IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT 3)
1.0
I.I
Ui
2.0
HT i;£
18
1.25 1.4 |i,6
■9 6"
►
Va
^
/2
V
/:
/A
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 872-4503
^
^
"'4
■"
CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche
Series.
CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.
Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques
The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy available for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographically unique,
which may alter any of the images in the
reproduction, or which may significantly change
the usual method of filming, are checked below.
D
Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur
□ Covers damaged/
Couverture endommag6e
□ Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restaurie et/ou pellicul^e
D
Cover title missing/
Le titre de couverture manque
□ Coloured maps/
Cartes gdographiques en couleur
□ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)
□ Coloured plates and/or illustrations/
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur
D
D
D
□
Bound with other material/
Reli6 avec d'autres documents
Tight binding may cause shadows or distc^rtion
along interior margin/
La reliure serrie peut causer de I'omore ou de la
distortion le long de la marge int^rieure
Blank leaves added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas 6t6 film6es.
Additional comments:/
Commentaires supplimentaires:
L'Institut a microfilm6 le meilleur examplaire
qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details
de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du
point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dans la methods normale de filmage
sont indiqu6s ci-dessous.
I — I Coloured pages/
El
Pages de couleur
Pages damaged/
Pages endommagdes
Pages restored and/oi
Pages restaurdes et/ou pellicul6es
Pages discoloured, stained or foxei
Pages ddcoiortes, tachetdes ou piqu^es
Pages detached/
Pages d6tach6es
Showthrough/
Transparence
Quality of prir
Quality indgale de {'impression
Includes supplementary materia
Comprend du materiel supplAmenteire
Only edition available/
Seule Edition disponible
I — I Pages damaged/
I — I Pages restored and/or laminated/
r~~l Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/
I — I Pages detached/
r^ Showthrough/
I — I Quality of print varies/
I — I Includes supplementary material/
I — I Only edition available/
Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partiellement
obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure,
etc., ont M filmAes d nouveau de fagon d
obtenir la meilleure image possible.
Th
tc
Th
po
of
fill
Or
be
th(
sic
oti
fin
1.4.
or
Th
sh
Til
wl
Ml
dif
en
be
rig
rei
mi
This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/
Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous.
10X 14X 18X 22X
26X
30X
7
]
12X
16X
20X
MX
28X
32X
Tha copy filmad her* has baan raproducad thank*
tc tha ganarosity of:
Library Division
Provincial Archives of British Columbia
L'axamplaira film* fut raproduit grkcB h la
gintroslf* da:
Library Division
Provincial Archives of British Columbia
Tha imagaa appaaring hara are tha bast quality
possibia considaring tha condition and laQibllity
of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha
filming contract spacifications.
Las imagas suivantas ont 4t4 raproduitas a^fac la
plus grand soin. compta tanu da la condition at
da la nattat* da I'axamplaira film6, at an
conformity avac las conditions du contrat da
filmaga.
Original copias in printad papar covars are filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printad or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other originti copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
t.<3n. and ending on the last page with e printed
or illustrated impression.
Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est ImprimAe sent filmAs en commen^ant
par la premier plat at en terminant soit par la
darnlAre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par la second
plat, salon la cas. Tous les autres exemplaires
originaux sont filmAs en commen^ant par la
premiere page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par
la darniAre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.
The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shell contein the symbol — ^ (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol y (meaning "END "),
whichever aopiies.
Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la
darnlAre image de cheque microfiche, seion le
cas: le symboie ^^- signifie "A SUIVRE", le
symbols V signifie "FIN".
Meps. plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction retios. Those too inrge to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper loft hend corner, left to
right end top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:
Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvant Atre
fiimis A des taux de reduction diffArents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre
reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film* i partir
de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche A droite,
et de haut en bas, en prenant la nombre
d'images nicessaira. Las diagrammes suivants
illustrent la mithoda.
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
I
l/vT. I" Q>-«-<-*i ,^j-cr,/i.
LL AROUND
iK^^!©l(^>||>
9^ .^
THE WORLD
AN IL2LaSTRATED REGORB
OF
Voyages, Travels and Adventures
IN ALL PARTS OF TRE GLOBE.
Mitb 1f3un6ieb8 of irilustiations,
AFTER DRAWINGS BY
/. /
(ILSTAVK Wllili, l;i:iiAIII), LVXCKLOI', JILKS Nuia, \_\l) OTIlKii UlINKNI AlillSTS
Vol. I.
NEW YORK:
SELMAR HESS, Publisher.
Li I
:/Ui.'
Ms. 4
PREFACE.
Th. object of "A,.L RooNo „,« ^^fonvu' is to «,t bofor. the Btay-at-Home TraTeller .n ox.ot i».„
.nd repre«entat.on of the World whereiu he lives; supplying him with that ready meaua of .cquaintanoe wiS
each Country .te Inhab.tant., ita Scenery, its Vegetation, its Animals, and its Monuments, that can only be
atUmed by the eye, and accompanying each pictorial delight with graphic Ulustration. by men of oelebrity u, th.
career of Travel and Adventure. / •« "w
We propose u, taKe our readers "All Rodnd th. Would," in a long and varied traverse; opening to th«.
the great Books of Geography, of Science, and of Nature.
How necessary such a Work is at the present moment; how little we know of ourselves and each other—.f
those even who hve almost in contact with ou,selves_may be judged from the fact, that the interior of even our
own great Colonies is as yet T^a Ir^ynita. In Asia, the vast range of the Hin.alayas, with the health-giving
brecres of a northern climate, looking down upon the sun-burnt plains of India on the one side, and the sn.iling pa.^
tures of Tartary on the other, were until lately unvisited ; China and Cochin China, with their swarming milUon.
of population, unfrequented; and Japan a sealed country. In America, while of the South-east w. stiU only know
"Those vast shores washed by the farthest sea,"
of the Centre and the West we were almost wholly ignorant, except that they were inhabited by untamed savages. It
a^faotha the whole of a country, since pronounced to be the n.ost beautiful in the world for scenery . weU as the
"nide. .n elunate, whose valleys teem with fertility, and whose n.ountains abound with gold and other metals and
to the Pae.ho, was left for two centuries in the hands of the Hudson's Bay Company, as being a region of ice .^
snow, fit only for the bear, the beaver, and the trapper.
In Africa, we are only just roused to the importance, not of exploring merely, hut of trading with the tribes
a d nafons of .U, fert.le and heal.hfnl central regions; while Connnerce no longer brandishes the bloody whip aod
clanks the iron fetters of the s ave. as she sails im jl,,, p u- .l ., . ^ ^
Hook, „iH, » I f i ^ "^"'' ""* '^""'"«' ''"'^ '''° N'g«^ «f '•"'ds her polluted
decks with a human cargo from barracoons on the fntni w. . , .,,>.
,, „ P , V > • Western coast; but, with Religion by her side, advances up
the Congo and Zambesi, to assure and cei tifv a cim,.,„. t j • , & J > -"'-u'-i-a up
,, f. .•• . . ^ '"i"""' '""'« ^^^""ng than arms-intercourse in connection with
the precious gift ot instruction in the Religion of Peace. """""o" wiw
Wonderful, indeed, has been the i)n)in-ps« nf h; «„_„ xr . • ...
, .. ,., \,. , r. '"^'"^ •^'-°''v«''.y effected within the most recent times. Whilst the ex-
ploration of the Ni'er, the Benawe. and the Zim] n^\ ;„ a<- • ,
M J ., „ .• ■'i'linhesi, in Africa, reveal new fields of inquiry, the navigation of tha
Murray and the Marrumbigee in Australia, and of the Aimmr ;„ n • . "v j,auon oi ine
that nf M,« V , 1,- ■ ^, • ^"'"*' °P^°' "P "«'' ""eg-ons to the colonist, and
that of the Yang-tse-kiang in China, and of the Parana tl,« Pu... , .i * j ,
o „,, A • „ . , rarana, the Paraguay, the Amazon and other great rivers ia
South America, equally extensive rea ms to comiiicrcial Pnto,T.,.;=» m .l , , , .
, , ,, \' •■"o"""iiticiaientoi prise. Nor are the remarkable accessions made of lata
to our knowledge of the interior of Australia-more especially of the discovery of a vast extent of land available for
pas urage or tillage_of less import to the future. The discovery of a whole district of lakes, and of a region of snow-
clad mountains .n intertropical Africa, with the exploration of the upper affluents of the White Nile, solves the
great problem of all ages the source of the Nile ; nor ought it to be omitted, that the determination of the existence
ne iUIvbe [ b^ T f .J ^""'^"^ '^ "'^ '"^ '''' ""' '" ""^ ^^^ ""^ °^ communication, which will
inevitably be established with the lapse of time, between the Atlantic and the Pacific through British America.
Every care h^ been bestowed in making "All Ron«o th. Worlo" a work of intrinsic value, not only as a
ett^bvl : r ,^''*^7''«'™-' — '^ landscapes, but drawings by traveUe^s themivea,
executed by the most able artists and engravers.
r^'^?^)
Pnrlfio N, W. H^orv Dept.
VlQTOf^»A. 8. G.
i i
\
Q
CONTK.YTS. VOL. I k II.
«■■■»
FIVE DAYS AT JERUSALEM.
I. — Jaffa to Jkrusalrh. v
II. — OvKB Jeuusai.km, ....
III. — In tub Footstei'S ok odr Saviopr,
IV. — Mount Zion and tiik Jews,
V. — TiiK Via Doi.okosa,
VI. '''lIK CllUUCIl ok TllK IIoi.v SkI'IILOIIIIK.
VII. — The Tkmi'i.e and tiik Mosyi'i: ok Omah
VIII. — Round and About Jeuusai.km,
IX. — To IJkthi.eiiem and to IIkhkon,
X. — ^TO JOUDAN AND to NaZAKKTH,
SICILY AS IT IS.
I. — In and About Pai.kkmo, .
II. — Ai.oNo SiiouK TO Mkssina,
III. — Stisomboi.i and the Lii-aki Isi.kb,
IV. — Messina,
V. — Round and up Mount Etna, .
CHINA, COCHIN-CHINA, AND JAPAN.
I. IIONO KONO, ....
II. — Macao,
III. — Up the Canton River, .
IV.— Canton,
V. — The First ok th. .Min-gs,
VI. — The Last of the i>] n s,
VII. — The Rebels ok China, .
VIII. — The Great Rivers of China,
IX. — The Maritime Cities ok China.
X. SlIANOIlAI, ....
XL — Tien-tsin, "The City ok FBUcnT,'
XII. — The Great Wai.i, ok China, .
XIll. — Across China to Pekin,
COCHIN-CHINA,
JAPAN
H. — Bay and Harbour of Nagasaki,
HI. — Environs ok Nagasaki, .
IV. — Japani:8k Domestic Like,
V. — A Japanksk Lady, .
VI. — The Intkuior ok Japan, .
VII. — Arts and Lndustry ok the Japanese,
VIII. — Japanese Litkhature and Art,
IX. SlMODA,
X. — A-N Excursion Round Simoda,
XI. — Approach to Yeddo,
XII. — Landing at Yeddo, .
XIH. — Interior ok Yeddo, .
XIV. — Tea Gardens, ....
XV. — Round Kanaqawa, .
XVI. — Harikari — THE Happy Despatch,
XVII. — Hakodaki, ....
KVIII. — GOVKBNMEKI' AND MaNNKKS,
1
«
15
29
38
44
51
59
67
76
78
79
83
89
91
99
102
107
119
125
131
134
139
147
151
152
156
178
180
184
185
188
190
192
196
197
200
202
204
206
206
208
210
212
215
CONTENTS.
THE ISLANDS OF THE FNDTAN AND EASTERN SEAS.
'• — An AlHTIllAN VojAOK liolNI) Tlllt WOKIO),
II. — Ckylon, ... . ,
III. — NiKUHAK I8I.ANIIS,
IV. — TiiK Anuauan Ibi.andb
V, — SiNOAI'OUK,
VL — An ExciinsioN in Java
VII. — TllK I'llll.llTINK Isl.ANUtI,
VIII. — TllK Knciianti;i> I.aki:
IX. — TllF ,Sn,-Ll-UA-ll(l() 1.-<I.A>I1>KK8, ....
UP AND DOWN THE xjJIOOH,
With Scknks in Ckntrai. Aj'ia. Tautauy. ani» Sihkuia.
I. — TllK CotNTUy OK TllK IvAl.KA^,
II. MONOOMA,
ni. — The Sui.tanh of the Steppks, ....
IV. — Tub Lakk Haikai.,
V. — Down tiik Amook,
VI. — Ul- TllK A.MOOIt,
VII. SlIIKlilA
VIII. — LlKK A.M(IN(i TllK YaKUTS, ....
FKOM ASIA TO AMERICA.
Land ok tiik Tchuktoiii, ....
219
230
280
285
248
244
247
2M
258
360
264
269
276
282
294
801
808
838
VANCOUVER ISLAND 826
FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC
I. — TllK Rocky Mouniain.-^ , 880
II. — The Way to tiik Kucm Moi ntains, 888
IH. ''"llltOLGll THE COUNII'.Y OK IIIK Hl.ACKFEET TO TIIK RoCKY MOUNIAINH, . . . 353
IV.— The CoiNTKY bktwi;i n Canada ani> 15uiTiaii Columbia, 366
V. — The WiNii'Kc; anu li; d Rivki: Disiiiict, 890
VI. AdVENTLHKS in the Ii'diKY MolMAIN.I OK THE Hauon DE W0(JAN, . . . 395
VII. — The MiNKK anu tiik IIinikk, 898
VIII. DeI'AUTUHE KO'i TllK iNlKKlOli, 899
IX. — Mr Adventuuks, 400
CREMATION GHAT AT CALCUTTA.
BUIINING AND E.M'OSUUE OK HODIKS IN I.MIIA,
.
CUHA AND THE CUHANS.
I. — IIisTOUY — Desckii'iion ok Havana — Govkknment — Aumy and Navy — Revenuk, ,
II. — Mannehs and Customs — I'lui.ic N'khici.e.s — A(iuicui,Tuui;, Tuaue, and Commerce,
III. — Climate, Scknkuy — VwiKTAiii.K I'uudlctions — Kiveks — Mountains — Domkstio and
Wii.i) Animals — .Miniiuai. Riches — CAriiKnuAL — Chukch ok San Dominuo —
ViCEKEOAi, 1'alack — CiiAi'Ki. OK Coi iMiius — Plaza dkl Toitos, OK CoLusaicuii
FOR Bull Fiouts,
TO CUBA AND BACK.
I. — The Voyage, '. ,
II. — Havana,
Ul. MaIANZAS and THK SugAK Pl.ANlATlONS,
IV. — Slavery in Ciha,
V. — Fauewell to CuiiA, ............
VI. ClKN FUEGOS SrclAK i'l.ANTATIONS — CONDITION OK Sl.AVES, ...
VII. — The Havana — lis Hotki.s — The Pasko — The Harbouu and the Quay, . .
THE SEARCH FOR TIHi I'UANKLIN EXPEDITK i.\.
I. — The Discovkhy Vaimii "Fox" at tiik Danish SKrri.EMENTS in GREENr.ANi>^
An Ahctic Wim'eii — Ciioss 1!ai kin's 1!ay — Erect a Monumknp — Sail uowm
Peel's Strait — Make Rkgknt's Inlet a.nd Hki.lot Sikait — Winier Quakteus,
n. — Interview WITH the Uooihian Esyui.MAi x — Kklus ok Franklin — Captain Siu F.
L. M'Ci.iNTocK examines Ea.st Coast ok King \Villiam Island and Mouth of
Back's 1{ivku — Return uy Solth and West Coast ok KiN(i William Isla.ni> —
Note kkum Lieuienant IIouson, ..........
m. — Return to the "F'ox" — A Navkjaui.e Nokih-West Passage? — Hobson's Jouk-
NEY — Cai'tain Allen YouN(i's ■Journev — Discovers M'Clintock Channel — ^Thk
Exi'EDlTIOh RETURNS HoME GENERAL CoNCLUSiONa,
409
418
419
427
437
487
440
443
444
446
447
451
455
463
i
319
230
380
236
248
244
247
251
258
CONTKXTS
DALMATIA.
I.— First Vikw ok Dai.matia— Dalmatian NAiioNAi.rrv— Ciiuhciik.s avu Convknth—
hoitTs — Kaih'man SoriKiv,
II.— Envihon.s oi Ka(h;.sa— Ti'uki.sii I.siands ok St. .Maiik anh St. Maiihaka— Ni aniI
11*"" ''^''"**'"""^ •"' '■* CiiLosiA— Hay ok St. IIii.Aitv IU.ii;,sa Vkc.ima.
IV '•^'^''* ""^ (ii.'AvosA, (III Santa (Jiiock -Vai, d'Omhi.a Siiiti:iiI!ankan Hivkii,
^^' '^'"K ''^'"N •>!•■ TIIK lilAlK .Mol STAINS -.MoNTKNK.fiKINKS, Ol; rcilKICNAIJOUl- I'llOTKC-
TOIIATK Oh KiSSIA ('(.NXKCTION WITH A ISTUIA- CoMllATS WITH TIIK FlIKNI.II,
V. — HoccA 1)1 Caitaiio— I'oiiT OI .MuNiKNKoiio— Town oi- C
CaITAUO -FkHOCITV ok TIIK. MoNnNK.OUINKH.
VI. MONTKNKOHINI; Ha/.AA It — To WN OK .N l:i(il«ll — MoNTKNKOKINK III"
tai. ok .MoNTKNKduo -.Mi liiiKU OI l'uiN(.'K Danii.o
VU.— IlKltZKOOVINA— TkKIIIONH A.M) THK TkkIUNIT/A -A.SCKNT OK TIIK VkI.I.I:HI0I1 " KKOM
RAdf.SA— Vll.I.AOK OK UKIKiATO— FOUT T/.A HINK— VaI. 1)1 UuiNO KlMUAfl
Oi.u Uaoisa. ....
VIII. — A Dalmatian Cakk — Kkudai. Town
Tkebinuza, a Si ihkuuankan Rivku
AITAIIO .MaKMONT at
I T.s Tzktinii;, Capi-
lOII KROM
fUlIS, OK
.a
OK TiiKiiKiNR— Casti.k ok Giiadina— Tiir
-An Intbumittknt Lakk-Tiik Omhi.a.
GALAPAGO.S AKCIIII'IiLAGO.
1. — Chatham Islands — Iouanas — Chahlks Isi and Ai.iik.mahlk I.si.avu,
II.— Nakbohouoh I.si.anu— Taci'.s Covk— Jamks Island— Hood's IIai.hoijk, ' . '.
III. — Islands VoLC'ANio— Colony at CiiAUi.K.s Island — I am ks Island -SaltLakV.inCiiatk.u,
IV- — Imi'outance ok Ref'tilks in the Aitciiu'ELAiio— Falkland Islands, . . ]
CORAL ISLANDS.
I.— Atolls oh Aiollons- Litiiotypes ok " CoNSTHUCToiis ok Wohi.ds" Submakink
Would ' • al Rlki.s— IvKKLiNr; Islands— Cokai. Fokma itons,
II. BOULDKI; ON A "oliAI. Isi.AND - GlJKAT CUAIl— StKI CTl UK OF l.AdOON IsLAND.S,
II^- — Genehai I'lioci. ok Slusidence IN the I'acikk— Siii .Iamks Kmkkson Tennant
ON CuKAl W.LLS, AND TIIK CoNVEKSION OK SaLT WatEU INTO FuESII,
MALDIVA ISLANDS.
Thousand Islands— P:oi)L'ctions—Atoli„s ok Atollons— Fisiiiwi Blocks of
CoKAL— Iniiauitants and Lanouaoe.-*— Island ok Dieoo Gakcia — Comouo Island,
SOCIETY ISLANDS.
I.— Gknehai Aspect of Tahiti, on Otaheite- Commerce— Lake ok Vaihiria- Gueat
Mokai ok 1'apaka— I.si.and ok Raiatea— .Macauia— Smam.eu Islands, .
II. — Population— I'lJODicTioNs — Su«ak-can;. i'i.antations— Co on— Cattle — Huts or
Natives — Chieks — Timber Trees — Rei.ioion and .Morals, ....
MOUNT ATHOS AND ITS iMONASTERIES.
'• — Ancient Atiios — Canal ok Xerxes — Monasteries — Monastei«t ok Lavha ob St.
Laura — Ascent ok Mount Athos,
n.— Monastery ok Caracalla — The Ciuirch— Monastery of Piiilotues, .
^' — The Great Monastery ok Iverox — The .Munastkry ok Stavroniketa — Splendid
MSS. ok St Chrvsostom — The .Monasteuv ov I'antocraioras,
^' — The Great Monastery ok Vatopkdi; — .M(jnastkry ok SpiiKiMENoi; — Monasteries
OF KiLIAKTARl. Zo(!RAIMIOr, C AM A.MDNETA. DoTIlEIROU, AND XeNOPHOU, .
V. — Monasteries ok Russilo and \.r.i;oporA.MA — .Monasieries ok St. Nicholas and
St. DioNisius — MoNAsiKHiKs OK ,St. I'ait. and Simoi'etra — Excursion t'> Karyks,
*!• — Caracalla — Thk Acoumenus — Curioub Cross — The Nuts of Caracalla, .
THE GREAT PLAINS OF NORTH AMERICA.
I. — Movement ok Population ok United .States Westward — Division ok Unitkd
States — Line ok Watershed — Most Available Line ok Communication,
n. — Routes across the "Plains" — Fort .Smith — Sculleville — Choctaw Indians —
ClllCKSAWS AND CkEKK INDIANS— ThE ShAWNEES,
nX- — Old Fort Aruicki.e Delaware Indians -Wakos Indians— Buffalo Hunting, .
IV. — The Cro.,o Timp.kus — I'rairik Doos — Comanche Indians — Catching Wild Horses,
V". — The Dry River — A Cknienary Cotton Wood Tree — The Kioway Indians,
VL — Pueblo, "Town or Villaije" Indians — Ei. Llano Hstacado— Indian Paintings,
Vn. — New iMexico — Cerro de Tuclmcari — Froniter Mexican Town ok Anton Chico,
Vni. — Valley ok Cue.sia — ('anon Blanco (Jai.isiko — Orijan Rock — Vallkt of the
Ilio Grakde — PiEiii.o OK Santo Dominco — Pueblo I.xdian Church,
IX' — Arrival ok the E.ypeuition at Ai.Br^juERgrK— The Americans in New Mexico.
X. — Society at Ai iiiquekque — liuitiiER Race.s ok Apache a.xd Navahoe Indians —
Pueblo ouVillage1ndian.s — Hispano- Indian P.heeds Valleyofthe Rio Grande.
ptiiii
4(!9
476
47'J
4H0
486
488
494
495
499
502
504
509
516
520
525
6.S3
587
689
649
657
560
665
671
679
686
689
697
603
606
611
618
615
618
622
CONTENTS.
THE GREAT PLAINS OF NORTH AMERICA— Continued.
XI. — The Indian Town ok Isi.eta — Pueblo Laguna — TriE Mono Rock — Tiir Ruins ok
New Mexico and tiieiii Okioin, .........
XII. — The Uesoi.atk City — The Camp bekoke Zlni— Ruins ok Old Zuni, .
XIII. — Salt Pool — The Rio Secco Petrified Kouest — UiiNS on the Coi.ohado
Chiquito,
XIV. — Defautuhe kuom the Coi.ohado Chiquito — Volcanic Cones — Tiik Woods of
THE San Francisco Mountains — Subteruanean Abode ok tiik Natives —
Squirrels,
XV. — Bill Wii.lia.ms' Mountains — Grey Bears- Partriixse Creek — Turkey Si'rino —
Pass of the Aztec Mountains — Yami'AY and Canon Creeks, ....
XVI. — ToNTO Indians — Cactus Pass — Giant Cactus— The Hkaveu Vii,i.A<iE,
XVII.— Valley ok Bill Williams' Fork— Mountain Si-rino and Indian Paintings —
Arrival at the Ilio Colorado — The Moiiaves, Ciiimbhwhuebes, Cutciianas,
and Pah-Utahs,
XVTn. — Village ok the Moiiaves— Passage ok the Colorado,
XIX. — ^Tiie Rio Colorado — Desert— Dry Salt Lake — Arrival at Pueblo dk Los
Angeles,
TRAVEL AND SPORTING ADVENTURES IN TROPICAL SOUTH AFRICA.
I. — Walkisch Bay — Missionary Station— A Lion Hunt — Dkath ok the First Girakfb,
II. — ^A Lion Hunt — Dkath ok the Leopard — The Ovamuo and Ovamboi.and. .
III. — The Kino ok the OvAMno»— Enormous Quantities ok Game — A Night Adventure,
IV. — Mr. Andersson Visits Cape Town — Returns to Walklscii Bay — Mutilated
Hya:na,
V. — The Pool ok Kobis — Lions and Gikakkk — A Black Rhinoceros,
VI. — Siioois A White Rhinocehos — Is desperately Woindkd uy a IIi.ack Rhinoceros,
VII. — First View ok Lake NciAMi — Animals, Birds, and Fishes - Nakong and Lache —
Ascent ok the Teoge — Harpooning the Hippopotamus — A Lion kor a Bed-
partner,
THE STEPPES OF RUSSIA AND THE CAUCASUS.
I. — Russian Tendency to Colonization — Zapokoc!
AND Voi.ua,
II. — The Steppes — Fields ok Haihat— Classes ok Steppes — Ravines
Nomades — Future I.mportance ok the Steppes to Commerce, ....
III. — TheKai.muks necessarily Nomades — Kalmuk Encampment — Kai.muk Horsemanship,
IV. — City ok Astrakhan — Armenians, Tartars — Singular Rksii.i' ok a Mixiure ok
Races -Commkrciai. Position ok Astrakhan,
V. KiSSLAR ON THE Tl'.UEK A CAUCASIAN CaPUA TiIE TcHETCHENSKS AND THE
t'lls^A^:KS — Kasakiiuta — Encampments ok Tai!iai!s — Ravine ok Kaiianv.
VI. — Derbend AND Baku — Caspian Gates — Pyl« Ai.uani.k — Scytiiivn Ai.uanians and
Ai.ANi — I)a<;hi.stan — Peter the Great's Resting-place —Great Wall ok
Caucasus
VII. — Steppes ok Cape Ap-cihron — Baku, the City ok Fire- Worshippers — Sanctuary
OK Atasikjah — Great Fire Te.mpi.e — Islands ok Vnu: — Paiisi I'ii.hrims, .
VIII. — From Baku to Tiklis — The Leschhans — Peter the tiiiKAi's Campaigns — Opera-
tions OK Catherine II. — Visit to a Circassian Prin<'k and Princess,
IX. — Town ok Shumakhi — Miskortunes ok its Iniiaiiitants — Bayaderes or Dancing
Giiu.s,
X. — Valley and Town ok Nukiia — Castle of Queen Tiiamara- -Mount Ei.ias,
XL — Tiklis — Aqueduct near Tiklis — Ca.mels in I'ersia — Agriculture in Georgia, .
Xll. Ivl'IINOIiRAPIIICAl, AlU.HIVES IN TiKI.IS TlIE NaTZVAL CrOWN PEASANTS,
XIII. — 'I'liE Houses in Tiklis — Persian Ambassador -State ok the Army — Jermalow,
XIV.— Georgian Nobles — Journey to Martukphi — Guilds in Persia and Georgia, .
MOROCCO OR MAROC CO.
I. — Mauretania .Mugihribu-l-aksa — Morocco Physically Contemplated — Moors,
Arabs, 15erbei(s, .Jews, and Negroes — Morocco Army — Ceuta — Tetuan,
II. — TAN(ilER AND TlN(ilS — DESCRIPTION OK THE ToWER AND CasM.E — ClIIEK MoSQUE,
III. — Port ok Arzii.la — Larache — Al Kasr Kebir — Port ok Meiidiyah — Description
OK Sai.ke and Rahat — .Superstitions — .Snake Char.mkr.s, .
IV. — The Jews ok Mohocco-^Wedding and othku I''e.stivities — Renegades,
V. — Old Capital ok .Mekinez — City ok Fez — Coast-way to Azamor — Across Countrt
to Morocco — Descrh-iion ot Monoci o — Mount Ati.as. ...
VI. — Port of Mo(;ador — The Moorish Cemetery — I.mperial Cjuahd ok Negroes,
VII. — The Recent Spanish Campakin in .Moiiot.co — Final Aciion in Front ok Tetuan —
Stubborn Dkkiunck of the Moors — Retrospect of the Campaign, .
IAN Cossack.i — Cossacks of the Don
-The Land of
629
636
638
642
644
650
658
659
675
681
685
687
688
692
694
707
709
714
723
727
733
739
745
755
757
760
766
775
779
782
787
791
794
798
800
810
629
636
638
TLLTTSTRATT0]^8. YOL. I k 1 1
642
644
650
658
659
675
681
685
687
688
692
694
707
709
714
723
727
733
739
745
755
757
760
766
775
779
782
787
791
794
798
800
810
(■SALEM.
Jkuusai.km,
THE Tkmim.e
I'.lil'SAI.KM,
HIE lloi.v Si;ri i.ciiuE,
OK Si I
ViKw OK Jehusai-em, from over the Pool ok Hezekiaii
.IaI'I'a, '
LVDDA, •••.....'
Rama (Arimatiika), and Kumatimeahim, ....
Sakacenic Fountain, near the Coincil House. Jeki
The Cmurch ok the Holy .Skiti.oiike, a
Vallev ok Gihon, • . . .
The DAMA.-iCirs Gate. .Ierisalem. .....'
The Imei.d ok Blood, in the Valley ok IIinnom, .' ] '
Gate ok the IIosimtai. ok the KNKiins ok St. Johv, at Jeiusalkm
Garden ok Gethse.maxe. and Mount ok Olive.s krom Jerusaikm,
Bethany,
Isaiah's Grave, .
Valley ok Jehosiiai-hat, ! .' *
The Tomb ok David, . . '
Absalom's Tomh, and Pool ok Siloam, ......
Jkw.s' (Quarter, Jerusalem, ! ! !
Tower ok David, Jerusalem, ......',
Via Dolorosa, . '.
The WAiLiN(i Place— .Jews Prayino at Wail o "
The Mosque ok Omar — Si-v: ok the Tkmui.e at J
The Holy Sepulciirk, and Intjijior ok
Cave under the Temple Hill,
Pool ok Betiiksda, ......'
Jews at Jerusalem. . . . .'
Vestiiiule within the Golden Gate, . ! . .
Vaults Beneath Solomon's Tkmklk, and Remains ok Ancient Temi-'le H
Castle ok /ion, ....
Jakka Gate, Jerusalem, and Tomb ok Kincs,
A Pillar in the Vaults ok the Temple ok Soi
The River Jordan
Anotiiek Pillar in the Vaults ok the Tempi.e, '.
Pools ok Solomon, and Church ok the Nativity,
Hebron, with the Cave ok JIaoiipki.ah,
The Dead Sea, and Plain ok Jericho, . . '.
Rachel's Grave,
Bethlehem,
Inhabmants ok Bethlehem. . . . . .
Interior ok Convent Mar Saba. ." '.
The Jordan Leavin.; the Sea ok Tibkuias, '.
Nabi.ou.s, the Ancient Siiixhkm. and Bethel,
Mount Tauor, and JIounts Hbal and Gkki/.im,
Tiberias, ......
Nain,
Nazareti., ....
Mount Etna (viewed krom Taurominium), in Sicii y
The Chapel ok Si. Rosalia, near Paleumo, in Sicily,
liiE Rock and Town ok Scvli.a, Coast ok Sicily,
SlROilliOLl, ONE ok the LiPAUI IsIKS. NEAR SlCILY
The Marina, or Sea view at Messina, in Sicily',
Costumes and Inhauitanis ok Sicily.
Ruins ok AiiuioK.NTUM ((iiRoENri), in Sicily, '.
View ok Syracuse, in Sicily, . . . .
Chinese Boat ' '
Paooda at Whampoa, .... [
Hong Kong, • . . . !
Tub Pagoda or tub Rooks, at Macao,
I.OMON AT Jerusalem,
)MON.
DBAWW BT
PAoa
Th&rond,
1
Photo.,
4
Pliolo., Cramb,
4
Photo.,
5
Therond,
8
Theroml,
9
Photo., < 'lamli.
12
Therond,
13
Lancelot,
16
TJieriind,
17
I'holo.,
20
Photo.,
21
s.r/>, .
22
Sr/iji, .
23
Scfp, .
25
I'lioto.,
25
I'hoto., Cnimli.
26
I'holo.,
28
Photo.,
29
Iiida,
;V2
l.oncelot,
;i;{
Miller,
36
&-pi>.
40
Photo.,
40
Hid II ,
41
*77',
44
Sepj),
44
•^epp,
45
Fholo.,
45
liido,
48
Ihtiiliiiiin/, .
49
/>'/</«,
51
Photo.,
52
Photo., ( 'niitdi.
53
Photo.,
53
Sepp,
54
Soviet,
56
Ilida,
57
Sepp,
59
Photo.,
60
Photo., Cramli,
60
I'holo.,
61
I'lioto., < 'nimli.
61
Pholo.,
61
Therond,
64
Uouiiniiie, .
65
Iloiinrijiie,
69
Rouarijiie,
73
RoHiirijiie, .
80
Uomiriine, .
81
Huiiiiri/iir, .
85
Iwiiiiri/iie, .
85
Hoiiarqiie, .
88
Dore, .
89
Orandaire, .
92
Sabatier,
93
Dori, .
96
X ILLUSTRATIONS.
Tiijc Landing Pi.acb at Macao, ....
CiiiNKSK Boat Wo.>ian,
CiiiNKSK Mkhchant, .......
ClIlNKSK IvADV,
Tartau C'avai.ky (Cminksk Taejtai! Armv),
Night Scknk in A.mov,
Chinese War Sui, ducks (War Tigkrs), .
A Chinese Woman, .......
Chinese Opium S.mokkrs. ......
Flower (I'i.ea.sdrk) Boat at Shanghai, .
Cusro.M Ilor.sE at Siianoiiai
A Chinese Travkm.in'; Wiieki.-Harkow, .
The Great Wai.i, of China
Tub E.Mi'ERuu oi- Cochin-China and his Ministers,
Residence of the French and Kngi.ish A.mbassadors at Tien-tsin.
Mouth ok the River Sakjon, Cochin-China,
Banks of the River Sakjon, .....
KiCE,
Subterranean Hudiiist Temple near Touraine, in Cochin-Chin
Japanese Tea Gardens, ......
Gardens of i'he Fmperor of Japan at Yeddo,
Japanese Ladv, .......
Toilet of a Japanese Ladv,
Enirance to i'iie Hav of Yeddo, ....
White .Mii.iikrry Tree, and Raising Water,
A Poi-icK-MAN OF Yeddo, ......
V^ii.i.aije in Jaffa, .......
The Austrian Frkjate " No\ara " off the Island of St. 1'aul
Working Elephant in Cevi.on, ....
A Forest in Ceylon, ......
iNTKUlOli of a IIli- in THE Isi.AND OF IVAR-NlKOHAR,
ViR(;iN KoREsi in Kar-Niivomar (Indian Ocean), .
Palm Tree in (inFAr ' ndaman, ....
Volcano in .Java, .......
The Enchanted Lake in the Philippine Islands, .
AlTACK ON A HrITLSII W \H StEAMER BY THE NATIVES OF AnDAMA
A Native of the Andaman Islands.
UlVF.R AmOOR and KlN(i-(;AN MOUNTAINS,
A KiiAi.KAs Family on the Upper Amoor,
View of Ai.exandrovsk, on the Hay of Castries,
HuKiAT Temple on Lake iKEuiiUN, Mongolia,
Lake Baikal, ........
Frontier Post between China and Russia, .
Yakuts on a Journey, ......
Fort of Okhotsk, .......
Si.EixiE AND Dogs on the Amoor, ....
The Aiii'.Ai.i (Ovis AmmoxV or Wild Sheep of Siberia
Bazaar and Fair at NEiirciiiNSK — Russia in Asia,
TuNGUSE Sorceress and Naiives. ....
Mantchurians and Tungusians of the Ti'.ans-baikal Disiiiicr,
Yakut Colony ok Village, .....
TuNGUSE Encami'ment,
Yakut Wo.man
Y'akut Shamails, or Demon Dispellkus, .
Official Travelling — Russia in Asia, .
The City of Victoria, Vancouver Island,
The First Shot at a (Jriz/.ly Bear,
Fight between a r>L..:. and a Bison, ...
Indian Sepulchre in the Long Grass Praikif., on the Saskatchewan R
Sai.teau.x Indians Fire-fisiiing, . . . .
A PolM'AGE ON THE WlllTE MuD RiVER, .
Fort Edmonidn, on the Upper Saskatchewan River,
Rocky Moi mains
Chimney T<ii( ks on the Banks of the Columbia River,
Indian Slpm. cures on the Banks of the Cowlitz River,
A Canon, or Mountain Pass, in the Sierra Wah,
The Giant Pink Trees of Sonora, ....
Bkaii, . . . '
DRAWN BT
Dore, .
Ihrt, .
D<. ^ .
Dore, .
Dore, .
Franqait,
Dore, .
Dore, .
Moriii,
Granthire, .
(jrandsire, .
Dore, .
Dore, .
Tlierotid,
Dure, .
Jules '.'./t;/, .
Lancelot,
Miller,
Tlierund,
De Bar,
Morin,
Morin,
Morin,
Jules Xoiel, .
Miller,
Dore, .
De Bar,
Jules Noiil, ,
Ther^ntl,
De Bar,
Tlierou'l,
De Bar,
De Bar,
De Bar,
Lainelal,
De liar,
(t. h'alli,
(iranilsire, .
Luncehit,
Lancelot,
Salialier,
Salialier,
Victor Ailiiiii,
Victor Adani,
Victor Adam,
Saliatier,
Victor Adam,
Victor Adam,
Victor Adam,
Valentin,
Victor Adam,
Victor Adam,
Victor Adam,
Victor Adam,
Victor Adam,
A. de Berard,
Dore', .
Morin, .
Dore, .
Saliatitr,
Saliatier,
Belcoq,
Felcoq,
Saliatier,
Saliatier,
Lancelot,
l<inc*U)t, ,
MiUtr,
rAQi
97
101
104
108
112
113
120
12i
128
129
137
144
144
145
153
160
161
165
168
173
173
176
177
186
193
201
214
217
224
225
233
240
241
244
249
256
256
257
262
268
273
278
285
286
289
295
302
302
304
304
305
312
313
320
320
321
329
336
337
339
345
348
353
357
853
865
869
874
f
VAoa
P7
101
104
108
112
113
120
12.i
128
129
137
144
144
145
153
160
161
165
168
173
173
176
177
186
193
201
214
217
224
225
233
240
241
244
249
256
256
257
262
268
273
278
285
286
289
295
302
302
304
304
305
312
313
320
320
321
329
336
337
839
345
348
353
357
858
865
869
874
ILLUSTRATIONS.
The Baron de Wogan at the Council of Judgment,
Group ov Indians,
The Bauon m: Woijan,
A "Claim" in Caukoknia, ....
Gkass Valley DnioiNcs,
The Baron de Wocjan at the Wau-post,
Indians of the Rio Colouado,
The Cremation Ghat at Calcutta,
Inhabitants of Havana,
The V^olantk (IIikkd Carriage) ok the Havana,
Avenue of Palm Thicks, Lkadixo to a Residence in
The Cathedual of IIavan, . . . .
Chinese Cooi.iks in the Havana, .
ViKw of Havana, the Capital of Cuba
View of Matan/.as,
Landscape in the Island of Cuba,
The Arctic Rk(;ions — the "Erebus" and "Terro
Mouth of Hack's River, . . . . .
Opening of a Cairn, ....
Relics of Franklin's Exi-kdition, .
Snow Huts of the Esquimaux,
The "Fox" in Hki.i.ut's Strait,
TzETiNiE, Capital of MuNTENKiiuo, .
Palace of tiik Ancient Do(iEs at Ka(;usa,
Harbour of Ghavosa, nkar Racusa,
Capital in tiik Palace at Ragusa.
MoSTKNKGRINS, ......
Castlk of Trkbignf;, ....
GUADINA, .......
RiVKR TrKBINITZA,
View of Racusa
Chatham Island.
Charles Island,
Post-Offick Hav
Waterixi; Pi.ack,
Birds, Rkpiti.ks, and Vkgetation,
Albemahlk Island,
Whitsundav Island,
Bay of Mankvai, Island of Vaxikoro, -
Oeno in the Pomotu Ai!CIIIPK1.A(;0,
Village of Vanu, Island of N'anikoro, '.
Pinnacle and Coral Rkef, Bora-bora, .
The Confession,
High Peak at Bora-bora, . . . .
Distant Vikw of Mount Athos, . '. ',
The Agoumknos of Ivekon, . . . ,
Baptisty, or Phiai.k of Saint Laura, '. '.
Fresco of the Trapkza at Saint Laura,
Monastery of Iveron, . . . . '
Bas-relief in the Convent of Vatopkdi", Mount
Nut-gathering on Mount Athos, .
Monastery of Spiikjmknou, • . . .
F'rksco of Saint Gkohgk, ■ . . ',
Albanian Soldikr of the Guard of the Epistat
Cyprus Tree,
Coffee Plant, \
Sculptured Cross in the Treasitry of Karyes,
Chief Court of the Monastkry of Kiliantari,
Scu'iTURED Cabinet in the Trkasury of Kaiives.
Council-gkneral of tiik Epistates,
The Prairie on Fire, •■..'.
Fort Smith on the Arkansas, . [ ',
Ball-playing amoncs the Choctaw Indians, .
Camp of Comanche Indians, ....
Buffalo Hunting among the Dklawares,
Camp of Kiowa y I>i>ian8, ....
Comanchk Indiank, . . . . '.
Indian Hibkoulyfus, . . . .*
Charli'.s or Fi.oriana Island,
Charles Island, .
tios
IIA.
I'll
Ici
DBAWW BT
PAOh:
. Petciiq,
. 381
. Pelcoq,
. 385
. Pelcoq,
. 393
. Pelcoq,
. 397
Pelcoq,
. 897
Pelcoq,
. 401
Pelcoq,
. 405
T/ienmil,
. 412
I'otill,
413
Victiir Adam,
417
/■'. de lie mill.
420
Xurlel,
425
I'elcoi/,
42!)
1 .iiiicrliit,
433
t.aiicflut,
44.'i
I'aiil Hiiet, .
449
(Tiiiiiilsiri', .
453
Laiici'liil,
456
I.aiiceliil,
457
Liiiircliit,
457
Lanieliit,
461
Valentin,
464
A. de liar, .
4(19
Lniueliil,
472
■ lilies Xiirl, .
473
I.aiicehit,
4H0
Marc, .
4K1
A. de liar, .
4.S8
Urn ml aire, .
489
A. de Bar, .
493
f.inicelot.
497
/'.'. '/(• lU'rard,
505
/'.'. de Btrard,
50(i
/•;. de Bvrard.
510
K.jle Bcraiii,
512
Riiuijer,
513
PI. de I'icrard,
521
/•'. de lleraiil.
524
/','. de Bviiird,
529
/'.'. de Bi'raid.
533
/•.'. de Bcrard,
536
/•'. de Bcrard,
540
IJida, .
541
K. de Bcrard,
545
Villevicille, .
551
Pelcoq,
555
Lancelot,
558
Tliemnd,
559
Karl (iirardel,
561
A. Praiisi, .
564
Villerieille, .
568
Karl (iirardet,
569
Pelcoq,
574
I 'illerieille, .
575
Miller,
575
Miller,
575
'I'lu'roiid,
.'176
I aiiceliil.
577
'I'll croud, ,
580
liiiiilanijer, .
584
]h,re, .
593
Lancelot,
598
Dare, .
601
J. Ihivaujc, .
(i07
Dore, .
609
Lancelot,
616
./. Ihmiiut, .
620
Lamelot,
623
ILLUSTRATIONS.
H I
MooNTAiN3 OK San Francisco, .
Organ Rock near San Dominoo,
Inscriition Rock or *' Mono," .
Town ok Zuni,
Pueblo, or To^vN-DWELLINo Indians,
Alcalde of Santo Domingo, .
Holy Well at Zuni,
Altar and Ruins at Zuni,
The Giant Ckkkus, .
MoiiAVK Indians,
M VK IIOHSKMAN, ....
HUl JK CiiiMKiiwiiuKB Indians,
Ferry on tiik Rio Colorado, .
Bill Williams' Fork,
Game ok Rinc amon<j the Moiiaves,
Arms, Oknamk.nts, and Utensils ok the
GiRAFi'K AND Lions, .
Pueblo dk i.os Angeles, .
Hunter and Rhinoceros, .
A Pond in Ai-hica at Nioiit,
HipporoTAMUs Harpooned,
Hunter and Lk^ns, .
Hunter and Ei.kimiant,
View ok Dekbexd, .
View ok Astrakhan,
Tent ok a Kai.mi-k Princess,
Peter iiie Great's Hut, near Dkrbend,
Georgian Hayaperks,
FiRE-WOU.SHlPPKRS AT AtASH-GAH,
Fire Tempi. e, near Baku,
View ok Haku,
Valley ok Nukha, .
View of Tiki. is,
CosTu.iiEs OK Baku, .
V^IEW OK Shi'makhi, :
Castle and T<j\vn ok Gori,
PoiiCH OK LES(iHIAN HoUSE,
QuKEN Tiiamaua'.s Casti.e,
LeSGHIAN \'ll,I.A(iE OK UeOIITA,
Georgian Costumes, .
The River 1'iiasis, .
Acclivity ok Mount Surham,
Crest ok Mount Surham,
Mouth ok the Phasis at Poti,
City ok Morocco,
The Port ok Tangier,
Port ok Mogador, ,
Mountains ok Iron, .
Serpent Charmers, .
View ok Salee and Rabat,
Cemetery at Mogador,
Staist of a Caravan.
Indians,
DRil WN BT
Lanceiol,
Laneel ')t,
Lancet it,
Jjancf'Ot,
J. Divaux,
J. LuvatiXy
Lanceht,
Lancelot,
l.uiicelot,
J. Diivaiir.
Lancelot,
J. Duvanx,
Do re, .
])oie, .
Lancelot,
Lancelot,
Dore, .
A. lie Berard,
Dore, .
Dore, .
Dore, .
Dore, .
Dore, .
Moynet,
Moijnet,
Moi/nei,
Moynet,
lienuce
Moynet,
Moynet,
Moynet,
Moynet,
'I'lirrimd,
Mill ,'1,
Moi/iii'i,
I'rnnqdiii,
Moynel,
Moynet,
l>ore, .
Moynet,
Mnyiii'l,
Moynel,
Mfrpiet,
Moynet,
A. de Berard,
Julet Noel, .
Jules Noel, .
Julet Noel, .
J. Duvaux, .
K. de Berard,
Grandsire, .
Marc, .
PAOI
625
630
633
635
636
636
641
645
648
649
653
656
657
665
667
671
673
677
684
689
696
697
701
705
707
711
720
721
726
729
736
737
741
74.)
747
753
756
757
761
764
769
773
774
781
785
797
801
805
808
809
816
817
iiil
illil
PAOI
625
630
633
635
636
636
641
645
648
649
653
656
657
665
667
671
673
677
684
689
696
697
701
705
707
711
720
721
726
729
736
737
741
74.')
747
753
756
757
761
764
76'J
773
774
781
785
797
801
805
808
809
816
817
STEEL PLATES, VOLS. I & IL
•foPPA,
Mr. Zio\,
1'ai.ekmo, ......
Statk's I'hison.s :-; Sicilv,
The Cvci.ops (Coast (jk Italv),
Cat Meiu-iiants and Tea Dealeus i.v China,
Rice Sei.lehh at ("IlI^■E^sE Militakv Station,
Calcitta — The Monsoon, ....
An Elephant ['"hiht,
Ckossinc! a Tokkent in Bootan,
A J'kimevai. Kohest, .....
.. TlMFIKH Sl.lDK, ......
Lake Kakm on- the Fkontieh,
Makl'h on Lake Chaidieue,
'The LriiHT-HorwE Thuows its Cheeukii. IJkam,
Smiohi.eks' Cave (Adhiatic Sea),
MoNTENEOlUN LaDV,
Sports ok the East— Thk Hi ntino Cheetah,
New Sktti.eus,
LiKK ON THE FnoNTlEH,
Canoe Hrii.niNii, ......
A FiusT Settlement,
Indian Sckne, ......
Cape Town, •.....,
On the Shokks ok the Black Sea,
Mohammedan Festival of the Mohurium,
ETC.,
PHOTOGRAVURES, \()L. I & IL
-.Ieu
ISALEM,
Arch of Ecce Homo
Jkiusalem,
Mosque ok Omar
SuwA Temple at Naoasaki (Japan),
An Aztec Anthjiitv, ....
A Tamholkine Girl and Dancer (Moorish),
PAGE
1
45
(58
70
74
89
15L'
'Jiil
2 -'8
-'44
L'47
3:i0
;ui
391
4.17
474
488
5:i;i
580
013
618
Ol>7
070
087
720
793
12
20
38
180
044
782
ziii.
I V
: I
?; ^
ill'
r'i
I
ALL ROUND THE WORLD:
EDITED BY W. F AINSWORTH. F.R.G.S., FS.A.
FIVE DAYS AT JERUSALEAL
i
1
j
VIEW OF JERUSALEM FROM OVER THE POOL OF HEZEKIAH.
I.— JAFFA TO JKItUSALEM.
ITe wlio would visit Jorusuliiii ariulit iimst do so
with tlie liiblf iu liis liiiiid iiiid tiiitli in lii.s iiciiit. He
imist tliidw down tlio iiiciisiiriiig rod, and lay aside tlio
liistorical dis(|uisition, wliiiu he visits the scone of Jelio-
vah's just wratli audaSaviour's iiever-endiiig uicrcy.witli
tlio liuslu'd silence of a penitent ami the reverential
enthusiasm of a iiilijrin'i. It was witli such feelings
that we tii-st fouehe<l the soil of the Holy Land, when
landing from the steamer at Jalla, and set forth on a
six hours' lide towards liamleh, the lirst stage on <iur
journey towards .lerMsalein.
Jalfa or Jo])|ia, liefore whose time stained and liattle-
worn walls we are now landing, ihrmigh a dilVieult
surf is one of the most ancient cities in tiie wi.>lil. ]t
is ln're that Noah is .said to have liuilt the ark ; here
till cedars from AFount Lelianon tor the huilding of
the Temple were landed liy Hiram, at the order of
Solomon, for conveyance to Jerusalem ; here the
j)ropliet Jonas embarked for Tareus ; hither came JSt.
vol.. I.
I Peter from I.ydda, to re-tore to life the diaritalile
Taliitha (whose dwelling may yet lie seen) ; and durin"
his residing In re, in tiie hmise of Simon the tanner,
(there is a row of tanner.^' >liops on tiie other side of
the town), it is hero that the Apostlo saw, while sleep-
ing on tile roof (just as many ot the inhaliitants are
<loingat this very moment, for the tops of these houses
are all Hat and liattlc'inenteil) the vision of tlie clean
and unclean meats; here tlii' messeiigei-s i f the Cen-
turion found the Apostle; hence he went further (Ml his
great mission to the (ieiitiles ; and tradition |Hiints to
tiie t'oiivent of till' Holy Jjind as Imilt on this ■, erv
s|iol, where Simon lived. Ihirnt hy .liidas Macc.-;lia'us,
taken hy Vespasian, Joppa was erected liy the ( 'rusaders
into a titular county, (lodfreyof I'.ouiiloii died jicre,
I as some .say, though wi' shall shortly see his tmiili
at Jeru.saleni ; and the wails of a donjon kccji,
Imilt hy St. houis, still remain : as does also, sad
and douhtthl monument! the vast inagazine or hospital
where died of the ]ilagiie, and, as scandtil says, of too
I much opium administered (iu mercy, as he alhges) by
B
i, I
AI-I. ROUND THE WOII.D.
lil
ilwir rliii'f, so iiimiy <<f tin- victoriciiis soliliiis in tlio
Kf'IX'll r\|Mi|lllii|i 111 l'"L;\|'t, Nnr liro I'lissir.ll lli'l'nrs
»':ililiiii.' Ii> till' pl.K'i' , III! il Irii niilMili'n' ilisliiliri' In
till' -.I. mil (ill imnIiiii Irnclliii^ «!■ iilliiu tliii'c iiiili-s
In ll\i' liKiir -II liii|s('"s « ilkiii:. |iiiii',^ Villi run sit nil
till' Miiiiiiiii i>r an I'liiMMiiir ;i siii;ill Mii'^r.iiliiiiin sum'
li|:irv. tlir M-iv |i|.ii I', «!• :iri' ;is-.iiiii|, win ii' I'l i-soiis.
nil 111 III rii nil till' u iiiuril IhH'm' ri>;;ilsiis Mini iiriiinl s\illi
llli> (n<i';;<iii lii'iiilrij sliii'lil nl' Mini'l'V.i. i'nlii|ilriril llli'
s<'.i iiii>n-trr Hiiil fi'si'iH'il till' r.iir Amlriiiiii'ila 'I'Ih'
llu'l. «rknnw . nrvrr nt'cuncil miiv ninii' lliali (Iw li'llnw
IlLllit lii'l«i'i'li SI <!i'nvi;i' («lin Wiis linrii ill lliis ilisll'irl)
jiiiil llii' I'r.'iijnii; Kill, iirxci'llii'lrss, Si .li'i'iinic liinisi'lt,
ill liis ('nniiiii'iilarii's, ilni's nnl ilisilain In nii'iilioii an
nril trailiiinii as I'xislini; in liis liims. A i'|,'vi'f wrilcr
Miirp'sis tlial till' lily il-i'lr«as llic AiiilinMii'ila, nml
till- sra llinll^li'r tile riinliiriall |>irMlrs. |lii> w in^i'ij
lini>i' ln'iiij; till" UcMii Aralis, « Im \.,-w invilnl to iiri'
riMiio.
The lnwn i'*rliarinini:ly siliialril nii a liill i'nniiii;;i|i>w ii
t > itir --liiili'. willi llii' sra mi llii' «i".t, miiJ iit'aiilil'iil
fl.irilriis '111 iIm' I'asl. Tlir l,'.iii|i ii'- m .l.ill i air rsliniitiil
ill Kill- liiiliilli'il illiil lil'tx, ill mil' Imiiilri'il nf wliiili
all' I n-;!' | Is. rmislaiilly sii|i|i|ic' 1 iVmii sliall.nv wclis,
wliiii'w nil all till' Irri's. as wrll as vi'mlaMcs, ai'r
<liil\ wati'ii'il. Tlic I'ilinti. manu'i' (Imili iVilil ami
lilnssnlll nil tlli< tl'if, t'nl' il is A|>lll). tile li'Minll, lll|i
l>aii Ilia, aiiil till' |ialni, Hillstrmi^lv ini|iri'ss ymi «illi
till' ii'itinii nl' ti'ii|iiial si'i'iirry , Imt llii' a|i|ili's, pcai's,
aiiil •|iiiiii'i's. i'\in I lit' niiillii ri\ (iri's, will rmniml ynii
nl I •rxniisliifo. Frast vmii I'vis ii|imi lliis \iri|iiii'.
mill tin'si" nr.liai'ils, ami ili'-r |imiiri,'raiiali's. L;ni"l
I'llarilil ! I'nr Mill will -.m' linwlicu' mliiiii sih'Ii liiMl
riaiil \i'i;i't;ttinn until \mi narli llu' N'allcv nf llic
•Im.l.iii ' . ■
I'ass tlirniigli till' nun nnlv irali' InnliliiLr Inwanls
•li'i ilvili'lii, :iml lintii'i' llir \i>i'l sp.ii' Ural' it. aiiil
linxv till' |ii'.i|iln yatlnr lliiii- ^ nil |ii'n'i'i\i' llin
pnMrnnr :ii i| llu> jiiili;!' arn luaiiiij; i a-ns iIhti', jiisl
as Villi rcail nt' tlm-n scitcil at tlin i^atc in llin S('ri|i
I Ill's. Xnvv ail' wn in llm n|i('ii i niiiitr.v — in llin
\i'rv I'lsi'ft nt' Ki;V|it-l'nr all almi,;; tliisjiart nf llif
I'na^t till' s,iiiil lilnHs in I'lciiii ill,' sea. ami ilrslrnys tllc
li.'iliii.il f. rtility nf the sml. wntcri'il a-- it i'i liy iiiaiiy
jitii'aiii- iinw liiilili n in niinuic pi rn laiinns 'I'licy
^^^y lii.s nhuI is liiniii;ht iiji liy tlic nnrllinrn iiiiri'iit
* KuM'iini'-.il wnli'tn ili'rivt' tlii' iiiiiiii' I'f iTo]i|i!i frnni .Ttiplii't,
wllilr til' r\i**.ii-;ll ci'-V'^*'!''"'**" l"''fl''' it to Inpi'. iliniulai'f "f .Mi'llis,
aiul llii\ iir^ni' liiiit suili :i tnriii ot' tlir ^xuril ln>I suits tin-
rii.i'tiii'iini i-ri^iiKil. wliiili siL'iiilii's " an I'lmiii'iii'i'. ' .li'pjtii i-xislril
wlull the IsRulltisi iiivMiliil tin- I. mil of I'lliiaMli, ;iliil is iiiriitioiiiil
a« Kiiic till llu' Imnlor of tlio tiilv of Uaii (.losliiia, xix. till.
It n:i> tin- o' U l>'rt |>iis.s<'ssi'il l\v tlir Isniolilis till lli'i'isl toniH'il
till" liarNmr ot I'a'siin-a. .MtliouL'li tlu' |'oit is liail aiuli'von iliiii'
pTtxiis. .lojipa lins N'tii t'piiii tlu' tirst I'rusaiii' ilowti to our own
iLi\ tlu' Isiulii jj'l.n'i' of pilgrims piiii^ to .K'nisali'iii. I'lii'ii' is
still an 1 1'spital for pi criiiis till ro. lii'i'i'irili'iit on tlio ("onvonl of
^'an Siiliail.T in ili-nisiilm'. aiul iHiiipinl liv S]i:iiiisli iiioiiKs. Tin'
oiiiiiu-nii- or proinontitr.v on wliirli tlo]>]ia is Iniilt, is pioiiir. sipii'lv
cr«milb\ a i-.isllo. tlu' town its<Ililiiilly (iicis tin' nor li ; ami
till- liirKliii;:* apji-ar, ln>ni tin- sit* ;tui'ss of tin' site, as it'stainlin^
U)»'ii oiH' aiiotluT. Tlie must pioniamt Iratuns of llu' ai'iliiti'i'-
tiiu- t'rom without are tlii' llitli'iuil ilonu's 1>\- wliiili most nf tin'
biiililiiiiT* arr suniiounti'il, anil t:;i' ajipoaraiu'c oi ari'Iu'il vaults.
Vroni tin' stMpiu^ss of tlio >\u\ niaiiv ol tlu' strii-ts art' ooiiiifrtcil
I'v tliirl.ts . f s'ij>«, ami tlu- nni' that runs aloii;: the sea-wall is the
ino-t eleau an.) r< jnlar of tlie whole. There are three niesipies,
a'l'i llre»-k am! .Vrir.er.iau eonveiits, as well as tlie Ijatiii one.
N-i aueieT.l ru'r.s reiimiii iu a plaee so Iretiuentl.v ^lestl•o^e^l in war.
T lit- il.i. f Miiiinif:»cturv is snftp. ami the iiilial'itanis are i*aiil not
to ivctt'O 4,0U0, of whom one-unirth are rivJioiu\l to lM>tTiriiitiau8.
I nf llii> Niio. Il may I'O hcimi in t)ii> Hiiy of Acrn,
lii'^iiis ii;;aili all 'ii'saina, -niilli nf.lallii, passi's Askalnii
'ami lia/a, ami lulls on in ili'snlalin^ wiivi.s In tint
(ilnat hrsi'il ilnit lii's lii'l wrnii .\ialiiaaml AlVieil.
Wati'f vmir Imrsi', lii'l'me stall mo, at lliis nnlilo Sata-
I'oiiii' fniinlain, willi its I'li't^aiilly nriiaini'iileil innf
siip|ini'li'i| nil siv pillai's. Il is llio mnsl lu'iiiililiil
nliji'i'l in till' plai'i' ; llin rmiils ami niiiiai'riH tliaf
siii'i'niiml il, llin Aral) iiierilianls, ntnl llit- liiisy
|ii'n|ili', always almiil, raiimil fail In iMi|>ri'ss ii|inii
yniii' iiiimi a ri'inlli'ilinn nf w lial .Vrali life liiiisl liavn
lii'nii H linn till' Mnni'M wi'if a o|',i,||. ami civilizctl
pi'iipli'.
I sen you I iki" mil your pislnlM ami ('xmniiin tlio
|ii'iniini;. If nvi'i- vnii wish In \ir i-nlilinil xvliili- t.iiu
M'lliii.o ill till' i'l.isl. ynii slimilil lai'iy arms. Tliny aro
till' arlii'li's mnsl envi'li'ii Ky wiM penpln ; cmisi'iini'iitly,
I III' o|'|ij|||isl li'iiiplalimi vnii eiii nHi'r lliiiii : lliey will
roll ynii l'..rymir ainis, .iml rvnii iiiiirilci' ymi- l''i'niii
.lalDi In .Il Tiisali'iii, vmi arn, nllmrwisi', as sain as lin-
Iwinii l.nmlnii ami riiriiiinoliaiii. Vmi liirn a lini^n
man ami ImiM's. ami plain ymirsnlf in liis ciislnily iif
alimil a pmiml ;i iImv. if Inr a Imii; jniiriiry ; just ns in
fmnii'i' linins imn liim,! post limsns, ami Innk a j;iiiili
llliniiyli llii' Lake hisliii'Is. 'I'liey will ask ymitnliavn
a Ljtiaf'l, lull vmi iiiiolit .is well walk almio ||in Slraml,
nr any nllinrliioli siinnt.al nnnmlay, willi a pnlii'i'iiiaii
In lakn rati' nf ynii. Tilt' licsl fi'ii'iids fnr ji vnyai;n
tlii'iitluli tlin llnly l,ainl, nir a piinsl nl' a nlnri;yiiian :
tlinsc wlin .ill' kiinwii mily fn iln unnil ai'i' ovi'iy wlit'in
rt'spi'elril.
I'assino tlii-mii;li tlm ^rei'ii fmnsl nf liaiilniiM, ami,
ihi'iii'i'. tliiniiyli lliii'ki'ls nl I'ai'liis, vvn I'miin mil at. last,
iipmi a wiiln sin'i'ailini; plain, iml a Hal ilcaii Invi'l,
lull swi'lliiio with oi'iilln iimliilaliniis, lisiin; into Inli^
saiiily iiiloi's, iVnni wliinli (H'easinnally slnpn tip rocky
niniinils ami liills. 'I'lin ilay is Iml, llimiuli tlir sun lias
iinf Imiv; 1 ;i up: tin' leal is lianlly lu'.iralilc, llio
vapniir list's sli'.iiiiiiiLj iVmii tlm samls, ami nut upon
llin lionzmi is tlm iiiiiaL;!'— llin pliaiilmii if a lako I
] Ymt am iinw in tlm laml nf l>aii. 'I'lif pnasanf of
j Sliai'nli llie valley nl wliit'li is liaiil liy Imafs, as ynii
I may sen, tlm Kovptn .\lrieaii eliaiaeti'lislins of tlial
I vaen. Oiii' inatl is Iniinly, Kill linw pielurnsipii' lilt-
few vvn iiift'l. ! Tlic faiiii'l. with a lairlhcn scnniiiio|y
I iaroci' iliaii hiiusclf ; the slow, ht'.ivy. ilnw n Innkiii;;
.It'w ; the haiioliiy Turk ; the slcmlci', swaithy, inii.scu
' iar, .itlie limlietl peasant- the women, lirariiij; jars of
■ watei' mi limit' lic.nls !
Il.iviiio t'aily in niir jminicy passcil a fmintain in
1 the .Mnnrisli style, suri'iiiimlcil liy eypiesses anil am'ii:iit
I syeanimi's, the jiimis eri'i'tinn nf tlm ijnnil .Mm Nahhlit,
I a foinier unvniiiot' nf .latDi, we leaeheil a villaf^f ealitMl
I Yaziiii, sitnati'il tn the left nf the way, on ii mount
all i;reen with };anleiis; for wherever I hero is water
here, there is venliii'e, ami, wlierever e.-ire i.s taken,
i'\ eiywhei'i' llieii' is water. This villai;e marks the tirst
limir nf the ilislaliee ( )n the right slaliils ii sepul-
ehral eliapil. siiirniimli'il liy nine eitpola.s, on (lie rio|i(,
as;aiii, of whieli is ,i eistern nr fountain with a narrow
mmitli, wlieretipnii rests a jar from wliieli the thirsty
wayliirer may ipieiii'li his thirst. Tliis is ealletl the
" Kmintain of the I'laiie tree." The elia|)<il mark.s,
so says tr.itlitinn, the toiiili of the I'ropliet Gail — (iiiil,
the Seer, — at whose instaiiee, as we reail (- Samuel
.\.\iv. IS), l>aviil luiii'^ht frniii Araunali the Jelmsitc
the area (now known lus Aloiiah) uii whieli the temple
wius aftt'i'wanJs built, — uot the I'itriaicli (.iuil. lis it is
FIVK DAYS AT JKUnSAM'.M.
llM'kv
nil h.\x
>)(-. till)
lljlOII
liiko !
ISIllll of
IS you
)f lliiil
|iii' till'
iiiiii^ity
l.M,kiii;,'
IIIIISC'II
jiiis of
tiiiii in
mi"ii;iit
abliiit,
oillod
mount
water
tiiki'ii,
lii> first
Kl'|iul-
i' liuht,
iiiiirow
tliirsty
0(1 till'
niiii'ks,
Uail.
Samuel
Imsitc
[tcin|)le
in it is
ir>{"''''i •"!• till' MOIlM of .1 isc|ili 111! ijirii ill 111"' lllMll of
l'4;v|''. ■ mill's^, ii'< u pioiin wntiT sM^L;i"'ts, llii> lioilirs
(il nil till' |iil(liilli'llH Will' i'lllllilllll''i|. IIH W.is (•\|ilr-<-<ly
llil (ll'cl to III' ill III' V, II II llliisi' III' .lill'oll mill .ll'^l'pll,
,iiiil lriiMS|ioi'lri| III till' I, mil III rroiiiisi' ; ii Nii|i|iiisit imi
stri'iixllii'iii'il liy (III' I 11 I llial llii' |iiiiUH M uv<iiliiiiiii
|ioiiils lilt, Mliiiiit nil liour'H ilistiniri' I'loiii llir Iniiili of
(lail, III!' toiiili of Ni'lii lliilii'ii, till- Holy Siiiiit or
rMli'iiiivli ISi'iilii'ii.
'I'liUH MuriiiiNiiij^, \vi' slowly jo;; mi for iiiiollicr liiilf
llollr, mil II \Vi' ti'llcll II Klovr of olivi'l, |ilillllril ill l|llill
riiiixi'M, iiml a |ilaiilalion of iiiiillii'i ry lii'i's llir
rriiiaiiis of an i'iilir|iiisi' of iTilaiii T'li'inli H|ii'riilatiirs
ill till' I Till rrlitiliy, illlili'llaki'li at llif liisl i;,',itlo'i ol
Collii'il. Yon must mil fill In |iirliin' to yoiirsill
liow, wlii'M till' I M 11 ii'iiliiry was iii its |iiiuii', tlirsi'
olivi'S ami llu'so luiillii'iry Irris alforili'il a t;ralrl'iil
sliaili' to l>iiiia|iai'ti' ami liis slalf, wlm rami' tliiis far
S\iia. till' Iraili' from I'l'mia ami tiiilia rami' inl.iiiil
liV liiii^'ilail aii'l I 'iiiiia I'li'i in raiav iim, ami, llirii,
Italiili'li «a. a ,l"|i|ilii'.; |ilaii', lliiiri' its liiriir
kliaii' or ojirii Mill . Ill \aiils ami slori'lioiisi's fur
IraM'llrrs ami miii liamli/i'. I,iir;;i' Imiisrs air mimr
rolls, ami llirii' i< a linrk ami A iiin'oian naiMiil, aa
wril a till' mil' of wliosi' lio?,|ii(alily sm' nir imw |iar
lakili;;. I'lUl llir sIii'i'Im iiIi' liairow ami rioolinl, as
wi'll for sali'ly ami ili'li'iiri' as for sliinli'. 'I'Ih' :i|uari'
liiwor 111 till' rii^lil of till' mail is known as " 'I'Ih'
'I'liwi'i- III till' l''orly Martyrs. " ll linnis a |ioilliiii ul
an "ilil I'linirli Iniill liy lln' < 'i ii^ailiiiL; 'l'iin|ilars, In
liiiiiiiiir of till' sai'i'iil irlii - ol fully -.olillii^ niiirili'i'i'il
in Armi'iiia. Wlial is now llii' niosi|iii' wiiliin llii'
walls you si'i' its niinari't lii'twri'ii llio |iiilin Irrri lo
llir li'lt as yiiii ruiiii' ii|i llii' luwii \sas uni'i' an
(■slalilisliminl ul llir Kni'^'lils uf ,St, .loliu. I I'l i,-
asrrml llir luwi'i ami '^a/.u from llii-i aih aiiLi^^'iuiis sjiul
nil llii'ir wiy lowarils .liiusalii i Tin' iniiHiirrii's i ovrr I lii' lir .1 usIi'IisIm' virw of I hr lluly l,aml, ami lis
lii'ii' iirr 1,'row "'. for ilinr iriiil, ami not fur (lie silk |ilia,anl |ilaiis, llial \\v liavr Iiitii iiMi' In olilaln.
woriii. Wi' ail' too I'arlv for llirir fruit, wliirli iloi's 'I'lii' jilain ol .sjiarou s|iii'ail.s liii;;lil. fi'ilili', aial lioaiili
not rijii'ii until May, ami is viry sharp, ami in llaviinr fill liilori' iis from IIh' ilaik inoiinlains ul .Imlia I
Samaria lu tlm .la, ,iml fruin lluly <<'ai'iiM'l In llii'
liki' nil ovrr;,'riiwn lilaikliriry To tin' ll'^lil of tin'
mail if sua riiini'l jiiilli or lioisi' Irark li ' rlL;lilly i'iiIIimI
half hiililrn in tin' i,'ii'y liiliaL;r of llnsi' ullvi' Iri'i's,
samly ili'snt. uf I'lilh.lia. Srr Ihi' wliii.' vlljai^i';,
(^lilli'iln;,' ill I III' nil, a lull ^ I hr nianv ili'iliv iilrs ul I lii.
lit iilioilt II mill' ilislalirr, lirs llio \illa','i' ul I'li'll | niuiililains. .Sir iIh' uaviiii,' I'urn, tin- liai liy alna'lv
hi'i'^jan. I'miioilliri' this, as ilu llir l';i,'y|ilian>, lii-il < in lliorar ami ii|ir lur harvril; llio laavy rru|., ul'
l>,i;,'aii, ami you will liavi (for /liit, or /I'l/i, nioaiis wjiral, liili a, l,iiiiuln,|ilii'. \uiii|ir llir lii|,liii,l
liiiusi' or |ilari' lii'lon;;in;,' to) till' lloiisi' 111 I tii,'iin, that ' walkim,' lii'lin hi, lluc-ks, as (hry rilnni IVI klni,' i.i
i;ri'al iilol of till' riiillsliiii's. who riinlil iiul I'mlnri' I ho I llii'ir folils ; Ilii- ri'a|ii'i' ii'liirnin;; IVuni his lull In
|iru\lniily of till' Ark of llio l,ori|. U'r air noar to ' .sum r you wuulil sit hills of ^raii ami llio I lira-.liiii^'
.Ashilml -whi'i-i' I 111' ra|iluiril ark was ili'|io..|ii'i| lii'liiii' lluurs ami llio ii\rn ilrlviiii; tlii' niai'liini's (" I ho m
I la;,'oii ami triuni|ilii'il ovrr t lir iilul ami iml farlhor
than an Imiir Imin ( iaili.
sliaiji I hrashlii'^' Inslrnniinl haviiiL; li'ol h" i I aiali .xli.,
jri) ovi-r llir lirni--iil ;,'rain. lint unr huisr, await lis
I'assiiii,' Siiia|ii'ml, a |iiiiir \illa','i', ami its rililious [ iil llio ruiiMiil ljiIo ol Ihr ^'uuil I'Vaiii'L^raiis. 'I'liry
ai|iii'lui'l, aliiiiil a niuskrl slml In llir rit,'lit, wlirrr llir I liavr rr'ailll llir ulil huii r riillnly, all lull mi" ruuni,
|irii|ilii'l •Imias is s.iiil In hr liiirlnl a liirt wliirli llir
|iious .Mu.ssiilni.'ins il|s|iuli. whin lliryslmw his Imiili at
Ninrvrh -wi'i'iiinr ill sii^lil uf I lir wislinl fur liiwrr ami
wlii'l'i' r>iina|r I'll' .slrjil w hrii I unsliliilnl Itaiiilrh
his lii'ail i|Uarlrrs. ,\ul IiIiil; t linrluir rniialns uf llir
illsr of .liisl'jih of A I'inial lira, rM-rpt, only ijjii ,-.il(!
minarrts of lianilrh, llir Arinialhca uf Ihr Si'ri|iliirrs, ! un wliirli wr arr now slamlin
risin;; u|i fmni a wimil of ulivr trrrs, wliuso trunks i;rr
nliout. as lliiik as tliosr uf |iiillaril oaks. 'I'lm naiiii'
now ;{ivi'ii iiii|ilii's Ihr I'ily of llir Saml. It is, inilrril
a. I'ity of iliist anil ashrs, for thr iminmlM of firry
ruhliisli that lir alimit in Ihr narrow, rmokril strri'ts,
art' till' ilrii'il hrs of suap farturii'S, ami the slif^hlrst
wimi liliiws thrill alimit, so nimh su as to lilimi a larf^r
|iriipmtion of thr |)ii|iulatimi. Wr haslrii to thr Latin
('mivi'iit, a larfjr liiiihlin;; wiillnl rmiml for sali'ty, lis
arr all I'mivrnts in thr rast. 'riirri' wr tiiiil shrltrr
iiml rrlVrshmrlit, I hanking;, thi'ri'U|iiin, thr ^{ooilnrss
'I'lir joiirmy arriiss ihr frilllr |il,iin uf IIjimIi'L is
ll|i|irrssi\l'. 'I'llrrr Is ,| ...irurru 111 Ihr ijillrl dr.- Iir.il,
kiml ; uiir vrry rjul Ins arr iliy ami hul. i' i-. llir
smilli wimI uf .lull (.'ix.wii. I") lli.it " i|iiirli-i K i!i,-
rarlli." Thr liirils liavr .smi;;ht llir .,|iaili'. T'lrM'iv
air is wrak ami laii;;iiii| with liral. .\ n liuiir.iiio m'li.iil'
III innsustii l!rrra(llirili'srrt)a imiilrin \ lllai;r, ;m li: rnli i.^
nil nirlmil'irs. An hour flirlhi'i' ami wr rrarh a s|iul.
wlirrr a \ illaL;r llrstlr.s. ( )ll thr hit ihrr.irtllsllrllL'rsslluW
Ihr ilrrli\ ily uf llir llr^t ri|i|ih.' in wliirli liir plain
lii'i^ins lu a-rrml luwanls Ihr niminijih:. 'I'lii.s is
uf I'hilip thr ( ■ 1, hnkr of l!iiri;u' ily, who fmimlnl Kiiliali, ur llir I'lly uf IJuast .Mr,,;, ,ilir !■ I. or
it, as wrll as till' kimlnrss ui' thr vrnrralilr liruthrrs fri//lril klilliulis, as Ihr Krili^h traM'llrr will I;nows,
wllu oll'rri'il us thr wrli'miir solarr of so r.xi'rllriit a i lirinn small pirrrs of mrit maslnl mi ii skrwrr, lln;
vi'past. How ilrlii'iiius thr shrllrr fmni thr sun with only roast in ihr Turkish mukirv Imiiks), i.ni! in this
which this pillarril rurriiloi' pro\ iilrs us 1 How cool ' \ illai^r wr liri^lii, for llir liist llinr, lu n.'rl with
this slmir lloor ; Imw rlran that wliilrwashril, arilinl riimlni.si'rnrrs of Sainsun, wliu^i'lihih plar. .\s|ii|ui|,
roof with its fi'rsi'ors of St. .losrpli ' lliiw ;;ratrliil is not f ir ili-lanl. Thr Aiali- lia\ r a cm iu ; , h ',;ri|il
till- look out fmni thr cloistrrs into thr ;;,iiilrns, that i about this plan;,
palin tier's sliiulr, anil that lar-sprcailin;;, thiik Iravn
vine!
Kiimlrli is a town of .smnr siw, ami has ,'!. 1)0(1 ' Malik ; tlial Kanmli iiml K.inili'li liavr nnt tlir n-nnn siirnil'ii'
ililialiitant.s.1 NVlirn thr piratrs of thr Mi'ilili'rrani'aii i !'"'".'''! """I'''>''" a ptii", "liil" l:a"':ili imiili.". u l.ma lilll,
,,,.,, 1 '. . !■ 1 1 , ,. i liat it lias lii'i'ii iisllv ii-iiiark'cl lluit. .Miii.li'ila s st.ili'iiii'ul, iiiav
hunti'd out Ihr mrl'i'liallts .ships iilmi- thr sra coitst of ' „„,,„, „„ ,„„re M„„-,l,at Salainiaa nliiiill llir ti.wii. nn.l wilii
ri'i.'ai'l to till- Tiaiiiii it caiiiint. lie issuiiicl thai Hi'lin-w pitptT
' I'roti'ssor Kaliiiisaii ilis|iiiti'S llii' iilnitity nt Ilaailili witli naiiii'S wiir aUvavs so ^i_'l^t:l■.lllt. Inili'i'il it is (.'iiii'ially mlinit h'l
AriiniitliL'ii. '* ii rity uf thr .Ii'us " arroriiiii;: In Laiir, 'in tin- timt I>r. U"lii'tts'»ii's '.lijcrtiua-i It ivi- nut ilt-struyiMl I'llhrr tin;
(rmuiiils tliat Aliiill'i'ila iilli');i'<i ltainli;li In liavr hnn Imilt al'liT tlir tniililiuii, ur tin' i;i'"aMiU tiir fallow in^' lln' ii«ii;il cuarse of dcsirib-
tiiiii; uf M iiliaiiiiuiul, ur ubuut A. u. 710, liv Salaiiiiaii Al) 1-ul- ini; Kaiiilrli a.i n prcsi iiliiiu' lliu itiicieiit Ariiaatliea.
#
,-»)»»« ■ . » r
ALI> ROUND
Ill llu' Icjieinl icI'iM led 1(1, it is imt ililliciilt lo detect
;iii Aiali vciiiiiiisci'iii't' of SaiiipsonV .'iiM) t'uxi's, with
Inrclii's to tlii'ir tails, liy iiu'mus of whicli li'' rfv<'in,'rd
hiiiisi'lf U|Hiii till' riiilistiiii's (.ludiji's xv. t, .")). ANnii;
iiy the smitli-wc-'tci'ii side tin' siu]i(' is |)i( rifd with
.■JiibtiTiiitiiMii uiii^.iziiii's tor Jjriiiii, iiiid tlic^ iiuiiiciinis
openiiijjs, iiivc wrll-lioios, IratliiiL; to tliom aic dau-
^jii'ous traps fur liniscs. We next reaeli Aiiiwas or
Kiiiiiiaus, " Hot liatlis," also ealleil Nieopolis, Imt not
tlie Kiiunaiis of Luke (xxiv. l.'!|, wliere ( )iir Saviour
met liis di>eiples ju tlieir diseoiisnlMle walk at'ler his
orueilixinii. 'I'liis is I's miles fiom .lerusilriii. and the
diseipU's could seaively have walkeil (hen- and hack lo
Jerusalem the same ilay, espeei.diy as ■■ the day was
t'av spent" lietore they "sat down to meat.''
The eounlry now is lu'okeu up, ami the mountains
u'ladually rise in front of us, AVe are last a^ceiidiui;.
The roail liejiins to he ruj;;;ed, and uradiialiy narrows
into a iiu'iv valley, tlu'ii to a defile.
Two miles south of Amwas or Kmmaus we eome
U|ion l-alrun, or the 'J"ow ii of the 'I'liief, situate on a
•■ouieal mound, commaiidiui; a wide jirospeet, ami
crowned with the ruins ola laii^ealiil strong fortress —
from wliieh Jallii and the Miditemnean eaii l)e .seen.
It wa'* H strong niililaiy po-t in the old time, enm-
mandiiii; the road from .leiu>aleni to the si'a. It i.--
oalled the t'astle of Hiiimaiisliy St. .lerome, and after-
wards the (".otle of the (luod Thief Here is the
leirend It is here the g'lod thief was liorn and dwelt,
and made his living, like the Imrons of the Khiiie, liy
rohliing tlie passengers up the \allev (Wady Aly) le.id-
mg to .lerusalem. One day, the Ilnly Family, while
|ias^ing this way in their llight into Kgypt. were stopped
liere liy this thief and his eomii.,uions, ainl recpiired to
pay a ransom. ])imas, tor sueli was the good thief's
name, was so touehed liy the graee of the Divine
Infant, that he proteeted the Holy f'liild from the
lirutality of his aeeoinpliee ; to whieli gootl inspiration
IS attriljuted, liy tradition, the speeial fa\our of that
thief's eonversion at the moment of his expiring upon
the C'ld.ss, while the other died in iin[ieiiitenee to the
lil-St.
Thin also, is the site of tlie Mudin of the M.iecabees:
THE WORLD.
it is liere that .'iidas MnornliPils eoni|Uereil fJorgiuH,
tiie lieiiten.inl of .NiiMnor(i. .Maiealnus, iv., ;t). Heri',
too, the (,'rioadeis had a eamp, and here wa.s the last
aiKanee post of our own liieh.ird ( '(lair de I. ion. He
eanie no ne irerto.lernsideiM, Imt ii'turnedio Keeaptureil
on his roiid lioiMi', .\ little to the rii^dil lies a village,
where the Tomli of Sam-on was said lo ha\e lii'eii, hut
i.s not. h lay liel ween /oiiih and Kshtaol. The site
remains, as do the ripeiiin:,' (ields of eoin, and the
nolile foiinlain from whieli the women — us oft diil the
mother of Saiii-on —may. even now. lie seen eomingwith
their full pili'hers lialamed on tlii'ir heads,
lieliirniie,' to the io,id,a short half hour lirings • s u|ito
the "Well of .loll," (.\yiiali) a deep fountain, or shallow
well, iiliout liM'j'eet ill diaiiieteraiid six Ivet ill depth, eon
tainiiin alioiil three or t'oiir feet of wati'r, liy no means
tempting to the .(i;;hl or taste. This is eonsiderecl the
half way lietweer .jalfa and .lerusalem. W<! are now
follow in ^' the itiiieriliT of the .\rk, wliieh, when restored
liy the rhill.--tiiie- *' oiii I'lkroii, was taken liy the iiii-
lii'okeii and iiii<,'ui(Ied kine. harnessed to the eart eontain-
iiig it,arros> the pl.nii to I'lethshemesli (1 Sum. vi , 10, 1 J),
wheliee the 'enilied inhaliitallts eonveyed it to Kir-
jalh jeaiim. The stones liy the well lieside whieh
we are now standing, are rei'arded ^y the Jewish
pilgrims as marking the threshing Hoe of Joshua of
liethshemesli, where the Ark tirst halteii. The
streamlet tlowing from this well now waters a Held of
gourds. This is .Slid to lie the lioundary of the trilies
of Kphraim and ISenjamin, — the well ami water.s of
Nephtoali marked down liy.fo>hua (xviii., l."!).
Heiiee we follow a iiariow valley, harreii and roeky,
into whieh numerous other minor valleys trend.
The road is everywhere roeky, and strewed with
stones that enilanger our horses" linilis, and plough up
with deep ravines a mass of eolossal stones, heajieil U|)
oil eaeli other as if liv some niiglity Titanie ma.sonry.
The seeiie is one of dreariness iind desolation. We
have lieen three-ipiarters ot'.in hour in this ravine, and
now the road opens, the valley lieeonies le.ss abrupt, and
we find oursehcs iu a kind of h.iMii amongst the roeks,
under a green eliim[) of oaks — a delicious retreat
and haltini: plaee for refreshment. A ruined kiosk
stands near this t'ountain : this is tlio tomb of the
Iniaiii Aly, from whom the valley takes its name.
J
f
• /
f
.i*.
LfOOA.
FIVK DAYS AT .IKFU'SALKM.
11. ■!•.■,
lif last
I. He
)it\iri"il
.'II, liiit
III' site
illil (111'
>li.l llii<
iij^willi
■ S ll|ltll
.-liiillow
illi.i'i'ii
I incalis
ml tli<'
lll'f IlllW
I'Cltlll'I'll
the III!
(.'oiitiiin-
..lo.i-.'),
to Kif-
!(■ wliii'li
. Jewish
(ishilik >>f
,1. The
I liel.1 of
lie tvilies
«atel!( of
)•
ml rocky,
vs tveiiil.
Ai'il with
iliiUL;h up
(■iipeii up
luiisonry.
mil. W«
iviiie, and
inipt, iiiid
ihu riieks,
ret rent
led kiosk
) of llio
its name.
M'
I
RAMA lARlMATHEA).
l-V;^;:!
^A
;*^"*
wiiidows — a .striiii^i' liiixtiire of the ('ni-iiders' lime,
ilrdhaled to llie I'mi lids, iilel imw m sliil'le,— ii.s IVoiii
ils iiKiral resemlilaiire to A ii .1 l"illi, the iiioiinil'ill
.scene of " .IriTiiiiair.s lnmi'iilal i.'ii-.." Tweiit y-oiii)
years ii^o the .\liii-( iliii^li nf lli.il prriiMl ciiiiiiiifiiided
l(i,(M)(l ,\ralis, ami ii'lielleil iiu'iinst iiis soverei;,'!!
liiim Iiaiiih h tn .It riis.ilcin, and finm llclniiii to the
nouiitaiiis of .liiiclio 'ilfcre are stid sixty or seventy
uieiiiliers of this family reinainint;, liiil the Turkish
i;overiimi".it tiiok tin in in hand in ISI<1, .sii/rd the
^..s» rffl..,^, . _- 1 Lilanil drlim|iielit>, and sent them to ( iiiistanliiiople.
lifc' *.' jf" '-■'**'''' '^oiiii' (if llic-r dii'd in I'liiiher liani^limeiit ; one only
has returned, aiN-r ye:irs ul' I'Viialrialinii, tn private
life and painful le^pci-t for oihcr | pie's purses, ,i
^.uldeiied and an hniie^t man. Seme day ere hin;{,
10
,(«K<^r^. W ■ ' ii ;^ I II [E perhaps, tlnie may he an Ahii (iliiish limirinij at tin
»Ii*">^ *'^' Miifi I N '""id of a prii>peetiis tiir the mercmtile develnpinent
B^, f the Hilly Land liy .i railway troiii Jalla In liaiidi h,
•^ with lir.im'his Id Jern.sileiii and I).iniasens Mn.ii
now tlie Weill Idi'st of the family i> l:iri;ely inleresied in
' ' -niip hnililij;, W llieh (tell it Hot ill ( i ith I is, l|iiW-a-ll lys,
>nu of the priiii'ipal .iinl must lli>ni'i.-.|iiu;; mannlaeliin s
>f the eities '.'f I'.iK'^i inc.
Tills KirjatlijiMiiiii i> iiin-t piiilialil\ f!iiimaiis, uhi-ie
■ nr i^avloiir lirnke hiei d with the dlM'iple.-. (I,ulve
\xiv. ;ilt).' It is just three hours' ride fmni this plaeit to
KIRJATHJEARIM leiiiNMleiii, down hy a lolli;' ile>i'ellt to Kilstnl, a ruined
I'nrtupon a hill — wlieiiee may lie seen, lii^di nn a liill-
liip, and lieiiiliiiL,' over the vallev nf tliet Jil iiile>, Nehi
Passing' (lie kiu.sk, we pii.sh our hoise.s up to the Sunmel, the (omh of the proplat Saninel. siid to he tlio
culininiitini; point of the valley hy a .steep ami rn-i;'ii It.iniali,— in llehrew,"a.s.semhly plaee"- ollhat I'lophet.
path, out ihroii^lielnmpsot eaitils. aliioni; huge l,uiildei> .\tter tlil> we hiive a steep de.^•ellt and a -lipperv path
.s(_-tiUereil over tl'.e loeky .sides. ,<till |■i>in^' upon the down to ( 'ohinia. It wa> here, in all proh.'ihility, that
ridire we . -01111' to the thicket of olives, wherein lies all I b'/.za put hi> hand upon the Ark, liir the steep is
uneieiit desolaie villaL;i'. Siris, hv wliirli the Ark of
tlelimah pa.s.sed over to Kirjathjearim, and where
J^ivid is .said to have taken rerii,;;e lioiii the wrath ol
Saul. Another hour, over an undnlatiiij.' road, always
rising — lor we must reach to i'liU two tliousund leet
' Kii'j:illi-nariiii si;.'iiiru'il "City ol l'"ijri>ts." 'Ihe fir«t p.irt
at till' iiiiiiii' A'(oy/'"/-fi-l'.imlj, sii:iii(ios, like Kirjutli, "eity" etily,
"jiiirim," turi'sl!*, lias liteii rir.iiiyiii to "I'lial)," i.'i':ipis. So cliwo
:i iuirr>|iiiiiiliii<',. ui' ii;iii!i. mill |iiKiiiim sei'ius In jii^iily Ih, Itoliiu-
auu'b ci*iK'lu.->ioiib 111 tuvuiir of till.' iiji'ntity ot" tliu twu.
ALL ROUNK TIIK WoRLD.
tdi'kv iiihl .Ivnidt'iil (or II I'lirt : jiimI d.. ,■ ,ii ImimI Imiv. , II nVKI! .II'.I! I'^AI.I'.M.
'';• ;' "• »•;'•<■<'"• ^i'v" '''/i'" 'i'" i.i,,..- n,,..,. ,,i' .1,,,, -,,, „,,,;,,„ii„, m| ;.MHiiiis- /i ,,.1 Ami
Ni.rlhmali.l iIh. h..M>r ,.l ( )lir, ..!..,„ \l C.l ,, »r ,„, ,|„. „,,, y,,„.|,,,, , „ i, |, 0|,|„ 1) nil llir kuuiIi, ;.ml
■^'"1"' ''•» ';■■'• '"'■;'-"';'"■ ""■-'■-■""I '■vnnnir ll,.' |.,,,i„.„l;. m, il„. nuitl,; .{..li,,. .1 ..ii thnv hmI,.. I.v .l.vi.
-• I'l'i'luv, Willi loUM.I uivli,ll„.|„i-rnMMs,,vhl..iillN ^,,11,,,,,, ,,.,vi,„.s -.|,.|i,«lm|,li;,l, IliiiM. ninKiilinn;
rxt,..,,linu, lIlMl.lr |.n,,|. n.Mln.l.l''ll« l-Mlllallls. ||„.„. .,,„, •,,„ ,,,,„„|,,,. 1,, ,j ,1,,,,,, ,|,,,i|,, ,|„, TVIUIMIUM, or
Mivili.. «M,k,ol ll;„ln,,M til,. lM,i|uior. I ,.M,vloi«nnl Sin, I ol' tl„. ( •|w..s,'.i,ioni."'rH, roimiii- wiml' wns om.m, it,s
III.' piilli \Mii,U il|, II n;,1,;v 1111,1 sl,y|, IllIN, oN,.r a ,„^,|„ .,,,,,.,, ,|ivj,|i„j, tlir TriMl,!,' tV,,lii Xioll i- nisilv
wi.M,. ,il liivaiA r,,.'Ls. In, l,.i|.,. ;,i„l «,;,i> pii^Ni-,' |„vl„.i„l,.,| „| „ miihIo ^li ''.in il^ ^1 -I liLili-
I'"-'' "'' 1""'^ l"l' •''■ni>:i ,'lii. I'lil Ml ^alll. ivis |, „„,■,-. I'n.l.i alli,,,,! iiMV lioil, I ..f V ii',.,'.
•V;', " "" ' "'""> '"''I'' 1^"''' '" - ''!'• ^'■■'■"" On ,111,1111- iui,l,l- 111.. .I.vi. iiivliNviivof III,, .-alia
^'■'" '^■'"""■1 '- "-■ ,' ^'-''': l'"»'-^'|- ■■' I'lll C;,!,. «.. Il;,^ ih.Ti.Jll til,. .lil..|lM.l.'l l..«.T.,r 111..
"''"^'•- ll„ai,..i .: i«liil,. I,.»,i; ll,:,t I- III,- ..i,,„|,,|,,, ..,.,„, I h.ni.l,- ;,s il, Ih s rni...M ..all...!,
Com, 111 ,,t ll,,' Am.,iim,,i., ,,1, ll,,' M.ainl "I Oln,, ,„ |„^, |„,„,,,,,, ,„,;,,|^ ,,„, ,•„,.,,,,,, l,„i|| |,v ||,.,',„l
Ali,,lli.'rMW,'llii,j; I'hiu,' Mir, t,,!, ami ll,,. u:,ll „l y ^,,,,|,|,,,, of ih.'ilnv,' .^n-M l,,«,'i.s. ,l,',li,'al,',l I,, I, is
.T..n.sal,'iii. I,alll,'iii,'iil,',l uilli l. ,»,,■-. ii-, • Maul. , „ .Mai'iai,,.,,'. « Ii„im li,' iiiiii,l,'n',l I l,i„n'.'l, i,'al„M,v,
'"■''"■'■■'-• ll"-l"l I tli,'^r.,iili.l ,.aMuai,l |„. v,iil- ,,,„| |,i^ I,,,,,),,.,. |-|,„sa..|is ai„l ll'i,.|i,l II ,|,|,i,'„,s, « la,
111.. Immi-.,'^, I,ii,|,I,', ,|,a, .,'-.. ,„■ I aivl~. I.,iii'^ >,',',i |„,,|, ,„|| ,i,,l„i„^, ,',„. |,i„| i,, l,.„||,, ,,, mIv 1','
»'"'*'•■ ""■'■'• '- ""'.^ ll,,' .^raN ,,|,l -.,|,ial,' I,.a,1',.| ,„,,,i,„, , |„. ^,| s , ,,,ii..,l l,„,Kiiii.'. I,iil liia-.>iM' |,,«,'i' ,,1'
lli|,|,i,'Ms. aii,l III,' «all: aii,| ll„. I,r,| n„|a,'.. i,,,l„. ||||,|,i,.„. Tli,' lou .r |M„'li,,i,„l llial, , ni,.li.. it
' 'I. '"-''I> "'•■■"Ul'' "1'^'^ ll '■'"" I '" I-. ' -lali.liliu'. I.T ,l,,^llla--.i^,.M,„l,',, siMiila.'l„llios..|lial.
Mli-ulai'ly .ll-a|,|.,,iiil,i,.,'. A Ill, |,aii-,', a l,.,.k ,,,„„i., of ih,' l,„,|,a' in 1 1„. I lal'alii walk ii Ulii..lil.s
'"■""'"'. ■■""I '!"■ 'I''~"l'"""' "''!"■ -'•'"'■ -l"l>'- '!"■ ,,| , 'X ,n ,!„' l; an a-.'s. MU'l. hh nv, i','
•''•'"'I'''''' „'" "" ''" •'"•'lll"'>-. "II ^Illl- "lll'"lll |„,|„l,',lol,l I,, ll,,' Savi,.l,l-. .'S,',',! Il„„| fll.'SO K','"l
>lia,l.., va l.'vs willnail ual.T, .'aill, w,ll„.,il x ,',',|i,i',., ^ s ' , Ma, U. \iii, L'l II,',,. «a-, 1 1,,' |,ala.'.. ,,f thai,
.'„,'UsNvitli,„ill..m i'or^u'nni,l,'iii.. a,i,l ..'imn «all- ii-ii,'.. , |„ , |^|„^,^ ,,„. ,„ ,| ,l,aiMl„'i's t„i' on.' Iiiiii
on ll,.' I,n,w,,t/i '» N,,lal,i','alli,,|wi,i,|i,Miv ,„.... ,|,.,.,| j,,,,.,,,, „ „|, ,,„,r, ,,f .,, ,, |„. s „f ,',',lai-, ai„l
li,.t a >,,in„l. ••.l,.|H,al'i, «li,',',' «,. «,.„1,| M.il ■ „„.„i,,„. -^ih,,,;,,,,! -,.1,1. a, ,,',',„',|,',l l,v .l,,s..|,l,„M.
S'l,Ml,-l,n',„iK. „ ,l„'ll, iIm' I,„ la »l„,l,' ,.,',.|,|,. 'CI,,,.,,. ^,i|,|,.,| |„„ ,-^,,„| ,1,1,1, ,,„'v,..r|,i|l,.u.s, a,„l
'"" ''i'^ '^ 'I"' III'' y.ilil.'iU'.' ^|",l I,, ua/.. .i| ll,,' ;,^„,|,.„. ,^,,, , l,,|„l .^,,', „. ai„r -,',.w.s„f (,',.,'s, ati.l
'">•• =^'''"ll' 111!' M"Hlil ol(lll\,',,,mll„'olli,','.i,l.' ,,,,,,,1,, „i,|, ,).,,,. ,i„M' ,,'s, a,','all- all l>l.,'„f
,.| 111,' valK'V ,,l .l.'li,,>l,a|,l,al, .l,',ii-.al,'iii |,i','„„|, an ,,|,|, ,■„•,. \„ ,1,.. „',!,, Is ,|in'i„- lli,' M,'-,' l,v Til, is,
lihliii,', |,lai„' .l..s,',.ii,l„,- |,,,<ii ,',',s| ,,,„,.,,, 'Ila' „|„,„ ,|is,.,,,',| «iiliiii ai,|,.,| 1 1„. .'n.'inv « it l„„lt, aii,| a
.'inl.alll,',! wall, (orllliril u ill, l,.« ,1-. an, I a -..llii,- ,|,.„ j,l, 1,mii,I lii'M li,',',l ll„. 'n'mi-l.. ils.'.lf. Tli.. ,i.,..i..lit,
casll,'. ,',a'„,.,|,Mss.'s tin' «li,,|,' ,,| iIh.iis all ,'.,i,ii,l. ,„,,, i,„, of l l,i> |,,^^,',■ is now „l,lv lol'l V r.'..|, ilih.'i-lil,
.'N.linliiiU, liowuv.T, |,ail ,,| M. .11,11 /...ii. ulinli. in i,,,, |,, ,ii,„..,„i,,„, ,,,,„,,i„. lifu'-siv f,...t l.v s..v,,.iilv.
I,,,',-,' a„,'„',il l„,i,'s. was ,„,'J,,M',1 «ii IS i„',.,'„„'|, Ana,|,lilioi,al l„'ii.'l,l ,,f al,,,,,! .'i-hl,'..,, I,,'! uas l.iiill,
lli,',,ly. I,,,','. |„v>,'nK I., Ill,' iina'4iiial In' a|,|„'a,' „ ,„ ,|,|,, |„- ,1,,. (,.,,isa,l.'l's,
aiK'.',,laiiannva,han,'i,,-,l„wnal„li,l|,,'|,in„a,'l,sai„l m,,„„, ■/■;„, j., ,„ ,„„. ,,|„i,, . ,„ ,„„. i,.,', ,„.,, ^g,.,^
til,, .lom.'s .,11 .M, ,>,,,„' M,„',al,, l,„,l<i„- liU,' tin' I.. ,'s ,,,„, ,|„, |,,,,,.,, ,,|,, ,,.|,|, ,|„, ||,,|, s,'|miI,'I„','. ( ^alviirv,
rais,.,! 11, inlvan.-... II,','.. ll,,',',' is a \ a,'a„l s|,a,',. I,, 1,,' ,,„. vi;, I.,,l :;,. il„. «1,„!.. ;,•..,„. of oiii- j.oni's
.m.,.„, as also tcwani- lln- |.,„l Aiihana. ,n ll,,' «,'-.,, ■,„ .,„|i;.,i„^, . i„ ,',.,,. „., ,1,,, T.„,|,|,' a„,l-„v.'i' ll,.. Vall.'V
|,ai.|oftl,...'ity; whil.. t,.wai.ls tli.. I l,,ly S.'pnl.'l,,,' a,„l ,,f .),.1,„,1,„,,1„„, „.|,i.'h li,'.- ,i,,'al,',l Im'Iu,,',, them—
t.'alvai-ytln' l„,i,s.'s apiH-ar I,, slalal ,'l,,s,. t,,-,l la-,' ; l.„l d,,. ;^|,„„„ ,,f olj^.s.
t,,wa,',|sll„...asl.„i,.l.|,,wi, a|,,.,trtotl,.'l!,'„ok K.'.I,',.,,, ; .|- ,. ,i^,|,t „f .]„, ^,,„„, ,„ ,,.,, ,,„,,.,._ j^ ,,„
!'"'''.^'' - '""■""i-.'ili'l •l.s,'i:ili,,M. I la' l„,iis,'s a.'.. , „„ ,,.,,,,,', ,„„•,' ,'„i„,,„s' a,i,l ,|,'s,,lal.', now a kii„l
la'avy i,iass..s, v,.,'y l,,w, «nl t ..hi,,,,, as at l,,|, ,„■ „,■ v;..,, ,.„,l t,, .l,.,„s,l.'„i. II, ■',. slainl.s, i,),,,,. Hi,.
willilows ..\t..|l,;,lh , ,,,,,1 will, llal , Is ,„' I, , ,ar',',.
il.' ,il' Kill- ll,'i',„rs palai'i', an I'lnglisl, .'hiir.'l,.
with cnpolas ,„, ll,,' |,,|,. Ih,'> 1,„,U Ilk,' |„i-,.i„ ,„■ ,„.„|v,',-,','l,',l. in th.' tno.l..n, (lollii.. 8l vk lik.' soin,
,s,.|ail.'l„'.'s II,,' «1„,|,' ,',lr \v,„il,| a|,|.,'a,' l,k,' ,„„' |!;,k,;,..,t,',-..t ,'l,;,|„.l, tl,.' whilcin'ss of its Ik'sli-i'iit si s
If' '■""'• '"" '",'■ ""• '•"■'■ -'V"!'''" "'■ ' I'lii'li.'s. .,,,.n„-.'lv .'onlraslin- will, tl,.' .ii..U,,w hrow, ha,,-
*'"■ """^"''V' ''"■, -I'l'S III-' i"l-".l :< ',w,'^|„v.s ^,,,,1 ,„„-i,,,„. Sai-acnic »n'hil.'..tiii'.. .,f tl„. laiihlin-^.
tm.s an,l tl,,; ,lai'l< ,li,,„|„ ,,| n,.|,,l,. v,l,„l Iv ^,|| ^,,„„„ .i.|„,,.,. ,„.,, ^i,„ ,,„, li|^l,„,,'s |„„,.s,., ,.„„l
,1','aU tl„'il„,l,.,ii,,ly ot ll„.|,lan. Tl,,' -,',,,'ial a>|„','l ,,„, „,.,,. Aiin.'liian ( 'oiiviit, a li,,,. laiihlin;- will,
has 1„',.„ «'.'ll ,',,n,|„,i',',l I,, tin- ,',„,l„„',l i ,.,„, ,,f ,.,1.,,,,, 'I'h.'i'.. a,'.. I,ai,k..i's ami /,„»//7»'.s' ai„l shoos
a.',.n„'l,'i'y II, ll,.'n,„lst ,,ta.h's.'i't. Sn.-l, is tl,,' |„','.,.ni ,,,■ ^,|, ,.i,„,.,_ .„„, „„.,.,. ,,,||,„,.^. ..,,,„,|,lisl,n„'nls," i„
', '", "I •lli>'li.ostl„'a„l,tul,'lly.,fll,..wl„,|,.,'a,ll,;- „,.^„^„. ,li,.,,,,|,,„,,, „ ,il, tliu soU'ini, ( )i'i,'nlalis f
.;,,s,.|,l„,s, s|„'ak,n,- «,lh,,„l kn,,wl,..,l-,' ,.f |l„. n, u , l,„ j,,,,,,,,,,) ..„., ,. ,,„.| .'ha.a.'t,... ..f all al.out th,.,,,.
ali.l -I'.'al,',' .'la,„,s l„ ll„ ,aln„,'at I ll,,' u,.,|.| W,. ,,ass on ; f,.,' this is not what we hav,. ..,- to s.....
«l,n'hta. City ha.l atla,n...l as tl,,' „■,■ f tl„':;,,'al .|.|„, ,„,,,|| ,,,„„„„„itv of liritish, AllU'VU- a„,l
l„ai'lyi',l,,ln aii,l t,'sl,l„'al„,l, ,,l (.Suls - hn'ss a„,| ,;,,,„,,,„ ,,'M,l,'nls a,'.' .K.in- inu..|, ,'oo,l, l,nt la.lhin-
man s -i'..at wn'k.'.ln.'ss, sa>s (II „,',•. v,. x.. il, •■ V,., ■ ,„,„.i,„„ „;,!, tl„' „,i-|,t v .'haiii,'.' that has to I,,'
hath not Its frn-at anti,|..ity. nor ,ls x asl ,'al,.'s. ' „,|o,.t,,l l„.f,„.,. .1, ,'„-al,',n or h.T in'oi,!.. ar.. rost„r,.,l.
th.. .lillnsion ot Its nail,.,, ov,'r all ll,,' lialalaM,' ,.;,,ii,. .|.|„, |.,,,,„„,„„ ,.,.„-r"i;alioii nuinl...i's, if is sai,l, o,'.'a-
nor th.' -r.'atn.'ss ol tl,.' v .'la'ral,,,,, ,,a„l L. ,l „n a si,,„allv tvv„ l,„n'l,',',|. ' Tins,' ai'.' iin.h'r tl,,' |,i'ot<...|ion
rflijjiou.. a,',',„„,i, l„','n sull„'„'„t , i,i'c's,'rw' it I,-..,., ,,,■ i.;,,'^,!,,,,,! ,.„„| |',„-.l,i i„ „„ anoinalcislv uniti;,!
belli- ,I.'sli'oy.',l. ,l.i-l,o!,n,'. An-r,a .l,l,i„lstli.' I!,,maii (- atliulic insli
1 tutiulis; l.",a,,,c is " l'r<it.:Lt,)ro((,'lii'isllai,ily(-.'n. 'rally)
\/
tiT, IS ill!
|\V il l<ill'l
ll|l'>ll ill''
cllllllll.
like siiTlli'
■I'lll -tnlli'S
wn ciilciiir
llUllllilLl^'S
iiDiM-, and
liri;; with
and simps
ainit^," ill
alalisiM 111'
iiait tlii'iii.
Illll' til SIT.
ii-aii, ami
111 uiilliiiiL;
lias (n III'
L' rcstmi'il.
-aiil. urca-
|ii-ii(('rli(iii
;lv uiiid'il
liulio ilisti
(^'I'liiTally/
I
■*•■ 'I'.. -■ ; ^ ,l»'- ,.
,.>^.->"^\il -vX,
W'
... «- .'»:.> I -
•i-i i' ;, '
.''r*
=v.
■I
;AK.\Ci:.NlC I'UUNTAIN, NliAR TllL; COUNCIL lluLsl., JLRL^ALLM.
! I
...vHii
Hii
■ill
PIVR DAYS AT JKRrS,\T-KM.
m
«
THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE AT JERUSALEM.
iij tlio I'iiisl ;" iiiid tlio Kiupcvor of liUssia i- licail ol' , liiral lie llic |i:islur.il air dt' tlu' rarly ]iiirti.iiK ut ilic
tlic (irofk Cliiiivli. These cuiiimuiiitios vi'; iilc tiir tlir 1 sacrcil Siii|iiun'. Iki^ in.-^i iaciI tlic lull. .win;; rliaiiiiiiij;
lllnst |iai't ill llif Kfalik (.^tiiaitcr, tVoin tlie .l.illa (late to
tlio l)aiiiast'ii>(iati',\vliili'ariiiiiiil tlio Htily Plarcwlii'iioo
till' };;iiiv li.is ilopai'tril. llu' .lew i>li [..'.ipli' ^l ill lini,'i.i-.
1'',
".liTiisali'iii uas a |.1..iil'1ii'iI lirlil. ainl tlic uvniiiid. mi
wliicli (111' Tc'iii|ili' iiiiw .-taiiils. till' ji.iiil iiilicritaiicc nf
Till' .lew ill .(I'l'ii.sili'iii i> liiiiiM'lt' a |ii'i|irtilal luirarlr twu LimiIhts, mic iil' wIk.iii was iiiarrii-il aii.l liaci srMTal
ami la^liii;; iiiiiiuiiin'iil of Sriijiiurc tnitli. Kiitcr cliililnii. lli.' oiIht liM'd a Ijaclirior. Tlii'\ (■iilli\.it(il
tile alioili's (if tlii'.-c |i('o|il('. yon will liiiil llii'in (loiii;< in i'..iiiiii..ii I lie ILM wliicli liail (li'\-olv.'.l ..n lliciii in
wliat tlicy (lid fivi' tliims:iiid yoais ai,'o — trai-liiii^' tlioir li^lii ol' ilicir iihiiIlt. At liarvcst time llic r .. 1 r.itln ts
cliildri'li to read tlic Holy I'.ook. S'Vi'iili'i'ii tiiiii's liavc lioiind iiji tlicir slii'aM'>, and liiadi' ol lli' .i Iw {iial
tlicy seen .Icnisali'iii d<'>troyi'il, yet still tlioy tiiiii llirir stal•l^^. vvliicli tlioy Iclt ii)i..n tlic lli'ld diiiiiiL' llic iiiu;lit.
laces towards Zioii, cx|icctiin; ^till a kiiii; \\li.. i^ to .\i;..oil ili.>iii;iit |iri'>cnt.'.l it-cIf 1.. llic yoiiiiiicr. ' My
deliver tliciii. "(irccks. l'ci'>iaiiN i!oiiiaiis, aii' swept l.rotlier.' said lie lo liiniselt', • lias a will' ami cliildicn to
from the eartli." says a iiolilc write:-, "ami a jictly iiiaiiitaiii ; it is not Jiisl that ..nr -liaii'> -ii..nl.l I.e e.|iial ;
trilic, whose ori;;ili |ireccilcd that ol til.. -e ureal iialioiis, ! let me then take a few sh.:i\.', fidiii i.i\ ~ta.k ami
still exists uiiiuixcd aiiioiiu the niins o'' it- native seei-ctl\ add them I., lii- ; he will n..l |i.i.ii\ .• il, and
liiml." tlieref. .re ciiiinot icIiim' thein.' Tlii> |.r..i.cl tli.'yoiiiii;
8,0tl0(s(inie«ty i l.00n).Tews.r».0(H1MusMiliian^.:<.li0(l man iini lialely e\eciile.|. 'I'liat niuhl ihe I'l.lcr
CI recks. !.,")( It I Latin Cat holies, l.OtlOAniiciiiaiis. n.llr.im a >>..ke ami said t.. his wile. ' .My l.r. .iher i- yoiiiiL'. and
Illll to :.'(lll Syrians and ('o|its. fonn. with the I'r. i'>tant li\ is alone, w ith..iil a colii|.aliioii l.i a:.i~l hiiii if his
eommnnity, top the most jiart Kn'_di.--li. the |.: ■enl lahoiirs ,ind console him iimler hi- lali;^ne-; ii i- not
].o|iiilatioii of .lenisalein, wliieli .Iewi>h hi-'- ' an- ii.ir jii^t that we should lake Irom th.' tiel.l .i.- many
rate to have at one tinii' eiiuallcd the enormous and sheaves as he doe> ; |e( lis ud n|i and seiieily uo
indeed ilicredilile amouiit of two millions This Ha> ,'liil carry a cert.iiii iiiiml.er of shelves lo his
diirinj; the Holy Week, when |.il','iiiiis from all parts sla k ; he will not liml il out I.. iiiorr..w, and
came to Jernsaleiu How far this iiillst have ex- ; tiiei'i 'i.re cannot refuse I lieiii ;' and ! hey di.l so acenr-
eccded the enlliiisiasiii ofonr dcueiicratc d,iys iii,iy l.e diieily. The next .lay l.i.tli hrolliers went lo ihelhld.
jiid;;ed Irom the fict that the |iilurims who vi-it .lent an. I ca.'h wa-; liiiich siir|iriM'd to liiid the two .-lacks
saleiii yearly do not I'xeeed l-,0(.lii. of whom 111. 001) alike, iieiliier licinu alile in his own mind to aecoiiiit
are M ii-siilman-. This l.eing Kaster, is the most li.r the j.ro.liuy. They piir.-iied the .siine course lor
crowilcd season, so we are enal.leil to Jiidue for oiir-eives. -.e\cr,il succes-ixe iiiuhls, liiit as each cirricl to his
The foiindalion of the city ilat.'s Iroiii Melchi-.'.lek. l.r..ther's slack the s.iiiic nunilier of sheaves, ihe slacks
Of this one of the .\rali Iradilions, many of which , s-till remained ei|ual, till one ni^dil, both d.'t.ernnninjj'
»#
1
i
'!
1
^
1
10
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
to stjiiiil sciitiiu'l III cImi'IiImIc {\\r mystery, (liry iiict:,
ciich ln'iiriiig till' slicavcs (|i-.iin('il liir liis lnotliii's
stack.
"Now tlic .spot wlii'i-o so lif.mliliil M tliouijlit :it orioo
occunvcl to and was so |ior-ii'viiiiii;ly actcci upon liy
thesp men, must lie a |ilacoii^'ii(Mlin' to (lod ; and nu'U
Idcsscil it. and ulio.-ic it wliereon to liuild a house to
His iiiiMif."'
Iniprcivid l>y David, who drove the .T( husites aw.ay,
and eiMJcheil liy Solomon, who .•ahled to Mount Zinii
the Temple and eiriuiiij.ieeut liuildinys. the City was
reihieed. hy the ili\ i^ion of tlie trilies at Ills death, to
till' capital of Judea simply, liut ill the next four ,
eeiituiles it was still further eiiiliellished and aj,'-
i,'iMndi/ed, until, the woi'ship of tiilsi' ^ods. the true i
>iii of the llelu-ew iiatinii.ility, replaeiiij; the law of [
.Moses, the wrath of (!od fell upon the children
ipf dls<iliedieiico, ami its fall was not llu' distant. In {
\,(iii, under llezeUiah, did .Icrusaleiii resist the:
aiiiiies of Sennaclierili : tor it was destroyed soon i
afnr liy Nelniehailue/z ir. Its iiih.iliitants were c;ir-
lied into capti\ ity. Sixty years latei' Cyrus permitted
its n!-e.stalilishmeiit. :ind a then.-r i(ie i;overiiment j
took the place of its monarchy. While oii his march to I
I'ersia. Alexander rcciivi'd its siiliniissinn. tliiuii.di he
|iaied it, owIiil; to a divine iiiterteieiiee commuiii- j
cited tlir.iuijh a dream. Krniii ilir >iivereii;iity of the
l.ai.'ide^. after his death, it pa-sni tn the Seleucides,
w lici>e peiseculious f,'ave occ.isiiin In one of the
liriixhti'st periods of its history ; the ile\otion of the i
.Maccaliee.s, who succeeded in deliveriiii; their country,
anil {.governed it with j^lory. A ipiarrel lietween
' 'flic iilcntity uf the ShI.mii nl' Mi'lilii,^cilck witli the ,IiTiis;ilcni
ol' saciid hi^liiry, lias liirii ilciiiiiiKtriilcil liy :i cli'se ciilical
analysis of all the passa^rrs in wliich the circiniisiaiiciN MrealUuU'il
t'l; anil it has liccn iiirthiT shn« n ti) lie liijilily prnliahle that
this patriarch was iilcntical. not witii Slicin, a> has I>i-cii snmc- [
time supp'isi'il, hnt with llihi'p, the snii 'iC I'elc;;, tVniii wliuni the |
I. anil 111 I'aiiaim ohtaimil the naiiitf of tli.e Land of the llelirewa, j
or lU'licriti's.
The chiciilalinn wliiih the early history of Jenisiileni receives i
from the moiiunients ill' l^i^yiit is esticnii'ly imp irlant ami vain- i
ahle. as relating to a pcrioil which is passeii over in silence liy the i
sacrcil historians. There is a city which slanils forth with a viTV
niarkeil ami peculiar pruiiiincnee in the wars of the kiuirs of
K^ypt witlithe .Iclinsitfs, .Amorilcs. aiiil nciirhlmnriiiLr nations.
We meet with it lirst as a fortress ol the .\iiioriles. Setlios II. I
is cni.M:r»il in licsie^in;i it. It is siinatiil on a hill, anil 1
stiei:irtlii'neti with twoiiersof ramparts. 'J he name in hiein-
^rlyplis, translateii intoCoptic, ami thinec into llclirew,is Climlnsh.
'I lie ne.\t noliee of (.'hiel.ish heloiifxs to the nijin of >isiislris, ami
eonneets it with the >leliiisite naiion. 'flic inscription further ih'-
scrities C'hailash as lieim: in the laiiil of llt^iii or of the II it litis. It
was thus apparently the metropolis of three or four of the ino^t
poweitiil t'aiiaaniiish iiaiion> lutiiri' tlie time of the lleirt'eivs.
Its met i-opolitan clr.irarler appeals in Si-rijiMirc. at the lime ot'
lesliiia's invasion. We canmit hesitale in iilenlifv inu' tiie I'ha-
liasli .it the liiero_'ly|iliswilh the Kailnli«, or Caiivlisof llennlotiis,
ihc Kliailatlia ot the Swiaiis. anil V.\ Kmls of the Aran* — "iho
Holy i'i;y." It was not till llaviii's time tliat tlie .lelinsitcs
were tinaliy expelled, ami iimler his son, Solomon, it hecame the
eeelesiastieal lieaii of the nation anil tt.e ark of llic covenant, and
the '"'ernacle of ihe eoiiijriv'alion. Ihc name, .Irrnsalein, is
^rein'rally aciiiiilleil to lie a ioni]iomiil oil wo earlier names, Sonic
liave siippiiseti ot .leliusaleni, "the tranipiin*,; down of peace," ;
enphoni'Cil inio " jiossessio hereditaria pacis," or as others liave it, I
•'the vision of peace. " t>ld Sir .lohn .Manndeville stems to have
ni!ta'ii„iied the re-earclies of the most learned scholars o| lOnrope
when he mivs. " Von must know that .leriisaleni ol oM, niilil the
linifof .Melchis.dik. uas called .Ii'lms; and afierwaids, it wa.s
called Sah'iii niilil the time of KiiiLT Kaviil.who pnt these two
names ti^rell er. and called it ,lcl.ii-ali in, which Kiln.' Solomon
altered to .lern.saleiu," Hut he did Iiul unlieipulu the
Egyptolonisls,
Hyrcanits 1 r. and Aristolnilu.s IT., who disputrd its
throne, liroUfihl to its walls the lioinan iirtiries under
J'onipey, and then the I'arthians, and then ai^aiu
the Hoiuaiis under ( 'rassiis. froiii whom llerod, by suc-
cessful iiitrii;ue, olitaiiied authority to assume the
honour of entitling himself its hint;. Aiitii;onus, the
son of Aristolmliis, and the last of the IMaecalieiM. L-'ing
cajitiired liy Herod, an olllcer of his unele'.s court, was
delivered to Anthony, liy whom the last de.scenilant of
the Maccahees was scouroed to death. It was in the
reign of Herod the (ireat that Christ was Imm, and
in the roign. of Herod Agiippa, his |.4iaudsiin, that
tliose events ]i;is.sed which have given to .Jeiusaleui
its iuiniortid interest among Christians, — the life and
(h'athofthe Savioiii', and the ajipeaiaiice of a new
religion destined to transform the world, .lei'tisalem
next liecame appoi-tioned for a time as ime of the
tetranliies that replaced the unity of govcrnmeiil
under Herod, but the successive revolts of the .lews
lirought upon it capture and destiiiction liy Titus,
alter a sieoe of seven niontlis. the mi.seriesof which were
aggravated hy internal discord ; tlii'ii afterwards by
Hadrian, who drove the Jews entirely away from
it, gave it the name of .Klia Capitoliiia, anil dese-
crated the Christian shrines, and even the revered
s<'ptilclire of Christ, by iutriMliuing the tilthy rites
of the worst part of Kast"rn idolatiy, ado|ited
into l'agi»n pantheism under the title of the worship
of Adonis. The oiice Holy City pre.served its Roman
name until the time of Constantine, whose mother,
the jMiipi'e.ss Helena, was the first to avail her.self of
her son's conversion to Christianity, and search for
and restore the Christian monuments with ii pious
care. The siib.seipient capture by the Persian king
Chosroes. the I'eleaseof the holy sliiiue by the Cru.saders,
and the tiiial tritimpli of the ."aracens, with the subse-
(pieiit history of i'ale.stine, need no recapitulation in
our brief summary. At the present moment, the Holy
City is the seat of government of the di.strict of Liva,
and the residence of the I'asha of I'ale.stine. How
long it will thus remain is one of the i|tiestions iiiiuii-
neiit for settlenieut in the jire.seut disturbed stiite of
Syria.
Kvery dynasty has left its stamp upon the city.
The site is .Melehisedek's, and all around s])eaks of the
I'astoral ages; Zion tells us of |)a\id; the Tem]ile
platform, ot Solomon ; thi' towers, ot Herod; the walls
and bridge, of the lioiiians ; the (ireat .Mosipie, of Omar
and the Turks; the Holy Sepulchre, of Constantine;
the churches and iiioiiunniits, of the Crusaders;
the Mount of Olives, of the Saviour; the Valley
of Ilinnoiii, of the worship of Moloch; the Valley
of .Jeliiishaphat and its toinlis, of the I'rophets and
the Kings, and of the wretched i'eople who live ill
exile and fe.ir. ,ind, trembliiig, licg to purchase permis-
sion to lay their bones there Ihe whole i,and in its
desolation is a record of the wrath of an otl'cndi d (lod.
Such are the recollections, and these the .solemn
thoughts, to wliii'h our first entrance into .lerusalem
gives rise. iiut the day is tiir spent, and we will turn
to the let't by the north-west angle of the castle, and
take up o iiiarters, not at any new 'nil, the .Medi-
terranean. 1 tin.' Malta, but at the Ciisa Niiova, a new
building erecjed as an addition to their ohl convent
by the establishment of the Latin monks, who. from
time almost imiuemorial. have hubitiially entertained
pilgrims to Jerusalem, of every rank. Walking out
fioiii this couveiit, and mounting the wall which is
1
i
1
>
,
FIVE DAYS AT JERUSALEM.
11
ir.ily
Ivivil,
i
close 1>,V, wo iil)taiii a cctk ral v.cw of tli City, ami
imiv olilaiii a lursury kimu Ifd'^c nt' its loralitit-s.
Till' |irrs('iit walls cit' till' ( 'ity arc alxiiit i\\i> miles and
alialf in firciimfen'm't', ami avcraLrc al.imt tnity t'l'ct in
lici^'lit; l>ut in siiriic t't'W |ilaci'.s tlii'y i.ii' ali.nt twicctlial
lii'i:,'lit. In ]iiisition, tln'V an' m-arly itlcntii-al willi tliosi'
crcctod liy lladi'ian, wliii'li were sn dci'ayi'd in 117.S, (just
ht'l'iiie tlit'linalcximlsic f tlio Christians liy Sala<lin, in
1 187), tliat larj,'i' sums wiTu sent, liy Cliristcndipni toi'
tlicir rt'imi-atiiin. Siiladin liiniscU' ri'iiaireil tlicin in
lllC' ; lint Sultan Mi'lck el .Miajlli Slum tlircw them
all down, ('X('('|it thi; llarani w.ills {alimit tlir Tciniilc),
and Kl Klialat (the citadi'l). In ll'i;!, tli.' Clinstiaiis,
ti) whom till' rity was a^'ain handi'd nvvr liy I'.arliai'nn,
(it, haviiiii lii'i'ii |ir('viiins|y sniri'iidi'i'i'd to Kii'hard,
Earl of Cni-nwall, in l:.'4ll. ami i'a|itiiri'd aujain). ri'lmilt
till' fortilications, |irini'i|ially at tin' t'X|ii'nsi' of tin'
Kniiilits Ti'iiiiilars ; finally Snitan Snliman 1, the
m'CHid of the Mir/.an Saltans that ri'ii.'iii'd over
Jeni-^aleni, Imilt tlie jiresent walls .n I."i42; St.
Stiiiliens (late, and siiiiie |ioiliiin of the Dania.sens
(iate reniainini^ as they were left liy the Crnsaders, as
wt^ll as some |Hirtion of the existinj; walls. Tin' fosse,
then dee|i, is now tilled n|i liy ai'inninlatin',' rnliliisli.
At a few ]iiiints the native loek is merely faied with
niasoiiry, or nfttMi, a.s in .Mount Itezetlia, Imilt into
the wall. The spates — only the |irinei|ial <,'ates are now
only open — faee the eardiiial |ioints of the eiim|iass.
These are the .Iilla or lialnl Khaliil ((Jate of a Friend,
that is Aliiahani, the frii'inl of (iod), on the west ; the
Damaseiisor ll.ilies Sham, or liali el An mil, (date of the
Culnnin), on the north; the St. .S(i'|ilii'n or liah Sitti
Miriam, (St. Mary's (late) mi the east ; and /ion or I'lali
vn Nelii Dand (date iif the i'io|i|iel David) on the south
The.se ale kept open from sunrise tn snnset every day,
exce|it an hour on Friday the .Moslem .saliliath nmin,
when they are clo.sed while .--eiA iie is performed in the
Mosiiuo of Ulnar. The .Mnghaiilieli' or Duiij^ Gate,-
* The Mii>(ii:iriboli, wlm Imvii iinartiTimmoil iit^er tlionisolves,
wliii'li tlu'V no loii^jt'r eiilirily iu'i'iii)y, itrt' tin' ]i<'o|ili' ni'tlii' West,
or I'f Biiriiary. 'I'tiiTi' iire sniiu' ol' tliem tin' ilt'Si'i'iiiLinls of tliu
Moors ilrivoii from .'^iiiiiii iiy Frrifniainl ami Isalii'lla. Tlit'so
I'xili's were cliaritalily rri'i'ivi'd in lln' Holy t'liy ; a niosi|ii(> wa.s
Imilt for tlieai, ami tln-y ri'i'i'ivf I'ven now a lilii'ral imrlioii of
liri'ail, fruit, MHip. ami nmni'y (lln' latter rarely), alfrvi'd iVom tlie
llospiee of S't. Htli'iia, iir ratliiT Uovalana, lor llie poorer .Miis-
siiliiiaiis of .lerusali'iii. Tlie |ji'ir> I'f !.•■ proud .Mu'iiiiiairi's, tin'
eli'giuit ureliiti't'ts of tlio .Alliainlira, are lu'roiiii' porters al .lorn-
Halein, who are sought for on ai-ronnt of tlii'irstrenj^tli.aml asines-
si'iidcrs e.sti'i'iiieil tor tlieirswil'tni'sjiand inti'lli'_'i'in'e. Wliat would
Saladin unit liii'lianl say, if, suddenly nlnrnin^' to tins world,
tlioy were to tiiul the Moiirisli elianipions translorau'tl into door-
kicpors of the Holy Sepnlilire. and ilie Clirisliaii kiiijj;hts repre-
si'iitod liy hrt'thren of the .Mriiifu-ant Order ?
'' Kishop Ari'ulf, who travrllid in the lear 7llil, rehites a
ciirioiis U'^entl in refereiu'e to t"is exit ot tlie 'fyropo'on — oiiee a
tiisse within a fosse, shutting in /ion and .Moriuli into one eonipaet
iiiiiss, which explains the orijiin of the I'riinliisli name of its ^ate,
Dniit^-Lrate — which mi^lit otlit-ruise appear !•' pnlsive. "On the
1,'itli ot St'ptfinlu'r, iinnnally, an iminense ninltiinde of people, of
ilitli'ri'iit nations, are used to ntei't in ,li'rii,*ali'iii for the purpose
of commerce ; and the streets arc so clogi^cd with the dun:: of
crtincls, horses, inules, ami oxen, that tliey Ijecumc almost, imp:i.>sa-
hie, and the smell would he a nuisance tothc,»holc town. lint,
liy a iniraculnns providence wliicli cxhihits li il's peculiar attach-
ment to this ]ilace, no sooner has the nnillitndc lell .li'iu>alcni,
than i\ heavy fall of ruin hi',;ins on the infill fofowiii;/, and ceases
only when the city has heen perfectly clcanscil," In other word-,
heavy rains carry olf H larp' portion of the lilih of the streets
liy this jjateway. I lie so. called jloiij; (iate is sup|io.scd to he tin-
«ime ns ,li)8eplius'.H (iate of the I --cues. (Nch. ii. Hi; xii. 1(1.)
It Ills a's . h'cTi identilied with " ihu gate between tv,,: «al s."
(3 Kiu^ii XXV. 4. Ji'i', xxiix, i).
sitii.ited in the Tyropivon. is nerpr nlM-neil i-»o«>rjt
diifiiiL; .va.sons i.l' >eaiciiy of w.iter.
The other i;at's .iie willed tip — the (iohU'ii (Jate
especially, the I'nrks liavinj; a traditiun that at
soiiir fiiiure time a mijihty eiiui|neror is to enter
thi'inmh it into the city.'' There are several liattle-
meiiled l.iwi'fs of niiiior elevations, liesides that of
llippiciis \l the north-east eoriirr uf 'he Temple
encliisitri*, a e remains of the tower of llananeel. in
the north-west enrtier of the elty wall are also the
leniaiiis of a la ■,'!' fortilleation failed "( ioliah's Castle,"
I Klialat .liililii. letter known as '• Tanei'ed's Tower."
The existilio w:ill oeellpies iinlv ahiiiit onc-tllii'd 111 the
site nf the ori^'iiial eily. niiieh of .Monnt Zion lieini;
exeliideil on the soiilli, and nearly all of Cii'iiopolis, or
the l.owir ( 'ity. on llie north.
Till' streets ot' .jiTii-rileni lire iiaii'iiw. seldom more
than ten leet wide, and iiio.slly Hot so tiilieli ; tliev are
liltliy and illp.i\ed, eoMri"! with stones of all sizes
emlii'iMi'd ill the eii'tli. Ill many there is a ditch or
treiieh ill the 1 en tie, hollowed out tor horses and eaniels,
' lietweeii side paths for pa.s.sen'.,;ei ^. 'l'|n' diteli is often
two ti'i't ill ijeptli. and mie Inast e.in only pa.ss at a
time. The natives know inly two or three streets I ly
name. The Christians have einleavoared to remedy
this ineoiiM-iiieiiee, Thii.s lliere is ■■Ximi Street" from
1 Zion (iate to |)aiiiaeiis (late, iliv iiiiiii,' the Jews
ipiarter from the .\iiiMiiiaii ; the e .nt iination of it
which separates the l.atiii and Crnk ipiarters from
I the Turkish, is eallod " Saint Steplnn'.s,' there lieiim a
tr.iditioti that the ennrj^^eons dii on u.is martyred
I near the ,i;ate. The " .'Street ot' I >.i\ i I " d. 'situates the
' iiieat thoroiiijhlare from .lalla (lali lo the Temple,
, dividiii;; the Latin and (Jreek ipi.-iiteis from the
' .Armenian. The eoiitiniiation of tliir, lietween the
Turkish Ipiarter and the .lews is ealled the "Street of
the Temple." ''.Mill N'alley Street runs from the
.Mi|o|iarilieli (late iit the end of the Tyriipn'on into
Damaseiis Street. The /ii;/.aL;u'iie_' street from Saint
Stephen's (iate to the north uestern corner of the city,
as faros I ),imaseiis Street, is the famous " \'ia Dolorosa,"
up whieh the Saviour passed from indunient to cnici-
' fixion ; t'l'oiu the last point mentiouid, it is the "Street of
' the llolySepiilehre, " theelinrch of which forms the main
featiiie ot it. The "Street of the I'titriareh" is a short
and iiiri'ow street t'roin llezekiah's I'ool to thedroek
(JiiiiMiil of the li'iireinnner. and is lietween David
Street and the Street of St. Sepiilchru. The .short
street Ivint; lietween Damaseiis and Valley Streets,
immediately in front ot Helena's Jlo.piee, is smm.'-
tiines ealled ''.Market Street," liiit i,'eiieraliy Tariki el
I Sitti (" Lady Street)," in honour of the hnly who nii.seil
i ' The ril^'i-im Siuwnlf, who travcllcit in 11(12-110:), says: —
" 'fhcrc is a ijati' of the c.ty, on the I'listcrn side of the tcinjile,
which is called Ilie "(ioldcn," where .loacliiin, the father of the
hlesseil Mary, hy the order of the .\iip'l ol the Lord, met his
wile Anne. Hy tiic saiiie irate, th" ford ,lesns, eoniinir t'rom
lleihany "ll tlie llay ot Olives, sitlini; on loi a-s. entered the citv
of .icrnsaleni, uhile the children san;_' 'llos.iniia to the I^on of
llaviil.' H\ this ir.ite tlie t'.inpcror Hi radius entered .lerusaleni
wiieii he rctnrned victorious I'roiii 1*. rsia \\ith the Cross ot" (Jur
Lord ; hul the stones tirs' leli .lown aid .-los. d up the pas.sa;;o, so
thai the ix.ite hccaine one iiiiis.,, until, humhliii^- himself at the
admonition of ati aiiL'el, he desCi. ndeii liom his horse, ;ind so thi?
entrance was opened to liiui." Sir .fiKii .Mauiiocvi'le ileseribes
in his time (.\. ii. DiiiO) (i,,, ,„,|-l4, ,,j' the ass's feet as hciiii.' still
seen in three placcsat I he lioldeii (late, the steps of which are of
very hard stone. Maiindrell c.dls ii i he (iate of the I , uiple,
ami helow thi- irate, he suvs, in ihe hoiinnnif the V illi'v, w»f .1
hroad hard stuiie, discuvciin^ the prints made hy oar hles.sed
j biivaiur's tcet,
m
IS
ALL ROUND THF WORLD.
this magnificent stnictnrc — cidicr (ho Empress or
Diime Tiuislidk — tlie wifb wo lidicvo (if a Opriiiiiii
cruwiilor, wlio was exceedingly cliaritiilde in foimdinL;
hosjiitiila for jioor pili^riiiis. Wliiit llie Kinjircss
Helena cikIdwihI, the Sultana IJoxalana seized, and
perverted,ad(lingfiirtlier endowments, to ]ir(iviiliiijj;soiij)
foi- jKior Turks. The benefaction is still carried into
effect,
The domestic areliitectiiro of Jerusalem, a.s can he
seen, is of the .simplest character. Tlit; ho\ises arc
all cimstructed of the common limestone of the
country. There heing no timlier in Palestine, this
material is of coui-se exceedingly high-])riced here; and
the doors and casements of the windows are the only
portion of the houses nuide of wood, not a particle
being used ahoiit the floors, roofs, or any other ]iiirt
■whatever. The windows are few and small, and all
grated with iron if .sufficiently large to admit a thief
Window-glitss is a rarity liut just introduced. There
is only one door to the largest estaUlishments, and
there are no windows helow, which, as those aliove aic
generally lattiee<l, ensures .seclusion — almost that of a
jii'ison— to the inuiati's. The want of tindier neecfsi-
tates an extensive use of ciypts, arches, vaults, and
dome.s. This characteristic will be remarked iu the
View over Jerusalem at i«ige 1.
We will now set forth to get another view over
Jenisalein, and, reaching the Patriarch Sm ct. ascend
to the to]) of the ('optic convent adjoiMiiig tlu; nolile
caravanserai of the same clniich, thciicc looking down
ujMiu one of the notabilitit^s of the city, the I'ool of
He/ekiali. This deep cistern is ne.irly 250 feet long,
and l.'JO feet wide: an immense reservoir, capable of
holding water .sufficient for half the city. It is (juite
surrounded by houses. Its dei>th below the surface is
eight or ten feet, but it is consiilerably deejier at the
southern than at the nortlna'ii extremity. It is usually
thought to be supplied by rain-fall fi'om the neigh-
bouring houses, liut it is in reality in connection
with the u|)per Pool of (iilion — outside the Jaffa gate,
and at the head of the Valley of Ilinnom. Jerusalem
was once abundant in water ; it is a )inrt of the ciM.se
Ujion it that water sluadd be now ddicient ; heiu'e it
sometimes fails at the end of autumn. The view we
have from here (nee pnye 1,) is a tiae one. Put still,
V«LLll IF (IHOM
the desolation of the city is most conspicuous. Tiij
whole of Jiezethi beyond on the left, and a
large jiart of Aera to the left ju.st below, \a
uninhabited ; tlu; Temple enclosure is a vast void
space ; the parts about Mugharibeh or 0])he!, and
the south-east of Zion, are either ploughed fields,
or overrun with cactus ; the entire west face of
Zion is occupied by the gardens of the Armenian
Convent; the space south of Calvary is vacant, and
what is occupied is nu'iely tilled by mosques, convents,
and churches; though even where there are houses, they
are for the most |iart in ruins. We have now a fine
prospect of the walls, which form almost an oblong
s(piare, the longest sides r\iiniing from west to ea-st.
1 he ancient Jerusalem coidd not have been much more
extensive than the modern city, and must have occu-
pied, in its palmy days, the same site, except that it
comprehended within the walls the whole of Mount
Zion, but excluded Calvary, which was afterwards
em losed by Adi ian. Sol' .iian, the son of Selini
(1534), is reported to have slain his arehitei't for not
coni|irehen(ling the whole of Zion within the wall.s,
but tlii.s, it is hinted, he di<l, as the readiest means of
])aying him. In modern waitare the City woidd
lie untenable, as it is commanded by hills on all
sides. We aie now on the edge of Aora, between
which hill and Zioii — the .sloping buildings of which
are on the right — the valley of th»^ Tyro]i(eon is seen
descending. Itver to the right, where once stood the
Temple of Solomon, may be .seen two blue cu|iolas
marking the octangular ,MoM|Me of Omar, with the long
low roof of the minor Mosipie El Ak.sa. The minaret
rising to the left of the .Mos()ue of Omar (Temple
Enclosure) was erected, we are told, by Tunguz, Prelect
of Syria, when lie built the celebrated school at the
side of the (iate of the Chain. It is served by the
most eminent Muezzins, and gives the directions to the
others in announcing prayer. It stands near the (Jate
of the (Jliain, Avhicli opens from the Temple Enclo.sure
into the Street of David, but into which it is not
advisable to |ieep unless you desire a sound beating
from the Turks. Around and about it are majestic
planes and cj'pi'es.scs, an union of nature and art ])eculiar
to 'I'liikish religiiuis enclosures. It wa.s from their liv-
ing in this Mos(pie el Ak.sa that the Knights Templai-s
took their iianii'; and in front of its porch lie buried
the murderers of St. Thomas a Cecket, who died at
JerusiliMU. upon a pilgrimage undertaken in ex|iiation
of their crime. At the corner of the wall is the
"House of Pilate," now a barracks, late a stable,
wlicMce stolen views of the .saei'ed platform were of old
vcaiclisiiled to tav<aired Christian pilgrims, such as
Cliati aubriand and Lainartine. To the right, just
below, are the swelling <lomes and heavy massive
towers of till' Church of the Holy Sepulchre — one dark
elliptic!il dome overlooked by another, and a white one
rising out of a cloud of little domes over an ocean ol
houses This is ( "alvary and the Scjiulchre. The line of
wal Is, t he pointeil minarets stand out in bohl relief against
the t\n'\t blue of the orient sky ; but no voice is heard
1 the widowed City; no roads seem to lead to her,
and were it not Easter Week, few would be passing
in and out of her gates. The centre of attraction for
the I'ilgrims is evidently the S(piare before the Holy
Sepulchre; here beads from Mecca, and mother-of-])earl
images from ]!etlileheni, and cros.ses of bitumen from
I the head Sea, are attracting purchasers of various
' natioiib. The tall and elegant minaret adjacent to the
I'A-.
m
'■; ^-i
I
>:%
■■ !t.i . ■
#
.^si
¥^
»•
: "'' ■ V
•i
■■ "^'J^
4'' 0^'.
iS
§
^^£
«!-;?
^ -m
■"' ■
'■''%
■:■?' ■*
1
'^1
*
^, r
.^
4'^
.Si
V-
•*■- -i •
>
'"^ *-^'',
^'
■'•' #''
.!>
# 5^,-
.*"■■
■-. -u
.!?'
'f' 1
t^
. -*■..-■.
i.'
'k'
(■'■■
■■4 .
•\f
i'l
*>•.
■.•«f^
FIVE DAYS AT JKRUSALRM.
II
I
' i.4^
-^i^^:±.-r: U
■^--'i. it'T
THE DAMASCUS GATE, JERUSALEM.
Cliiirch (if till" Holy Sr]nilcliro licloiij;s to a ino^qiii',
cailml Kl Kliiiiiky, fbriMcrly flic ivsiili'iico ol llio
l.iitin riitriiinli. (-)l' this Imildiiij,' wo read a tiiiiuus
stniy, related Uy an Arab aiitliorily, who tells hdw the
C'liristians weregreatly distressed at soein|n this minaret
arising in snch close iimxiniity to the Holy Si'iiulclire,
which it entirely commanded. They otiired a large
Slim to Sheikh Jlin (ilianeni, to lirilie him to desist
I'riini lii.s ]iious intention, hut he jiei-sisted and conipleted
the structure. Tlie I rophet then a]i|ieai-ed to a Holy
!Man and commanded him to seek out and .'i;dute 11 ill
lllianeni, and assure him of his intercession at the day
tif judgment for liis meritorious work of having out-
tiiji]ieil the iididel.s. Bnt see ! how the eager )iilgrims
crowd to the portal of the Holy 8<|iulchre — wheic the
whole scene of the Saviour's criieitixion and entomb-
ment are vividly bronght before their eyes. 'Ilie ehuivh
is a niagnilicent monument of the liyzantine age.
(.Ste paije I)).
\Ve shall soon be down there, and following th,'
(Mger enthusiasts in visiting the religious stations of
Chat sacred spot.
The sjiaeious depcrtcd enclosure close on the right,
and on which grow two or three olive trees, a jialni
tree and a few cyjire.sse.s, was once the niagnitiwent
liouse of the Kniglus Hosjiitallers, the Knights of St.
John of Jeni.'^alem. The Greek Convent forms one
side of thi.s square, and that coninninify had hoped to
obtain these garden.s and the ruins jiertaining there-
unto, but withiu tlie last few yeiirs the wliole square
containing them, as well as the Church of St. Anne in
another part, liave bccu made over by the Sultan to the
Mmperor l.ouis Najioleon. The very curious and ])ic-
tui-es(|uc L;,iti'way wiiieii forms the sulijeet of our illus-
tration (/"';/'■ 17) stands at one end of this vacant spot,
tiicing into the street leading from the Church to the
Sepnklire. The extern.d facade <lisplays a llattened
pointed arch, while the aicliway beyonil is round headed.
The carving is extremely rich. Among the ornauieiils
and enililiiiis is seen the Lamb, the emblem <if the noble
order of St .John of .Jeiiisalem, of who.s<' palace this was
the (^ntraiiie. JSehind the gateway are seen .some remains
of the buildings. The interior is the r<'ee]itacle of every
kind of tilth ; from the opirii area a staircase nuaints up
to a cloister, from which opens sundry rooms, not
ca|iable of being entered from multifarious pollution.s.
There is a large hall with painted windows .ali.solutely
tilled with dung. How are the mighty fallen ! Im-
mediately u|ion the capture of Jerusalem by the Cru-
sader.s (in ItiHK) followed the foundation of the Knights
I of St. John of Jerusalem, the origin of which was an
ho.sjiico founded in Jerusalem in 1(I48 by a few mer-
chants of Amalfi for the aeeonimodatiou of |iilgrinis
from Euro]ie An hospital for tlu! sick was afterwards
added^hence the teriii. Knights Hosjiitallei's, the
member., of which weie also known as Knights of
lilioile.s. When the Crusaders entered Jerusalem,
many of the chevaliers determined on joining the
<ir(h'r. Godfrey granted a donation, an examjile which
was tbllowed by other princes. To the usual vows of
chastity, poverty and obedience, was added a vow to
be always ready to light again.st Muliamruadans and all
who foi-sook the time religion. In 1118 the Knights
] Hospitallers of St. John, then called also the Knights
14
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
i!
of Miiltn, Ihtiiiiu' n iiiilitiirv nnlrv 'I'ln' liuililiiii; now
wi ilrxiliitnl WIU-* ilcMclilird in l;il'l', as lm\ iii>; l"'**
]iillai-N III' Kill' stone, uikI lia\iii); iirai' it tlic I'liiinli
culk'il "Onr Laily tlii' (iriiiid" ami "Our I.aily tlii'
].»till." "iiliil tlali' sIikhI Miirv ( 'l(Mi|ilia.s alul .Mal\V
Mli;{ilalrii, anil Imf tlu'ir hair wlicii ( >ni' Luni was
t'Xirlllid oil till' iToss," Na|iolcoli |!oiia|ialti' i'\|icllri|
flic last ri'liis ot llic ( >r(liT ol' St. .lolju l|os|iiiallrrs.
when he took Niallationi theiii. Will l.oiii~ Na|Mih'oii
resuscitate their ancient u'loiiesf St ranker ihini;s lia\e
liii|>]ielieil.
NVitli the < 'ity thus lyini.' hefoi'e lis, alal its lanilniail<^
ilelioted. it will not he ilillielllt. lookillL; down U|ioll
the valley of the 'i'yio|iuoii, whioli se|iaiale(l /ion
from the 'reniple, and over which was a In idv'e eon
neetiiiL; the tun |iails of the City (each ol which were
separately walieil), to ilnaixilie .lerMsaicin restored to its
iivistine iiiaLfnillcenei' undei' Jleiod I he kin:,', ami that
durins the anareliy that ensued alter his death it was
irowoed. as .loseiililis tells us, liy two millions of
people — when the rid<.'es of Ziou — now covered with
their crops ot corn, and here and there an olive tree —
were adorned with nia;,'iiilieent sliiictnres We liiive
in our mind's eye the heantiful city in its j.'randcur
lietwcen that and its destinetion and its present desola
tioii oiir ( liristiaii associations intervene. I here to the
rifjht is the Mount of t.Uivis, tVoni whose sacred lu-ow
the Saviour saw the <;liay of .lernsalein. and wept over it
.'iiid predicted its fall. I town that hill he :ipproaehed
the I 'ity.amlpassinyinto the deep N'alley of 1 1 iiinoni. as
ceiideil to the 'reinple. the crowd accompanying; him like
a coiiijiicror with their ho/.aiinas. ami strewini; palu"-
'I'lielf is the (jolden (iate liy which he entered, now
walled )ip. Tiiere is the outer court whence he drove
out the money chanL;crs ; there the dark groM's
of olives, throii^di which he jias.scd to Olivet, or
tniversed on his wav to the house of i.azarus at
Bethiiny ; nnd there the garden ot tiethsemane.
There the scene of his Passion and his .\sciiision.
To the "governor's house" to the right was the Saviour
conveyed helore I'ilate ; and along the "I)oloidiis
Way," from St. Stephen's thite to the Church of the
Holy Sepulchre, was the .scene of his Ion;; ayoiiy
prior to his tiiial sull'cring on the Cross o| t'aUary.
which that laiiMing covers. The destruction of
Jerusalem, in fnllilmcnt of his prophecy, followed
within a few years. .Iiidca, after the death of
Ai^iippa. was made a I'oiiiaii province, and a Homan
I 'io consul ap]iointed lAcr .leriisalcm, thus destroy-
iny t!:e iinlcpcndcnce of the city and aholishing its
hiei-iirchi(.'i'.l or thcocratical foiin of governineiit. The
Zi'alots resisted, however, ;ind were dri\in into the
Temple liy the High I'riest and the people. Here
John of Oiscala, driven in from (iaiilee. united his
forces with the liinatiis within the city ; they together
admitted the lilnmaans liy stratagem during a storm ;
the l>arliaro:'s allies jilundered and slaughtered the
Jews and the hi;;!i priest, and the contending tactions
triumphed over the citizen.^, who, however, .sought aid
in a third |iarty. and Simeon, son of (lioria.s, was nil-
tiiitlid to occupy the upper city, whence he attacked
the Zialots in the Temple. While the w retched city was
thus diviiled within, the lianners of the lloinan army
tUiderTitUsappearcdat the iioiih western wall — you can
trace it liy clrawing a line troin the cMicine Icit across
Ada and round inside of the lloK Sepnichre, up to the
Temple — lait one legion was encamped to the right, ;it
the liHit of the Mount of Olives, liicnig the Temple.
Step liy step the Jews defended the eity. Driven from
the first wall, they fou;;ht upon the second, and tlio
lioinaii euuines liavinu liiokeii in a lircich, the troopH
poured tliroimli. hilt lieiiime entangled in the narrow
street.-", and were driven out, heing iiiialilc to wilhstanil
the missiles poured upon them from e\cry roof. The
misery of the Jews was indesiuli.ilile, death and star-
\ation wi le everywhere, 'litus withdrew from the
I attack aial awdled the result, having vainly oH'ered
mercy and terms to the liesieL;ecl. .losephiis tells us
! of their iiahiinitidile ol.stinacy ; until, at last, Titus dug
a deep trench toiilid the city, llllil closely lilockadeil
it This is >:iid to ha\e 1 n completed in three
days, and to have hceii live miles in cMcnt, and to
have had ihirteeii garrison towers — a fact which, as
narrated hy the historian. ;in eve witness, without any
;;reat expression of woiidii, ;rives lis a great idea of
the engineering' powei> of a lioicin army. The City
lieeaine a charnel house; t ae mothers " socldened their
own children for meat." .\ lorhprn hope of lioman.s
si'iiled the walls, hut were valoidiisly repiil.scd. At
last a hreach was made in the fort hy tin' Uoniaii
engines; and one night the soldiers rushed through it
upon their prey. The fortress was taken, luit the
] .lewa retreated, only to defend tliemselves in the
Tempfe Court lulow. hrivcn thence, they lell luiek to
the inner court, and rallied roniid the 'I'l'iiiple. Thi.s
Titus had resolved to save. lint the .lews having
sallied forth in rage upon their eiu'inies, were closely
tollMwed Up I'V the Koiiiaii soldiers, one of whom tired
I the sai-red precinct. Tic Jews rushed infuriated upon
I he loniiau swords, and .1 terrihle carnage ensued
I around. One historian only has lieeii eipial in ile-
sciiptioii to his task. We h.ivc the places helore us to
] our right. In the centre is thi' upper <-ity. " It whs
an app.illing spectacle to the lioinaiis. What was it
to the .lew ( I'he whole summit of the hill which
commands the ciiy hlazed like a vuleaiio. One after
aiiothei' the Iniildings fell in with a trcmendiais cra.sh,
and were swalloweil up in the liciy ahyss. The roofs
of cedars were likeshei'ts of llame ; the gilded |iinnacles
shone like spiki s of red light ; the 'jate towers sent up
tall columns of llame and smoke. 'I'he neighliouring
hills well' liv'hled lip. and groups of people wci'e seen
wati'hing with lioiiiMe anxiety the progress of the
destruction; the walls and lieiMhls of the upper city
were crowded with faces, .some ]iale with the agony
of despair, others scowling unavailing vengeance.
The shouts of the Itoiaaii soldier.s, as they ran to
and fro, and the howlings of the insurgents, who were
perishing in the tiames. mingled with the roaring of
the eoiillagration, and the thundering sound of falling
timliers The echoes of the mountains leplicd or
lilought hack the shrieks of the people on the heights ;
all along the walls resounded .scre;inis and waitings ; men
who had lieeii expiring with famine rallied theii
rcm.iining slreiigtli to niter a cry of anguish and
desolation." Simon and John cut their way, liy
desperate lighting, across the Tyropieon liridge, into the
" l'p|iir C'ity," where, in spite of the remonstrances of
.losephiis. and tlii' personal instance of Titus himself,
tl ev still held out. lint, with the Temple, the hearts
of the ]ieopIe had fallen. Klnshed with their victory,
greedy for fresh spoils, ami clialing at resistance, the
;ni|ietuons Itoinan com|Uerors Inir.st into the u[i]ier
city, exulting ; hut found thore only d'ath and
desolation — empty streets and houses full of dead
liodie.s. Kveii now the ruins over Afliit, within, on ihti
PIVK DAYS AT JERUSALEM.
r)iivcii from
>ll>l. Mild tliu
I. till' troo|iH
I (111' iiiirruw
111 witliNtniid
* I'm if. Tim
iili 1111(1 .sfiir-
»• tViiiii till'
I inly iid'iMTil
ilni> tcll,-i IIS
■ t, 'I'iliis iliijf
»• llllM'killllMl
'il ill tliri't'
I'lit, mill to
t w liicli, UN
nitlliillt illlV
ii'iit iili'ii ot
The City
li'iicd tlicir
'<<' ilnlllllll.s
'lllx'il. At
III' liiiiimii
llirnll;;|i it
II, I. lit llu'
<■■< ill tilt!
I'll liiick to
|il<!. 'I'liis
Ws liii villi;
I'l'i' cliisflv
liiiiii liiid
illtril ll|iiill
,'!' t'lisiii'd
I'll ill de-
lill'L' IIS to
" It WHS
lilt «as it
ill wli it'll
Jiie iit'ter
iljiiiirjiii;
If SI'I'll
<!»■ till!
K'l- city
agony
fj'i'iiiice.
I'.lll to
II wore
iriiij,' of
falling
liiil (If
ciullts ;
IIR'II
tlii'ii
and
ly, l)v
lltn till-
nccs of
imsidf,
hearts
ictory,
i\ tlie
lijier
and
Ipad
I thu
ri"ht, mill over tlip city to tlic left, fvi'ii as far as tlio
jTily Si'|iul<'lil'c. Il 11 ill'' tall' of tlii't ticn ii>laii',dit
Hiid doft'iit. Till' iiiMiniiiiont of this Kuiiian triiim|pli ovrr
a 111 nlilc left to tlii'ir own dnvici's ami tlii' wrath of th.'
Aliiiinhty may 'h' t*t'rn on tlii' Arch of Tiliis at Itoiiic,
tthcrc .Ic'^ith caplivcs liear the sacred fiiriiitiire of the
Teiiilile, the ;^oldeii candlesticks and silver triim|iets,
to adorn tlit^ triiiiii]iliant show of their comnicror.
Ill that one siei;i' one niillion one hundred thousand
Jews |iei'ishe(l, alioiit oiu! sixth of the iioiiiilatinii ol the
wliole of I'alcstino, at that |ieriod. Ninety-, lie
thousand |iriMiners of war were carried oil', some of
tlleiii to l.ilioiir ill the |aililic works, others to
nmreli in the lriiiiii|)li of Titus; after which they
ii|i|ii'ared in th(! aiii|iliitlicatres of Kiirope and Asia,
Hiid killed one another tor the aiiiii>eiiient of the |iii|iii-
llicc. Those under the a','e ot seventeen were |)iit il|i
to aiictiiin with the women, and thirty of them wcic
hold for a di nariils — aliollt teii|iciice. The lilnod of the
Just Jesus, a- it has lieeii liiicly saiil. was sold for thirty
nieces of siKcr at Jeru.saleiii, and tin' |icn|ilc had ciiid:
" llis Mood lie U|ioii us and our cliildieii " (Jud heard
this wish of the jews, and, tor till- last time, he i,'iaiitcd
their prayers, alter which he turned liis face froiu the
liiiiid of I'roniise, and elio.sc for liim.scll another |ieo|ilc.
It was only thirty eiijlit years after the death ot Christ,
that the Teiii|ile was liiirned, so that many of those
who had heard the |iredictioii of our Saviour might,
also, have witnessed its tullilnient.
The Jerusalem that now lies extended liefore us. is
but the si'veiitceiilh shadow of the |iiiiiiilive one, for it
has lieen seventeen times ca|itiil'ed.
Looking from this s|iot, you may imagine that scene
in the Crusaders' siege (|0!iU), when, their army having
taken ii|) its |iositioii, (iodlVey's troops left their
encampmi Ills liefore the Dama.sciis (!ate, and turning
to the Kast descended into the Valley of Jehosliaphat,
whence they pniceeded. like pea-'clul iiilgrims, to oiler
up prayers on the Mount of ()li\es. It was on a
Tuesday, the l.'itli of June, as ehroniclers tell us, that
the Cru.sailers attacked Jeru.saleiii liy escalade, lia\iiig
first hcatcn down the outer wall with their machines.
The attack failed, although night, alone, put an end to
the blooilshed. The Crusaders, t'eeling ceitain of
.'iucces.s, had neglected to liriiig victuals, and for ten
day.s were without hread, until their ships reached
Jaffa; even then they suH'cred greatly from thirst,
their horses and mules having drank out Siloe. were
sent six miles to water, while the soldiers dug holes in
the ground and pressed the damp clods to their lips ;
they licked the stones wet with dew ; they drank
the jmtrid water caught in hides, and even abstained
from eating in the Impe of mitigating by hunger
the Jiangs of thirst. On the llitli of Jnly, the great
attack wa.s made. Godfrey and his two brothers,
lialdwiii and Ku.--tace, fought on the towers '• like
two lions defending another," \iiitil "at the hour
when the Saviour gave U]> the ghost,' a Fleinisli
warrior named Letolde leaped on the rani|iart.'i
of the city, lie was followed bydiiicher, "Guiclier,
who had coiapiered a lion." tiodfiey was the third
and all the oilier knights followed their chief — sword
ill hand. The enemy fled, and the .soldiers of Christ
jmrsued them with loud shouts. The Count de St.
Gilles, will) was outside the Zioii (.iate, heard the
tumult, and suiiiuioned the Emir there to surrender,
which he did. " l!ut (says the ehronicler) (iodfrey
with the i'reiich was detenuiuud to avenge the
( 'lirisliau blood sjiilt by tlie fiifidelH in .Tenwalem, and
to punish tlieiii for the iMlllern ^ and oiiliages to which
they hiid siiliiected the pilgrims. Never had he in any
coiiflict appeared so terrible, not even when he encoiin-
teri.'d the giant mi the bridge of Antioch. <liiiclieraiid
several thousands of chosen warriors cut the Saracens
in two friitii the lie.id to the waist, or severed their bodies
in the mid lie. None of our .soldiers showed liliiidily,
for they met with no opposition. The enemy .smiijlit
only to escape ; but to them flight was impiissible ;
they rushed almig in siirli c'owds that they einl.iira^sed
one another. The small number of those w lio cuiilrivcd
to escape took refuge in SiiIoiiioii'm Temple, and tlieio
defended tlieinsiUcs a considerable time, At dusk
oiir soldiei> gained possession of the Temple, and in
their r.ige put to I'l'ilh all whom they tnund there.
Such Was the i'ailia::e, that tiie mutilated carcises were
hurried by the torrents of blood into the court ; dis-
seM'ied hands and arms lloati d in the current, that;
caused tlieiii to b" united In bodies to which they had
never belonged." " I he Holy Se|iulclire," says another
liiNinriaii, '• was now lice, and the blondy victors pre-
pared to accoiMpli.-li their vow. liarchcadcd and bare-
foot, with colli lite licirts. and in a humble posture, they
ascended the Hill nf Calvary, amidst the Inud anthems
of the clergy, ki.ssed tin ~liine which had covered the
Saviour of the Woild and bedewed with tears of joy
and penitence the niiiiiiinients of their rcdeiiiptinn."
The scenes of these fierce and tender passions we are
now about to visit.
111.— IN TlIK FDorsTI'lPS OF OUR SAVIOUK.
Following the e.Munple of all |iilgiiiiis to Jerusalem
in aia lent times, and iiiiilaling their iindoiibling fiiitli
and ri'Verence, we dcti rinilieil to resign ourselves to
our feelings as (.'liristians. and make it our first duty
in the Holy City to follow the footsteps of mir Lord in
captivity, jiidgnieiit, deatl., and eiitoiiiluiient, ii|i to his
a.si'ciision Catholic traditinii, preserved throiigli ages,
by a succession of piiais niemorics, — traditions as yet
lllidistilibed. except by giie.-..->es and slli;gistiolis merely,
alway.^ ilisputable and niostl\ fanciful — en.ililes us to
rei'all with siitlicieiitly distinct idcntily, the scenes of
sacn-d Scripture an, 1 the iocalities of our Lnrd's siilfer-
ings. We are contented .so to receive I hem. \\ a have
found .rcrusaleni ; we shall see licthlelicni.
J vising early(il ish.irdly pnssilde to sleep late in such a
place), we set out from St. Stephen's ( late, to which wu
shall shortly return on oiir solemn piitli with the captive
Saviour, liefiire going farther from this gate, we may ob-
sci'M'thet 'hurchofSt. Anne, said to be the birth place of
the Virgin, rai.sed upon the site of the hiuise of Jnacliim
and Anne, and the scene of the Immaculate Conception.
In the gioltoes beneath this eliurcli, the building of
which is attributed to Justinian, is shown the Ininible
cliambei' where duell the Holy l''amily. it was con-
verted into a Turki>! school by Saladin, and subse-
i|Ueiitly a lilosi|iie. but has recently by the able inter-
Veiitioli of M. Tlioiiveiiel, aidcil by M. Barreie. the
consul of France at .Jeriisaliiii, breii made over by the
>ultali to the Kiii]ieror of the l''reneli. and restored to
the wor.,.liip of the Christian faith under the pious care
of the Latin fathers. There are two ( 'lii-i>i Ian nations
active in Jerusalem, Fiance and ltiis-.ia, and the
aggrandisement of the < ireek and Koniaii Church makes
itself everywhere conspicuous
.il
1 The cliiirdi nl' St. Aniie is of prnit iiiitii|iiity. Srjwulf,
a pilgrim uf tlie tnt'UtU century. ilcdcribcB it ni> liiL- i/luw where
1(i
ALL ROimD TnK WdRLDt
M
i i
THE FIELD OF BLOOD, IN THE VALLEY OF HINNOM.
Till' \'<"'\ "I l'"llH>il:i. 11. 'W ;i li|n;i,l (!■ r|i ililfli willicKI Hi rr till- ImImIk (lest ill.' I l.ir s:i..rili.i. wry,' \\:\^\u'i\ ;
WMti'l'. lie- jll-l wllliili llir uMli', iitiil i> II s|ic,.iiiii.li dl' llic Mild it WHS 1)11 till' lil'llik i.lllii^ |i.iiil lli.il (.'iili-il siliil
liriiiiilisi' arrliilii'turi' nt' tlir Jews iil .I.tiismIi in. It in tlif )i:ir ilvii.' iiiiii. "Iii^i', t,ik.. ii|i i liv linl. iiinl «:ill;."
liniiiiili'il llir 'I'l'iiii'lr nil llir iinrlli. Il is a I'l'Mi'M >ii- 'I'liis i- ll Illy iii.iiiiiiiii'iil li'ii ..r till. |iriiiiilivi. .Icrii-
dill' liiiinliTii ami litiy I'itI Imi^' aiul I'm'ty wiilr. 'I'ln' s ilciii nl' I »a\ iij ami Snlniii .11. ( tiil-iili' I liis ^ad' \M' rniiif
siili's lire walli-il ami i-iiiii]hisii| of a licij ,,( jui'm' stmii'i n|i.iiitlii. ;;rrat 'l'iirki>li liiirviii.,'.,'r.iiiml. a plan', it wmilii
joiiinl toL;i.|lii I' l.y iron 1 iaiii|is, a wall nl'iiiiM'il mat trials m 1 !ii...|' paiMilr a^ uril as ^.ir,, n\ I', .r tin. 'I'iirki>li |mi|iiiIii-
rillMl|i nil llii'M' lar:;i. slniics, a layrf nf lliiils j-tiirk linii, I'.r llii-\ r.'^.irt liitlnT in I In' i\ I'liiiii,'^ (Iri'sscil nut in
ujinii till' >iii lari' nl' lliis wall, ami a mat i 111; laiit n\ri- tlirir j,'aM'^t allii'i' — tin. wmii. 11 i.>|ii'i'iany — -wlin, lliti iiii;
tlii'sr liint-. 'rill' Imir Iji'.Is arr prrpcinlii-iilar with tin' aiiininr tin- tnnilis, 111 tli'.||- Imi:; wliilc veils, iirc |ii rhaps
linttiini, ainl imt linii/niit"! ; tin' cnalini,' was mi tin- serkiiij;. a^ wiilnws. tin- I'miMilalinii nt a new liiisliaml,
siilt' iifxt tn tin' wali'i', ami tin' laiiji' stmifs rcstcil as tlii>iii;li inaiiv nf tln'iii, it must In' saiil, arc snii tnr
tli'.y still iln. aijaiiist tlin ;,'i'niiiiil. Tin' | I isimw limirs bcinlim; in t'aillifiil snn-nw nviT tlic tiirliain'il
(ii'y ami lialf lillril up. It is iiscit as a tlii'i'sliiiii; llnni'. tnnilis of tl-'''' l.ist Inf.ls. A rapiil ilnsroiit liriiii;s us
lli'i'i' i;rnw sniiii' ]iniin'!,'i'aiiuti'-ti'i'rs, ami a s|ii'i.ii'S tn'ms^ tin' iiarinw In iil^je nlniii' afi'li tli it i-rns.si's tin' ilry
of wilil tamaiiml nf a bliiisli I'niniif. On tlie wi;.st lirnnk Kcilrmi. ami spans llir ;;lnnmy ami mysdi'.nus
siilr may 111' Mill tun ari'lios, pi'iiliaMy loailiiiLj .li'lmslinpli.it. ti Valli'v nl' tin' 'I'mnlis." Mvi'ry sd'p
tn ,111 aipii'ilml tli.it canifs tlin watiT iiitn tlm lirri' is lull nf .s;iori'il a^-Miriatiniis ; tin' vast si'pul-
iliti'iinr nf till' 'I'l'iiipli'. ' 'I'Ik wrstiTii .%^-li' i> tiill nf cliral inniiiuni.iits all I'miml ; tlir Ininlis n( .Misalnni,
iinpals. Zriliariali. ami Ji'lmsli iphat, wiili tin' tlmiisainls of
_ Jewi.sh tninlis I'ViTywlicfi' almiit, till a snli'iiiii stnry
llii'inotlurol'tli,' i;i,<.i,l Man liviil with licr '' r.-liamk iiml <lii' "f I'lM'Il past. Jil'i-sciit, ami tn i-nini'. Ilitllfr wi'lnl tin-
»;i' til. ri- ili'.ivi'r.'.l .il 111 Til.iii.'litrr .\l;iry. Sir.l..liii MaiiiuliA .llr. .Ti-ws, fi'nin till' tar i'ni-|n'l-s nf tin- cai'tli. tn jnii'i'liasi' a
hIi. tiMV. Il.il in lUi'L'. ~a\s iliat li,.|,.ii. ili,. i.hi-.ri'li (,'ivw ,1 ..'nai |i||;,| resting 'il.n'i' lli'ar llii' Ti'inpli' of tin' l-nnl in tllP
tm-wl,u-l, l,i.::;n, l,.uM-..u tl,,.<aim. iii.-lit.ll.al «:i~ ll,,. i.yhl 1^^^ ,.^,„, „,■ ^,,^.i',. ,•„,...,,„ 1,,,,, . t),,. ,,|,,,,,. ,illntt...l k'ing
till' I'liiiii i.li..n. no! lit tin- Inrtli. In .Main.ili-rlU tniii- ( Id'.i/ ) it ' "
was a com 1. lit i.r iiiniiu.ry, llii' cliiinli of wliirli was liii'ui' atnl I
cntiri'. a.i Hii-i' ulMiimit 111' till. Iiiil^-inu's ; Iml Imtli wen' ili'^ohiti' j and voiil of w:itpr. At its west i-ml it lUsooviTS siii ilil ari'lii-s,
and iH.jIii'U.d. i niMv iliinniii-.l up. "'riu'.M'," adtU tin' i|ii:nnt Imt tni^twiirtliy old
1 So'wnll' i!|.M"-iliis till' |iiiol ciilli.il, ill Hi'Imiw. i;i'llie«il;i, ii< * tr.ivill.r, " s.iaie will liavi' lo In. tlir live pnri.lii.s in wliii'li sit tlmt
haviiii: livi. |inrtii...i-. "I wliiili tin' Oo-pi'l s|u iil.s. .M.iini.lr.ll iiinllilii.l.- ol laiin', liult, and lili;i.l 1 .Iinii v.) ; liiil tliu ml.scliiul is,
llu1K.1l' I - it .IS lliu jHicex loiijj and 10 broad, and at least 8 dti'ii, | iusti'id of tivu tlioro aro but tliri't' ol llioir."
I
■<isiL^
. 1» ii^^^^J^^-MWi^ilVjtir-.
iiyf
».i,7;2
-"licil ;
lilt in
tor
ing
y ol,|
llmt
"1
1
I
■"^
i .;
W
mm I
FIVE DATS AT JERUSALEM.
If
I
cnlciilntPil at a jiricr, which grips to tlio Jewish chost '
for till' sii|i|inrl (if tlii'ir puori'r livinj; hivthivn. Hfve '
MciiiiizLMk'ii Mitt Aliniliam to ouiii;i;itiil:itf hiin on his
victory over the five kings. In this viillcy, the wiclccd
Jews "\voislii|i|ii'(l .Molocli anil l!el|ihei;oi- ; Solonion
Jieic iilanteil iiis cellars ; tiie 'reuiple overshailuweil it ;
here " (lowcil sol'tly" the waters ot'Siioani ; liere David
.sanu hissonj,'s, ami Jcreniiuli iittere.l his lamentations ;
here I >nr Saviour umlerwent his aiiony: and here,
nceordini,' to the jiroplieey of Joel, all mankind will
at last appear liefore on" awlhl Jndjje. " I will iiather
all Malii>ns, and will lirini; them down into the \alley
of Jehoshaphat, and will plead with them there." (Joel
iii.2),l
The Valley of Jehoshaphat is Imt a deep ireiieh at
this sjiot, sinkinj; ra]iidly southward until inar Zion.
where it is nearly ti\e hundred feet I'elow the top of
the J[oiint. Jerusalem is oii one >iile: the Mount of
Olives on the other, and the dark shadow nf the Mount
of Ollinee, — so denoininated from Solomon's idolatry,
f(ir tlieie lie had his tiardens and hi " woni. u'.;"
palaces, .ilid w:us led liy them to the woi-ship of straliye
;.'iiils. 'I"he stone on which we are now standinL;, just
neai the liriili;e. is reverenced as the spot of St.
Stephen's niartvrdom.- The two eontii,'nous hills rise
np close to us, nearly naked, and of a dull red colour.
Their sides are hare, hut of .some scattered wild olive
trees, and, here and there, a scanty t'rw Mack and
parched vines, with sparse ehapels, oratorie.s, and
1 The trniUtions eonnroted with tins )«iiiit arc cuv;i>is,
Bcniunl the Wise, n n\oiiki»li pilsrrini, who travcllcil in a. v. ^>u,
(ii'scrilii'S a (.■liurcli in the Valli'v i)t' .lelf'siiaplmt, ralliil tliat of St.
I.onn. "in wliieli it is sitiil tlial * »ur I.t'i\! uill cunu' at the Last
,Iinl:riiu'nl." Sir .lolm Mauiulcxille say* *' .\lso in c 'niini; linwii
Irian .Monnt Olivet is the ]ilace wliiav enr I. .ml wi'pi iivit
■IiTu^^akan. Anil there Ijosiile is the iiluiv nhere our I.ail\
n))|K'areil tii St. Thomas llie .Apostle at'uT her as«ii;nptiou, anil
pave him lier f;irille. Ami very near is tlie stom- "Ti wliieh our
IjiM'il olien sat wIrmi he preaciieil ; aiul U|inn that same sliall lie
sit at the (lay ot'dnom. ripht as lie said hiuisiir" Tlic pennanence
lit the trailition is not a little reniarkalde, the .M iilianiniailan-
have evil availed themselves ot'it. I pontheeilpe ol'tlie hill, on the
oppoile tide of the valley, there rues alcni:, in a duvet line the
wall (it the city, near the corner ot h liicli tliere is a sliort end of a
jtiilar jiittinir out of the wall. I'pou this pillar, the Miissnli.aiis
have a tradition that Muliamuiad «ill -it in judjiiunt at the last
(lav; a'ld that all the world will lie L'aMienil tiiiethor in the
Viiiley helow, to receive their doom from his mouth.
■- 1 nc traditions of oldi-ii times are so iiuieh the more deserviiiix
of allention as they were nearer tothe limeot theeveiitsto whieli
they related. It. can hardly ln' suppi-iil that the Christia..
hihahitnnts of .lerusalem and its neiL'hlHinrle oil, endcr the
itiimans, did Hot |ir st.'\i' some antheiitio traditions eoueerniii;;
the loe.il' ' 's of the more important e\ents ot' ti.'>iil IIUt,ir\.
Tile earliest notice «c niii't with of the site of the marlyrooni ol
.St. Stephen is Xh.A of llishop Areult. who Ivavellnl a.ii. Too,
who deseribes it its hemp on Mount Zinn. It, rnard tiie Wise,
who folh.'vul in A.D. 8ti7, also places the scene of the proto
iiiartyrdoinou Mount /ioti,anil deserihis a ehureli as existinsT at
the spot in eonuncmoratioti ot" the event. Siew tilt'. \\ho tra\t-Iied
ill A.D. 1102, iliserihos th ; sti iiiiii; ol St, Sieplui; :is havinp
neciirred aliout two or three arhelist ^ll. ts without '.he wall on
Mount Zioii to the north, where a virv I'-intUome ehurch was
built " wbii-li has been entirely ilestro\e(l iiy the I'apatis."
So fir from the eiphth till the twelftiieeiiliiries. In the fourteenth
eentu.'y we lirst lind the site of the tr-.idilioii removid. .-ir .loiai
Maunileville, who travelled in l;f22.says "over ap.'iust that vale
of ,lehoslia]ihat, out ol the city, is the ehureli of St. Steplun, where
1"- was Riotied to death." After this the tradition i,rew in
slrcnpth, and we lind .Maundrell. in A.D. Iti'.l". spiai.iiii; of a broad
ctoiie on the way up the hill to the city, poinj iMiii the Virpin's
Toiuh to St. Stephen's Gale, on which the Saint sulhaid marivr-
d 111. The gate which had previoiislv liteii called tlial of
/eliosha|ihat, as in the time uf Itenjamin A I udil.i, that is ill
A.l). lilit, b raine the Onto of St. t^tephcn, and has remained so.
iiiosipies in lull . Tlio hottoTTi of the TMonnt of
< MI'cncc iind its sides iiio prclcralilc place, and ttold at
small jiricc to the poorer Jews) arc covered with toniha
in licajis. rii;ht up to the poor and liadly charactered
vill.i^'c of Siloam, whose houses .seem like sepiilidiivs
themselves, and are .so. The fjrave, mclancholystilliies.s
of Jerusalem, the silence of .i j;reat city, siuokele.ss,
noiseless, suyoests to the iiiMgiiiiition that the toinhs are
here, the dead have not yet lieeii summoned to awake.
Mountiiii,' the Mill liy a rocky path, the stime alonj;
which Jlavid W(>:it lameiitinj; when driven forth
fii.m his lieloved Zion liy the rehcllion of Alisaloin, we
proeced down a few steps to the left, leadilif; us to
an open cotii-t sueroundcd with rocky walls, at the end
iifwhiih we reach :i licaiilifnl liulldint; of (fothio ai'chi-
tcc'tac, of a severe and aiilii|ue character, with a pie-
tiirisipie fai.Mile, openiim liy a marlile door, into a snli-
lerrancan ehajiel, where tire the toniKs of St. Joseph and
llic \' iiicin. excavated in the .solid rock. Down from this
solemn entrance, tifty marlile steps, etieh twenty feet
Ion;.', lead lis to the floor. The toiiili of the Virfjin i.s
on the I'iuht, in a larne rece.s.s, with an altar over it,
and a paintini,' of her death, with the Saviour himself
standing,' hy ln'r heilside to comfort her. The tomb of
St. .lo.scph is hiolier up, as are tilso those of St. Anno
iind St. Joachim. Marv, who died at Elihcsii.!!, was,
as they tell lis, miraculously litiricd here by the
Apostles, accordinic to the tradition of the Fathers; for
there is a full ichition of this niarvellous funeral by
iMitliymus, who tells how '' St. Tho'iias " (who was
always desirous to satisfy any doiibt by ocular testi-
mnny.) " havin;' eaused tlieeothn to be opened, notliiiiL;
was found in it but a viri;in robe, the simple and
mean ;,'armei't of that Queen of Uloi'v whom the
.inuels li.iil col •eyed to Heaven."
Arcull.a fJaiilish llishop, wln> tr.ivelled in A.D. 700.
sp( iks of the " round church of St. .Mary, divided into
two stories by sltibs uf stone. In the upper part are four
.iltars ; on the eastern side, below, there is another, and
to tlio rioht of it, an einply tomb of stone, in which the
V ii'oin Mary is stiid to have been buried; but who removed
her body, or when this took iilace, no one can sav. On
entering this idiamber yon see, on tl e right liund side,
.•1 stone, inserted in the wall, on which ( 'lirisc knelt on
the ni.-ht on wli'ch he was betrayed, and the marks of
his knees iire still seen in the stone, as if it had been
iissiiftas wax." Arculfalsotclls another traditional story
that he hctii'il on the spot, of the disappearance of the
body (it the Virgin Mary, that "St. ^lary expired ill
the middle of .Icrit.salem, in the place called St. Sioii,
and as the twelve aimstles were carrying her body, the
angels came and took her from their hands and carricil
her to I'aradisc" He tidds that the church is called St..
Mtiry, not because her bodv rests there, but in memory
of it.'''
■' The traditions which n-ssneiate the tomb of the Virpin Mary
witli the loiality ■ 1 ipie.stioii aii|iear, with the exception piveii
I above, never to have varied. MauinleviUe, who was partial to
W(in(\"rs. saw there *' till' stone which the anpd brimpht to our
l.adv Irom .Mount Simii, which is of lhes;inie colour us llieroek of
St. (.'atherine." St. I'houiiisapiiears to ha\e been of a very sceptical
Intii of mind ; for .Mauiideville describes a i;rcat stone as lyinp at
the bottom of the .Mount ol I Hives, " u| whieh you arc toldthe
llle.-scd Vivuiii hi tall her rirdle after her assnmption. in order
to eouvince St. 'I'lmnias. who. they say, was tiouhled with tl lit
of his old inceduhly upon this occasion. There is still to he
sreii a small v\iu(iini; channel upon this slone whieh they will
h.ivc to be the impni-ion made by tlic pinlle when it fell, iind I"
'.• left lor the conviction o| ill siieli ,i:i .-.hail sUspccl tliu truth ol
tlic, story of the assuiiiptioii,'
20
ATJ, R(WND TilE WORLD.
mtv
]i:ii'('M rrniii
llio licinliT i>f (lie Viilli'V of
,TilinsliM]iliiii, ,ii llic liint iif the M'liiiii, (ir()liv(>s. i>< ;ir:
t'licliisiiii' cif nlnmt liirt
V si'Vi'M p;
ii'cs lull',' liy iDfty
Millie. 'I'llVliI ITVtV
rriitlv. I'mi- uinlir (lir sliMdc of (li;il siviri'd (niiik nl' tin-
(on
•till' (l.inlrii of (let I
riM's. — so old lliiit.
its rii'ils .'i:r l'iow iii',' in si r iii^rly s1i:i|iimI iiioiislro-ity
out of till' I'.'iri ii, «iis ilii' S:i\ i"iir tn'tiMVoil "itli :i kiss
iliji'st of ijios,' ci^'lil \i'lli'r;l1i|i' oHm' I
Iv sill
liv till' Iniitor .111'!..
II ;l i-:lVi I'M iilll-iili' is :l si
niilifc
f^loll,., till- |ll;iri' W jl'-ro till' .\|ios||,'S llill tl'iMIS
Mlisl.'i's 1"
lii.t;li. Mini jiiastcri'il. iiinl « liili
III' w.ili ,iroiiiiil is
.1. Tl
ili'ii III
'coiiii' till" |iroiii'r
\ I'llt, U lio |l;n I' I
ty iif till' l'";itlii'is
■hiniril voiiml; H'l
>f III Liiliii Coii-
s h'.ioiil; till' oil!
(loiii'4 ii|nvnrils from flipso fomlifl, ninl !inn!»JiiiMf; tTi»
si'ciic of till' i':iisiii!4 (if l.iiziiriis iis t.ikiiiL,' |il.n'(' in
soiiK- such iiliirc, we rlinili ii|i ii li'W iiiofi' (i'l't. of tiio
iisri'iit, mill sl.iinl lii'fori' t In' ( 'li i|h'I ol'thi- AsriMisioii —
the Inst fjiMiiil (•oiisiiinniiilion of on r Saviour's history ill
till' ioriii of 111,111. Wo a
ill
IT now \i iziiii; ii|i
Ii
to Ihi
MVCU (llilf opi'lli'il In ri'i'i'lM' llilll :l iri'liilllii,' to
Hi
Fnthrr's riiilit lininl,
ll|>Oll till'
>iii|ili <liini'iit. of t liu
ill that ( 'it V, \vi' liavn
itoiiiiii; sicrilici- wliirli took i
it to tiiiii oiir lioails to look n|ioii. 'Phi' I'liajiil is ti
sniiili oitii'iiiial liiiililiii'' with
I a ilonio, ami liiill ill
ruins. 'I'liis is ihn ("h
it is till' roi'k or stone fii
I'lpel ol III
As
Will
liii I 'hrist is saiil li> h
aseemleil. 'I'l ere is (he |irinl, ol a. left foot. It. has
ours, I ill ^riiii 1,'narleil jiini^. pillar like iriiiiks, ami thin I lievn saiil the Turks reinoveil tin- |iriiit, of the ri^lit, ami
Coliaei' of whieli have a weinl .iiiil solein i Miitiipiily ahoiit i plaeeil it in the Mosijiie ot * Ini.ir ; I nil. this may only In
(lleiii that strike
that, li.is its (itiii'ss for Hie nionrnliil sieiie of the (lie antlioril ies tli.it assure iis we are now i,'a/iiiL; on I hi;
x.'iilaMe fool print, ot'oiir l.oiil ,ire St .Sii'^iisline.St .le-
roine. ranliiia, lln'N'ener.ilile I te'le.aml SiilpieiiisSeverns.
Saviours I assion
'I'lii
I'
till' link am
harnn lieii;lils, the sorrowing' hi'MII of the slieini'^
lielow, ami the shallow of I'.e i^iiilty eit\ over all! The toot is Innn'il tow.inls the noil li; Trailil ion says, the
riiey point to iis a stone inarKiiijj; the spot wliere Saviour li:i(l his foot, tow.iiils t he north. , it. I he iiioim nl.
Christ pr.iyeil tli.il the ei p iiiiL;lil pa.ss from him ; :
little t'lirl her the plaee where lie swate j^real ilrops of
lilonil, ami. a lillle farther on, (lie spot where lie toiiinl
his ili.sriples sliepill^'. The I r.li lit i.'lls of I his plaee are
iiinniner.ilile.
It is Kaster week, iinil we have a host of iiiliirims
if his .Vsi'i'iision, as if to ii'iioiinee the s.iiith. involverl
in errors. The seeiie of the .\seen-ioii has imt lii'en
without its ileseriliers. Tnnlilioiis of the h'.it hers tell
that the Liinl " asreinh'il to heaxeii, atieinleil liy the
souls ol' the |i.'ili i.ir. lis aii'l prophets, i|eliverei( hv hilii
I'l'oin tho ch.iins of ile.ilh. His niolher ami one
iif all nili'iii^ with n-. inouiitiie^ in loni; proee.ssion Imiiilreil ami I went v il si'iples witiiesseil his ascension.
U|iw;irils l.iW.inU tlie ('hapel ol'llie .\seeli>ioii. .\ liout
halfway up. hy a riii^L;i'il "imIiiiL; p.'illi, -.vorn with the
foolsleps ot' a^es. .i;,. ilic ruins of a nioii.istery -on tile
site of the si one from u liieii ( 'liri.sl, look in;; over l.nvariis
the sinful t'ily. hewaileil the a|i|iroacliiiii; ilesol.iiion of
.lern.saleiii 1 1 is jk-I on this spot, l hat the Sixth I Ionian
l.e;,'ion is .^li'l to liaxe encainpeil ilnriiii; the siej,'e hv
'I'iliis l''roiii the lio. k ot'llie I're.lictioii Wf inarch nii
to some cnrioiis erollo excavations, ralleil the Tomhs
of ihe I'lciplieis. 'I licir efoiiml |ilan is vcrv singular,
sonielhiiiu' in the sli,i|ie of a iinailraiit, ,ii d there are
more than lil'ly loinlis. Some have .s.iid tiiey are the
Apostles' toinl's; others ca\cs ('or the w.irship of li.ial;
others. ay;aiii, c.in^idei llieiii a.< lie!oni,'ile,' t.i the Priests
of the Temiilc, Imt all thi.s is •jncssw.'i',
lie stretelied oiil hi; anus like .Moses," says St.
<Jri'L;ory N.izian/eii, '.imlcon niemleil his disciples tohis
l''.itlier . he Iheii cro,"d his alinii;lil> li,.'ils, hol'lim^
them down over the head.J of hi liclo fi'iends, in
the same m. (liner th.it .lacoh Me ^i i l;i I'l.scph ;
llieii. rising; (roiii e.irtli with inex a iijcsly, ho
slortl;, .iscended t'lwai'd the eternal m.oisi ai. till he was
eiiveieped hy .i 'irilliant cloiid." The I'linpre.ss !\I.)tlier
Helen 1 iii-s! i'leililiod the spot liy the erei-fioll .1 ;i
<'lii'.ieli, on which, however, says St .leronii', "it \va.H
loiind impossihle to cover in that part of the roof
tliroiii,'li which ( 'hrist pnisned his hcivenw.ird w.iy.'
Ihe W'l. -ralile I'.ede declares that ill his time, on the
eve of the .Xsceiisioii ihe .Mount, of Olives was all
iiij;ht soeu ooviu'fj with (lames. Wp find the mciiiiiuif
8AR0EN OF fiETNSEHANl
MOUNT OF OlIVES FHQM J'KUSALEi.
■^
FIVE DAYS AT JERUSALRM.
SI
I
of tliis story ill Art'iilf's wiilinaM (Ik^ vi'^itrd .Tcni'^iiliMn
in A.l>. 7""\ !""' '""'- ii-" lli^il. " < 'h iIm' 1iil;Ii('s( |i<iiiit
(if Clivi't, « lull' "iir l.ii\'(l iiNi'i'Mili'd iiilii I li :i\ I'll, is a
lin'ut' I'oiiiiil rliiil'i'li, liaviiii; iiriiiiiiil it llii'i'i' \:iiilti'i|
iMirlii'ors. 'I'Im' inner iKirt is iiiu Muild'il iiinl i'iimtciI,
lu'i'.'insc (if tlio |iiissiii,'(' cif our l.m'il's Imdy, 1ml. it liiis
i\n Mll.'ir on till' I'list side. roM'icil willi a narniw roof
On till' irroiinil in tlio midst ol il an' lo In- sci-n tin-
last iiiints in tlw diisl of our {.oi'iTs fori, and tlio roof
i\pli('arilif;o|u'n aliovo wlirrc lie asicndod ; and .'ilHioiii;li
llic oaitli is daily I'arriid away liy IpoIicm is, yo( still it.
rcinains as lioforc, and retains tlie .same ini|in'ssions of
the feet, in tlie western |i,irt of tlie same elmreli are
fidit windows, and eiylit lanijis. lian;;iiiL; liy eoids op
iiosite to tliiMii, east tlieir liylil lli.i is^li the lil.iss as far
as .leliisalini, striking; the hearts of (lie lielioldeis with
a niixliire of joy .'iiid divine fe.ir l''.\eiy year, on the
dav »f tl"' '^'^ elision, when mass is endi'd. a stroiii;
Idiist of wiiiu eoiiies down .iiid easts lo tlu' i;roiiiid all
who are in the ehiiieli. All thai iuliIiI lanterns are
keiit liurninn tliire, so that, the moniit.iiii appears, not
oiilv lifjliled up. Iml .-lelMally on tire, and .ill tli.il side
oftlieeity is illiimimited hy il."
The toot |>rint is in the reek, enclosed liy an oMoiiy
Mock of nitirlile. and wo hrini,' away wilh us an im-
iire.ssioii in wiix, wliieli pilyiiiii alter pili,'riiii treasures
a.s oiK' of his dearest remini eeiu-es of the Holy l,a-.id.
We a, enow alioiil tweiily iiiiniile.s,— hardly a 1 lile.
from the walls of .lerus.ileiii. sowelinish oui " .'^aliliitli
(lav's journey " hy ,i;oiiiL; oxer the eresi of the hill io
jlelham. As we walk down the foolpaih so ofli'ii
lioddrii liv the Saviour on his t'liendly visils tol liehoiise
of l,a/.:irus, whom he loved, many landseaiie.s of wildly
pleasiiif; variety open hefore ns. We seem to have left
the desolation in .ludea on llie oilier side, and pa.s.s
through open eoiii tic Ids. aero.ss wliiili, anions; .proves
ot' (lines, are .seen (he while roots of (he lillle
village (hat stands alniosl on the liorder of .'i ilesei(
land. Here ilesiis picked the corn hy the way-.sido,
and here the sister of {..i/'ariis met him. as she c.imc
forth with the moiirnci-s from her luolhei's tomli. The
house of Laziirus, where (he Saviour so often received
hospitalilv, has fjixcii place to a ( liuich foiii'dcd liy
Queen Meliseiida. A chapel marks the dwcUiiij; w here
.«~-— .'.>n.-.»»o.»«p3.i fiM W H.,-,^.. «»>a»iK.r^.;^(aB!^Br ■
Si'uoii the I.I per iiddrc>ssed the T,oriI, ntul |ierpe(uatos
the memory ot the devout Maf;dalen, who anointed (he
feet, of (,'hrist. l.asi'y, the rock, whose hallowed sides
formed the tixiih of LaKirns, has lieen .surnioiinted
liy a m(is(]ue, the entrance to wliicli is down a
stair of Iwenty-foiir steps.l Christiau and Moslem
alike rev(Tene(' this spii(, .Tiid (he pili;riiiiaj;es (o
il are iiinnerous. The sick childicii we .see here
have liecii liidunht hy (lie MahoinelanM in the iieigh-
lionihood. from a ]ieisnasion tha( some trace of the
divine virtue of the fjrcal l*ro|iliel. .lesiis, the Spirit of
(Jol, slill rests upon these stones. Towards the left.,
alioiit (liree ipiardrs (if a mile larther on, is liothphane,
the Villa'.;!' of the l'"i,i,'H. and a little farther .some hold
interpreter and ijiiide \eiitiires to show the very tif^treo
tli.it withered at (he S.ivioiir's word. It was very old,
and ccitainly very withered, hut \v(> may not vouch
fiirlhcr tor (he tradition.
IJetnrnini; hack over th(> crest of Olivet, after
pausinjr (o admire the view of .lerusalem.- — (he whole
panor.ima of the (iospel iiarrali\(' spread out het'ore ii.s,
wc proceed ohliipiely, hy a slopiiii; |i,'illi thai hriiif^s ns
(o (he viilai,'e ol Siloam, where (he iiadvcs have mad(!
their disnial dwcllinijs ainonji the rock hewn toiuhs.
Hence we look down upon the dry hed of Kedroii ami
the platliinn i>( the Moriali (the Temple eiiclosiire) over-
li:inL;iii,!.; il. It slopes down, ;;ray and hare, .'•DO feet.
We ijaze upon a perlcct (,'ily of Toiiihs — everywhere
al uij; the v.illey. ( >|ip(isit(! to ns is the Koiintain of
the \'irj,'iii. where the water rises and falls with
sudden-How int; swell. Jlere come the ncii^lihoiiiinfr
Hocks (o water. There is a cavernous conMcction
lietween this and (he I'ool of Siloaiii lower down, aloii;^
which .some topo;;rapheis have crawled more (lian
I7."itl fce(. It was once a sealed foiiiitain — that is,
clo.scd with a stone. Tradilioii tells that here the
molhcrof desiis was aceustoiiied lo wash her ;^ai'iiients
Mohamtiied decl.ired that these waters llowed lldlii
I'ar.'idise. and .some say it is the very si ream hiouf,dit
down siihtcrr.ineoush hy He/ckiah into the city when
he oi'ilci'cd the fountains without ■leriisalciii. ami
the hrook to he stopped, .sayiii};, " Why shiiidd
the Kiiif;s of Assyria come and liml much water /"
The stream hius heeii nscertained to run down
lidin the Temple area — indeed, it is said, from
Zion. It is pleasant in the heat of the day to
descend I he llii,dit of steps thai lead under a d.ii k arch
way down into this foiin'iin, and, slandinj,' mi tlii^
upper steps Wdltl with the t'ootsleps of afies. lo look
deep into a myslcrious cavern, down into which ayaiii
j^oes another lhj,;hl of steps to the sprini;. The women
coiiiiiiL; up .ind down the steps with waler-jars i,'iac(.
fully lialaiiceil on their heads, the wayfarers trendiim
liil lerwards from all sides, and the horses .-ind s-liccp
lli.il are liciii'.; watered at the ti'oiif^li alio\c, form a
picture thai reiiiiiids nsof llie pal riarch.'il ayes. Them
is an olil At'ahiaii Irailil ion connciieil with this well
wl.icli W11.S in days \vv\ , Miy old, c.illcd the " |i'oiiii
i.iiii of Acuu.sL'd Women." Women accn.s(j(l of adiil-
llTHMt
' rmuui Sliiulcy Im^ (Ii'..«i;.'n:itt'il the rcli^iiiii oC Pulfstiiic, i'reiii
tin' iiiinni.ni it III! iiilu t III" lianiU III" l'',iiniiicriiis, .is far as siicrcd
I I a. lit it Ills arc ciii.cii net!. a.> " a rcll^'ion of caves ;" hut if wc coiii-
|i.iri. tlic i-i.|i..|'ts of iiilniiiii.. iiikI tnivcllcrs ImIwci.ii tlii. iiintli iiiiil
>i.M'iil('('iitli ii'iiluni s, il will lie iiailily seen lliiit in tlic iii.staiii'i'
III till' (lrav(. of l.ii/.uiis iliat it wiis tlic .MiiliniiiiiiiKlaiis wlm prii-
iite.l liy (he |iassi.iii Cir cavi. Iiistiiry and iiiytliolnny, iiiiil wlm
iiii]in)vci| uii'iii il liy ri'iiiii\ iii^ tlic site tliiil waH triKlili'iial ill Itic
I iL'litli I'ctitiiiy, III 11 ^'rcttii (if till' lur|,-('r diui(;ii>iuii.s la (ore tliu
KOVCIltUCIllll.
!l
! 1)
i I..
hi
28
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
tcrv iisoil to cniiio here niul <li'iiik tlic wator, wliicli. if I ir.osqiip. A coiistaiit train of iliiiil<rv'!. Ix-nritisits water
tlii'V wi'i-i' iimoi't'iit. iliil iic.t 'I'irt ilii'iii, Imt iiniscnuMi to tl
II' i-nv, arc! sci'ii ascciidiM'' ami iIi'sccikIhi^ on
the
tliiMii if miiitv. Wln'ii Silii Miriam (tin' Niru'iii Marv)
lull shli's l.v
stci'li lia
111 In Zi.
Ml (late.
In tl
wastiiuiid witlu'liilii ain) arfusc I. she >iil)uii: li'il to liiis winter, wlini tin' rains arc .•iliumlant. tlit! water of tliis
ordeal, and was thus iirove
d •niillless : slii' lli.'li
1 |ira\ed i well liidilili's fuMli, Iimmi a In
It lil'ty |iaees lielnw
that tlie water niii;ht nevei' harm any liiitldnl uotn.m. | and llnws wilh a stroni; stream into thi' lirnok- Keih'
.ind from that dav the waters iiave liei'n inlermitlent | which ihen hceonics a roal loricnt for some weei<s.
lAillowinLithuariilpath ahove Kedion w c nowt'oine lo ' At siieli limes, in this (h'v parched land, such an over-
tlie 'ro;nli of Misalom, one ol the most stiihini^ mono- | llo v eanses a general holiday, ami |iarties are made
moots iilioul .lernsalein. It is a munidilh, or sipiarc I from the city to enjoy the /''V(!. The water colli'cls
lass of sti'iie. ni.'asuring eight feet each way, cut from ' for this |)ur|Hise in tiie snlitcnnincan liasins of tin
the sol ill rock of the
neiglilionr
in'' hill, from which it ■ Tei
i|.l
li are nmsl
ly sMpplied Iroin the co
Ih'cted
stiinils detached fifteen feet. 'I'went v-timr colnmns rains dra.inco oil' Inmi lie' cilv in wet wi^atlier ; henco
of the plain Doric order, six on each front, are hewn llu' oM'rilow.
from I he rocky mass, and snpp. rt a t ria ngn la r pyramidal auotlier rcasiMi.
It .Muhainmedim traditions giv
top, e\identlv not of th-
line si^'lc as llw munnmcnl.
The llaiani Sherif (Nrosqiio of Omar) is giianled
It is forty feet in height. May not tl Id stone at all liom-s, night and day. hy a gnard of honi
pillar, '■ which is in the king's ilalc, (l! ."^annicl, xvii.. consisting of "I'.lU'i' angels, alway.s present in the holy
18,) have licen Ihns ornamented liy afli ;• hands; "it is precincts.
pilgi'ini celestial ga
■dto this dav .\h:
da
!•;
y a (lecri'c i
son w.atclies
if the Most, lliuh. while this
d'ont tl
i\ I M 'US poi;rMii ci'icsiiai ^^aiiisuo w.nciir"* ano pra\s joniin iiit; sacreu
— >(ew, 'I'nrk, or (,'liristian — still shews his :,lihorrence I rock ( Ml Sahkarali ), an cipial nnndier of infernal spirits
of the rebel lions son of I >ax iil, liy llingnig a sl.in' at this .are gi-oaning in the di 'pi lis of the nmnntain, condemiieil
nionument as he passes : aeircnnislai if « liich .lelio- to snpjiort the s.ni-ecl Imildiii','. and the vast plain
shaplial, tliejiioiis King of Jndah, " who walked in the , .alioiit if, upon their iicciiisi'il heads. This weight ii
waysof the liuid." might jiistlv complain ; for his tomh, heavy enough, lail, beyond this, every time a failliful
al.socnt ont of the rock, wit n .-i I >oi'ic pni-lico, is just In' ; Miissidnian, in a pine stale, places his liiot on the
hind, and ri'ceivesan undue propiirlion ufihe nngr.icions pl.'itform. the mere wi'ight of his liody angnienis, hy
missiles. (Mo.se to this stands the tomli of /acliaii.ili. >i\ly limes, t lie pressure of the hnrlhen already piled
similarly hewn away from the rock, and snrrc>niidcd on the ilenions. If the devoni he inimerous, tlu;
by a ]ilain pyr.-iM'd. This is without an enlr.mce, in snlfcrings nf thisc Slitii/ntia (evil genii) are propor-
liict merelv an I i :i stone. I'"nrt her down the tioiialely augmcnhd. and they shed tears of agony
valley, and jii^t abi y pool, lies .i garden, close
upon the point of the ;i ion of the v.illcy of dehosha-
jdiat with the valley of llinncnn. thai runs round at
ilid r;ige. The grealer the fervour of the tr\w
believers at the saiici nary, the more jilcntiful these
teai until the re>.r\ oirs ollhe Temple vaults are tilled
the foot of Mount /ion, now rising , linn c lis in rough ' by 'iieiii .iiid ioitMhw inln the ncighb.inriiig wells,
terraced ground, d .tied with scillered wildnlive trees, Tlie abund.ince of the water in the Hir .Kvaiib (Well of
Near this 'jardi'ii is ,1 rnggi'd oldli raised on a rough .lull) is a measure of the I'realors gnodiicss. Only
broken bank, said to mark the spoi of Isaiah's mai'ivr
dom. The bank is protected by ;i wall of slniies. li;ilf
in ruins, and the old tree slill puis I'nrth s,'reen foliage
from its .scarred and ayrd li'uuk.
ItAUH't SRAVL
1'" low this, in a litth' con yi-yi->\ h.illow, we eomr
upon the well of .loll, li istheJMi llo^'.-l ulicivAdonijah
siimnioncd a nicciin^; of his lollowcrs. lo pi'ocl.iim
him king. — a deep old well, consi^iing of a tounlain.
.1 tank, and iliree diink'ng troiinhs. under an arilied
chamber of rough hewn stones, part of a b\cgone
prayers .'ire wanting lo ensure alpiiudance of water, and
a conseipient good liarM'st."
Siicli is the legend These wells an> called, by the
• lews and Christ i.in.s, the Wells of .Nelicmiah ; and it is
lieie. we are told, tli.it the prophet |a'i'served the
.sacred tire of the .Mtar in concealment, al'ler the depar-
ture .if the Hebrews in captivity to lub\lon, and,
here, he found it safe and burning on his relurii.
Kcliirniiig back up the valley, just as wo come to
the foot of Zion, is the I'ool of .si|o;im ; —
' Silcali'slinicli lliat Itiwcil
Fast liv tlic.iraclcs "I'dud."
Mi/I, III.
It is a square basin, .about llfty fei t long and twenty
deep, from which tiicUles a sin.ill sticim, spn-ading
\. rdiire where it goes, but .soon e.>;li.iiislc,| in small
i,';ii'dens of r.nlislies and cucumbers. 'I'lie t.isle of the?
waters i> no longer sweet — it is like that of rain w.iter
loo long standing in a cistern. It w.is dillereiit in
Isaiah's time— out of this pool was drawn the w.alcr ot
separation, to be mingled with the ashes of the ivd
heifer, at the l''ea-t of' Tabcril.ai'lo. and hither was
the blind man si'iil |o wash and be I'lc.tii ; (.lolin |.\.,
II. 1 7.) ami ii'iw, a I I his niipinenl, we see the pilgrims
beiidiiii; over ihi' walls and washing, like oni-elves, in
its ha 11.1 Wed w at els The scene is be.iutifiil from tliecon-
(r.astof ihisspot wiihihegeiieral iiuilityainl an. I sterility
of till' s.iil ar.innd .Jcrn.-.alem. This was tin' "king's
d.'ile. iic.ir the king's garden and wiiie-pre.ss" — a gar.len
ami pl.'.i--aiit lirecn. a sparkling gem — har.l by Topliet —
a |ii..iU.ic dote upon iiclieuna ! On rcuching the brink
FIVE DAYS AT JERUSALEM.
ts
anovo tills plonsant plnro, tlio wntciN, tliiit liavo tlnis I lion- ! Ami Ji^Jin niiswcrinc!, snid unto liiin : Hooai
fur "run scil'tly," tiiniliic over, niiil iliisli, s|il;isli, mid tlimi tlii'.-ic u'l'''' liiiiMiiiL,'-- ! 'riiri-c slnill not bo Icit
rush iVom ;i liiiiidri'd liltli' ciisciidrs. to Ik" distrilmli'd | one stone ii|i(in niinllior, that shall not he thrown down!"
ill :i thoMsiiid nnirnmrinL,' rills, (oi- th<' irriL.':iiinii of this Ki'i'|iinL,' idoiiij tln' wmH tow.irds tin' south, we rcmiirk
ililiLihttul spot. Upon the rock in which this pfiol is duL,' ' the end ot' a column iultinu' out like :i ciinnon from an
down twenty steps, stood the pleasure p;ilaee of David. | emhrasure. This is the mortice on which will In; snp-
'I'he stones comiirisin^' its walls are polished 1>\ au'es, I porti'd the alintmeul of the famous liriil^'e, Siratli. that
and carpeted with ivv and m.isses — » solace and lelief to imnieu'^e pass,n,'e-way which is to he thrown ovir (in
tho eye.s, wearieil with per|ictiial sunshine. The woi ,cn Mussiilm ins tell ns) the aliyss of internal punishment,
of the valle\ — like the daujihlei-s of .Indali of olo— | and over which, on the Day of the ( ireat .ludi;meiil. all
come down tiu'se steps wliieh sliine like niarlde froui the I the vtood will have to risk a passaire, before arri\inLf
tread of centuries, — emne up and down the cool steps at the mansions of | This bridge, not ove ■ wi'le,
with naked teet, to till their pitchers. W'r bathe our ' as «e .see, in its eonnui'iieemiMit, is to be n<> thicker
hands and foiehead.s, and listen to the evcnini; wind lus than a hair, and as sharp as a D.imascus blado. Many
it sii;hs ii]) the valley, sweepin;: o\ er us and rusllini; in will fall at the lirst step, but the just will be held up
jli,, trees — a music the more delicious to the ear froui its ] by j;uardiau aniiels — as iiianv in nuudier as they havo
HtnmijiMie.ss, in this otherwi.-.e tneh-.s, li.u,' and silent ' done acts of eharil\ and mercy in life.
liiiiil.' I We hav w reached the ani;le of the wall.
We now return, further upcn our footsteps, upwards. Mere is a projecion like a seat, and on this the I'r'ophet
nearlv hack to the tombs of the .lews, whence a few i will >land on the D.iy of .1 iidyunuit, near the foot of
linnerini; mourners are hastening homewards, belated, ! the throne, to iiitenede foi- tht; faithful. Jesus and
from a funeral, to reach the i;ates ere nii;hlf.dl. Here .Mary lieiie.; by his .^iile
we cross the brook Kedion. by the passaite, now ilry, ^ Turn the an^'le of the southern portion of the
where the S.iviour is said to h.i\e pa-sed ovei-, dr.i;,'L;ed , eastern wall, atnl we are mider the mosi|Ue Kl Aksa,
alon^i; by the biutal hands of the servants of the lli^h j formerly the Cliurcli of the I'resentation, and erected
I'riest. 'i'liev point out to us a stone in its dry bed, beai-- ] by .) iisiinian. We now folhiw Ih n<e of the eonduit-
iiii; the impress of the knees, the mark left by I )ur I. old pipes eonvevin;^ w.iti r fr.aii S .l.aihai s Pool, just by
ill tallinuoiithespot. The p.ath up here is sleep and Ion;.', ' j'lcthlchem, into the city, iindei the wall, by the
bv t he Ci IV wall, a ml it will be as well to pause aw hi h' and | Tyrnpieon. To the rij;ht is the f,'rollo whither St. Peter
admire the "(iohlen tJati'," which opened, iii I lerod's , williclrew to lament his fault after lieaiinjj the cock
time, under thei'iistern porch of the Temple. \\ e h ive crow throe limes, and mar to it— just above — on the
t.'ld you of the traditions atnonj; the Turks lli.il a eon hill top. separates I bv a small interval from the Zion
ipierinu' Christian Kin^' is to outer here, and how they I (iaii', is the house of Caiaphas, the I i i.^h Priest, now
have wallc'd up both its arches, and kei'p a .i.'uard over it. ! eo\ eied bv a small Armenian conviail.
Here you will oli.scrve I'uoniioiis blocks of stone — be- In this ch.ipel are shown a dark coriior, where
velleil round the i'd;,'es — the charai'teristiesof tlieaiicicnt ( lirist was imprisoned till the niorninj,'. when lie was
Hebrew architeeturi', and i\ist smdi as are to be found c.irried belbre Pilate, and a liltle to the west is the
in the walls of Paalhoe. dadd wi' remove the stones [ place wliere, as .some sav. tin' Viri^in diecl. ami wIuMioe
from the arehwav, and enter witliin the walls, we she was carried to her tomb on Mount ( tlivet bv the
should liiul the interior jiassa^e of the "(loldcn (i.ite,"
inside the tower, to be seventv feet lii;;h. and oriia-
menfed with lofty pillars, beariui; rich and elalior.itely
i-arved capitals. 'J'here is a lc;_'eiid about the closiii;,'
of this .t;ate rel.ited by Scewulf ( \.l). IHK!', who tells
ns of a lesson of humility jjivcn to the JMiiperor lie
raelius, who rode np to this i;ale proudly al'li'r his
victory over Cliosroes, kiiii; of Persia, returnini; in all
the pride of a eonipieror, and with, as he thoui;ht, a
jnstilicatory oblation in the True Cross, whiidi he
had valorously recovered fioin the Intidel. He thus
advanced victorious to enter the (Iohlen (iate at the
liead of lii.s cliivahy ; but the stoui's fell down and
closed up the pas.sane, so that the ,i,'ite liecanie one
solid iiia.ss, until lleraelins, at the admonilion ofan
nni;el, Iminblin;,; himself, ^'ot olV his lio|-.se, and so the
entraiu'e was opened nnto him. The lesson is a jjiuid
one for human pride and human sullic:ieiicy in the tiuc
of (bid's all ab.sorbini; vastness.
We are now under what were once the Temple
Halls. These very stones, if not so old as Soliinion's
time (which they are believed to be, nor is there any
reason to suppose the contrary), arc, at any rate, as old
a.s Kiii.Lj llerod. Jo.sephiis speaks of the cnormiais
proportions of the materials \i.sed by that tna.tpdtiecnl
monarch, and tlie.so are the jjreat stones sjioken ol
(Mark xiii., 1, 2.) "And as he went out of the
Temple, one of his disciples Siiith unto him ; jNlastor,
see what maimer of stones and what buildincs me
disi-ipli>>. I'liey also show " the very stone " which
secured Our Lord's Sciinlchre, a stone two varils Ion";,
one yard deep, and one broad. It is now, after loiij;
ari,niiiieiit, recoLrniscd, we learn, as the true stone ; but
all .say (.and the .Xniienians do not deny the fact) that
it wa.s stolen from the l.'hundi of the Holy Sepulchre.
lAUtl IF aNOIHAfHU.
H.MV l.t
A1.1. KOIIND Till'; WORM).
ih,
w 'il\l;lll I'.'i'in «
iiiM,. r.'(,
tVlolU.n. .1 ml.' llii' ilriii;il ol In < iii.i .1.1
■I'll, «
I'M It tiliiin tM
ii
M'l"'' '■■
111.
I'll.'.. I
it H|>|.;ni'i\Hv :\ ■..•il'.'.'l.liiivi . ..( rniiOi l.im. nlM'i ' i j;i>
M.i' (iil'.'Ul I. .Ill' I Mil.' . 111.' I Ill "I I niiiiO .■..ii'ii'.l
>\ !;i.'.'ii -./iliii liiiLMii \ I
Ulv
ilir..|.|. i.'.l \\ illi
(lie I 'i-i ><ii|'|'.'i . ii.<\v :i riiiKi''.li M.>'<i|ui<, \\ III. Ii lijM I On I III. i'4 liv.'.l II I ilililin.' ..l M i. K \ .Iv .1. Ii iiiii.l in
Ntii'.'i'i'.li'.l t.< ;i . Iiiinli nil. I iii'iii i.li'iv liH'iiii'i l\ ...' ! K.'l.l I'liil.r.iiili'i \ . mill li:i\iii': in .. nl.ril ii{.i'ii il in ii.li
.'ii|Mi'.l \>\ till' I'lillii'is nl' till' II. .I\ Ian. I I'll.' I. ...Ill i fj.ij.l.'ii l.i.i.li'i III.; .I'l liiiii \ . iHi'M 111 I II.' K I.I III A • 'ii..|i\
HI till'
111. I -.(.'lA. I'i
i|l'<l lll.ll'.l |i| .(..III', II
II. I r..iiii.'.i .iiiv.!, 1. 1
111', iii.'i'ii, mill V.
is Imi:.' .111.1 .lii'ir*. iilmiil lil'u
'.|\l \ Iri'l II .11
III. ImimIi
Al
.11 . i( III. II.
h.' .11.1 .il I
II' I .'..III
lliiitx III wi.lili All III. I. Ill I i:i.|iliiiii li.iii.Mii |.i.'.'.' ..I I'I I. I. v.'K.'l l:i|.i' .1 1 \ , .'iiil.i.'i.l.'i.'.j
'.iIm'I. Willi mi :ll :ll..' ..Ml.' pllli'lll . llll'l. lll.'\ I. .1.1 111
l.inj{ In •
KJOH, (ll:l' 11. IV Our llll'l..'.! I,..|>l ri'l.'l.uili'il till! I'll
OM'I'. illlil. .11 I 111' 1 lii'-i", lll'.lllllli'il I 111' S.I. I III II.. II I . II.
(ilii. Ill' i;:iv .
\.r.ail....| l.i.liii'' (..ii.av.' iiinl.'i ii.'a
III Ml i.li'
I', ill.' .;i.al I.'
II I't ''.iiiiilit \ . Ill w ,1 .Inn
ll.l. .1,
llW .llMl|.|.'.' I.'.'( ll.l.' 11.' Ij'l"
I.' III. .Il
.1 IV'.iil
'..I.I. 11 I..
II'; a .'III
(...I III.I
111.' .Ia\ .'I 111. I!.'
.Ill I . . I i.'ii
ill.' \i
.11, I.
di". 111.' ...ll.l I.' liUM' a'*..'iiil.|.'.l l..!;i'lli.
llii' .l.i\ ..I ..| Il
.1.111.1 <
I II al...iil ill.' ll.l :lil "I
il.'l. .'.ll.l II
ir III M lilrh in
\M. I ill i.iIm'I .'an. Ill"
I.' I. ...Ill I . \ ill
I.' \l iM'i rnl I'll
rill..
I. '11 ('I.' mil I
1,. .11 ,1.
\ .'11 t..|l';il.' . w .
I.li
.1 I. ml,
Il.'l il li.'ii
Hum
»llli
'I'll.' I'lilili'li
(M.I
luai\ I. ..|ii.ilK .'.■l..l'i.ii. .1 III ill.. l,iiii|. .'I « 111. Il I II i\.' '.|...l..'ii I . I..'|.l ...ii'ilaiil Iv l.iii mil
i( Il.'l'.. I> n I.I I. mil limi .. Il i |.'il
III.I. 1.1 iin ..ill I'I I'll'. m\ .|i'\ .'III
.'iii.l a l.-ml. Ill ir lir K.')'!. I.'i lli
illi'. (Ill' \iK II (III
'iii|.aiii..|i I. ...It Ilhii
iK. tli..i..ii",lil\ ...iliii ili'il a'. Il w a . Willi ..il,
,>l III.. ( ,'\.'iiiii1
I'lii- I'la,',' liill.'H.'il |.\ 111.' I I.I
llliI .\\ ,ll|..U.'.| ll .' I;;. 'I
Slll'l'l'l W 1'- Il ll|..l..l III.
.1
ill.' I'll .1 till
l.'llll'. I,. Il..| ..ll
Iv. .1 .ll.
Ill
I \t ll ll im.'l I. .11. mill
i liiin ll llir
.1.1 .v.i l..'li..l.l II.
ill.' .si,.. il„
.l.lili
|.i i\ .'I . H ll ll III iiiv a i;
'null.'
I., llii
ll I. .1111 nl |.l
I
■vi « a-, is'ii'-r. 1 .ll
.1 til .1 ( III I'.ii III Hi .III
vili-ni. mill Si I'i i. i In 1.1 li
..| .1.1
ll III ll
■ ll I lii'i I'll lii'luli' ill.' I. .ml..
|il IMT,
ll lirr l.ili'lli .III III 11... .|i
r.ii'i.'.l I 111- r..ii'riiiy,
ami I lii'ii 111 .si'il It
rliiiixli V
ll.
■I '.ll liiilli ilii
tliiiv niissi.iii til M'al
I't I 111' I'ailli
Hull 1.1
i.'ii'ii .»ii a
..ill
11 ill.' llii
.11 III iin limr
a\ III-; r.'iiiaiiii
iii\ 'Ki'l.li. w.'
.1 111
I. 11.
ilirii I liiiiml
u'l'i' an liiiiii m mmi.
ami I'.nal \\ i . my
ir III.. I'., al ll..|IH.,
Il.'l. .« tliw Iv till' 111' I . i,'i'.'.l ..r all
till- i>stiiii.ili..ii i>l ilii' I'm 1
11
irii'.l |.l I.'.". Ill 1 .'III
llii. Ni'l.v Paul. ' I'l.s
I .1
iiii;.'i an
I. .nil liilli'i. mil 111 inv ii\\K»:ii'i|
r.iiiili .It ill.- I'l.'i.liil IViM.l ll
I'l. 1 1
.1 \.l'
,1 I.I
nil ill.' ('
I'll 1. iimiii. w
.lii'.i',.|i'
li.'ii I..'.
II . Iii.w Mil I'.inir
.1 i.v Viiit.irim . iiii' r
till' lli-li l'ii.".|.
ll 111..
It', iia.lili.'ii.il l.i.-alin
I. .ml.
.1 llll'l.
Ill, I.' Ill'
•I"
.1 l.ll, 111 I. w nil \i III, ll
11. '.'(.'.1 Willi til.' last Siii'in'i I'l' ..111 1.1. 1.1. aii.l ill,' I I,.' Ii..i|.;lil ii|l li, . al I u K . .nul ' iil> ..'.ini'iil l\ li..u 11. 'i. ..I
r.'I'iili' I I It'- .'.'III. mini:
tl,.' aslii"< .'I' ill.' S
«ri'l Sill:;,. I
1 1,1' I,
.'I I'-fi.'I aii.l In- -'Ml till" wi-r-l lI lii.ii. i- w.'ll .i -
nul I. ills .it' I'liiii-.l li.a-ni,'. Iia- 1. .1 I.i iiiii, li I'lil'.iv
oil till' )i.iil li.illi I'l ill.' .•,'«- aii.l ('111 i-li.in- ll' ..I'l, nil
a.limssUM' . I'lil 111 x.i'ii. li'V llir nil Sli.iIJi « 1,1. lia- I li
>-i\li' ol" tin- I 'ml' iii\ 11 1 .l.l\ ii'.'i'iM- ilu' I'liln' aihl
jviliiis I'lV H(>,'ii llir -|.i',i.il..| a liimuiii- nt rii lih
."anopii'il >l.ilii' aii.l m.'ii.ii .'ii lli.' IIl.t ..| an ii|i]iri
i\>i>iii, T.i ,1111' |n i--.'ii ..iiK. I'l -111.'- Sir \1, ...... .iiiil
\ i\\\\ Miiiili'ti.H'C. |wli.. Will' ..iiU .'ill,.«i-il. al nil
iiiuiiiMiM' ,-.>st, t.i "l.i'lu.l.l It llll'l. null ill.' Intl..' .'I' .1
in Ui.v il.i.H',"* li.i> It Lts'ii |i. I'liniti'.l t.' -.■.• ilu' -i. i. .1
.'Ui.i tv\val .li'|>.i-il .it til.- Ir-I iiiil ii..l.li'-l I't Kiii..:<
Tins w.'i- till' il.iiiclitiM .'I' a ).ln -1. i.iii, l>r. Iviivliv.
\\ liii wi'Ut ili-j;ui-r,l. .111.1 tlnis .i.-. iil'.'- wli.n -li.' -a»
nil.) iliil :
■■ riio iv|mt<'.l r.-mli .it" lVt\i.l is ju-t .'iitsi.li- nl' /ilii
(iaii'. h:\\\\ liv till' ('iiMi.l.'iilinii ni' I'l.)..!' I!. mm. ni.l
till' Annoniaii .N-nirl.ix It i- -inr..iiml. .1 l.\ an iii,-
pillar jnli' n'' luil,lin!:>. .in. I -i.iin.iiint.'.l I'V i .liinii' aiil
liiii.!il-i'l In ilu- liili'fi.M" ail' s.iiiii- ..t llu' iii..-( i;i..|i-
1)111' aioliili-otiiral I'liilu'llisliiiU'iit- iina4;iii.'ilili', nn tlu'
vaii.tals ol" siHin' i-i'inmii- it'llii' ("ni-. i.l. 'Ts aivliitii'tiii.'
- till' t'liiiliit'ul ,i\vl iVi'il|'\ HI;:; tlir ]ili.i' nt' tin- i'l..ts-ir
ar.mtlius ..uiil tlu- my-tio t.iliis Wi- |.a.s-i'.l si'vonil halls
an.i o.>rii.i>'i'sU't.i|'»' ii'.uliini: tin- i'.iiis<-('i-.iti',l.i|iai timnl.
tlu I'litriiu'i' til wliii'li is mi.'inii'il l.v il.inl.li' ii.'ii .I....1'-
li. tiMiit nt tlii'si'. an aj;i il .KiMsh l.iv |H'..strati' in
t'anii'st pi-:>y<'i' nii tlu' sinm' tlisiv. aii.l. n.it ln'inu I'lni
li'i;i'<l ti> I'titi r wnliin llii' s.uti'.l pfni iiu'ts, lio j^i/i.l
iHiriviy at tlir Inuil. tiilN'Hcli tin- iiMii Ivii's. Tlii' Kl'^
wa.s liii'hiii. till' .ii'vxisli liiMins-.'.l, .Hill tlii' ilnnr- 1 1.-, .1
..'.ll il.iiMo Ux'ktvl Uliiiiil us. riic nvHii i.s iiisijjinii
i..r; in lis ilinu'iisi.ir-. Init ^^nrp-niisly l'iiriuslu',1
iii.il .ii'v ^.llI^i t.' |'i\s!uoo a s;>lcn.iiil I'tVctt. 11, r t..ml'
'I"
.ill. I I I, ami. I
I w a\ ' ..III,.
till ml III.. .. I 'iiilil aii.l |ii , I lull . i;i.. ..ll . ami ll.l \\ i w n nl
. Il.ri..r.s oil, ll.l. wi'i.' .1,1111 l.\ .1 w I'.illil'iil ll,,mi. ll,at.
Iiin'.l li'illi limn I lu' I 'iiili. | .ii{i{iii'.i'il In 1... I Iin
111. .mil .'I til.' .11.' .ii\i'iii| Willi till' l.la.'l, xi'Im'I.
Ii|'.'-li\^ .'iml lii'vv ll.'iii.l ill.' l.iii:; Imill ii|i a jirii
|.iti.n..|\ imiili III wliiii' lull,' .\iiii||i,'i I'lii.'in, liT,
III «1 1 -.'1,11' linl I. I'iii.il. I'l.. I,).', mill i.| I'll. I. .la,
III.I will. Nl'.lliil .l.lll.ll.'lll ll.iilll I llill Il.'l", llll'l
till' Inllnw 111;; .im \ nl llil . I. 'Mil.
' I'll Ml. lint /.lull 111 ilii' '.i'|iiil.'lii('s ,.r III,' II. .lis,.
nl I Vi\ I.I a 11. 1 1 1 111. I ill.' L 111'.;- w 111! r.'ioiu'i I .llll'l III III.
I In i'niisi'i|iii'iii'i' nl till' I..1I.1W ii,o , n'.iiiiislan.'.'. liiiwi'M'i,
' I ill- |ilai'i' 1- ll.l I'll \ In In' 111 I.I in .1 . It in'i'-i'iil I'llti'i'ii
\i'.i|.. ai;ii. ni I till' wall', nl I Iin jilain nl \Viii-lii|i mi
Mi'uiil /mil l.'il .l.'wii. wlii.li llii- |,.'ilriaii'li nnli'ii'il
I 111' I'l 1,-1 1.1 I I'l la 1 1 1 In 1 ..mm I ll.l. .1 111 III I.. I I Ki' -|..ii.'s
li.'m ill. ..iioiii.il w.ill ,.| /i.iii. 111,1 I,. ,'iii|.|..\ ill,. Ill
Ini ilia; I'lii |...-.'. wliuli ,'.. mill III.I w.,- ,.I..'X,',I I'w,,
lal'i'iili'i- wliii wi'i,' i'i|oa;;ril 111 iliL;'.;inL; -Inln' - lr..m ill.'
\ . I \ 1.. II 11. I'll inn III till' w .ill- ..| /lull. Iia|i|.. Ill .1 I.. 1,1, rl
Willi mil' w 111, h l.ii'iiii'.l I 111' 111. 'Ill ll ..r .1 .aM'in. I'liry
a^ii'i.l I.. I'lili I llii'iavn .nul -.'ai.li L.r , ri'.isnr,' . .'in, I
111 I'lilsiiil nl' lilts .iliji'.l lli.\ |ii'ii,'l ial,',l In a l.,ii;,'
liall, Mi|i|,.'i liil liy Jiillarn i'l iii.iil.li' iminliil wiili
i^nl.l ami siUiT, lii'l'm'.' wlii.li -i..,..! a i.il.l.' willi a
oi.l.li'ii si','|ilrn ami ii-nw n I'ln-wa- tlin Si|.iil.'ln-,'
nt' l>a\i.l. Kiiii,' ot' Israil, In llin Inll nl' wliii'li tlii'y
-iw tliat nt S..l.iniiin mul nt' .ill lIu' kiiii;s ol' .lii.lali
wli.i wt'ii' l.iirii'.l I lull' : llii'v liirtlii'i' s.iw IncKcl
. lu'-ts, aiiil ili'sii'i'.l In I'lili'i- till' ll ill til I'xaniinn tliniii,
I'lit a Mast ..f will. I liUn a stnl'in i-siicl ri..|ii tlin oaMTli,
mill |ilMstralril I il. Ill 11 jn..-I lilnli'-s n]...|i IJu' o|-.iiiiiil.
Tiny lay iii tin- -t.iln nil tlin nvnniiij;, wli.'ii tliny
1 I ll.l a \oii'0 cmuiiaiiiliiij; tluiii to riso iiji mul go
nVl- OV\S AV .IKUI SVt.KM.
w
""I U'l • ,y,,
I ''I "llli irnlil.
> ' '. Ii.ii I II,
r-'ll ll 111 rirli
'II, ,\..,„,l,,
III. II. '. Ilil' 1.
I "I 'I.' 1
llllll.l,l,.l,.,l II,
llli'V ln|,| „„,
III, |!,.,|,|„H
III »llh|i ,.,
■ill' I .illi.ll,.
II liiiii;
nlrlv.l Milli
'I'll.' i:..|,|,.,|
il l> liiM iiiiij;,
II l""l, lioii'i
I ' "llll Mil,
III! , mill
!;''iHill.\iiiii.
I "I I'l M,.|.
Ii" |■•'^.■||||,,,
I'll ki.nl II
iillr I'l lllnl,<
■•III HI. IIIV
•' ll 1 ■..
* :l»lvH;ll,|
l!;ll I'll...).
'I" I iIn^
'Mill "III, ll
l"» II. I,., I
;i».ix
!..» I W.. ,,|
l.lllll' lll.'ll.
I"' lIlK
■|> \i.|\,.t
|| .1 |ini-
l.'lllrl|.|-,
ril.lrl;l,
^t>. Il'lis
II..I..S,.
ll' I llllll.
.» r\ I'l,
l''lll,.,.||
lllji .11
M.lrlv,)
(' sl.ilMV.i
'\ llll'lll
T«,,
.'Ml lilr
I.. III.',. I
II,,.,
.'Mill
:l I.I,,;,'
I ,» 1 1 ! I
Willi ;l
'Ul.lllv
II lIli'V
.iii.i.'iii
ii.'L.'il
I linn,
i\.rii,
■'Mill, I,
tli-.y
111 go
o <W iv.tvvuvh. .-.I <.it'-vi...-.l li.m '<t «!'>' '■>-> >"'
;^,„ ,,,,,,,,,..vn. oil. .t.lu- -;.-'''•'■•>'■ ;''••«'•-"
,,„ „,'.i,,„Mi.-n. ..n.i.Mu.,.,1 ill- '«;' ';''rrv '"
i„.'vur.M> '"i>-v.n.-.i ,)i.- yMUMvU .i.:.< «;- "•'•'-.
.-non'a <ti.- S.iM.l.'Wot ll..< II.Misi. ■>( IVni.l «"•! •'«
ll,.- Ktuusof .1,1,1 .)i \'\w ivXomli ,'ni.'iv-l ih.pli.'K
t,>lv « «n.-.l »\\ ^>' K" t" '">'•' " -i''-'"!!'^ "^"" '^''O
on.- to ill,- ,-,>"■. lit •' 1^
T H I I M 11 01 IM V 111
W',' >-.-i;,.' I'.-vtli Ir.-ni ill.- r.-iul- ,-(' 1 Vi\ i.!, in,! 1>¥
til.' liclil '-I 'll'' i,i''''ii. ;; 1 «' >l''"ii up.. 11 .li'Hi-.:il.'iii.
Tin- lull -l.'i-.-- .I.'w n t." ili,--,'nlli l.\ I.TiMi',".. ;,ii,l is
ol ;i Xi'll.-w i-.li i-.-l.-iii :iu.l l.irv.u ,i|'|''' n uu'.'. ,'|'.-uiii:;
in I, -nil .'I :i i-n-si-i'Ut i.-w ,r,l'- 1 1.,- , il v l'\ lli,' lull li'.;lil.
o; ihi' li.iix,'-.! ill, .,-11 .'I .1,1,1.1-1 1,1 Vi'iil «,' l.'.'l. .',,1
lllX-U Hl,:,t VV.-,S..ll.-.-liu' l,',.'ll.--l '...ll,' 111 ill.' ".'ll.l. 'I'l"' '^■" "• '■' """" ''"' ^''"''^ "'■ •I'l'" l"H"l """
.;,,.,, I .. ll, 1,1.1. .\ \\,l.|.. II,. I |.l.',.,,,l »,lll ■ll'l.ll,
il,„| |,il I,.,., ri |..ii,,,.; 11, ill.' . , I. -Ill I'll! '' "ll
ll I,,,,,, I,', |, I,, I, ,'|, I.'," . 1,1 11, v ll. ,".l,i -. 1 1 I,,';
,>^^.< ,,\,'l' ,',,1, ..ll,,, ,1-,' ,.,.,lllllll",, . '»'>' ■. I" -»l"'l"
||„. |>, ,,| S,', ll, . Ilil,,.. '. ,,, ll,,' '1, I .11"' I'" 'll"
,,'.;!, I ,. ll,.' 1.' ,,ii,l,il .' I'l I,,,. I' "t ill. M" '|'i'"l ""III.
'' (1,,' .;l,ll.',,ii'; .1 ', ,,,.1 ll'.' . ,„l"iil' '1 - ill- I- 'I' ''ll
Mi„l i„':,r :,,,' l"iiil". ,i, 1 n,,,' \ ""<■•• i 'I ''' '""
'-••»■. .tfiaiOV C , '|.:i,'...v. , ,11 , ,,.,' ..ll. 1.' ill. ^ . "I ll , i,,.i, 11,
K 1 1,, 1 1, ll,,' i..|, ,.r ill,. 1,1 ..ll ,,,,,, ,1. I . ..I ill. M.. .|'i.' ,1,1",
. ,s^ ,.;U in i..,,\,,-, w I.,. I, ;i,,,,i.,'ll ,■,,,,, I ll Ml, . . ll...
"^'^ ijiPH^ '>.'J'^ -^ Ir.'iii \.i,i"iM |..iil "I ll"' "'ii^ I'l.. 1,,, I.'. ...M 'lis
ill.' ..,.11,1.1 ..I |',,i\.|- li'.iN I',' 1: ,1.1 11 1 'I' I" 'I' III
Im 'il,...- I.i.'nk'li'; ill.' il.i,,.' I'll' ' I'l.U'i' "I "■"" '
'''-^' •', Ii.,' II, i,,i,i,l.,i. Ill, I li.iN.' .'.,.1, ill' ir .'ll"il' ll
,„,. |.'„„|. iImI ..r .livl'i.'.l, '...'',,/A s.iil'h) . ,1,,;,
;", «.' l,-:irii lr..ii. III.' Mnl.iL.t , ,, ...11..!,
,1,,' , iii,.||.; ,.1 ll,. Mill ,n.'.l.,ll l'',lll,l, -^.i; ...,,, I'' "I
'.. \.l:,,l,, :ll ill. .Ill ull. II, ill 'I 111' • M 'll
„.,, f,..,|, ll„. I. II. II .1 r.ll.l.ll .'. ll' ,«. I"l ll"'
lii-,! 111,,.- III.' i,.^iii .-r 'I ,\. iH.i "1. i.'i.i . .111..111 ll"'
l.'MI- ,,( |„',|.,l,l ll 'l.llKll. ■' -^i , ..ll'l. Ilf I'l.l^' 1 "I'
n,,,|.|.iy x:<,il.illi /ii,,l,i'n. , .'.,!.. I l.\ Ainilii, 1 il"'
,.,,-MM,.li ..I 111.- " I' In . "ll I .1 "■ riiii'l. Ill ll'
2iL-*,..{=..,.iV«r'''»fT;*' ..fill., iiii.l.ll 1"' .l.n .-''"'A -■■'•I. ll" "M I""
ABSALOM S 10MB,
..iMciLili'-- ,ui.ii,iii.l.' "11 ."llllll'; l"iili 1 1 Ill'' l"ll> "I'
till- wll.ili'. Kmilll, Ilil- lilM.\.l' al, . A.'lliii- {aii/'ilh
I I
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
Mughrvh) was uttpred, towards twili},'hl, by Jesus
Christ, to ;iR>uro tlie Ktcriml of )iis own subniissiim
and that <'f the Virgin Mary. L)\8tly, the tiftli, that of
the night (ixiJath Krebo), has Moses for its authur; tlmt
propht't. having lust himself wliili^ going forth from
Miilian, was, jiisit at niglitfall, in tlie [ilaiii of Wudy
Eyhani, c-oiiiforted liy the voioc of God, iind composed
this prayer, in thankful acknowli'ilgment of His mercy.
And thus ends our first day in Jerusalem.
IV.— MOUNT ZION AND THE JEWS.
To "go round about Zion ami mark well lier bul-
warks," ^in>) see her beauty an<l hi'r strength, is a task
that n-ipiins no slight )>edfstriaii strenglli, as well as
determination, in a jiilgrim traveliiT We are up and
out early, strongly tempted everywhere througliout our
route by narrow, intricate, half-covered streets, or
rather .-illeys, darkened with ean\as where not l)y
arches, to turn aside hither and thither by celebrated
loca'ities. long Ijefore we have reaeluMl the gate of
Zion. I'ii>sitig through this, we ])laee ourselves once
moreat tlu- HouseofCaiajdias, where we ))ause(l last night
in the f •ot-.tepsof the Saviour, leaving him imprisoned,
and awiiitiiig the morning to be taken before the San-
he<Iriui or Council of tlie Jews, by them to be con-
demned, mocked, and bla.sphemously maltreated. We
prix-t-ed on our way to the s]iot where was the
Council Clianil«er, tirst pausing to look down upon the
Chri>tian biirving-gi-ounds. That of the English is on
the .south slojie of Zion, overlooking the Valley of Uin
nom. Here lie liishoji Alexander, Ixobert BaU^son,
M I'., Dr. S<hultz. the Prussian Consul, and others.
That of the Ameriwin Missionaries, which is on the
Hill of Zion itself, though but a few years e.stablishec',
ha.^ some remarkable names. The burial ground ot
the Homan Catholics is nearer to the gate; and the
story of an nnfortunat-e there buried is so eurio\is a-
to be worth noting. This is Costigan, an Irish tra-
veller, who was the first in modern days to navigule
the De.id S«^ (a feat since sviccessfully perforu'cd 'n a
thoroughly profes.'^ional style by Lieutenant Lynch ol
the American Navy), and whoso death from so doing
the snjierstitlon of tlie jjeople hereabouts — Jew as
well a.s Christian — have invested with peculiar terrors.
He had a boat brou^dit over from the Mediterranean
to Lake Til»erias and came down the Jonlan ; sliding
through its rapids with .some danger, and even enter-
ing with it into the Dead Sea, into which its waters
constantly ]»<ur. and where it loses itself He had
odIv a Maltese siilor with him. and they rowed toge-
ther round the .scsi, taking eight days to acconi|>iish
that journey. On their return Costigan was e.xhuwste(l.
It wiLs in the month of July, and from nine to live
dreailfully hot : even." night a north wind blew, and
the waves wen- Worse than in the Gulf of Lyons. 'I'l ey
had .sutfered e.xecndingly from the heat, .so the s.iilor
reported; Costigan taking his turn at the oars for the
first five days: on the sixth day the water was ex-
hauste<l. and Costigan gave in. On tlie seventh day
they were obliged V) drink the water of the sea ; ami
on the eighth, they were near the head o( it, the .sailor
al-io iHfing e.\hau>t«-d, and unable any longer ti> pull an
oar. There he iua<le cotlee from the water of the sea;
and a favourable wind springing nji, they hoi.stcd their
sail for the first time, and in a ti-w hours reached the
head of the lake. Fe«'ble at> he wa,s, the .sailor set off for
Ji'richo; and, in the meantime, poor Costigan was found
by some ArabK ou the tJiure, a dyiuy man, and by the
intercession of an old womnn was carried to Jericho. He
was ne.\t conveyed up to .lenisalem, where he died in
the Uitin Convent ; but he never once afterwards re-
ferred to his unhaiipy voyage; remaining silent and — as
the peiijile about him imagined — terror stricken at the
horrors lie liad seen while floating over the doomed cities
of Sodom and Gomorrah. We now enter the city by
the Zion Gate. Turn to the left towards the Jewisji
ipiarter where, even belore reaching it, we find our
.selves in the midst of all kiml of filth, ruins, and
<le.solato wiLsto groiin<l overiun with the cactus. The
walls of the Armenian Convent ri.se high on one side,
shutting out all view ; on the other siile the ground
.shipesdown towards the Tyropa'on through half-ruinous
hou.ses over to the site where the Temple enclosure
rises. A little on one .siile are the houses of the
lepers — a loathsome race — whom we must avoid.
See where " the gra.ss upon the house-tops" is
" withered before it be grown up." See where the
woman is sitting at that hovel-door, spinning woollen
yarn with a s])indle, while another near her is twirling
tlifianoitiut djatafn
#^-
■•'^m^i
JENS' (UARTER JERUSALEM.
As we are looking over the Tyropceon, the Valley of
the Cheesemongers, in coming down the slope, towards
the Temple wall — that within the city — let us imagine
one .scene of the olden time.s. Take the Temple in its
.splendour; the I'riests in all theii' power. Let the
murderess queen, Athaliah, hear acro.ss the Tyropceon,
as .she .sits stately in the Zion Palace, the rejoi' ingsof the
peojile, as the High Priest j)oints to the young king, —
preserve<l within those sacred precinctsfrom the wholeside
murderofhis race (2 Kings, xi. 10)-- 'Trea-son!" she cries,
and ru.slies over the connecting b ridj'je from the Palace
to the Ttunph^, but the High Prost orders her to be
t;iken out immediately, "and the) laid hands on her,"
and carried her out down by "the Horse Gate," to
Kedron, and there wa.s she slain. The " great stones "
of part of one arch of this bridge that Athaliah crossed,
on which, too, Titus stood in order to hold a parley with
the Jews in the Temple — are still here. Let us measure
this one ; it is twenty-five feet long, another, twenty ;
the width of the bridge we can tell from the spring of
the orch remaining, and its length must have been
over the Tyropieon from Zion (as it were from Snow
Hill to llolburu Hill, across the Valley of the Fleet)
7.
'? to Jpriclio. He
lieio he died in
o af'terwardn i-e-
1,' silent and— as
• stricken at tlie
ho doomed cities
Iter the city by
ids the Jewish
■. we find our
til, ruins, and
e cactiia. The
til on one side,
It! the gi-ound
fli lialf-ruinous
"J>le enclosure
liouses of the
must avoid.
lOUse-tops" is
t'e where the
ining wooDpi,
K'r is twirling
Valley „f
'i towards
s iinaijiiio
ii>le in its
Let tlie
)Toj)a3on,
I'gsofthe
; king,—
wholesale
shecries,
e Palace
Ji- to be
in her,"
fate," to
stones "
crossed,
ey with
neasui-e
wenty ;
ring of
6 been
Snow
Fleet)
J)
."i\ « . •', • r /'
, .-i»'H^i III
' *-H : ,f(
T.
t'i
.1 •.|i. fi ... VI, . '; -1, ' •■.
; ]. -It- I'll ^1 .-' -iii . ■■, '■ ;
..■ < M. '•■■ . ;i .1 . ' - •■
-:■"•' '■■ ■■ -■' 'P ••"
. !■ .in •-■! I .'< I :i 11 111. Ill !;'■■ li
: wii iiM.'i M 'il ' "■ U I'v !'• ■;
Ji ■■ I ■ I..1 ■.,».! i;,ii. II '•'•il 'I
>t,: !'||| 'i- '.I. ■ • .'■; Ml. ..,.»- ,v.
I .ii.ii'ii: ; lUi-r", u »• - ••■■ •'''
«il|,i' h'- ill. )•■!■: 1 ' : '1
IT-. ( I ,■!
I ' .. . , .1
I®
i • I
I I
- 1 ..
. 1,. ■.! Ill . II. I'M -.
(i. .1 ir, :ili'' I ' ■'
.•ii 1 [iiuiiii-- .1 . (i i .'
. ■. I, . U (It iV
t.
^ .1,
. : .!' ul'i i.ii.la. . . '. I.
till ..'; Iii.i!' ii .' . 1 . •'
.1 ., .; . , , ; ': ■ I. .^. ..I. . . ! :<:' .<..l,f>
I . n --.iiu III - I ' II \ •,,'•! 1-
._ ( •. 1. 1 I> Hi:'\ ik-i-J,-.,. I 'I. !" '>.
, |. . ;i.
ti I imii; ■•.
■ < Tltll ill " •
^ I. -11 (IM
. . , T , i » I *, . j I • *.'... . V ■ fv ii: , . I'A
ft ■' -_ , Til *.,.'■■. I • ;. 1 I'i isi*ii;iiit 'u. f 'iiit ^ I,
, , . , -.' .. .., • I I . .> .1/ tli. ,..! 'I'l I'l. Ill :;i-- ■ -
, , . ., i'l . ', r I ■ i -1.1 fi; r. . 8'ill i'-;i.-!, >i
.j,i,,,,. 1 I. ;■ )r !li .'v''ji"\ ''j" t...tii-T. ill U'.v 1.1
,., rl,. Ml'- •■•' .I'll' - ' I'M'. 1. nil Tl"-yiii'''.-ii'ldv'.-';' ..
,<, ,| (;, u, ■ ^ . - ■ '' •)<■!■ iui,i:i "'"' I -ii
(1, ; ,.' ' I -4 ■! ■,'. :» i,.l.lll V X v\ .
., . 1 1^' ' .1 ;i. :i ti..ii«-
., , , 3'J; ',\ii,r-'- !•'. . ' X :i.j: ■ ,i..'i rtlSO
>. '.'-,.■■' 1 1. .1,' ■
,-■.!.;:. ! N. , ■ I ■ ■■ -'..•' I' .'ii'l' f1
1^
. Uil. 1 . '
■ .|. (>l ! 'l .1-.
!■ • (i;.l'.-ii*'l liii'.* (.' ^
►•.-•*'.'it Uiitip.- .''ri' '
. •lilic'i, tJ.U l..:|.l!iil^
\!lr. -I..' 1 .^clUli' «'!' ■ n- i
«ri' ifii i'r.iiil .-ii'.'! ': • ••'•
i •■' Mi^di tilt- as; 'il' ' ' '■'
•! .■ i.lit.iii'U'V. -.11 'I-
■:■■ . .,-, ■:•!:, I- S:ilj- \ '
(.1 ;iM »;.- , ■■.. '. - . -
^ '•'. ■■■irlii . i'l .!> ' . .,'il_v
'.^ 'fllln'V li. i.i ■'•■IS' <.>l'
. ,( . (_.:./.-,, ■ , 1,1 , .(• 'A
Vr ,.'. V I i .''!''■ '■■■■>
' I.. J '-■, I.- '
/. ( .. ,:.■ . -■
lli-i.'
• t .. l.'P./.T.ll
- >i - .1.. .:■••' " '■>"■■ . ■■
,i fl.ul )(,..... ...ii
-; - X.-i^. h- ■ V
. ,1 !■ nlmi; I ' " •
(> nil- 1. r." iiii-' H.'n.'
.ft iji-'Sliiiph >;, Jf A a
-> -1 ^ a>.
'/.*"'*■<
'*^^P "
t i^
1?lft
i!'-X -j
'fli
%JK..'?
ii
•%
?^.
^
«^ /•
■^ ■ flS I
«
^•A
t'-
1i
#*i
!C-
1*:^^
•^
It
ft.*
iH>5*
ijt^*^
fc'i-
t: ^j:^ f ■
FIVR DAYS AT JERUSALEiM.
17
not loss tlmn tlirno hundred n\v\ fifty foot. Of course
thcri' must liiivo liccii scvcriil [licrs iukI iirolips. Wliiit a
niajjiiitinht |mMmn;ii iilmij; tliin ciiUHowiiy, from tlio
floutli pori'li of till' 'rruijili' til /inn !
Itiit tlii.i \h not till' plai'i- to M|ii'iik of tlio ((lory of
Zioii. Wu iirt! now iiriiriii'^ lur w.ill ; lli;it n.irrow
|)iiss;inr likr ii roniilnr ii|ii-ii to till' sky, with tliat Ihil,'i'
nmssivo will! risini.' .iImmii forty frri, mul iit tlui Imso uf
the wall wliirll .sil|i|iiilts tlir Wi'sl siili' of tlir Tiiiiiili'
uri'ii, is till' Witi/iiiij /'/lice of tlio .lows. |)oiilptliss
tlioso liirj^o stoiii's willi lii'volli'd ('il;;os — souio of ihoiu
htill |irisi'iviiii{ till' jiiilisli so oiirofiilly tooloil ii|Hin tliiin,
as ymi will notioo on tlio olil Kjiyptiaii niniiuuii'iit^i —
I ■1110(1 piirt of tlio (I'lnnhitions of tlio Holy 'IViiiiilo
itw !. (,'ortiiinly tlii'v aro not lator than Iloroil's day.
Hor»' wo SIX' a sad and allii'tini; slight, tlio most jiainfiil
pporlac'lo in .lorii.H;ilriii ; tlioro iiio at loast tilty Jow.s,
old and young, \vlii(o liradod, tiirlianiioil, fur-iMpliod, or
I'ro.il-hattod, aloii<; tho wall, |ir.'iyin;; and laiiioijtini;,
with tears running; down tloir oliroks. Thoy lay thoir
foiohoiids Hi,'ain.st tho saoroil stonos. thoy kids tlioni.
'J'liiy loan ai;ainst tiio wall, and sooniiiiL;ly try to |iray
tliroii',di crarks and iToviofs. Tho t i.-idition whiili loads
thoni to |iray thriiinjh as woll as ii,i;.iiiist this wall is,
that iluiini< the liiiildiiii; of tho 'I'oinplo. a oloinl rostod
ovin' it, so as to |iroM'iit. any ontranoo; and Solomon
stood at tho door, and prayod that llio oloinl iiiiyht lio
romovod, and piomiMd that tho Tomiilo should always
bo oponoil to nion of oviiv nation dosiiin^' to olfor up
prayers; whoroiipon tho l/nd roniovod tho oioiid, and
|ironiisod that tho priyors of all poopio oHiiod u]i in
that place should tind aocoptanoo in liissi;;lit; and now,
as tho .Mussulman lo,i|s it over the plaee wlioro the
'rem])lo stood, and tho Jew.s aro not perniitted to
oiitor, they endeavour to iiisinuato thoir prayers
throujjh the crevices in the will, that thoy may rise
from tho intoiior to the tin .no ot Grace (.see p32)
How lonj; and fervent their prayers! See how they
stand, with the ri;,dit foot extended, aiid the ISilile in
their hand, intoning the Laniontations of deroniiah
(v., 21, 22, L'.'!', or the l'>alnis of |)aviil or sinj^ini; with
Isaiah (l.xiv., 9-11) : " lie not wr.illi very sore, () Lord,
iioither ronioiiilior iniipiity for over. ISohold ! seel
wo lie.seecli 'I'lioel wc are all Thy peo|il('. Thy Holy
cities aro a wilderness, Zion is a wilderness, Jorusahni
a desolation. Our holy anil heaiitiful house, where
our fathers jiraised Thee is liiirned up with tire, and
all our plexsant thinijs are laid wa.sto." Benjamin of
Tudela mentions this touchins; custom in the twelfth
century. After tho capture of the city liy Adrian, the
Jews were excluded fiom enlerinj^ within Jerusalem,
and it was not until the age of Constantino that they
were permitted to approieli so as to hehold Jeru.salem
from the neijjlilioiiriiij; hills. At loiiglh they were
allowed to enter the city once a year, on the day on
which it was taken hy Titus, in order to wail over the
ruins of the Temple ; hut this privilege they had to
purchase of the Konian .soldier.s,
Tho present conditi in of tho Jew at Jeru.salem is
exactly what it was when Nehouiiah attempted their
restoration. " Tli'.; remnant that are loft in the cap-
tivity, these are in great atlliction and reproach."
All the Jews in I'alestine are under the .sjiiritual
domination of a Chief Kalibi, called Clinckhdiii liushi,
" the First in Zion." He is assisted by a special
council of seven leading rabbi.s, and a Large numlier of
sub-i-abbis. Hither, to the Holy City, asking but to lay
their buuesin JebuKka]>hut, Jews crowd from all parts
of the world ; but there is no trade, no cmploympiit,
and thoy aro, consoriuontly, niisernbly poor. The muIi-
Rcriplion for tho Jews, goiiondly, throU'^hout tho world,
does not avail to allow the |H)orer .lews more than
thirty shillings a year, on which wretched pittance they
live iiiisordily, starve and die, constant in their tailh,
thoiiudi strongly tonipted aside by schools, and hospitals,
and allowanoos, and employment, otl'ored in pious /oal
by the dim rent divisions of I'rotostant Christians, who
lay out large sums of money annually in .lorusidom for
tho )iiirpo,se. The convertod Jew is desiii.sod by his
biothron and reg.irdod iis a dead man ; but the un-
lonvortod Je.,' is looked down u|ion alike by Christian
and Turk, nay, it would cost a Jew his lite, even at
this niomont. should he venture into the (Jliurcli of the
Holy Sopiilchio, or I'veii within the outer court of his
liolovodTompli', Thoy arodivisible into Sephardimand
Askoiiarim, or the Spanish and (iornian communities,
or soiithorn and iioitliorii Jews, the latter numbering
4, 000, tho fornior about 7,000. Kacli class has its own
synagogues, and aro again divided. The old 1'hari.sees
.'.till niiiain in the rorotis-choiii, which means ''.sepii-
i-,ilod" or "isolated." The class lussuming that title
atloct great piety, and a knowledge of the mysteries of
•he Kaliala. Almost all agree, however, in adopting
the Talmud and its traditions as their canon. Yet
tlici-e is a .sect of Jews which rejects i verything but
tiie sacred Scri|ituri's ; but it isa very snuill community,
ami rarely ropioM'iitod in Jerusalem. That swarthy
proud-looking follow with the pitchfork in his hand («<«
p. 49), lominds us that tho Itechabite.s, still exist, and
boast their dosoont from .Ictliro, the father-in-law of
Jlose.s.anil High I'riostof Jlidian. Thoyarestilldwellers
in tents, and still, as in the time of Jeremiah, oli'er an
e.\aniplo to the faithless sons of Israel (Jeremiah xxxv.,
!"<). Tiny drink no wine, and would deem it a trans-
gression to dwell ill houses or obtain a living otherwise
than by agriculture.
Near this wall or Wailing-Place is a hospital founded
for the Jews by the humanity of M. do Itothsehild,
Kach bed bears the name of one of the members m
that family — a nionumont of their charity. Here, too,
is a school for Jewish children recently erected —
and bountilully supported by Sir Moses Montetiore, but
bore, as everywhere, the Jewish quarter is full of dirt,
and dust, and nasty smells. The men have a nuigiii-
licent ii]ipearance, in spite of all tho poverty uud
the squalor around.
Having seen tho Jews in their present degradation,
we now revert to the Jesvish Sanhedrim, in its haughty
pride, and look for the place whither the Saviour of
the world was brought before tho Council of the Jews
to be questioned. We tind it in the present Mehheiiieh
or Council-house (or ( .uildhall), of the Turk.s, at the
western wall of the Temple, just where Josephus tells
us the " first wall " of Jerusalem abutted. VV'e learn
from the Psalmist that it was built on piers or arolios,
and that like the [iresent building it had one entrance
to the Temple ai'ea, and another to the city. It has
now a splenilid Saracenic portal, and here is the most
beautiful Saracenic Fountain in Jerusalem, of which
our artist has made a drawing (sec p. 8), showing tho
wonu'U of Jerusalem as of ohl, fetching and carrying
water from it. " You shall meet a nian bearing a
pitcher of water," was tints a special direction whereby
to notice the individual, sure to engage tho attention
of the disciples of our Lord, when searching for a fit
place and person to prepare the Last Supper. The San-
f
2S
liorl
ALL ROUND THE WOItLD,
rim anil it*! siil),'iUorn<i, liavin!; co ,ltMiiiM'(l, mockod,
mill lihis|ilirTiii>ii>ly iiiMlliviii,',! (,'lii-ist, "then Ir.l they
Ji'su.s (Vulii ('.-li.ililiiis. \iiit(> llic> iudiiun'llt stMf i)f l'il;it(',"
ami it was raiiy. ami llicv llifniM-ivt's went ii'it into
tlio jii(li,'im'nt liall, ]i'.-.t tlii'V ^lamlil Ik
I ■Hi,'
lait
tliat tiny iiiiijiit cat tiif ]i;i>.siivi'r. I'ilatc tlini wmt
If iml-iiii'nt liall cit' I'ilat
f was
hA
ow, wlMi'M IS r
•ijanli'ii as one of tlio five towers of
Fmt Antniiia, ami stamis liv an arcliwav of immii
uivlnti'c'turc.
A I.'
iit<-(l
!:mi:iII |iiiri
li: I
1"
CS to till' lift of till
irii' was sal
I to I
lavc In 'II
I'll ^((((c/i/, or bacilli MauTaso, ii|i and down wine
till' ii-lfliniti-d
I d.
on Ins wav
1,1 JI,t,h1s I'
iilai'c an, I oa
k. and alsi
altii- Ills ,|cl'\ , ly to tin s,i|,lii'i;i, tl>.- Sa\ i,,iir niii~l liavi'
apailiii,'iit ill till' 'l',i\vi'i- of •'**'^ ''all iliii's asi i'iid,Mlaliild,'MM'ii,li ,1. 1 1 wa- r,ni,'\ cd l,y
if tilt' l'anoor,,r ("oiistaiitiiir to .St. John
nut to tlirni. 'I'l
uii(loilli((i|ly a lalX'o
Antonia, siliiali'd on tln' noitii\M>t rormi ot' tlio tli,' jijoiis cai
']'.
fni|ilo ana. Tilato. without iMn,l,iMiiin',' iiiiii. si'iit
"I
liiiu n|i to lliToil A
had, no doiilit,
litipas, 'I'rtraivli of t;
•niu nil to thr Ira-l.
tl
llllro. « lio
ainl wa^ .iiHini\ inj;
le niaj.'i,ilici'nt ralaco of IIiTod tli,' (
ri'Mt. iiiMi- the
Towi'i-of Ili|)|ii,ii.s, wlii'iT till' fliiof |iiio>ts and sriilics
stood, and vi'lu'iiii'iitlv ai'cii.si'd Josn?
till' l.ati-i-aii sronvi'iit. This ''Mi'
'I'-
ll into the I'm--
hi:
toriinii liy llicijiiaid-rooni , if thr lioniaii.soldii'rs. An ir,ii
doMi niah'i'a gati'W.iy lioi-c, ahoiit twenty |iaci'- fiirihur
nil. Iiads into the I'oiivi'iit of ,Iil' Fla'_'ill.iti',ii. which
liiarl<> till' [ilacc where tli,' s,i|,liers nioekid and ><"oiirtc<l
I Herod, with 1^'"' Loi'd. 'I'lie early Ciirisiians rai.su 1 a iliapel on tliis
s men of war, .si't him at iioiii;lit ai
id.
nl moeki'i
ini, |81'<'t ; Olio
On
,s will tell voii how this eh'iivh
ind .irrayed liiin m a i.'orLri'oiis loli,
le ■'ovenior lia\ iii''
iiiil sent linn h.-iek
to I'ilati'. Tile ■;ovenioi- lia\ iiii; I'Xainine,] liim, in-
foniie,! the eliief |irii'sts and the iiiIits ami tlie ]i,'.ijile
nsseiiiKlcl in the yard of the l",,it of .Vntmiii. t|i:it as
neither hi' nor Herod i Id liml .mytliiii" w.a'iiiv of
death in the Afessiah. lie would eliasli-i'and release him.
was ill ruins in 1(118, and how the .son ot the
Governor of that iLiy reiiaired it auJ made a stable
jf it, .nnil how on flio iiiv'ht of the 1 Itli .T.ninarr. 1010,
the tete of the llolv Nairn
all the lior.-is I
lacitl
in it died, and so lii,' Turks ahaiiil Un'il the liiiildinir>.
A
I'i
I, I Ink,' .M;!\ii
>f l'.a\ari.i
But the nialii'ioiis hii'r.irehs liaxinir lin.illv e.Morled '' '" I "^ i"^. di'|il"r' d Us condition, an,| jiaid tor relmild-
his c,inili'iiiii.itioii. he is tak,'ii into the I'ra'toriiiin In tin? i i"- ''"' loiiveiit and eh.'ipel. 'I'luie is still t" I'c sei'ii
soldiers, arrayed in iiioek rmallv. and sniitti'ii. liv.iled " l"''!''' ifnl nmsaie |ia\enii'iit, whether of the I'rietoriiuo
^vilh ihe nt st in,li:,'nily ami .iiieliv, and lin.illv or tin 'ri^in.il t 'liapel is doulitful.
I'ilate. iieeu|iyiiii,' his |iidi;nii'nl -eat oiil ,.11 ( laMi.itlia,
or "the |.a\i'nii'nl." Iiriiiii,'lit lilni oiil of the riieloriiiui.
('onmiL; out of this :,'ate we have hetore lis the Pahice
of I'i late, now only a 11 lined portion ofalniuse. .\ Tiirkisli
|iost iiM' it for liarraeks. It coniniainis a iharmiiij;
\\fw of the (Teni|ile) Ks|ilanade of the Mo~i|Ue of
> •iiiir, .iiid tliei,'ardi'n> and eorri'loi's, ami iiiarlile |iiil|'it
o: lii t .sacred locality .<-'« j>. 33), from that iipi" r
ehaialir, wliire voii may set' the Turkish colonel
siii,il>iiii; at the window as hi' traininilly enjoy.s tiej
■rowiied with
le ii:a
and common)
d to the .lews
II ! ' exclaimed
iiiil"W from which
inei 'I.
I'l' ol' I'il.ite's hoiivc
stieit. A lofty
toll. I'roiii which
delivt
ni es troll!
tliese
lied ■'The .Stations'
the proees.-.ion of
ir, soielv liiirtlii 111- 1
iw street, and "e
's o|ien, at III hers
le walls on i-ither
Jlii'le is just siicii
the |irisiiiiers p:i.ss
called till hel.tors
such .!> this — no
ne.s, which, inarkcil
ji'iint out to ymir
ii; the pi-aves "f
the
ited with them, is
this r/'i /Jdlorogii.
■ry. .\ few small
le « !• I. I.'.ttice,
-|i'it.'i..is, i;:,ziiii;
I.:, I. ml the sleep
e nanies, with
i
ft,
I
I
I
FIVK DAYS AT JKRUSALF.M.
29
fisornt iintil wo turn tlio stroot bv wliicli stands the
ni'iitly liiiill liniHc of tlic Austrian ■^lIlSlll:ltl•. At tliis
ciiriiir. iin the li'tt. is a I'nluinn. wliic marks tin" " Tliiril
Station." lii'inu ♦'"' plari' wlnri' dm- Saviour lii-st s;ink
(liuvn miller tin- \viMf,'lit of tlii" Cross. Turiiin:^ our
liacks to tiiis I'olinnn, vn- sec on tin* siilc of this stri'i't
a (lila|iiilali'il cimrcli, — wliat is Icl't of tin' ruin-, of " < >ur
Lailv of Siurows," — ii\iiil on tlir r-pot ulii-rr tin- Holy
Mary — wlioliail hrcnat fjist ch :,i'na»ay l>y I In' nuanls —
met lii'r Son, lic-mlin^' lii'i.catli tlii> xsi-iijlit of the ( 'ross,
St. r.onifaii' an<' St, Ansi'Ini liavi' |>r<viviil tlirtra
(lition, wliicli till' lovf of cviry Cliri-^tian niotlu'r li.is
])cr|iituat('il Mary. \vi> know, was at tlic \''«>t of tim
('ross, willi Mary, till' wife of ( 'liiiplias ami .Mary Mai;-
(lali'u (.lolni xi\.. :.'-"i). St. I'MMiila.i' t.lls us, tiiat tin'
\'irgin "sank to tlu' ^ronml as if lifi'lrss, and ro\il(l
not uttt-r a siiiLllf word " St. Uixhu assirts tli.it
Christ said, " Ihiii, niolhrr!" " I'iLiliticn lonturios of
[ii'r.si'ciition withoni iMid," says ' 'li.ito.aiiliriand, " of in-
cessant rcvoliil ion>, of continually incnasini; ruins, have
not lici'n hIiIc to erase or liid.e the traces of a mother
};oinj; to \vee|i over iic" son." This is tlie " Fourth
Station."
Till' road, wliich nfore ran east and west, makes
heri' a .sliarji allele, and 'urns to the north and .south,
the Via Dolorosa conlinuinL; in tlu' latter iiiii>etioii —
the former tr. iidiiii; n\> to the h.iniaMUs (late I'm-
ceediui; southw.irds, ah mt sixty yard~ to tlu' lelt, we
come to the llonse of the liicli Man il.uke.wi 1 ).
now a Military llosjiital. The stone- of which it is
liiiilt are laid ni eour.'-es of ri'd and white, .so that you
can oa.sily recoi;ni.se it. Clo.se liy he;-, . I'he .lews, seeing
that lieir victim was int i'.tile to cirry his ('r .ssai;y
on^i-r. c uij;ht '.lold of Simon the Cuenean. wlio was
just goiii;; into the lilv towaids the tiate of K|iliraim la
str<'et fioi 1 <,liich IcaiLs up heni. and made him as.-.i>t
in carryinj; it. This is the ■ Filth Station." A niche
in the wall ut tlie auijle of the street on our riirlit
VIA DOLOROSA.
Thus far we Iiave trai-eil the Sacred S>'ono. It is
hand, sliosvs at a short di-tance on tin- lelt the ln-oken imiiossilile even to jienise, in thi> (ios])i Is, the moiirnful
shaft of a column markii!'.: the situation of the housi-, hislorv of Our Lord'.^ sulhrin^, with, )ut the most |iaiii-
on the threshold of which lUrenice, at'terward-- known fid emotion. What must he the fei lin^sof a ('hristi.in
as Saint Veronica lor the Holy Woman I'f the True niind, when, with |irofound and niel.melioly admiration,
liiiaiiei. e.ime forth to wijie the swe.it ul au'ony from it traces the scenes iiround, and follows the very foot-
the snllerin^ Siivioiir's hrow. and received on her hand- steps <if the Saviour at the foot of Mount Zion, in
kerchief the full ini|ircss and cliai-:icter of lli> Holy si;;ht of tlu' Tiiu|ile, and within the very walls ivf
vi-iiye. This is the " Sixth Station,'" .liru.s,ilem I The \'ia Dolorosa it.si If is only a mile
Here ends the Tia Holorosi and comnicnci- tlio in lcni;th, hut it has taken just two iionrs to a.scend it
descent of C'alvary. Hi ri lui^'in-^ wh.il anAnniuaii lo the |ire>cii( point. It has lieeii caliulated that the
missionary has called '• ihc n>o>t int< if-tni;; h.iil .icre ilistaiiee traMr-ed liv 'he Sa\ iour hetwecu the " I'pper
on till' face of the I'.irl.i;' for within that sp.ne are ■ lioom" and (edL;ollia, was from four to live miles;
Jloiint (.'.iKary, (Jol^'olla, ami the Holy Si.ouKlire, iVom /ion to ( Jelh.-cmane, IMMi yards; ( o'th.scniano to
the .sieni' of our Lonl s l':.>sii n, Hon>e of Annas, 1',-10(( ; House of Annas to Hii;h
We ha\c' re.ichcd the top einl of (he \"\.. l)o|oros;i, I'riest's Palace, iMi"' ; Hii;h Priest's Palace to (jouncil
and liej;in now to desivnd. We now pass through a Hou.-e, 100 ; Conncil House to I'ra-torium (in Anto-
|iortion of a vaulted Tinkish liaAiar. and on coming; nia), lOt) ; I'ra'torimn to Herod's Palace, 1,000 ; Herod'*
out a;;ain, .see three columns del otin-; tlu' spot ol Palace, hack to Pra'loriniu, 1,0(H(; Prx'lorinm to (iol-
aliother, the thinl, fall of Our Saviour under his jjotha, tiOO, Total yards, ^,000.
n|ipiessive hurt hen. Kach time was he tlriven forward We niav now step across the .s(|nare and proceed ou to
as we are tohl, hy the hlows am! icviliii^ of the iiii- the aw fnl consummation of the d.iy's procei'di'.!j;siis set
patient soldiers, amid the tears oi iii- l.^l lowers, and the lorth hefore ns in the mau'iiilicent and world-reuowiied
pilyiiii; daiii^htiis of .leriisideio, .md the outcries oftlie (.'hiircli of the Holy Sijuilchro.
fanatic parly of the .lew.s, ii..iiiv of whom — stiain^eiu
liom the outer country — were pre.s<'nt for the Fe;i.--t.
rp the little street to the liLrlit. and we reach the
sijuare of llie elinrch of CaU.iry, or oftlie llcsurreilion,
which is iiiclndiil, tojjether with that of the |li-co\riy
of the Holy !', OSS — three ( 'liiirch>'s, under the oue roof
of Ihc ('huroh of lie l\n\\ Sepnlchri'.
VI.— THE cnrilCH OF THE HOLY
SKPl'I/'HllF.
TllK ^'presentation Wf have jjiveii of this nolilo
Church (pam' ',!), t.iki n as it is, from a plioioj^raph. ami
ive a loriiit notion ol
80
ALL KOUND THE WORLD.
llic inaLrniiici'iit cIiMriii^tor of tliis aujinst rdilici', wliicli,
in its ciiiiiliiiiMliiiii nf .sts li', r;ills to iiiiml iiiciiioiics ot'
tile ( 'nisuiliTs, iis well iis tlii" I'lV/MMtilii' :[;;(' of its
(.Ti'i'tion. Till' ( 'ouvcnts tliat riiistir round it, iis if
)niclii- its siicrcil slicltcr, miIiI to its iiii|iii'>sivi' ma-
jesty liy iiii-ri'iisi' of iinvi, aini (o its |iii-tiu<'S(|U('iii'ss liy
tlu'ir liaiiiioiiioiis iric'j;iiliiiity. CMiistiiiiliiii''s iiiotiu'r,
tlif Kni|.icss lli'lcna, Imilt the Ciiiircli of tlui Holy
Si'iml.liic. It liiis liccn (ii'i'd and vavaj,'i'd, Imt not
dcsdoycd ; and tlion!,'li restored and in some |iarts ri'
luiilt liy tlie t 'i-Msaders and oilier < 'inistians, aneieiit or
otiier« ise, iclainsitsaneient form . Wiienderusalem last
fell under the .Midiammailan yoke, the Syrian Lhristiaiis
ransomed the Cluireh of the Holy Se|Milehie with a
I'oiisiderablo sum, and monks repairi'd thither to defend
■ttilh their prayers a spot entrusted in vain to the arms
of kiii;,'s. It is said that, within three eeiitnrii's uf
(liir Lord's saeriliee, the Christians olitaiiied permis-
sion lo Imild, or rather relmild, a elinreh ovei' the
T.'nd). ami to enelosi' in the new City the spot venerated
liy the Chiislians. 'I'he^e plaees wei-e afteiwaids pro-
faned, hut reeovered and restori'd hy thi' I'lineess
Helena. The letter of t 'onstaiitine the Kmperor. to
.Maeariiis. Bishop of Jerusalem, is still extant, in which
he eomnialids him to ereet a ehurell on the plaee where
lie' ejral niyshry of Salvation was aeeoniplished
('ouiing into ilie court, wo oliserve the pavement —
Worn under the li ci of innuim'ralile pili;rims — the
high tower, the Saracenic arches of the « indows and the
enlraiiee. as well as the ruins of pillars of liyzanline
anhileclure This court is paveil, you see, with the
common 111;; sI'mic of .lerirsalem, and is ahout ninety
feet lon^ liy se\cnty wiile. The two ample doorways
lire el.ihor.itely ornainenled, hut the wliojc is eieitly
dilapidated. Tin' tower on the west hasai,'raiid elli-'i't :
there are now hut two .storis, and tlii' ruins of a third,
lint there Were fiiice t'i\e. The iiiiiler st.iry is the
Chapel ofSi.d..lin; souihofii js ihati'f .Mai'y Ma',,'-
daleiu', and .elj. lining this is (he t'liapid of St. .lames ;
con Heeled « ilh it and faciiij; the western side of the court,
i.s .a ranire ot ch.ijiels ; tin' ap.se, or .-emieireular opening
liehind the altar, (by which the priest pas-.es to pre-
pare the llo^t), appi'aring e\tern,dly as liul'resses.
The whole is a vast .-iiid laviutit'ul nionuuienl of the
J>y/-intine age, of an aichiiecture .■,c\eic, solemn, gr.iiid
and rich 'Ihe inoiiuiiient appears, if not worthy of
the Toiiilp <•[' the Son of Man, cerlainly of those wiio,se
wi^h h.i< lieeii lo do it honor. 'I'lie -m.tll .Mo~i|Ue
which faces I hi, iihc^nilicenl edilice w.is Imlll Ky tMiiar,
when, after c"n.pierin_' the lily, he i.iine to oiler his
)ii'ayer at the ll'Jy Touili. Hut a dilliculty .'irose in
the geiieioii, mjlid of the pioils Chief of the I'ait hi'ul.
The act of his kneeling there would immedi.'iiely accord-
ing to ii>ai,'e. li.iM' converted the whole luiilding into
a ino.s.pie. an>l >o deprived the Christ iaii^ of then- most
I'herished iiciiuiiii ni. I >e>irous, w ilhil. ofnoi pa^sin;;
the Tonili of the I'rophet .lesu.s wilho'ii olli'ring up
his thanks l<ir ihe vicl'iry he liad ohl lined, Omar
ordered the pi. ice on which this moM|ue stands tw bu
cleared of the lillh and iiiiiis which eneiindiered it,
iinil, pi'ostr.ilini; himself thei-e, addiced a itini'n. or
]irayei, to the I'itcrnal, o|' whiili the nio>i|iie ilselt
W.IS. siiliv'i)ue!iily, ereetcil iu Com uiemor.ii iou. The
lirojierty iu llie Church of the Holy Sepulchre
is vested III the Sultan, as a nie.ms of ensuring
free mid i"iiil access to all eominunities of tin'
Christians and Turk.s ; whose rcpi'oenlalive.s, resident
on the spot. Would otherwise, us they too oiicu do
even now profane it by their indecent qnnrrels. Even
now, Turks aiid Cliri.~tians alike nnanimously refuse
admission to the Jew, who. as a, descendant of the
Saviour's murderers, would enter at the sure peril of his
life. The key is in the hands of the governor of tlio
Crty. 'Ihe iloor is ojieiied only at tixeil hours, and then
only with the con.scnt of the three convents. Armeniiui,
Latin, and Greek The rush of iiilgrims this day
is .soniething tremendous: we have aonw. dillieulty
in pushing our way through the motley tlireiig.
Kvory man of any seiisiliility must feel all'eeted at the
sight of .SI) many people ol all nations, thu.s jiressiug
to tlie tomb of Christ the Saviour of all, and at hearing
pr.iyers otiered uji to Him in so many dill'ereiit
langu.e,'es. here on the very spot where tlie Holy
Spirit give to twelve huiiible men, the A]iostles of (Joil,
the gilt of speaking in all the tongues of the earth,
W itii this serious and solemn impression we enter the
na\e, pa.ssingthe Turkish guard, who, sitting on a divan,
in till' western cut ranee, have their eotli'e cups and pi|K'.s
placed before them on I he carpet. Pilgrims, travellersaiid
visitors of eveiy hue and dveofihe Krank order, are ex-
jiected. if not reipiired, to make bare both n, id and foot
on enteriiii: any of the s.-ured localities! t' _■ Holy City,
whether .Jesuit. Moslem, or Christian ;. and at the
Holy Sepulchre, the visitor is expected to (lolf his shoes
a. well as his hat : nor iiiust yon cross your hands
behind your back, or show the slightest gesture of
"taking it easy, " or longiin; disrespect — if such vul-
garity of mind could by po.s.sibility display itself within
such preeiiict.s, or in the presence of such memorie.s.
We ;^ee, at once. i>n i.ssuing from the vestibule, that
we are in the lirst of the throe chiinlies that
eonslitule the great whole, and that the Church of
Calv.iry, the tirst we enter, is built in the lorin of •
cross, the (.'hapel of the Holy Sepulchre constituting
ill (act the nave of the editicc. We stand at once
under till' large cupola of theilome. This grand rotunda
is mo>t striking and impressive. It rises to a height
of about one huedred teet. and the circular opening
at the top. for light, is about tilteen fict in dia-
metei-. We lia\e to obsiive, that to the .shame of
Christendom the roof is out of repair, tor the covering
of lead has been torn oil' by the wind, and there is a
contest for tin; right of lepairing it. Sixteen marble
cohimns adorn the eircumfereiiee of this rotunda.
They are connected by si'Veiitceii aiclas, and support
an upper gallery, likewise composed ol si.xleeii columns
.'ind scvi'iiteeii arelie... ol' smaller dimensions than ih.'se
of till! lower range. Niches correspiuMliiig with the
arches appear above the frieze of the .second gallery,
and ihe dome springs from the arches of these niches.
The pictures of the twelve apostles. Si, Helena and
the Kinperor (.'onstaii.ine, with some other portraits,
unknown, that once adorned these niches, were
dislioyed by the lire in IMKS. The Church of the
Holv ."-epiilchre sl,iiids at tiiefoot of Calvary, iis eastern
li'olit adjoins that eminence, beneath and upon which
are the two other ehuiehes connected with il bv courts
and ,stairca.sc,'<.
We h.ive omitted to mention that in this original
dome were large beams of the cedars of l.ebanon,'
' I'lic Ci'iliir uf tlie llilile i.H now (iiiifuiihl to one Km HJily. Tlii'
n-lclii'iilcil Cciliirsof l.t-lhinoit aresitniittil lii^h up in tlu'innunliiinii,
ti'ii liniii-s ^^.^ aliiiiit twt'nty-ri;:lit imli'p,) Hiiutli i ast frniii 'I'ripoli.
Ill ^lll'r^llh is clini'tly wc'^t In tlic reniuiitii' fiiiiyv (itllic KIiuiIisIik,
t»" tlmiisaiMl lii'l IhIow tlieui, uiiil Kliiltii is tlirw Imhiin' iljsliint
on r r ru.aitu Xri(iuli. InnuuilKr |iartuf Sjruiiit'tla.' iii>miitaiiui
^
Ill, 1 1 '^ V -1 . ,, • -.'• ■
/■■ ■ .1'
1/ I ■■ '
■•''■;'yf ' .' ■■
Till- \VAit.iN(; I'l.Acr.-jKws rRAViv; at tiii'. wai.i, vi hik tkmii.i: ui sni.uMiiN.
I i
f :,
,,,|ii(IPiiijl;l|y(i||Hi'i|i(',.'i'|ii|iii'i^^
I 'liij'ilJilJ'f!!
mm
■ 'J :!;ni iijlll'l,
i:ri 1'
il'
1
Sai.!
!i ill'
i.L.i; i
I'll 'iii ; ^!^l':!i,
llf'i?
i,\j"
';;;(i!ilir'ii!'l''i:ll'i''
mi
' i III '■;<«'
fir
I |:u'KH';!!:lf 'ill'
,;'•''''! i^i''P''"i '„'''v'il''i 111 '
imr
iiiii'
'.,,'1'
' ' I' ; 'III i.iv' M'
■1.11 ;;i,
I ■''!'! ''iHii'''
!l
i'M
'iiii
I ,1
pa
i!i'i^:::11
ir.
,; '^iiirii"'!l'liill',:'^
ill 'hi
!"pli
'Mm
r,i ' 'liii'i.li' ^
' :i li
1: ii[;;i|!|
W.
40&
'[■fa I '
, vll ' 'I
Ill' *'iiV t tit ■: '■'■'
'■•» '■ru^':.*»''i!*i'i';:^
I' :>il|1' 'II ' ' Uliin.W < >'
I
FIVE DAYS AT JERUSALEM.
86
*
i
:j
'i
destroyed by the fire of 1808, and impossible to be
replaced.'
Tlio CJreck cliiircli opens fmin tlie Rotiindn, nnd is
in a line witli it, tli(M|i;li sejiaiuted liy a partilinn nf
piiiiited wiiiid liiiiii; with pictiiii's, and siMu'iilarlv picit'use
witii in'iiaincnts of every descriptidii. It is a i^orgeoiis
aOiiit', l)la/iii<{ witii ^old (jiiite np to the (h>nio. It Iras
1 iii^h altar at tlie east end, and wide tntiisejits at the
weHt, and is alioiit a hundred feet from west to east,
'and tlie same from nonli to souili. The (huklookini;
eliapi'l of the Ijitins, opening; from the north east, will
not sustain a comparison wiili the f;oi'i;eous •;litti'r of
the Cireeks ; nevertheless, these ehnrehesalto^ether ilo
not fail tu create a soh'inu ami impressive feeiini;.
Krected as they are on au uneipial surface, illiimineil
by a multitude of hunps, a sondire, dim, reIi;{ious li;{lit
jjcrvadcs thc^ whole, and is sinj;ulavly mysterious.
I'riests of the dill'.'i'ent divisions of Christianity are
.seen moving; about the liuildmi;. From the arches
above, from the chapels below, and suliterraneaii vaults,
their so]|i;s are beard, the origan of tin' Latin fathers,
the cymlials of the .\l>y.-^inian piiest, or the plaintivo
accents of the (.'optic fiiar. tilterMMtily or at once assad
the ear. You iidiah' the pirfiii f incense all arouml.
and meiely perceive tlie pontilf— who is fjoiiiL; to eelc-
brate the most awCul of mysteries on the very spot
where they were accomplished — pass cpiickly by, ulide
so alpiTH', till' proportietis so ;:i>„'jnitir, tin' lavjiu'^sn ])'iif<>iiiitl and
awtul. Till' platliirMi cm vvliiili ihiv slaiiil is inure lliaii siv llimi
8anil (ri't alinvc tlie .Moilitt'rriiiu'aii, aint aroiiin) it nri' Lrallit-ri il
tlie VI rv talli'.vt anil ^'iiiji'st licails nf l.i'liaiinn. 'I'lic liu'est is imi
IarL;i'. tmi mure ttiiui live linniliril trees, ^reat and small, t:riiiiiied
irrc^nliii'ly mi the sides iif sliallovv ravines wliieli inaik tlie liirlli tt(
the Khailisha river. A iii^h: ainoiii! the I'eilars is never f"r-
(jiilteii — iM'iu'iith itie yiaiit anus Dt'lheiio old patriarelis there euines
It Mill mil Imsh npmi the ttnal. Some of the trees iire striiek down
In lijrhliniiir, hi'okeii In enormous leads of snow, or turn to tra:'-
mentu hy temiiests. 'I'liere is u eoiii|tlete gradation from old lo
youiitf — viiuii); triTS are e. instantly s)a'iii^iiii; ii|i Iruni t!:'j it; f
of old ones and trom seeds of rijte eimes. 1 In; jxirtli of the
liirjiest is mole than forlv-t«o feet: the hei};ht of the hi);lii si
may lie one hundred. These larjiest, h'Wever, ])art into two ur
three only a few feet from the jjroiiiid. 'I'lieir iitfe i* very uneirtiiin,
jndi:ili(^ from what are eiilled the t/roift/is or iiiiniial eoneentrie
elnlen. The liirtli of some of them may 1h' carried hack thni'
thoiisiind tive hundred years. They are carved lull of iimnes and
dates, and the trrowlh !.iiiee the earlie.'^t date has heen almost
nolhinp. At this rate of increase they iiiu.tt have Ueii growing:
ever since the Flood !
' Of the tire whieli iittaeked the tomb in IROS, the fol-
lowing neconnt is f;ivin hy an eyewitness: — "The heat
was ») excessive, that the niarhle columns whieli surrounded
the ciitular huildiii);, in the centre of whieh stisid the siiend
(jpitto, were eoinpletely pidverised. 'I'he lamps aial ehaii-
(hliirs, with the other vessels of the Church— lnass, and silver,
Hii'l u'ohl — were lue'led like wax ; the molten lend rrmn the
iiiiiiMti4e dome, whiclu'rowned the Holy Sepulchre, ]Minred down
in torrents; the Cha|H'i ereeti'd hy the Crusaders on the tup of the
iii"iiulitli was entirely euii.Miiii.'d ; half the oniaineiital han^in^s
ill the ante-eh:ipi'l of tlii' .Vnpl were seorelied ; hut the c.ive it>elf,
thoiiirli delugi d with a shower of had and liiirie<l ill a ni(uiiit.iin of
tire, ri'ceivetl not the slii;litest in,)nr\ iiitei-ii;i1ly ; the silk lamgin^s
and llie painting of the Itesurreelioii I einainiii);, in the niiilst of
the volcanic erii|ili<in, uns<':ithed liy llame, the smell of tire not
having passed u|K)ii them." T'liis was nut the tirst e«ape'lthe
llnly Si'iailehie IVoiii destruction hy tire. In llfiU the Kalipli
Mill'/, i.'a\i' orders to destroy the huildiiiL's, as far, at hast, as
destriietion eonid 1h! compassed liy tire; and during the Khalif.ite
of KMIukim, tUu prophet of the jlnises, in llllU the eliu| el ol the
Holy Sepulehie was diliieed and special elloit:'. inaile to destroy '.t.
OhilsT, a eoiitemj)*>rary elironieler. relati's tiait they i'ii'ie:tvuiired
to break in pii'ees even the hollow tomb of the sepnlehre willi iron
hammers, hut without suecess, und Audeiiiur, another ehiuniehr
and pilgrim, states that when they found it imiMissible tu lire^ik
hi piei'es the stones of thi> uioiiuniulit, tliey tried to destiu> it by
the help of tire, but that it rcmuiiicd firm nnd ■olid lu uduiiiunt.
behind the columns, and vanish in the Khiom of the
sanctuary.
'I'liere ari" .some seventy "stiitions" within, ami con-
nected with this mass of lmildint;s, and a visit to them
all is till liulit iichievement. 'I'lie whole pile of edilices
is three huiidii'd and tiftv feet huiL; from St. .losoph's
sepulclire, within tlit? ''aish' on the west of the lioliimhi,
down to the extremity of tin- Chapel of the ' Inven-
tion' on the east, and it is not less th;»n two hundred
and eiohty feet to the north side of the ap;irtiiients
beloii^'iii;; to the Fiivtins. \Ye will, tlici'i fore, tiir the
sake of a timre lucid order in vlsitinf{ the shrines,
resume our footsteps in the procession of ( >Mr I.,ord
towjirds Cidvary, and ptuss through the localities of the
liist impri'ssive sieiics di'^crilad in the Kvantjeli.slH.
We enter the Latin Clnipel, and cro.ss it to where, at
the ri.ijlit h;inil, is the .Mtar of the Seoiiruiiii;, vi'here,
throuoli all iron r:iilino. is a portion of the pillar to
whieh the Saviour was :itt:iclieil while I|ii.'l,'i'iI by the
soldiers in I'ihite's euiiit yard. 'riiiic are pili;rims
lii'ie. like the curious countryfolks who. when tlnv
visit l.onilon exhibitions, desire to toileli ever\thim{.
l'"ol' these is provided a loiigstiik. with a hi in lie outside,
whiih the pilj^rim thrusts in to loinh tlio pillar, ;ind
then dr:iws nut to kiss the point, maili' saereil, a.') ho
supposes, by the contact. ra.ssiiii; hence, to the ex-
treme of the left nave, we enter a small Viiiillcd
clcpel— seven leet Ion;.', and .six wide— called the
t'hapelof the IJoiid.s. while ( )ur Lord W;is contilii'd
pending; the pre|iiir:itions tiir his iiiieilixion. 'I'liis
i'li:ipi'l is on the iippiisiio side to .Mount (',ilv:iry. In
the circiiLir live adjoiiiiiiii is the slirue id St. Lon-
.U'iniis, the .lew isli soldier w ho pirrcid ( tiir Lord's side
:ifter his ile:ith Here he retired alter the deed, and
relleetini; on what he had seen, received the inspifiitioii
ot his new tiuth. In this clnipel the in.scription on the
Cross is .said to have been Imii; |ire.-erveil, \'ery close
to this is the •'Chapel of the Division of the ti:ir-
meiits," live p:iees lotii,' and three liioail, slandini; on
the ':'ry spot while Jesus \v;is stripped liy the Soldiers
bi'lore III' w:l^ nailiil to the Cross, where they moekid
him, ca.st lilts fill' his :ipp;ii'el, ;ind divided it ;iluon'.i
them (John xix . J.I). This is ctdled the " 'I'eutli St.i-
tion." Lc:ivin;; this i'liii|H'l, and turnin;.; to the left jis
we come out of it, we tiiiil a uri:it staircase pierced
thioiijih the Willi — (on the other side of this opeiiini;
is the small "CImpil of the .Mock im,'") -and, divini,'
down, dark :inil mysteriously, into ;i kind of eellar diii;
out of the lock, pa.ss liy a (light of thirty broad stairs
down to a most striking spot, on the left. This is the
Chapel of St Helena, ;i liirge clrimber, nearly a sipiare
of eighteen paces, with a small cupola in the centre,
Iniviiig tour simdl windows, that admit a dim light.
The cupohi springs troni arihi's supported by tmir short
liyz;intine pilhir.s. with poiideiinis but piitiircsipie capi-
tals. Strings III ostrich egi.'s. siispiinli'd from pillar to
pillar, and a tew silver himp.s, are the oi^lv oriiiiiiicnts.
'J'he paxemeiit is I'lnketi and rugged. Here the
Lmpie.ss Heleiiii olii lid up her prayei'S, and here is
the marble chair on uliicli she .sit and w:iti'lieil tli<^
workmen digging for the True Cross Ijower and
lower we di'sceiid, by thirleen steps, into the subterra-
nean cave. This is covered with red t:ipi'stiy, and a
niarble slab, bciiring on it a tigure of the Cross, closes
up the mouth of the pit from which the vcncrati'd relics
of till' Ti lie ( 'loss « III' dug out. ■togi'therwitli the nails,
tlieci'o«n 111 I horns, a lid the head ol the spear, .i tier lyiufj
buried in this place tipwards ol three linndred ye;irs. "
36
ALL ROUND THR WORr,D.
Hclona's chnpol, intn thfl fnll-
er twili^'lit, ii.s it tlicM looked
to ii-i, ol' the f,'vt'iit "IiuitIi,
stiidilt'il with l,iiii|)s like Murri,
\V(! t'i'cl till' lull fll'cct of its
solt'iiin antiiiuity iind Siicrcd
gloiiiii, its iliiii I'll ii in;; ari'lii'M,
and sliiid.iwy roii-iiloi's, its
lamps, and li^^lits, Miid jiictinc.-.,
its pctilin^ or^'aiis and cliiiiili-il
|iniyt'is; wliilo t'uncy I'.illid
lict'ori' our mind tlic Ion;; iirniy
of kiiii;lit.s and jiilgrinis wlio,
crntiuy attiT ci'titury, tlii-oiigli
Mil many jn'iils, had ('iiiii' to
knri'i around thcSacird Idnih,
and, likf us, turned thi if t'l'i-t,
shudih'iin;; and awi' si nick,
towiii'ds ( 'aivaiy. Immciliiitcly
altii' (.'iiininij; u|i the t'oity nine
stairs, wf .sii', on our rii^lit, tho
"('hii|iil ot' tho .MorUiii'.'," a
little |ilaei' loiir yaid^ loii^' and
two and a halt limad, umli'i' tliu
altar of which is a pillar of
','ray inarlile spoitid with Mack,
two feet hi;,di, on wliieli Jesus
was forced to sit down w'iiilo
till' soldarsin iiKKkervcrowned
llilii with thorns, and iiied,
'Hail '. Kiiiyof theJews!' and
smote him. Forty yards far-
THE HOLY SEPULCHRE.
There are hut few liirlit.s here — the scene i.s solemn , tlier on wo como to a narrow staircasu ot ei;;liteen
and inipre>si\e: what wonder that the o'erwroui;lit marlilc steps, uji which we aseeiided to the top of
feelili;;s of enthn>ia>tie pilgrims have re;;arded even
the moisture e.xudin:; from the heart of the rock us
tears wept for s<>rri>w at Hiii Lords sutierings!
Iveturnmu up the d">uhle (light of steps, emerging
.Mount Calvary, the place of the criicitixiou. This
place, unce so ignominious, liaving lieeu saiictilied hy
the lilood of t>ur Lord, was an oliject of particular
attention of the tirst tJhristians. Ilavini; removed
from the .-onilae caveru t<i the still dim linlit cit !St. I every impurity, and all the earth which was u|ioii it,
they siirroiiiided it with walls,
mil liiiiig on all sides
I km tapestry, with
iesceiidiiig from the
Two short pillars
Ko that it is How like a lotty
chapel inclosed within this spa-
cious ihiirch. It is tilteen teet
sipiare, pa\ed with liiarhle in
niosii.' an
with
lam|
ceiling.
siipjiirt the spring of two
arches; that towards the north
is the spot while t)ur L.ird was
nailed to the ero>s, and is the
-Tw. Ifih Station' of the I'il-
griiiiage. Mere ihiitytwo
lamps are kept continually
hurning, wioch aic attended
liy the Krauciscan Inotliers,
who daily perform ma^s in
this .sacreil place. hi the
other part, which is to the
eolith, is where the Holy
< los.s was elected. Voll
still .see the hole dug ill
the
of alH
ait
to
font
the
all
df.
INTERICC Of THE HOLY SEPULCHRE.
hesides the earth that was
aliout it at the time. 'J'Lis
is ut the tout uf
h
,rge
nVU DAYS AT JERUSALEM.
S7
I
i
iiltiir lit till' ciiil, ii(|.ii'iic'il Willi piiiiitiiijjs Mini ti^'iiri'M.
Hiidci- that iilliir i^ u rniiiiij phitf >if silver, willi ii
h(ili) ill lilt' I'l'Illli'. 'Ill liirli siilc, liidli'l' clnsf, in
HKitllcr, wlicn'ili llic ri-u.-ws nf tli<' two thieves were
erected Tliiit III' the iicniieiit tliief was t" thi; uiinli,
anil the oilier to the soiiili, so that the lirst was on
the Saviour's ritjlit hniel. » lio hail his liiee tiirin il
lowarils the west ami his l.ai'k lo .lenisaleiii, whieli lies
to tl ast l''it'ly laiii|i-. are ke|ii eon-iaiilly liiiniiiiv;
on this s|iol, wliii'h is the " 'I'liirieeiith Station." The
t'lii'Ves, il iiill>l l.e Molieeil, are saiil lo have lieeii
Uiirieil. as was the eii>loiii uilli sueh eiilprits, close li\'
their crosses — neiierallv wilh lliciii- ami it is saiil that,
limler the |iaveliieiit of Si. iieleiia's elia|iel is a holjuw
jilaee that was iiseil tor that |iiir|io>e. Look ilown mi
tliis same |ilall'oriii ol iiiarliie (for all is richly ei seih.
Mill von will see some lilM.ss liai's, liavim; a .silk cover
over iheiii. Lift that silken co\er, ami yoii will
olisci'ea li.-siirc or crevice III a roik, the rock that
wiis rent asiiii.ler hy the ilyiiii; cry ol' Our Loril — in
the ajjoiiies i,[' i)eatli— ".My (ioil' .My < iod ! why
hast lliiai I'or.sakei iiiel'' Iheri' is an iron '_'raliiij.{,
with steps, down wliich yon iniv desend and see the
eli'l't. yoiii;,' I'lirlher into, mid splitlini; the rock '
I ippositi' this place is a I.iil;!! nionnineiit, said to lie
erected over the skull of Adam.— a siimiilae .\rali
Iraditioii straic'ely connect iii^ with the Saviour's death
on this spot the lirsl man lhi'on::li whom all sinned,
and llie(!oi| in ni.iii llii-oii^li whom the sins of man
arc remilled. riiere is c\ ideiilly .some very ancient
tradition ri'-peclim,'a skull connected with this locality,
for the names of i;ol'.;otha and I'alvary ijiveii to it in
the old times ,ii-c, otherwise, incxplicalde ; and the
icarned, who have not taken this tradition into ac
count, or p rliaps have never heard of ii. siem to have
pnz/led themselves ;;rcal ly alioill the i.iterpr.lation of
these wolds.
We descend trnni l.'.il vary down liy .1 secoml stair-
ease, that liriiii,'s us out a'^'ain lo the pdivh of ih,'
l/'hnrcli ; .so ihil we now see liefore ns, jevij wilh its
pavement, surronniled hy .1 railini;. wilh si\ cnlnssal
caiidl 'Sticks liiiriiiiii; licside it, a IoiilC llal >laW of while
mirlili, not ipiitc eii.'ht feet in leni;lli and aliont ten
h'i't in width, roiinl which crowds of pil^jrims, old men,
yo'iiiu wonii ind children are prosiraliin; themselves
-- the rich man and the lie','i,'ar. the |iali' Kreiichinan
iind llieswarlliy t'opt, kiieelie.i;, prayiii;; in all attitudes,
and kissing the "Stone oi Unction,'' for such it is; that
up III which the liody of our Lord was .said to have
1 II .inointi'd wilh myrrhs and aloes liefore it wius laid
ill the Se; III lire. This coiiseipiently is the '• Konr-
teeiith .■> alio I.' This stone is hy some said to he of
the same rock as Mount (,'al\ar\ ; others assert thai il
' Ui'iirv M;iiiiiilri'll. i'l liis jiMinml illi'.lTK snys: " .\t iitniiit niit'
.viinl mill ;i-ii;ilrilHi iM.'c irn 11 ilii. Ii>li> i'l wliidi ilic I'.nlnf llw
criKi WHS lixiil is scni tlril iiiciniinilil.- cl.tl iiillii' k, siii'l le
li!iv,' lii'cn iiiMilc liy the i'iirllic|ii;iKc vvli c'l liiiiiei'iii'il at tlii'siilI'.Tinu'
iif llic ij'.il of aiiliin'. wlii'ii, ill Si. MiClli.'W vv iln.'ssclli 1 Miilli.
xxvii , .')I.), * Tilt' riii'Ii-i ri'iit. riinl tin' vi-ry ltuvcs were t)|n'ncil.'
Tliis cleft, as tn \vli;it now !ipjii':ir-i of it, is alioiit a s|)]iii wiilc at,
its n|i|«'i' pirt, anil two ili'i'p. iiflcr vvliicli it discs, liiit it ii|K"im
au'iiiii lu'lovc, as yon iiiav sec at anollicr i'lia|icl, i'onlii.'iioiis to IIki
side of Calvary, and niiHilown to nil nnkiiown iliptli in tin' cartli.
rtiat lliisrcnt wa< iiiailc Iw llic .'artlii|iiaKc thai ha|i|ii'tii'<l at I liir
lior.j's passion, tin re is only trailition to prove, Inil itial il is a
intnral and L'enniiie lireaeli, ami not eonniiTleil, il liy any art,
till' sense :anl reas.ni nf every onetliit sees it may eonviiiee him :
for the sides of it 1'; ''k.' two tiillu's to each oilier, anil yet it
runs in sneli intricate wiinl'ii'_'s. as (Mimiit well Ik) I'lmnterfi'iteil
liy lift, nor arriviKl at hy any iiislrnaii'iiU."
was liroii;.dil lo this place hy .FiLsepli of .\ritiiiith(>a and
Nicoijemus, who were sent disciples of Jesus CliriHt.
I here are pieces iit' it to Le seen ill dillerent piirt.H ol
i'airo|ie, which are of a i;reeiiisli colour; indeed, so
indi.screel were pil;;riins in lu'eiikin;,' away relies that
the whole Would lia\e heeii lost, and it wius at liust
found iieci's.sai'y to cover it with while niarlile unii
snrroiind it with ,111 iron railiti),'. On the left is
aiiotlier ~po| encircled also villi railini;, and having a
lamp linrniie.' within it. Here stood " the women, ' the
\'iri.'iii .Moilicraiid .Mary .M:n,'ilalene. and the sister of
L'l/.ai'us. sadly ^'a/iii<{ mi the loved and limioiired dead
during,' the aiiointiiii;.
I'lie I'ailoinliiiieiit follows the .\noilltitiJ{. It is the
last st,ii_'e (the l''ifieentli Station of the pilj,'riinaj,'e) in
the awful story. Thirty paces further on. to the rij;lit.
We are under the cupola ; just in the eentre of
the 1,'ieat dome, approached hy a slij,ditly elevated
platform, icached hy Iwo steps frmii the side, hut
ijrailually lei up to t'rmii the front, we |ieri'eive si.xteen
lliilileii canillestieks, I'.xc liiii; the hei^iht of 11 mail,
with hla/.in;; wax eaiidles of eolossal diineiisioiis, placed
ill front ofa heiintifiil (I'Miciila or small iiiarlde chiireh
ciiclosiiiL; the tmnli in which the Lord of I.ile lay in
death. It stands ipiite alone, and is ahoiit ten feet in
hrcadth and twenty feel ill liei;,dit, and twenty-six
feet lotii;. It is hcle that the pili;iim is ex|iected to
throw oil' his si s, "for the place is holy," We
enter within the lirsl of the two sanctiiaries into
which it is divided ; hire is ihislmie where the .\iii,'el
was .seated when he addri sscd the two Alai.es
" lie is not here, lull he is ri~iii ;" and, as well mi
account of this, and to prcMiit I he Sepulchre fiiuii
lieiiii; elilered, the lilsl ( 'lirisi iaiis ereclcil heforc il
a liltle chapel, which is called the .Vnnel's Chapel.
'J'lie second Sanctnaiv incloses the .Sepulchre it.self,
which is, in fact, the ii.ck that contained the Sepnhdiie
hewn hodily away, as the i,.ck itsclt can he .sen under
the lintel of the low entrance \\ illiiii is a sarcophaiius
co\ ereil with while marl ilc.aiid the rock itself is all ca.sed
round with yrccnish niarhlc, like verd antiipie. Korty
lamps of 1,'old and silver, always liurnini; iiielil ami day,
li;;lil this chapel. Tin- air is warm and haliiiy with
]ierfiime. ^'llll enter ihroiiuli ,1 curtain, and if possilde
- excepi I. II such days as this, of Master festival — alone,
with hut one iinardian mmik. The interior of the
i^epnlchre is nearly sipiare; it is six feet in leiii;th,
(except an inch), and six feet (all hilt two inches) in
hreadth ; and eif^lit feet lii;;li from the lioor to the roof.
The entraliee, which faces the eiust, is only four feet
liiiih, and two feet and a ipiarter hroad, so that nil
innst stoop that enter. Nor within is there mileli
1 III. for the solid hlock of the same .stone, left
in excavating,' the other ]i.irt, and hewn into olio
sarcophairus sliajie, is two teet four liiuh, mid heinj^
six feet (hut one inch) lolij;, and two feet wide, it oeeu-
jiies half the Sepulchre. On this tahlc the liody of Our
Lord was l.iid, with his head towards the west, and
the feet (o the east ; hut on account of a notion of
lhe(hienlal (hrisliaiis tlnit, if they place their hair
on this stone, ( iod will never t'orsake tlieiii, .ind alwi
hecause the pili;riiiis hroke oil' pieces, it wa.s coveri-d
with wiiite niarhle.
We enter with re\ ereine, mid we (•oliio forth with
awe Sneli inipressioiis admit not of words, '• |)eath,"
.says ( 'haleauliriand, 'lies coinniered and enchained in
this nioniinienl " " .\11 the pimis emotions," .savs
J Lainarline, '• which h.ive allii ted our souls in every
u
It ALL ROUND THB WORLD.
periiul of life ; nil tlio jimyors that Iiiivc 1 ii liniitlii'ij itml nil riisli tiiiniiltiioinly tnwiinis the oritici' on tin-
iViiiii <iur lii'.irlM iiiiij imr lips in the- ii.iiin' nf lliin wlio rii;lit siili> «it' tin- Holy Si'|iiil<'liii'. 'I'lic- (irt-i'lc Anii
tauj,'lit
lis til
|ir;iy t"i his
Ril
I t<
iiT ami III iMii'M
nil till' liisliii|i, with a Imii; ii'liiiiii) nl' piirsis, mai-ihcs in pn
j(i_V8 ami j,'iii Is, lit' whiili llirs.' piayi'iN wrii' tin" iiitrr n'ssiun rniiiiil tin' ininli. At last tin- Airhliisliii|i cntriM
im'tvix ari> a\Naki'iir<l in tli>' ili'|iths nl' tlii! wiiil, ami tin* ('lia|»'l nt' thii An;;i'l, ami, alter a Ww iiiiuiu'nts ul'
prHJiii'i' hv tlu'ir fihiii's. Iiv ihfir very I'lint'iisinn. a iiwi' siii'-kfii sili'inf, - tin- iiinllitnili- cxpi-i liiii; tin'
iH'wiKlciiiij; 111' till' iincli'i'si.imlini{ anil a imlliiii; of till' l>ivji:.i pri'siiiri', ami a MiiiMrniniis (in fruin wilhjii, —
Ill-art which x-rks imt laii.'iiiiL;i' hut traiispiii's in thrusts tliiiiiii,'h an o|H'iiiii;» in llii' I Jvliriila. a hiiiirli
il
III
Till
cyrs, a lii'iv lin; liii
ps l.'llli'll III Slli'liri
hits 1
til till
St, a p'lislrali' furi'lirail, uf ihiity tliri'c wax famlln
for
rarn Mar ■
if till
ilrliral stoiii
.S.tvMiirs liti'
Tl
ii'sc ail' alii.'ht. ami an- ii'irn
lis stiiiii' n;i.s In'i'Ii aiitiV im
IIimI tl
ilatii
II' nmtirial vi^ilile linn dy a piison sp.i i;il|y |
iriv ill'
It
1 1 frmii
.sslMrli
if 1 1
H' Wlliill' I'l
ilu-r ol
f CI
instialis
Tlh
ili'si'i'ilii' I he tiiiiiiill til it i-n^iii'
Tl
leri' wiTi' lliiiiisamls
n's|Mi't which all
iii'kmiwli'ili;!! to liavii felt on of pilu'i'ints (il'all iialimis present, nil in a slate of fr.uiiii'
I'oiniiii; near
iilile facts
to tl
tl
men
lese relies is one of the must reniai
t'xeiti'iiii'iit, ami
tl
lev slliillleil anil Hcreaniei
.1 Till
ii'ts 111 the liiiiilern W'lir
111 .\ii ineiinteslalih) treniiiloiis motion of the ariiiH of ho ii
■any |H'iip
lie at
triilli seems to take its ilepartiiri! frotii this spot, oiiee raiseil alMive their he.nls was in il.self siirprisiii;;.
I liiiilit, hesitate. siiLT'iest, as many ill", — it has ln'en fmiml llamls were erosseil in e\ i iv ilireefion, torelns hlaziil
il'le I
111
IV aiiv 111
iipi
th
is one siiiit wirhiiiit in e\erv
liaiiil.
iml a I iiiti
Imrsiinan wailini' a
I till
iwe ami vemralMii.
'i'litlie I 'liristian or the philu j ;;ate riiles oil' t'lill spn il in I'm i lijehi in to li^lit up the
soplier," as has liieii fnnly sjiiil, "to the inoralisl, or <ii'ei'k altars there fioin this snreil lire. The Anli
to the historian, this t"iiili is the liuiiml.iry of two liislmp was earrliil laek in triiiiiiph tu his .s.'iiii'tiiarv,
worlils — ihi- aiiiient ami the mmlerii. Kiniii this point liramlishin^ his imrhes as he went, ami liokiiij,; like
is.siieil a Until thai has re\elseil ihe universe ; a liv
sation that has traiisf iriiieil
tliMi:;s ; a wnnl wliieli
h.
.'h.H.I
iver the « li'ile '^
I.iIm
r
lis tniiili IS the
I"
Till
if the tl
'relies, al
ll tl
w.-nini; lii,'hts. ami I In- slmnts nf the
si'liillelili
lehl
.f the. .Ill V. rill. era. lie of I he ii<
eirtllly stiille till
never wxs loinli si.
.'W ; ii.ver was
III itiiiii of so vast an eililiee ;
intensely eMitini; si.ip'
a lilfllt f.r the iMIIille
•f
create an
le first liMiry is to ijet
eii'ii earries, .n
.1 tl
nil eael
iii.lili.
never Ml. I .liieiriiie. inhnniei
.knli
sniilf
I'
out Ills call,
i.f linen, I I
fur thni- ilays or three centiiriejt, so victoriously reiiii the luil.aii, lail.iisli. or le
alter .1 slioi't tune, will
I hi.-:
Till
an. I w. I'll miller
is tl. Ill
1 1
ih.
i-k.s which men hail sealeil over it, give tlio lie for his Inirial heail ilres^s Tli ' noise iiicrea.sc.s, nnlil
to ileatli liv so ininscen.l.nt a resurrection." '
Twelve
ciintainiii.
■.anl.s fr.
a lar;.'e
th.' If.
.N'linjclire IS a
lap
■I
fervi.iir rises to fury, ami enllni^ia^ni l.ec.iines coii-
.so, at l.i-l. the I'liikish .siililiers
.1 .'lev 1
liarhle, .'|l...ut to
leei 111 ilianieler. placeil there to mark the spot where ' exciteil ami exnltini; ci.n
piiellv l.iil iim'i'reni..|iiiiiislv dear tl
111
As wi
I'll of its
If. I fi.rlh.
I Mir l,.iri| appear.'il to .M.iiy .Ma'_'ilali'iii' in the form of . we look in at the siilc of ilie vctiliiile, al ihetoinlis
a i.'ai-ilener. (.lohii X.X., I."!.) F.irlheroii is the ' ( 'hapel 'of l'',;irls italilwin ami lioilfny ile l!..nill..n, the crii
M'l
if tl
l^.ri! tirst
resnrii'ctii.n.
iiiai'ili.'n.
.lieie. as traililioii a.s.si'rts. I )iir | s.i.li
.M
irv, after his
if.li
IV I. iiir
insileiii. wliieii ale l«ii sloiie c
.llil
lillli
Tl
.Itai.li-. wiiU'Ii
Till
('
II
illllllllllllv,
h ive an all ir immciliatelv liehiml the llolv .S'luilcli
it«clf In a straight line troni this, the Sviiii
h;
inscrilie-l in (i.ihic lelleis, Iml .in- n.
iiiav lie Knirlisheil as fulli
III
ere Ins the ren..« 111
ll ihie'tain d.illr
.f Ho
.1 i-li.'i|H'l, lieliiiiil » hicli is a small ilour hetweeii two illi.ii, wh.> •,'aineil i.m r the wli..|e of tlii> l.in.l to th
pill.ii-s to the left, as Wf St mil with our hacks to ih.
worsliin oi
11.
ly ."si'pul.hre.
In tl
I.f C'l
irist.
.M
IV his s.i
111 ll
nil (y'hrist.
lis cavern are two opeiniiijs,
cnstitntini;, a.s we are tnlil. the Tomlis of Joseph of '•I'lalilwin the kini;. amithcr .Ii|.la.> M nciiliens, his
.Vrimatlu-a and Nicoileinus. As yon pas.s from the cniintrv s Iiii|m'. the strength ol l In- ( 'liuiili. the valor
eiilnince of tlif Holy Sepiililire, into the <ii k of liotli, whom ( 'amiia. ami K:.'ypl ami ll.iii, ami cmii
( 'hiircli. Villi s-'
e 111 the centre, iin
h'r 1 1
larkeil out as tl
le cupola, a .sp
ll till
miinleri.ns
ll;
iinaviis. Ill
111 ti'i'i'.ir, an
le navel or centre ot the wor
Is
Ulster .'>niiilav, ami the Turkish < iiianls :ire entir-
il. liiit tril.iiieti
li.el
ih'li
inv, iml..si
ll uithi'i this narrow loiiili
I'ls of .Icrnsaliiii were woilln of
lor It Is now mi.
iml till
Ltreit (Ireek
llliillV I.f the Saileil Fire is ah. .lit to l.lke I. hi
W.
Tl
siiii; near til.' loiiili lln'V n
ll '
.'11. -I I
tn
lese arc the iinlv mortal remains inlcrreil near tin
III the 111
liilels
liiii.st pitss, therel'..ri'. with
.ill ''U
T.
lis of shallow of the tonili of (hri.st.
A. lam anil .Melchiscilck, an .\rali ami Turk
■ luetioii into the (,'liiirc|i. < i
Aral.'
isli iiili-..
ml ('..Ills
III I till
lilliscruwilin lip. .11 till' (.-n train'
VII.— THK TKMl'I.K, AND TIIK .MOSQl'l'.
(iK oM.Ml
' .\minliii;; to Ku.«rliiii!i, tlic Ki
ilivinelv
I'nrw, " //I A.
is.iiiiii.r"! '-Ill
liii;;
v.sl tli.'ri't.i so.. 11 iiflir hi
■iIlslillC.IH'
ral.l
ihate
ever p.irt we \ lew
IK 1 n.intl.lc vi»ii.ii ..I tl..'
.(• ,<i./».. niicin" ("I'liilir this l.iiiii.r sliiilt iIm.ii
.rerns-ilem, the ^lori.'ili
th
ire, with Its cypiesses, minarets with
"1
M iilri.in Iki.1
iMsl l^
.lirl
• I till
i.| ..till
i.t V,
nils, tliat lia.l lai
:irth h.
..I.Htnii'ii.ins willi wliirli
:is wi-ll ;is till' sani'tii.irv
rlisl liy Lis ..|'.l..r ll|Hii| ll va«l liill ..I'
111 its ilii
ll
,ih'
.MosiMie of ( Imar the (ireat. forms a conspicuous ol.|i
ll th.
1.
tl
le .'rami pictni
inilNsI ..v.r till' iimliiil Cliri-liiiii ilni|K'l Hlii.li inark.il Lis H Mot I'.isy.
r
1 enter wi
linn tliise iireiiiiits
was Willi ll a 111. Ill
s hcail 111 ll.
sliriiif, tl. U' ri'iii<.v-i.i|
few
tin-
it. Til
It* in..Ti;i<-it
..Ml
•way until it U-ciu
caviTn, wlii.'Ii
uiii' ..niv a I'.Hil iir I
tliii'k
iliiijl.le-r."
witboul
iiii.l 11 niatinilii'iiii r.'inpli' 111 l»' liiiilt al)..iit vears .'mo ; hut all KiiLrlishtiian Iir t lint in iimler th
liniiit' till' s.'|iiil. lire lit ..ur b.nl was iiit '.ij.sjfnisc of an eiii,'iiieer. then :iii American iloctor, then
an l''.iii,'lisli artist, then .some .inliiame oJli.'eis, then
.some n.iNal ollieers of our own cimiitry. tinn a iniinlicr
of Omar l'acha'» lluiigariun ami I'olUli frieml* : until,
lis at that III!
iii'.s ar'.ir
ii.l t
liiiv.' Imtii I'liiiviTltsl inti. a
lusl «'|mlclin', aihl iviui ihhtciI » itii iiiiirlili' williin anil
^
ZZ I
I
'i -I
I
u.
U
f^\
<
u
c
■p.
■■■■i
! ' I
§, -i-
(til,' hum.' uf ill,. Si,, II,' .,!■ I!.„k) I
\liiliil Miilik till' l''il■^t, wIk'ii III' iH'.liil.itiil tlir |,il
ill iiii.-"'i' ti, .Mrii'.i. .ilnl |iliiri'il llir MiiMpK' i>t •ItTllNlli'lii
1,11 ;i ifVi'l willi till' KiiJil.it ;it .Mi'i-ra. aLTLTI'il' li^iil tin'
x;ilii,' i>t' thi- .s|iiit ill .MiliiaiiiliHilaii i'Vi'>. 'I'ln- (ill
M,li'r:> uiivi'i'lcil till' Miisipii' into a (liiirrli. Iliit
."^iliiliii I'l's'ini'd till' iii,'lii> lit' .Musli'iiiisiii, mill tln'V
I II IIS liiiw III' raiist'il till' Miily IMaii' tu In' |iiiritii-,| liv
PIYE DAYS AT JERUSALEM. »
fiiiiiUy, tnlorablo inton^st v,-ith oithi-r Cntisiil, .iinl tin- tn llcavi'ii, nirnril llu' ])fii|iliet tu liis snored rock. It
iiiliipaiiyiif all artist, sii|i|,iisi'il liy till' t'alialii- Miis.^iiliii:iMs is siijijiiirti il liv srMi ti in iiiarlile i'dIuiiiiis, iind here it
tiilii" ski^tcliiii^'tiir till- |mr|His.'iitri'|iaiisliy till'. \ii liitii't is ilial tlu' rr,,|ilii t, as ti.iiliti,,ii savs, saw tlio Hoiins
Klli'iiili, will ti|ii'ii till- vav til yiiii, 111' any Hill' ilsi', as it iliiriiiLT liis iii,rliiiii.il jniiniry liravi'iiwiinls lliTc i»
iliil to us. a |,rayiiiu |,lari' tuiiiril tuwaiils Mi'roa, wiid to lie tin'
\Vi' liavf si'i'ii tlu' 'riin|ili' lit" Siliiiiinii ami lit' lluroij .l/iAn//,, <ir I'myiii^ I'iai'i' nt' l>aviil; t'lir, Ihto wiw
fall iiiiiItT the aiiii-siit 'rilii>, wliili' nut rxi'ii tlii' ilcvii'r i.l' • haxiil's .Iiiiliinn'iit Siat.'' tiny ti'll lis. Nur wa.s lii.s
till' I'liiiiHior.hiliaii till' A|iiistatc, wlinilisircd tn raiseit ta.-.k ilillinilt, a.s to this spnt raiiic iluwii ii chain fruiii
ill an^iravatiiiii as he tliiiiii,'ht nt' tin' < 'hristiaiis, siitliri'd ■ llravi'ii— (lioiicc tin' '■ I'liine ul'tln' Oliaili') — to wliii.h
!,i f.tfcutc till- wurk. Fill' s|iriiii,'iii;; lV,,ni tin- larth, rarh party in the suit slii'trlnd out his hand in
and t«;n'ililc' iittt'raiui'.s, as wr li aiii li'iiii .\ ninuaiiiis -wiariiij; tn his I'vidciici', ami friun which a link dri)|)|H'd
Maricliiius (.\xiii , 1.), |iri'Vi'iitiil tin- arc |ili^liiniiit 1,11' in ca.sc nf pel jiiiy. l)avid's jicopli' were imt iivcr-
iif Ills inipiiiiis ilctiant liiia.sl. Itiit wlnii the Caliph strict in cvidcmc; t'nr they swiirc away the wlmlo
I Mnar tnuk llic I'ity, he seanliei! mi this spnt, the i liain ilnrini; his ieii.'n. and imt a link of it, siiys
iiiiient ninuntaiii i>t' Mnriali, where .Mir.iliaiii had 'I'liiki-li trailitiiii. e\i-ii,| in Siiliiinon's tiliii'. 'I'lic
.,tli'"ed up his .sun, tor the .s.'icii'd .stnlie nii which the Kasiern < iate hi I e is c ili il ' The < liltc of I leiitli." 'I'he
I'l.ipliet .lacoli, 'The ilreanier of ( Jml,' ( l.snu'l Allah) liorlhein i^ate (in fr, nl i I' iis) is the ^'ate of I'aiadise.
Iki'I laid his head iliirini; his vision, itone^is x.wiii., (In eninin:; up into this .see, .ml esplanade which ri.ses
III.) This he fniiml, and ele.iied fr,,ni the dirt that fnun the eieat eiii|,,siiie, we li.nl tn take otl'nur slinrs
, ,,veieil and siiiroiinded it, ami Imilt up,iii it the and put on red slippers, which are sold for the pur
.Mosipie, which he e.illi'il Kiililiah, ,,rKiiMiet e^h.^'akhra, pose in the l,a/.ars I he whole of the llaiaiii enclosure
as il is called, is very lajj;e, cotitainiii}; ahoiit thirty live
acres, or L'tlKI feet mi llie east side, llKId ,i|i I lie west,
IlKMI oil the i.ir'h and imil on the .south — iiicliidin;{
i'ort Anton' ^ i -, ,lie nmth and the .Mos()iiei)f El Aksa
on the south.
.\t the eastern end was, accordiiiij to an Araliic
.Ms. Iv Kadi Mejr cd din, the (I'lite oj h'e/n nt-
tiiici'. •• When an Israelite tr.insi;rc.sscd, his .sin was
«.i>liiiii; the whole with rose water, lirmi^ht tor the Iniiinl in the ninrnini.' « litteii mi the door o! his limise ,
piiipnse on the hacks nf five linmlnd laiinls. .\t this then he went to this place to repent and lie.seech (jod.
,|.\. .lenisah'in stands next in .Moslem estiiii.ttimi to The sii;n nf his pardon was the ili.sap|.e.irance of the
Mecca and .Medina, a.s the present c.ine.iiii->e of pili^iiin.s «rilinn; and so Ion;; as it was iint ohliterated, he
allows us, as Well as the perpetual iniit lei in;; of the dared not approach .my one.'
pi,, lis, while re.iiliiiy; tin- Km-.m for theinselMs and The (ircit .Miisi|iie ispaniiellnl outside with lieaii-
■ilicrs. The ( iii.inl of sexenty tliousiml an;;els is repre tifiil araliesipie Mid iiiosaic ttmk, and verses of the
siiited, \i.silily, liy two hiindied iiei;rnes, whns,- p,,sf nr Kmaii in letters of i;iilil. and Imtli courts are paved
l'aiiMcksili';;ilise the lieaiity nf the oplan.nle (1.. p 33) with white marlile. 'I he .Miisi|iie, it will he .seen, i.s
I II niir view the area is free, the plinliiitntph lia\ in;; lieeii mtaironal, withadmiie of an ej;;; shape covered with
t.ikeii early m tlic iiiornini; ; Imt, ttlieii we were ihere, lead, and a lantern with ei;;lit sides, having; a window
yoii tnii;lit have seed in every ilireciiniiniiiiieriii|s;;roups, in e,icli. a pinnacle under a cli'sceiit meitoppini; ail.
many of thein compo.sed of females, some kneilinj; in The ei;;lit windows in the luntern are litti'd «itlistaineil
player, other U"^si|'''i>;' us is their cii.stiMii mi a warm ylass, and the whole hasa Saraieiiica|ipearaiice Ihere
.illiriinon. I'ervislies in varimis cnstuine, .md Jnople are twelve |iiiiticoes like the cloistcrN of the Allialnhra,
iliawinj; water at the many foiiiitaiiis (there are ■'! 1 1 nl' three nr fmir arches, the la|,;est of which is said l<i
are also visilile. The " l)niiie of the Chain." an exipii he the I'.eautiful (i.ile of .St. I'aul. Near the one mi the
sitely elee Mt hiilldiiii;, a liiosijue on a small seale, south side, not visilile in our illustration, sands a
standi in tr. .it ot the (iieat .Miisi|iie oii the Kiustern lieautifiil .M iihainiiiail.in pulpit and staircase, the stair
siile, lietween it and the hliisterii ( iate, where arc some -.isi , pillars .iiel arches,, I which are cxipiisile s|ieciiiii'ns
steps up « hich liiirak, the steed that lime .Mahoniel n' .\ial,i iii taste
Within the .M.isipie the li;;lit is diliilned liy the
' 'IVonl'. im'rit»ri..ilH attempt tl.a. 1,,., l-HM inuili' ti, arrive ^""i"'''' K'''^'* windows; the eirect is one of :i rich
at s I' kiiiiwli'iltfc !>!' wliiit this T.uu.le nt S.il.im.in :i,,,| ,,f simplicity. The paxeimnt as well us the walls is ot
ZiiiiIiIihIkI v..e. l,.i. Ih'i'M iiiuili' li\ \lr. >. .s|iar|H'. Tint ;;iiitlr Inarlile, ;»rev or -.vliile; I'S eolunilis nf pirphyry forill a
' ' |iiii|i.iuii-l-. uiHMi *iiiiiil ilaia, that il »as iiol a c 'ViTcl : ,.,„|,.,.,|,,.i,. ,',.,v,.. h seeniid rallj;e of sixteel. ciilinnns slip-
l,i|,|iliii.'. ■If ill,' Kiiiillsli mini \iiii;lil Uiiil ii.* tisiiiiinKi'. Tlir , . i .,| ii . ... i ^ I ,,> il. .
,, , 1 .' 1 I 11 1 1,111 iKirts a dome i-omtiiI willi •■olden aralM'siiue Ijut tlie
lli'lniu ami liot'l wnnlii iiieaa a lielv iil.i.-.', nlmli iiiiliiilitl ' ■ n i>
-I'Vi'ml cimiis. ■•■ ..iciif wliii'li s|,.m th; .•..v.-r.-,! li.nl.lii,... ,.t the K<'""'''''il prevalence .il pillars ^ives a liyzantine appear
Ilea t' ill.' I.iiril. Mr. >iiar|K' U'lieves Shat .SiLuiinii ,-..iiie,l allce tn the liiiildiiu;, and has hd, in .smne ipiarter.s,
till- |ilaii nf miiiii' nf I lie K(;>iili.iii t.iiiiili's, the »iiii|ilest "f »liiili (n a sil'_'L;est imi that this mav lia\ e lieeii a sllpi rsl riictllle
eiiiisiNli'il ,it' a i-iixiTi'il l,<iililii,^, Willi a oiurt ill liiiiit stirreiaiiliil i-iised li\ ( 'olistintilie *
l,V .1 \l;lU nr I'lilnniiaili'. .Slli'll air til*' (llallii nt ihe ti'inpli's nt' '
I'l'iH'l' K-\(lt. Ill tile lilllllii' '<t' lllllilstis, ill l.,,«>r Kk'.N|it, : ^
llii'ii' »ii.s a »all siirrniiiiilu.i; Mi,' xlnie. m> llial the hiiilitiiii; ' Kailur linu'cr tells ,,l a cnfinii^ Iciri'inl. " lli'siihs the thirty-
sIimmI iiiil at tiiK' I'litt nf a t'liarl, aa .a the 'riieUiit ti'titj'li-s, luit iii tivn cnliiiiiH v\hieh Hii)i{ iirt tl,i> xaiilt anil iloiiie, iheri' ure twn nf
till' aiiihlh' nf it. Siiloniini'ii liiiiph' ri'Miiilihil in miii,- ivsiHits mhuIUt iliii,iii'>iniis very mar the « est ihmr, wliicli are shewn tn
Imtli nf Ihew. riiiii' vnw a curt in fmiit nf tlii- hniisi'. an, I a f,iii>;ii piluriins, wlin are iimile tn Inhevi' that if the* lan |iiis8
Vl't lal>,'i'r iiillll Hhiili ine'.,i>is| the h<,ilx' nilll the illlliT emill with i lis,- hetwiill l.iiwe enhllUlls. tliej lire are preilentilleil tn
I'lie imri'h of thi?i temple Willi Iwn wpiiire pillars .liiihiii an, t slmie the jnis nf M.ih,iiiiel's |i.irii,li-e." It in likewiiH' siiiil, Ihnt
ilniiT. iiiHj la' •tpiniiHil liy the pillars ill tinni -if an K(:vptiiiii •• if .i l hi:^ ian were i,, pii»'. h, Iwn n lliiite enluiiins, lliej w,,ulil
Uiuiple. I eli'M' ii|i.iii 1,111, mi, I eniiili him tn iteulh."
ii
40
AI.L HOUND TllK WOULD.
liiiini'diutcly iinilcr this dnrrii' is Kl S.ikiM'i, nv the
IJiick, also cullicl llailjiir, (irtlic Sluiii' fiiir urr/liari;
ii iiiiiss 111 native nick, the sole ii'iniiaiil uf tlic li)|i
of Miiriali, SOUK' sixty ti'fl lurj, liy tilly wiile, and
ton or l«ilvi' tci't lii^li iiM till' lower .-.iiie. It is sur-
rounded Ini'e ii\ a radilif,' n)' wimd elaliorately earv ed
anil i^'ilt.
SiewidC. >|i'akini,' of lljis rmk in tlie ( 'riisaders' time.
wlleM lie made Ids |iil;,'riliia^'e to .lenisaleiii. says, " In
this plaec Soloinon ]ilaecd the Ark nt' llie I 'i.\ inant.
havin;; the manna, and the rnd ol' Aaron, whieli
lloiM'ished .and liiidded there. :iiid |inidiieed almond.s,
and the two talile- of the t »ld 'l'e-.l,,;.'v,o Here ( lllf
Lord .lesus ('hrist. weaind with the vimei it I he
Jt'W>. W.as aeenstomed to re|ioM-; here was the |il,i<e
of confession, where hi.s disei|iles eolifosed t heln.'-elv CS
to him; here tlie .\n:,'el ti.ii'riel a|)|ii arid to /achariti.s.
sayiiiLT, ''riioii shalt r ive ,i child in lh\ olda^e:'
here Z.uliari.is. the son ol Iterachi.is. wi.-. slain lutweiii
the 'remple ,ind the Altar; heii' wa.s the olIiiiiiL,' of
(Mir Lord; and here hi' w.is found .■-ittiiiu' in 'In' mid-t
of the Idietors, the l'o..tm.irk.- of the Lord were here
made when he concealed him>cll'. .and went mit of the
'reiii|ile, lest the .Iew> shoidd stone him; and. linallv
here the woman taken in .adiillcry wa.i liroiiiihl liefore
him for jiidu'inent. '
There arc many more iradiiious, Iml we will :;o on
with the 'I'nrkish legend l'"r..iii this r.nK. Mahomet,
alter his celclirated iiit;h! ioiiriiey liom Mecci, on the
heast Kl Ihir.ik. accomji.inied li\ the .Vnncl (iaiiriel (as
dt"5crilpcil in the .-.ev cntei nt h cli,i|ilei' of llic Kor.in)
aMvndcd to Heaven, lea\in^ the print of his fiot,
H hicli is .an iilpject of veneration to , ill tnie iielievers,
Soiiie say that the im|ire>.^ion of the loot is that
of the |iro|ihet Kiioih, called in .\r.ili I'r /'^ris»,
or the studious. lie was ,i yrc.it .isl roloi." r and the I
inveiito; of writini;. His charity w.is ci|ual to hi.s !
knowlcdL.'i. and to reward hinitlod |ireMrMi| him from i
death, .and translated hnii alive to Ijeivcn. I'his also •
is the rock from which thi' four yii at rivers of the Last
(low. It is sjiid to he si|s|ieniie.| in s|i.ice, or .su|i|„,rled
on .an invi.sihle |i.ilm-lrec, which is iisclt'held n|i liy ihv
inolhcrsof llu'iwoi,'iiMl |iro|,het>,.le,usaiid .Mnhanmicd.
Till' |!le.s.seil .Mothers sit .at I he universal siirini;. hiisnd
in wcaviii',' i^armenl^ for the just who have traversed
Si.-;illi (the iiiM.-ililc liridj;ei. williout filliiii;. .lewisli
tradition makes this rock that on which the .\rk
listed, uithiii the Holiest of Hollos. It was hiddon
liy the curtain lieliind which ihe IIIl;!! I'licsl, .aloiiu
had the rii,dit of enteiiiii; to |iroiioiiiice there the holy
name of < iod, — the |iioMunciation of winch word, the
Itahliis tell us, is now lost. — the htlcis oiilv, of
.lehov.ih, lemainilin to us llownei^hl .slep.s, wccoiiui
to a larye chamliei or cave he«ii in the lunk.
Around this .ne five hollow |il.iiis.' .at whi'h Alua
li.ain, llavid, Solomon, .lesus. and .Muhamunal are said
to h.ave succes.sively prayed.
'I'l avc is S t'ect liiyli :.iid ! ."> feet sijUare. Ihe
ceilini,' ol' this cave is .almiit four or live feet lielow the
siirfii f the rock, from four to six feel thick, ,iml
pierci d with an oval sh.aped holi' alioiit threo feet in
diameler Tlie sides are plastered. " ill order, ' as Is
.'<aiil. ' to produce the impression that iliis immense
roi-k is now suppoiied hy .a wall of in;;siiirv," people
h.niiii; hceii fiiiihlcned .at seciiii; so l.iroc a rock sup
ported on iioiliiii:;! 'I lure is .a round pui e ol' -t.aie
alioul ihe criitie ol the llimr. which marks the site .if
the l!ir .\i I'll. ih I Well of .Souls), formerly kept open lor
the convenience of lioldiii:^ intercourse w itli dcp.ai Ic I
spirits-~-of ilu! wicked, we imi,dit to .s.iy. for this is
su|iposeil to he the eiitniiice to the .Miihammcdan ILII.
There is .sonietliiiii; like a ton^'in- cut in the roi;k
alio\c'the eiilr.ince, and thi.s, they s.iy, spoku to the
Caliph t Mnar \fi\ imicli alter the lashioii of tilt: Irish
echo, which replied to I'.it's "How d've do !" with a
" \'erv well, 1 thank Mill.'' for when < >mar, m IiIh
"•"':*?«^,
CAVE UNDEH flic tlMPLC HILL.
,ly
U. u|-
sImIk;
II tiir
Jl-A\> AT jr.Ul.^Al.lM.
I !
I|i
If
i'l
FIVE DAYS AT JERUSALEM.
4S
delight at limliii^' JhcoVh Pillow, laid to the atone,
E»h talam aleil. (" lli-iilth to you"); the stone, not to
be tifhind in civility to tlie Pro|ihet'» iii'|ili(!W,
rp]>lii'd at once, "Tlie mime to you :" Aleik. en/i xdlam!
Down in tliu cave we khw the murk of Miiliammt'dV
tnrliun, wlieie he knocked liiM iicail nj^iiin^l tin- wall in
liis leivour after the ride in one ni^jiit liom hiav n to
tliiM place. Up .stairs we go— uiialdi' to lielii-veany mure
— hilt liere we are kIhiwii on a clisl; tiie (';diph I •inar'.s
copy of till! Koiiiii, a MS. with |i;i;.;is lour I'eit lonj;,
the Hvvoid and standard of All, (lie sliield of llaUiZih,
the IVoplii't's riimpaidon, and a slcme Hlriingely nliapeil,
the Huddle of I'-iirak, tlie IVophet'H m\de! Tiiere is, a
few |mees from the rock, u ^reeii hlul> of marl>le, with
the minks of eiijhteen nails, stiid to 'jave lieen of H"l'l,
ten only reinaining. There are now oidy three iron
iniils left in it, and the priestH sav that ut certain
great eventM a nail is dniwri, and that the three
remaining, mark the ilistanei' of lime before the deatnic-
tion (>f the world, there luing three agea only between
us anil that consiiminatien. i'hen Issratil is tn minnd
Hiirun (the trumpet of Death), and frty years «ft<'r-
wards, the trumpet of ItcKiirn cti>>n upon which the
judgment will ensue.'
Coining out of the mo.sipie by the Gate of Heaven,
which face8 uh in the view [sen page 33), and turning
to the left, we come tn two little domed nio.s(pieH or
■hrineji, with marble pillars. The nearest is th.it of
Fatima, the I'rophet's Daughter, whnse descendants
ruled in Kgypt and .Morneco as ilie Katimite dynasty.
The other i.s the Cha|iel of Muhammed's Ascension, and
at the wall, chi.sc by, is tiie staple to which In^ fa.steiieil
liurak, while he made a shoit pia\'er before he started
on that wonderful voyai;e, which was so rapidly exe-
cuted, that although he Ir Id various conversations with
Moses and others whom he saw in Heaven, he returned
ill time to prevent the filling of a silver urn, which
Gabriel's wing happened to strike us they mounted on
high. Just within the east gale is tin' fainoua Well of
the Leaf, concerning v.'hich there is u pretty legend, as
folluwH : —
"The Propliel ioiid, 'One of my jieople shall enter
into Paradise walking, while yet ulivo,' It happened
in the time of ( Imur tlia* MUne ]m'|'soiis came t»t Jerii-
Httlem to pray. A in:in of the tribe of the lieni-Teiiiiu,
named Sherif Ibii-Habasha, went to bring wat<T fiU'
his companions, and his biuiket fell into tlic well. lie
went (hiwii to reciver it, and found a door in the well
which led to ganh ns He entered the door to the
gardens, and Wi.iked in the gurdeiis, and took a hal
Irom their trees, which he placed behind his ear. Hi-
returned by the well, came to the governor, and re-
' Killnr ItiipT lillt a iliffi ri'it slory. He My*, «i>e»!<iiiK iif iIm.
Kiick, *' M l(n' iU-l«iiri' t.t itirM pflcni fnmi tlii-H Iwo loliiinn^ '
( lii*'lili<ilii'(l id li 'eniuT I'l ) '*tlii're in ii nlui.o in llip [m^emrnl,
vi'hkli Ht>|K-Hrt 111 lie btiK t. iiuirliir, dtioiit tvsu aiiit a half lc*'i
h'luanj, hmI nii^r t a tittle hIhhi* tlie puveiiicnt. In tliii nti'iu' ate
Iwi- ty-ilirite hnliN, in ulm'li it .sernm an if tli r« tiail t^i-niiiTli
bt^'n I ails, a il in-li-vd t^v>. are \ct reniaiiiii<t(. The piirii m« nl
ttiene U nut known; tim Muli.iiiMPitliinH ihuniH. tven tifli<'ve that
itwa>anihi< aioiia III i riipLeiH m.| th'ir Iwt \vl they ali»;liii"l
from their honwa In n" iii|.> tlw IVmi|1.', ami iliat Miiliaeiiiii'il iil^i.
ali^hteit upon it when liv ariixe.l troin W.ihia Ftiiz, un hi... Journm
U> Partdiae to li.ila CDnmiliiiiii'ti v.iih tioil."
So far Father U v.\'r. Itut .\li Itvy re{K'riM ilui mniia to he
"III* Iluor 111 raraili-e," ami .-aii tliai th« devil piillitl out the
nail* when he trail to iiiir ihrre, l>ut wa< prevented by iii.t
being ahia to pull out thi»e thai re tin. To Ih^ iiiiilure of I'M
an>t New 1'eala i ent 8aint^ with Miih;i:nnimtan le^elutll, later a^i-.*
have aiiileil tiie nanie of Oe rge of i.'app.i>lticiii.
ported what he had found in the gardens, and about
his entering them. He sent some men with him to
the well, who deaeended with him, but they <iid not
find any door, nor arrive at the gnrdens. And he
wrote to Omar, who answered, that the tradition of
the I'rnphet concerning the mnn that sI;ould enter
I'aradi.se alive, was true ; but it should be a.scei tained
whether the leal was fri'sli or dry; for if it had
changed colour it could not be from Paradise, where
nolhiiig changes." The tiaditinii add.s, that the leaf
liail not changed. At the west gate, outside, are two
biiil.M, or sonietliing like tin in, in the veins of the
marble, said to be two wicked ma^'pies fi>:ed in stone
by 8010111011, as a peipetiial puni.'^hmtMit and sign to all
birils, that even the air was hubject to his |H>wer, anil
that the birds of tlit; air were bound to reverence the
.s<inctity of the Teinnle he was then building to the
Lord.
We now turn to the Routli and proceed to the
.Mostpuf Kl-Aksji, originally a (Christian foiindution by
Jii.stinian mi a poilion of the Temple of llerod; then
again a Miiliaiiiiin dan building; then aL;ain a Criis^i-
dei-s' Church and the seat of the K nights Templars;
and now a mo.sipie of the highest .siiiietity. It is 3011
feet in leii;,'th, and iiuliiiles the MiLstjiie Abu l?ehen,
a l.irge Hall, prim'i)iiiily iiseii f<ir educational piirpuKcs,
400 in breadth. It is supposed ti' cover the spot of our
Saviour's Presentation or Purification, the old cinirch
having borne t!;.it title. The front has a |iia/za of .seven
slightly poi'ited arches. This portico is said to liavu
been at 01 e time completely plated with gold. Tim
ceiling is tiat, and siippoited by si.x rows of pillars,
of brown luatble, and tlieie are three naves on each
side. Till re is nti eiuuiuuus octagonal pillar, dedicated
to Siili ov Uidy ( )uiar,atid two Liranitecoliimiis.deilicated
to the Lady Fatiuia, which are .said to have re|ilaced the
famous brazen pillars, Jacliin and Itoaz. One hundred
and seventy lamps are here buiiiiiig brightly, being
only ten le.-jt than blaze in the (Jreat .Mo.sipie of Omar.
Iti'low this mos'pie are vast vaults, the true sub-
structure of till! Temple of Solomon, There is an en-
trance hall, fifty feet long and forty-two wide; and
in the centre of this hall is a coliinin formed of one
stone (.we page 4^<), six and a (piarter teet in diameter,
and baivly one foot high, with foliated capital of no
special order, but yet tastetiil. This is certainly of
the time of Solonuii. {•'loni the top of this spring
the arches that KUp|Kirt the tine dome constituting the
ceiling There is another pillai of un ovul shape (see
pat;e.il),at the noillieni end, and fmir white Corinth ian
pillars att;icliei| ti. the dnnrway. There are nine steps
right acros.i the hall at the western end, which are
blocked up. There is talk of the fiiriiiliiie and trea-
sures of the Old Ti lopli' being concealed on the one
side or the other of tins pa.ssage; and a closed door
on the eastern side mi lus to indicate a vacant space,
but uo uttiiiipt to open it has been made in modi in
tiiniis. .A t the siietli-iast ciirner of the Temple espla-
iiiide, iheiii are open vast substructures, known us
.Siilniiinii s st.ibles. These are piazzii-like structures,
oil sipiaic pillars of gigantic bevelled stones, such ua
ate seen in the most ancient portmns of the hall,
riie whole of the under poitmn of the Ti-mplu aiea
is pierced with caverns, niid tanks, and urcli ways, for
sewerage and rnntiing water. Indeed, the underground
of Jeriivalem is really iiiiue ancient, ami may ulti-
mately prove more truitful in sacred relics o; the earliest
ayex, than what reiiiuini" to lie seen ab .,e ground.
44
ALL UOUNb THE WORLD.
t: i !
Aliiiut iiiiilwiiy ill tl).« Mstornniiist r;mi.'c of tli.sc VIII, — ROUND AN'I> AliOU'l' .1 KUUSALKiM.
fillilrrr.iiiiMii iiti-.idi s ,1 iorl< is |iiiiiiti'c| mil In IH. :iiii| «!•
Iirr tnld tll:ll till-- is ill.' |i|,iii> « liiTi' Snlnliiiili toll liifl A sclIM) lllyllt's sli'c|i -linwlli Tc (IdCS II IIIIUI n\fr\)
tile lii'iiinii SiMiK lioM li'lliiw ill llii' i.i.li'ii tiiiii'. Ki> siMiiKJIv IIS ,'il .1 i'I'iismIi'iii, wIii'I'i' III' is all (lay
wliK tliiiiii,'lil lliit liriMiics Will' lii.lili'ii uii'lir il, imii|i1iimmI in walkiiit; .•iIkhiI riniii (Hir liiiiKnis cilijccl.
Atnirk ;it it with u |ii(l, nxi': Inn. :ii ilic fiisl lilnw, ti> aiinlliii' -scim's tn I'li'ar oiir liraiiis t'ldiii tl
till' ili'vil ciii'.j nut, •■ l.ci nil' al "' \Vi' mi'il imt
Hjiy tliat till' adVivlitiil si'aiiliir al'lir hiImt |K'n|ili''s
|iln|Mlty rnliljilliil Willi lliis |-|'i|l|i-l. 'I'llis rni'k is six
CullI'Msinll anil llistnl'linll III' till' U'I'IIkIiMII' nf I i;
'rr^laiiH'iil llislnry, ,'inil tin- .siiiij'liril\ nl Cliiistiaii
tnilli.-i. iiil'i iIh' inniislrniis lri,'iiiil.s nl .Viiili iiii|insinii' ;
!"■'
Ml I'. I If.
II
al.n
Ir.l liivtli Iniii .111.1 a li.ill li.iii,', ami liiiir iTi-nii'l lliiii- iiinl «c slail I'mlli, at. I'arly ilawii, "illi a [laily nf
tliril.s i.f siii;il| |.yi.'iiiiiil il jilli's III' >.|nn<'s all' sri'ii al.niif ,\i'.'ili ;i 1 1 1'lnlalil s. t n lini.sli niir |ill;;i'ililili,'r I'nUliil tlic
till' llnnr. ilr|ii.siiii| liy .Mnsliin ili'x..|i'is III. Ill all |i.iil.s Malls of .liiiisali'iii. tlnr jniiriHy linin .S|. Sii'|iIm'Ii's
111' till' Wi'ilil. mill till' runts lit' nil I |iiii.' ti.i's liaiiu' iln«ii I la 1 1' ii|i I In- .Mi mill nl' ( Hncs ilnw n llirmiyli tlir \' alley
in many plaris fV.nii tlir rm.l' inin wliii-li tln-y liavc nl' .1. Ii.>s|i,'i|.|ial ami U|i In .Mniiiit /inn, lia.s ali'iinly
iiiiii''l n- liallway in tin- ciri'iiit, ainl liiaili- u.s masters
'.r llii' rasiiiii .nnl sniiiliern siile.s. We liaM' alninly
er.issiil ami iiir..~s. i| ||||. City eitlier w.iy, .'iiiil jt
j'.MIIii'V. lliililnle, liniii .'^1. Sli'|ilieli's (Jale Iniiliil liy
till' iinilli .'inil Hrsleiii .siili's, eiiililii; wlii'ie tin- \ alliy
nl' llinniiiii iiiiiles with lli.il nl' .li'lin.slia|>liat. will rmii-
|.li'l.' mil I'iri-iiit. 'riiiniiii,' In tin- lit'l linni .S|. .Sti'|ilii'ti'n
ilale I'V .1 liarrnw |>:illi. Iimler I lie w.ilLs, .siis|.eiuli'il nii
a I i'lue ainli',' llii' |iii'ii|ii.i' n|'< n'l lisi'liiiine, we urailiially
iisii'iiil III till' iinrtli-ea.sl iiriu'le I'l' llie t'ilv wall, wliicji
lull' u'ni's oil" siniiri! ami sliar|i. Tninini,' liy tliis
iim.'! '. ue IKTi'iive lliat the wall i.s lieiv |iri.lerlei| liy
.1 l.'ssr, ami resN ii|inii a rniimlati.in nC rnek.s, lisiiij}
ii|i iiitii liinh I'lills, while I la re is aimlliei- rneky liiljjo
nl. the nllier siile, the I'nadway rniiiiil the t.'ily |ia.s.s-
iiii; lielwi'i'ii thrill In tart, Wf me imw ii|hiii tlm
iiil:,'i' nr eiesl nf lii'/i'iha. nil away hy llerml. It
slii.nls ii|i here t'la hllllilleil t'ei't, a .snliil liiwer of I'lH'k.
Ili'l Willi this |...iiit ami the imrtli ea.st aii;,'le wan
ill.' pill -I'h'ili'.l l.y 'I'aneieil for his iillaek; lienee,
Inn. S.ila.lin r.ir.i'il his way int.' the Cily. .V .slmrl
ilisi.iiii'e I'ailh.r is I he iiiniitli nf It cavern in iht' rnck
nil <\hi>'li the w.iil is l.iiilt. Il h'ails iiniler the hiiiiM'S
nf the I'iiv, the lil-si hall eXtemlllii; .seMii hliniiieil mill
lil'ly li'i't.aml liiiii:; I hr. e liiniisaml feet in eiienniferenet!.
Il is i'\ iili'iiily the ijiiiny linm wliirli llie slmie u[' tlu>
ri'iii|.|e ami .illii'i- '^'ii'.il .lewisli liiiililiin,'s, wire ent.alnl
it serins In ha\e l.ii n kiDWii tn till' ( 'rn.saile|-s, tlllMlgll
lint ..{ii'mil 1.. iii..'|.'i';i iiis|M'etinn until within the liust
tell Veal's, 'riieie lie many iiit liialely iiie,'imlerili){
|iassi;;es le,i(liiii; In |ari;er halls liirther within, with
Walls while "as iliiveli Slinw,' .iliil sii|.|inrleil ull
Oi.|..s„il |iiilars .if irieu'iilar shaiie, as left hy the stolie-
hewei-. 'i'liesi' are I'viilelillv the i|iiairies I'f Killf?
Sniniiinii. .iml. lint iiii|iinl.alily. Km;; Ilernil cut
thiniiiih I hem ill iliL;',;in^ nut the fnsse in which
»vc arc now walking ; tor wc arc only two hiiiiilrcil (cot
VESTiaaU WITHIH nu iiJlUtN bAIi.
v. ."
VAULTS BENCATH SOLOMCN'S TCKPIE.
QBE.
I
I,
! I
«. -r
l\
I ;
I
-.-(#"
.^
%>>'
:4-
»■*•'»'■"#»<?■'
!■ I
KIVK, liAVS AT JKliUSAI.KM.
45
r.ASTLE DF !>inr<
from a Hiniil.u' ciivoriiniis oxoaviition, iln' ri'pnti'l
( ii'iittii III- ( 'iivi' of Ji I'ciiiiali. on till' <>|>|„.-iii< ml I I
/nliarii. iii'iir to a 'I'lirkiOi Imiial ^'loiiiiil o| .siicli I ..<!
ri'|iiiti', till- till' liviii;; at lra>t, that iio oni' uill viiiIiim'
mar it alter stiii-rt. Tins i-aM' i ilic|i|y siiii|< iii a
l>iii\vii ilil^i' of rork, liy till' way ^iil' ..hkI is a |>iiir<iiiiii|
ami j;li"iiiiy ravcrii, iilioni lifiy yai-U ili'i'ji, mi|.|ii.|'|i i|
li\ two t'lim iii'His natural [nil. us ol roi k 'I'liiri' is a
(•(Hirt or i,|.iii |iasHat.'c ill tiniit (it" it. itml u \\:ill »j|||
si'M'iai lioiisi's, for till' I'liri'lias liiin u-'iil as a i|iiat'aii'
liiir station, a iIiIa isli (a miv ri\ il |ni>i.Mai,'i') ai I iiil; as
its ^'liai'il ami sliowhiali 'I Id re is a liiiiiiat ill r lako
of vii^t cisti'iii, ;.'iiii'ially on tin' iI.m.i'. ami iin<li r-
ncatli, till' watrr of wlii.li is lni^'lit iiihI pnri\ 'Clio
ravr is ili\iilri| into |pail itioii-, m>ls of (|«illiiij; tor
tlir sick or sils|H'ctii|, ami is oliniwi-'. witli plastiT
ami u liiti'wasli. inaili' to look cliaii. tl.ly. ami ai liiallv
coliifoiialilr. Kor its licin;; .Itiinii iir> |'<i<>l nr ( asc
llirir is. of coiirsc, iio Milliciciil ailtliorilv. TIh^ |,|,i,c
ulii'ii' till' |ii'o|ilii'l was ronliiH'il. ami lli>'|>il ulicir lie
Kink in till' iiiirc. « lie ill tile Kiiij,'sroiiii (.li-r. .\\\\ ii.l'l .1
Tills laMili. tli'iii^li ofi,'iiai si/.c. lias a liliiitril iis|ii'< 1
in ioni|>arisoii uitli tin- iinkiiown va^iiirss of tin'
i|iiarriis oil tlic oilii-r si.lc. in wliirli ilic » Iim|i- ( 'it \ ,
tiir aiii,'lit «<■ know, niiiilit In' -.lowicl a«ay. linn
laii;.'!' is as iiiiiiiriisi as tlial of lln- 1 .ilar.iiulis of I'ari^,
liiit tiny liaM' Ik I'll iiiii'.\|i|oi'i'i| for a :• ^ past.
A litllo to tlif loll -as Wf .>taml witi .' fares
lowanls till' City wall -a wlioli' niili' of to\M'r> ami
liattlrliii'iits at one vii'W, ill a luii^lil siiiilii.'lit olil
ami M'llouikli ill lini. ami ('iiiinlilin;; minntily, vit
lai'iji' ami liias.sivr in lliiir wliolo a-poi 1 is •■ lli mil's
( laic," now rloscil up. 1 1 is aKn cilli i| " I In- (oiliof
Klown-s,' ami Ik till' Halo wlii'ii till' Knipii-- lli li na, tin-
niiitlii'r of oil I roll n try 1 11a II loi < •hi'-ihiI im- tlio I liial.
ami till' lifst ('lin.-liaii Kiiipiinr. w.i~ an Kii^li^li
man. ami Imhii at Noik — ciilrrril in pcii.imi'. as a
liiiliililr siipplialil, ill all 111 r |H>\\i r. fo: tioil's miii \ ami
forL'iM'nrss of liiT sins. \\r an iinw at alioiii tin-
lii^^lH"-! pall of till' wall, ami llii> ^ilr to\M rs liii,'li on
llii' liill wliicli lii'lii'i' lir;,.'iiis loiltMiinl to I li< ( iali- of
I •aiiia-cils. All aloni; lure llic o|i\i' Ini's j^iow 1 lo-t'
Up III iho wall, ami il is a pri'tty .sight lo si-r tin' iIuM'M
uml iitlii'i- liii'ils tlyiiig liai-kwuiiU ami fi>rwaril> liuiii
r ..A'
JAFM GATE, JIMUSALEM.
till' Hits til till' oil) wall ami from 11 M wall to tlie
nil's 'lln- .lows of olil, il 'Aill 111' I'l im nili'iiil. wi 10
yiial pigi on fincicrs, ami tin' ilovi' Imiisi's ami piuioli
lowirsof oil) .li'nisali'in wrio ipiiti' an iiislitnlioii I liis
llalna.srllS gali'. " I lir lowi'l' lliat lookilll ovil loWalils
I lamaM lis." is, a.s il now slamU. I'Mrrnilly, a rli.'il liiilifj
111 mini of Arali ta-li. Il.iiil.i'l l'\ iwo li.wns ami
crow mil Willi iiial i'-i|iic Liiillcniciils ol sloiic in iIih
form of tiirl.iiiis («.. pa^jc l.'li It is iimlciiial.ly llie
tiiii'sl of all lln uaiis ol .li I n.s.ilini, ami in lis ■.•alcway
wc notice wli,;l is I'l maik.ili'r as a lilsl example of
till' pointeil lircll. wlii.ll ilie rillsailers are conslileleil
II. liave lairieil liai'k Willi lliin into Kiliope. Iiitlit'
I ■ i.f tlie lowers of tie- •.;.le ma\ l.e seen Kreiil
si. .IMS l.cM'lleil roiiiiil llic lilies, similar to llmse in
wi,.il 11 mams of till' wall ol ."-"I is 'relliple. 'I'liis
t'lte is -:iii| lo l.e iili i.tical w il 11 llii'"«llil (iale"of
Ne'ieliiiali. wliicli • Jilii.iailil llie soli of I'aseali. niltl
.Mcsliiillani till' .son of llcso.il iaii II pa ire. I ; lliey laid
the l.eanis linn of. ami the l.ais llel.of. ailil set lip
the il s ihcn'of" (Nelnniiall. iii.. ''<). 'I'he Vfl'V
aiicielil. Ill.lssiM'. :iml I lialaclelistic .li'wi-ll Icmilill.S
which w. see in ihe I"., limit iliaiiil.eis on ea. Ii siile
imticale this ns 11 porli.ill of the " Secoml Wall."
TOMB OF KINBS.
4«
AU ROOND TIIK WORLD.
Tlii'NP I'lmiiilii r.s, anil tin- |iillars in llin viitilt i>f Sciln iiitu a kin i nf anir i.-,iii, almiit l'(l (rrt sijimri', a placx
iiiciii'm 'I'l'iniilr (*'« |iiiyi'n IS, ,'»| ), iiic aliiHwt tlir l"i' tin- iii"iiriii'i-», wliil.- ilir ImmIv wamairiiil mi In iu hint
")iily ri'liis wiiicli iIh' liattcriiii; ram, lln' ccnToiliiii; r ptai li- Tlii^ 'iix ii~ iiitoaiiolln r i'ihhh, tliirtii'ii li'ct
tiicith of 'riiiii', ami till' vri>;;i'aiii I' liml, lia\i' lill Miimii-. in M liicli arc a il'i/.i-ii lalai iimiIm I'm mtliii^ anil
lis. Till' wiiiiliiiu' Hijiiari' - >lia|iril titain m.hi' within a pa.s^ ij,'!' tn al|i>tliria|iaiiiiniit I It lii i .iiiiiiri'. 'riii'^oiitli
till' rliaililii'I'H iat'lv ili-'CiiVrl'i'il in Imtli tnWi'l'N is siilr iit'llicalili'l'iMiin lia~ a il<>"l' ii'.iililii.' Ilitu nl lni' iniiniM,
till' kiiiil 111' asiiiit liy wliirli "tliry wnit up with in in.iny nfwlinh aii- itln-.- ntiirli >:iirii|ilMi;i. turn
wiinliii^ xlaii'H into till' tiiiililli' chanilii'i-," (I Kiiiu'". tr 'in thiir plairi* aii<l thi'uwii ii|i)iii llii' ^'iniiinl < liii<
\[. K). < till' III' till' stiiiii"> l\iin; llii'ii' is M'Mii ainl a- ut iIh'm' has liifii iirc^crNiil riitiri' iiIhI niiiiril In the
hall li'i't liiiiu'. Kv llil'i'i' aiiil alialt li'i'l lii:;li, ainl aiiuthrr .Milikiiiii h, <>r ('niini'il llmi^i', in .liriisalriii, jiisl hv
kIx anil a hall' t'ri'l Imii;, l>v tin' sinii' liri<.,'lit. TIii'm' tin' liraiilil'iil linintain wi- h.i\r illiislrati'il (in |iap' S)
a|iailiiii'nl^ arr luiiji'iliiriil, liy lln' Icariiril in Mioli llrii' il >ii|i|i|i>'s tin- l>ivaii iit' .li iii^iili ni KHimliH
ni.ittirs, til liavi' Intn yiianl niuliis nlllir nM ;;ati's ; with waliTl 'I'lii' riUill iv ann iifllii' iIiiuIh i>|' nIiiIh',
liiiill ii|>iiti ainl I'liiiiiij \iy Ni'lniiiiali. tlnii liy llirnil, »liirli. littcil in with iimrtiri' anil li'iinii hiti^'i's is
mill aftiTwanls liv tin' Sarai'ciis. Tliry am vaiilli'il, imtiicalili'. anil >liiiiilil Ih' m-iii hy luiiiic nt' >>iir Nlniir
iiinl thi'ir in iKsivi'iii'ss is vrry iiii|ii'r.s>ivi', Jlrfuri' nia-'iin-<, as a ii<-i>\ hint lur a liir |>riiiir t hiM't ; kh alsn
|ia.s>in:{ nil wi' sti'|i within iIu'm' i;iIi's inln t|ii< (.'ity, ix ii rniiinl ilihk, shajHil likr a inill slniii', ciiriiiiisly
( iiriiiiis to si'i' til nilitimi nt' tlu' virinily. The I'niili ixnl tn rlnsi- a t<iiiili, in>l linn In' itsi'lt' ciiiiri'iiliil
sti'i'i'ts aliniit liri'i- all" liltliv, anil alnin--t in snlitinh'. hy a |Minl nf ualiT An in>|«rtinii <•( tlnsc ciinniiii;
iiM'i'shailnwi'il » itii ilarkiir>s I'i'niii till' Miiiiii'i'niis \aiilti'i| riiiilrivaiii'i'S. t'nr an a|i|iaiinily iiniiri rssary sniirily,
aiclns tt liirh rin IT tlnlii. K\ iry w lii'l'i' I hi'li' arr Illills a»>i>ls lis in iiinlrrslainliir,' tin' i|iii'stiii|| ill lilatiiiii
mill rai;s. As t'nr inli.iliitalils, ymi sir tlniii si'lilmu, ami tnti nliaiiri' nt' tin- llnly Sr|inlrliri- •• NS'hn .-.hall
«iirii sii'ii ihi'y a|i|M'ai' In lie I'lili'li il|i with iilliin— . Inll ii> away tin' ^•.niii' linin tin' ilnnr nt' tin' si |.iiii hri' ("
anil wi'i'trliiiliirss Till' jussi'i's liy I'l'i r|i rlnsi' tn t In' Ot' H hat kiiiii- tin' pM-ky rXra vat inn- in w liirli w r vimiil
hniiM's, ainllnnk as it' tlii'V liaM' III) |iiir|insi', niily Walk an- tin' tmnli^, i^ an iiiimIIIi'iI i|iii'~liii|i. Nnl sn
irii,' t'nr llir sakr nt' walkiiii;: tin' sliiii<krr|irrs ii|i|ii'ar nt'lliat tnliili nii I In- nllnr siilc nt' tin' \ alliy nt Ki ilrmi.
In 111' aiwaNs wailing l'"r riistnin llnit ni'vi'i' innn's, hIiiiIi swiips all rmiml Inn', ami inln whirli wn
ami i'\ I'l'vu lii'i'i' tlni'i'isa lai'k nf I ili', intrnsl. ami ilrsrrml ami >.'n nvir il in n-ai h lln' t< inli- jii'-l in linn'
ai'tivity Till' rni'ky nininnl ii|i|insiti' this u':i'''i within, tn sir a llmk nf >ln'i'|i. wlm Ikim' I.mii tnlili .1 ihi'lr,
lia.s i'\iili'iill\ lii'i'ii till' liiiimlilinn nl sniiiK ;;i'ral innn' slri'.iiiin^ tnrili inln tlii- ni'in Millry. This is ihr
liiiililiii". I'nr il is I'xravili'l in iiiaiiv
lihlri'S, h
lit lint Inliili nf .^ilnnll tin- •lll~t. a ill
«i-h Saint, it' WI' iiiav iim'
intn tniiilis. Tlnii' was a St Sti'|ilii'ii'~ I 'liiinli alnn^ ihi'tt'iiii. wlnis|H'iit Ins ^rrat wraith in |irn\iiliiit; a
lirrr iiiiir. ami this niiv lir tin' s|i .1. \Vr ■.■Inliy i|iii( I'rast tor tin- |M»ir yi'irly, ainl liaxiii;; Imtii allowril a
III.'. I
till' wal
I'rarv .srrni'. am
I hlstrll In till' I
111' air "Itllnllt
rrat a;"!' as a
rrwaiil tnr his rharitv,
itllii'ti
Is. Aliniit halt" a mill' rii,'lil mil nl' lln- at tlir surrows hr ■<iw cniiiini; on his natinii I'mni llirir
all', a lilllr In llir riiflil, at'trr |ii~ ini.' i liii|i'ii lull nf nli^tinary in rrsi^iini.' Tiliis, as in liml ihr linrthrii nt'
slii's ami sna|iiiiakir'> wasir, we |iis^ alniii,' llir li'MJ litr tnohravy, .iml sn |i"ay to hr n Itasi il t'rnni il.
"iirtlicr nl'a rrililisli rn.k. with .i ti'W nlivi' li s, hanlly His |ira\rr
w.is ''rail
iil''ll to r;ill a 'Ml
till, ami his tmnli |a'n\iili'il iimirr
' iwiiiL' iipiiii il. iml thru this lililr hill. I'miI his wcilih haxim' hrni Imriril
niiii' ii|iiin an i'\ri\alinii in ihr miiMIr nl a li. M, likr uilli him, ^iiimn tin- •lii-t IrrU rmisi ii ntiniis .m rnplr.s
nri,'liil(ic| i|iiarry. Iiili'niil is a M|iiari' i-oiirl lirw ii rr^jHilin^ ihr I'rast hr hail aiiniiall\ |.in|iiisri| to lln-
III nC ihr Inik ami n|irn In llir. lir, Just likr ,1 i|i'r|i |inni-. — ,t ]irniiil-r ('inln wliiili. ashi' ilialli
wiis hv Ills
trrlir
It
IS rnlrrni liy an arrliw.iy. I Ins rniiil is nwn wi^li. Ins Mrii|iiilnii- jiistirr ilnis mil rniisiilrr liini
ilirty frrt .si|iian'. Thr airli is in ill nlirnrihr to hr i|iMhari.'r'l. K\<r\ \«ar. thilrlnri. hr rniiirs to
"ill. ami to llir Irt't, as wr riil.r.
iiin'thiiii; iil'r, at tin- t'ra.Ht of I'liriiii, ami |ilarrs a pii rr nl
iisriiililiny a lari,'r |iorlii'ci, ninr yanls Imii,', siiji|inrlri| niniiry oiitsiilr lo|irn\iih' Inoil I'nr thr | r. A ;,'r,'.'il
r\ nlriilly, at onrtiiiir. nil I'A'ii inllars. "hii'li niisrliirvniis |iili,'riliia^c is Inlil to his |nnil> hv thr.lrws. 'I'll liiakr
I |ilr nf various a^'rs. liyr i;iim' siiii|i|itcins, and iirofaiir a |irnlil out of this vrtirnilinii. iis wril as In krrji in
Inn's iinw '_'iii\\n i^rry nr •;oiii' In llirir .'n'rniinl, h.ivi- thr shrrp. thr Turks havr |iiit ii|i all iron ilimr to thr
klioi'kril aw.'iy, iinr aflrr llir nl lirl'. Tlir .'irrhilr ivi.' Ii^ls Imiili. ami a|>|«>intri| a ■.'iial'iliaii. wlm. I>rili<{ a slii'|ihrii|
fruit ami Ijnwrrs .srul|itiirri| ii|inii il, hiil tlii'si- also arr nflhr ihail llnirs tn thr lirst of his r.ijialiilily ihr
(inrrlv ilrlil I — ilshainrliil nnl ra ire, nf « liicli I hr .\ la lis li\ iir'
liiilst lint or ari'llsril, a.s muir
l.ilt
.1 K
lllnli.ails,
W
r Imw rr irii~s lllr
Irmi \alliv. am
iniiiii;
(ill- thr ninst part — wr arr snirv ti lia\i' to say il, for to ii jiinrtinn of two I'nails, lakr thr mir that hails iis
linth niir sakrs — Annriians ani Kni.'lisli. vinlatr In tlir mutli wrst an:.'lr of thr w.ill, thr ln«rrs iif
111' ll.lllltallnlis I
•ft I
h't
us rlilri
In- llitiTlor
\Vr ;
i.f wh
hail. Oiir Inri Ins arr li;,'lilri|. whi. h. ri-iiii; pmniiiirinlv lirfmr us. arr ruiliiilly of
rill to hr i_'oiiii» into a rmk. inniliiii iniistriiiiinii Thr ^rniiml ri~rs tmni thr Iml
irll lirwn out, ai
low hv thr l»i
illiilsriis {pile 11
• w rill;,'!'. Ju>l ovri'
the tiii'i- of wliii h has 1 II , lit into .'iri'iiilntiiial whirh Ijrs, in thr ilrr|N'r hollow, thr N'allry of (lilioii,
lr.sii»n.s. Such is pally ihr f n t ; Iml ihr 1,'rapi's, iimirr thr wrslrrn w.ill. slnpiiii; ilou ii tnwarils llililioin,
At II
lis rnrnrr, mar us, is ii
garlamls, ami ti'slnons. ihr ( 'nrinlhian rapil.ils, ami thr uinlrr tin- smitl
pillars, havr all 1 ii rillhlrssly hmkrii ami rliippril.i«ay. Trirliiiith Irrr. rnii^pi..i|iil|s as rising at thr liij,'hrst |k
W'hrii wlmlr thrV nillsl
lavr risriiililnl a M'lv larLfr ai
very hamlsonir iiiarlilr rhimnry pinr, li whiih thr lir^-in to
Kt'atr has lin
■il. Throni'h a Imv i|i
ir 111 . ill' I
Millth Wr-t Ill
i| linn ,,\' thr lily HtTraliniil. thr \ ilir ninl llir o|iv<>
ahuinlanl. ami lia>r hrrii liiailr —
.irn— to lakr runt in tlio
if lal.
r Vrars nlllv, as Wr It
irr. wiailvalirr — ramlirs m liaml.aii'l not -ranly. Iiiit prnlitir sml .Irriisalrin (f'""^*'' ^ooil winr,
ilmiil ilii h.l.inl .\iMli-, Inr this is lint .1 ph asaiil |ila. 1 ami thr ( Jinks h.n ■• pl.intiil ii prrlly rvlnisivrly ill
wltich In liml niicsrlf uloiir in the ihirk — opi niiij,' tin.- m-w piiri'li:i.srs of laml ihoj Imvr niailti. Kvury
FTVR DATS AT JKRIIflAT.FNf
47
Ills
liilii
IS to
nt
■Ml
imI<i'
pin
ill.'
.Ii.'iil
III.'
IK'II.
Ili'lll.
i- .'l
|MI|--
iiljvr
i|.' —
tho
I'iiir,
V in
.'!•>
whfTi' timt wiitrr i* fiilli'cfi'd iiml iliHtrilnitccI, ilic
Uriilrriil IiiimI. ii'l liiii' 11" it l«"ik«, irtnin^ iihi-l iiliiinihiiil
I'l'iiiis. Till' lii'jil- "I I'li'li'V ill tliix Mi'iiiity mliniil n
i|ii;it'li'i' III' '1 mill' rii.iii ilii' ^v.lll>•l. III')' hill III ilii' I'll',
mill llii'Uiain "I' tin' liiii'«t It i" iinw Jii»t r>iiily HI i»
A|iiili, till- till- sii'kl'' 'I'lii'v -.iv iliis iirw »|iiiil ,<(
I'tiliiv itioii i> line III ItiiK'iiin ui.l'l I'lii iiHiiii'V is III III!
liiilliiii, mill itt iiiolilMlili- riii|'lii\ III! Ill ;in iiiiImthiiI
^iHiil Wi' ••liiMilil liinr tliiiiii;lil --'.iMi I'lii'^ili-li iiiuni'V
nii','li' liiiM' liri'ii iiih;iiil.ii;i''iii«lv i'in|Fli'M'i| Ih'Ii-.
Jl.iW is it lll.ll |il'l«iins hIiii mi' nlillniil in irinr
Km;! iiiil in ».iii'li ul.i inililiT rliiimli', ur ntlit'i's wlm
iiirlii' lii in j il'i' "III. il I ii'il ili.iiiM' ilii'iiH^I iiili'ii'^lin;^
I'liiiiiliA ill llii' w.irlil I'nr lliiir ii'-iilinn' ! Why slimilil
iml Ml ini;ili'i '.'Viiii'ii III li' i-l, '|iiii'liiiii' M'miiiii.iiiii jiilili'
si'i'Mi's, mill in iii'i|iiii in;.' Ililiii- l.iiii.'iiiii;is liiliiri' inlrr-
inu ii|i 'II llii'ii' iirliM' ilmii's. Sisiv |>iiiiniU |ii'r iinnum
wiiiilil III' ijiiili' I'limU'li I'm' III! I'XiH'iiMi III liiiMi'il mill
jiiil^'iii!,' nil liiiliiii{ till' ki'i'|)ini{ II Imi'sr) I'm' ii siniilf
iK'l'siiii .inlsivty |i iiiiiils nimi' »iiiili| niMr llir i'X{ii'|im'
III' a jiiiiinry ilii-ri' uml luii-k. Tin' ini^'lily liili- wliiili
iliii'iii'.' llii'i''' ii'iiliirii's ini|i'llril liill' till' niiiiiiii^ nl
Kiit'ii|ii' tiiwiirl- till' I'lii-ky -lirni'^ nj' ruli'-iini' liii> n "I
vi'l siilisi. It'll ll .s li-iiiii iriiiin. Tiiui'lli'is lii.iii i\,\\
iiiiliiiii. mil lii.iMMI iiil'^^riiiis t'l'iiin ihr Kusl, M-ii iIh'
slitiiH's III liiilili'lii'iii II I I I'lUmy; Miisli'ins ||..ni
Aniliiii, Tiii'lmy .iinl In Ii i. mil rimii ilic iiiiiiii>i >liiii'i'.i
nl' All irii, "iinii' III «iii'.lii|i ll 111- (-11 I'llii'.li 'I'miili nl'
Miisi'^. '{'Ill' .l.'\vi-.li |ii' .|i|i' l;ii In pr.iy nxi'i- iIm' iiimi-
iil'llii'ii'i'its mi' I 'I'l'iiiiili'i ll ll llii'liiiii' III llii'ii'ili'liv I I'm II I'
liiay 111' liii'li'iii' I. Ill" i|i'i'|i li'ii;{iiii|H inli'ii'-l ulii. Ii
has liir Iwn llinii^mnl yi'ni's ln'rii i_';ijnin,' -I i'i'iii,'lli
miiniiL.' 'Ill' mil ii HIS 111' llir i-ai'lli i- li iiiiir_' innii' inli'ii^i',
ami lii'.'li alnl Mii;.'lily |i iliiil ili'S, -linly willi aliMniis
I'ai'r |inlilic'~, wli.isi' iiiii'i'i'-<l ri'iill'i"* in .li'iiisili in.
Iji'l'i' liii«i-M'i'. wlii'ii'. alMiM' all |ilaii'- I'liri-liniilv
HJlnlllil Iw llin-l I 'llllnlii'. ll I- lim-l -i-ilmi.lll i'llll
lliil i|i-.|iii^i'^ aii'l all ai'i' nmkiii'.'. aiil ran mil\ lir
ttiirkini.' In liis Klnriniis aiii| linal |iiir|i • i'
\Vi' niiu a|i|iriiai'li tlir .lalla ill' I'hI lili'liini (iilr, ami
fall iiiln till' lull lliil laki'^ u- 111 rii\- iIh' \'al|i v nt'
lii'|iliiiiii -mIi'i'Ii I'liiis ilnwii mi llii' i'i:;lit, just ijni
(ii'i'i'k riiliM'iil nt St. (ifiii'',»i', til till' \'alli'\ ll!' lliniiniii
— |iriiriM'iliii;; nil mir way I" iIh' 'I'mnli-- nl' di,' .Iml^is.
Iiy a I'liail 'yiir,' lii'lwi'i'ii lli il In .l.iH'a ami lint to
iii'lllii'lli'lll. Ii'illl 111' wllirll lii'iiill, nllt' In llli' |'ii;li| ami
ll llii'i 1.1 till- li'tl I'l-nin llii- liali' ; Iniici' i alli'il. at
ii|iliiiii, till' . I lliil .'I' till' Iti'l lili'lii'iii liaii'. ami. iiiii\i'i'
Miily. till- Hall' nl' tin- I'lliiiinix I In mii' Irll lii's tin.
I'|i|ii'i' I'.M.l nf (iilii.n. 111- l!i,l.,t M„i„ill,il, till' I'lHil
111' .Si'i'|ii'iils -al aliiiiit mil' liiiiiilrnl iinl lil'iv i.iiN iVoni
thd ( 'ily 'lali'. mar llir IhihI iiI'iIm. sli.illnvv xalli'v
This isiiliiiiit iliii'i' liiiii.|i'ii| I'ri'i lull:,' t w.i hiimli'i'il wiih',
mill Iwi'iity i|i'r|i. Thi't'i" i> ^nan' iim - mi waliT in ii,
IIM it is iinw >ii|i|ili|ii| iinly li\ i nu u ili r ilraiiiril ri'niii
thu siirrniinliii',' li.i-.in, its I'lir v li'iih-t' l,v a walir
riiiii'sf I'fiiin l''.lhiiii liax in;{ ln'cn liinki'ii. In llir scimhi
ill' wililcr. mill jii'.l iinW, Imy^ ami iiiiii liallii' in it
We h'lM' nil iHir ll ll ^.iini. M.i-.|i'in tniiilis. I In' iiiiii'iii
lii'l'i'il i.M'iM'- 111 Silailin'-- «.irii..i's ainI liiiiiiiii; In tin'
riijlit, ll al I I mill'- ilis ami' linin lln-cilv, li nli
tint "Tmiili- 111' I'll' .liii|','i-s. " .Mii'iyis m- l'i'i.|iliit-.
TIli'S.' an- 111 I hi' sami' rhal'.iilir .i- tin- " Tnlnlis nl' tlir
Kili;.'s," allhiiiiKli nriiaiiU'iili'il in a ililli'ii'iil |ialli'i'ii.
Tlli'y rniisliliiti' u I'ataciiinli nl'-iMy Imnlis, hi'un in
tln! soliil rock 111' liiiir-lmii'. Tlir |iriliniriii i> m nip
tiirml ill thf ' Iri'i-imi sty h'. ami I In- main rnmii i- I\m niv
t'i'ct .si|Uar<> liy i;;lil in \v i^'lii Tlii- i- I'Xrii imni' n-
iiiarkal'li' tliiiii Ihi' Tninlis nf ihf Kilitfs, uml is -iiiil tn
IliUl' lii'l.'ll llnlln^M'll nllt fill' till- Use nl I III- S.uiln'ill'illl.
I r .li'widli I 'miiii'il, iiiiiiilii'iin^f Hi'Vfiily Iwn ini'inlirr*.
Ili'lii'i' we I'i'lili II liiii'k III llir lii'iiil 111 till' Valliy nf
l<i'|i|iailll nl' lilhnll. mill. Ih-IIiIiIIK tnU.ilils till' I'iuht, It.H
»(• liirc ihi' ilallil (iaii' i;ii ilnWII il- Kln|iiii'.' ilirli\ity
ilmiii liy lliii wi'sti'l'ii wall. W >• iniiii' iilmiK liy tin'
lirllili 111 III I'niiil li'iilii ihi'liati' iliiuii ilitn till' Valli'V
iifliil ami ari'iisH ii|ii'ii liilils nf I'nrii lliiit tliinly
I'livi'i' tl imiv, ilry snil. A fi'w sliiii.'L'lintf nlius,
silver lii)i(.i 1 1, all' sriitti'l'i'il nil I hi' lliil. AlmM' all llnwiiH
ihi'l'iiy Wall, mill till' hilt'i' Tiiwi'ls nf tlif ( 'ilaili'l,
'I'hi- i|m|i lA.aMili if L'IMI fi'i't l>v llim IM 'Till'
l.littll' I'linl 111 <iilllin,'°— ihl- "(llI'llI rmil' that nlli'C
lii'lil liiiir mil- nf wiili'l'— till' I'liiil Siiliiiiimi wiis .sn
|il'iiiiil i.f I l''.rili'ia.-lirii-, .\l\iii. ITl.alnlat wliiili Iii'W.ih
mininli'l Kinu nf I-l.ii-l; Inini' il is rvni imw ralliil
"liiihil mil .>i(/^i/(, ' nr tin- • Knit's rnnl,' ll liasinlMI
fninii'il liy liiiililiim iwii walls arln— llir \.illi'y (llir
liiwrr Miy inassiM', tin' ii|i|i<r tallirr sliyhl ) iniiiiirl
lli;i llii'ln liy slilr walls, -i al |iiliK tin- "lii'Ullni i'iIki's nf
ii.i'ks nil Its hjili's. mill |ilaslrriiiy tlif whiilf nver willi
ualir ri'iiii'iit. Tlir I'l nl is imw nil - rnnl ilry ; ilii'
liiillmil is li-nl a- a tlilasliiliL; ^^rmiml. I'l' lliis,
li'iikilii! n|iwa|i|'-, nil till' Irl'l, 111 till' |ii«i'-l |iarl nf /lull,
\\i' .-I'l'. I'llll ll with a wall, IIm' l.nulish liiinal
;,'iMiiiiil : a liillr lii'liiA runs an ai|iii'iliirt mi mm' siiuill
ail III -. »liirli iniiviys till' walir finiii llcxekiali'ii
I'niil ihl.i ihi' City. I'ViHii llli- |iiiiiil wi' 1 iiirr llir
\alliy 111 Till liiiili Ihl' " \ alh y nl i'llll irk llii.'
( liililii'ii'- rryiiiir niil in immiv »' ilnii' iniinli imis
s.u iitlii' ill thr nil Iml. Iiiazrli arm- alnl la|i nl' lli'
stallll' nf till' iilnl nf Miilni ll. Iliilll whii'll llliN fill llltii
till' lila/.illX fnilllirl' lirliiW ■ thr N'ullry iifTii|ilii I. nr ihi'
liinni. Iicali'ii with liiirriiil limiil.s, miil mi (laiinil
with slimils 111 |ii'i'vnit tlmsi' rhihlish rriisnl snlU'riiiy
fi'iiin lit'inj; lii'aiil liy ninllicrs, ( »li I tin' hiiirni's iil'tln'itr
aiiricnt mill tiiiiili'i'ii lii'iillii'ii |ii'aitiirsl This rrii f
llli- .li'Ws, Sill alifillly -1 |iaialii| liy (iml as Ills cllii-i'li
|irii|ili', fliiin llii.-r mii| nlln r liiilrnils riti's nf I'llKllllislli,
— was |iiiiii-lii'il afli'i'waril- ill this vrry |ilarr; fur, in
this saini' vallry, says .liisi'|i|iiis. fcwrr than
I l.s,,s.s|| ilrail liiiilii's wi'i'i' I'anii'il fiif lilllial illnlrr ihi'
i'h.iri;i' 111 iiiii' nlllnr liming lln' sii'.c nl Titiis," Kiiiir
.lii-i.ili. In |i|i'\i'nl -mil .sarriliiis 111 iiliils as we iiavi'
iilimii'il. |Ki||iiti'i| ihi' |il.ii'i' liy ihi-nwin^ tilth ami
iliail nun's liniii's iiiln il I'J: Kiiii,'s. x.xiii , I"). Kin-
wi'ii' ki'|il cnnsiaiilly liiiininL.' in it in rnii-niiif tin'
tilth ihl'iiwii hell', ll lii'iaiiir at la.-l tin' inililrln nf
I'Vi'i'lastitii; |iiiiii-hiiiriil aniniin 'In' Itiililiiliii'al writrr.s —
< ii'liinna !— Tii|ihrt !
MiiliH'li, liurril kini;. In Min iinil willi lilmnl
nt liiiMuiM "iii'ritlri' mill luiniils' li'uri.,
1 li'iiiirli f'T llli' ii'iiw "I iliiiii"' anil tniiii|»-is Imiil
I i.i M ill lilnii'. I'llrs iiiilii'iril, liul I'lismil llirniiyli lim
111 llli- i^'i-iiii iii"l,
III till' |i|.ii»aiit Mill' "I lliiiiiiiiii, rii|ilii"l lliilipo,
Ami liliirii (li'lii'iiiiii ralli'il, llir l\|i<' nl' lull 1 ''
Mll.lliN.
It was hill', thai -tamlilii,' mi mir nf t In riiyu'<''l ''ni
iii'tii'i'swhii Imv. ihan;.' rii|ilii I. thr l'iii|.lii I .Irniniali.al
ihi' iii-|iii'aliiiii nf Iiml. lliil. Ill ihi' ini'si'iiri' nf tin- wnr
-lii|i|ii'i's ami Ihl' I'rii'-I-, ail.lri'ss hini-ilf In JehoUkim
ami liisiniirliris, ainllifliiiu' npa |iili Inr. ila-linl il to I hi'
I'arlli. iifti'rih'linillii'ilit; li'iiilili' .iililk'>n''ii''- ii|iiiii tlioiii.
i.li'r.. \i\ , \ \'2). Ymi will ri'lminlii'r Imw Na|Kilrnii,
iliil'iiii.' till' riiiili'ii'liiTs fur tin- lii'iirr nf fanipi
Inniin, il.i-hril a |iiil'ri'laili jar to atniiis at liisi fri't,
ll
r 1:
4S
ALL ROUND lllK WOULD.
:,(ia S'!?;
A PILLAR IN THE VAULTS OF THE TEMPI': OF SOLOMON A" JERUS«lLFM.
iH ho tiiii ti> till Aii-!iii:i l'|.iji|iiii,'iil:iiirM, •'In din' ;i-ilii-t .l.'^iislo |'Ul liiiii I" ■liilli." (.M:i(. «xrii. I ),
Mioiitli Viiiir iii.iiial'i liy W"illcl li.ivr Imi'Ii sliiilli'ircl :iimI Jk^i linr, mi tin' ir .-a , :il''iit :i liuiitln-il xaiila
Ilk- lliat vast'." 'I'll!' |M'ii|il.' lull', all. 11,1 ,1. iiiv;il, ni, awn liniii llic ii.iiisi' i |\i>l (Mm' l"i r< |ii iitaiiii- in tlic
lii'vi'tiio .^iiiii' I'lisiniii 111' lii'iakim; " j'"' ^vhiii ili.'v ilisl.iii. i". i-i tliai ai.-iii'Mii ivi' >-tii'li liiiij» it* <-iiiiiiiMi-.
•lislitii i-xiirtv". (hiir iliti'slali'Hi nf a;i\ iin.'. '!'li.'\ .iijii-^. .1 iikl\ li'W inn:;. «illi iiMnki i| dlain hf.s nlui a» il'
oolin' lii'liiml II man ami .si:ia>ti llir jar li. ai''iii-<. lliii.-. v, i; li ^| i ■ ii liiiii; liii.;i r-^ i li ,t ini- mi » lii>li Oil' tr.iit<tr
iiii|in'ratiii^'. ii|miii liim aii'l liis, a iiM|M li-.-) n.iii, S uu .linli.s liiiii:,' liiniM'lt' 'I'lirir . |..>f liv it, is what In-
will niiiark ti'iiiii llii?< in I iVniii nii.nv miIh-i' iii-l iiui ^ m'IiI liiiii.M'lt' I'm- tin' I'.'lii'i ■> Inlii "llu- Ki> l.l nf
|MI'|i,Hi illy roliiiiii; iiinliT NiiiM' luiliri'lit llii' lluly I.aiiil l!l 1'
'LSI-. HI iiliir.'ts. tiial \lii' jSilil.! niiiiiili'lv iiairUi-x, il l'i"k
\ii,
• W II alinl lli'l' III
I""'!'
Ill i!ii iili'ii 1.1
iVi llialliT* i«. III'!
iw V i.vrv lUvn-
ilii'H II. H iiivi'iil ; ami (Iiiih many I'In'iini-lan.i's, ili.iii.'li i- a .lii.|i rli aim I li..u-i'. 'I'll • |i|..iii |.il;,-rini-. iimiI to
til iH iMVi-l an.! siii'iiiisiii:;, ail' 111 tlinsi- i.n t||,. sii..! ii.m. In' lniinil tliiii', St. .I.f..nii' marWril (lit- l<N.-.ilitj',
li"ii -I'll!' Ivi'.; I'll lili iii'Ni'i- I'liani;. s in ll iliit> Aiii,a~ liini-.i II was Imil
r.lniarv ami fViTV liav rii'.iinnla s aliil allil-l.iii>
'I'l
M' valli'V ili'sr. nils r
•i|iiilly intii a rii',;i,'i
^1 u'!'
n. (Ill
I 1.1 iiv M.Mii.'i', ih.i! •' liv iinliT uf lh» Kiii[in«i
II. 1' int. tv\'i }iiiiitlri'.l tii'il irviiity •.lii).l<<.aU <.l'i
.a I II wrrr (rj.li*-
till' iil'iiT sill- iil'lliis riM't aliriljil. liroki'ii. UhI Tilvmi lit, ,1 t.i It.iii.-.iiii.M.iiiiil, ilin lin'l imii...»a'it.i, ». ir lli. \ »(
'lli;, Willi |iriii'i|illiiiis l.anK^. tli.' Hill ..I Kvil ('..ii!i>. I. »li.i.' il « ii w.ml in r i.rl lln' I*"'... . i.t' tliu li.iiiiiti-. «ii.l iii:l»
Th
t! ruiiiH nil Ms (.111 .'til' Ihiii
if III.' ll.
.1' .\ii
i>n>i{niii tlii'Mfi'l .^Iriii riT"
till! Il'v'tl l'iii"-t. 1.1 a "..iiviiil tliil
H
iTi- 11 tt'a,H
i\
ir ^l■|■llll'H all
'll.lI'lM'l'M !■
I'l.i' iiili'ri r .il't!.i- <'»iii|». .S«iiti>
at I'lwi in iil-i". " s:i\» l>r. Iliinliv, " ti liii »i!li llii- •••I, »lin-li t
i>aiv tlVii \r;ll-H ilt'-i llS.'iHl |inMlllt-ilij a nillk t'ni|l nf ui*i|it-«-UruUI
aiiii ..tiiiT i;i'.iM»ri».''
l.ll 'U
;iil>'r
i ..I'
I t.
' i
.
1 t
m
I
FIVK DAYS AT JERUSALEM.
1
ANOTHER PILLAR IN THC VAULT! OF THE TEMPLC.
IX.- TO III Till. KM KM AND TO IIKHKON.
Thi'iv iir.» t4iiiilis of iill kiiiiU in this vinnity - -dnwn
ttll- "liilH's ,ill : IhiIiI, Hiilllr "I llinil uni.iiiii'tltril like tin
Tlllll^^ (r| till' .lilily""- nliil till' l\ili^'>, lull lliilif «!lli II.V\IMi sliiiliil with thr niliii^l liiiwii, wc hnvo
chaliil" I ~ I'Mijit (IIM, III hIihIi il l> ~.iii| ihr .\|iii.-<llr> iilcl cM li liiiW Ilin>.l nf ijir iLi\ lit liil'i iik, mill tit tllili |ilU't
tliiiii-ilM s 1 1 is c 'III It'll "Till' \| ii-ili's' lli'tiiiil"- mill (if till- Viilli') wi' I Ilk I- 111 'I'M'. 111!' wr liiiM' a Imifj juiiiiii'y
JK M iii'I'In lar>;i' riiiiiii.'h tu Imjil iIi-mh ; li.ii Si I'rii r liitiirr tin nt' Hm' hi. ills' iiiliii); fii' «i' \i>il till' l.iith-
»!■ kiiou w;is awii\, iiii<l nil ui't'i- mil In^i'thrr. Tlu- |ilin i' i>l oiii I I'lil, iii.il lli hinii. iiinl iitiiiii tf .li rii-
Mrw lit' .li'I'ili.ili'lii, Irnlil lull', ii> li l-i liiul'kalili' mil'. Milrlij W r liiiM' thi' lull nt Kvil (..'tillli.iil oil iMIl' Irl't,
\N !■ run Ml' till' \ iilli y 111' lliiiliiilii III il-- lull rvn nl, iiml ii-ninl ii|. llii kIci'|i silll'^ ul lln \'iilli \ ul' II lliliiilii,
Hithnll "llif ilillk iijnliit Ill's 111 alli'liiiliil Jllil.'iir lull 111 wlirii' I In lili'iiil, ^'1 1 ill, lii|i){ \alh_> nl' ltr|i|iuilll
lllnli'l' iiiir i-yi'S. Till- Ik wii tullilm, tlir iliil'k l'llj{i.'<il .-|ili'ii'l.s il»ill Im IuIT iih. As ««' klinW llillt ■'•'lliyil tif
hill, llif iiri'lirM'il tri'c, mill lln' I'iiImI tichl thi' |,'rr\ hiil-.si'H Mill III |iriiMil(.|| )i i llh II) th" jiillit ('ntt* nl' iilir
(.'liHiiii iiC till- ti^'i'H mill till' iijil liiiii- H'lirii \Milliil /lull iiwh rlcvrr hmI ''Xrilhut chIihuI. Mi. Kiihi. iiihI the
■ ivi'rlimiLiiiiL' nil ii>iiliitii tnui'thrr ii wihl .iihI iniiiirii I'li'in-h CuiimiI- I'lir wc mr tiii\rlliiit; with French
till |iirtiii'i' 111' .IrniKiilriii ill hi r ili-i^iilMliiiii. Siiiliii'.ss iirtislH hi^th in liiMir— wi- Hlntth IhmjiiIh thr liiiii
mill L'I'iiilll iiltiliil Kill' |i;irtili;; : vti rl;lr|i'i| in iliwiji- In ihr i .\tli liii' \«rslrl'liliM"<l |>mt uI'lhrN iiIIcn . tn whiti'
|iiiiiiliiii'iil. aiiil ili'jim'l in nii'iiriiflil siillni'sH. 'I'hi' tin' ('i'IimiiI nl ihi' llii|\ (rush Ih'k initiily trliiril
I'll I'M' III' ( Mill SI" I lis III IIS htill tu hiiii){ liki' ;t ilmki'iiiii^ w iihin ii kIh Itin il ImHi-u . iin' nl' ihr |iiriiNintfiit spnu
tjliud UVIT till! lluullii'il r.lt^. , ulllMlt Ji'MI.'-ulrUl, Wlill'll I'll^ lll'H Ll'lllllli KM ill U » llit«
w
r
il
S2
AI.I, liOUND TIIK WORLD
liiu' li'vcl witli till' |iliiii. Ynu wntiM liijrdly think
tlicri' t-xistcil till' ilrl^^l ()|ll'llillj{ of tlt«> two V llll'VS
liitwi'i'ii Us ; til" riiail "I tiiwi'is, the .\niirrii:iii
convent, iukI tin- nimar't over the .Miisi|ii(' u'onc
lil'i'iikin'4 till' line, :iliM\i> wliirli towers Itjni.ili 'of
I'M'nj.iniini liiu'li I'n tlic dark hill licvonij. It i-*
known ii, N'clii Sainwcl — tln' 'I'onili of Saniinl. •• A
Very f.iir und ilclicions |iliii'i'," siiy- Sir .lolni M.iun
ili'villi', "111111 it is I'alli'ij • \|onnt .lny,' lii'ciirs.' it ;;ivcs
jiiy to pilifrinis' licirls, tiir troru timt iiliirc ini'ii tii-st
•<(•(• .li'rnsiili'nr" < >ni' rrniinisicniT is |i|i'ii<ini; ti> irs
Knu'lislinii'n lleri ih' noliji' itirliaril < '<r'ir do Linn,
iiihaniini,' t'roni his laniji Ml A^ki'loii, st i.nl in -iinlil of
till' cily, mid hiirii'd his t'.nr in his iiri ir. with the
;,'i:ind cxilain.itioii. so lull ofihivalry mil [iicty : "Oh'
Loril tioil; 1 pray iliat I niav m-vT sfc thy llolv
Ciiv. i( -o 111' lliut I liny not ii'sciic it (Voin ilii' hands
o|' thiiir ciHinic^ ' \Vi' sh ill soon have llii^ hill mi mir
riulil Half an iioiir iiriiii;s into the (.'oiiviil oi'ihc
• 'loss It jo iks like a tiirlresN; and it is well thai it
is so in ihi« wild ciiiniry. for oin' Su|Hrior lia> already
lieei. niurdiied liy |i|underini; Arali- Now, it lies all
[MMeeful. surioundid with rieli olivr :;rouiids, with a
iiaek ;;rolliii| of hills, ami every seni'il lliee of Wealth
iilid i-onifoii It owe» this wealth aud lame to its
Oii\eriln,' till' sjiol wlier.' tie- tree flMlll whiell tile Cross
was iiiaile L'l'ew , tln' i,'o o I iiitured (ifeek |(a|ias
shows the holi' iMidi'l- the lilu'li allar. The ehureli is
rii'lily dsoiiiid with 111 is Ill's, and his a s|i|i'ndii||y
1,'iMi'd eh III' .nil an a iiiiirahh' lU'/. inline |iiil|m The {
old [irie.st will show von it verv straii^i' pil'iiii'i' In'i'i-, liki'
a lo'ii; |iaiioraiim — a sii|./iil ir heieroi; 'iieoiis iiiiitiiri' '
ol' devils, [iri'sts. mil illei; irie.il pei'so la^es of all a'.'i's.
and easlles .in 1 i»ro\'i's It reliies lo soiin- story .ihoiil
l<ot. ihi' ;.'isi of will h is. thai having repented of ihe ;
sill iiiio wlih'h he hid i>e"ii deluded hy inloMiaiioii, \
the I'.iiriaieh. oit wikiii;', sui^'hi at once .some m aiis
of e\pi iii III, liv e la.iiliiii:; :i i,''vili' The holy m hi
orderi' I linn t • pi ml in hi.s :;irdeii three lir.inihe^ of
trei'.H, mid I'l no'.iridi them with w.iter from ih'^
,loi'daii. to lie fi'iehi' I liy him every iiioriiiii:; on fool If
till' lir.iiiehes took ri'l. he woul'l then knoiv that In'
w.is I'lrylven. .S'e\l liiorniii;; L'll |il.iiitet| the ihi'ie
euttili^'s, and sMrted oil' to the .lonl III -lei short (lis-
laiii'e — for the water; wliih' rt'tiirnin,; he w.i.s iiei'uste.l
hy mi old iM'i,':,'!!' Ill in e.xh.uistel with the heiil, wiei
asked ii r I drink of water, this l.m ;,'ive to him, know-
III'.' that h' should still h ue in iili.di left to walir llm
i'iittni:{s. A little f.ii'lliir mi, lln' sime de'iianl w.is
made upon hiin liy ;t I livelier, whiili i'i'>| i si ii.' km-w
not lioW to I'ctuse ; iitid so on, hi' iiiet - i m my pi iipl-
on Ills way, and w.is so ehirilalile tint when he
L'ot h'liiie he h.td Hit a drop nl water lefi for himself
I'lred as he Was he must :.'ii li.e k to 1 1
P0U18 Of 801UM0N.
Rm|K'ror Tati.in,) mid LjoiMi; d'lwii hy a rapi'l deseent
to where lle'V siv w,i.s tlif ihreshiiii; lloor of (Jlied
(hlien, half ii h mr hriiii;-! in t<i the " Valley of the
Teri'liinthus' or rurpentine, adark iiid deep .md narrow
\ illey, wilh the lied of a dry torti'iit .seoriiii; a white
line alonn its liottom. wlii. h Iraililioli deelares lo have
marke.l the separaii f the c'amp of Siiil from that of
till' I'hilisliiie^. ||i'ii< |)ivid slew (ioliath, (otiieis
.siiy this liappeiie I at .->liuweikeli, llir Sm oh of the
pl.'iiii of .liidall (.lo,h. XV, .li")), lii'Voiid (iaz.i, iilid
near lli'it Syhim). The sitiiiition is siililiine, and »e
hall at II litth' H|iriii;;. under some olive In is, lieliirc
ileM'i'iidin.t; the sti-ep dei livilv itllo the ^.'llley liy wliii'll
We tilU't liloimt tip lo the t 'oiivi'lii I'l St .lollll hv sle|tf(
hewn III lie I'oek Tlii'i" Is "a iiiountaili on the one
side and .1 lii'iimlaili on the ol her, ami ,i \alle\ liitweeii
them," jii^l ihe place for the ti;;l.t .is ili si i ihi d, illiil
llnre. too, IS till lii'ook. and tlnie .soiiie -liioi.ih s|one»
thai would have ju-t .■:iis«eii'il the Mum:; .shepheid-
lioy'.> hold pnrpiisi' rp in iIii'm' roekv moimlaiiis
soilthwai'l. Islhi laMlli w 111 li'in St. ilohli dwelt m'lie
\Vilderne.s.s ; Imt we inii.st lirst hinp at the t'oiiM nl
he llei's III
risli .iiid villi tie 111 nil 1|.
up to set 'id ijalll .111 ili'j
IIS extreitiil V, aiel
• iiilorii
that Ills eh irity h id la ise 1 him I'l liiel
Klein il.miormim^ him ih it it was the I
to hear the thoii'^hts ih it l.oi's misehiin
r
il I ' il'i'h 111 his poiver I 1 I assiiiii
■ 111 Ills h'linew.ii'd iialli, and thus drani
ot W.lti'l'
I
Lot
I'
dolled, an
loot aii'l llaiiishi'd ; in after years i
the w I lor the llolv ( 'I'oss We ip
<ieoi:.M Ills (tor til
the l.i^l mid oiilv
I'll u I'l 'h of I 'lin si I Ills, thi'ir sole p,
it fii:
net tl" V I'lii
III It as ^iM
PTVP T)\Y« AT .TKRI'SAT-F.M.
•8
i
Tt \(M)k iiR nti lidiir to fo.tfl.
^ tlir [)<M-n cif St. .lolin, wliich
*" ^^ ^gj toillK'tfriTii tcili;is{i'<iriiic viiii'n,
j^^^jJE JiJK^* '";•* J '(♦ifc^lHh^^^^^l '""' 'll'' "ilMl- trijH (it tllC lllivrM,
''•' ' ni-'^ff^Xi "'S'^T?"" V J** ■ •|ll''M'lMli,'i:lliili'<. nil wliiisc l|l|'<kH
H^BROH. WITH TH: SAVt OF l.iACHPflAH.
Sill, illlll U llil'll nil' Willi I'l III' lllll
'iX'llsl till', nil U llil'll till' illptllt
r,''4ii liM'il, Will' til lif si'i'ii I'vrry-
\. Ill II'. A turn ill llii'ilii'|i\Mlli'y
liriilli.'llt llltil-i'.'lll, nil till' --iili' lit
V. I .iky I'i'iik, till' ( iiiiiiii wlicrtt
Kl .l.iliii till' I'll I'lM-iiir j'ii'<'<i'i|
(illiiii M'iirt 111' Ills yiiiilli (l.iikii
i .'>ll). It isu |i:itiir:il i'\.'.i\;itiii||
111 1. lilt till ri'yiiril> » iili' liy '. « 1 in
ili-|iili. 'I'lii' |ilari' iM l.iiiily mill :i
« illlrlllC'sM, llllt IKll M lIl'NI'lt. A.
-|iiiML; risi'M nil. I .iiiil |ili':is.iii(,
tiiiiii wiiliiii, mill tiii'kl'"! (Iiiwii
:i
wliiili !■* lii^li «,illiil mill >liii|ii; imt^iili' III II', lm\ iiii;
(ilitlilinl Milllli>-iiill li'l' iilllsi'lvrs Illlll liiiI'M'S tlll'iilli.'l
till' liiM II II llimr lli.ll miIiiiIIm llllt nlii' at II tillll' - II t>
Hlil'r |i|ir.intiii||,' Ui- Mr.it tlll'jl Mllillll'inn Mil rlllljiii. , *
u iMVi' ill w llil'll St .Inliii wiif liiiiii : tlii'ii L':i/i' ii|iiiii tin .
MCl'lll- llnlli till' MIMll.llril liill nil \\||irli tills .stl'nll^'
omixriit lull ii'-s ^t:lllll■'. iliiwii iiitii iliip anil ilark
V.llll'V>. «ililM' j;il'\ tnrk-. will II' tlirV I 11 I' till' CIIIIM III. !_,
IllUn lil'I'll linjliiwiil liV 11. illlll' ill*" <'aM>. sill ll IIS till ^ ^ ',**| ^t.,^_ • *ft-.?-
hi'llliiis nf till' iiiily ( iiiilili Inv.il ll. ilwi'll ill ( In :i Lj .!!!^^'^ " " '*'' ^'-
Hliiii.ijly, wlii'ii' Millirniil snil run lir Iniiinl Inr imt^, K'^-II^
liu' ii'ii"', wall Mill '■ I liii(:inL' iniiiiil till II tiiiiik>, iiia\ ^
111' Ml'i'll Miltlinil lilu'lll 'I'll' \ llllijil' tllilll I till (nllMlil-fe- -"
wills i.s lalliil Am I iililii, till' liiiiiitaiii n) tin- A '■-,*
N'il'Uill, till liillii'l'. l|ii'\ m\, iiiliii' tin' \'ll;;in til iliaw » ■
Wali-I' wlii'll I'll a \i~ll In /.111 |ial'i;.|l lilnl I li/iiliit li.
wliiisf limiM', iil.niii II i|ii,'iitii lit ;i null' lii m tlir rmi
Vint, is I'lixi'i'i'ij willi .11 Illlll ll iiiimv aipl ii all i'liii|n 1,
rilll'll till' Clia|ii I 111 till \ lllallnli ll.likr i, 'M).
^^Jf^t Smi 1 <vf»-
'^■r«?;*%«f%'
.*.;-^.--- %
HLtiN 0- JlKICHO.
tliornrk. A lull I |iiillsi'|ii'|i'.aiiil
tlirli ti:i.k ii'-i|iiii kl\ asiiiiilailst'.i
will ran \ IIS iiihIi'I' siirli ii Inirii-
inn sun. 'll till' ('mni'iil nl' St.
Jiiliii till 11 I'l'lay III ratlli- iiml a
Urwi'^rnit.sinl mi In riiii'.iisWi 11
iiM I'll'ii ' linii'iit, liii«|iiiali|y tiir-
tlisliril I'V till' ;.'iiiiil I'alliii'H.
.■\l lii^l '.t.iiliiiij mil' liiinl was
liMilaiiil'lii .'iiy riimii;li,i'i'i k .ilti-r
link, liki '.;ri'at sliiisnra iiimiii-
tain I'lil nil' willi It kiiiti', iiinl
^2^'''^*r'^HnKft ilmi'l <<|' '^* K>^'iiiiir |iii\iiit;
' I y - __ ■'*•' : lUii s. I'lV lliis i-ii.nl lii'nililii{
- '» . ' • % _ : iiitliwiiiil, in wliii ll iliiiiliiiii
'"jC^ • •' I'l'Vi' Im'i'II .'ill uliill',' |il'nr 1-
.'«!.. 1:1^, wi' ii|i|i|'iiarli till' tiiiilitimial
.^.^ .■.'•' Milt nf till' I 'miMI-iiill nf llm
'S'^\<"'-\ I'll,,,, nil, l,y l'liili|i llinv l„.
'**.»*
IHE UEAD SE*.
lniina'.;ri| tin nli'iiiiii'liii int ' .\i'l.'«
> III. '!>) nil sllrll II I'lillil is ,llllini<(
U nillai'lr, lll'l llir IllrillllJ lIlV
OIIK II|U1|I it, IIUW'-U'llil|.S, Wliulll
bu .iiuiiliuri
f I
S4 ALL ROUND THR WORLD.
A foiiiiliiiii iii.'ii'ks llic ^|Hit— Mill II sliiaiii. It witti I iiii; ;;liii'i) i>r tl
Shn
ix ri'tiirniiii; from t o
lantl
oiicf lii;;lil\ ailniiiiil, itnil tlic iiiiiiiiriiiis <iiiv< il .■.tiiiics ' id' stnuij^i'i-x In lnT native vilLiyi' ( Itiilli, i , 7). i'Aoim
liinj,' .iIhhii i'\ii|riitly rniinnl a iinriiim nC tl Imiiiii'l l)y the nulr is llif will, rm'tlit' wiitrr rimii wliirli |)iiviit
liv wliiili ilH wiiltf was niiivivi-il iiilo llic Si
liiiii;t'i|. All iiliuul, we Ni'c till' viiii-viil'ils nt .liiiliili
AiiiillnT li'iiir liiiiiiylit UM III Iti'il jiila, wliiir tlir I'Vi'iT liill >iilr, willi wiilrhliitttTs ami walU, Kvi ry
Laliii I'.ilriaiili lia.- ii tinlilc t'uiiiiil.iliun t'nr tlif cilii- I place uIkhiI is ijliiuiii;; with wilil (li>»ers, daisjeH, anil
I'lu'V. lli'iH'i' liy a tiiilsiiiiie ri>ii:l J the white Slur III' llilhli hem ; wilh a hln/e nl' Kiiirlet
i| ihi^ like ; ihe lirnt
I'lllimi III ille lliilive
until w-e reach I he |i|.iin ul' I
i'|iliaiiii niiee inme, li'inn i lliiweis, anenmiies \\ ilil tuli|>->, in
wliich, liy a penile liias Inwaiils tin- lel'i, we arii>e at liiluriin.-* nscl tn lall llicni " ihe Saviiinr'.s liliiuil iliii|ii
a Huiall iiliiiin); 'I'lirki-li ini»i|iie, >li;.;lilly elcMilcil mi , Itare ami liarren as is all a
th.
I'
I'onnil, thof lliiwars, in thi.^
le. wilii a lilfic w hite ilnnie on llic loll, ami , spring time, al'<> a lirilliani cnnti'.iH. Itehiml Dcthle
s|irinK
inteil Mi'ch tin ils siile at the iitlier oiiii. We iiiiw liciii, we »•■• rising; a Iniu'e sMill ul' innnnlaiiis, lii^h,
knnw "'I'liere is liiit a lilllc way to l''.|ihi'.itah, which | massive, ami oversliailow in^. N on know the illect of
is lletlileliem " for we are lra\elliiii,' in ihc roiisle|is j Ihc ilistaiit IIcUcIImi incr the Miiioiiniliny ilislrict— -
lliat is the a|i|icarance of the iniinntains <i| Mualintcr
llelhli'heni. The Idvul Sea lii s liclweeii, Imt llieie
ir.faciili on tc
t'i'oiii Iti'th cl to J-Moni. ami \M' havi
I'cai'heil the |ilnce where he Imiieil his lieaiitil'nl ami
Well I'avoiiri
III Siniott )
liail
III. w liii n.iimi
I her Mill II
en oni (.'^on
US she Mil
il l<
lell. XXXV.
IS. I'll,. We halt
here I'or a lew ininiiles iitnler the iiillilencc of leinler
A re<|iiciriil lecliiii.'s. till' syni|iilhy lor a In
~lialii| three llioii-ainl Neil's a I'll : — llie hull
iia''e III
ari' tile iniiiinliiins, lnuwii, lin^e, iiiii'cielin;,', never
tn he ror^'ollcii ; ami this is why I'aviil, wliii
lis a liny liail them always licfori- his I'yes, took eaie
to S4'ciii'c rel'iii;!' t'nr his ohl lather ami iiinlhcr in
their h i^'liis when llicie was nolniiu'er -alelv tor them
teal's |iii<l to a .Icwisli wile's hnmlile Ininli, which in ltd iilchcm. An o|>i'iiiii^ in llic-e inoiuilains hhows
1,'iilileii niaiiMileiinis nl' Xcnnlna ami l'lcn|>alra wnnhl llie sjint where Lot's uil'e was clianifeil inln a i'illar nl'
l.illlnelicil. " iiai hi'l ilicil I V me!" What iiowcr to wake ! Salt, ,'iml in the ilisl.ime is the Wilileriiess nC F.
iKcili.
rmntinn is in tlmst' sinijilc woiil-., while here we slaiiil i The I 'hiii'ch n|' the Nativity, is an enoininiis pile nf
iipnii the split wlicrc ill.' piti'i.ii'cii lil'leil lip hisl'ace ami I hiiililinus, cnverinj; a l.ii';ie s|i:ii e. mi^imilly Imilt hy
IS :4i'c.ii Weeping ami laineiilatinii." ' the Kmpii-ss Helena, repaiiiil ami 'iilirijcd by varimis
wi'iil. ami ■■ llidc w
Cliiisiian cnnlriliiiiiniis, IhiI slill imperii ct ami ii
parts riuiiniis
Tl
IIS olll^llt lint tn I
Tl
are lire Hired
Ih
invents, L\tin, (iri'ck,iini| ( 'hristiaii, uiili tlie Chnicli
III' the Nativity cm n to all. The nave, with iin
(lonlilc lines nt' Cm iiil hi an enliimns ami ronri t' l.eli.iiiiiii
eeilar, i.t what remain^tn lis ot llii' ;.'raml Imsilica
ii r.
Th,
(.'Inii'i h III' the Nativity ilsell las a n .1 i I' Knulisli nak,
l!ie;'irt nt'nnrnwn I'Mw.'iiil l\'. Iliie Halilwiii was
•Wlieil Kin;; nf <lei il-alclii. Oiill
c loliiiiiiis n
I' till
iili' nav es III IV vet lie liac
il
le allllnrilll
Ml tl
lis 1. 1 the eenlliil
licai'in^s nl'llie ( 'riisii'ei'^, aiiil Hie wa
nave slill show Ihe leiiiiins nl' Hvzanliiie ii.n.-aics. Il
iciW seems hill as a pa-^ ^e lietwecn the lohMlils, ami
yoii will nlisi I'M' I hat il is nl-n a phii e nl liii i I il lC Inr ihe
pcas.'ints nl the \icinitv, while tliey elijnv tin helter il
alliii'ils ri'oiii heal or rain, ami liiim|iiilly Mm kc tlieii
pipes, as lliey iil'e nnw lining, while I heir cliilillcn are
receiving' iiislniclinii t'lmii the pimis liielhrcii. h'min
this we ilesi'i'ml tn the Niilitcrralicm MiiiIIn llliiler the
\s we iTii Oh We ,sei' Itethleheni. We arc liiri|l\ tl 'or ofthd 'hiiicli, ami ynili),' lhrmi;;li a Imit,' nal mw pas
RACHU'S fiHAVl.
hillaii hniii rrmn it. Tl
III
11,1;; ninre t II III ^.e'l
1 mule track, Iml well Iroililin lor .,,mc llimi^aml-
lieloni;ili^ In llie i.ililis- ihe (iiicks lijivc almtlier
Mais. Till' ascciil Is (Till
tic: Il
le liail'iiw I'M
entrance liml miiselvcs in a little cliii|>el. iwinlv
Icet Imi.' iiml eleven wiili'. with a inailile llinr.
mi seven
whose siile is placdl the liille ciiv, with its Mat inoleil ailmncil with tapest.'y ami pi-lnics, ami liiiliili ilin \\
houses, ami ilsi'liiMipntimiM'iii-, ihj.'k cliHicrini; iniiml with siUcr lamps. this is the Cinilo nl the Nati\it_\
the spot of till- .Natuily. i, not nl" ifieat hciijhl It is There arc two small leioses ally nppnsile tn each
a c..iilii-ei| aiel i!'i'c,'iil ir pile nl' while liiiililinir,. |,ui li.is oiher ; a marlile slali in the nmthi rnninst, which is
a ;.'ay ami siiiilin,' I.Kik. as il' the Star of the l-^iwt still seini 1 ireni.ir, ami marks the spot nl' the Niilivily,
-le 'IHtcliirht ami liri.'hine.ss nver it. 0\er the town liaviny iipmi jl a silver star to ihsi^jnale w In re llii'
h in>{s a pi nil of yrcn . helnwiiihe hill is j'^whinneil Star nl' the Kn.si resteil There is also an in.scriptinn-
Mito hriacc- of nliw tree-, ami vines, .iml rn» trees "llic lialiis est .lesiis ('hilstiis ilc \ ilfiine" ("Here
At ii-^ I'll I, -I
V II III Ille V.llli'V . ai
till
.1.
>iis Clirist
was limn o
t a \'
irL,'lll I I III I lie I'lt'llt, or nil
lii'lils Ms, th, Ml V ion, ii,|,U in which jiiilh .'le.ineil the .sniith, is a chamlur, ilown Iwosii ps, paveil ami liiml
thei'i- is i:„' \ri\ l.irni nt lioi/ liiinsclr It nnisl !«• sn. w iih marlile, at miceml olwhii h is,i I. In. k of stoiic hewn
\lii'.el\ oiir.irlisi is ^kd chilis' 1 lie lalimiri I's w In. wmkcl mil, -the stall. Iiom which was take the w hn iiiiiii
Willi iJiiiJi ..„, p. ,",(5i. ami ihi'ic a|iini,'that path acinss yer linw at Kniiie in the M.isilica nl' Santa .Maria Miij}
the liclil-. yoiiiu' tiiw.irils the ilci'p ;;alewav. is .N'amiii u'iorc, ami cxhil.iti il excry Chrislmas in the presence nl'
Ifci'M-ll, Ills) .1- -he liiiiks III ijir piclnies |iaiiile.| hy the the I'opc .Instill .Martyr, who was Imiii at .Nahltis ami
;.'i'eal i.|.| p.iiiiieiN. whn SI happily c.iii;rlit the spirit imtrt) t'eil at {{nine ill I he M-cmiil century nliniisthis
III the Sciipiiiii', III the loin,' ijowii nCilaik liliie, ami stniie.iimlSI ■Icrmm'.whnwi'nU'the X'lilpitcinacliamlier
Inr Mil . I whili . ..Hon clofh In HJiade av»'iiy llie lairii- 1 Iml a liw pmes (roiii litis spot, h.is vouched Hir itH
FIVE DATS AT JRRT'SAI,KM.
M
iilciitilv, liy clliHinlin; it for Ili« rrsiih-iicc. Hrri' lived
iiiiil •lii'il, ll»it i>in>t illiislriiiiis III' |iil;,'i'iiiis In tlir Hilly
Ijiml. Ilcic^ III' (iiNlrij, |iniy<il, mijiI Ntiiilirij ; licii' li •
I'lillirri'iillio^tf Ii.'iihU III' < 'lii'i>liaiis to^ctlH'r \nIiii still
siii'vivc, ill llii' llllliirl'iMIH riiliM'lils iil' llic lliily l,.iiii|.
( iMi- till' iilliir ill this (liiiiiilit r III' llir .M.imj,'ii-. is ii
iii.'lilir iit'a xtiilili' iilnl calllc, iiml. Iii'liiinhi lilllr niiliii){
III' iruii. IIm' liiiii|is III!' ki'|il riiiislMiilly Imi iiinj;. li'i;;lit
niiiHisili- to this is nil altar, llial ul' tlii' .Ma;{i, or
I'liiiT Histrrii Kiii;{-i, nil tln'>|>iil «lii|i' tiny ^iit, wlini
I lli'V niliir to iiM'rr |)ri'St'lil< to llir Son 111' ( iiiil. 'I'lid'O
Is a pii'liii't! ol' tills over till' iiliar, in wlii< li mie of lliii
kiii;;s is |iailiteil ii.s a lie;^io
Near the door ol' tlie ell.i|iel of tlie (jlliti Convent
villi no down two lliiilils of steps |u a mm ill eliajiel, dedi
lati'd lo St .lose|ili, » lieie lie waited dir ilii; ll n-
lineiiieiit of the ViiL,'iii At tlie end of lliis |iiis.-M){e is
St. .lel'oines ( 'liallllier ; and just nut of llie iloor, oil
ilie rij,dil liaiiil, i'* lii' tonili. ()|i|Misiie are tlie imnlis
nf S;'iila r.iiila and lier ilaiii;)ilir. Saint Kii-tneliia,
Iwn Imlv ladies wlin arrnni|iaiiii'i| St. ilerniiie. and
{III vided llilll will) nil alls diiiiiii; lii- leii)>tliened
and |iinlis lalinlirs Here also i- llie yriM- of
liis faitlilill and earnest ili-.ei|ile, St. Ku.m liiils. nl
< 'reiiinii I .liisl liy, ill tlie liist |ia.sMj{e to tlie left,
is a ilerji |iit. into wliieli. lliey say, tlie Imdies of
lilt! inlaiits. nilirdered liy Herod's cruel ni.ilidate.
wen* tlirown lit tlie tune 'I'lieie is an all.ir over it,
liiit ue lookeil down into llie pit tliriiii){li an imn
;.'ratiii|;. and .saw iiiitliiiiK. He all lliisa.s it may. we
kiinw lliat, anywhere here, wi' are within a lew paeiii
iif the liiilli|ilaie o»' the Siiviiiur nf Inaiikilid ; and
eold llii'eeil liillst 1)' llie lHil>t, and ileail the Vel'V I'Oid.
of that mall who, onre on this s|>ot, dnes not
earneslK and siiieenly sliart* the enlhiisiaMii iit thnse
|ionl'|ill;,'l ilns W holll ue now Hie ill ilee|>i niol in||,allil with
telM'lit thalikllillHss loi His ^1 eat li(ie\, |i|'i.>tral ill);
then. selves lit the .-liiihe of the Nalisity l.neal
tradiliniis nhmind. 'Ihere is a ;;rotlo in the roek. just
out of the villane, to the south, whele llu' N'iiyin sat
down to Miekle the infiint .lisiis, ami the milk n\ei
llnwiii); lioiii the <li\ iiie diild'H li|'S, has ^ixmlo the
grotto the \irliie of iissisliti); all weak niotherx who
priiy at ihe altar theicin eleeled. '^lllk^, (lleeks ami
Arilleliialisalike Vnllehforlhis, alid.you see, I helimestnlie
is .SI raj led away ill all ilireelimis : in one |iiirl a rhamfer
has 111 en serii|ied niit. that woiiieii U'liV drink water
in which the pouder floni it Ih leeii mixed.
'Ihere is also annthil' grotto in wlmli the \ ir^iii
rciiiaiiied hidden uiili her child iliiiiiiLr fn^l,^ ila\s, to
escajie the wiathlill |ielsecnl inn ol lliind. iifler tin-
Ma);i had made known the .siicci sstiij results n| their
search fill the Son of (ind and liitiire Kiiij{o| Mi n.
I'asxiiiL; throii^di i'etlilehem lown— for we nie imw
rapidly joiiriieyiiii,' linmrds lleliron— it is iinpohsilile not
III iioliee the manly and spiiiiid heariii); of its pi opir,
nr the licauliliil form and line expii ssimi of eoiiiiteiiiii c
in ilic daiinlilcis lit lliilh. The men ha\e a slnnly
healing' and fearless Innk. siiiinlhin^ like the lli).;li
landers. ftavid iMiiie frniii here, and so did .Imdi
and havids other Miliaiil capliins 'j'liese men are
iialiirally hardy, for lliev are lirminht iiji as slirpherd.s.
There lire lir;:i> tliiiks in the plain and nn tin hilU, and
see, where ilic reapers are ciiiiiii); the lun lev. and their
wniiicn and . hildliii i,'leaniiij,', just us Unlh did when
Una/, eame to hmk after his laliniirers (Itiitli ji , ."i 7).
riiere. iiMi, is a wnniaii heutiii;: out the yraiii on n stone.
as [{iith did (Kiitli ii , I), and liny "dip their morsel in
the vim !.'ar," am' eat " parcfieil I'om "-- tliat is, tli^
rn isted e.irs, the I half Imiii;.' liiirned nlf over a lliiiiio. W'v
(;n nil In the"(!rniinn| llie .Sln|iherils," w here they hiy at
iii'.dit, walchiiiL; ill ir tincks, and make niir modest
nlfcriiiL;. as pil::riiiis. nf a few \va.\ faiidles tn tho little
hiimlile sill ill!' adnrned with Home jioor paintings
Tliiiiie, a three ipiartcis nf an hour's march to the I 'axe
nf .\i|iillaiii, in the innuiit.iinniis wilderness of l'!li;:edi.
It is situated in a ^real rock that haii^^s on the educ of
a narrow shelf of rmks in a fearful nor;;e, with lower-
in;. cli'''s alinve it, and In ;>el to it yon have In leap into
a low window Imle Within, it is a vrry lar;,'e grolin,
ipiile dry liut very dark, with niimeroiis pa.s.sjigeM rami
fvim,' in all directions; a veritaMe stroiinlinld and
hiililii; place, such as a few hold liieii could Imld aj,'aiiisl
a liii*t, arnieil as soldiers were in Saul's time. The
111 X i lie here is excessively prccipilniis. The ciivo has
I ecu in.ide use nf, even ill late years, as a place of refll);e
fill the inliiiliitaiiis nf the disliici i.i tunc of war. Ymi
read, ill llic iiceoiiiils of the Kleiicli .A l;.'erine caiiipai^rn,
of .Marsh ll I'clis.icr and (iemnil l,aiiinriciiie havini,'
siiirneated "iiiiic hiiiidieds of pca.sant Aralis with their
wives and cliildrcn. in jiist siii h a cave, Ky lii;liliiii; lires
III the eiilraiiee, when they could liy no means drive
them out or Vent lie in theln.selves.
A rii;;','ei| roa I l'riii;,'s us Inn k to the niiih i' path and
up the jjreen Milley nf waters In the "Thlec I'onIs of
Siilonnin," which lie all iii a row, one lielow the oilier;
each of an olilnii^ I'nrni, of the reH|ieetive 1cii;;|Iin nl
.'iiill, ll'.'l, and 'iSS feet. The largest, the casternninsl,
is L'IMl fiet wide and •">'• dee|i. sn that wlii'ii full -which
it now is, and ruiiiiiii){ nver to the second and the
third it would limit the lar^fest man of war that ever
p|iiiii;licil the nce.iii. llnw lii.iiitiful iiiiist have lici n
the i{ irdeiis, hell a'loiits, in Snlnmnii's time ! the vim-
Minis Hid the nrchards nil the neiL'hlinurili); hills and
the viUey In the imrl ll VM'sl. AIniii; the iiinMiitain side,
wiinliiii,' III a cniidii I, is the channel In siippiv
•Icrilsaleni, made liy the » i>e kiii^ iiiid reslnrci^ liy
rniillils I'ilale, as we learn Irnlii ■Insephils It runs and
meanders in varimis siiiiinsities fur nine miles' dislai ,
|iis| as Used In wind and wander, thrniii/li the iinadnws
nf |sliii;;liin iiid 'lornsey, our own New Itiver, In its
old leaden coinliiil, from Ware to London. The lii^li
sleep hill to the left that I'lnn liiniH lialiiral iiiiiiiinl,
risiiii- Slid feet fr the \alloy -is the Ijci'ndiuin nf
.Insephils, a ;,'! cat liLihlinij place and fortress of I he nldeii
time, ll Kiaiik .Moiinlaiii " of the ( 'nisadeiN. wlm had
llicir last tiuht mil here, .iiid made here their la.s|
stand after liny weie driven mil of .Iiiusalciii. The
old castle, the Inweis, a'lil the Walls ciinnccliic.; lielwecn
lliciii. siill remain, Iml in ruins At its feet lies Tcknali,
w 111 ii.c came the clcvi-r wnniali tnseek fur the reliel AK
salniii pard'iii frmii his lather We are iiiwapproachin^;,
aloiiL,' the Valley of Kshknl (mil nf which came the
yrcal liiinch of j;ra|B'H that so sliriirised the Israelites),
to lleliion, the oldest city in Canaan ; one of liie oldest,
also, in the world ; I'm- it was Imilt si'veii yens liel'nr*'
Memphis, and has survived it It was the Imidcr city
of ihc I'rnniised Lmd, the cily nf Ailia, llie Prince nf
tii.ilit.s, the lily nf Kphmn the (liltile, nl whom
Alirahamlniii^ht his tmuli Held, .Machpelah (lieu. x.Jii.,
Ill), the lirsl ImiMc i>\' the patriarchs, as it is their last,
"fur here," s.iys St .Icrmiie, "ale luiricd .\ilaiii,
.Mil iliaiii. l-iiac. and .lacnli." t'alili clmsc ii f,r Iji..^
pnrlinii, for he had seen it when mil will, the spun.
The Vale that leads Up to il is deliciiiUM, rich in nrchaiiU
and in Minjirds, alioiindin^ in wcllsaiid fertile ii, snil.
ILL ROUND THE Wt)RLn,
NAZARCIri.
Hiirtr^t |fr)>ii|M |M» <i< oil Oh' rmiil, witli rcniicrs niui
Ijli'iiiii'r-. I'l'Hin- ••! t'l |<.iiri.iri li.il linu', I In ii:><-i|iiii
if< till' iiK'^l proiiiiit'iil oijtct ill iIm- l.iii<Ur.i|H < ijii'ii
II ('••ii\i'ii( l.iiilt \,\ ||>i<ii.i iIh- Kiiipn •«■•, it iimr-. ilin
liiiiil' xt' .\l*r.ili.iiii 111 M ,• )i|a I ill, iiikI till I'll II -|o|iiii:,'
lull "i-ii' Al lt» l>ci-«-. Ill till' \.iili « i> till' limii ill I III 11
<li\ l>l<-'.^ I'iti'li >'li a <« |uri«l'- >liiiill lull. 'Mil- !,'■'■ < II t.iiiK'-)
iiihI III' .'•rii IwliU, llw . Ii\>- t'r'"\i- timl tln' \ iiii'MiiiIo,
slli-lrliiii'^ up iiitit i» run ll;:lit .««.n !■' lliiiti •< 1 1. « Iniii !•
iiihali<'<'<l III-' l-ri> :i> < Til ■ii-'iilil III- >'rMi>iil> loiik
• liiwii. In-wiiiii;', Im v> II hihI sfli ii|ii\ i>\i'i' all. AI'miiI
iHii iiiilfs l»-l>>rv I' , u<<.j llw t. •nil. lull ^l||| uilliili
'. I l<'<<li| IHlIt, olllllllll';: :il<
III', III
I tilH-
VH'W, Wf rnlli, |||k.|
llic ri'iitrf •'! .1 la-.iii. <it urxli -miikI Ii I
itiK'iriil i».i(;r'-»ii tn-. i>«<iin »n I'll ill 1,'irlli, iiiiil
It- tliii k •|ir>^^iiii;.' 1 r . '. l»-» r^tii.i n«ii- iiii ari'ii
111' iiiiiily tliin 1<»I III iiwiiKi.r S' li"« il iliii'W-'
■ 'lit 111 till*'- in^ii ■•III'- »Kli> a;2.iiii I'K^ik iill" III
liilliK i.il'ir llliil- 111." »:»lify l» lull ••! Ilyn, i;ii.,li-,
■ Ml uiiii Iniit in^ • III »ll \i<ri-'l\ I I"!- r llhii link, if
tt'iii|iti"ii li'll-', A^<r..li.tiii • iii'-rliiiiiiil llii' .iiiui'l<: I'lit
liiTi' iiiii'iln r Iri'li'oii iiilt-rt' II -, wliirli junvliuil tlii'
Kiik I'l Alir.iliiMi wiiliiTiii ■( il" iiii'iiii'iil 111 "iir {."iili
iTiiiiti\i<'ii VVf liitl iiiir>>liii- I'll" t"i 1 niii'iiil'li .Il \v
ri-nl«iil III tint tt»ii. »lni' il»n I nil li"-|iil.ili|i'
<'ii|it<-iit til n-v-i'ivt- tnt»<'lti-ri>. "•' ■(••« ••t>' ' ili>' ii II' -Il
lllclll MillH t'|i|l-.>)|t«'ll>«i o>tl«<-r-'i4l"li li'lliiUI'l nil till'
''llllllltlilll 1 ( till- Jt-IM.- ill t'uli
UKIlrliiarnl I" lir li»fir»rt«iC.
I'crtlllillv llliltrt'li •! tlkixsil It" !••» tiuut 11
till' tii»ii lk«>Hi:;ii J tititvnalli "I Atnti- iiikI luin^.
rill liM«dvil. >!«■■»■■» ' IT - »«• tsi'io) la-ailill'. mill nil MTtlllil
Lrikk, ^tivf. *>iiM. I>u»ii«w^ ami iiilii'i'-ii'i
IIIH. uliiili mil' li".st
iIh- 'I'nik- «' li'
Wi nil'iiil
I'lir
liii<Hi|iii'. Ill wlii'i'li iii'i'i'SM In ili'iiii'il. in n ri'iiiiirkniji*
lillll'lili:,' uilli il ^ll"ll;.' llil,'ll Ullll I III ill at llir I'llM' willi
IlirUr >l"lii-.. Kliil I'l Inn 1- lil'i'll l.|"ll;;lil IVi'lii i' i' Tillll'lf
nil n't -a III I » illi t»<i Mjiiari' iiiiii.irit.-' 'IIh' ualli^ti'ilil'iil
« iili H.|iiaii' I'il.i-ii i>. rill' 'I'l'iiili 111 Alii'.iliaiii i> in n
I'll ijirl. »iiliiii till' >'{iiiii'i' iil'llii' iii<»'|Mr : ninli'i' ils
ilmiii' it wli.il I- ralli'il tin- 'I'liinli nl Kmiii. On tin-
ii;:lit 111' till' iiii'M|iii' iliii'i' it >arali - 'rninli. mill iii>!
lii'Mili'l It llliil 1.1 Alil'ilialil ; null -{'"liilllii; 111 llir^i'
III' till' I ninli'i 111 I -III' ami iirliina ami mar tliilii in
a iii'i'M till' jiriiMi. Miili a |iiil|iii 'I'lii'M' IhiiiIm 11'
M lill'li' Miiall lull-, Ullli ,1 uiliiliiu nil rai II "lili'. Tin V
li|H II wilh I'lilillllU 1 1' H 'IN lit' Wnii'l mill Hull. Willllll
lacli I'l llirsi' |K an iniltatinii nl tin' Haii'n|iliaL:nH uliiili
lii.Hiii till' i'.i\.' l.i'liiw till' inii-i|iii' till till' n|'|>iisilii
.s|'l<' I'l' llli' tll".ii{l|i' ail' t\Mi lal'U'' I Inllllin, ulll'll' lll'll
ili'|iii-lh il till' l.iiilii'- 111' , I, null aiiii 1.1. ill. TliiTi' urn
.il-n ill till- inii.-<i|ili' (111' Siiii'ii|>lia;'i nl .liirnli ami l.rali.
A rami|'\ III till' 11 nl II' 111' lln' liiii-<|iii' li.mi;- nvir tlm
I'.iM' III Mar|i|>i'lali, ami lli|niii,|i a li<>|i' in tin IIihiI' a
l;ini|i i> lit 'l"\tii ulii'li \t k' I'l I'l t|Hti ally liuiiillij,'.
N'l .'III' Ih .iilnillliil I'l lln .11 Inal i aM' In lii».'
' Tiir "'riir.'li .1 111 Ill-Ill," nil i'««iiy ..ii Ilii- iiiitlii utility "f tin'
ii.iiii'- .'I' Al'tiiliiiiii. I..II1I, mill .1.11 'I', I'l tl'i' lriiriii<l Ml. i><>ii ' t'
.llli r iirlliiy. ^!r\^\• \\ •liit'", i.n Ilir li •imi' nv nl .\l'ii U'riiiruli,
a <ir|.i'iii|jil.l' »iiiii«H, uli . 1(1111,1 il " It "il. Mill li> till' A Ilmiii'
..r liiil iM.ili nil'' I Wli'iilli. \iii;i'l liiilirii I iiinili' nil' tiikn lliu
iiiK'liiriiiil II i;lii In ,lrni>:il III. m |ii--iil <\<T tlu I'liili nf
A'.i iliiiiii, iiiiil III' Mill, ' 111 iiiiiil. mil III llli' II (iruyiT Willi twii
i:ri..ilti'Xi..iiii, l.'i' lll'll' .« till- iM'). Ill' III' "I' tli\ liitlirr .Miruliiun,
I 1" II U|i |ijii'-i.'l It. I III' I. '-Ill, mill III' %iiil, ' llfMi'liil, tnr lli'rr wu
Imrii III)' liri'tlu'i' Jmiiii,' 'llivii Ml! rniiii' In Jcriiiili ii. '
iMi.\i;;i.\M> "I 11 nil im ^'.
I i
I 'M
TliiTi' in Ik li';{riiil tliiit It ilfiti-i'iit mill llii* I'livf wiii»|i|
III' I'litiil. Kill' a ri'i'l.iiii Si'iil I hii ir Kliiilii'l'. u \>ii><l-*
Mu'uiillilillll. IiiinIii^' Imtm llitlti'il liy Alil'iilrilil ti Mir
(luwii, l<i~t IiIh i'\r li^lil iIii'iiiikIi Inn Irimrily Tin-
l.nl in. tll.ll Wllllin lllfsf ffW yriiri il < .'lll'lnl iilll ■.!<
iiUi'iii|>tiiii; il uiMilil liiivi' liiil mil mily liis t'vi'H \<\n
llJH lll'llll. rill'I'l' IH'l' ItVll illlllll'lI'M' I'iIIiIh ill llll'lltUn.
MTV lilliirlll, lull llll V III!' rillllv lull III' W.lllT. Till'
iii'iiiili' H'l ijiiwii tiiilii'iii liy >>iiiiir kIi'|i'«. mill Mill >•'■■
llii'lii i>iii'<t!ililU riiinin;{ ii|i ;iiii| Uniliu' lio^vii Willi ){iiiil'
Nkiii lii'ttli'ii 'III llii'ir links A liti'i;i' iii<MiiiMiriit
JH nliiiwii in-.ir till' liii/Jiiir IIS till' Tiiiiili III' Alimr.
.IiihI Iii-ViiIhI llll' lilii^>|il'', nil Ik I'iMliii; u'l'Millnl l-i tkii
Fiiiiiiliiiii "t S.irili, wlii'iii ■.In- wiihIii'iI llll' rj.iiliiH III'
Aliniliiiiii iiii'l Ihhih' 11 w'i'viri', ill tlniHf linn'-., liy im
iiK'uiu iiiiiiMial ill iIh* uiki'M III' gi'i'iil iiH'ii .11 I'Vi'ii
i|iii'i'ii)< -lliiw ^iHiil <i|i| i|.iy», wlii'ii i|iii'i'iii mill
|i|iliri'.HTs r iiiir iliiii II In I III' I'iviT "iilf In wiinIi llii'ir
iiwM ikii'l tlii'ir Iiii-'IiiiiiiIh' ^.tiiiiriiiH. Tliii eniiiitry nil
I'li'lMij |i|i">('lit.s lliii' l.iliilt 'ii|H"<, iiinl till' Infill i'< I'irlily
lulliMilfil ; liiil lii'voinl iiinl lilr ih.' \|.i.|i'mh ni>
ii'li^iMii->ly rlii>iiiK till' iiiii->i|Hi' III iM iliiys III" I 'III i^l'ii'is
- lllili' is littli' til III' Hi'i'll. So »f lllii'ilit mil I'ii'kIi
linfsi'H, mil iiialii' till' lirsl III. Ill r way lurk l.i .IitiisiIi'hi,
vvlii'i'r »r arilM' at a laic Ihnii'. Iia\ liii; -.liiiiii' I in llii'
II iili;,'lil III -IT till' <'iiiui'iit "I Mar Kli i... ii|.|i.i>ili' ti>
Nvllll'll Klijlll IrtI till' llll|inllt ..I lll> tM'llll'.l li.nlv ll>l k
nirk. 'I'lii'ir IS l.i'liiii I tins I iiiiiiiinl t'lniii mIihIi y hi
ran Mil till' Mi'ilili'ir.iiii' III mi 1 1 in' itiilr aii.| tin- 1 1. 'ail
Sra llll till' nllirr Ki'iiii till' I 'iiiiM'iil III Klii-. II li'w
jiai'i's lii'iiii^lil IIS til till' W'l'll iii'iii' t.i ulin II till- .Mii!{i
wi'it' ri'|iiisiii;; ulii'ii llin .Slai' nl lli'tlili'lii'tii a|i|M'ii'i'i| tn
tlii'iii. \N r iii'i'ivi"! ill ■li'i'iisali'iii till' saiiii' iiii;lil,
l|:l\ illX lkl'i'.llll|ll|s|lr.| III IIii'IIKmI Kltisllkl'l iI'S llialllll'r Ik
jmiiiii'V wliii'li is MTy iiiiiisiial liir tin' U'lirraily slnw
|i,i. iii){ |iil;;iiiiis wli.i Msit till- lliily l.'ity.
X.— Tt) .i<ii;i» \N' ANi> IK \A/\i;i;iii
'I'lIK liilu'l'iiiis I'm' .Imilaii. ill a iiiiiin'i..ii> ami
limllry liainl nriiiaiiy llim|s,iiii|s .if nil natimi^. Ii.i\iii.j
sl.ii'li-.| I'liiiii ."s| Sli'|ilnii's yali' hmt iIi.' .Mmiiil .if
I HiM's tlii'mi'.;li I'irlliaiiy, laily mi tlir |iii'\ Inis ilav,
« illi all r-rmi ..I' -.nliliiT^ iilnlii' lln' r..iiiiiialnl nl' tin'
111. Mill. Il', Wi' |i-.i|mi| liy iinalis III iijays, |iii\ i.m^iy
II raii;;i'i| In t'nljiiu llii'iii this mm iiiii;; ami, i-'iiil raiy In
llll' Usual rmi|-si' nf travi'lli'i'x. In taki'llin I'.hivi'IiI nl
St. Salia mi mii' way ; as niir |iiii'|hi-,i' was imt t.i ri'liirii
li),'aiil t" ■li'I'ilsiili'lii, lull I.I |i|'ni' I iiiiwaiil rrnlll (In-
J'.l'ilmi In .\ii/ari'tli, ami mi li.iiiii'Uaiils t.i tin' sna
rniiHt. So WI' nilili' I lilt of till' Ximi < iati' ami i|n.\ n llin
stri'|i \Miy tn till' 1 1, ill. nil .if till' liill, w lii'ini'. tiiiniii^' In
till' liulil', wi' liilli'.l ai Kti ltn','i'l, m till' Wi'll ..f .l.ili.
al till' jiiiiclinii of till' N'alli'ys of llinmnii ami .lilm
slijipii it.llii' I ii'alily nia 1 1 rlil i'lii, |.|is.i xi.l liy ,|..,ij.lii|,,
of a Ininiinlmis nii'ili.|i '..• in ||||. rlnsi' of tin' lllili
of r//iiili, wlii'ii llll- |i'|.i'iisy ntr'ii'k liiiii (1 Kiiii;s,
\v., .'m ".lii~t as I'z/.la' w IS I'tili'i in;,; till' Triiii'li', tin-
lillll.llli^ Hinl I 'Illy stirtt'il asiiiiilri' ; ||||. Iii'iii llaslii'ij
llii'niii,'|i. mill llll' Naliii' niniiiniit tin- li'|ii'nsy riislii'il
ililo till' kiliu's lai'i' ; till* liill.s aniiiiiij li'll till' ulinrk,
ami a iiii'liim iai nf tlin ciitsli was loni.' |iri"<rrvi'il, in a
lai'^i' I'la^ini'iil of lln- riH'k, or laii.|s|i|i, wliirh, mllini;
iliiwii Irnlii llie wcHli'i'ii lull (of Ksil ('miiisrl). liliH'ki'iJ
ii|i till' i'..y il uar.li'iiH lict wi'i'ii lliiit lull ami llm Mount
of I MiM's, al llll' jiimli. Ill III llll' l\M. valli'i-. I.\ ijn'
s|iiiiiy of I'.ii l!.i(;i'i " Wi' ii.nv niaki- Ini llir lnil i,| tlic
Kiill'ili ralli.j li.aii Ms ili'i iir-s, ijir Wail i ii N.ir, or
PIVK DAYS AT JFUf^SALFM
»f
\ alli'V of llll' Slii'iini of Kin-- Ik womlrifiil >{"•■«''■ '''•''
li'inls iliiw'ii liy Ik li'iiu ilisM'i'iil tlirmi^li |ir(ri|iiiiiiw,
'M'i'liaiitjiiii; t k^. In till' riaiii of .liiirli.. \\'i< umki'll,
.■\.i' ahtii'). iinl liillir'ill way. t lii'(iii,'li lancluU riviin'»,
ami nlii'iMii.' unllii's. ami in twii Iniiii-s ami a lialf,
iM'fnri' till' siiii wait liHi lii^li ami -■ ..nliiin}. ii'inliril
til iiivi'iit <<( Saiit.i ,Siliii, I'm III i| ii|i liiijli ainniiK
till' links as II a |i..iliiiii inliji'il to tin' I'lillN- Mitli
••rAi'i's, l.isl|.i|i. wall-. I'liill'i II mill ilnmr in |ilrtliri'.si(lli'
'knik\, an i'IiiIliIiIiiI fmin-s )>.iii'i-oiii'.| liy monks. liV.r-
lian;;ilii; a ilalk aliyss. wlinsi' xnli'S aii' |.irlriil uilli
> ikM riis ami lirrmits ri IN Inwii in tin' irnks l.\ |iiiiiiN
liiimls m.w iintiiiaiiiul I nl liy ni^lil Ihi'iIn or tlin
vnlliiii' ami (In iiiuli-, i|iis ronMlit is niii' of ilir nioNt
ri'inarkalili' liK'.ilitii-s in llir Holy l.iiml. Tin' W'lliii'l'-
in"vs mill yiiiii I'oi'ks | ii m'IiI hii rxliani'iliiiary sri'iir
Irnlll till- rnliVl'lll tl'ir.irr lllllll'l' llll' tWii Hijlimi' Inwcn*.
'I'lii' l.iiililim.'s I'iw in ti'i'iiin-H ovi'i'|n|i|iinu' larli otlnT,
I In till' nioiiii'-ti'i'y aliiiM' iiri'rs.s is |iri iiiiltiil only
lliiniii^li H low iron ijnni . fi'oiii wliirli a liaski'l isli'lijown
ami llll' Hliaiiu'ir is li.niliil ii|i. 'I'n |iilt,'i'ims iIhi'i- Ih
aliiilsslon to ill' l.iNM'i Inwir ii|i Ik laiMrr ami tlil'iill|{ll
II Invt iloor to a lal'Ul' I'.Kini. wliiln, lor Ullrsl-. of ilisl int'-
lloli, II siii.illi'i' rlianilirl', ami . I'lilali'. |s iillnlli'ij ; liiit
In ikll Ik kinill.v ami ni'ViT liiilin^ lins|iiliilily is cxliiiili'il.
INTIKIOH Of CUNVim, »H» t^tk.
It is llll' lirlii'st I'niiM'lit if llir M"l> l.aml, ami -lainlii
in nri'ij nl llll' u i (.'"ariliii'-' wliii'li it i'ii.|n\s. U'o
SIIW till' I i ml In nf .''I. .Slll.l ami till' I. inn, wlii'ii' tin-
Iiinii- ami h is|iitalili' saint iisi'il to Iim'. ami in wlnrli,
ri'liirniiii,' Ian- m Viliim^', In' fmiml a limi liail taki'li
up liis .|iiai't<'r.s. 'I'mi lin-|.italili' In iliivi' liiiii out, tlio
lii'riiiil u'lvi' llll' Kin;.' nl Itiasls a rnrinr nf liix icll,
kinl iIvmIi llniial aii; I iiiii' aln I w nils wil li liis i.ti',inKf
laylirnllii'i'. II ix in- lir.akl'.i-li 'I lialnl-nlinlN . wi' st.irli'il
ili'wiililri'-li Inn-.'- rnr-lirnlm, .Inw ii aiinvrr ili'sii'inlinn
I'lMil. lliat sii'iiii'.l alimiKt In I'llsli i|n» Il In tin' iliTp ili"
iiis.'.imi of llll' l».a.| S.'ii. A' soon as wr Innl narlicil
111' iHitloin 111 mil' 'li'l' \ ill'\. aimllnr still i|iT|s'r
mil Icil— iiaki'.l ami lal. im .1 rniks a Iniriil ii|i
-ml all imliir Ii'solatioli ' tin- wlioli' laliiU'a|i«
lii'ars tlie ariiii iki*|ii'rl ol" mi iiniiii'iise I'.iiiviiUinii ;
mil lii'liiw us, in till' lar linri/mi, sti'i'tcln's, like a iiiiiior,
'111' wan molinlilrss siiifni' nf lln' .\ri'illsi'.| ."siii, liiirieil
miniii;-! ilnaiy iiml silrnl imky lulls. A n irmw imiw
II llll' loiks fi'iil- ill :i pill. ail. ttlii'lni' a full vii'W of
111' l»i,'.nl Si'U fiiiiiifinl Innml is nlil iiin'il. Tin' .loiilmi
t>
.T.%^Q^
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
/
O
1.0
I.I
- lis IIIIIIP-
1.8
1.25 1.4 1.6
^
6"
►
V
<^
/i
'AJavJ
»L/
Science!
Corpomtkm
J
\
>V
•sj
:\
\
tv
?3 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 872-4503
1»"^-
o^
O^
60
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
:|i
streams along, from tlio di.stanrp in n loiijr, apparpiitly
iiiirrow, line of trrfcn, Hlicreajlaljiiit issiiiidy and liarc,
except whrro tlic barley harvest of tlie plains of Jeru-
salem ig being ijatlieivd in — for we liavo ari'ived just at
the same season as the Israelites, in •• barley harvest;"
(Joshua, iv., I!),) tiioii;;h the river no loni;er overllows
all its banks, for the venerable trees and thick bushes
in th(! ui)per of the three terraees, throu;;!! which it
Hows at this .s|)ot, show that, for a Ion;,' time, tlio
river has not filled that part of its own channel, as a
current. We now stand betwein the .Mountains ot
Moab and the mountain ran;j;es of Palestine. Judca,
anil Ejihraim; the "hills about Jerusaleiu." down
which \\v have Just come, ri-in;,' majestiially from
between. J.'richo may be s •en clcirly below, on oiu'
left, with its wall of fa'_';,'ois ofiu'tus, anil its .stiag;;lini,'
white hou.M's, iu a dark ;;i een oasi.s. made bv the waters
of the Aiu Hajld, (identilied bv liobinson with lictli
Hoylah), the Wadi-kelt orlirook Cherith (or the Cleft)
and the Ain-es-Suliaii, or Konntain oi Klisha. where the
prophet, out of comjiassion, made the bitter waters j
sweet (2 Kings, ii., lU). This foinitain rises on a tell I
or mamelon, or mound, such as abound in Palestine, '
near large cities.and have appMrcutly. in some eases, iieen
raised originally for ilelensive purposes, butare in others,
as is well known. luere heajs ot' ruin. They are not,
however, always artificial, but mounds of rock, and, as in
the Ilauran, even extinct volcinoes. The Witer is
trans))iirent. sweet, cool and ;iliundant, having in it
small fish — a very rare thingin this country, e.«j)ecially so
near the Dead Sc.i. In its ueii^hboui h 1 grows a tree,
beaiini,' fruit, that looks like an apricot, iicautiful to the
eye, but nauseous toihe tii.ste, and .said to be poisonous —
in fiict, the '• bitter apples." Hereabotits must have Iniii
the old city of Jericho; the modem viihige of Kididi. or
liiha, is but a collection of poor (UvclliiiLrs llereabout.s,
also, must surely have stood the "City ol I'alin trees," —
the key to Juihea ; for here, by the meeting wateis of Kli-
.slia's FountaU] and the olhei- streams, arc woodv thickets
iinil j)atclies of (i.ru iiiid melons, that still wear the jilea-
sant semblance ot i/iinlens Irom where we are staiaiiugj
although much oft e spot is thorny .shrubs, where the
wild boiir hav'ts 1 the lii i Jndah might even now
find a fitting lair 'i'herc is an ancient .siiuari lower,
the rest of the castle is in ruins ; we .shall be
down there speedily to refresh our hoises ajiil seek
a night's shelter for ouisches. TIr Joiilan I'ises far
north ill snowy lleriNou, flows through the high lake
Meroiii, and running down uOU feet, pa.s.ses, next, right
NABLOUS, THE ANCIENT Sll CHEM.
tlinnigh the Sea of Tiberias, and out of it, with nn-
associating waters; then, comes out to lo.se itself— after
.a coin-se of sixty miles — the hitter part throuyh I wcutv-
seveii rapidsand a lidl of l.tKMi feet— in the head .-^i-ii,
which alisorbs it for ever into its wilheiiug bosoi" 'lliat
dreary lake lies fifteen hundred Icet below the level
of the Mediterranean Sc:i, iiiiil at the northern end is
1311(1, at the southern only thiitcen feet below tho
surface ; the shallow pait of tlie Sea being fifteen miles
ill length, and .said to co\er the Plain of .-oilom and
the submerged cities. At this end, the soiillieiu and
farthest from our sight, is a rid^i^ of rock silt, but a
parly of the artist<. who came with us, have ,>t;ii ted to
uiaki! [ihotogniplisof Sodom and (loniorrali, cities which
it is now argued vere not submerged but .Ictroyed by
lire. .\L lie Saulcy says ho found them; .M. Van der
Velde has disp.it ■(! this fiict ; but, iiovertlieles.4, it
is by no uii.'aus impr.ibable, and we believe the photo-
graphs ,ire uo,v 111 Kiiglaiid. For our.selvcs uc could
not make tin; ruins, ioit we may have been too liuriied,
and, not impossiliiy, off tli ■ rigiit track. To return to
Jericlu). T'hciv was, yeirsago, one veuer.i ih^ p.diil
treo, near that old squaro tower, Imt like other nujided
•^^**fC^
iXk
^an^E:^-:
^-^. --E?.-." -"5^
'%' ^'^^?%>^^^ ^S£ii^. ' S^n^
J^f . ( ^■'"^?S:v^«i^f^o-v.
1HL JOflDAN LtAVINS IHk &fcA U( lltitHIAS.
8E1HEL,
11:
.■^l
Tfwiyr w*. ' " <' » M v^^ '^m
FIVE DAYS AT JERUSALEM.
61
MOUNT TABUR
palm trons of tli« Holy Laiiil. tii.it ono lias g.)ii(>, tlio
last of tliat " foiost of piliii tri'L's," tor which tiii> loca-
lity was (listiiiijiiishoil Wu must not altoiii'tlici- ili's-
pis(! thosii thoi'ii hiishivs — oiii' df th"m is the Ziikksiii.
aiul boars i nut, from whicli a li(iuiil balsiiii i-
inacle by the monks and S' .lin-s — the, famous ' liilio
of (rilcad." Thu vjsta of twelvo miles that lies o|icii-
ed befoi-o US in the spn-ail of the valley of Jonlan,
just lieic, is the locility r>f extrionlinary scenes.
Fro u Pisgali, in tin; niouiitaiiis. and more clcirly
visihle on the other sidi' (but no ono knowctli
where Pisijih is), Mos(m lookeil down on the I'roniised
Land and saw this |>lain and this v;illey, then
fortilo as tho vallov of the Nile. Here, on the
sjiot where tho ])ili;rims are about to ciitcr, the
Jordan rolled back Iwi lay miles. Tho river had
dried up Ir m north to south (Josh, iii , 10), and the
luwt of Israel came out of tho doop ohannid, (here eight
foot deep), and jiitohed their tents in ino dosort
])lain.s. They had seen Jorioho from iilgal, ^wliore
l>ilgrims .■^till carry their childron yearly to bo cir-
cumcised), al)oiit live miles from the ea>t< in bank,
TIBEHUS.
on the skirt of the forest, a va^t lirovo of majestic
Jialnis, about three miles broad and eiirht miles loiif^,
Above the trees <ould he seen Jciichu, " lii;.;h and
fonced up to lieaM'ii ;" behind it, the white limestuiu'
mountains of Jmlea, in which the .^pies had taken
refiie;e ; just as the hermits did in the nftcr Christian
pe"iod, wlion they hewed nut ceils in that hill, now
called the '• QuMraulaiiia." \. hicli they ri'^ardi'd as the
>ecneiif till! "iMU-ty d,i_\> l'a>lof tlie'l emptalion."' Down
that |>;i<s from Jerltho went Hlijah and Klislia to tl.o
Jordan lianks, and smote the waters and divided them,
the .sons of the prophets standinijon ilie terraces to see
till! great prophet ascend. These palm groves, now no
more, were given by Antony to L'leepatra as a love-
git'l ; and HoiimI the (Jreat firmed tliiiii foi- liei,
and at'terwards lioiight them tor liim.--elf and built
here :i sumptuous palace, and died heie, stricken,
in his piiile. Our 1-ord pa>M'il through hero on his
last jiiurney to .reriwalem, and, along tlio load hy
which grew the Sycamore Tree ( [,uke, .\i\. I), went up
iiiti. the wild drcirv nioiiniaiiis, ,iiid so iip> tlif? long
ascent tow.ii'ds the t'ity, pa^t the old kli.in or inn th.it
now marka the locality of the I'aruble of the Uood
„->«"■' ■- ■ -;«?• ■ ■~.S3i£i4>J3SISSI''-p-^»i ■ ■ »«*<.,,
^ -'''ijs*ii^€:^t.:M
MOUNTS EBAL AND GERI2IM.
■ f
.^siiL
62
ALL ROUND THE WORLD,
T- inaritiiii (iiii Kiij;1isli tciivcllcr wms i-nlilicd and iiiur-
(Icri'il tl]i'i-c ill li'<-<l|. iiiul SI) til 'lie t'liciiilly Inmsi' uf
Luziinis iit liilliiiiiy.
Ni^lit tiills, anil wf III ik i'm- ami olitain u kiml Imlg
iiij; IViiiM tilt' ('a|it,iin of t!ic i;iiMril in tlii' old tiiwur.
lliTi'Wi' snatch a tew limiis' rijiusf, wliicli early is
lii'iikcii, in tliitdi'ail wast i' a in I iniildli'iil' tliriii^ht, iiiTatlii'i'
aliout tliri'L' o'clork in tlu' innriiin;;. Uy Imnl slmuts fVuiii
till' iii'ii^lilioiirini; caiiip. Lights an' (lashing ahimt and
driiins licati'ii. and tlii'ii ciiiiii', in a luiiglini', — all carry-
iiiglilazing tiii'i-'hfs uf the tiirjiciiliin', — the |>ilgi'iiiis wIid
iinw advaiKT towards the .fonlaii in soli'iiin siJeiH'c,
till' moon shining hriglitly aliovc thoir heads. Ik't'ori;
reaching th<i sliori", we pereeivo the white clitrs and
green tliickets on e.ieli hank, just where the (Irei.ks
and Armenians liatlie. wliieli they do rushing he- d-
long, men, wonieii, and ehildreii, in one iiiiilistiiii;nislied
mass. The hanks are |iei|ieiii|ii'iilar, and the stream
Mows strong ; and is ten feet ili'e|). ,iiid r.ither miiddy.
We are more used to rivers, and wi-ely prefer a lower
-|Mit, wliieh the Latin pilgrims use, ami wliieli our artist
lias sketehed (see p.ige 4'J), where the lieii-h on one
side is low. You will see fathers and mother.s, de-
liglileilly, hathing their ehildreii, th.it they may enjoy
till' advantages of a pili/riin ige without the toil. There is
little iioi.se and slioiitiiiu', though much haste and tuniiilt-
uousne.ss, hut at the .siiiiie time, no indeeorons eon
duct. The liath is delightful, and the intermixture of
the reeds, wild vine , and climliing plants, imparts
miR'li heauty of eontriuit. Copts, (ireeks, Ainienians,
Catholics, I'rotestants, from Aliyssinia, Kgypt. Asia,
Turkey, Greece, Malta, Italy, France, Spain, Austria,
I'oland, Prussia, Kussia, (treat IJiitaiu, America,
and all Christian lands ; even Cossacks from 'I'aitary,
and Xcgnies from Aliyssinia, weie tliroiigiiig along the
shores. The forest of thorns was .ill alive with them.
All lirought hack sonic uiemorial I'rom the banks — long
liranches of the .Jordan willow ; some even carry uway
trunks of trees, loaded on their a.s,se,s, horses and niulos,
as a store from which to cut out relics for jimtitalile ,sale
at a distance. All, on their return, were engaged in sing-
ing hymns, the eonfused ,souiid of which from so great
.1 iiniltilude, when liariiionised into one sonorous linm or
tiiiiii|ict murniur liy theellect ofdistanco. had a surpris-
ing ert'eet. At the camp are a large hody 'f 'J'urkish
pilgrims, it is the time of their Moslem pilgrimage
lo N'ehi.Monssiin, the siijiposcd tomh of Moses, which
lies in the vicinity : matters hciiig so politi'ally arranged
that, to guard against the capture of the Holy City
liy Christian pilgrims ninstered every yeai at I'ilster,
a similar pilgrimage ol Turks is convoked for the same
time; and Nehi-.Moiissim, or the 'I'onili of Moses, a
small hillock near Jericho, is one of their important
shrines,' |
A short distance aliove the Dead Sea the .Jordan is ,
40 yanks wide, and 1:! tcet deep ; then •)0 yards wide,
and 1 I feet deep ; then NO yards wide, and 7 feet deep;
and, finally, ItlO yai-ds wide ami only ."> feet deep at
ihcliar, liy its entrance. We pnived the luioyaiicy of the
Dead Sen hy attempting to sink in it, hut tbund the
' Villi Ki.'iiiiiiit sjH'iiks 111 tliis tcMiili US (if a mill, rii Miiii^iihiiiin
Saint, lint tlii'|)ii'lix i<( Se\n (rreplu'l) to .Mcuism (Moses), Ciiiioii
Stiiiili'v riiiiiirks, is iii'urlv I'lnicliisiM' in liivdiir uC its licii.n
ilitcniU'il liir tlie ltiivc of .Muses. Siirli is the i [i niiin also uf
.li'liil-cdiliii Siliwiiiiz ili'sirilii's II Ki'lior Mu.slii'li, or Musrs'
(Srave, MUiili nf Minus, wlicii il is wrll liniiwii, tin' Itiililii iiilils,
thnt till' si'|iiili-liri' of lliis liiily iiiiiii it east iif llu' .liinlun (l)ciil.
xxxiv., (i).
water very buoyant, and, at the sunie time, extremely
bitter, and far salter than that of the ocean. ! t acts like
alum upon the tongue, smarts likccamphur when .-ipplied
to the I'yi'n, and stiti'ens the hair like cerate. Jler(!
are no lisli, nor did wc see any birds, and an nniiaturiil
gloom hangs over the sea and over the plain. One
analysis of the waier shows chloiide of sodium, ti :
of potassium, 1 ; of calcium, .'i. Aiiotlier siiys, diloride
of I'alciiim, 2,j ; of inagm'siiini, 10,4 ', of jiota.ssinni, li ;
of sodium, 0,j. The specific gravity is as ll'OO to
distilleil water at 1000 ; but this varies, ;is do also the
j amount of saline substances according to tlie time or
I place at which tlie water may be taken. We made tlie
; best of our way up the Valley of ihe Jon an, but fbuiid
the attempt to reach Jerusalem in that direction would
be fruitless ; so we at once ha.steiied back with the pil-
grims, now ill advanci — who iialted, liiiwi\er, at the
castle, — ilia long jiicturesque line towards Jeru.saleiii.
This, liy taking up again the relay of horses wc liad left
at .Mar Saba, we were enaliled to do before the evening
fell.
Next morning, at day-break, we started on the usual
route out of the Damascus (bite to Nabliis, and soon
cleared the hills and rucks that skirt the city, and entered
on the riairi of .Iczrccl, or Ksdraelon, Kl liireli, or the
Well, the ancient liecroth, is the first halting place of
caravans on tliis route. One day a band of pious ]iilgrims
were returning to Nazareth, after otl'cii''^' their bumble
sacrifices at the 'J'eiii]ile. On their reaching this
fbuntain, when the scattered caravan joined u|> to halt,
a mother and her husband perceived with great tei ror
that their only child was not with them. J)evoured
with anxiety, they retraced their steps i 'Wards Jeru-
.saleiii, iiii|uiriiig everywhere on the way for their little
son. and loiind him in the Jloly City, in the Tcniiile,
in the midst of the doctors or teachers of the law. A
little chapel was built licie to coiumenioratc the \' irgin's
anxiety, 'i'lic path winds through an iiiievi'ii valley,
covered with bare spots of rock. A little to the east
are some blocks of stone, recording how Jacob had bis
ilreain on this spot. 'ibis is all that rcniain of
Bethel, leaving it just what it was when the wanderer
" who went out from Heerslicba " sle|)t on the brown
bare rocks, and tlie beaten thoriiughtiire, and erected the
stone which had been his pillow, in iiieiiiorial of his
dn 1111. ]n the valley below was the " Oak of Tears,"
ill r where Deliorah, the iiui'se of Jacob, wa.s buried
((ieii., XXXV., O-M). Yet here, at I.uz, as it was
then called,- was the place of council — the Wit
teiiagemote — of tile old Canaaiiites. This jilace small
as it was. held out against Ijciijamin, until the .strong
family of Jiise|ili captured it by storm, and made it their
own (Judges, i., '2'2'2ii}. The Jews then a.sscmbled liere
in the llou.se of (iod. lieth-el. Next. Jeroboam built a
Teni|>le, which Josiah destroyed; the old Canaanitish
relish tiir idols hovered over thespot ; and Jeroboam him-
self, while in this Temple, liy the altar which stood before
the (bildeii Calf, was confoiiiidcd by the terrible deliuii-
ciation of the Man of Cod from Judali(l Kings, xiii., 1).
Thence it was calh'd Uelhaneii, the House of Idols,
which Josiah destroyed, with all its groves, and Aliaz
and llo.sea jironounced their emphatic curses u])on the
spot. It now bears tlie mark of their iiucoinplishiiieut.
Till' riiiiis at Bcitin nnd notln'l iiccnjiv tlip whole siirfin'i' of
till' liill|iiiinl mill cnvi'i' ii sjnu'e nf tline or liiiir acrrs. Tliry
I'liiisist of very iniiiiy roumliitions and liiilf iitiinilin^' uiills iif
cliuri'lu'ii, tiitvors, uiul otlh.'r laiililiii^is.
FIVE DATS AT JERUSALKM.
M
The hilla of the main road from Jfirtwalem are pisseil,
and wo descend into a wi(l(> Htretchins; plain, full
of crowing wheat, or harli'v heinf; harvested, with
here and there an olive grove peeping from tiie midst
of the waving ma.vs. Beyond us, to the right, lies the
'jnowy brow of Mount Hermon. The crests of
Mounts Oeriziin and Ebal warn us of our a])proach
'o Nahlus, the ancient Sichem or Shechem. The Samari-
tans claim that it -tas here Melchise<lek met Alirahiim,
and that on Mount Gerizim, and not on Moriah, was
Isiuic offered in sacrifice by Abraham. We are in the
Vale of Shechem, a valley green with gniss, grey with
olives in the gardens sloping down on each side, with
fresh springs running in all directions. Here was the
first halting-place of Abraham, and lirre, at Aforiah, In;
built the first altar of t 3 Holy Laud. Here was the
first settleineii' of Jacob; the fii'st eajiital of the con-
quest; upon Mount Gcrisim wsa the blessing pronoanoed,
apou Mount Ebal the curse (Deuteronomy, xi., 29-30). '
There was a famous temple here, 241 feet from east
to west, and 255 feet from north to south. The stones
lire bevelled after the ancient, f shion. The temple was
destroyer! 130 years before Christ, but they persevere,
even to this very day, in "worshipping the Father"
on this very spot. The i)lace is a singular one ; tlu;
.streets are dark and vaulted, and the brooks rush
uncovered over tlieir pavements iu wet weather,
threatening to sweep aw.iy the passers by. The
houses have gardens, and thi^ mulberry, orange, pome-
gninate, and fruit trees, load the air with (h'licious
perfumes. Here are nightingales and hundreds of
other birds, an 1 the valley — foi- the city lies right
iicross between two j)rodigious masses of high nioun-
tiiius — is excessively picturesque. .Mount Kbal is on
the north, Gerizim on the south, ami tiie city
between. This was the locality of Abimelech's murder
of his brothers, 8echem was the government seat of old
(!aniian, an<l it was e.isy to get up an insurrection
there against the comjuerors. From Mount (Jerizim
Jolham addre-ssed his famous parable to the people
(Judges, ix., 7), and you can see that from his position
he would have time to escape before ho could bo
reached <m the overhanging mountiiin. It was on
Kbal an<l on Gerizim that .Mo.se.s, by the Lord's com-
mand, placed "the blessings and the curses" (Deu-
teronomy, xxvii., 4, 8 ; Jo.shiia, ' iii., ;j(), ,']J).
At the mouth of the valley we see, on oiu? side, the
white cupola of a Mu.sstilman Chapel — that is the
"Tomb of Jo.seph" — that is "the parcel of ground"
left to him by Jacob on his death-bed ((}en(wis, xlviii.,
22, as carried out in Joshua, xxiv., 32), A remarkable
point is noticeable in this will of Jacob's, as, according
to it, the distribution ot prop»>rty used to be regulated.
What he inherited, no man thought his own, but for
lili>, and therefore suffered it always to go in the
fair order of his generation ; but what ho h,id earned,
or himself obtained t)r tulded — " which I took out of
(he hand of the Amorite with my sword and my
bow" — that the patriarch considered himself entitled
' " 1 11 tlicir liuinblo syiin(?ogues, at the foot iif the inounta'.n," sii.vs
Canon Stanley, the iiinst pcilertaml juilieiims, aswoll as tin' most
pii'turesqiie writiT of all tlia travellers in the Hnly Ijaiul, " the
.><aiimritaii» still worship — the oldest ami the smallest sect in the
worlil, distiiitfiiisheil h\ their iiohle jiliysiognomy ami stately appcar-
rmee from all other Imiiiches of the House of Israel. In their
prostrations at the elevation of their revised eopy of the I'enta-
teiich, th?y throw themselves oil tlieir faces in the direction, not
of priest, or town, or any object within the building, but. obliquely,
to give as a special gift to his fiivntirite son ; the rest he
equitably distributed.^ On the other side are u few
broken stone.s, where was the well sunk by " our father
Jacob," "to give drink thi'i'eof to himself, his children,
and his catth'" (John iv. 12). " Jacob's WeU" is the
undisputed scene of Our Lord's conversation with the
Woman of Samaria. He halteil, as we and all travellers
do, at this well ; his di.sciples Wert up the city ; aiid
down the gorge, from it, came cho woman, as do all
women in the Kant, to the well to draw water. The
s,ame 7nountain, Gerizim, looked down upon that con-
versati.)n, and the same fields of waving corn sur-
rounded them ,is they t.dked.
Six miles from Shechem, along the valley, in a wide
basin, rises a steep hill, a jiosition une(|ualled for
.strength, beauty, and fertility. This is the hill of Samaria,
looking over the I'lain of Sharon, and the Mediterranean
Sea to the wi'st, and up the green Valley of Shechem,
to the Kast It was the capital of the Kings of Israel, and
■second only ti> .lerusalem. Here is a grand gothic ruin,
till! church of the beheading aiul grave of .St. John the
Ba])tist, and a second "Holy Sepulchre.' It is now a
mostpie, and carefully guanlecl by the jieople of Sebaste
(the modem appellation of the town). Then! is a broken
reserToir, wliioh thej tell as was the pool in which the
chariot of Aliab was washed, which had brought up the
dying king from the Talley of the Jordan after the fatal
fight of Rauioth-Oilead. (Stanley's Palettine.) (1 Kings,
xxii., 38.) The martyr has a tomb, and his memory is
revered; but of the proud Herod, of his palace and his
terraces, his sinnptuous halls, and his feasts and dances,
nothing rem.iius, but a few broken jjillars on the hill.
All nature smiles around, as she then smiled; groves of
trees, of corn and olives, rise iu the valley, and up the
hill sides; but the plough passes over the King's palace
every .season, and the peasimt who drives it knows not
the very name of Herod.
Over the mountains of Manasseh and into the
Plain of KsdiMchin, after a night's halt, we hast-
en, across Galilee, leaving 'L.uor, or the Mountain
towards the E.iatern summit of Mount tierizini ; in the far back
histories of the inyslerions ohi time, the actual presence ol God on
.M'luiit (ieiiziin is stated." An American traveller says, "The
hrotliei' of my host was p^rticilarly fond of talking aljout them.
He was very old and the most deformed man I ever saw, who lived
to a (jrciit age. He seemeil to think there were many Samaritans
in Kngland and America, and told me to tell them, wherever I
found them, thai they helieved in one (iod Omnipotent and
Kternal, llie live hooks of Moses, and a future Messiah, and the
day of tiie Messiah's coming to he near i>'. iiiind ; that they prac-
tised eircumeiiion ; went three times a-year up to .Mount (ierizim,
•the everlasting mountain,' to worship and oll'er saeriliee; and
once a-year pitched their tents and left their virgins alone on
the Mount for seven days, ex|Kcting that one of them should
conceive and hear a son, who should lie the Messiah; that they
allowed two wives, and, in case of barrenness, four; that the
women were not permitted to enter the synagogue, except once a
year, during fast, hut on no aceiaint were they siiU'ercd to
touch the saered scroll; and that, although the Jews and
Samaritans had dealings in the market-place, Ac, they hated each
otlier now, as mncli as their f ithers did hcfore them. I asked about
Jacob's Well: he said he knew the place, and that he knew
Our Saviour, or J.'sus Cliriit, as he tiimiliarly called him, very
well; he was .loseoh the ciuiK-nter's son, of Nazareth; hut that
ihe story which the Clnis'ians had ahout the woman at the well
was alia fiction ; that (Jlris lid not convert her, bu,. that, on
the eontraty, she langlutl ai. -im, anil even rclnsed to give him
water to drink."
' The eipleration of the tomb of Joseph at Shechem, the
stone set up l-.y J oslma at the same place to perpetuate the law
of Sine, and a description of the ruins on Mount Gcri/.im and
Mount Khal, are still desiderata.
■} ill
i\
m
1 '!
i'l
!:l
ei
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
of till! Traiislijjiiriition, jfreon to its ycry siininiit, nnd
towcriiif,' in the iirospcct like a doiiic, its if isolated
ill the iiKHiiit.iin niii^'c, on our ri;;ht. Ciiiiiiel, for
eighteen miles, is on onr left, stretching towards the
se:i. all verdiint to its top with groves and glades, like
T.ilior. (iillioaall hare, and little Hernioii, we liave left
behind. Wo dhw enter the Valley of Nazareth from
tlio liroader Valley of.lezreel, or Ksdraeloii. Nazivretli,
the dwelling place of I hir Lord, is Imilt on the steep
slope of a hill, as will lie seen from onr illnntration, and
flfti'eii gently-rounded green hills form a liariier round
the lieautifiil lields al)oiiiiding in liright tlowci's, fig
trees, ami hedged gardens, in the midst of which sits
Naaiieth like a rose, with the mountains for its leaves,
aeiordiiig to the poetic image of an olil topo^rajiher,
Qnaresmiiis. InnnmeraMe tiles of cattle and black
goats may he seen winding towards it, and under a
large pomegranate tret'. On the way towards Saphorah
(Sephorieh) the tra<litional residence of the Virgin's
parents, may bo seen a |>arty of women and girls, with
regnlir and delie i' features, dancing under a pome-
granale tree. Weai-e now at the very source and first
spring of Cliri-itianity. Here for thirty years resided
tiie Saviour of mankind : "The word was made flesh
and dwelt among us" At the north west end of tlie
town, we enciim|)ed by a well, whicli is called the
" Spring of the Annunciation,'" where, .says the early
Greek tradition, tlw Angol saluted Mary as she went
to it, as we see her countrywomen now coming with
their jars and their skins, to draw water. Dismounting
from onr horses, we |iidited to look at ''The Mount of
I'recipiialion" (l.nke, iv , 1), the brow of the liill on
the .slope of which the town is built. This is just above
the Maronite Convent, at tlie .south west corner of tlic
town, 'Jhewcnieii liere arevi ry ]irclty : nordidwe notice
that boldness in their looks which made a reverend
American jmt the ipicstion to himself over again that
riiilip once put to Nathaniel, 'Tan any p(«>d conio
out of Nawireth?"
The (Jhiirch of tlie Annunciation, within, is very
haiidsoine, and witlioiit is very strongly guarded.
We leave the Convent walls, and by a (light of steps
descend to an altar, witli a rece.ss cut in the solid rock,
but cased in marble, where tli<' Angel addressed the
Virgin ; under that is an inscription, " \'eibnni caro hie
factnniest:" "Here the word was made llcsli." A broken
column, hanging from its capital in the roof designates
the ]ilace where tiie Angel stood, lielow the altar is
the liouse of Josejih and IMary, — that cave, the kitchen,
keeping roomand bedroom. The Ilousethal niiracnloii'.ly
transjiorted itself from tliisspot to l.oretto, is said, here,
l-iliave iH'eii the other half of the lu^ly dwelling, (lose
by, however, t\w "Woikshopof Joseph" isleft us, though
in a very difl'erent style of architecture anil nialeiial ;
there isal.so, the little Synagogue whi"'(,'hiist, by read-
ing the book of Jsaiali, and applyini; the passages to
him.self, exasperated his towiisnieii to thrust him out of
their city. It may not he generally known. ]ieilia]i.s,
that Pope Sixtus V. Ii:id actually negotiated a treaty
with the Sublime I'orte, to jmrchase the Holy
Sepulchre, and convey it bodily to Itome, with the sur-
rounding shrines, so that Chri.steiidom might ]io.s.sess
tlu! actual sites of the Conception, IJirtli, and Jlurial ot
our Saviour.
We were strongly temjited to continue our tour,
and visit Cana, Nain. and Tiberias ; but an intimation
of the steamer's dei>arturt! drew us once more from the
Sacred Piust into the regions of the bu.sy present ; and
diverging to the left, from Naziiretli, we worked our
way on to Caitiii, and thence to Jali'a, where we re-
einbarked, thus concluding our seven day.s' journey
in the Holy Land, out of which we had spent
FivB Days at Jeritiale.m.
taThiaionc.
jBETHLEHEM.
:m
!
I::i
<fi:
SICILY AS IT IS.
I— IN AND ABOUT PALERMO.
The triuirijiliiil Piiti-mcc <<( (Jaribiilili iiitn Nii|
Imviiift rflciisc.l u.sJVom tlic rlmi'«c cif iittniilin;,' liis vie- (-.^i,. j,,;^^ \v1m> tkst'iiiat.Ml nil At!
toi'iKiis i-iirt'tT, w
hicii
<\\t
lllVC ilCCdllllUlIIK'l
The lovely liiiy is oiglit mill's broail. Ti> the west it is
cliist'd Ijy Mount Pi'llc^rino, wliciv (inco wiis llycnirii,
ici.is, who dill littli! clsr, broii^dit iiwav tin-
i the
v\v
N
icns, anil siilurfi
«!•<
It I'i
rriclcs to lisi
stoii mill ailniiri'.
Thi' KastiTU
hiNiilianil is NFimnt Catallano - — the ancient Solus
or Siilunlnni, anil at thi; toot of wliicli is a small
])ort, with a tort calliMl (Ja.-tulli ili Solanlo. Tho
Marina, the loveliest riile, walk, or ilrive in Kurojie,
opiMi to tho sea. anil fjuardeil only by a dwarf wall,
with flaj{ij!ed iiaveaiint tor ]ieilestrians, is a hroail road,
alon^' .\liiih. mi the other side, are the ]ialaces of the
nol .iity. Kven now. there is a proi'ession of carriages —
every one rides in i'ldermo— and a Imnd, whose ninsic
f'roinal)o\e floats softened over the sea. \\'e iiave very
little trouble in landin;,'. and as for the Custoni House
that used to bo .so vexatious, "we" and Oaribaldi,
nous iiVdHs (:/iiin;ie l(i(U ri/(i. Karewell, for a while at
liny rate, to olliiial extol! ion in >^ieily. We hasten to
the Vntoria Hotel, on the L'|i|ier .Marina, where we
" ;^reatly darin;^ dine;" and then, out to enjoy tlie
eveninj; franranee of the oran{,'e groves and the amphi-
theatro of lij^hts round the bay. and the bu.sy, bustling
siiMie of the Marine Promenade. 'J'he sweet silvery
bells chiuie out here for vespers — i^ieilian vespers!
It is oTily half a mile from liei'o to the Cliureh of San
Spirito, in a field by which took place that famous
on .so huge a scale,-' that set jieoplo
his landinj,' in Marsala and ilinnif; his progress across
Sicily to I'alern. >, we arc enalded to turn to that
i.slanil which is n.w likely to assume a very interesting
iiosition 111 Hurope:iii affairs, and I'oiMjplete our kiiow-
ledgo of its pre.sent condition and the ]iros|iects of its
possible future, by a tour coiiipletely round and across
it. This is no very ditlicult task apparently, for the
whole island is only •'iiio miles in cin umfereiice, L'Jit
miles in hngth, and l.'iO miles in lireadth ; but there
are ,W0 cities, altliouj,'li there are only two post roads
and one stage-coach ! Palermo is reached in the
steam boat from Na|ilcs in sixteen hours. This ancient
City' stands on the margin of its bfautiful bay. in a
wide rich valley, backed by an extensive plain, and sur-
rounded by a grand amphithealieof iiioiinta ns. verdant
to tlieir sumiuits,aiiilof a varied and pictures lue outline.
It looks down smiling upon dark blue waves, while
around it the palm, the orani;e tree, the tig, the olive
and the vine, cheered by the brightest sun and re-
freshed by cool breezes, shed lorth their vcidure, and
fringe tho shell of gold, — tho Conea d'Oro, — tor .so the
plain is called — that contains " i'alermo the Jieautiful,"
a.s if within a ♦ramo. The town has an eastern appear- a.ssassination
aiico ; white and sipiare houses with flat roofs. Wo
could fancy tho Saracens were again in possession of the
place, and that the gongs .sounding so loudly wore secoiiil stnry in the lliiili Street, he saw a imlty mm ttml fell in
intended to call tho .Moslems to their prayers.- Icive wiili licr. l.nw liiii;;lis at lncksinillis so tlu' imii g'lt mit of
her winditw at iii^lit, anil wasf just stt-jipiiii; oil' tlie r')|n.'-liiililt'r
I iiitiitlie arms Dt'lierlnviT.wlu'ii a tViiir, n'turiuii;;liiti' to liisconVL-iit,
discoviT.'il her, i'lic pnwiT nl' till' ('liarcli iii tlmsi' ilays (it was in
till' same year that KL;l»'rl Wiiscriivvnel Kin;; of lin^laml,) wimr.ot
to I'l' Iritli'd with even In Ity/.antine lienerals; so KiiplieiiilUH Wiis
sciitenceil to lie |Io^'l,m1 tlinin^'li the streets, tin' linn lieiii;; coin-
pelled to stiUiil at lier (,'r.iliii); anil witness tlie ili ^^railiition ot lier
lover, lint liy tlie aiil of some of liis lillmv ntlii'irs, lie veiitureil
upon a most lia/.inlons cseiipe. Tlie keep, r of liis |irisou wsu
poisiiieil lielbie iiiiilni^lit anil the keys olitaliieil; he tlieii swum
lint into the liay, where lie renmiiieil lloiitinu', until a lishing hoal
took him up, ami for a heavy hrilie pill him on hoard a vessel
hound for .M'riea. Once there In.' initti^'iited the Miiliauimeiluns
to an easy eonijiiest of Sicily ; iinil they ruled the Island with
ri^'onr lor u|)warils of two hundred years, eiiriehiii); it» cities with
L'racelul patiees.
'It w :,s here, on Kiisler Tnesil.iy, March HOtli, 1382, ahimt
half a mile from the eiiy at iheChiireh of San Spirito, that, when
a ^reiit eoneoiirse of the citizens hail taken jihiee, ostensihly for
the purpose of alteiiiliiii; \eHpers, a party of French soldiers,
to the numlu'rof two hnndreii, under sus)iicioii of the people weariiij;
arms, hetiiin to 'Jcaii-li for tlieiii, mid one insolent young otfieer,
nulled Droll, tic, slipped up 10 a very liauilsimie youn^; niarrietl
hilly who was wiiUini; siirroniided hy her friends, under pre-
I The origin of I'alerno is lost in tho night of aiitiipiity.
Tliueydiiles says it was iirig iiiilly .i I'liu'iiieiia city, which piisseil
under the Greeks, and eventually Ciirthiiginians, the principal
seat of whoso dominions it was. i'lventniilly the Itomiins won ir.
During tho iloi'line of the einpirc, it was overrun hy the liarhariims
and (ioths, until, hy the valour of lU'lisnriiis, it was restored
awhile to the Hy/aiiliiic Kuiperor. 'I'lien llio Saracens tool; it,
thou the Normans, then the Kreiieh, then tli. Spanish. .At one
time there were throe codes of I.aw ; the Nonnans had the Custom
ofNoruinndy. the Saracens the Koran, and ihe liricks and the
Sicilians the Koniaii Law. Six I.aiigiia;:cs were s|iolu'n at the
same time; I'Vonch, (iermnii, Italian, (iieek, Latin, and .Ar.ihie
'I'lie city, like tin CDUiitry, has heen I'lia'iiician, (in ik, lioinan.
(lotliie, By/aiitiiie, Norman, French, .Spanish, SarihniMii. and
Neapolitan, and prosorves traces of each one in its huildings, as
well as the language, niaiiiiers, haliits, and appeaiaiice of its
iuhalntants.
' Hut low did the Saracens riiine here? Thix fipinixa fiirli.
'Iliero was a woman at the hi loiii of it. (iotin. Vandals and
Kyzanlines followed the Komaiis, and it liii|i]ii'iicil that at one of
the gratings, justsuch i\9 we now see apairof iiright eyes and apale
I'nce ui.der a white mUBlin veil looking down from the balconied ' tunce of iiearchiiig for a weapon, rudely thrust bis band into bor
Ui
I
5' i!
ilili
ALL ROUND THB WORLD.
thinking tlmt it waH not nlwBVM ncrcssiiry to niiliiro
opprossic.ii, and that a piMipli' wlicii ri'suluti! witi* I'ljiial
to liny ili.M'iplint'il forco with a bad caiisi' '
hnMini. 'I'lio IikI.v fiiinteil in licr hiiKliiind'n nini», win), furiniis n itii
niH'i »tnu'k iil Dnmi'lte, crying " l>i'ntli to tin' Krencii !" " IViitli
111 Iho Kicncli '■" ei'lii)0(l the crowd, hidI iirmcil with knivcH iukI
cIiiIm tliev tell ilcsiH'nitely npnn the luKlicm and killed them to »
num. Intlinned with nge and IiIcmhI. the niiih then hurried li> the
city, where thoy hroke into the conviMits niid killed every French
monk they conid tnico. A horrihle hulchery followeil — nut even
the altjirs iillorded reliiK*— men, wonu'n, ninl children were idilio
NieriHced to the nntional hnle. The I'rencli were hunted to
their homes everywhere, iind nnmhTcd without mercy. Ki(;lit
tliouBand Cell miscrnbly murdered in this ini)wtnH of fury,
which Ion); rcpresiied, now sn<ldcnly anil iiwliilly hurst forth.
In the universiil miisaacre n single Individ md was saved, William
of I'orceletta, the governor of a small town, lie had BtiHxl
aliKif from the tyrannies and insolence of his countrymen,
and had nnide himself belovc<l. The Sicilians, who, thron|;li-
ont the country, had risen on the tollin); of the ves|H'r hell of
ISiin .Spiiilo, refrained from injurniR his ahisle, and honouruhly
ciinducleil liiin on lx)ard one of his own vessels to I'rovence,
first conipellin); him, as it were, to receive tlie price of the pot-
se.isiona he left in Sicily. A rumarliiihle example of popular Justice
and the power of virtue.
This insurrection had 1>ecn carefully prepared lieforehaiid liy
John of I'rocida. " His hirth was humble," says (iibbon, " but his
education was learned, and, in the poverty of exile, hewiis relieved
by the practice of physic, which he had studied in tlic schiHil of
Salerno. Fortune had left him nothing to lose except life, and to
despise life is the Hrst ipndiflcatiou of a rebel. The island wns
roused to a sense of freedom liy his eliii|Uence. iinil he displayed
to every baron !iis private interest in the connimn cause. In the
conliilence ot foreign aid, he successively visited the courts of the
Greek Km|H'ror, and of I'etcr, Kin);of ArraL'oii, who |H>ssessed the
mnrilinie countries of Valentia and Catalonia. To tiie ambitious
I'eter a crown was presented which he iiiinht justly claim by his
nnin'ia);c with the daughter of the sister" (C'onstantia, the
daughter.) "of Manfred" (the last of the Nnruian Kinjjs), " and,
liy the dyiii); voice of Conradinii," (tlic yoiinjt grandson of the
Eni|ieriir Frederick's son, ruthlessly slain by Charles of Anjou),
** who, from the scatlbid, had cast a ring to his heir and avenger.
I'aleologus was easily |iersuadeil to divert liis enemy from a foreign
war by a icbellion at hnuie; and a (ireek subsidy of 25,(XX) iimices
of gold was most proHlably iniployed to arm a Catalan Heet,
which sailed inider a holy li:iinier to the specious attack of the
In the disguise of a monk or a beggar, the
revolt tlew from Constantino]ilu to
.iragossa; the treaty was signed with
cuselt the enemy of Charles ; and his
, liefs of St. I'eter from the house of
Anjou to that of .Arrngmi. So widely ditfused, and so freely cir-
culated, the secret was preserved for above two years with im-
penetrable discretion ; and each of tli'j conspirators imbibed the
maxim of I'eter " (of Anigon), " who dici.U'ed that he would cut
oil' his left hand if it were conscious of tlie intention of his right.
The mine was prepared with deep and dangerous artilice; but it
may be i|uestioiieil whether the instant of explosion at I'alenuo
were an elfort of accident ordesigii." The French were long taught
to reiiiemher this bloody lesson. " If I am provoked," .said Henry
the Fourth, " I will breakfast at .Milan and dine at Naples." i
" Vour Majesty," replied the S|ianish Ambassador, " may, ]ierhaivs,
ariive in Sicily for ves^wrs." t'harles tlircitened dreadl'ul revenge, i
but the Messinese,- who were (lie first attacked, defeated his !
army most ingloriously, and in the meantime Peter of Arragon i
had been sent for and arrived. Since that day. until the coining j
of a new .lohn of I'rocida in (larilialdi, the Spanish family hiive
reigned in Sicily, personally or by viceroy. The island having,
in 1713, only for a brief period passtni to the House of Savoy,
was by them exchanged with Carlos, son of I'hilip the Firth of
Spain, for the Island of Sanlinia In this manner the Spanish
lioiirhoii dynasty entered into Sicily.
' Hut how did the French come into .Sicily? A woman did
this also. At a festive entertainment, held in the French Court,
Heatricc, Counti ss of '^avoy, married to Charles of Anjou, brother
to Louis IX. (if France, was removed from the superior range of
seats occupied by her two younger sisters, the Queen (Kleanor)
of Kngland and the Queen of France. Mortified by Ibis humili-
ation, she returned to her apartment, exciteil by ill humour, and
dissolved in tears. On learning the cause of her chagrin and on
Sanicens of Africa,
indefiitigalile iniss
Itome. and friiiii &
the seal of I'ope N'
deed of uilt traiisfei ■
TlnTo urn tlio stniiiKP Sicilian noliijity in tlicir rar-
I'iaoi'H, with every tfuee of S|iaiiiMh IiIimhI, — |ii'iind, ju/y,
and |iiilite. Many a one nf tlieiii lialt' Ntiirvi'M liiniM'lt,
aini livi'.s ill a Imiiilih! Iial^in^ ii|i a iliity Imrk .street,
fur tlie sal<e of rnilin^; ii\i<\\<t jn that ele^rant ei^iiipa^'e
111! tlie Marina every evening. The Spiinisli veil is
nut yet iinciiniiniin with the wmrieii ; Imt the heM
ilres.ied ladies wear Paris lamnets and eloak.'i. All
tlie men are .sninkiin.', and the ^ay iinit'nriiis and
tlie liri;(lit eyes and the lajiid iiniiiiated I'nliver-
Hiitiiin, the Strang'!' Iilaek liaikin;; prie.stH, and the
jiale faeed niiiin peepin>{ I'roni their grated windows
in the iijiper .story, combine to t'cirm an extra-
iirdiiiiiry .scene. Tliere are :;0(l,O(MI inlmbitaiitN in
I'alornio, and it is a tolerably busy town. They are
about til have a I'ariiaineiit in it, and yon will hear of
.some stiiinj;e goings on before all is over, for the
Sicilians are famous in history for w inning their liberty,
and init kimwing Imw to ii,se it or to keej) it. They
have done tliis several times before : the last lime was
in ISl'i, when King Ferdinand, then a refugee from
Naples, conviiked his barons in a I'arliament, and im-
pri.soned theni for proti sting iigainst nn arbitrary tax.
Then Lord ■ William lienlinck landed troojis, and
tlireatened to depose the king, and dreiv fiom him a
constitution. But the Sicilians (|uarrelled amongst
themselves, flew ofl' into parties, and the king tricked
them out of the tonslitution, as u toy too cum-
bersome and troulilesonie for them to play
with. In 1847 tliey carried another revolution,
and they beat the soldiers in I'alermo, and they
ca]itured the citadel, and the Capuchins distributed
arms, and led them on, as they did tliis year. In
I (S.18 they defied the king, and Lord Minto interfered
in their behalf, lint they unwisely sent an ex)ie(iition to
Calabria, which tiiih'd ; and then the king threw them
all over, and bombimled the town and gained the
(hiy, and, as they tell us, imprisoned, flogged,
tortured, shot, and hung them, up to the coming of
Garibaldi. Wlietlier they will manage better nowa-
days is the (pie.stitin. Lluwever, all are enjoying the
jire.sent. Cnllant cavaliers da.sh ]iast, pedestrians press
alongfrom their evening walk in crowds. Jt isthelnmr
<if enjoyment. The children of the rich, dres.sed like
dolls — of the (loiir, dark-eyed, fine, and beautifully
graceftd, are all at play on this cool evening ; the
arti.san sits at his door ; the coflechouse loungers
occupy the pavement with their chairs ; ices and
refreshments are hiinded about — the bay is silvered
over with the moon ; I'ellegrino stands o\it likea giant
i;i the shade ; the sea lireeze Idows in fresh; and the
sung of the homeward fishermen comes over the
gleaming water.s. It was about midnight before we
could tear ourselves fnun the scene.
Palermo is a ]ileas!int and ea.sy jilace for travellers.
No .street directory is required ; there are only two
.streets besiih's the Marina, and these crossing at right
angles, divide it nece.s.sarily into four parts. Out of these
her saying she wiaild give her life to be able to confine her tressed
for one hour beneath a iliadeni, Clairles embraced her atlocl innately,
and added, " Set your heart ai re^t, Countess, for before long I
will make you a greater queci than eiiher of your sisters." So
he promised (.o her. He defeated Manrred, who died bravely
fighting, and caused Ciinrailino to lie executed, he himself and
Beatrice witnessing the bloody 8|K'ctacle. A similar jiromise is
said to have lieen made by the late Kmperor of liussia to his
Empress, when they were stopping liii;eiher in the vicinity of
Mount Ktmi, wl o promised his jMiipiess Sicily lor a summer
residence, after he had taken Constantinople,— which he did not.
Mjl
vw.*.- i* ■■■^'■m v-jMJirar?
'tWHB-
IllZV,
^iir;jM»-->i'----ll'm''-r-/*7'-
V's;i.5!;
i
I
I
SICILY AS YT la
60
THE CHAPEL OF ST. ROSALIA NEAR rALEKHO, IK SICILV.
grant streets (liclvc iiml sl()|io umitow ullcys and lain's,
ill which clotlii's, Imiig mit to lirv, miv luilicmush cdii-
s|pi('iiciiis. T1r'1\' is a tine St. tiilos' clriuciit about the
jirospwt, ill spite of the .■iri.'lics ainl archwavs, and llu^
(h'l'p lihio sky, and the lii'it;hl lihic sea, and I he ociMsional
jialiu tree. Tlic (irst j^rcat .street is called the ( 'assaro,
and was the Al Kasr or Street of I'alaces, also called
Via de Toledo, oC the Saraei'iis — it is a niih' loiii;.
The hou.se.s on <'ither .siih' are tail and stately, with
hold oorniees and projeetini; lialeonies ; the llowers
and .striped lilinds of the wimlows nive colour ami
cilect ; the fjround lloors are all sliops, of a second-
rate, couiitry-townshop-like description. The front
of each i.s nil arch ; ttu' proprietors live aliove ; hence
the lodij;ors Inive almost all the house. A circus
adonis the intersection of the streets; this is orna-
iiieiiteil with .statues of the Season.s, of sovereigns, and
of saints. The jjates of the city an? very handsonie,
with fountains aim inarhle columns. The .second street
is the Jfacipieda, which at the close opens out into
the luountaiiis, which .seem a,s if they were e.x.ictly at
the end, though in reality at lea.st three miles distant.
'?(!th streets arc lined with churches and convents
iiinumerahle, a small ]iiazza, part of the Cassaro,
rontains a very elaborate fountain, extremely hand-
some, but too complicated in its niachiuery ever to
throw u|i water. It is circular, and of white niarlde,
and glc.-.ms with statues of c.tcpiisite workmanship.
It has no business to be in a public street. It was
designed and executed for a |irivate garden, but was be -
Hueathod to the Senate, w)jo caused it to be erected here.
We now hire mules and start oil' 1 1 nee I joys have tired
iisout with asking us to do so. ()uroliject is to reach
Monte I'clli'griuo and the tJrotto of Santa Itosalia.'
1 riiis ^'Idiiciiis viii^iii, s;iys lli('li't:oii(l, wiuliDrn iit I'lilermo, in
1 i;iO, "I' ncililc pniircnitcirs, llic (li'scciuliiiitsof Cliiii'l"iinn;ne. K(i«-
c:ili'(l witli tluMitniiist rcliiiiMiii'iil (it tli« lu'riiid. .<lie lloil, at tlie age
el' twc Ivc, t'i'iim liur fiilluT'.s liim:-i' to tlie in'ii;lihiiii'nii,' iiHiiintiiias,
wlu'i'i' slic ]Ki,ss(,'il lii'r wliiilc time in mts iil' (Icviilioii ini'l pi'iinace.
.\1 li'iifTlli slit' ri'tiri'il to ii cavevii (in .\liiiilo I't'llci^riiKi, wlicri,'
she (lied, witliiml Ikt plsict' (tf rct'iijjji! liavin^ lieoii discovered.
Diiriiii.'- that tcn-ilile jilairne of \ti'l%, wlion all olliirts to .stay its
rav.tiicrt jirovcd iiu'lfcctiial, t!ie Siiint appt'.ired ill a dream to a
certain iiilial)itaiit of I'alorino, and disclost.'d to him the sjiot where
luT inorial icliis vet ri'iiiaincd iinliiiried, which were ivvereiilly
iTiithercd iiji and deposited in the custody of the Archhishop. Still
the pestilence refused to leaV(' I'aU'niio, until one day u certain
\'ineen/io lloneUi, a soa[)«niaker, wandering ahout the inoiintnin to
ile|)lore the loss of his lietter half, was encountered hy a lieautifiil
damsel, who said to him, " Come hither with me, Viiieeii/.i(>, and
I will show you my trrotto." Itonelli, all in a treiiihle. demanded
her name. '* I am Rosalia," replied the virijiii. " Thtiii why,"
asked the soap-maker, plucking; up cour.ij;e to address her. ''do
yon ahaiuloii yiair eouiitry to so many aillietions "r" " " Such has
lieen the will of Heaven," iiiteiTnpted the saint, "but I am now
sent to aiiiiounee to yon, that so soon as my body shall lie curried in
proeesaion 'hroii^U the city, the pestilence shall eeiise." She then
showed Honelli her place of ri/treat, advised him to eontide all
that he hud seen and heard t.i his confessor, and, moreover,
predicted that in four days he slaailil he with lior in Paradise.
Iloiielli, of couive, fullilled his niissiiai, and died himself liinr days
a("lcrw:irds in eorrolioration of it. Wcr lioneswere carried tlirou};h
the City, and the plague was stayed. In liohonr of thi.?, a yearly
festival takes place in Palermo, a mn(:niliceiil car is conducted
ahout, ;'.0,tK)0 wax lij;hts are lijjhted in the Cassaro, and a splendid
cx|iibilion of tireworks lakes place.
1!^
I tr
I
I
70
ALTi ROUND THE WORLD.
Mduto PcUcgrino lias licon coin]mn'(l tn tlin Rnck of
Giln'iiltar, aixi is about t!i« siiiriu liciglit — l,9G.'i I'ect
alidvo tli« lev(d oC tlie sea. It was an impregnate
stronghold iu the (Jarthaginian jieriod' The grotto of
the celol)rati'il cavern of Rosalia is extremely C'iriona.
Tla? clmpel is hewn in th(! roek, and contains a white
inarhle statue of the fiiir young saint of sixteen,
iirrayeil in gold and siver, jewels, Howers, and lamps,
that hang around ail niglr, mid day («'■« p. 69)- J he
nniiual festival is very gay. Ht. Itosalia parades in mi
immense ear, as high as the highest jialaees of the
Toledo or Cassaro It is splendidly iitt"d up with gold
and silver emliroidi ly ami painting, the hody heiiig
formed of a huge mount of orange-trees, corals, vas<'s
of (lowers, .md on tln^ top of nil is St. Rosalia herself
— a silver statue. 'I'here is a grand show of firework^
to close the scene.
Returning into Palermo, we observed the fruit e.\
posed for .side in the market. Pine cones, which are
eaten roasted, the jiroduce of a flat-topjHMl june; red-
cheeked apjih's; figs of the cactus, of which the seller
sti-ips the skill ollaiul hands them to you to swallow, and
delicious they are when you are once used to them;
ohesiiiits — the chesnuts of the sunny south, tine and
na'aiy ; drie(l tigs; teiiiler green lemons — the mo>t
chaniiing of fruit; ripe ormiges, nuts, and melons.
W'e.saw, too, what will .soon be the last lottery (for one of
(iaiil)ildi's first steps was to abolish this cheating
method of taxation), where, in a red balcony, in a great
house in the Piizza. standing where the incpiisitioii
lisecl to lie, a little child in white, with due ceremoniis,
— such as we ourselves used to have in (.juildhall about
thirty years ago, — drew the lucky ticket from the wheel,
and iimdi' one man happy with a few jiounds extra,
while he disa|ipoiiited a thousand other.s. What iin-
liort? the (ioNernmeiit raised ,£1(10,0(1(1 a year by it.
Till ic wa.'^ now no end of sight -.sei'ing, all within ea.sy
di;;tiiiice 'i'lie Com cut of St Maria di (jesu. at the foot
of a nionntain, buried in cy]ires,ses, round-to] ipcd pines,
olives,' oleanders, the vine, the date- bearing ]ialm, and
aloes iniinnieralile ; the aloe here being thick and
strong — a hard trunk of tlbres a foot round, and strong
eiioiigli for a beam. The ]iiith\vay behind this convent
goes up to ail ivy -clad hermitage, with a wide-spreading
yew tree ot giant size. Tiie view hence over the plain
of I'aleriiio, the sea, the buy, mid the City, to Mount
I'ellegriiio, which heaves up iis the back ground to the
picture, is .something never to bo forgotten for beauty
unil lirilliaiay.
Coming back, we p.iss the Church of San Spirito
siiridiiiided by a cluster of cypresses, the scene of the
Sicilian N'esper.s. There is the large CaniiKi, or biirying-
groiiiid of the < 'ity, and a convent, which cnjoj's a
vatilt'd burial ground, where the occupants are drieil
into luuuiiuies ; and there they are, in coffins with
' nt'ocuivsp till' CaHhiiciniiiiis nnd flic Roninns lind n bii(tl*'
licri'. It iiinii' iitl'iir. tilt' liiiiiks uC tlic rivi'i Oreti. now ii iiutl'
miiiiiitiiir. stream. Ilusdriihiil ciiiiie from ilie eustern pliiiii with »n
iiiiiiit'iiiiii ariiiv ol' eli'iiliiiiits, traiiioil lor war, on whose ti'ir'fin
nsprcl lio ri'I'n'd to sciiri' Iho Koiniui troops at the Hrst onset.
It'll Mareellns oiip()>ed eialt liy couiajre, mid told I. is soldiers to
all'eet feiir at the slow, desperate niareh of the l>eu8ts, and I'.. II
Imck. A» soon as a niiniber of the elephants had ei osseil the river,
and while others w. re crowding in and to the ford, a volley of
darts, dlscharpoil n]K)n them by the Roman*, threw tliein inio
confusion, and thev turned upon their leaders, and, truin|ilinj;
down the Carlhauinian ranks, threw their army into siieli conCu-
Bion that the ( Hi'thagiiiians lost 20.000 men.
' 'I'll! olive trues take lon^j to ^,'iow. The Saracens exempted
from ta.sation, diiriiii; thirty jears, tli08« who made ajilantation ol
glass ca.se8, in the very clothes they used to wear in life
— a well dre.s.sed skeleton in white kid gloves ; a soldier
in regiiueutals ; a child preserved with gl.tss eyes !
But we Iiave had our seven jieniiy worth of carriage
out (it co.sts you two tari, of about threepence half-iienny
each, fifty -.seven — there ought to be sixty — to a pound),
the fare in Palermo, for a carriage, — and it is time
we start(Ml to survey the curiosities of the town. Ono
oftliegreatestofthe.se would be, if we could collect
them togi^ther, its four thousand lawyers, or at the rate
of one attorney to every five hnndreil inhabitants, which,
allowing the usual set off of wives, women, and
children, would be about one per cent, for cverv
able-bodied man in the town ; deduct from this
a liber.d jier centage of noblemiMi, all the members
of whom lire forbidden, by their rank, to trade, deduct
also the clergy and the monks, and how few will be
left t'learn a living for themselves and the rest 1 Yet
all day long there are processions, and incense, and
prayers; every other day, aliuo.st, is a holiday, and
every third evening a " festa," with fireworks. We once
heard tell of a Stafrordshire working week as follows :
"Monday a holiday ; rnesday we go on an cx(atrsion ;
Wednesday we talk about it ; Thnrsday we go
to work ; Friday we get our wages ; Sattirday
wo all drink ; and Sunday we go to sleep." A
Sicilian week would l)e nearly the same, but that
the Saturday and Sunday wotild be bettt-r spent ; the
evening of both, however, being enlivened with ^'
dance, — ! ne night to celebrate the close of labour, ano
the other, after pniyers Milking the cows, jiruiiing the
vines, or crushing thegrafies and tending the silkworms, '
or ba.sking in the sunsliine, con.stitute tla; most of a
Sicilian | easant's labours, unless in the sulidiur district,
where he really woiks hard.
There are three hundred churches in Palermo, and
therefore we cannot .see them all. J-et us begin with
the (,'atlicdral <in the right hand of the large ojien
scpiare at the h<'ad of the city. Severe and simple iu
the exterior, with its stone burnt to a yellow by the
sun's heat, it is impossible tosay whetln r it be Sicilian,
Norman, (iothic, or Saracen in its constniition, but it
has all the characteristics of a noble Spanii-h Cathedral.
There is a grand Saraceiiie old door for fn lit entrance,
anil its inteiior contains nnmerous side ehajiels, each
em losed by marble bahi.strades and dedicati'd to special
sill. Its altar of liijiis lazuli is magniliceiit, and (Jagini,
the Sicilian Michael Angelo, has adorned it with
olive trees. Tlie olives fall in August, but then are green and
small; iliey swell and (innv greener, until quito black nnd ripj
in October. Then the olive plantations are crowded with men,
women, and iKiys harvesting the crop; the women aid chil-
dren |)iek up tlie fallen fruit ; the men clnnli up ladders, i-it on
tile trees, and shako down the olives into the sheets spread out
below. The olives are i rushed in a rude mill - very rude indeed,
and here there is much riHim tor iiubruvci^iui.L ,.iid w^iiul,
« Tn the month nf May thi women take the rpgs, wrap tlimi
in a line linen cloth, mid )i'nee it in I heir bins when they get i.p
in the morning. 'I lie chilling intliu'i;ce of the air is sedulously
avoided. When hatilieil the \oung worms are pluccd in a hiisUl
with the tendcrest mnlberiy leaves. 'I'hese are given fresh every
niglil, being merely laid on tin' wiirnis' back.*. When full-sized
the Hiiniis are fed no imae. I he wiinien take it out of the basket
and drawing it back see the silk piotrndingfrom its iiionlh; they
then place it on a dry tiav , « In lu (hey wiave their efK'Oons. 'I hey
are taken hence and baked in an oven or rousted in the hot iicxiii-
day sun. Then, in the inoiilb ot August, when the two crops of
silk are in— the second Ingiiis in June— tlie ctuoons are thrown
into a cauldron of boiling waier, which hMisens the silk, the loose
threads art dexterously caught and thrown uu a reel, and th«
silk is wouud uQ'.
T-*-^« ■"*»*;** W
!:i
'■^^m'
!'ll
I I 1 i '1
sici)-v ^h .') la
ii tihi' p't'iM' (•( 'ii..' R'-il ■fiui'i' , iii"s;iiiM f'i |«'i|ili\r\
ii'i'l \.-vn1i> niirifiilir I'l i.'lu'-ti i( • |i,i vi'ii'.frK, uihImiiuji:; till'
Ii- I I'l-Uii! S:iV -.l'!! ■•;! U .Mil' '■•'llf.HilillJ,' lilt' 1"-1'.' Ill'
Vi'i-.l'! "I-. B.irli.ir i>.'.i, 'i|ir 1 iti 17^1 I'V Imil.ai'.'iis
Ii iiiii-;, v> h'!, Ii, KiiipiTui-V ilrc's, i it' a _i; '!■■;"■■ "i-- Irij'!"
n.ln .■iiiliiM'.li ii"i •■villi j,'iiM .iiul ii:W = 'U, w^tsli i:iiil t ■ in'
-itU ill l■^ .■•'il.'iir i.ii'.si'i'vniinii. Iltin lif^ J'lM'^'rr iIm
iir-'i. K::ii,' ' tlliTi' tini, III.' llll! fW'ii t.'i'!l-,!:i!itillM. l^ili-i:)!
.till! I'iiii'.r ■?!. ;iiiil till' Nui-!n:iii K;iii,' If.-i.rv \ 1
' DM- .,>ii Willi. 1111 liii' I'liiHjih'r ir «:rs Tv>t 'hi' iiii'y kiiiu'Ii!
(iiUi ,11111 :• if till! .V'lriliiill rilci' ulliilt liic' I., mi' i'lTiml ii,^ In' .:'.■ \
.,.'. 1 j;: L'l iiiii. 11 flii.-! ill 'li'i vi'iir )"<'i't t.liiit Dro';;'!, ii X.-vn-, i
•■'ii I, ruin 11 pilLTimiiir" tii .Iitii>ii1ciii, l.inili'il will. ;il)iMit i'"rn i
.'i.)ll|i:ii !■ '1. ;il .■'liliTliij. Tim Kll"-i'i!ll.-. ut'arKi'ii till,' tiiM'i wiiilM
ill'? ',.; i!.i,,i ivtrr lli"ri', l)rna<i, « I'll hi-- ciiiii)«i!i"i:», put liim-
*<M' iit '.\.r t: ul I't'll.i' ]j. i)ilf, iiii'l ii-j.nl.'i' il 111.' iin'uil, r« i !ii-
'»'.il,,i •■I'Sui'imi liKvliii; wiuu'.sseil tilt' })r.'vvi.-j.H 'if ;li.' s'no.t,-! i-ri.
i.r-ssi .1 t!n.'!ii to t-eiiHiiii. Till' iiilj.'ri!iin <'Xi'ii--i'i! t!ii'iiisi.Ki'i. :\'_ i !i.
■ 1.111., I'lit ifi iiiiri'il til iT'iiri.. In till' h>!linv ii„' spring', lii-.i.-... ,
i'ii ;i I111..I, im_'iiientr-il U\ im nm.iil lUiini'iT ..t'ii.iit iihrii!.;.i r., 1
li!!ti;i('.l l.'s iiiiiiriiM', r.Mriii'l tr I'.ii;. -unl I'KtiT'.l mty ■].,
.'!>■:.■. i.r llii' Uukii "I' .-';iii I'liti. T'r iritiii.j li.v I'.. ilw.»fi'"i..i- I
.■I li, i'.ivi'. illi l.imiltiriis. Hi'. Ky'iin''iii>5. .im!. ' .> ■•• ■-».•.■■- ;
il;.v v-i.tuMl- ill iHii <■"!• Ii nihli.l'.'iini 1,1 !' 'iri; .r. !.■ ' ■. ,
11. "11 l.i !..':i| till- i." liiiii liiiit. ■.■"..•■'.<•■• ■')•.■ '.v:,,,,. , ;> .^:, , j
I r'rtiii!, ;iii Kiiyiniifu-, ('■ tir r!' ; '. : - '■ • '■ !•' . ,
>'i!'.i.;:i .;■ iitl-.niiili ...t" i^iijisit l.irliil', ..:...• ..n "ii ' j- ■ ' -f
iniii't .,1 mi. out •iv I'ii 1,1 llaU. rii. :hii- >•.■.'• il .s ! u. I
..i' !i. 'in.(4. Kiiiji I'.ir. i>ii i-mi'Hn.ni il uuli-Oia I's <\i rhi- -p >l : j
ii'ii! Ih,- i'i')i.»r, Willi 111., til.- M-v i.i.i-i. I ■ i .1 lii.i-ilit .it' iKiUiiiiri . I
~li.';i:i;'-ri| 1„..,....||" II}' lir.fl.-J,ix.ills,' mi sill- p'liu' li' llH l.'ll'i. [111.
>M'-.' . 11 li iviTi- -,. i.t" S>nu.ii.M., mill ir- l.i..tlir..ii Lii-u'i'lv ■•..!■'■ i-i
■11.. . i.iiM- i.| :>i.:.t,i I'riiiii ..ill'. I'll I'.iiil.r. lUit tlu
..,., 1!-.; tn..-ii 511 rill li tlirlii "1 1.1. 1,- !-••», 11'!. .n.' "ii"- in
•r I'll. !.i,c;..;n, n-i- -i'l-.' .Sitm.'-i ' .i'- ; ,1 - 11 .sr.' !--•* -« i
,-...ii '0 V\"ilii!i.n) .19 siiiii i.-ii'..!. ...1.1 ..'1.-.. i '. 0.i..iii-«
i..l...r.' lii'V ~...i,:.'il jrv- Pi.', rili.'s .liiKi.ii ,1' i. ;.j ..ril,
1; .'.].i:iiii ;' mill nil iii^ •!i..iili, t«,' .M.i..-,- .-, ■: :,.ii-.li.r\ lio'. it
.,iii.".,rU niiriiiiiiini •' l!ii- DiLii',': HI. lii.ii."' I'll. 11c i.'.t
^11 ti .'ii'-^-iiiv .-r j .'..'i-iiiij \ •■• . . i'.ii'y iLN-asaliii'dl [iiuiifi.
iiu.i .•-. in),ii ,! 11' Ji:il;i' '.If t'iii' inv.i.lT,, riu in r.iii). I'! .-.ii tin
y ■;- ii.ii.si.lf, V ii. II ill :it1iii-kiii tlio.i, :>l iln- iitmi "i" 1.11 .'■ I
ii'ii.i 111 ]>. r- v>.i- tiiK-.'i |ii.iiii.- ll.i Ni-iiiiiiii' ii'.iv irjv,.
II iiii'iliiil -ill V p'.-i^i-.-.^- il I ii.ni.ii " i-iliiiii !i,- 1.111 -Ik::- I'-.ii'..
..I' li,.. -.I'iri iiiil '...Itiii.ii'.- .it lliiiiie .111 111-' .1-.'. > -..1 '!i -
liii-rt -.ill! imV 11.11111. IK '.i.;..t!ll01lt, 'itl'.-v: V 'i'. "i.. iiVm '.< ''.1-
I
ri.i.r-i. ^viiuLi
t,r,i!iii.t;, lirliti; itoivn i:j
till-Ill
ll.-ili-l- I.t
Inii'i ..i.li.iM lii«|..'.iii, llnTi-l'iil'i', 111' In-Ill iiitr ;iii. I'l |.i-a,s 11 i.:ipli.-i',
i''.. \i.i-!ii:iiis I'l II lit Illi 1'1'i-t iiliil i i.pii.ri.ii l.i^ p.rd.iii a-ui Ini
■;.'.•.;!!;: I'lii.v V. .. lii'iiic' iiiiil Luiiiliii'ti.ii i.iiii .= il «i-r.' i"
I,. ]•,,-.■..(,, |i,!!i-v»'ji(.-i. Ij'.i IK. will* so 1 i.'Iiiil !i. ;i I'lindiiol t'm
Vr:V .,p!,.i,l.ii ,,r .vL.lt lie l.>pi:'.|(.(l, tiuli In' . ..UliniHKl tU tilt)
N. . ..\m .ill tl-i.i. liiiJ 1 ..uipi'i'iil, "1- ii'ii.-lit. C"iiiiii'-i-, in Apnliit
..r t:,,liilir.i, Hint iiui.ie nil uiiuHit'i' -lii'' 'lit vwy mi-ii wln.m
1,1 r.llliO l<. I'lprl. Illlrnln 1; Wl.-. l.KM t'l.n.iL i.t' .\pl.liil.
;..l.! K.iiiiH- iiMiIc li.:ii<i-ir 1' ,a. -if 1 ..'.;.!,.-: ., i>v 1- i^ M'.rii'- wliu'il
1 .••..ilii.il IT iillli Il»i uppciijti ;i "1 t;iji.i.-.ir '. ., 'i|k ^i^ •*• • I
C'l ..... ■ r.iiii. r,, ulinn, i'lu 11 tin. imliiriii .«tri.:,..(ii .1" it-. <-' ni'i..!,, j
i.i- .i-i>,;-u.! lit t ikiiiL' t'.ii. .iii,l(.i uf Miiivii.i, 111! ..iii; n..ri 1,1 j
111, ,. .i'l;,-. i.f ,1 i-.,n.-,.ii'. ivi:Uiii i',- iMu'iM, liii'. "'.. Ill li"i "tliii-l-» |
1 ,1- •: ul ,..nl !n..i.iiij;lil tin 111 111 .;-tv- l.ilii .iiriii'. '.l\ tin" i-iiiiri-h j
til '■ .'! tt .ii cui-rioil mill Ml-. ...ii',.:iuii'.! i-, ii,:;ii-.:,.-) .i 'i,. !ii t'.i.i
il.i-i.ll. 1, ll'l- !'illli.-:ili SlTVio.. 111-. ii,l-p~i- ftlll-liui .|p '!l ,l,.,Mp|i!tl.
si."i, 1! J,. it s.MiriU iiilii tliij ImiiiK-. .■(' IJi.' rsn .it. Titii ^^r
:i*-r. 1.1.(1 !.;,- siirpri-i>, l.iiil iloivii iln-ii- ir;-ii-;, unj I'l. liiiu'i j
r „i,.- !-:tri*i "(il-i! .,ji.'l!.:il !l Ui.!K:rl h'. liiii HI* li «. i li "-.!. j
i'lii.i'Ji 1.1 liir>U, llii(;i:i' lliL' }..ii!in..^l ii.-ii .-it' ■i'liiif'-* ' -iiiiii :
,Vi'r' liii: iii-t ami 111... it filPllllinti: uf liil' •liviiht... . ':> t;t',ii )
llutiir; 1 r»-f r<!pi-ali..tl i'S'lC. A (ii^'iliv. fJnii'; ji. 'i, r,il i
111. I l.'-i„;iil iivi-i till- ^iini|.i.|:s: II S.iniriiii ilu'if. l!..n ..( ;
I iM 1, -'!4ii .t!.-;li;^M s,-i'll of 111... ^1 v|.r:.lttMl?, Ill' 1 'lililll- I. .-. .I'liso '* 1
lin,.. 1! |iy iKTNii:|,lii|j; C'llinil liiwi.r, ni.'ltll hu in ill I It Mili't-.i,
1 fl.t, • li,-il.l(! Sii,ily. Ii:i./i'|-, liiilliii.i; iii'i'. Pl.iijii.ii till-
-'ti! 1.1 •.' M. -MUii, ii,.(iiiit«'il till' Mi-K-iniiii-JiiiiH, mill HiimIU. '.i-.m
till, '...iniiii 111- siiii suii llill^• lii.ii, n-iUuiil int" nrilir w.'l Uii
t'lUnr Inn' 1 .illipiiU'i.il, mill Wis t'iil!.tiv-aiUillilliri''s ►llilul I .'1
'i.iif , li'i.i ijiu- il 1.311 •• ill (111-- tluil t!,.. ..111:: iif ihi >iiii!i;;.i<l i-l
liif i.M il.. ,-, ,,> cf n |«ior Niinniiii pi'iitli'iiiuii, wl,ij liml ii'li ni'i
•Hi:, iv "A,!', ,■ i..'.-.- oiiui but llii urt'ii'il Ami 11-1. Wili'il 't I'lilnr- ,
II ■>., ti.^t mviuiui. wiio liiiil tMH' r-..'..'iiiivi.r tin. •jlml-iif ;'vi I'y.
i ill •:.!'' I 'Mt," - '. VfJ- 1 . - 1 , . ';;,«•. '1
'■^,i;.t. .' . ■• riii... .1 ii ' ii'^'i -11. • ,1! 'in'. •
111. lOiil' • '1 '11 i-'ii'-, ' 'i-jiirl'-il . ,' 1, ,.;,
Till' iMi.rii.i' 11!' I In i .1 :. . i '11- r ; 1 1
-.lull- liiiiiii'iin' 111' i.|'. I I. i- 11 I '•■ ,' *• . ,.
.111! Ii« ir-ii.|i ii.i-i ..viiin w .., <: 11, '•' ;)>.. ' ..
iiii'i|is ]ir ii|ii. I'll liy l.iii' !.i.- 1" Hi III, ' .. -11
Wiilii r, ili.i Mii^li^li |ii iijii' iiiiiii^if ' ..''(I,, (/iMHi K,
I'l i"^!! ilv--- vN i',..i' |il:in.- 'ii'-Miiil, li.mi vy ..1. |ii,vi. I r. n
iii.iiiilv Ini-.u I'll. Ill tiniMi i. ',|iii.|i! in-il liy Ki i'; WiHiiiii.
II'.. I'linl li.n. i.ii.ii ili'la I'l iiv llii' niili- ii.iiMl ..t'livin
I'lll'i-I'lli ri. ii.liin -.- •
[■|-iici.iil «(i iii-i;l ti. tl,. I'iii:i../.ii Hi"i!.. iiiy.il I il.ui.
Ill iiim-i' . 11. ' ]..iiir iilil I'liiii. ( '.1,11. -111. -aiii. In;; li>
lli'lllrliiilil l;.>\ i-rinil', il. 1.-1 '-lii' lii.l -lltdl li'i. viilV. 'I'll..
Wiirlil L'i't tiiii 1 1 ,t, (iir liiii! i.ii'l 111- |i'i.-lii 'lili' ililiiii'li
iiiutlst- iisiili-, 'l\ hill- ill' .T.t am! .'linlHi-.l lln. ^-.i.n
■v.i.v 11,-' W.- liin..;.!-! |.-,i-^i ,| t'nriii's In 1111' 111 I hi'
('ill'. .I'll -11111,1-1 .lin! ill" iinllnlli-. 111''.,, ifi.ili ; v.r.
'IP ., .-ii .', In I-.. U.i--.irui...l I'l.iiil I, .'iilil III'' t'lU-tli.-l
;-iiil..': .I'l .'.il! >\.. li.M .1-1 II l;iui..ii.i--t ~i t-.iiil.
-.illi lilt SimIiMI;-, .,!< ;.;. il,. , illi 'I ' !. M l' '.,ll!l[
li' '.11 .-. iiiil .ii.-li' an- li, N "li'i,, fill- iiiii;-, 1 !
:••' .li'!! I.il-- <i.|;l .,- 'i. \ 'I.. il •■.'.: \\iyj_
ii ii 1. ill h'i,.' r,-!ai. iil.i -111. Jli.u '.'lis l.i- 11
;4ii.-,» V\ 'l.r :i'(, ,.,,.' i.j.Ai ', i'l 1 .'i!nl :■' n't
■ a-.. ,' fl.l': I'll- 1;.' 1' '- r'.i;-i'--I, i"./'' I'i ii. ! .: i
!'■• la-l, .'i-',., . I * j ■ ..-111-. ,1 .1 '1,. ..
- ii.iVl..:..- ' .,' ■ ,. • ilM -. llii. ■. ' -1 1. (
■ ini '--,.,;! 1 ;.i,;l ., ! i!|,. -,1; hi'^ .' 1 ,,i|ili.. ,.■!
i , .| . 1 . ■; : ■ .iis.ti . I .1 il . .1 '.. 1.1, ',- ,: .1;',!.
1. 'i . " f «i|.i-i i.t j^',;- - '1- •' L -.- :• .' , ■. ,
!,..- »i,( iv '.il .,- '.I..' , I, ...i 1 : s. ., . ■ t
(akiiiir 111.' .i.'.ii , .1 .'It , r- . t I .. ',- I'' 1 ;, .■ -
.1 ..■ !..l.-- .(-Il - li- f |i -lU !., 'II .'',.,
'V'l 1 v'l.'i.- :• :.,.. -il. • ' t.- •! ''• ' ' ' ■ t ■' I .' .1
. i^v'i "' ' '<• ' 'II •' -- .1 ..'■ ' * ' lit ' 1-
VV ' i;. . H . . .-..u.,:v >•■ ■ i. ^l ■- ' '-'11 t
■'..-': - 1.1'. -if iilili '' *i 'i- ;i 1.1' 1 .. ...'I ■' » ' -1 . iili
■!l • .;:li ; 1' I- "1 ikl.i^. Ill i'-. nil I ■■• ., .\!,,.|. I
liiiii .iiii^iv Wl n l.iiff lii'ii i.iii, il. t 1- i-i. -11 il. .1. Iilil.' ■•>)' .
- Wii IKK IF * )'-.».vlll 111 - «li. 1. \\iii..iiii i 1. 1!,. m.i, '.i ""''iiii'l
llii! liii.l Hi.hH'Ci il t'lr hi.- prniu- n in.sti.i nin 1. !u r.ni r I'l'i^-i- - v. ii.,
;iu i'-!ik;!i.<!iiiiiiii .-H iiniiiiili' l.'nh-- 1' 1' ? .n .-t .1 1. -.ii .-, ii '• >,■ '
11 lull! i.ii'ii iii.'iiiir.u ■ -. ■ i til tiiii 11.111' -1 -i;i-i'; 'i .■i-i!i.,"i
u,i li nil, M,..n'(ltii l>, ,1 u' iili.i-; I'l.;,:, 1- ■•: i,...)- II'.-.',-
-ii-.!'i.ji liiii tin- )..i:it K.ii..'. V\.,',.i ii 11 !, ..1 .'i,... ,: ■< II ni.iii'
: :'• iHlti |.ll 111 j;i.i t.iilil.-i 1. ,V.-i' 1- ; •-■■■• li '.i .V .f
'iViiiiiiHi till. :!;i.l. ilii. Ill- 1 •■ , ,1 ',.■ ill. t'.-r lii;''". •
li.-.lk ilil.l I'lil'iill-. jii - . ' ..li a:. ' .. '.. I'> .ill" ir.l. '.11. .1 111
.lliiiii-rl.y I'lVi-i.i il ' Il .1 1- i . - .V ! ■ i|-. .ni'i, 1 II • '..-:l. '.i'.
r'ni !i-r,.i, .>;.;. K ...i ,1 ii • (.-i- i,... .-1-,;. ■(■■•jirii, I'.ii.
i, ^. ..;,.vti,.„, ^, ;, .. .1,1 ,1... ; - : -i .1, ;..!■. J 1*1 It , 1 '11 I ii'i;i .,
till-- <i , .1. .1 1,;.. .. .inii.'i .. l.i.. t' . I. 1 A| -I' 1,. -i'l '. i.i'
■•111 i 1 . ai'ii-iM 'A,. 1. 1 . '.: i.'ii.ii .-1, ki . »'"i -I'tii -' It; 'I
"IH'.'i
(iiii,i;ri..ii- "1 .
111. .1 till Uiin
.lij .!u-
• : , ,. ' .ivi;,,!!, (I rh'-lii' 1 il- "Lii'ln , I'l.
. "1. 1 I ,,!lit- l\i,....-.V 1,11,. .111. lilt, .nil' '
'I;- '«T, '^ ^'^:,'l■ .iiilntnl I'V till- «iii :"ii'' '"'ill' '''"^ "* '
lUi, .■;,'-\'. .nt'i ''.c 11. '.t-uai' i-H Hi^.ili'-t Illi ' 1 . .' iit..l 1.
.1. 'ii'll . ,1 -*r.-ii!i sii.li t:-.'it 1.1.'' liiiitll.i i .1 i-i> - ' 1' '
- ' p-riiiw. 1 'i ■ iiii 1111111111'- .11 ii'i
>Vi.i\ 111, . iilil -.-.-nii^ii I'.i' ,"-'1 1 "l" I'm' ii: •■ ■-•■ ' I "
llir..i-.i-' .11 i.iiili Imi riv.iil ,■ .in'ii-. ii-iKt lii-ifi 'f • 'ii' v" «— .'■ i' •'
J-.-'IlV ii'" I- 1. ri.i., .,.-..,: l!,.,.in I'ln: lit '.rii.-il, 11'. —. i.i •' s"
lie .%l!',I liiili^i-it n.i I', I. .s p.liill'i . I11..I ilt"'lt-l'"„ *'--■■ '
ruUii 11. 1 -■ 'Ji.uli,- .ii.i- U'l..; li"' 1-1 11 '1 .i.i-i- . 1 - ■
iMixir'tV. ,11. 1. i.iut*<-il 'ill 111 1.1 1 f'.ili.ir il- , 111--' 1 "' 1 . 1 ■'
, 111 -ii.l.Ji.mly ,-iM ill ::. \.\iv \ ' < 1' jH'mi -i. --. ■ ,' .-in..- n
'I'lliip;., .■x:..ri-il.-,'
1'-^;^
'M'
i'^^
■vtea.
SICILY AS IT la
n fiup picture of tlin Rcdpoiiuir ; mosaics of |H)r|iliyrv
aiiil v(M'(l('aiiti<)iieliii;;lit('ii its pavement, aiKiaiiniiiL; the
five fjiaiid Sarco[iliaj^i is out! coiitaiiiiiii» tlio IhhIv of
Frcclcficlc Harliarossa, opiMuiil in 17iSl by iiarliarnus
liatuis, when tli(> Kfiipei'i)i''s (lr(MS, of agorgiMHis triple
toIh! I'liiliriiidi'ioil with ;;ol(l and jiiweis, was found to 1m'
still in cxccilfnt pn-sci'vation. Here lies Hiii,'cr tlic
first Kill},', ' tlitu<^too, lie tins two Oonstantia's, Qucon
and Empress, and the Norman King Henry VI.
' Our nnn Williiini the l'i)iii|iii'rnr was not llio only kiiiu'lit
ndvcnturiT of tlio Norniiin nice iilwiit the saini' iicrioil as lie in-
Viicled iMigliiiii). It WHS in the year 1003 tliat Dro^ro, a Xonniiii
cliirt', from a jMlpriniajje to Jeriisaloni, landuil with alwiiit (iirty
conilKiiiioiis at SaU'rno. Tho Saracens Bttackoil the town whilst
the Norninns were there. Drogo, wltli his eompanionii, ]mt liiin-
self at t lie head of tlie people, and repulsed the invaders. The
Duke of Salerno having witnessed the prowess of the strangers,
pressed them to remain. The pilgrims exeused themselves at the
linu', hut eng.iged to return. In the following sprini,', I>ro^'ii,
witli n hind, augmented hy no smaUnuniher of bohf adventurers,
fulfilled his )Uomise, returned to Italy, and entered into the
service of the Duke of Salerno. Profiting hy the ilissensions
of the I'ope, the I,ond)ards, the Byzantines, and the Saracens,
they sent ov<r in 10:i2 for n reinforcement of their country-
men to reap the golden harvest; wlierenpou William, Dingo,
Tristan, and Kaynulfus, four of the twelve sons of Tanci'ed, a
Ji'cirnian gentleman of small fortune, came out with a party of
martial adventurers to Italy. The three entered into the service
of the Greek Kmperor, on condition of half-shares in the spoil;
and the eldest, William, the very nmdel of a knight of romance,
signnliscil himself by transfixing on the point of his lance (he
Saracen (Jovernor of Syracuse, and his brethren largely aidetl in
the release of Sicily from their new invaders. I!ut the Greek
general tried to eiieat them of tlieir reward, and made the worst
of the bargain; for the Normans elci'ted Iron-.Arm (the nauiu
give'u Ui William) as their chief, and crossed to Calabria,
where they seized several cities. William was made Ctanit
of Apulia; and on his death, two more of his brothers, Jiobert
(afterwards surnauieil "the Devil") and Hubert, came out
in tho disguise of pdgrims. A Sicilian party a.ssassinated Drogo,
and atlem]iteil to shake olV tho invaders, but in V:dn. Even tile
I'ojie himself, when he attacked them, at the lie;i'l of bis own
army in jierson, was taken prisoner. The \onii ,ns now gave
a proof that they possessed as mticb wisihan as courage. .Vwaro
of tlie spiriMial iiilhieiice of Uonie on the minds of men, they
knew that any injurious treatment offered to tlie lieail of the
Church would inlidlilily bring down upon them a deluge of
indignation. Instead, therefore, of treating the I'ope as a captive,
the Normans fell at his feet and implored his p irdoii and his
blessing. They welcomed and conducted liiui as it were in
triinnphto lleiievento. Leo IX. was so toiiehet" h. a conduct the
very opposite of whiit he expected, thali be "ontirmetl to the
Normans all they had con(inered, or might coinjuer, in Apulia
or Calabria, and made an alliance with the very men whom
he cnme to exiiel. Hnmphry was now Count of Apulia,
and Kobert nniile himself Duke of Calabria, by movements which
obtained for him the appellation of (iuiscard, or " the wily."
On one occasion, wlum, from the natural strength of its situation,
he (lesptiired of taking the citadel of Malvito, lie sent word to
the monks of a convent within its walls, that one of his officers
was dead, and besought them to trive him burial in their church.
'I'lie bier was carried and ticcompanieil liy unarmed men. In the
middle of the funeral service, the corpse started up in complete
steel, and put swords into the hands of the escort. The gar-
rison, taken by surprise, laid down their arms, tind the gates
of the fortress were ojicned to Hohert hy his own soldiers.
Kinally, in 1039, Koger the youngest son of T'ancred, eamo
over, the last and most fortunate of the adventurous hand.
History here repeated itself A fugitive Greek general I
had brought over the Saracens; a Saracen chief. Hen et-
Them mall, dispossessed of the government of Catania, revenged
himself hy persuading Count Koger, whom he found at Mileto. !
in lOGl, to invade Sicily. Roger, nothing loth, crossed the i
Straits of Messina, defeated the Muhammedans, and linally won \
the island. His son succeeding him, reduced into order what his
father had onquered, ami his fellow-adventurers saluted him :
king; and thus it came to pass that the son of the youngest of !
the twelve sons ofaixior Norman gentleman, who had left his ;
country with no possession but his sword, was crowned at I'aler-
mo, the first monarch who had ever ruli^d over the whole of Sicily. |
n
Tlif Sarcoplniifus of noircr is siippiirtt'd by kiieelin);
•Savaccns. 'I'lici-c aiv lour lai-j^c' .sari'oplniiri on a ptMJi's-
tnl, iind.r a laai'lilr canopy, siippurtcd liy four pillars,
'riic iiitciior of tlif Catlicdral no juniper produces the
sniiie Iiai-iiioiiy of eirect as nf oki, for .some Sicilian
churciiWMiileii has wliitewaslieil it. All the tiiio orria
I melils pl-udilced liy the tiistecif the fniindi'r, .\ rcliliishop
Walter, tlie Kiij,'lisli |piime minister of the < i I Kiiii,'
of Sii'liy — whiise pliiiis all' said, however, to li.-ive been
iMiiinly chosen frcnn timse becpieafhed bv Kiiii; W'iilinm
the liail— have been chdiieed by tile rude hand of iiver-
Ciireful clriinliiicss -
I'icK-eed we next to the I'alazi.o lietile, — royal palac"
no more ; lor | r old I'linci; Ca.stclcicala, loiij; its
lieutenunt giiMiiior, has vanished out of the way. Tia^
World f,'ot tlio list for him. ami hxs ]nislied theold dijilo-
niatist aside. While he cut and slinllled, ihe j,'iiim'
was lost. We iniM- just |iassed Cicero's house in the
f'athedral sipiare, and the Itomans liave ;;one ; we
have seen wlnie ilasdrubal fouj,'lit, and the Cartlia-
f,'iiiiaiis itre i;oiio ; we liavo seen llarbarossii's tomb,
and the Suabians ate gone; and the !;reat Count
Koger's, but where are the Noriiiniis ! 'J'he bells of
St. Spirito have told iis how the i-'reiich went.
Here is the Kiii;,''s Palace, and tlie liourbons Iiave
jioiie. Wliat next, and next 1 J'eantiful stair-
I'ases, funiituiv delicately classical, root's fretted and
aridied, floors of marble, niiil jirospeets cIk' most
eharminij ; but there stands a fellow in ti red
shirt, with tin Knv;lisli rill i his siioiilder, and
he is ex]ilaiiiini,' to another fidlow without ;i shirt,
and with his mouth full of tij,'s, how to give ills
Vote; while yomler beggar, reclining against a wall on
the shady side of the wny, just raises his hat, and
taking his cigar (about a foot long) out of his nioutli
a.s we pass, asks us "Charity for the love of God."
We walk on ; another beggar meets us without a
cigar. He follows and begs — '■ what, not a farthing !"
We have no change — "lie will give it to ns." We don't
wish to trouble him. " Then will the signor give him
the cigar he is smoking, ' in charity for,' " Ac. Aroused
and angry, we rebuff him, but not comprehending why
- Wai.tkhof Ofamii.io— whom Willinui II. the son of William
the liad seleeteil for his , rime maiister when be came of age— was
an Englisbmaa of humble birth — the son ofii miller, it is said.
He had been recouimended to the Court of Sicily by our Henry
the II., who wished to bring about an alliaiiee between Ills daugh-
ter Joan and the young King. Walter was a man of gnat ability,
and fiiitbful to his Knglisb as well a.s his Siciliiiii master.
William the Had, the successor of the lirst king Hogcr, wasn
Weak and indolent prince, addicted to luxury iind governed by
unworthy favourites. Heshuthiniselt up in bis palace and iieLdeete<l
the atl'aiisof his Kiiiirihim. Whilst iiidulgiii',' witli the ministersof
his ]ileasiires, a lormidable insurreetion amused him, the conspira-
tors seized upon bis youtbfiil son. the Duke of Apulia, and threat-
ened to depose M'lUia'u, who at length awoke, and with a vigour
beeomiug bis hold ancestors .suppressed the dangerous comniot..)ii.
Hut a inelanclioly doniestie tragedy darkene I his triumnli. The
young duke, as soon as the tumult was over, ran opeii-armeil to his
tiither, when William, irritated hy the sii|iposed complicity of his
own child with the conspirators against bis throne and life,
daslied him olf with such great (oree, that the poor boy fell hack,
expiring, into bis mollier's arms,
Xothiiig could assuage the grief of the wretelied king, win)
throwins aside his royal inantle, cast biniself on the ground in an
agony of deep remorse Itceoveriiiix at letiL'tb from his dejection,
he shut himself up in his palin-e. and desiriiiir bis servants heiici-
forth to exclude anytbins; thiit could oecasioii him the least
anxiety, gave himselt up to Ids liivourite pursuit of architecture,
until suddenly cut ott' in the very prime of an inglorious «nd
unhappy existence.
ife
III
III
i
it
;!
li
■ !
I
72
ALL UOUND THE WORLD.
we are anjjrv, ho fiimlly lioats iis liy ''At loiist tlii^ I colder nurllicrii iiotiiniH ; but to warm soutliern
aigiiiir will give liiiii liiilf tlit; v'^-.^r, 'in cliiirity for,' " I li'c liii^s, .mijjijistivi' and edit) iiij;. Here tlio inrant
tkc, and so we i;ive it to liiin. | iSaviour and I lie met keyed Virgin — tlierc silver erowns
U|> a liroai staireasi', liy open colonnades anil Moorish ! and wax le.i,''* and arms, and nimlels of distorted
frescoes, to Ik eliapel, wliicli, tliongli niysteiionsly I linil>s, restoled liy ])rayer-won intercession. J'ass on,
sombre, yet ^ditters witli a t lionsand j,'enis, It oienpies i nor seoH'; the metliod is nnle ; but tiie humble
the whole of one .-ide ot the I'alaee. and is the most I acknowledgment of (iod's great mercies lias made
remarkalile feature in Palermo, combining the per- ' itself a testimony. TiCt us res|ieefc the feeling,
fection of Hyzantine ami Saracenic art. as it was ( Away, then, ri>f)iiire, and ontstrippini,' the pursuing
built by Roger, tln' first Norman king. It is ; beggars, whom even war lias not cleared away, carry
ill the form of n Latin cross (a Greek cupola j us to tin; 'Av/a, i\w last house of the last ,*-'araccn
rising from the intersection), with a long nave,
supported by exquisite (/orintIiinn columns, from
which s]iriiig ]iointed Arabesipie arches. '1 liu wliole
entrance of the church is ornaniented claborat<'ly with
rich mosaics on a gold ground, and the etl'ect produced
is wonderfully rich, softened .is it is by the mysterious
shade purpo.sely brought ab'Ut by the narrowness of
the lancet windows. Kvcrywhere you may see frescoes,
antiipie jiaiiitings, nio.siiics, and rare and costly objects;
the high altar is crowded with some excpiisite antiipie
object.s, and the Hour is laid with choice ])orpliyry,
j.isper, and |)ietradiira. The roof is richly fretted, and
resembles that of the Hall of .Iiistiee in the Allianibr.i,
.so familial' to all of us from Owen Jones's iiiiniatiireofit
in the ( 'rystal I'alare. ( 'ontiniie this room by expanding
it to oiu^ hiiiidreil feet by fifty, and place coirijiosite
pillars on each side — gild walls and roof, and then panel
them with exiinisite stones, and slices of gems — on each
side aggregated into pictures of scenes in the Lives of
the Apostles — ]ilace u Viust, gigantic pictllin of the
.Mniighty — a h.ilf length— at the buttoni, just behiiiil
the high altar, before which bla/e seven colo.s.s.il
candles — i.,id you will then have but a feeble idea of the
(/'apella ite.ili' of I'alernio, liecaiist? you will want the
side ch.ipels and the apses, and that exipiisite f.ii^iide
of which no words can convey an idea We must
return to the I'alace, and enter the Koyal apartments
through the hall of the Viceroys, hung with the illus-
trious personagi's of .Sirilian History; and long for tiiiie
to examine some tine ]. rtrait-. l>y Velasipiez in another
hall. The audience room is hung with Spanish tapestrv,
which tells the exploits of Don Quixote. The armoiirv
is now strijipcil of all but one of the rams of Archimede.s,
the last of fotir that used to stand at the |iort of the
ancient Syracu.se, and were so contrived as that the
wind rushed through certain holes piiiietured artfully
in their mouths, in such a manner as to proclaim
by loud roars from what ipiarter ships might be
cx])ectcd.
In a liolliiwed vault below this cdiapel, four nol)|e
Sicilian matrons expired, after endiiiiiig the slow test
of lingering starvation rather than betray the n^treat
of their hu.sbands and their forces during one of the
desjierate strviggles of the island with its oiipres.sins.
"Worthy sister.s," says the "Unprotected Fi'iiiale,"
"to tho.se whose lovely hair strung the bow.s to dart
arrow.s from the walls thnaigh the bnsonis of their
invaders! Yet we Northerns say the Sieilians fail in
constancy." The fair writer pronoimces the Sieilians
to bo "more sincere than the Frem li, more coin Icons
than tlie English, more letiiieil than the (iermans."
'.'"'lis is Hot saying luuch, and so far, at any rate, we
can adduce evidenci^ to lier experience.
We must give uj) the rest of the churches, but at
St. Caterina you may look for a real Vandyke of the
Virgin ; and everywhi.'ro see .strange mixtures of the
devout and the saintly ludiorous, startling to our
i in Palermo. These walls we ]iass are not of Moorish
1 gardens, such as Cervantes ojiens to us in his exipiisite
tale of the ('a)itive ; no, they are walls of the gardens
of the Nunneries, and there fh ats a veil, as the pale-
faced dark-eyed girl di.sajij.eai'S from her post of
vantage, at the .sound of our ap]iroaching coach-
wheels. Jlow exipiisite this luoiiaslic retreat! How
luxurious this hall ! Thiinks to some kind influence,
some sjiiri of a Lulla JJooki; that has ]ireserved i'
so far unharuied ; for hardly a corner of the
house is as it should be, that is, as it was. Some one
has made it "comfortable," and jiliiced high baekid
chairs and a toilet-table and jiiaiio. 'I'here are the three
recesses where the ladies ,sat; and there, before the
centre reces.s, is the conl fountain, flow ing duwn to a
marble eliaiiiiel in the marble floor. As tor the lovely
garden that used to be (so late as loL'fi) while the road
now is, which liad a loiintain in a tish-jiniid fed from
that fountain, iitid where, in the upper floor, the ladies
ii.sed to sit and watch the fish play, while all around
was a " lieautifiil garden, filled jirilici) ally with oranges,
lemons, and other shrubs," and "an inclosure. with
wild jinimals," they are all of the ]iast. 1 here is,
howcNcr, jii>t such a fountain in the garden on the
other side of the road, and (.laribaldi has brought with
him wild aiiiiiiids enough, lleaMii knows!
There are Palaces in plenty to be seen. '1 he Favor-
itii, h.i It' an hour's drive fruiu the town, with its spleii
(!iil iiMuiie.s, fiiiir miles long! round the siile of Mount
Pellegiiiiii, and skirting the (-ea. it was a roval resi-
dence, but "something ails it now." Then thcieis the
Muteiii I'alace, with itsl all lodinorniiiiuiited with coral.
There is lu'i'e a little diapid with klueling wax
tlguies ill Tia|ipist garb. The group coiriiiemorates
th<' siieiitice which a young Sicilian maiden made to
atone fur lia\ing dri\en a devoted lover 1o a cell and
despair. IJepeiiting too late, she, lawever, a.sstimed
the habits of that rigid <ir(h'i', and passed her sorrow-
ful exisleiiei^ by his side, uiidiscovi'ied till hei' dying
day. And the guy, light, elegant t'oicelli Palace— so
<'xijiiisitely fill 111- hed— where the late Kniperor ot
Kussia \\yvi\ to live, and whejiee every iiight he used
to eoiiie forth to walk about on the Marine Parade,
with his daughter hanging on his urm. No. we must
pa-ss the Palaces, although all thi'ir owners have not
gone, and many will fight, as the Sicilian Jlarons of
old did for their country. There is some jiiosj ect now
of advantage for education, refinement, and intelligence.
There Wiui none bi'tiire. '
' l? very spark of Mitelligpiiee was but view iil willi Die atiiioet
su*]iiiioii iiiiil ilnail liy llie (ioviTiiineiit ef the Tui) Sieihes.
lilvi'iy atluinpt to iikivl' I'erHiinl was met by liisfiraco and im-
lirisoiinicnt llanl anil ilicisive .>it(']is were takiii to ri'pri's.n tbt)
desire tiir ailvancLMm'iit nf every kind ; any man a sliade aliiive bi8
fellow in iiitelU'ct and activity, any man cnj"yiii^' public confi-
deiiei', and considered by public opiniuii as worthy of estvcu) and
f%-
81C1LY AS IT rS.
THE ROCK AND TOWN OF SCYLLA, COAST OF SICILY.
Sii nil' till- ^^onn•lll(^ nil dil iiioiiiiiiiiii (nwn foiiuilrd
liy \Villi:iiii tlic ( jiHiil, 1111(1 rli.i nil iii^ly siIiimIciI — tliinimli
lliu jil-iMt si'il-j,'ilti!, I'cirtil lAliii', -llic ll;i|i|iy (iiltr, —
liy ;i ^Tiilli' nscciit iiilo tlic^ inti rim' dI lln' isliiinl, nut nf
lli(! sidi; of I'lilcniic) liu-tlicst tVniii llie srii, iilid ci|i|Hi^itc.
We me 111! a iinnd liroiid cm riiij.'i' rnnd, iiiid we cliiiilj
;iliili<^ iicms.s llirniiuli wliiit WMs oiici^ a wild rnimliy.
riit! Irgciid runs that tin" spnt >vas tni'iiicrly (•(ivci-cd
with a wild forest, whither Williaiii 11. re|iaiicd
iVoiii I'alei'iiio to iiidulj,'c in his favoiiiite aiiiiiM'
iiieiit of Imiitiiiij;. When overtaken liy slnnilier iifter his
latigues, the Virj{in Mary a|i|ieared to him in a
vision, ami desired him to enet a I'hnreh in her
honour on the very s|»>t. The |)ioiis nionareh
determined to outdo all his former ellorts, and the
result is seen hefore us, standing; out I leauti fully, midway,
oil the mountain side, as we drive up the valley
lietweon hedjj'es bordered witheaeti, <,'orj^eous in spring;
with red flowers, and riidi with the ilelieious fij;. The
ehiirch is a niai vel, with its hronze fjate luid two hundred
liillai-s The ijronze jjate is riehly oriiaineiited with
small figures in eoin|iartnients, and a grand aralies(|iie
pattern. It is the wcirk of IJonani of J'isa, the joint
architect (with William the Tnaeaii) of the celehrateil
Leaning Tower, ami is a work of euriositv, lieeause,
until this one, hronzo gates — a miieh coveted church
ornainoiit — had lieeii brought solely from ("onstanti-
nople. Gregory VII. (or Ilildebraiid) brought those of
respect, any one connected, cither liy tics nf luiluiv or the lioiiils
of friendship, with men of Icarnin;; mid practical projircs^, was
marked out for juiHcial persecution, tliougli liuiiible and s lint
under the tyrant'8 sceptre.
St. Paul's at Koine t'ri,ia ( 'olistaiitiliople. when sent on
an embassy to the tlrcek Kiupeior. The interior is
glorious in liislnrir pictures ; the walls being covered
with repnseiitations of the whole I'.ible History, and
all of them are as fresh and nntiinii.-hed as on the day
when they were first .set U|i. The ca]iitals of the
pillars consists of volutes, with foliage and figures
interuiixed ; i>ii one of these eii]ii*.ils the pious Kingwho
founded it, is seen introdiK iiig to the N'irgin, who
enjoined till' liiiilding of si> suliliiiie an edifice,
till' architect who ilesigned it. In the ceiitru apse
is a colo>sal lialflciigth of the Almighty, eiivi-
roiicil by the N'isioii of the Apocalypse and all the
Apostli's. Mere are ihroiies fortlieaich bishop, and for
the King, over which is a mosaic of the Itedeciiier
iilessing the good nionareh The efleet of this pictnrt*
is not so intense as that of the great one over the altar,
which, wherever you go, seems to follow you with
earnest piercing look, and lii'ing of vast size, has a
strange and bv no means pleasant, though a very striking
eU'ect. W illi.'im the (iood is buried here in a porjihyry
sarcoph.igus ; and in the Ileiiedictiiie monastery :.'■
tiii-hed is the famous )iii ture. by Novelli. ot' Saint
lleiiedict blessing that good Monarch. All the
ornamentation of the Cathedral is wrought upon a
gold ground, as in the ('apella Itcale ; from which the
splendour of the whole can lie imagined. Luckily, we
had no ladies in onr party, ami were at liberty to go
wlieri' ladies are iiol admitted, — to the to)i of a stee)!
winding path from Monreale, — mi mule back, (never
walk in these sunny climes if you can avoid it), u|> to
the lienediclinc C'oiivcut of Saint Martin.
n
ALTi ROUND TllK WORLD.
( I
\Vi> piHs, lit tlio wiiy »i'l''. im i>M rii>ili'. i>iiii' ;i t'liiii-css.
Mii'ii n niiiii i.Mii'i'v, lin( iii'vv ilom-ili'il. Mmiri'iili' unci
Siihit Merlin liivi> sr|iiiil>lili'il ulioni it. Tin' i|u:in'c'l
in Hi'ltli'il iiotv, lor ill (III' iiiriji' iililcin^ pile, wiili \\\\vk
wiiiU, wi> siiw (III- i'imI siiirl iitiil till' ttli'iiiiiiii^ of m
li.'iviiMi't tliil t'>l<l 111 III' III! imllyiii;^ pi(|Ui't, iiikI, /hi-
/I'll.'r I ' ,1S uooil lurk Willllll luivi- it, llll'j' WITC M |illllV
1)1' iMir ,iv\ II 1 iiiMliviiii'ii !
Oil. till' |ilr;i>iiii' nt' lint li'ii iiiiiMit(M nil llmt iiiniiii
t«in, liMikiiii; mi-r lli.it v,ill.>', "vr lli.it (^ily, In llml
Hiiy ! N'rMT lii'l'iirr Wiis liiin- ic m riiji'vi'il in siu'li i\
pi'iispc'i t. Mini iii.iiiy wiM'i' till' Uiml inliTcliiiiiijrs nf
lliiMi;;lit, ,iMil iiH'tnnrii'M nl' Imnii' iinl nf ijic pusl. We
li.iil cninynl iiiiiii' sljijlit skiiMiisliiim Inmllicr. and liml
knnvvn «liit it \V^|< in ihilli'i' In llir lini^li' nt' :i wliisliin^
liillli'l, nil .Mil.i/./i liciitlils, lus Wi'll lit'l'ni'i' .'iMil nl'liT
liii'.tklii.st iis witliniit ilinncr, iiinl wil!i iimn' slmwcis
tll.lll yri'ilt 1'nil.s ; si> Wi' Imli .1 iinlilit'il mill pilssi-il nii ;
tlioy 111 I'liili.irk I'nr Capuii mul jjlnry, Knrwaril! iiinl wc.
tn top the riiliji', Kxrolsinr' I'nr tin- nn loss pii'tnn'.si|in'
lli.iii ri'lolirili'il I'linvi'iit nl' Siiiiii Marl in. It w.is jn^l
lii'i'f thai wi' riinii' npnn a vi'lii.ln nl' a -<triiiii;i' I'nn-
stnii'tinn. :i htticii, nr s'l'i'piiii; i' irii,i'.;i\ limy rail it,
— a kiiul nl' sliiT nl'ii ilnnlili' r.ii ri inn willmnt wlin'ls --
nn t'xiiiijii'r.ili'il si'ilun I'liair -nn pn'rs, with ninlis
in p'ari' nl" rliairnii'ii, nun lii't'.ri'. ami tlm nlinT
lirtiinil. Wn tnnk .1 ski'li'li nl' il. .nil I ynn nill m'i' it in llin
inniiniaiii li.vi'ki,'rnuii'l (jn^l as we s.iw it imiisi'Im'sI nl'
till' laMi'.'in nl' Sinliaii I'n^tiinii's, (.-cr p. 8.M Yniinm
iini .always ui'l riiriaLTi's in lln' i'niiiitry,.iiiil. «lirii ynn
iln. ynn wnnlil lii> pii/ylml In liiul a mail li>r llii'in In
liavi'l lipnli. Sn, ai il i>. ynn will jiaxr In i,'n i|iiii;li'
ilaiiijliiii; lii'twi'iMi iHn i|niiki'\s. tlirmiiih llin nniintrv
if yon must travnl in sm'li mit nl' tin' way plaii's.
Hnt \vt> aro at this I'nnnns I'mnniit. iiinl as ravi'l'iillv
shut out nl' tlio wnvlil as il' in .i w ililrrni'ss. Take a
linwl ami plaster its siilos wiilirn.k shapn I'Xi'ri'sri'iiri's,
stirk a hiius(> at tlii> linllniii, .iinl palm Ircns all rnnml
I,i't thi-ro In' a liranlilnl unnii lawn ami a i;ai'ili'n.
anil applos aiiil ni'.iiiiji's aiiil loiiiniis ami alninmls
ilnwn at till' linltnni, anil rnii^^li .in I ilaik I'lnknii
ina.ssi's of Inliaiii' all rtmiiil up tlm siilcs .mhiI that
will 1h\ San Marliiin mil its siln Snn hnw I'liaiiniiiijjv
till" pnrpli' run .ilvnlns trails its luxuriant wri'.ith.s,
aiiil si-i' till" i;nn.| lathnr is iiivitiin; ns in In Iniu'ln'nii
aiiil ivpnao. Plu'iv is a i'i|iital liliraiy, Imt is not
tlio w itii' jinn.l I ami hnw iniu'h ninrc intorostiiii; that
bnnrli if ijr.ipi's than tho in iinisrriptsi
Till' mail hniiii'. ilnwinv.inls to Pilnrnin, |iri'si'iitivl
evnrywhi'ri'a vii'vv, liki' a I'nrnst nl' ■.^iriliiis, rii'li anilili
viM-sitiiil. Il is I'asy tn nninpri'lii'iiil linw Sii-ily rmihl
h.ivi' lii'i'M till' iiranary nl' linni '. ainl hnw tlif "lu'l-ils nl'
tin- Sun" iniglit wi'U have lu'i'ii siiil, in aiiricnt tinii's.
tn lu\t' pastnroil in those ]>laiiis, n;- ralhor i linsi" nl'
Etna, whoso ilistant oniii' i< jnst poivoptililo. rrnni ilio
tnpinnst pnint over towanls niir riijlil, ;i.s wo i,'n tnwanls
tho so:i.
Tho llowors that loil Prn.sorpino's foot wamlorin,
in tho Vallov of Kiiiia, .iro still smiling all almiil.
Kvory innuntain ilalo is liright with anoniniio.s nf niiiiiy
oiilinii"s ; tho nix'his )ilaiit.s aro singularly lioantilul
Tho ilanghtor of Coros h.is boquoathoil lior llnral
t.astos tn high ami Inw tlirnni.'linnt tho laiiil Kvory
whrre tho stroots aro full nf nnsog-.iys. ami wnmon nf
every rank fostonii thoir ovouing ilrossos with llowoi-s.
ino]iing them up tastefully, ami trimming iheiii with
hniupiets ami real flowers. As for the men, tlioy all wear
a short cloak or cape, somothing after the old Spanish
I fasliinii, ami I hey Iriintheii rlnt lies with pislnlsa ml kni von.
Mvi'iy line is arnii'il, ami oM'iyw hero lliat a tree eaii ho
foiiiiil with a liii'il singing nn it, hang! gnos a gnn ; I'nr
I hero ari' nn game laws lii'ir, .mil every nneslinnlse\ory-
thing. Wo iloii'l think Ihey liaM' miiili stnmaeh I'nr
real liglitiiiL,'. lliose Sieiliaiis. perhaps u'onil ilrilling
ni.'iy make them snlilii'is. ami nllii'ii's limy nan IriiNl may
liriiig tlioiii up In light : lull liny have tho Spanish
paiiialily for long slinls. ami ijin Italian aversion to
elnsi' ipiaitors.
t >nr next exonrsinn was to Hagaria (Ihigheria,
iniiininnly oalhil Itaaria.) or Mniiiil Calalfaiin; nn
llie nppnsiti' lini'ii, hraillainl, ni eape nf I he Itay, to
Mniiiil rolli'i;rini) It is nearly si'voii miles ilislani,
alniig .1 piilly rnail hy liio sea siile, ami lieiiig the
Kii'liinnml nf ralernm. ami the snlnirliaii plouMini'
resiilenoe nf the nnliilily, there are fniir or live
nninilinsos. nf iiinsl iinoasN springs, rnnning ii|i ami
ilnwii tn the ileient little wliito paiiileil \ illage throiigh
the clay. The grami iininsily nf the place is tho
I'alargonia Villa, nmo so colehrateil I'nr its innnkoy
innnslrnsitii's, ami that of the I'riiiei' Sorra ill Kalon,
w huso gaiileiis. with tlnir Imig alleys nf nloamlor ami
grn\es nf loinnii ami nraiige Iroes, their lahyriiilhs u(
Jessamine ami alne, ami all the rich fnliage of the
lieaiitifnl Siiiliaii elimale. ate now iintioed for a little
trick nf.i hormirs cell, inin which y mi aro grailnally
leil on liy a rustic path, ami npeniiii; the ilnnr, ynn .see
a monk. « Im jumps up at yniir ontianco. ami gesticii-
lalos \ inliiiily ami angrily. The lignro is an aiitoma-
Inli. ami ynn trc.nl npnn the spring as yon outer. (.H
cniirse ynn are startlcil. ami gel \cry hot ; Init you aro
sunn cnnlril hy aunt her licrmil a short ilislalico nil" on
.•kpprnaching wliniii, nnlcssyiiii have lioeii lilioral heforo-
li.'iiiil In (lie guiilo. a oopioiis iliscliargo I'rniii innnnierahlo
w.iler spouts .awaits yon. The giiiilc can put you just
upon one righteous spot, wliioli the water iloos not,
tniicli, lull ho is not pnlilc enniigh tn ilii this in all
cases ami the luitl nf the parly is goneially maile
the w.iter liiilt for llio nccasinii In mir riilos hack-
w.inls aiiil fniHat'ls we nli.siivoil groups nf lisherincn
ciii,'agcil in the luniiy li^hcry, a large ami impnrlant
imluslry thrnu^hniit the Meilitorr.inciin. -in fad, the
c.nl tishcrv nf tho South. The lish arc ilrivcii in slinal"
within large nets, ami grailnally cnnipn'ssoil into a
smaller s|>aco. nr rnniii. as it is callcil ; llieii large ll.it-
liollomcil lioiits cin.so roimil this chamhcr nl'ileatli, the
not is woigheil, anil the lish aro (loxtrniisly striiik nn
the heail with a eluli. arinoil with a small spike. Tho
soene is niie of \ inlont oxcilenient, the aotivily of tho
men atiil the strngules oltlie lish giving great animatiou
to the whole, especially as the lish arc .sn large that you
will see steaks oi Iheni I'rnm I'niir tn eight foot in length
hancing up for sale at the cmner nf every street The
sun along tho mail isintonsoly scnrching. iimlor the
shiclnvv nf a eacliis — grown into a largo tree, hy the
rnail siilc— a lini'sc ami cart aro shcllcroil ; there, at
the spring siilo, is a group of peasant women, the centre
one with a terra cottji j,ir on In r hoail, just as wo have
skotchcil her in onr illustratinn (see, ]>. 86) ; tho
young man on liei right is a mnleteer; the ilark looking
Irish kiiiil of "jontleman " on her left is a shepherd, an
ordinary pea.siint ; iho jolly fellow with the oowl tfriar
— they get the host of everythitig in tithes and the host
of good wine ; we s;iy ijnnl, for your Sicilian wine is of
charniingquality when well tcndcil ; as a white wine, that
of Svraciise especially - it is soincthiiig hetweon sherry
and Madeira, the clearness of one .and the richness of tiie
i I
if
III
k
V"-
f5
fw
m:
1 g !
if ii
SICILY AS IT IS. 7»
oUmt — iiiiil two poiiro II nuiiit. Tlir ivd wines Mi-i" nitlicr ■ (wo m- lliii'i' d.iyn, a Jjiili"! Tlii- mi'iitinii iif ii wiinl
oiirtiiv III llMvciur
lil<.' ll
>r till' Ci
I
Viiiin till' wJMC it i:iH" lull tills Irmii
Sdulli ! iiiiikc
lliiiik of
>s iiihl rilic'sliiiiL; ; liiil lliif
lliri'ClN !llll
liollli
s Would llini oul :i Willi' just llclWi'c'M I
w.iiil ol r.iii
t liciN
siiiHcoisa linl lilast ~ II dries \ on, sii
iresse.s down voiir soiiils wiili m
ll'oeMi
I'oit mid |{iiri;iiiiilv, IIim) would e\;ii I Iv til llio Kli'disli No' lei. llieiii
si 1 1
es you, .'Mill
ll liki' lead.
Ii'll' Mlllsllllie ami I lleir III lie skv
iirnili lor Mr, (il.idsloiie 1 ami tire we will yive llieiii llieir
|>alale : iiiid then li
well to lieersol' all kinds, 1 1 lack, sweet mid liilter, no Hir llieir iiiiisii' ; lieller ii
iiKHiiilili'il. Ilii'ii' llowei's, ami
l,aml
as enjiiviiienl is eomenii'd ; tor it is i|iiile |io.s-.ilile |o
have it omt in Kni^lai.d, .iiid sold liy retail at a shilliiiij
(lie iiuail,
l!aj;aria is a tlirixiiiLT little town, with a Inisy |io|ni
latioli of t'l.llllll souls, w liosi' |iniiei|ial oeeii|ialion is a
fjood lislieiy ; I hey a|i|iear to In' mii orderly and i|iiiet
elass of |ieo|ile, iMid the |dai(' has always a holiday
look, espeeially on those eveiiinys when its litlh> liay is
full of |i|easiiie sailing eralt, .iml its mad ei-owded
with eaiiiai;esof I'aleiniitaii ijenliA , whoeoiiie to eiijov
the drive there, its t'resh and luaeiii;; air, and its
I'lleliantiiiL; .seenery. We leave with rei;rel its L;ardi lis
mid palaees tor (he sultry sea side road, — its coast,
indenleil with recesses, upon which the lirii;ht sea
dashes, sparkles, and fo.inis ; its hamlets, hills, :ind vali's,
hacked with rail; i^f tar risini; iiio.inliiiis, ovcrtoppiu^r
each other, and .Mount Ktni risint; oMr ,ill ; the l.dl,
wavini; palms, that rise ,icro.ss its liliie sky, (he dark
cypress alleys, the luau'noli.is, the luilliaiit verdure o|
the Iciiion mill theyiii'c.i (.Nilaiiis iieedle). cistern .ind
tropiciil, all iirowiiisj free wilhoul hot lioii.scs ; ihc
founl.iins ;inil the llowers; the spiirkliii',' .iiieiiioms ami
rare scarlet llowers, mid shrnlis with lieIN .if liliu' or
ilarkest piir|ile, with velvet \ aiic^aled leaves, ami the
aide sea, swc'cpinj; arouml all, I. clow ; llien, loo, the
rtdineii. with their dark petlii'o.ils ,i:id lirii;lit short
skirted pelis.ses ami jackets. 'I'lie |iiirple iiioiilitaiiis
werealnioit veiled with mists of lii'al,,iiid tin' coiiiitrv
lay rich and liixnriaiil to tlu' nioiint liii's I'eet, lievon.l
which .'I thin white sli 'ct. like smoke, iiiarked the
coll" ol' l\lii,i, lost in the j;reyiiess of the ilist;iiit skv
We passeil tliroiii;li a little villai;e, the inaeearoni
iiiid onions liaiiiiiiii; in streaks ae|•o^<s the i;rated win
ilows, orchards of liiiil trees skirted the windinj; road,
alio\e hedges of tall, slcndi'r liiiicls, and quaint, i;riiii
tiii;;ered, I'actuses, with aloi's twenty feet liifjii, and
geraniums and fuchsias enli\ eiiiiii,' the dense dark
green liiickiiroiind. ()liser\c, as we roll alonn, those
white hooded peas.int yirls, those li.shcrmcii and mule
teers, and a carriage and si.v, .1 rei;iil.ir dras,', with post
horses, lieloiii,'iiio to some rich ('oiiiil ; ninle.i laden
wifh siilpliiir. ninles laden uiili toliacco, a lietcher
killini; an o.\ liy tin' ro.id side, ami peasants sipieci-iiii;
oil from olives in a rush basket, sipnidroiis of riii.il
cavalry, tic nioniited National 'oiard, in I'Veneh kepi^
and reil shirts, with Icei^ lioots, \oluiilecrs, caceialori
(felt hatted ritlenieii of j.omliardyl, sipiadri (Sicilian
militia), xoluiilecrs and pressed nieii ; the hox, the
priest, and the cross liy the wayside, to reiiiiiid
us (o siiy our prayers ami leave a few tari ; lail a
tiiro, which is ,iiisf less than a fonrpemiy pici'i', L;oes
as f.iv as 11 franc (which is teiipeiiee) in l''rance, or
ei>;liteeii peni'e in Kiif^iaiid. The friars of various
ordi'rs are the lies! men in Sicily, ami showed lliem
seh es so in the late eonllict. It is only a pity that, like
the noliility, they are too will oil' to have to work for
tlioir livini;. .\ country without trade and coninicice,
with no education, and no industry, re(|nircs sonietliiiii;
even imire than religions feelini,' t<i reueuerate it.
Hk ' the Sirocco ! The air is hot and dry ; (hen up
getin the wind until it blows a Loi-riciuc, and then, for
ilieili loi; any evcniii;,' than a
Sicilian sirocco. We hasten lioiiie, and shut oiiiselves
np, to make preparations for our tour round the islainl,
j and til lead and write letters i.ettersl A Sicilian
letter is ind I a ciiriosiiy. it is Jiisl like what they
liriiii; ill to the clown, in a p.iiiloiiiiiiic lor a letter — u
lar^'c sipi.'ire tliiii'^, with an imiiieiisc seal, and a paper
of the roni^he-t and least wliilc it can't lie that they
have 110 raijs to make il ol' ; for iic\l In Ireland, Sicily
carries ilic palm in ra^s ; and as for lil'ioiis material,
tlli'\ have aloes i'iioli;;li .ill lilire to liiinish paper sliitl'
tor all the possiMe p.iper III I'luropc 110 liad addition,
on some future dav, to their general cyporls of snlplinr,
wine. oil. Ill irMe, ainlicr, cor.d, ..liini, milimoliy, salt,
hemp, siiiiiach, \aiiill.i, fish, li^s Imney. oi'iinnes, leiiions,
and a few niiiior articles
It is one o'clock, and the shops e\ en in llic main
street are, aliiiosi all of lliem, hall elo.sed. '{'he shop-
keepers are asleep, or enjoy in;; a hath. I'l\ cry one I, ikes
it easy lliounh, s.i\e the sirocco, then' is iiolhiiii,' very
eiieiAatiiii; or relaxint; alnnit the climate ; the tem
peraliirc in summer lirin^ al out Ml", and seldom
without .'I cooling; lircc/c from thcse.i, ami in winter
alioiit -I.")", Iml then the lireive is w.iriii Itiit they are
a pleasure seekini,' people, and the clincile lempts llieiii
to late lio'irs -for with the hour of siiiisci a new life
seeins to liei;iii. 'riieii. .iloui; the .M.irilie I'araile, is
I lend the iiinsic of the re;;iiiieiit.il liands, while t he » Imle
merry hearted popiilacetiirn out. to ride or ilri\ e, orwiilk
or u.iiiililc, prince, coiiul, shopkeeper, and lii'L;i;ar
to ipiair lemonade, drink ices, siiiokc .iml pl.iy cards nut il
twelve. Cards. too,arc an .imnseinenl all d.iy ; t hej rest
and the lowest iiiav lie seen " makiiiL; llieir yaiiie ' in
the streets, in I he doorways, even in 1 he cliiirch porches.
The Sicilian I. idles of the liiuhcr order are of the
Sp.inish hiecd, short and slim, with line lustrous d'rk
eyes, Iml their mouths .ire larye and llieir faces too
lllin. 'I'lie cliildreii are lovely. The ;;clitli' 11 1 "
tiller lookilii; tlia'i the ladies, with p.ile ile.ir sk.lis,
line dark eyes, and an iiilellecliial expression, tail and
well niade, and fastidious 111 dress in piililic. They all
follow {''rciicli r.ishions, Iml their favoiirile colours are
claret .and lirowii. ( >t' the clergy the .Icsiiils are the
most aristocratic looking, and are a talented class of
nien, hut they avoid foreigners and take no part in
politics, content with lli.il primary power which llieir
liav iiig the main euilrol of cdiie'itioii of the male and
•male population gives lliem. The t'apiichins, on the
i..itr.iry, are more of .•iml with the | pie, as they
sliovMil themselves in the lalelightal I'alcrmi). Their
.•are of the sick and dying endears them to all, and
they go ihoiil in all weathers, liarefooled and liare-
hc.iilcikin ti."ireoiiiiiioii woollen frocks,aiiliiig,strength-
eiiiiig. and sii|.|iortiiig, while they tlii'iiis"|v es live on
cli.iriiy, for they have no more lands luit. those gardens
roiilid the convents. The liiave lieiievoleiiee of the
lirelliren of this ord^r during the ragini; of I he cholera
will never I'- forgotten liy the graledil Sicilians, (till,
of doors, aliiuseiiieiit is the fashion ; they only eat, drink,
i (very moderately ), I'.iid sleep at home, and gel up ill tliu
nioriiing to do — what do you think ( — to liy kites!
I Tlio Kensington (JardeiiH of I'alermo we at tiie wcrt
I
't .
76
ALL KOUND THB WORLD.
(Mid. Tlifvaro'-iillpi' t'/( K,iit;lisli ( iiirdcns, liccMiiscdftlH!
Iims; iivcnno of ^r.•l•^ 'liiit Iciids up U> tliciii uml tln'ii-
^I'liriitl stvlf. 'I'li's in tlic iilii'M' where t'iisliioiiiililcs
walk. 'rriM's, iiiU'rtwiiiinj; i-isch .iiid luiiicysucklcs, Miid
ffroeii slip|iiii„' li-itiks, and cvi'i y v.-niuly of sliadc .iiid
slirul;!ic'i'i<,'S < f myrtle, iii'<l little lakes, and inailile
seats, al)0'it wliicli hover thi! fi:\y tiii'oim ; these ave
their deli;,'hts. Up aixi down the lon.L,' shady avenue
go the eMrria;ies of all sovts, from a tandem to a draj;.
'•rowded with ladii's in hhie and <,'reen, and niau\e,
festnoneil, and honi'eted, and Hoinieed, ami crinolined
to thff last I'ai-is f'lshion ; hut all of a j,'audy hue. The
very maid in attmidanee on tlio over(lres.sed ehildren
(in jiink satin ci hhie silk, — elose reseniManee of their
mannnas) i'.rc ;;ay with yellow shawls <pver their
heads On Snndiiys, lioth these, and the Flora m-
F^otanieal (iardens, with the oraiiiie walks, and vast
hird oii/e.s, and foinitains, are emuded with tla^ niiddlc
el,;. :, and even the |Hiorest Not hut tlint Sund.iy in
ralermo is very miioh like Sund.iy in London, All
the shops are shut (after ten oV'loek)and all the stri'ets
are (|uiet ; the peopli' oidy beinj; seen on llieir way to
or from their eliurches at all hours in the day, es|ie-
eially in the early nior,iing.
ir.— Af.ONG SHORE TO MKSSINA,
Our liarsjain fnv travellinj; was of a .satisftictory
nature. For six piastres (somewhere in the wholi'
aliout live and twenty slnlliui,'s) ii day, we contracted
with a muleteer, one laiigi, or Loui,s, t()r four mules,
two for our own riding, (uk^ for our haggage (princi-
pally consisting of wine and victual, and cloaks), and
one for the muleteer himself; tiesides this, we were
to lie provich^l with be(ls at the liest inn.s, and have
hreakfast and dinner found us. So that travelling in
Sicilv is hy no means dear, as you can see: imleed,
when we tell you that g I wine is twopence a ipiart,
that a fowl costs not (piile foin'|ionce, and that the
finest whoaten l>re.id never e.xceed.s a pininy a poumi,
and is generally les.s, that .salad vegetables are tlirown
in, and ap]iles, peaches, uml oranges given in any
ipiantity for a halfpenny, you may Judge that our i
muleteer was uot the loser even by such an apparently
bad bargain. We st irt with the dawn, in the ICastern
fiishion, carrying with us knives, cups and plates, with
a due jirovision of colil pork and b.iked cream. iniiM'i-
sally u.setl throughout Sicily in |pla(e of butter.
Our first start into the countrv was through high
walls, just like tlio.se aliout ({icliniond and I'rent-
t'ord — only of stone — and belonging to the \illa
uardeiis, sadly knocked about in the last fight here.
Then came tlii' ,sea shore, and the murmur of the
breaking waves, and the tinkling bells of the goats
browsing on the mountain sides rising to the clouds ;
olives waving in the fresh morning breeze, and the
pink flowers of the tall ole.indcr glittering in the early
,sunliglit. The bees we.c up and out, and litimmiiig
amongst the meadow anemones and daflbdihs. A string
of mules, bearing grain, meets us Then a herd of
cows, with liells, going to be niilk<'d, into the villages, in
which not one chimney rises up, and most of the inhabi
tantsarestirring, and, alre,idy,coiiiiiig outside their doors
to transact all their busines,s, according to the Sicilian
custom. All along we could see the fishing boats
going out, and coming in with the spaletta, a huge
fish like a small shark, that cuts up into something
like hard beef-steaks, and has a wooden taste, with •
coarse pork flavour; horses and mules, very lean, but
dressed out very line, drawing pointed little t wliei i
cart.s set far back in the shafts, and driven, a m. ( usler-
nionger, at a rattling jiace, liy pietiiiesi|iie blackguiirtls in
while Jackets, bell buttons, ami black velvet breeches or
leal her gailer.s The horses lia\(' no collar> but the broad
leather strap across their chests, like our funeral coach
horses. We had an early cup of cofli'c with milk —
they always serve it so in Sii-ily, iiiiil the |iea.-aiits
habitually eoiiie to the village inn for it in the earliest
morning — the charge for it to us, with bread and
liuttei', was threepence halfpenny, \\ e breakfasted
and dined at \illai;e inns on the way, and just I etbre
siinsi t came to the Finnic (Jraiide, a great river, one
of the lar;;est streams in Sicily, which obstiiicled the
mail and nin.^t be cidssed before we entered Termini,
This is one of the iiileresting e\eiils of Sicilian
travelling, for yon can't always get across ; the river
Won't let yon. The ,>,tream iiiiis ,shallirw, it may be,
but is furious as a torrent ; the liottom is sandy and
the banks steep, and triuellers in carriages are ,sorely
pesled ; all the luggage has to be taken out, an I
the unhappy pair — tbr it sometimes happens to honey-
moon travellers, as it ilid to Sir linbert and Lady
I'eel — are eoni]ielled to slei |) in a littl(! riverside
inn, whei'e waiters spend most of their time in the
metamorphosis of fleas, \\'e lontrived to i;et over
with our mules and reach Teiniini at sunset,
Cicero tells ns of the citizens of Ihniera, a town
higher up, — wlien^ there are some Hne remains of
an amphitbeaire and an aijiiednct four miles long to
be scon, — coming down to this spot, where were their
baths ('i'liernue JlimerciiM's), and building a small
town, when their own had bi cii destroyed by a ,siege
during the ( 'aithaginia 111111(1 ] lima n finiirrel.of which tlie
jioor Sicilians paid all the <X| elites. Teiiniiii is said to
mark the spot wbere lleieiiles rested from his Mcdiler-
raiiean labours. AVe louniiihe little ])lace — it has l:i,(IOO
inhabitants. (2i,li4ii aciording to A. d. Hn I'liys'
]liii..ile l.'ltnlii' et dr La >-kUi,) — all agog w ilh music
and singing and daiieing. It stands on agneii hill,
by the s( aside, and has .'■oiiie haiidMUne < hnrclies.
They tell tis it is a thriving town, aiid driven a ]iids-
]ierotis trade in andioxies, oil, and wine Anywliere
else it would be run after (or its 1 i aiity, for tlie
numerous niitiiiuilies in the neiglib iiihood and in its
niiiM'uiiis, for its chill elies and cohmhIs paved with
nio,sii<'s and ailorned with antiipie coliniiiis, its thermal
spriiifis. and its loniaiitic castle on ilie top of the hill :
but here such beauties are coninn'ii. Oiir twenty-fomi
miles' ride, or rather crawl, on mule bin k, gave iisagood
H|i]ietitc for sleep. So we left onr nnileli er dancing the
tarantella, and after a snniiter lliiongh the street and
lip the valley to the castle on the roik behind the
town, retired to rest, not conscious that ve constituted
a raree show for all the begi.'ars iind the idlers,
and that the chinks in the w.tII and the key-hole had
each their curious occupant
Karl; in the morning, as we hail a three-and-
tweiity miles .■<tage before lis to ( 'cfiilll, we took
our coflce and mounted on miles, (lur ride was
such as poets love to sing .ibmit — through myrtle
groves and orange bowers, anil almond trcis. Indeed,
it was like a Swi.ss ,secne, with goats and cows and
,'-heep in the sloping meadows. Vou never see a
cottage or ii farm liou.se alone -they are always
collected, like stone block,s, in some snug cninny on the
SICILY AS IT I&
mountain slope. Thn hills on llin other side of the
bay, iit the <'xtrcine front of which stands C'eliilu. iim!
its ani'ient catheih'al, foiiiiiled l>y the great Cmnt
R<)<;er, in gratitude flir his esca|pf fVnni a storni off the
coast, ar('ch)thed witli olives, and as we lonk hack we can
see cajies and promontories jiittiMg out into the bright witli iron, tor if you ])iit into it
sea ft'oni heyolid Palermo. Kveiy one was at work in out a l>laek one The knowled
the streets, outside the shop dours, as we crept on — for
your mules at a ,,ourney's einl make no sucli (datteriiig
and noise as a French coui'ier on entering a country
town. Then; are 20,000 inhal)itants, an<l tin- town,
which was l)nilt in the middle ages, and abounds in
gothic paiiitod windows, stands on a ledge of rock just
above the sea ; the harbour is full of xebi-cs, feluccas,
and speroiu'ras — their sails furled, and the boats run
uji oil shor<'. The Cathedral is a line one, and the outside,
at the cast end. is richly ornameutcil. Tiii^ building is
liniu.in Ciothic, and the dccur.itions Byzantine. Ihit
the most interesting featui'e of Uefalii is a Cyclopean
wall of enormous \iuhewn stones, a relic of tlu' old
great citv of Cephal.'uium.' \.(^ had nothing to .'om-
plaiu of in lodging, food, or beds, and rose rcfresheil.
K\ervwhcre at the inns we observed the frugal, tciii-
])ei-ate living of the people — fruit, tish, and maccaroni,
anil nil strung ilrink. Their highest lu.Kury is a water-
ice and a melon ; and with a penny a day you can send
home a beggar happy. The rest of the d.iy seems to us to
be taken out in singing, and dancing, and sunshine ; not
but that Cefaln has its mournful reminisceuccs, for
here, many a Sicilian patriot broke his heart in
prison. The fresh morning aii' made ns
ks with pointed
flavoured with "a suspicion of garlic," (w Ude u.sed to
call that artistic tmiic, and then pushed on to Naso,
the ancient Agatliyina.- where the ancients bored
.\rtesi,in hot springs fur rheumatism and nervous
m|ilaints. One ot the sju-ings is well imjiregnated
' I whiti- doth, it eoi-ies
e of a s]iriug uf this
tresh morniii
our ai/mloK, or brown el
— the geiH'ral wear thronghont
all who don't wear shaggy shei
the peasant lahonrci's lio, — for then
till
link out
hill ids
island fur
skins, which
is a cold
Willi! Ill the morning and evening. We pushed on
for Tiisa, where there was nothing tu see ; andlhcn on
for St. Slcfano, a stage uf twcnty-fuur miles, p.i^siiig
thruugh wliicli we entered ( 'arntiia (aiic. ( 'al.ictc). a small
rown nil a rugged hill, with the sea in fi-unt.and a furcst
on its skirts. It was on this beach that \'ci-res the I'ro-
tonsul (whom Cicero so abused, for private reasons, a.s
he took his jilace afterwai'ds), halted and robbed the
people of Aliiiitium of their valuable bronzes, ju.st as
coolly a.s the great S|ianiard liallma. and the rest, did
the chiefs of New <iianaila uf their gulden ornaments.
The forest is noticeable fur its extent uf twenty miles,
and its containing uak (uld and well grown), elm (a
sin'csignufa good soil), ash and pine. We halted
here tor the night, and next day we came to a village
on a little plain, called St. Agatha; the fair (looiU
ness (such is the meaning uf her name,) has nut availed
to preservt? the village from malaria, a dismal
complaint, that leaves you iialf insane when rpiite
cured, and poisons all your blood ; so we ])ricke(l our
mules with the .spur, and jogged apace through the
fever district, until we reached San Marco, where «e
managed to get aoiue tea out of our own stores, and
were served with the milk from an Etruscan-shaped
vase, and tlie tea from a Wedgewoud Idaek t(!a-iK)t.
We had uu excellent dinuer of veal and maccaroni,
' Ciiplialediuin derives its name from its situation on a lofty
precipitouu rock projecting into the sea. Kogcr I. tronaferroil it
Irom its almost impregnable position to one at tlie foot of the
rock. The Cyclopean relic, the only one of the Itind in Sicily, is
an edifice consisting of various apartments. Rude inouUIinifs,
approximating t« th'iie ot the Doric order, are hewn on the face
•f the mauire blooki.
character may be iiset'iil to uiir travelling countryme.i
A mixture ol iron and snl|ihnr in a hut spring is rare,
and fur some disorders likely to be excecdinglv illica
ciuiis. We slejit on mattresses, with dean sheets, laid
on boards, as in coiiveiits or barracks. ]5orro, twelve
miles distant, with casth? on a sea-beaten rock,
was our next halting-place: thence to I'atti, wlierc
the coast is mouiitaiiiuiis, and the rngired slupes
are covered with olives The town stanijs high on a
pyramidal hill uf its uwn, backed by lufty nionntains.
The streets are narrow, winding, and ill-paved, iiiiij there
is a little cathedral uf romantic asso, iations ; furthcreare
the bones of Queen Adelaisia, the widow of the gi-eat
Count Roger, wlio.se hand was sought in marriage by
I'.aldwin, King of Jerusalem. The monarch wanted
the lady's wealth, and she. dazzled by ambitiuii, ac-
cepted the utfer ; but di.scuvciing after two vears that
King lialilwin had .Tiiuthcr wife alive, she returned
home in disgust, and buried herself in a convent on
thi.s spot, where she lived in grief and despair fur a
short ]ierioil, and then died of a broken heart. Her
pious son, then King of Sicil\, raisi'd this cathiutral
over her remain.s. The old tomb has fallen to pieces,
but a modern one. with a recumbent ligure of the
injured wife, has been rai.sed by the jiiety of lier
(Icscendaiits 'i'hcy make tasteful earthenware at I'atti;
which is cclebiated thiuiighout Italy for elegance of its
design. There is a line view from the height if which
the cathedral tuwer forms the apex, over giuiinds that
seem tu heave and rise tnmultunusly, and \ iiicviirds and
olive groves. On one siih' yun see (Jiuiosa, a litth^
village in ruins, that we pas.-ed on the road, perched
uii a hill-top, and deserted, bee iiisc too much exposed
and ufteii struck by lightning ; and on the other,
rises Tyndaris — to which we arc making, on a height
.seven miles di.stant. We muuiit up to it thruugh ii
beautiful pass, with a tine view, on our left, of the
l.i|iari Isles, N'nlcaiio, Stromboli and the rest. Tlie
ancient port off which Octaviu.s, with Ca'sar. ilcleated
the licet uf Scxtus I'umpeius, and wmi the empire of
IJoiiie, is now choked up with sand. Tyndaris. '.so named
from the father of Castor and I'ulliix. and where
IHonysiiis of Syracu.-ic jilaccd the colonists uf i,an dae-
moiiia, banished from their own cuunlry, is now but f.
wretched village, with little tu piotit its inhabitants
but the tunny li.shery.^ There is a glorious view from
'' The site of Agiithynia or Agnlhynuiiii, so called frinii u son
of .Kolus, may poKsiiily lie at Niiso, liut tliis lias liocn much dis.
puteil, on account of the great iliserepaiiey lietween tlie autlmrities
a» to its distance tVoin 'J'yiidaris and Ciilactc.
^ Tliere is a legend that the earthquake at Our f onfscrucifiiion
Blioiik down all the tempUs at Tyndaris; some siiy that tlie whole
town was destroyed, nothing being left hut one crag iind some
idols, which the waves refusi'd to retain, and threw them upon
the shore.
* The chief iiiuuuments of which the ruins are still extant ol
this city— one of the latest of all the cities in Sicily that eiinld
claim a purely tireek oriu'in— aie the theatre, of which the remains
are in imperfect eondition, a large editiee willi two handsome
stone arclics, cominonly called ii llMiiiiasium, the remains of the
phiee wliere I he elilV bus lalleii in, in the manner recorded by l'\\\\\
two gates, and some Boman tombs.
ii!
■1 ■
1: i
■i
,'i '
i '
I :-.
! :
lllli
78
ALL fiODND THB WORLD.
tlip convpiit nf tlic Miiiliiiinii, nvor the sr.i aiid iilimi;
the cellist lit' liili villii;;('s iind ("ciiivt'iit tnwcrs mi iiriiji'ct-
iiiR jKiiiit.t. We |iriic(;iM'i('il iiliin;; tin? liay t<iwiir(ls
)irincoly Milazzn. titincnis tin- tlii^ rccriit liiittlc. Its
castle, stiiiiiliiij; <m a liij^li jiraiiitc )iriiiiiiiiitcii'y, wciiild
seem iiiipivjiiialilo Imt tn tlmsn wlm saw it, a.-! we
(lid, s(i galliiiitly oa|itiiro(l liy (larilialdi and liis little
army ; tlie tnwn, wliicli is diviilc 1 iutu iipiipr and Iouit,
alicnit a mile in len;;tli, is siniiinudcd liy a fortilicd
wall. It rises (ni a jii'ninsula, tliree miles in
lenj^tli, with a lii;lithinise on the pnint, anil has
always lieen rejiarilrd as a strung |i(isitiiin in Sicilian
warfare. licie llaniiilial and Drnsillus tViiight a hard
tiattle in the tiist I'linic War ; here (Ja'sar and Sc.xtiis
I'liiupey foniiht t'nr the enijiire ; here the Saraciiis
had a lung sea-tight with the Kniperor Ifasilius; ami
here, linallv, was the crowning and lilierating \ictiiry
won liy (Jarihaldi. Theri? is a large tunny ti.'-hing
here of two seasiins, from April to Jinie, and from
August to Septemlier; and hither come the great
people of >re.>isina to spend their winter montli.s. It is
here that the tallied oxen of the Sun were pastui'ed, thi^
.^laughter of which liy the cunipauions of Ulysses led
to the fatal prolongation of his voyage, conseipient on
the just anger of the ofiendcd deities. You must read
the .story in the 'Odyssey,'' and carry Homer with you
(weailvise Lempriere also, if )ou liavi' still got yinir
si-hool books), fiir we are in tlio very centre of mytlio-
1 'gical loivilities, and scarcely a town Imt has a classical
allusion in Us name. I>y the liye, the Tly.sses of
uioderM history, Louis riiilippc. lonnd refuge in the
.\lilazzo during his fir.st long exile from France.
III.— STR(3MB0LI AND THK LIPARI ISLES.
Ox the lieach at Milazzo a njieronant was lying, the
wind was fiir for the .IColian Islands' that lay out
in the spiiikling sea. and we resolveil upon a .-ail there
and back Now a j>7)'/vi«'(/'(e is a large open boat that
can either sail oi- be rowed, and as we had six stout
fellows with us to pull us back again, we stowed a
basket of provisions and wines, and made up our minds,
if needful, to sleep under the sail thrown over the boom
We had just twenty miltw run out t > the ojicn
with a spanking breeze that sent us spinning before if,
until we reached \'uloano, the nearest of the eight
.Kolian Islands, consisting, with it, of l-ipari, Salina,
I'clieiidi, Alicudi, I'anaria, S romboli, and liaziluzzo.'
' Tlii'sc wild, finlastic Iniikiii!; rocks, suirtiiiij fnaii tin' sen,
wi-re siipjMwt'ii Iiy the jiiu-icnls to lie the cliinuu'V8 iif a vast suli-
ti'rrarir;iii ciivily, iiilialiitixl liy .Mi'mpi'S, KimiiIcs :iiiil .■\rirp, anil t lit'
I'.iviTii ill wliifli -E'llua iiii|ii'isiiiicil the wuuls (tli;it, lie let nut to
worry .Knivis iiiiii tlie Trcij;iiis) were iilso in tliis iuThi|ielafr(i (if ,
liri's. lleiv iilsii Diiuiii «iis pliici'il liy I,:itiiiiii In lior inf'.incv.
MiTf ViiliMii for!.'ril (lie li ilts of .line, iinil lii'i-c tlif smitv Hnnitcs
.■inlinioi'il a rainlinw inst.ail of the (iucen of ('li;islitv. .Kolus, ii
rlever niivi(r:itiir Mini .ventlier-aise, here lived with his wife, the
>1 iiinhter nf l.ip.inH, the sou of Ausnn, who pasisiHl over I'roui [tiily
iiid liuilt u city.
'■ The .Knliiin IslainU won' iilsii eiilled VnleiiiiiiP or Hciiliiexliif,
li-om their voliiinie ehiu-iictev. 'I'hey were — 1. I.ipiira, ft ill ciilled
lap,'n. 2. Hiera, Siiered to VnliMii, from wlienee its nioilerii
Mppellation of Viileaui. It .^lron;;yle, now Stroiiiholi. so called
li'ou) the roiiiidiiess of its form. Sir Cliirles I.yelj says, the
volcano of Stroinlioli serves iis a Imroineter to the Lipiireniis, lieiii;;
luieacenl in fine weather iind ilisturtied previous to the eomin(; of
had. 4. IMilyine, now called Piiliim or laola dele "saline. It was
called Didynie fnnn its two hij^h conical mountains, ivliicli rise to
a height of3,!>r)0 feet. 5. Phmiiicusa, so culled from the iwlmsiii
which it abounded, now Fcliculi. 6. Ericnsa, from the abiinil-
Vulcatio, which i.s sain to have been thrown np out
of the sea tive hitndied years before the Christian era,
was consecrated, by tlic;^ (Jreeks to Vulcan. It is
eight miles round, and has a silent crater three miles
broad and half a mile tleep It is a "lonesome place,"
and itihabited only by a few goallierd.s, whoso flocks
may ia^ seen browsing happily, and skipping merrily
under very dill'uailt circiiiustanccs of locality. The
bottom of the crater has an awful li.ok of stillncs.s,
and all around are shining ]);eees of black and green
glass (obsidian), and above, pumice and sulphur.
There otight to be .something well worth looking
after in such a Plutonic formation ; but somehow
or other no one likes to interfere with the place.
The hares, rabbits, and wild fowls, of many kinds, liave
a jilcasureplace of their own, and seem to liave niulti-
]ilied accordingly, A da-shingrunof tive miles brought lis
over to l,i pari, which is ipiitc a la rgejilace, comparatively,
liftecn miles round, and with twenty thou.sand iidia-
bitants. The soil, being broken lava and iiuniiee-stone,
yields excellent crops, and the mountiiin sides amile
with cornliclds, orange groves, and vines. The town
of I.ipari, as you cuter, looks like a beautifid scene in
a ]ilay. A casth; and ramparts standing out upon a
rock, and an ancient tower and cathedral right oppo-
site to you, with a mountain rising high behind.
Thii.se wlio like sulphnr liaths ought to come here. It
is hardly pleasant to think, as we stand iiway for the
nt!Xt volcano — Siromboli — a real one, that has never
cea.sed smoking, burning, blowing and belching out lava
for a thousand years — that here we are sailing over what
must once have been one united crater, which the sea
has iletachcd and broken through into sejiarate i.slands.
Fortunately, Stroinlioli catches what it throws up in
its own mouth, or else the .sand, black ashes, and red-
hot .stones which it sometimes ejects to such a lieighi,.
might render its asjiect even more awfully grand. Even
at the present moment, when a long banner of smoke
a.seends froin its top (which is like a pyianiid with
the cone cut olf) it would render the a]i]iriiach and the
sisccnt, which wc are mcilitating, not very desirable.''
There ar<' about thirty hou.scs on the i.slnnd, for the
niii.--t ]ial't built of lava, and the whole island is only one
niountain, which is nmre than a mile high, green alnm.-t
to the tii|i, but must nnple.isalit to a>cenil, as emitting
sidphuroiis vaiioiu' in the higher regions. Up through
a p.itli of shifting sands, among vines and thi.stles and
prickly cactuses, but not without trusty guides and
stout stalls, we ascend to the point where vegetation
mice of heath, now Alieiiili. 7. Kuonymus, or "that which lies
oti the left hand," now I'aniiria. Several small inlets iidiacent to
rnnnria are now calledtli,' llattole, the largest of wliieli, lla/.iliiz/.ii,
the Ilicosia of I'loleiny, may he considered iiii eiffhUi isUuid,
Vnleano and Stroinlioli are the only two active voleanoes.
n "."■nperstition" says Sinythe, " is not idle with respect to I his
wonderful al yss, and" even "I'ope (Iregory I, 8eeniiii(;ly believed
it to he the abode of the damned Here Theixloric, the great
Ostrojfoth, despite of his virtues, was )iluii(;ed hy the ministers of
divine venpance on earth ; while William the bad of isjcily, and
poor Henry the Vlll. of Kiipland, have both iMeii detected en-
deavourimj to make their esea)ic from this fiery cauldron. An
eminent eontnictov ofhiseuit for thempply of the Hritish Na»y is
snpiKi-i'd, anioiifr Kiiphsh sailors, to he in durance theiej and by
a remarkiilile trial at Doctor's (dmnions aliout seventy or eighty
years a.'o, the jiid|j;e in his deu'sion seemed to aei|uicsce in the
opinion of the 'baker's' lieinp confined to its domains forever.
The culprit was a Mr. U— , I have forf-otten the name, but I
can never lose the reiiiemhr.inceof tbcefl'ect that reading; this trial
trom the Naval Chronicle had uii a naval audience while passing
tlu! IsliUid."
SICIT.T AS IT la
79
ill
disap[v are. Tn thren linni's wc roach tho top of tlio
old cone. 600 t'cot ulmvc the in'csciit orator, and on our
arrival aro salutod by tlio doiiion of old Strmiilioli
with an erii|)tion. Tho abyss kindles bolow us, and a
jet of fire ruslu^s \i]) with the roar of a oaiiuon. This
is no despioal)i(! orator, for it onolosos six mouths ; two
are ojootin;; smoke rith tho aj^icoalile acoompaiiinionts
of Ii'ilrochhu'ie and hydro sulpluirio acid gas, — the
third is voniiting tiory stones, that, in their unintor-
iiiittod rise and fall, havt; the .sound of u lieavy surf
breaking on a beai-h. This gives fewer eruptions
than the re.st, but emits th(! highest jots of bui-ning
roek.s and cindei's, and makes the sharpest and
loude.st noise. Tho other throe mouths an^ intoruiit-
tent in their fiery vomitings, two of thom kindling
and going out at the same time. Suoh a sight
Wits worth waiting for until evening, when in the dark-
ness the red Itrightness of the lava shone territically, and
the tliree ■uouths ])laying together in a magniticent
eruption, liglited up the tri[)lo enolos\irc of the crater.
\Ve made our way <lown, not without dithoulty and
l)erhaps danger, and lay olf the i.slaiid during the night,
under the .sjiil, th<? dim rays of a suspended lanthorn
alone interfering with the grand light of thi^ stars, the
moon, and the volcano. The sea too added its silver tire
to the illumination in the phosphorescent luminosity of
tho.se glow-worms of tho deep, tho free aoalopliaa", ami
medusio with which this .sea abounds. Wo took o\it a
bucket of the soa-wator, and as we poured it liack again
it looked lik(^ molten lead; wliile the wavi's l)re.iking
against tho shon; encircled it with a shining liordi'r,
and every clitf had its wreath of tire. So wo lay, lulled
upiMi the gently lieaving waves, until volcano ami
heaven and sea wont softoni'.ig into one dreamy light ;
and we slept, on the bosom of the friendly .sea, Sdothed
by tho suppre.s.sod murinT'r of the distant waves as they
broke on .Soylla In tlu^ morning, with the tirst fresh
breeze, our bark bori^ back to Milazzo, wlioro we landed
as men do wiio hiiv<' returned fi'om fairy land.
Our route hence to Messina was through doliciously
romantic .scenery over the mountain.s, and past
.several small towns, th.it looked like illustrations of
the romance.sof our l)oyishdays ; Riimallotta, especially,
on the top of a high, straight, uprising rock, with old '
Moorish castles and towers. We look down u|ion
Messina ; what a glorious ])anorama ! Wo could .see
the siiklc! .shape of tho port, — the (rreoks called it
Zancle, or the sickle, and say that here Ceres, in her |
sorrow tor her dauglitor Proserpine's loss, when i'luto |
carried her olFfrom tho fertile plains of Kuna, dropped i
the sickl(! from her h.in<l, and .so gave to its shores !
their lovely curve.' And there stands tho bright city
in a semicircli! of hills, having the Faro Straits in front,
with their rushing, free, flowing waters, and the high
Calabrian co.asts on tho opposite side to bind in their
wandering wavta, which, passing the white palaces
of A[essina, go smiling by the proud statue of Don
John, that confronts tliem at the pier hpa<l ; past
the forts on the heights, the conv<Mits on tlio greenest of
slopes, the woods, tho mountains, the whirling ("harybdis,
and the treacherous Scylla —round to tho poetic slmres
under Mount Etna, and the beautiful bay oi ancient
Taoriniiiium.
' Tlic word Zniiclc has been aiipposoil to be of Sicilian orif;ln,
mill hence it liiis been ainned that there was a Sicilian settlcini'nt
at the Mcasann or Mcssene of the Greeks befoie it whh oecnpieil
by the latter ; but no mention of tluB is found in liistory, iiiul nil
ancient writers describe Zancle as a Chalcidic colony.
TV.— MESSINA.
We found Messina, which, from the port oft 'a|ie Faro
that forms its bay, is but three and a half miles from
the Calabrian coast, all in an agony of excitement and
imiKitience iiir news of further progress in Jtaly.'- Hut
for all that, I'unch was scroochiug funnily to a laughing
crowd on its beautiful marine promenade (.im p. Rl), and
in spiie of politics and war. the convent bolls wore
ringing, and thoy wore celebrating a /vsta, or hc'iday,
in the namt^of some |ilcasure giving saint. ]ioml>Mrdod
so frci(ui iitly by its later sovereigns, and Wdrriod witli
earthquakes l)y tho vicim; Ktna,-' it is a miriicle th.at
Messina stands bright, shining, and bo.iutit'ul as it now
does, though tho palace along its Marina, anci tho
half dismantle I fort and broken-dowti castle, still boar
evidences of buth. The environs are lovely, and
the view, from whorovor t.iken, over towards the
highoi' rising mnunt:iins of (Jalabria, — tho backbone
between the Adriatic and the Mediterranean. — is
magiiiliccnt : not even tho views on the Jio.s-
phorus can surpa.ss that of the Straits of Messina
The .Marina Ih'ive, or Corso (as will bo seen from
our illustration), is ahaig tho sea shore, at tho foot of
tho hills that ri.so in gentle slojies, covereil with fruit-
bearing trees in their girdoiis, heilgod with tho aloo
and the ]irickly poar, au'l bldoniing with vinos, figs,
and olives. V'ou are nevoi' liirthor than live minutes
from a grove in any part of the town ; .Mo.ssina being
aB celebrated for its walks, as Palermo is for ita drives.
There is aunthor paralli-l street with tlio Marina, which
\lsod to be called tlie Fcnliuanda, but has (hanged that
now (idious name tor one nmro popular. Wo took up
our abodi' at the Victoria Hotel on tho Marina, and
enjoyed tho sight of the gay oipiijiagos, and bright
colourtnl dresses of tin! Jiromonadors — ladies iind child-
I'lni — iis wo .sat at <>ui- dinner. On the one side of tho
town (the right of our illustration), is tin; terrace whore
Goethe wrote tho famous lines, —
" Knowest thou the land where citrons scent the gale ?"
andoii the other side is il'efort built bvour King Itichard
( 'iiMir do Lion,^ and beyond, over the dei-p bine sci, rise
the
The distance from tlie eiistle on tlie pivniontorv of Scvllii to
loi-re del Imu-o, is stat, ,1 In- .A.hiiiral Snivth at C.OlT v.iids „i-
rather le.ssthanlj Kn^Hlsh nuK la.l the ^..ait ^fu-vLl^^Z
■acts e,,n..nlenil,ly, so (h:.t its width 1,..,„..,m, the l-„„ta del
txtei'd 3!)/! yards, w httle nua-e thiin two Kn);lish miles
■ A temhle eartlupialie. ia 178;i, thrert- .lo« n „11 the splendid
mldm^'s o theeay, »i,h the exeeptioa ot ,l„. ea-hednd mid a
l.« "Iher edihees ot uneciiinion stren-lh niid soli.lity. The first
slmek drove Mil the inhah„.„ts to tlu- sea.sho,e,\vl,ere t hey
^-a.ted 11, dM„,v ,«„ ,,„„ :.,„, „;.,,„. .,.,,., ,,.,„„,j ^,,, ^
came at ei-ht oeloek ,,„ ,l,e s. e.ni.l ni^-ht. The .sea swelled
suddenly, and pivripilMted its towering- w„ves „„ tl„h,.eh en-
Kalphais; np«„ids of 2,0(l() souls. 'Ilie same li-emeiidnns swell
sa.ik ten vessels in the |M,rt and (h'stroved (he cpiav. Ihe do,-s i>,
lahilH-a .s«.m,.d to „ntieipato this awful <„nvulsi."ai of nature bv
liowlm- ,„t,.„„sl_v ; the .sea-foHl tlew « ildiv into the mountains"-
and a uoia.' like carriairc-wlirels niui.iiii; r,.iiud with ^-hmI veloeity
■w,Tst<.ne pavements pveeed.d the shock; while a den.se vaiKiur
e.xt.'mled over Calahria and Messina, a. .■onipMiiicd wuh a strong
sulphurous odour. In ISiVJ tli.ae were timlv shocks felt at
Messma m one niirht In ITIlt the phi-ue e.ni'ed olf thousands
» lis inhabitants In \K>\ the eholeni raj;e,l f, .i-Cnllv, twenty
thoasHiid persons died, and th.^ Ooveniineut was oblii-rd 'lo ,eleas"e
the galley. iilaves of 1>«1it on eondition of Ih.ar e<aniiii: to
•Messina to l.ury the dead. They did so. and not one of tUeui
died.
' I'hilip Augustus of France and Richard ol Knglaiid, having
agreed lo meet in Sieily, on their way to the IFolv Land, arrive.l at
.Missiaa. lancrcd hastened from I'alcruio to a'liow ever> mark
80
AT.L ROUND THE WORLD
I
STROMBOLI-ONE OF THE LIPARI ISLES, NEAR SICILY.
; I
ilie magnificent liciyits of tlio Ttalian Apponines; tlip
town seen under tliciii is Ki'itjjio. TIhtc arc sunir tine
I'limvlics. liiit till' most c^nsiiiiuoiis is tlie iiiii Nnriiinn
I'atiu'ilr.ii, t'mniik'il liy tlir tirst kin;,', Ungrr, tlic nnvc of
wliith was Imriit in 12")4, cai the occasiun ot tlic
funeral of Conrad, sun <jf tiio Ein|)i'ror Frcdfrick II.
of eoiii'ti'sy to liis illustrious ffuosts, mid cnntrilmti'il to tlio cxpc-
ililiim all ariniiinoiit of oin' liiinilri'd sail, t'> fiillil cniiipli'tuly nil
fiisiiij^i'iiii'iit olliis )iri'ilcri'ss(ir ia till' S'lverriL'iitv. Hut ttic kiiiL'
of Kiiiiliitul ili'inaiiilt'"!, in adilition, tin' ci'-sioii (if tin' t'oniity of
8t. Aiim'lo ill Aimlia, witli si'vcnil lowiis ;iiiil iM^tli's, liv way of
dowry, t'orlfn sifter, tlif witf ^f tlu' lati- liiiij;. TaiiiTul, astonislicd
at a di'iiiaiiil sii iiiu'xpt'cti'd, iiitci-posfd di-laxs. '1'Ik' inijit'tuous
ltii-)iaril, wliixi' f irivs were iiicaiiHii'd with at tlie walls of llie
lily, attacked and took |ios«es-ioii ot the fortress near the Kam.
as the shortest way ot' lir:ii:.'oi); matters to a eoneliision. I'his
air^re-sion leil to a >kinni'h l)tt\vefU the Messiiie.;t' and the
Kli^l'sh ; upon wliieli Kieli.ird pot liiiiiselt at the head ol his men.
stoniied one i*f the u'ates, , iitered the eily swurd in hand, slew
iiiauy Sieiliaus, and plnnT,-d liis leottiird standard on the walls of
.Messina. liutthis aet of viol nee Ird Ion t'lirther iiul-roirlio ; ftn'
Philip Auiru^tus, the Kreiieii Kin;:, eonsidered it to he so dis-
rospeetl'ul to liiiiisi If, iis well as unjust to Tanered, that hi' olfend
the Kincof Sieily the us,' of his wiinle iiriiiy to revenue the insult.
Thepriidnt Taiier.'d. however, aware how i'lexpedieiit it was toiidd
the wrath nf Kiehard to nil his either euiliarr.issnienls, iirefernd
lucMleniti 11, and made the Kiiitr of Kii}r|.|nd so hanilsoiiie a pro-
position, ill satishiction of hisdeiiiiiiids.that the niisimderstaiidinp
was temiiiiated, r.nd the Kinirs of Kranee and Knu'l lUd remained
rIx month" Messina, in the emirM' (if wliieli Kehiii'd learnt to
''dniirP iraiik and jralftnt charaeter o(' 'faneri'd. On the
return of spring' the i" o r.oal visitors set uuil for Palestine, to the
DO ainull reliet uf tVir liont.
Tlie catafalque, or funeral tr(i|iliy, wits so lofty,
tliat the liolits on its siiiiiniit can;,'!!! tlie rafters nf
tiie nave and the ro.d': and it anil the liody of the
I'rince were all consiinieil toj;etlier. The -Mailomia is,
herseit'. liie patron -.saint of the eily; indeed there is a
letter in Latin, said to have been written with her own
hand. (pieserve<l in the Cathedral, and exhihited oiiee
a year,) in which .she siieeially ailn]its this eity and its
iiihaliitants, who, from this cau.se, have almost all ot
them " la'tterio,'' or '• l^etteria," in the feminine, as one
of their Cliiistiaii names l 'J'liere is a toleralde theatre,
the Santa Klizalietta. and an excellent ' Klma," or
Hotanieal (lardeii. The port isfjeiierally full of foreion
vessels. ;ind the lirisk trade has bronolit to the jilace
a large mercantile po)inlatiiiii, very jiieally to the
inipiovement of its society. The iiiimlier of iiihalii-
tants is somewhere alioiit 100,OtlO. and Messina vies
with Palermo for the honour of liein^' the capital ot
Sicily.
Messina is not famous for the fine arts ; hut in the
Churcli of "The Cro.ss-liearinj; Fathers" you may
see a lai'oe pietilie of the Kaisiiio of Lazarus hy (Jara
vagirio, and in ,"^1. Andrew's Church is an Kcce Homo,
hy Michael An;;elo. Tlie Convent of St. tiregorio
stands liioh on the hill, on tlie site of .Jupiter's Temple,
' The discovery of this let'er liaslieeu attributed tot 'oustaiitiiie
Laseari.s. Tlie ,lesuit .Melehior Ineliufcr wrote n volume id folio
(1()2U) to prove it.s iiutliButicity.
t'U'fs i.r
1' tlic
iniii is,
■(• is :i
K'f own
1 once
iind its
all <>l
IS lillr
liciitic.
rii," 111-
tiircijiii
JlliUC'
(> the
iiilialii-
lii vies
lital of
stantiiK'
ID foliu
-I
y
■<
'/^
on
t/J
<
U
<
c/)
<
u
I
SICILY AS IT IS.
but we rnnlil not ol>tnin admittniirc, tin- Luily Alilicss
being al>s('iit, so wi- missed sociiig its line luiirlilcs
anil I'f'lics
Wt) wiilkcd down to tii('(|niiy. wlicro stands a broken
statUH of l>on •lolm of Aiistri:i, wim saiii'd licncc on
iiis cxpi'ilitjon ii^jainst tlic Tiiiks, and Joini'il a iiaity
on a criiisi' over lo Scyllti, on the oppisit" const. Tiif
('liannt'l widens as we leave .Messina, wiiere it is tlii'ee-
aiid-a half miles across, Imt lielow the l''aro point, it ili
minishes to little more than two miles in width, .lust
beyond this, we enl r upon the eirelinn eddies of
Charybdis, a whirlpool fornieil by the meeting of
the currents from the straits and tlu' harbour. In a
northerly wind, tht! ves,sel eh ning Charybdis on thi'
left is not utdikely to be carried full on to I lie erigs of
Scylla oil till' ri^dlt, a jagged rock, risin.; jusi above
the surface, as will be sei'ii in our iUiistiation (p 7J^)
under a high rock, where arr caverns, into which the
waves rush, murnmriiig and roaring, when there is any
wind. Homer and N'irgil describe the sea monster Seylla
— as fastenecl down in these vast caverns, and toniienled
by wolves and mastitis. There are shells, stones, and
strange- .sea animals in the museum of the little city
below, which an- .said to have I u liiunil in these
rocks, which rise boldly and abruptly JOIf firet out of
the sea.' On the other side are the fruitful hills ot'
Sicily, and at the extreme point of the isl.ind is (.'a]ie
I'elorUM.'-
V.— ROUND AND UV MOUNT ETNA.
\\'llKiiKVKK you go on this .siih of Sicily, yiui have
.Mount Ktna rising, as a great fact, before you, and
conipelling youratteiition. Not that it ap|)ears so very
high ; foi' its hugeness ami vast upheaving circiimferonce
of a hundred miles partially detr.ict fnuii its height,
but it seems omnipresent, and weighing upon your
mind until you have ascended it, which you know to be
your fate, a conseioiisuess that impels you to the per-
formance of the task. To get a good iiloa of Etna, it
' Aiia\illns, tlio despot <if Hht');iiiin, licini; struck with tlic
niitnral strnigtli of'tlic ]i()siiiiiii (if .lie prdiiinniiiry of Scvllicnni,
fortiticd the rock, iiiiil estalilislieil ii luival station tliei'e tor tlie
liui'iiose of clieeliinn tlie iiieinsion.s of tlie I'yirlieniaii piniti's.
Tliis wa< ttie origin of the " ()|)piiluiii Scyllieuni," and of the
existini; fort iind small town which stretolies down tho slope:?
towards llie two bays.
- Haiinihal is said to have put his pilot to deatli, off here, on
siispiciiin of treachery, from lindiiig lli.it he was about totulte Ics
sliip throuj.'ti tlie Faro Straits, and afterwards, on diseuveiinf;
his error, erected a temple on the spot, to Ids nieiiiory. \ inodei-ii
naval authority remarks, that iis tlie .\thi'niaiis and .iyraeiisaiis,
as well 119 boeriaiis and Rhegiaiis, did not hesitate to lii^ht in the
ii"aro .Straits, they could not have been considered so fearl'iilly
horrible by ancient sailors as they were by iiiieieiit poets.
(.'harybdis, howeviT, is known to be from seventy to eighty
futlionis deep, and its eddies are strong eiimgli to whirl round a
seventy-four gun ship, when the current ami the wind are con-
trary to each other, and hot h in great violence. Kspeciallv hIicii til'
sirocco blows, the swelling and dii.shing of the woes iiiCliarvbilis
is more iiniieluons mid extensive j it ilun circles in i-dili.s, and if,
<\t this time, ves.Sfls are driven into it, they rock and slightly wlurl
round, but are never drawn into the vortex ; they only sink' by the
waves heating over them, and this would be Irc'ipieiilly the" case
with the undeeked vessels of the niicients. When laiu'cr vessels
ire forced into it, whatever wind they have, tliey cannot extricate
themselves without the aid of pilots, who know liow to bring tlicin
out of the course of the enrrent These are always readv ahnig
the shores, and rush imt, like onr Deal boatnieii; to vessels in
distress. Admiral Sinytli says he has seen sevend meiiol-war,
and even u seventy-lour gun ship, whirled round on its snrlace.
is necessary to know that it is 100 mites round, though
its immediate Imse is unly from thirty to forty mile*
in circumference, and that it ri.ses in a pyramidal
shape to ll(,M74 or 10,SK2 feet, according to tho
best authorities. It is twenty live iiiilcs to the
lop, by an easy and gracefully winding-ioail. The
Zones of Ktna are cclebral III. Aroiiml its lower slopes
elusler villages, farms, and villa.s, with gardens and
fruitful fields. Ne\l comes tho temper,. te zone — of
Woods and waterfalls, and herds and shepherils, and
balmy air. Above this is the cold region — where
are the pine forests. Next is the fruzell Zone —
where ice and snow make the traveller shiver. Then
coiiii's the region of lire and ashes, and smoke and
desolaliou. The first day took us up to I'lronte,
where Nelson s vineyards grow right up to the siiow.s,
and a short distaiiie from which there is an old con-
\ vent, which the farmer of the estate has made into a
• snug dwelling. The only agrarian disturbance in
Ha the last revolution took jilaee here, fioiii a mistaken
liiilioii of the |iiasaiitiy that the Nelson estates were
about to be di\ ided amongst tin- cultivators ; but
the error was explained away by the |ire,senee of a
few of (Jaribaldi's rillennti, one or two of whom, being
Knglishmen, found means to aiiiionnce emphatically
that no robbery of Horatio Lord Nelson was intended
by the liberating army, 'i'hey call I'lrimte a small town
in their books, but it contains I4,0IIU inhabitants, and
j makes no slight ligtire on the s|o]ie of Ktna, which has
j been g I enough to spare it liy dividing every stream
of lava Just at its extremities, leaving it complete in
I the middle, with all its glow ing vineyanLs. There is a
valley Just beneath, w ith a river llowing in its bottom,
and both sides green with olives. All tlie land round is
arable, and the distant heights are covered with
woods. ^\'e saw the point at the green vineyard
where the lava had stopjicil, after cieeping for
miles up to it, slowly and silently. There was
the streik of the lava from the volcano, darkening
wood and vineyard, above and on either side, but
Just here was the line -the point of separation, and
Uronte — as an oasis blooming in the midst of a burning
desert. There are ehurches, and convents, and
Norman walls and ruins, and it is plea.saiit to stop the
nigli* here, and get up in the morning and .stroll
iii^K iiv^iVf tiitii i^\ \j "I **' i-iiv. iii>'iiiiiii^ tiiiit riiiuit
over the lava, through the wild looking country, seeing
Ktna's to|> ct vered with snow, on onr right ; centreil in
groves of oak and ■liesnut, till we reach the old wall.s. the
old liotis :■, the winding streets, and I'liie chut elies of the
old I.j>niljaiiliaii Itatidazzo. There are some houses here
of a very moderate si/ , richly decorated, and oll'ering
very desirabh; models for domestie architecture for
our y ling stinleiits, — examples to Vie met with no-
where else. Them-e, by a ]>icture.sipio country, abound-
ing in oaks and cliesnut trees, ]iast ^Malvagna to Liiigna,
or Lingua tirossa, vvherc there is a poor inn, at which
we ailvi.se you not to attempt sleeping, but keep on
descending through tl' rich country over lava .streams
until you re.ich (ii.irdini on the sea beach, and finish
the evening, as we did. at that lovcdy village, amidst
orange trees and locks, diverging only to Naxos, the
tirst settlement of the (iieeks in Sicily.
To Taiirominium eiily in the nioriiing is a two-mile
walko\er the beds of toi-rent streams. y('»»/a/v, rushing
down to the sea. past hills to]i|ied with castles or white
villages, shilling in the sunlight, and at every opening
vista the deep blue sea. Taonnini.i, the ancient
j Tauromini'ui, whioh contains five thousand iiil.abitaiits.
I !
V
i ^ I
til
AI-L HOUND THE WORLD.
i'r Ntill t'ainnns for its fuiliiliriniiM air luid Kluiiuii.t
view of Ktnii (.«<•<■ ]). 66). Tin' Inniscs un- liiiilt in tlio
Aldorixh xlylr, iiiul luloiiii'i) mitsiili' witli iti'al>i'si|iio
I'attcriiH, ill lilaik ainl w liilr : a >(iii»iiii; ami ikivi^I cllrct.
(hi tlio iii|i;i' of u li"'i:;iii oiitsidi' tin' t.iwii, fioiitiiii;
tlir iiioiiiitaiii anil IimiI<Iiil; ilnwn upon i In' xi'a, Nlamls
llic ruins of the <p|il (Jrci'k 'j'lu'atri', «liiis»! walls once
wi'l'c lini'il willi iiiai'lilt! anil ailoinril with statin's ami
('orintliian ruliinins, Tin' (irnks iniilt it, ami tin-
ltiiniansi'nni|i|i'ti'il. It lirlil lti,oilt)s|H'i'tatoi's, amlnaii-
niarliia, or naval liallli's,- in w liicli iral sliijis timi^'lil in
real watiT, ami I'ral .siilurs (|)risoii('rs) wcru killcil, —
nscil to take |ilaii' lirrr. 'I'lnii' was a I'oni'lor all louml
lor inotrclion to tin' H|i('i'tators from stoni's, nml, vast
as its .stniitiiri', ii \vliis|i('r or ii sii,'li I'onld lie liranl
in its ri'inoti'sti'xtri'mity. 'I'lii' Mi'iliti'irani'aii, sci'iifroni
tliis s])ot at siinrisi', is, of itself, a sii,'lit of .siir|iassini;
lovrlini'sH ; Imt inlil to this tho mannilici'iit swi'i'p ot'
om' siili> of Ktiia — thii fortress — the ohl tower — the
peaks — the heifjlils, ami, on the other side, Messina,
and the whole eoast nji to it, dotted with towns,
trees and Imshes, and \oii can iniaijiiie, oven did
onr illnstralion not snlliee. how exipiisitely lieanlii'nl
is 'I'aiiroiiiiniiini. Next lanie liiposlo, whem-e I'oly-
pheinns threw the rock that ilistiirheil the loves of
Acis and (Jalateaat Aei Iteale, a town on tho nioim-
»aiii, slandiiii; " on seven lieils of lava," each with
!l stratum of earth over it, everv' one of wliiih they
say takes KM) years to foriii. Dioiloriis Sieiilns
iiieiitions one stream of lava I'oniiim down lii'ro whieli
.<<top]ied u liody of troops nianhiiii; to aid the Sy.M-
eiisans, who wore liosies;ed liy the Itoinans in the soeond
I'niiie War. At La 'I'le/./.a, lait u short di-lam e away,
is the li.iy of I'lysses, where are the I a\a].-lamls, said
to have heen thrown at his ship liy the Cyilips This
port rounded, we eonio upon the white and IniLtlit-
lookini; city of (y'atania; Imt Jiist lie'ore re.ieljliii,' it we
made an exenrsion to tiiaiiM, and six miles lieyoml it '
up the mountains, to see the I'amniis ehesnnt t ree oalled ;
Cento Cavalli, said to lie a hllMlred and ninety feet ill j
fiirtli. and to have eoM'red a hnndied hordes {i-rnfii
citviiUi) with its sh.ide. The old stoek is in the e.irtli, j
bill yonni» trees have spriiiisj; t'roiii it; just siu'h ai
growih may he seiii in Kew (lardens. I
Catania is a muderii town, stainliiiL,' on fonr hods uf
lava. Its very liarhourhas lieeii tilled up hy an eruption
ill lii'.i'.t, wliieh sent down a stream of lava that rose
sixty feet in hi'ii;lit, overtop|ied the walls, and I
jionrecl upon the devoteil eity. S'mi i;o down seventy
feit into what looks like a well. Imt it is the old eity '
wall; aliilo\erit hani;s what looks like a roek, lait is
netiially lava. There i.s a Ijeiiedietine .Monastery hard
by. whieh the lava spared hy dividinj,' and riinninj; on
eaeh side of it, as at llidi.te. The lieiy flood ealiie
within toil yards on one side, „;;;! live on tho other. '
We had no time to stop for other eiiriosities, for ]
rumour.s of a lost battle here reaehi'd iis, and onr i
duties superseilod t'lirther excursion. So we pas.sed j
throujih Catania (observiiijj; how its houses were built |
of lava, and its streets jiavod with it — how the licpiid j
firo had filled up its harbour, consumed its gardens, |
and overturned its walls), and ]iiislied on, over lava
]iavemi'iit tiist. and black sand afterwards, throiigli
e.ietus liedgo.'J with .scarlet tlowers, for Mount Ktna.
Fcmvteen miles, alter |iassing two obelisks that mark
the Ktna ruad, brought us at a creeping pace
to Nicolosi, whore we got some wine and cold
meat, w> if going over llelvellyu or up Snowdon.
I They tell us here, as overywherc on the iimuntain,
that the vilhigo has I n, .some time or oilier, ii victim
to its I reacheroiis p.irent, lire, ami they speak ot
oarthcpiakes as we do at lioiiio of great storms, jtehind
the hoii>es of Nicolosi we see rising the double summit
of .Miaiti Hossi, or the lied Jlill>, so called from the
dark red colour of its scoriio. This was the crater that
thri'W>ip the lava by which Calania was nearly buried.
It consists of two cones, close to each other, and nearly
I.IMMI f,.,.t high. \\\\ hcicirceei\eil the kind hospitality
of l»r. (ieinellaro, to whom, and liis twci brothers, tra-
vellers on I'tiia have Iceeii so lunch indebted. In
iMIl, they built, and furnished ii cottage for travellers
at an elevation of '.•,.">S7 ft. above the level of the sea.
Two years afterwards it was destroyed, but siioii re
Jilaced. Then, the I'aiglisli troops being here, Lord
l''oi'lie.s and his ollicers siiliscriboci and built a more
solid sheller — now callcci the i^asii liujline — or
Knglish Cottage. The hordsinon of Mount Ktna
stole the fiirniliire. and when it had beoii replaced.
thc> Austrian ollicers, c|iiarlered at Catania, broke open
the door (this was in iM'li). .ind burnt tin' furniture as
lirewciocl. After pissing tliidugh tbrcsls, broken down
in many places by lava torrents, in which we roused
licrds of allViyhlecl c.illle. we .saw iibovo us the eiior-
niiais lava beds of the Ih.cc arello del Fiioeo — the •' Kittle
.Months of Smiiko" which, not ipiito a century ago
(llitlil). destroyed a million of oaks in the f 'i-ost ! At
a hut in the wood, a mere shed, wc rested, and tlieii
entered thodcsoil region. At the foot of Monte Miiiar-
clo,onc' of the largest .secomlary cones, are seen tho glaciers
of Cat.iiiia. iJillcr, indeed, was tho cold, and great
wore onr snlfcrings from clillieiilty of res|iiiatioii ; but
we pushed our way, with I he undaiintcil "jiliick"
of Knglish travellers, and at hist, just betbre dawn,
looked down t'roiii tho edge of tho crater into tho
very bowels of Ktna. IScncalh us yawned the great
crater, a dee]) and irregular valley, brislling with
blocks of bine, green, and white lava, and variegated
with lilies of eiii'liiii! vapour issuing fiinn a hnndrod
rents, ami almost Millbcatiiig us with their sharp, acid
emanations. The sun. risini; t'roin an eastward sea,
now gave us a most astcaiisliing prospect. Tho wlioh"
of Sieily lay belore us westward. The hiimlred sniallor
cones and hills iiiimodiately iironnd. rose up as from a
llat siirliioe of overspreading mist, and beyond was a sea
of nionntains rising like waves, o\ or which, like tin?
shade of some vast cloud, was thrown, as the sun rose,
tho gigantic shadow of the mountain itself, — a pur|ile
darkness, reaching across tho onlire island to the re
inotest hori/on, and gr.nln.illy short cuing as the sun rose
above the Ionian Sea. Now the mists rose from below,
and standing, as we were, two miles above it, all Sicily
lay at our feet. Wo saw the whole triangle of the
island, its tlireo promontories, nnd all its tiililed and
storied localities,— tho lioot of Italy, Calabria, the
Adriatic, l.ipari Islands, and tho Meditorraiio.in. Tho
shadoof Ktna was clearly detined, a cone slightly curved
on one side, — tho last oarthipiako of ll'tli l>ooeinber,
18.")", had toppled down a largo portion of it — iind we
ciaild see olearl\ the whole ciienmferonco of the water,
about three miles, and its depth, about TCO foot. Down
below lis wore tho plains of Eniia, where I'l'oserpine
went a-ni,ayiiig, and found herself entrapped by I'luto.
After a parting look at the crater, tho guides load us to
the brink of another orator, which, in 1842, throw its
lava into the Val di liove (Valley of the (>x), so calh'd
frcuii its roscniblanco to a pair of horns. The scene
I ^' •' 1'
-T" ^^^^M- --iaS'
.:'^%WV*''^^'.'^
COSTUMES AND INHABITANTS OF SICILY.
RUINS OF AGRiatNTUM (CIRGENTI). iH SICILY,
1.1'
ijlll.
M
SICILY AS IT IS.
17
In striiiigp riml frrrifi'- KiIiIIphi'ITi. ly Ninnki' issiiiiitr
friiiii ;i Imi>,'i' vent, wiili ili'iili'iiint; iiml wlii-lliii),' ii'ii»iH
fnlluwiri}.', ami tlinn-aiuls nf .■nis>iMK iinil rc-crossiMi,'
Ktrt'lllllM 111' Hlllipkr, willlSC Slll|llllinillS VI1|1I)IIIH H|iri>l|i|y
I'divi'd IIS to ii'tlTiit. Krntn tlii' Ciiho ili lloxi) we ilc-
K(TII(l('(ltntll.'rMrrcil(l |''l|lp^(l|■cl|•,lll•llollW•ll|' Klll|ill|(ii'l.'S,
tllcVllin |lililnMi|ill('r, will. \l isllnl tu 111' llnniylll tn||MV((
lift'ii niriicil ii|i til till' .skii'i*. liiM wlmsc Ihm/.iii .sli|i|)cr,
tliriiwii up 1>\ lln' iiatrr, lirlrnynl tin' iiii'IIumI i>I' liisHcll'-
MHIJ{llt lll'lltll. Klillll lll'lHC WCMIINV lIlC Vlll lli lillVC.Hix
hiilcH IdiiK, iiiiii lliiii' liiiiiul. iii(|ii.-c(| liv |icr|M'iiiliriilar
wiiUm (if liivo, iiliiii- lliiiii lln' liiiiiiiiii rail', ami rising
ill places tti iiiorc tliaii a lliuiisaiiil I'nl IVoiii tin' baso.
Kroiii liiTc wi- Hiiiiii t'liiiiiil ciiir way lia<'k tn tliu rnad
nnil into C'atnliia, wliciv, at'HT inspcctiii',' the wilk
iiiHiiutaotory, wliicli is its cliicl" imliistiy, and m inado
two yards in width, we left iiiir nrat liotid, with its
ruol nul-tiled Hour, and liastciu'd im tn SynuMiso ;
passing l.a Uraca, (iinimis fcir oysters; Agosta, with
ll'.OtlO inhaliitants, who export wine, oil, and honey,
and whore there is still a pliintatioii of sii;;ar eanes, tlit;
last remnant of the Moors : ncross Krimiis, where
Demosthenes (not the orator,) fought a liattlo with
the Syraousnns, whi<'h he lost; and tlieiite to ohl
Syracuse {sen ]>. 88), where we heard the Sieilian
sailors elianting the evening hymn, in the aueieiit
harbour. The city is interesting from its classieal
association, and its olive groves are .said to be tho
oldest in the world, those alioiit Jeriisa'em a'.oiie
excepted. The Syraeiisans have all (Jicek features ; and
theii' is a ]iopulation of about 2i\()0(l, as against a
million in aneient days, with an army, besides, of lUd.ddO
infantry, and a navy of .JOD armed ships The fountain
of Aretlinsa, the patron goddess of Syr.ieviae, once .so
liimous, is now a washing-tank, the common rendezvous,
not of nympli.s, but of washerwoinen ; and the site of
the Teinjilc of Minerva is occupied by the UathiMlralj
although .some of tlu" ancient coliiinns are still standing
Santa J.ucieii occupying the place of the (lodde.ss of
Wi.sdom. Adrecianbasin foruisthe baptismal font. The
Church of St. Jolin here issaiti to 1)0 the<ildest Christian
cluirch ill the worhl, and they say that St Paul
preached there. Then- me miles of catacombs under
the city, marked with Christian .symliols, when the
early Christians sought refuge there from per.secution.
The amphitheatre, that once held il(>,(liitl spectatons, is
a mass of ruins ; but the semicircle of seats is still
defined, and there are yet remains of the Nymplaeuni,
or mnsie-hall, that la'ldthe tripod of .Apollo. The castle
seen in our illustration {.les p 88), was built by .Maniaces,
tho Uvzantine general. In this castle died the Dutch
Admiral Do Itiiyter, and in this harb(jur Lord Nelson
stopped to Water his lli'ct before sailing to Aboukir
Bay, for the victory of the Nile 1 )own in the Latoiiiias,
fir excavations which abound at Syraciisi>, anil at the
one called Latomia del raradiso. is the famous Eiir
of Dioiiysius. It is an e.Ncavation si.xty-f.i t in height,
which gradually tapers to a point, wlieiice a narrow
channel conveys sound to a chamber in the rock; the
crumpling of a piece of paper below can be heard above,
but there is at present no way of access to the chamber,
except by being let down to it by a rope. The reputed
tomb of Archiiiiede»'lie.< near this; and at the gate of
Agrigeutuni we hired a boat -and crossed the harbour
' The art of finding th* speoiflo gnTitiea of bodies is lenerally
■ndentood to hav* been invented by Archimedes, the ct^le-
knktadBieehauutkudiiiatbeairticiknofByraGUM.wbofluariBbed
to the nioiilli of the .\napus, ulmb \\r found ratli< r it
diti'li than a river, passing ihrougb pliiiilatioii-i ol tlux,
its Mat nindily banks on eillier side being rank with
Ncgelatioii, Wti had to pole niid push our Way up.
but at last sneceeded in di.seovi'ring the papyrus — tho
plant (whose stem, split into thin slices, siifliied tho
ancients for paper,) growing on its banks. This is a
curio>ily, for the plant grows nowhere else in Kiirope.
It is a tall rush of very gnat heiglil, wiih a naked
stem terminating in brown ttifis, Salislieil with our
voyaye, We returned to our wine, and foiiilied ourselves
against the malaria with plea.sani iliaiiglils of the
Syriiciisaii .Muscat wine, wlm-e (pialily is such that
should reioinmcnd it to Kngli^h consumers, and its
price something between Ibiirpence and sixpence a
iiolljc. We cidssan angle of theislaiid to 'I'erialiova, the
ancient (Ida, where .1-scliyliis is said to lia\e been killed
while walkingon the beach, by an eagle dioppinga tor
toi.ic on his bald head, which the biid mistook for a stone.
Hence, through wild heaths and lovely mule track;., to
Girgeiiti, the site of the ancient Agrigoiituni, a Creek
colony, the site of which is now covered with luxuriant
groves of lig, orange and olive. Jt was hero that I'ha-
iiliiait 2UII yiMrs liefurH I 'lirint, Tht> stoiy gnet, that a Koldnmitb
hitviiig tiuvii uiii)ili>yi'il I'y II irn, kiiiK "I Syraciixe, to make a
criiun, a iiiiiHti ol Kiml hus );ivun liini fiT tliiit iiurpnae. Bui it
was suBpcuCuil tliiil thi! unikiiiiin liiul ki'pt back iiart of the
Rdlil for his iiwn ii»e, ami iuhiii' iin tlic wuikIiI by alloying ttie
cruwn with copptir. Hiuro. imt kiiuwiiiL: Imw to liHcertiiin the
triitli in ri'latinn to tins cuciiiii.itiknce. rufirreil the matter to
Arcliimt'dcs. The iihiliwopln^r. itttcr having Ions studied the
subject in vain, at laiitucci.li'iiiallv hit uiioii a iiii'Uiod of verify
iiiK the kinit's suKpieion. (i ;: oni.ilny iiitoaliath. he observed
tUut the water rmiehiulier in tiic tub or bath than it was before,
ami immediately bei;an to relliut that any Ixidy of an equal
biitl.- with biniselt would have raised tlie water just to the same
heii^lit, though a liody of iiiiial irrigld but not of equal bulk
would not raise it so much. This iili'a>iii|.');este(i to Inni themode
ot hudmxout what he su uiueh dcMred to ascertain; and, in the
trauHports of his joy on making sueh a diiteovery, he runhed out
of liio bath, and ran naked tliroii;.'li the streets of Syracuse, ex-
olaiiuinR in the Greek laiiKuajie, "Kiiiekal Kurekal" " I have
found it t I have found it!" .Now, since ).'old was tlie heaviest
of all metals known to Archimeilcs, it appeared evident that it
must be of less bulk, acconlni): to its \ve.|;ht. than any other
metal. He iimcured a mass oj pure gohl equally heavy with
the crown when weighed in air. and desired that it should be
w. lulled against the cronn in water, aii'l it the crown was nut
allojed. It would counierbalanee the mass of gold when they
weie both iuinierseil in water, as «i II as it dnl when they were
immersed in air. But, <iii niakn.K the tnal. he found tb^t the
niii.-^s of gold wei|;lied iiiiich In avier In waer than di't the
cri'«u: not only so, Ijut when the mass and crown were im-
nieiaed separately in one vessel ol w.iter, the crown raised the
wacer much higher than the mass of K'ld did ; which proved
that it was alloyed with some li^'liter metal which increased its
bulk. By making, in this manner, trials ot different metals,
eqiMlly heavy as the crown, he tound oat the quantity of alloy
Willi h had been introduced into It. A body immersed in a
fluid will sink tu the bottom of it if it be heavier than its bulk
of the tluid ; and if it be susi>eii<led in it. it will lose as much of
w hat It weighed in air as its bulk of the tluid weighs. Hence
all b 'dies of equal bulks, which would sink in fluids, lose equal
weights when suspended in them ; and unequal bodies lose in
Sroportion to their bulks. This is the foundation of the whole
octrliie of specitic gravities.— The specilio gravities of all bodies
that sink in water may be found first liy weighing the body in
air and then in water, and dividing the weight in air by the loss
of V, ei;;ht in water. For example, a guinea weighs one hundred
and twenty-nine grains in air. iiml when weighed in water it
loses seven and one quarter grains, which shows that a quan-
tity of water of equal bulk with the guinea weighs seven and
one quarter grains. Divide one hundred and twenty-nine by
seven and one quarter, the quotient will be 17.7U3, or a little
more than seventeen and three quarters, which proves the
guinea tu be seventi en and three quarter tim s heavier than
ite bulk of water. The instrument used to lind the specitic
gravities of boiliea is called the Hydroxlaiie Balanu, which
itfers but little from « common balance, only it has a hook
at the bottom of one of the scales on <7hioh different substances
tliat are to be examined may be hung by horse hairs, or silk
threads, so as to bv uumersed in a veaasl of water withoat
wetting th* seals.
i :i;
i •■'
i
!
i
! i
i
1
1 :
!■ i
1 ■ ■;
■ i M
1 ' 1
1
i
1
I:',
i|il
dS
ALL HOUND THE WORUX
Inris had liis brazen bull, and mar^L' j'orillus. tlir inventor,
tlie first victim, byenclowinj,'liiinin it when heated red In it.
It was till- lovely city that a iioiiuliition of20(t,001i
Sybaritic citizensquitted in one nif,'ht rather tha'i endiire
the shortness of a few days' jirovision wlien hesieyjed by
the Carthaginians. Our sketeii shows on t he ri;;Iit the ruins
ot'the Tenii)lfi ol'Conconl, and, on the Ifft. that of Juno
Lucina. Tlie former stands, {jrand and simple, on a
lonely crag lookinj; over the sea. The view, from a
distance, of the hi{;h ]ilateau, on which the town stanils,
is dtliciou.s The ])o|ndation is l'ri,(iO(l, and it is an
enipori'Mii for tlie sulphur which comes here from the
neifihbouvhood of Sicuiiana. Zeu.xis selected five wonu'ii
of Agrigontum, and painted, from their C(imbine<l
beauties, his celebrated picture of Juno — using them as
models of grace, ex])ression, .synnnetry, elegance, and
modesty. The town of Sii-uliana contains .^,616
inliabitant.s wiio are engaged in working the mines of
sulphur wliich, being mi.ved with lime, is easily biu'nt
and run out, pure, into niouUls and boxes. The occu-
])ation is very jirofitidih .ind numerous moderate
fortunes and ini'omes are i ralised in this trade.
We no wcro.s.sed over to Palermo, lea ingScgestumwith
its Temple, anil Mount Ery x — wlu" e was the celebrated
Temple of Venus Krvi'ina. the .nost voluptuous and
vicii>us, in her rite.s, (.t all tl <■ Venuse.s — to our left.
At Paleiiuo we took the sceam boat, and reached
^'apli-; in time to welcome the installation of the uew
dvuxstv.
■*^t5'==i^~"
OEK "^
«^^
VIEW OF SYRACUSE, \H SICILY
aiul
,Clfi
!« of
iriit
ccu-
nite
vitli
itfd
and
left.
lied
lew
!!y
fe
ii
I
If I
i
a i!
i '
■I,
'I :
t
■ ^
\> ''
i.
;!l
IS; :
1
"5fc.
J
)},
.'J^*'
? >HN ,. J-*'-
.. ''t"
J
■ H i ^ „ !> ;: ,.. r (11
iirU. cor 11, J. CirvA.
;'''V(; K',»vi;
:.' iitiif'i -
"^'l ' '•-'■'■■' ';>. lU-l I fir 't t»l \\f (,, . 1, :. ; .. •
■'"■''''•'*■!' i\ ■■■" 1,(10 11(1. lit. n ->: :Jsv.<''u: '■. -•- . '^ ;
•''•;'■; " ■' ■■'l'^' '!'■•■ "Ml '.' MnvTi. JO I;, !■>.. .;,,:;. ' , ^ ^
'"_"'■'■''-■-'••''■' ■•;■!'". -:i-.;';i ;jvj>i..'i.-'V, "I- ' ^.|, ..<i' *•'
I ." .1.;; if I Ol'r r.. <.-;f:iMr (1,1, ,11 If, .ATi,,' , '. ., . ,, . ,,, t,,,:i,,
■"< -'"M ■ '-I"!'''!!"'- •••r:;. |illi lljf II,.'-',. , '■ ^ • ,' > - ^ ..■ .,,-,,•
,..•'! .-.,.1
nil
I' - 1
'Ah-.l!.' f 1... !, ,,., ,i,|l »!:;|ll|i. '■■, :it-.i l.iti.--;
; [ir •, . *'ir >■ ■.-<: .I.Mr ; . ii
'' > «■- ■|..\. [ 'r ■ ,■
Ti' , (
» '■■'Ifi.ll; 'I,
, '1"
J\
iji'^iN^!
I
•I
4»>.^
■» 5^;
.-^sr*" .""T ■
' I-
CHINESE BOAT.
CHINA. COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN,
1.— nONG KONG
The sending an .army and a flpft to the month of
the Peilio Rivor, with tho intention of iidvaiicing l>y a
fihort cnt across the conntry <lirt'i't to Tckin itsilf,
entailed an amount of coniiuissiiiiiit pr(>]i:iration wliieli
necpssitjitod cur reaidiins; Cliina fiir some niontlis in
advance of th(» Kxpedition, iis well for the inakin}; our-
selves aoqnainted not only with the means ofohtaining
re.'dy sn|)|>lies for the present, as foi- acfjiiii-inff such a
kiiowledge of tlie hahits ;ind maimers anil language of
the people, as well as the rea<Mirces of the sev<'ral parts
of the conntry as would render us masters of every
means, and prepared for every contingency, in case of
a longer continiiation of the eami)aign.
As we near Hong Kong, it reminds as, as it hiis
done others, of the Western Highlands. The moun-
tains rise apparently harren and uncultivated, Imt on
passing CJrcen Island an agreeahle suiprise awaits us.
The town of /ictoria s])rcads out in a semiciicle at
the water's edge, stretching three or four miles on each
side of the Hay, and going hack fiom the water's edge,
one building aliove another, right to the mountain's
.side. The Hay is full of .shipping, but a.s seen from
the town appears land locked ; so lliat in going o\it anil
coming in, the city .s]>rings u|) before you directly
behind the island which you pass. Hong Kong is '26
miles in circinnference. miles long, and f* broad.
These seas, on every side, are full of s\ich islands; but
We gut this one as a bonus for 23.:^!t.T chests of upiuni de-
stroyed liy I, in. and )iaid fur by the Chinese, and once
getting a foothold, ii\ sjiite of aH obstacles of ]>ositioii
i
I I
:i
M|'
90
ALL ROUiND THE WORLD.
Hiid climate, wr liiivii L'li:ii.jj;<'(l the I<illi|iiitiiiii fiHliiiig-
towii til nnnthi'r Siiigajioii-. Tlif 1/Ou poverty-stricken
Chinese of 184U liave increased to nearly a quarter of
a million. Hon;; Kong is to China what tiilir.iltar
is to Spain — or rather it is tlie Ijver'pool of
Chiim. It is atHicti'il witli a Governor, a Council
f)f Five, a (.'liief Justice, and an Attorney-deneral,
wlio i|inu'rel with each otlicr, stand upon dignity,
and make distinction in rank lietween gentry and
mcroliants, wlmlesalc and retail dealers, .and such kind
of •' genteel " nonsense. ( )!' rourse there is a racecourse,
and there are two roads, and the watering-place once
used to he called Chuckee, liut it is now known as
Stanley, — tlie jilace where the Chinese, who did not
know what they were going to do, tried to steal Mr.
Chisholni Anstey. There are bari-iick.s, where the
Soldiers cannot live; and a prison, which is so overrun
with rats, that the poorer (.'hinese consider it a (iivour
to he sent there. The cluh-house is ni st creditable to
the place, and tlie stranger, not caring for the hotel, is
very comfortably off if introduced by one of Iiis friends
wild may be a member. A good library, and all the
Knglisli pei'iodicals are on the table and in the book-
case; while good chow-chow, — which means food and
all a man can want. — good attendance, and guod b ■(!.<,
eanbehad foraboutfiftcen shillings a-day ; but, in China,
most gentlemen are iuimediatt^y taken pos.session of i
by those who in. ly be known to thein.and thon their house
is your Imnie, aceordnig to the established usage of the
l.ind. The first thing that strikes the stranger is tlw ,
busy, untiring iinliistry iif the Chinese in their little
.■-hups. Women and men, and siimetiMies even little
children', are hard at work, making combs, trunks, or
shoes, some chopping up meat, others aiTanging their
vegetables for >.ile.- Here a party of masons erecting
a bamboo stage, and there a chain gang of convicts,
a.scending the hill under a soldier's bayonet ; coolies
carrying water, an enormous load ; seilau eliairs
Imrne by two or four ; boys hawking about candies
and sweetmeats : I" atmen and liou.se serv.ints, comitig
and going, all dressed in that [lecilliar national
blue, wide trowsers and butcher jackets and their
long tails either wound alMUit their head or trailing
' III Cliiiia, till' I'liililri'ii l«'f.'iii tci vvi.rk vfrv ™r!v iilnicist Inn
yiiiiiL'; tlii'V p't siMimis Miiil scdiile, iiic hiiiiiIi'i !' Ilv iilil t'.isliiniii'il,
iiml think tnr Uit'iiisflvt's vrrv simxi. Thnu-jli tluTc is;:ri':it respect
hliottii In nlil iij.'i', javi'iiili's iiri- not siiiiIiIk'iI (iir lii'int' |iri'c einiis,
(111 the cniitrarv, tiio litth> fi'ilnws iiiiiy nl'tcn he niiticrd giviiiij
tlii'ir iipiiiiniis trcelv iH-lnrc ihi'ir eliliT^.
Tlie tirsi thiiijr :i chikl limf.'.< tiir i* :i sii])oik (a enhi nl'alinu' the
lOtli of H fill tiling) ; the- lirst use it iimla'S nf il.s spirch iinil inli'l-
liiri'iice Is t(i li'iirii to .irtiiiiliito tlic iiiimos nl cuius. When i.is
liitli' tiiipora lire hin eiioii^fli In hnhl the pencil, it is with niakiiii.; i
tijiures that lie aiimses hiiiisi'll, iiiid as snnn as the tiny ereaturo
call see anil walk, he is cupalile nf Imviii}; ami selliii);. Ill ( liiiia
ynii iieeil never tear scntlni;: a clillil to ii.akr a piirelmse ; ynii may
rely iipnn it he will imt allow hiniself to lie elieatid. Kveii the
piims, ai which tlu- little ('l.iiie.»e play, are always iinpref^imlcd
with this iiiircaiitile spirit ; they aiiiiii-e themselves with heeplii),' i
»linps, ami opening little pawnlirokei's e-talMishineiils, am) faiiii-
liaiisi' theiiisclvis thii* witli the j.irgoii, the tricks, ami the frauds i
of Iradesineii. I
* The Cliinew' grnw a caMiage expressly for its oil and 8CC<1. |
Till' Jti-(issu-fi x'HfHxiit Is lis lioi.inii'al name. It oii^rht to he ,
lired ill the ofit^n ,ur h\ Kiigil>li tarniers. It proniiies flower j
.^teins, time or fiiiir feci liiiili (Just as our cahliace,) with yellow ;
Howers and long )hhIs. In .April, when the ticMs arc in bliMim,
the whole country .se*'m.'» tinged with gold, ami al'icr a shower of
rain, the friigrmice emitted Is di lieioii . The seeds are ri[ie in
May, when they areclealicti ami pressed. There is a great ilenmml
lor the oil, the refiis<> Is used as m ■cake, or broken up as a umiiure,
wiiich u highly idtKnlHgeuus to tlie land.
down hchind^ The streets of Hong Kong offer •
thousand lellections to tho.se who have never been
brought in contact with the Celestial nice.
There are drawbacks : the (/'hine.se are not of the
most respectable classes ; the summers are hot ; the
town of Victoria is not the most healthy in the world;
but there never was a colony established without some
sai'ritices. rerseverance is an especial British character-
istic, and nmnifold precautions and sanitary measures
are being taken to diminish the amount of sickness.
There are grievances of a more amusing character,
and which take strangers aback on arrival. The fii-st
is the .sy.stein of transport, which is by |ialaiiipiin.
Chinese porters, especially in Hong-Kong, are by no
means so tractable as lliiidoos ; and it has happened
that a gentleman invited to dine at (lovernmeut House,
has, through their pig-tail obstinacy, been too late for
the re| last Again, it is customary in Hong-Kong that
guests should take their " boy " with them, and certain
members of the French emba.ssy declare that, not being
provided with a young (.'hinese fresh from the barbel's,
with his tail gracefully twisted and a long white robe,
they ran great risk of perishing from hunger and thirst
at a table sjiread with every imiiginary delicacy.
The bazaars, the curiosity shops, and the studios of
the native artists are among the lions of Hong-Kong;
but the .sing-songs, which might be mistaken for an
Knglishisin.ortheatrical representations, which are given
by wealthy ('hinese inercliaiits, cany the day. The stage
is a great platform of bamboos, and the crowd is inces-
santly un the move, going anil coming, for the repre-
.sentation begins at eight in the morning and lasts till
eight at night, without a place remaiiiing in want
ot a .spectator Heroes of all descri]ition,s, genii,
demon.s, and god.s, have their turn on the stage, and
engage in filniloiis combat.s. Nothing can surpass
the pantomime of the Chinese actors, or the lii.xnry of
their costumes. They are glittering with silk and
gold. Women never a]i])ear on the stage in the
Middle Empire ; their parts are taken by young
Chinese. But the voices of the jierfiirmers are so like
shrieking, and the music is so noisy, that after a short
time Knropean spectators generally have (piite enough
of it, and get away as soon as manners will permit.
Then there is the Happy Valley, where the turf is
rolled every day, eiiuestrians take their exercise, and
the races aie held. Tlu! name of the jilace is said,
comically enough by a traveller totally ignorant of the
Chinese language, to have leen given to it from its
being situated amid.st burial groiind.s, and a I'arsee
eemelerv or cliariiel house, where bodies are burned.
The Chiiiesi' eeiuet 'r^Hs decorated with upright stones,
■' The tail of a Chinainan is not alittletuft on the crow ii ofthe
head, hut is 'nruieil hy hair siitVered tn grow luxuriantly in a inass
at least four inelies in diiiiiieter. The hair Is smiHithed down, and
the tail, plaited from it, licgius at the iia|ie ofthe neck, and hangs
1m.'1ow the waist, often to tlic ankles, and laliourlu'^' men while at
work generally hiive it wrapped round the head.
♦ The more wealthy iiulividuals oltcii coiivey their dead a con-
sideralile distaiiie, and employ a kind of fortiine-leUer, whose duty
it Is to find out the most appropriate resting place. This man
goes with the c irpse to the place appointed, and, of course, pre-
tends to he very wise In the si'lecti in of the spot, as well as In
the choice of the soil with which the ashes ot the dead are to
iiiiiiglu in after years ; ami, u|kiii trial, should the earth appear
unsuitable, he Inimedlately onlers the iir(x:esslon off to another
jilace In the neighliourhoiHl, where he cxjiccts to be more success-
ful. " I lielieve," says Mr. Fori une, " many of I he t'Uiiiesc have
this |ioint .settled lielorf they ille ; for one day wh. n one nf oi;-
priuci|Mil ft'.rrchants went to call on old 11 iwi|ua the late Hung
CHINA. COCHIN CHINA. AND JAPAN.
01
planted amid rocks and pinos, with a bencli for tlie | and purple flowers of tin- ^m/cr.v<iwmja nrc us ooiiiinon
ghoNt of the (Ifpartt'd to ri'st upon ofcasionallv, and ^ in tlie low grounds as liawthorns Mr with us. The
silver and tissue i)a))er seiittercd about to ik'Leive searlet hi'uds of lil join of the lieautiful Ijitiii riiccineii
nialignanl spirits. These, teniiiled liy the glitter, and arc (lowering in )>icifusion in the elefts ot the rocks,
tliinking they art money, sto|) to piek them up, and The ravines are full of fern.s, and the elegant lilac hell
thu.s give time to the gho.sts tliat are out for an airing, ' (lowers of the Chirota niiieiistH peep out \ind<r the ne>t
to get back into their graves. The ("hine.se, who are j rocks. Up in the mountains, high up in the hill,
sueh adepts in cheating r.uroj)eans, fancy that they can ' valleys — (ifti'cu hundred feet above the .sea — you all
even deceive the bad spirits. | kiu)w the azalea and its girgeous striking beaiitv,
The Chinese have, it is well known, a national | here tliey spring wild in musses of dazzling biight-
idio.syncracy forgetting rid of a red\in(hint population. ^ ness, with myrtles, dahlias, wild ro.se.s, hoiu<ysiickles, and
The Sisters of St. I'.iul have, much to their credit, the W//c/./<' sinensis hanging its flowering branches in
founded an establishment at Hong-Kong for succour- graceful fa-hion along the niuuntain path,
ing children unnaturally abaniloned by their panuits, | Everything here comes from tlu^ niainlund. and the
aiul they bring them up to useful occupations.
If the future traveller wishes to diia^ as we did, in
Chinese stylo, there are no want of restaurants. He
(yhine.se Mandarins tlieieby hold a kind of power over
their own people; but one of them in the late war having
nds used it thev resisted anil drove him o(f to the other
may there, by the aid of chop-.sticks, make a very i .shore. Now that they understand them.selves to be
satisfactory rejiast oft" eggs a year old, preserved in clay, ! subjects of t^ueen Victoria, they go on very dif-
ferently; indeed, your Chinaman is never .so great
snarks' tins and ra<lishes, jiared and boiled into a. thick
souji, h4che de mcr, or sea sings, shrimps made tip into
a ])aste with ,sea-chesnuta, bamboo roots, and garlic,
rendered ))i(iuant by the addition of soy and sundry
other pickles and condiments, and washed down with
waiin samshu in minute
all on the smallest pos>il)
as when following an e.\ain|ile,- Give him the best
model and he will imitate it<'.\actly ; show him roguery
ami c\iiniiiig and he will beat you at the game.
Industrial arts and mechanical science are what are
U|is. I)islies and ])lales are ] wanted in China. The men who have heretofore vi.sit-
scale, and pieces of s(piare ed them have not been of a character to teach any ]ieopl(,'
lirdwn paper (nuide of silk, an article not used for that i much that is good. They liave bought, ami s(dd, and
purpose in England) -erve the purpose of napkins.' j smugjtled, ami tliey have clie:ite<l, and lied and bullied,
A walk in Hong Kong soon shows you why China , mulually. It is time that both parties came to a better
is called the Central Flowery Land. The i-ed, white, , umlerstanding.
iiiiTcli'iit lit t'lniton, a tniy w:is liruaglit iiiti) the n«ini with
scvcnil kinds (if eiutli up(in it, whicli tlie olil uiun ixmniiieil with
uMuiit care, and then flxed oa tliu one ia wliich la' wished to be
l.inied,"
' It is certain, hiiwi'ver, tli:it a real Chinese dinner wnidd lie
very odil in the eyes of ii striiiijier, espeeiully if he was one of tlmse
who think, iis some ]iio|ile ihi, lliat there is only one way oi living
I'll licjiin dinner with lln' di^seit iimi end it with the soup; t"
clrink the wine snioKiod hot out of the little ehiii;. eups ; uiui to
liave your food lin)..|^hl |p you ready cut up into small [lieees, and
presented with a eiin|ile ol sticks instead of a knife ami loik to
lat it with ; to have, instead ol' naiikins, a provision of lillle l.ils
ni' coloured silk paper hy the side of your jilate, whieh, as you use,
the attendants carry oil'; to leave your places bel«i en the courses
lo smoke or amuse youisilf; and to raise y(Mirehop-stiek'< liorizon-
tally upon vour eup tosijfuii'y th.it you have tiuished jour dinner.
.\11 these things Honlil, douhtle-s, seem very odd. and create the
curiosity of Kuropcins. The t'liiuese, on the other liand, ca;i
never get over thiir surprise at our nay of dining. They ask
how one ran like to drink cold fluids, and what can have jnit it
into our heads to use a trident to c.irry food to our mouths at the
risk of pricking our lips or pint ini; our eyes out. They think it very
droll to see nuts put on the talile ill their shells, and ask why our
servants euiinot take the trouble to peel the fruit, and take the
liiines out of the meat. Tiny are tlieui.selves certainly not very
dillii'ult in the nature of their food, and like such things as friid
silk-W'orma and preserved lurvu', but they cannot understand the
predilection of our epicures for high game, or for cheese that
seems to belong to the cla.ss of uniumted lieiugs.
One day at Macao, we had the hoimur to Iw seated at thedinmr
lahleof a representative of a Kuro|>i'an power, when a inagniticent
dish of snipes was brought in lial what a disappointment ! The
Chinese Vatel had taken out the entrails of tliis incomparable
bird. !!e knew not what a perfume and suvoory treasure
the snipe liolds ill the stomach. 'Ihe ciMik was forced to ap)ieMr
liefore the arbiters of taste, who received bini with wnithful lo ks.
and the delin<|ueiit was struck with eonsteniali m, on hcariii'.'
that he had committed a culinary crime, too heavy to be a seismd
time ))iirdi>ned. Hoping to make amends, the uufortnimte cook,
a few days afterwards, look care to serve up, in all their integrity,
some birds that were not snipes, and theieupon a new storm of
wrath fell on the devoted head of the piKir Chinese, and was
followed by his dismissal, in a state of utter de8])air, that he
should never )io able to exercise his art in a inuntier conformable
to the astonndingly cnpr clous tastes of Kurupeans.
II.— MACAO,
We leave Hong-Kong as ipiickly as ;i. V man
shoulil do, who has no business to Icep him
tliei'i-, anil taking the steamer it pleasant \iyage ot
thirty miles, the last four of which is through sluillow
Wiitef, arrive at the I'l'iiya Ciaiide, the i elelifjited jiiome-
nade and landing place (.seep. y7j,tii the i|iiiiiiit old settle-
ment of the early I'ortugitese kings. M;iiao. This voy-
age, short ius it i.s, iind through a narrow sea, :is crowded
as the Thames, was not until the present year secure
from disorderly, roving bands of Cliine.se .seame'i and
boatmen, who organise them.selves into fleets as pirates,
iiiid way-lay vessels, not even exce])ting the passage
steam- boiits, one of which. •■The yueen,"ii will be leii.em-
bered that they captured, and murdered all the foreign
piLssengers.'*
* There are fevs- things your Chinaman cannot do ns well as an
Knu'lisluncn or a Yankee. For several years many Chinese have
bieii empluyed in steam boats as deputy engineers and stokers,
their skill, sobriety and earefnhiess areexemphiiy. In men-of-war
steamers the empliiymcnt of them ns iiremcn and supei muneriiry
stokers, whih iniiig within the Tropics, or onllieiast side of the
CapcoftJiKHl Ho|H> would be desirahle. They iireu-nod sailors always,
mid in the last war, " f he Hamlioo Kifle ' or "Coolie frans|Hirt
Service," deserved mention from Lord Klgiii. .*s ship carpenters,
it would Ik- difllcult to tind better winl-inen, iUid lately some who
have lH>en employed in setling np iron ^te oner-, s| eedily learnt to
perfection the art of rivettin^, unili r the giii. lance of a clever
eiiiriiuHT, si'iit out hy Messrs. K. St'pheiison \ Co.
' We were not lui-ky enough to liave a brush with the pirates
ourselves ; but Mr. Kurt tine has given us a good account of what
befel himself on bis way in a Chinese junk from tlieKow clioo-loo,
by the mouth of the .Mm river to Chnsan. " Almiit four o'clock
Ol the iiflerniion, ami when we were some fifty or sixty miles fnin
the Mill, the captain and pilot came hurriedly down to my Ciibia
and informed me that the\ saw a nutnlier of_;'«H-i/oi(s«right ahead,
lying iu wait lor ua. 1 ridiculed the idea, u'al told theui they
i'
f
m
-
98
ALL ROUKD TJliS WORLD.
PABODA AT WHAUPOA.
The first tiling a European landing at Macao in
olden times did, was to go and see the Chinese Pagoda '
at the Rocka. (See page 96.) lie could wend his way '
there and lack in a tanka, or native boat, or he could
stroll there \>y the sea-side. Now we can visit pasruliia
of far mure imposing aspect and dimensions; nay, wo
imagined every junk they siiw to be n pirate; but tliey still niiiin- |
taiiie<l that they \ver« so, and I thoretore considered it prndiiit to
lie prepared for the worst. I pot out of bed, ill and feverish a.s I
wa.-i, and carefully examined my lire-iirins, iliarini: the nipples of
my gun and pistols, and putting on fresli caps. I also rammed
down a ball upon the top of each cliarL'e of snot in my pini, and
put a pistol in side |)<Kkil, and patieiitl;. wailed for the result.
By the aid of a small jKukel telesco])e, I coulil see, as the ninrest
junk approached, that her deck was crowded with men. I then
had no longer any doubts n^gardiii^r their intentions. The pilot,
an intelligent old man, now came up to nii', unil saiil tliut he
thought resistance wxsof no use ; I niiirlit niana;.'e to beat olVone
)Ui)k,orcven two, but that I li:i<l no chance with five of them
Keing at that time in no moiul to take advice, or to he dictated to
hy any one, I ordered hon oil' to liBik alter hii own duty. 1
knew perfectly well that if we were taken by the ji rates I had
not tlie slightest chauce ut esvai>e, for the lirst thing tiny would
do would be to knock me on the head and throw nie ovcrlxiai'd, is
they wiinid deem it (laniierous to theinsi'lves were 1 to i;et away
At the same time 1 inns' conlcss I liad little hope of being anlet.)
beat olV such a number, and devoutly wished myself .mywliere
rather than where 1 was.
" 'I'he scene around me was a strince one. The captain, pilot,
and one or twti native p;issenirers were taking up the boards of
the c.d)iiilloor and putting their money and oilier v.iluahles out
of siirht amonu'st the ballast. The coninion sailors, too, had their
copper cash or l\iin to hide; and the whole phiee was in a
slate nl hustle and conl'iision. When all their more valuable
])ropcrty was hidden, they began to make soire prejnirations
i'or delenec. Haskets of small stones were brought up from
the bold, and emptied out on the most convenient parts of
the deck, and were inteiiihil to be useil instead of (ire-arms when
I the pirate came to close quarters. 'I'his is a common iiaHle of
' defence in various parts ot China, and is elfcctual enough when tlu
CHIKA. COCHIN CIIIN^. AND JAPAN.
HONS IONS.
even nioet one ttiut tlu' yiu'itusscs it on his wny —
till- great Paj^oda "f Siiiga])int'. lint if tlie tcinjilo of
Macao is jioor iuul liadly kept, its iiositiou is highly
enemy liiis only similiir wiapons to biinsr n;.'ainst tliwn; but on
the coast of Fo-kieii, wliere we wore ncnv, all tlie pirate junks
carried guns, and, conseijuently, a wliole deck-load of stones
could be of very little use ui,'ainst tlieni.
" During the general Imslle I missed my own servant for o short
time. Wlien he returned to uie, ho had niaile siieh a change in
his a|ipcanincc that 1 did not recognise him. lie was literally
clothed in rags, which ho had burrowed from the sailors, all of
whom had also pnt on their worst cloilus. When I asked him
the reason of this chaige in the oulward man, he told mo the
pirates only made those iirisoners who had money, and were
likely to i)ay haiulsomely for their ransom, and lliat they woidd
net think it worth their while to lay hold of a man in rags,
"1 Hius surrounded by several of the crew, who niiglit well he
called ' I oh's comforters,' some suggesting one thing and some
another, and many proposed that we should hrii! ; the jnnk
Tunnd and run back to the Min. The nearest pirate was now
within 200 or 300 yards of us, ami, inii t ing her helm down, gave
us a broadside from her guns. All was now dismay ami con-
sternation on h )ard our jinik, as every man ran below except
two, who were at the helm. 1 expceled every moment tiiat these
also would leave their post ; and then we should have been an
easy prey to the pirates.
"' My gun is nearer you than those of the /an-i/oHs,' said I to
the two men ; ' and if you move from the luhn, de)ien<l upim it I
will shoot yon.' The p(M)r fellows looked very uncomfortable,
but 1 suppose thought they ha<l better stanil the tire of the jiirates
than mine, and kc|)t at their post ; large boards, heaps of old
clothes, masts, and things of that sort which were at hand, were
thrown up to protect us from the shot ; and as we had every
Btitch of s» ' set, and a fiur wind, we were going through the
picttiresquc. The inner liainotn-, with its legion of
junks iinil tanka.s, lies at its feet ; above it are huge
blocks of granite, and secular trees, wliose vigorcnis
water at the rate of seven or eight miles an hour. The shot fnan
the iiirati's fell considerably short of us, and I was thereliirc
enabled to form an opinion of the range and power of their guns,
which was of .some use to me.
" .\ssistanc>e from our cowardly crew was quite out of the
(|nestion; for there was not a man amongst them brave enough
to nsi! the stones which had been brought on deck, and which,
perhaps, miglit have been of son.e little use when the pirates
came nc.irer. The fair wind, and all the i)ress of sail we had
crowded on the jnnk, proved of no u^i; ; for our pursuers, who hail
much tiister sniling vessels, were giiiniiig rapidly u)iiin us. Again
the nearest jiirale fu'Cil upon us. I'hc shot. Ibis time, fell just
umlcr I nr stern, i still reuniincd ipnet, as I had determined
not to lire a simile shot imtil I was ipiite certain my gun would
take ell'cct. The third shot whicli followed this came whizzing
over oar heads and through the sails, without, however, wounding
either the nun at the wheel, or myself.
"The pirates now seemed ipiite sure of their prize, and came
down upon us, booting and yelling like demons, at the same time
loading their gnus, and evidently determined not to spare their
shot. This was a mmnent of intense anxiety. The plan which I
had formed fioin the first was now nbimt to he put to the proof;
and if the pirates were not the cowards which 1 believed them to
he, nothing could save us from falling into their bauds. Their
fearlul yells seem to be ringing in my ears even now, after this
lapse of time, and when 1 am on the other side of the globe.
" The nearest jnnk was now within thirty yards of ours; their
guns were now hiaded and I knew that the next discharge would
completely rake our decks. ' Now,* said I to our helmsinan,
' Keep your eye fixed on me, and the moment you see me fall flat
on the (leek you must do the same, or you will he shot. ' I knew
pp
1
94
ALL RUUMD TUK WORLD.
IMc)i« liistcii ill thn crrviros ; wlii'c close liy iiri' kinslcH
ami little cinitories in limioiir of inrerior <liviiiities.
On tliu |iiii'tii'ii is a ){i'eat jiiiik jiaiiitecl in reil, and
there is an iiiseiijitiiiii in ( 'liiiiese on iIh' neiglilioiirin^'
I'oek.
The iiir of res|iec'tal)le aiiti(|uity ju'esented liy the old
Portngne.si' fietllrinent of Macao is reficshinjj after the
ptii'niiii chiiruclrr with which its ostentations iiiaynili
ccMce invests llonjj-Koiig. 'I"he naiicjw streets and
^r.iss j;iown jilazas, the hanilsoine facade of the lint^ olil
catheclral ciiiinlilini; to decay, the shady walks aiicl cool
j.'rottoes, once the haui:ts ot the l'ortiij;iiese Jioet, his
tiiiii), anrl the view ti'oiii it, all coinliine to jirodiice a
soothiii;; and trani(nilisini.' ellei t.
Hon^ Konjj repieseiits the eoinniercial and iioliticiil
iiiovement of the present ; JMacao is the city of calm
a'lil of the Jiast. The time is gone hy when the iiitre-
piil ['(a-tuynese iiax i;j;ators domiiiateil in these seas.
T.ieir de;,'eiiei'ate descendants are now reduced, in order
to olitain a liveliliood, to seek for ein|iloyiiient in thi'
j;reat Knglish or American houses. The hrinht day for
rortnj;al is jjone hy, and tickle fortune rallies under
other standards. It the cohmy passes liy i-haiice into
the liunds of a man of genius like Amaral, he is as.sji.ssi-
iiated hy the eniis.sjiries ol the nianilarins ; and if the
Court of l.ishon. lent upon avciijjiny the ontraue. de-
spatches its he.st t'ligale to the Chinese .seas, it is Mown
up in the very harhour of Macao Ip\ a icpioliate who
gluts his vengeful fury for a .-light punishment hy the
dcstru<'lion of 3(1(1 of 1ms couiilryinen !
Ainarul, a captain in the I'ortugue.se iiavv, hail dis-
l hat the pirate, wliit \v:is iH>\v oil ear stern, cnultl iKit lirin^ \iU
L'liiis to l)i'nr ti|»ii)' lis without ]iut'ii)^ his hi'hii down iind brin^-
hiir liis ^uiig"iiv lit ri^ht iuil'Ic.s with our sti'Mi, iLs liis mins wiTi'
lircil tnini the ^unjfHiiy. I Ihcieliire kept ii shur|i I'ye upon liis
lii'iiiKiiiiin, luiil the iiionii III I siw liiiii putting' the hehii ilnvvn I
onhTcd our stiiT-iiii a to lull Hut iipon their (iut3 U'liiiid .some
wuikI, and at the sa'iie luoiuent did so niysi'lf. We iiiid seareely
done so when I an^', Ii:iiil', Wfiit Iheir ^niis, iind the shot eaaie
whiz/in;; ehw our im, s)iliiiteriii^' the wmul iiliout un in ull
direelioiis Forlainii. !y mine ol us were struck. ' Now, M ;
now ihey are ipiile < ln.se eiioii(.'li,' eiied out my eoiupunions, who
did liOt wish to liuve anolher hroiuUiile like the hist. I beinjf of
the diiine rpinion, raised myself abme the liij;h stem of nor Junk,
and while the iiii-ites wire not more than twenty yards Iroai us, '
liiKitiuj; and yeilintr. I raked their iheks, fore and alY, with shot
and hall friin n y doulile-lmrelleil (.'iin.
" Had a thunderliolt laden amon^'st tlieni they oould not have
liien lauch more surprisi'd; duuhtless many were wouiiiled, and
jjroliably some killed.
"At all events, the whole of the crew, mil fewir than forty or
lifty men, who a moment helorecrnwded the deck, disa]ijH>ared in
a marvellous inaniicr Aiioilur was now U-ariii); down n|i<iii us
as holilly as his com|Naiiun liiul done, and eomnieneed liiiiij; in the
same manner. Having- been so suecesstHil w ith the lirst, 1 deter- I
mined to fViltow the same plan with this one, and to ]iay no atten- |
lion to bis tiring until he should come to close ({uarters. The plot I
now began to tbickrn; for tlie lirst junk bad gathered way again, ]
and was following in onr wake, althciii;;h keipiiig iil a respectful '
distiinei", and three others, although still further distant, were
making lor the scene of action as fast as they could. In the
nu'iiiitinie, llie second wis almost alongside, ami eoiitinued raking
our decks in a steady manner with their guns. Watching their
helm us before, we sheltered ourselves as well as we eouhl ; at the
same time, my two fellows, who were steering, kept begging and
prnying that i would lire into our pursuers as soon as possibh',
er we slionld he all killed. As coon as they came within twenty
or thirty yards ul' us, I gave tlieiii the contents of both barrels,
raking their decks as iHl'ore. This lime t!ie helmsman fell, and
douMless several others were wounded. in u minute or two, 1
eouhl see nothing but beards and shields wliicb were liehl up by
the iiinites to protect themselves from my tiring; their junk went
up into the wind lor want uta helmsnmn, and was suon left soine
distance iM'biud un.**
I played so much energy and ahility as rjovenior of Macao
as to have dniwn upon hiniHilf the most malevolent
feelings of a rejirohate race of people »,a\ mandarins,
lie had defeateil orgaiii/ed hands of rolihers on .severul
oeeasioiis, and visited piracy with condign punishment,
A price had in eon.sei|Uence heeii .set upon his head ; hut
the lii'ave old captain, who had lost one arm in the ser
vice of his country, disdained to take any precaiition.s,
Kvery evening he used to ride out, acinuipanicd only hy
his aidu-de-eamp, and with only a hrace of ]iistiils in his
holsters. On the l':.'nd of August, 1811), he was retu:ii
inj^ from his usual ride at sunset, whi'ii ii nuinher oj
< 'hiliese suddenly presented themselves to olistruct his
progress A einld. who eariieil a I ami oo, to the ex-
tremity of \\hich It a; jieand as it a boiiipii t had heen
attached, moved oiil from the crowd towards the (iover
nor. Amaral, thinkinj^ tint he cmue to pri sent a
|elitioii, wasalioul lo Btuup^wheii he telt himself struck
violently on the (iice. " Mmilu" liu-cal ! he exclaimed,
and jiushed his horse oil as if to punish liis assailant.
r>ut at the .same moineiit si.\ men rushed upon him,
whilst two others attacked his aide de-camp. The
assassins drew from heiii'ath their garments their long,
straight, and not wry sharp swords, generally ii.sed liy
the Chinese, ami lepeati'dly struck the governor with
these upon his only arm. Taking the luidlc in his teeth,
Aimiral made vain etforts toget al his pi.-tols. .\Uaeked
(III all siiles and eovi'ied with wounds. I e was soon
struck down lioin his horse, when his muideieis, throw-
ing themselves ii|ioti him, tore otf Ins head lather than
cut it oil' and added to their horrid liophy the only
hand that reiuained. This accomplished, they lied into
the interior; the Chinese .soldiers, who were on duty at
the town gati's dose liy, witnessing the tragedy, with-
out comie.scending to interfere. In the meantime the
terrilied horse had galloped into the to» n without ii
muster ; the tiist who saw it felt that an accident had
happened and hastened towards the gate, hut on their
Way they were met hy the aide-de ealii|i. who had only
received some blight wounds, and \\ hose torn haliiliments
and e.xjiression ol horror told too plainly of the sad
event, which was soon eontiiliud hy the discovery of
the unfortunate old (ii viriior's miitilaled remains.
1'hc neighlii.urhood of Hong Kong takes from Macao
almost all its advanlagcs as a free port ; add to vshich,
the sea is daily invading its haihour, as it does the
wluile of the right shore of the Canton river. Vessels
of coiisidi'ialile tonmige are ohliged to anchor ii luile
or tw'.i i'rom the harhonr. and only small gunboats can
lay otl' the quay of I'raya-Ciraiide,
Nevertheless, Macao, notwithstanding its decline, is
not wanting in elaiuisto interest — the claims of meinory
more especially. This town was, tiir a long Jierioil of
time, the sole ceiitn? ot the relations of Kiiropeans
withtheChiiie.se. Caiuoens, Niint Francois Xavier,
and other great men, have lived there. Its churches,
its convents, its piihlic monumeiit.s, dark with age,
att<'st of splendour long gone hy.
The garden of Caiuoens is in the ; le.senl day private
]iroperty ; it helongs to a rortiiguesi. gei.tlenian of the
name of Marc|Ue.s, who allows strange s to saunter he
noath shady recesses so lare in China. Within this
garden is the celehmitcd grotto where the jioet is said
ti) have in main part composed his " l.usiad. ' Quota-
tions from that immortal epic are now cut into the
luarhle, and what is more delightful to Kreiich visitors,
some Ciallic verses in honour of the poet and the
locality. The inner jwrt can be contemplated from a
f
1
m
, r
II
II'
m
( :
llijl
1
III
1
m
1
■
1
f '
1
1
1
i ■
1;
1
1
1 1
i'f
if
:[i
I
a w w wfi. »
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN
99
♦i-rmro in tliin jiiinli-ii iis from tlip Pnncid ■. of Tlorks, liut I tliomsrlvos ■wilii any poriniuiPiit, ongagementu witli the
ntlior Rt'x, Imt live sololy in iin'l with tiu-ir Imats,
slicltcrcil frniii tlip luiiiiiiii; lic'iits (if till- sun jukI tim
seven. ii's (if winter iilikc 1(V llie eircnl:ir ruiif (if bum
li(it> «() f,>rM|iiii( !illy (le|iicleil lie;i'. A few nmveiilili!
Iioiirils Oliver in the (lnytiine the licii (in whicli they
repdse ; tlie (ire ihwtin(Ml tn endk llieir frni;:il re|iii.st.
s|i:irklos wi-M- the ]>(iii|i; <;n 'iy sealeil im the mat nf
rattan, and with tho (|iiict (Hct nf u )irif(ici<ius man-
wit li a less ii|i|ire.ssi\e iKiise, tiie slmutsiif t 'lo tankaderes,
(irhdiitmen andhoatwumen.anii Icrrilile fjunj,''*, lieard sd
11 .^idiKMisiy lieateii to drive away the evil spirits fnim
a Junk al«uil to |ir;>ceed (in its jdurney, eomo hero
sdftened hy distance.
'J'he I'arsces have a cemetery th it rises in successive
steps (ir terraces a'loxt^ the sea; au'! lliis. with the little
l'drlii;;uese fdi'ts, liuilt like ea;;les' nests, the Sdcalled
(iieen Island, the nar' (iw strip that encircles .Macao to liood, the cupper coloiireil ni'cliins w,nt tn siU'me fdr
the main island, and the wide extent of the (Jelestial the anticipttvd jihiti^ (if rice, whilst the prdtectin;;
Umpire lieycnd, fill up a picture that is not eiusily f^cnii, secreted in a more oliscure iiirner, art not fur-
fiirj^dtten liy thdso who liavi! iiuee seen it. jjdtlen, hut have their daily allowance, the incense of
We wandered aliiiut this splendid relic of >»aietv and sticks, and perfume of sam chu.
'vealtli, UdW a di.sjdinteil Cdllecticn df deserted palaces, 'Plieso tankis p..-iitivcly swarm in the waters (^t the
ha^Ij^ard liiiat women, unly dames if I 'ortu^ucse descent, miich-friMpientcd h irlidurs df llon^ Kdiif; and Mac.id.
\\ it h handkerchiefs pinned dver the!"' faces, lonij narrow .Audit is nut aii easy maiter for a stranj;er to know
alley.s. decaying churches, walks. ■ -.nL's, j^ardens, forts,
all ciirroded hy time. Kimiu the topiifa ijre.at stdue
arlidur. in the did palace ;,Mrd(Mi, we had a tine view df
the did town and hoth hari. nil's, the inner and the
outer. \V(' eaim^ hack t'"diii;li the Chinese tnwii,
where, with restless activi* ■, mechanics were wurkiii.;
at their respective trades I'hdpmeii were dniliL; a
thriving Imsiness, while harliers never Were Imsier — ■
and ydiir liarher is an important pei"son.ii;e here, as
elsewhere, as such a mall needs inii.st lie where every
man has his lie.id shaved twice a week. No Chinaman
ii.ses anvthini; hut hot w.iter; his razor isoiilvtwo iiiches
liiiw to select one; for if tin; toutevs aid lioatmrn ol
Iv.irope are sduietinie... nuisy and impdrluiiate, the
gipsy lioat women of C'lina are a thousand times more
.Sd. And i'' any hesitatidii is inanifesied. they will
c.irry the hippy party dif hodily to the shelter df their
liamlioo and rattan canopy. Hut neillier iankas nor
tiinkaderes are met with in the north of China: they
helong especially to the river of Caiitdii.' The son f^i
a tankadere cannot hecome a inanlaiin ; if, disguising
his (irigiii, oik; kiicIi slioiild succeed in pa.ssing his
examinations, and ohtain the Miie glolmle, and then
his origin should he discovered, lie would he ininie
long, liy an inch wide, which is sold for twopi'iuc. and diately degraded.
the strop a piece of sto'.ii cilleo, niav tie liiid tiir .-
penny. See icre tin- .h.iIIow Chiii.;Man. stretched a'
full lergtli ill ail ea.sy chair, is eiij lyiiig his shanipooiiig
and pomnielliii/s. Shaving the head costs half a
tarthing, yet tin i- are seven thousand harhers in the
city of Canton only. To which city wi? will now go,
:>toaining on as fast a-s the crowd of hoats will let u.s.
111. — UP TIIK CANTON HTVKIt.
The tankas (wv ]>. 8S)), or wherries of the Canton
river, constitute one of the cascntial teatures of its
water.s. It is well known what a variety, what a
niimher, and what goigcoiisne.ss of display every great
Chinese river, canal, or jm' t, , xhiiiits in its junks and
lioats of various descriptiiais. Yet do none of these
strike the stranger more fi rcildy than do at tirst the
humhle tanka, and its still more hiimlile ami indus-
trious yi^t lively occiip.ints — the ''J ii/fiiit>i;i hut, /ii'ri.i,"
or "happy lioatwoineii," as a Frenchuian c.ills t'lein.
The tanka is a Hliiall Imat, almost as wide a.s long, and
dill'eriiig therein much froiii the sharp and iian'ow
c.inoes of the .Malays. The crew generally consists of
an elderly woman, who sits or stands at the stern,
rotating with a vigorous and experienec(l arm the long
oar wliicli is the great pi'o|ieller of .''i hoats in the
Celestial Kinpire. There is also a vcunger woman,
who, seated at the hows. swt>eps th, waters far more
lightly, and with less eirect, with liie Mat of her oar.
Not unl'ii'ipienlly one or two urchins, as represented
in our illustration '»<•>• p. 8lt), help to give animation
to this hoat scene. Hut where, wi- might ask, are the
father and graiidfather. for the urchins an- nianifestlv
TheshajH! of the lioats tell of the diH'ercnt distlicis
from which tlie\ come; thus, from Kiaiigsoo, wlieic
there is little hut water travelling, as in llollaiid of old
the hoats, which pass through a net work of large
eaniil.s, are roomy and wide, atl'ording i v< ry convenience,
a< if you were in a house. In Cln h Kiaiig, where are
the coal iiiiiies, the hoats are narrow and tiat sided, as
in Stalli'i-dshire, to push easily thinngli ilie narrow
slui(MS ; in Fo kieu they have mat .suls and an iinnieiise
plank out at the stern, which nets as a rudder to a>si>t
the hclmsinau in working his lioat (piiikly through the
rapids; and the Kwaiisi hoats liaM' long .iiid Hat hows
at an angle of ^'> degrees fnmi the f'oor, that the hoats
may not rush under the water in ra|iiilly passing down
the sluict^s.
A child overhoard ! Ohserve the huhhuli Thelittle
amphihious yellow thing has a gduid attached to it as
a lite prc'server ; it is (piitesali'; see the mother has
pickeil it up and hushes it on her liosom Are these
ihi^ people with whom infanticide is universal ( There
must he some mistake Yet that horiililc story ofthe
Tower near Shaiigh.ii ! Let us give the (,'hinese
women, poor illiised rreatiires. the hcnelit of the
doulit. They do .sell their children, weknow: perhaps
they may not ih'str.iy them Tiiere goes ,i \oiing girl,
twelve years old, with full charge ol the hoai. sculling
.iv.'ay with tlii^ large ])oised .scull, and thing ii'iont
through crowds of hoat.s, and hark to her little sharp
tongue: as saucy as a London caliman ii; a crowde'l
thidiiglitiire during a stoppage.
' Here, t(K>, Mc tirst see tlir I.i»r,li:i (tli**";ili" is jiriinniiih'cH
:is "iir" ill /i/rcAcr) ii iiuiiie iii.iit' mi IhiiMliar hi I'Miliiiiiii'iilan
ilcliiitcs It Ik iiiitliiii); inure tliiiii a Jnnli sliclitly iiii|ir"Vi(l.
I'liev lire owned iiiilillrri-iitlv liy Cliincse or t'.irri^iicrH. iiiul liuve
the children of the jiii.ior tankadere — prohahlv engaged s^iilinu li'ltern mcimliiiirly. Tlioiv ncvur wcmM liavi' Ipicii ii din
on hcird some larger iuiik, whilst the woimm nlv the 1""'' ■»'«>'" •'"; " Arr...v,- U.»\ ihcrc li,.,i, mi interiirctci prewiit
- - - * - - • I'lit till'-" iiiucli these u^t'liu |i(>i'niiiis lire wiintiiif; c
were 7",' KM
i >
1 ,, 1 1 ■ 1 .r . ^1 ""' ''"'■" ""'I'll tlicsc ii^eliil iicimiiis lire wiintiiiL' (1(11 1m' iiidacil
wherry. home, however, hl.ltth.t the ,roin tl.c (act timt at unc mli.. i„ Sii,.M,,.in. tli.
more l.umlili ..„,.., , , ,, Ironi tlic l.ict tImt ut unc I in Siiiit;i|iiir
tttuliiiaerefc are a kind ot gyi«iies, ftud do not trouble t'liiiiMo, and no wmj ilmt omld amliT^tand tlic
100
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
! i
li
Olio of the most strikiiii; siylits mi (lie Canton river
is till' iiiinnii.r minilur ot ImuiIs «liiili art' nioori'il nil
iiloni; llif slidii'. near tlii' tnvi'ii,'n taitury. Tin ro arc
liH(i(tntl.< t^f' 1/(1 11.1(111(1.1 ot nil kinds anil size, tioin the
splriiiliil tliiwir lioat, as it is lalli'il. ilnwn to tin- small
liarlnTs limit, liirniini,' a lari;i' lloatiin; I'ity, jirnpli'd tiy
an iiiinicnsf miinlur nt'luiniaii ln'inns. In sailiiiiinp llic
riviTVou iiiav olisirve H very small Imat, ]irrlia|is tlu'
siiialli'st yon fvir saw cxposi'il on tin- wad'r. lioini;
nolliiiij;niorr than u li\v])lanks fasti mil tosji'ilirr. Tliisis
llu' liarlipr'slioat. who isi;oingaliiint,or rathi'rswinimiiijj
ahont, foUowinj; his daily avocation of shavini; tho
Ill-ads and ticklinj; the oavsand cms of Chinamen. I'.y
llic liy. this same harlicr lias niiicli to answer for: f'l-
hisjiraetioe has a most ]iieiiidiiial etl'eet upon the eyes
and ears of his eoimtrynuii. He, however, works his
little hoat with i;reat dexterity, anil with his senll
mMna;;e.s to ]iio|iel himself with oare and swiltness
through the lloating eity of Imats, larger and more
powerful than his own. Then you see ho.its of \ arions
sizes, sueh as those at Maeao and ]Ioiig Kong, eovored
o\ er, divided into three eoniparlinents. and ke]it re-
markably oleaii and neat. These are hired hy either
natives or tiireignei-s tor the jiuqic'se ol' going olfto the
l.irge junks or other vessels nmored out in the river, or
for short exetirsioiis to the island of Jloiian, the Ka-Tee
(iardens, or .sueh places. The centre division of the
lioat forms a very ne.it little room, having windows in
the sides, ornamented with jiictures and tlowers of
x.irions kinds. The compartment at the how is occti-
pieil liy the rowers, an 1 that at the stern is used for
preparing the food of' the family for whom the boat
lielongs.
The lioats ot' the llmig merchants and the large
llower-hnats jire very splendid. 'I'liey are arranged in
ci'iiipartiiients like the others, hut ai'e Iniilt in a more
superli and costly manner. The reader mii>t iiii.ii.'iiie
a kind of wonden house raised upon the (lour nt' the
lioat, having the eiitraiice near the bows, space luing
let't theie for the boatmen to stand and r"W. This
entrance Leiiig the front, is carved in ii most superb
stvle, formiiii; a prelude to wh.it may be .seen within.
Numerous lanterns hang from the roof of those splendid
showy cabins; looking-glasses, pii tures, and jioetiy
adorn their sides ; and all the peculiarities of this sin-
LTular ]ieople are exposed to our \ iew in tlie>e their
ll p.iting palaces.
Then there are the chop boats, which are ii>ed by the
merchants tor con\ eying goods tothe vessels at W'liani-
poa, — the jias.sage boats to Hong kun:;, .Macao, and
various parts of the country ; the M.indaiin bnils,
with their numerous oars, which lia\e a strange appear
aiice as they pass up and down the ii\er; and la>lly. the
large iinwieldly sea going Junks. 'I'liiii are \aiinns
moditications of all these kind of boats, each iidapled fbr
the jiarticul.ir piiipose fir which it is designed. At
festival times, therivi rliasa sin;.'ularly gayaiid strikini:
appeariiice pirtinilarly ,it iiii.'lit, when the laiilerns
are lighled. and n imlpeili'-.s boats, g.tily decorated with
them, move up ami down in front of the tiiclory. The
ell'ect proiliieed upon a stranger at these times, bv the
wild and occasion. illy plaiiiti\ e strains of Chine.-~e music,
the noi.sy gniii;, the chwe and sultry air. the strain;!'
people t'llll of pee iliarilies and conceit, is such that
lie call iie\er fnrget, and leaves upon his mind .i mixed
impression of pleasure, pity, ndiniratioii, and oonleinpt.
Throughout the whole of this immense tloating city,
tlio greatest regularitv iirevuils. The large boats are
I arranged in rows, forming streets, through which tlio
smaller craft ]ia.ss and re|iass, like coaches iind other
M'hicles ill a large town. '11, e taiiiilies who li\ein
this iiiaimer seem to have ii great jiartiality for tlowers,
which the- keep in jiots, either upon the high stern o/
their boats, or in their little parlours. The Chinese
.\rbor vitn', tSarilenia.s, Cycas revoluta, cockscombs,
and oranges, seeiii to be the greatest favourites with
till 111. A joss house — small indei d in iniiiiy caMs, but
yet n )ilace of worship — is indis) cii.-able to idl these
lloatiiig iiousis. There tho joss-stii k and the oil arc
daily burned, and form the inceiise which tlie.se ]ioor
people ollir to their imaginary deity.
Inside the ]!ogue. or |!oeca Tigris, as it is called, the
river w ideiis very iiinch, and presents the aji| eiirance
of an inland sea The view now beioiius biaiilirnl
and highly ]iiituresi|ne, the Hat cnllivatid land near
the shntis forming a striking colilrast to the liaireii
hills on the oulside of the tmts : the mountains in the
distance .ippear to enrircle the extensive jlaili ; and
althoiigli. like the otliiis, they aie bain n, yet they
make a tine back ground tothe )pictnri'. A lew iiiih m
further up the river, the sliip|iing in Illeiiheim and
AVhampoa re.iches come into view, and the cclibratid
: ^\ liaiiipoa I'agoda, with MVeral more of less iiiite,
besides numerous other towers and joss-honi-e.s, nil
remind the traveller that he is ap)iroachiiig the far-
famed city ot' Canton, i ne of the lichest and iiioht
iiii|iortant in the Celestial Kiupiie. The iii ble river,
I with its numerous r.imilication.s, forms many islands,
on one ot' which the small town or v illiige of AVIiiimjina
is built.
Large i|uaiitities of rice lire giown, both on the
islands fi'iincd by the river, and mi the Hats on the
main land. The tide is kejit out by imbaliknients,
mill the groui.d can be oveitlowed at will. Tin se
eiiib.iiiknu Ills are not allowed to lie idle, but are made
to piodiiee clops of plantains. M hi ii the hind is ti n
high to be llooded by llie tide, the Water wheel is
brought into ]ilay, and it is ]iil'ictly asiniiishing liow
nincli water can be raised by this .siniple contrivance iu
a Very short space of tine.
Sugarcane is also grown lather extensively iiiiir
W liampoa, and in its law state is an aiticle in great
demand amongst the (liiiie.se. Jt isiiiannfai tnied into
sugar candy and bicwn sugar; many kinds of the
latter being larticulaily line, though not iiiin h ti.'-ed
by the foreigners lesidiiig in the ciiintiy. who gi iierallv
|iret'ir the candy mluccd to jiovvdir, Jii whn h state it
is V erv tine and w hite
The I'agodii ol \\'ham]oa {.m p. 92), exhibits sonio
]ieiiiliariiy of de.-ign. It stands upon a tiirace, its
porch is a flight of su ]'s, its vestibule or anti sanctuary
H a covered building, and its inner saintnary isonenf
those Tias or lofty tow ers w liicli lire .•■o eharaili listio
of Chinese eiclesiastical iilchiti ctiire, mill vvhnli con-
sist ol'seviral stones, iliminishing in Iniglil and width
as they ascend, each liavin;; a piojeiling nmf of glazed
tiles, and generally oiiialnented Willi bells. The
iniilalioii taa or ] agoda in Kew ( Janli ns. en i led by
Sir N\ . I'hambi rs, is well known to our iiadiis, and is
a lofiy and fair specimen of what it is inti inled to
represent. The celil'iatcd taa or towcr lit Nankin,
coiiiposid of porcelain, is, like most others, an octagon
upwards of I'll) feet high, and divided into ten stories,
, each of which has a marble gallery, with gilt lattices,
I tlio stairs being foriiitd within tlie thickness of th«
I walls. The sumiuit is surmounted by a cupola, from
i '■■'t
CniNA. COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
I«l
_*-_ ■--. ".«'i
,.4^^
(,HIN> : HAT WOIMV
which rises a Ii>fty pole or mast witli oriflaiunif', as we
Boe •rectt'd iii front of thi> Pagoda of tlic liocks at
Muraii, abuut 30 feet liigli. Thcio is a similar l.uwcr
at Tint; t^^hang In, tlio cxtcrinr of wliicli is of porci'l tin,
l)iit the wails theuistilvi-s aro of niarliio. Otlii'rs liavi^
a single stairni.se in tlio centre, carried up tlirou^yli all
the tlifferent sUiries. Although so completely dis-
similar in style, their towew hear a strong analogy to
the Go|)uras and Vinanas, or lofty |iyi'aini<l tower-
temples, of the Hindoos. l?oth seem ti have originated
in a common idea, ditferently modilieil, aceoriling to the
taste and mode of l)ni!din<; of the respective nations.
\Vhaiii|)oa island is the liist Imt oni', and, indeeil
the hist island of any size or importance met with on
ascending the Hocea Tigris to (Jant^m. On the left
bank are Fi*ench Folly, Lin's Kort, an<l the Hames'
Kurts ; uu the other, iiuuuu aud the Krouch Islands.
Ilciice it was, that, during tin late war, \> hamjioa,
which was fornn-rly i phuv of in.jHirtanee, and has two
|iagodas, liecaiui' a ..,ii'at iiridi-zvous, and a conference
was lull there on the 21st of |)cceinlier, 1M.")7, by the
plenijx I 'uti;u'ii's ami naval and military commanders,
shortly liefori' tht^ aiwault and capture of Canton.
" Our primipal amusement," .siys one j)resent on
the occasion, •■ Wits rambling over that pictiiresipif
s|«»t ; though ^ot alioTi^ five miles in circumfer-
ence, til'' ' ' lid was broken into hill and ilalc
and fei . ;,'cns, where a rural popidation livi'il
|ieaeeably amiil all 'he troubli-s, and seemed utterly
iiidilli rent as to the liit<! of their prt>vineial city, h*-
derd, many of them who had sufTered .sevt'rely by the
interruption of trade, rather hojied for our success than
otherwise ; and in one of the villages, a man was mu',
who had formerly lived at WhannxMi, and spoke a little
101
Knglisli. wlin «sRurc(l iiR that. Jip rxprpsucd a spntlmont
vcrv iniiinioii ninoiifj liis nuiiitrviiR'H wliPii lio said,
"You iukee t'aiiUii ili()i)-cli(i|), my no gotcliiu iiiouey."
IV._CANTON.
From AIin'iii> to Ciuiton, is from Grnve(M>n<l to lUack-
wnll — only more diiiscly crowilcd ; and, liy Jill iIk-
jiowiTsoI'lJockncyisni, lliciris -i \nn\t nioi'.' riillaway,
ladsl on sin' ^ocs, and ourlittlo sti'aniiT iil'tor liiT, stem
on, and dose up! on tlicy go. No, by all that's unhu-ky,
oivr th;v go! Surclv tlicsc aiv wager lioats, and Mr.
Searie is umpire. Tlu'V arc all rigiitcd again.
Now liy lircgrovi'S, litlicn trees, an<l lianyan i'orest.s,
liy doeks, by tin; battle-ground ot the Fat.sliaii liiver
(where the brave ]<• ppel won his laurels), tlie whole
looked down u]ion by a kind ot' liiehninnd Hill, where
the fort used to be under wiiieli the " Coroniandel"
ran aground — by the old and ])icturc.s(pie shipjiing,
with the Uiany flags flying. 'Jliere is nothing pie-
turesque about the fity itselt', no more than there is in
Wapping. The grev ■.•«ii's stretch in long line.s, out ot'
which rise pert ;;.geoii-lujuses on jjoles, with ladders
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
1 to them, wliieli tliey toll ua nro watch-boxes. (The
Chinese do all tilings by contraries:-' we used to place
our wrtehbo.xes on the ground — tliey ptit theirs in
the sky.) Then niaiLdarin poles with Hying streamers;
tlien, tlie line is broken by liigli squan^ warehotises,
just such ns you see about our dm ks, and these, \te
are told, are tlie iiawid>rokers' shojis; fl r ])awiiing and
money-lending are carried on in Canton and throughout
Cliina on an enormous scale.^
' It is cii.«tenmry in Cliiiiii, »t certiiin soasuns of the yciir, to
liavojuiik nui's, aixl for the tnwiis iiciir mivipilijo ri<i is anil tlie
.sea jHirts tliis ifl all oonisinii of ^Ti-iit n-jnicni^; llu- niii^:i>I rates ami
sninetiiiies the ricli iiiiMrli:iies el'ilu' liKulity tli>trilmtu the jirizis
til tlie victiiis; aii^l tlmse wlio wisli to enter llie li.sts organize
tliemselvi's into a c(ini]ian,v, ami ii'ijioiiit a cliiel'. Tlie jmiks that
servo for these (;aiiies are very lonir ami narrow, so that then is ,
only just room for two Ihiiehes oi rowers ; they are most riehly 1
earveil anil oriiaun iiteil willi jiildlnir ami ilesitjrs in bri).'ht eolmirs.
Th« (irow ami the ikkiji represent tiie hi ad and tail of the ]iii)ieiial
Dragon, tliey are therefore called luuiii!-fr/i<iii<in, that is to siy
drapiii iM'ats. They are ljun(,' with silks and tin.H'l, and aloiii;
their whole li iiirtli are ilisplayiil imnicroiis streamers; hri(:ht led
pennants tl"at in the«iiid, and on e.ieli siile of the little must
that supports the naiional llaj,' are jilacid two men, who leave oil'
strikinjr the tmn-tiiin and exeeutiii!; rolls on the dniiii, whilst the
mariners, leanini.' over their oars, row on vi^'orously, and make the
drairon junk skim rapidly aloii^' the surlaee of the water. WhiUt
these elegant I'oats are iiintemliiij.' with one another the iienjile
Ihriinp the quays, the shore, and the roots of the iieighlsaiiini;
hiiiises, ami the vessels that are luiii; in the )iiirt. They animate
the rowers by their cries and phnmits ; they let oil' tirewuiks;
they iH'rform at various points di al'enins.' music, in whieli the
siinorous noise of the tiim-tum, and the sharp sound of a sort of
elarionet, giving ]ieriieliially the same note, )>ri'domiiiate over all
tlie rest. The t'hinese l■eli^h this infi riial liarmony. It liap)H'iis,
siiinetimes, that a dragon hoat is upset in a moment uiid emptied
of its double line of rowers, but the crowd gteiMsthe ineideiit wiih
a shout of laughter; nobody is at all disturbed, for .he im n who
row arc always gi>iHl swimmers. Von somi jei' lliein emerge from
beneath the water, swinmiing alHiut in all ilii'eelioiis toe.iteli their
oars again and their rattan lii'lmels; the wiiter sjirings up lieiieath
their abrupt andrapiil moveiiieiits. \oii might lake them lor a In op
of iior|poises dis|iortiiig in the middle of the waves. When every
m.'in has found liis oar and his hat, again the dragon Ih at is
I'laced oiiee moro on lier keel, the streamers are put to rights as
will as eireum>laiiee8 will |» riiiil, and then eomes the grand dilli-
iiiliv of how to get into her a.;aiii ; but these poople are so agile,
adroit, and sup| le that they always manage it somehow. The
piihlie have olten the salisf.ietion oi" witnessing these little inei
di iits on ffle days, for the Iwiats are so frail and liirlit that the
s'ighte.-t fault in the iiMiviineiits of the rowers may i-apsi/ ibi'iii.
'IhestMNiuliial g.iiiies la-t for sevi ral days together, and.o. emi.
tinned from iii.niiiig till night, the speetators remainlnL' failh
fully at their |.o-l- all li.eiimiv Tl„. ambiilat-ry kileheiis and
the dealers in prioi-i.-ns eiieulati' thronjli all (larts of th<' erowd
to teed •his imiiieiee nmltilude. whieh, under (iretext of haviiiL'
no regular meal at home that day. is latinu' and ilriiikiiig enii-
tinually, whilst rope dancers, jugglers, piekpoekets, and ihievis
of every species )irolit by the o'ppon unit Y to turn their talents to
aeeouiit, and vary the iimiisemeiils of Ihr day. The i.tbeial leie
is teriuinated by the distiibminn ol pri/is. and the rowir> wind
up with menvmakiig, iiiiil s. metiims also with ipiarrelling and
lighting.
' We niourii in blaek — they nionrn in white j we regard coro-
nets and crowns as badges of dignity — they respect tlic boot«j
we build solid walls — they make them hollow ; wc pull a boat —
they push it ; we place the orchestra in front of the stage— they
hide it behind ; we feed the living — tliey ^:• t dinner ready fertile
dead. " In a eonntry," says Mr. Wingro* I'ooke, "where the
roses have no Iragrance, and the women no petticoats; where the
labouriT has no sabbath, and the magistrate no sense ol lioiinur;
where the roads have no vehicles, and the ships no keels; where
ohl nien tly kites ; where the necnlle points to the eoutli, and the
sign of being jiuzzled is to scratch ihe antipodes of the head;
w liere the )ilace of honour is on the left hand, and the seat ot in-
telleet is ill the stomach; where to take ot) your hat is an insoUiit
gesture; we c»ught not to be astoniphetl to tind a literature with-
out an alphali't, and n langnage without a graniiiiHr. Ve use a
white Ihig lor peace, they brandish it in war; and a want of"
know hdge of this fact led to the rebels firing «|H)n Lord KIgin's
jiarly in the Yang-tse-kiang river— the return of which lire has
brought on an awkward imbroglio lietwi'cn fori'igners and the
insurgents, who accuse us .if favouring the Anti-t'hiiicse party of
the Tartar Mandarins.
'A part of the pawiibroking tstablishnn nts, so numerous in
China, also belong to the govt rin cut. 'Ihe rale of interest is
^ per cent, pi r miaitli, li r jewels, and articles of the metallic
kinil. ihe ligal interest of moiiiy has betn lixed at lUI )H'r cent.
))er annum, whieh uiakes :t ptr cent, ptr iiionlli, us the sixth, the
twellih, and the iiitnca aiy nioon (when there is one,) do not
biar iuti rest. One w<iud like to know what objiel the Chinese
government had in vuw, in lixing the inti rest ol money at so enor-
leins a rate, ai dto uiidiislai.d lliiir mi de of ri gal ding questions of
poliiieal and fecial (eoiiomy. Aceordiiig to Tcbao-yang. a distin-
gni-liid write V of the teleslial luii)iiie,llie ) uijiose wastoprevent
the value of land from ineieasing, and that ol nmney from diminish-
ing by tie n i dioerity ol interest. In lixiig it at a very high rate,
it ha? iiideavi urid tormdir the distiibnlion ol land prolan tionate
with the iiumi cr of Ian dies, aid the eiieulation of iiiomy more
aitite and nniforin. '1 itntsrhih, an teiMinical writer, goes
I lilt her into this subjci t, in aniiiniier of which the late Mr. Wilson
might not have bt en lehunnd, as follows: —
"How is it that the high rate of interist fixei' by the law
idlords aihantage to ci ninerce'-' la cause it opens a cari'er to
those loe luunt, ami favours its division among a
gi later nun lier. 'J he genius for toiiiieiici- i- a ja euliar one, like
that for letti r», fi r goM inmeiit, for the arts ; possibly, even one
night say that, in some respiits, it en liraees them all. Now
this genius for eouiii eice i» lost to the <n:)iin in all those win
follow u dill) rent eareer ; it remains, tlarefoie, to <levclope it in
those who have no < tbir resouric. Although commerce is imlis-
pnlably iieeessary to the (^tatc, yet the administration whieh
goes to so mueh ex) case to laeililale study, and to form by
that means ncn lapal h' of )ii lilical hnsiness, diKS nothing
for those who have a genius for commerce to assist
them in Its dev. lopii enl. Now the high interest ol
money unkis amends for ihia kind of neglect. IIowivi.
|<K)r a V uiig man nay be, if he is wcliu nduitid and clever
lie will Ih iI le to Uirrow < nough t<i maki an att(m)il,aiid as soon
as this -vienids all pniM'S will lie opi n to him; — and this
iiitere>t now wid have giTi n to the (mpiie a useful citizen,
who wdiild have Inen lost if a hiljiing hand bad not been held out
to him. Now whin men can enter into business withcad having
any money of their own, eomuovie must incssurily lie divided
among a great numlier, aid that is what the |ireBCIit stale of the
)Hipnliitioii render desirable
" .\ man, whatever he n ay be. has but a certain amount of
time and strength to empi > : if his business demands more he
must call ill help, that is to say, he mu»l buy the services of
others; tlieyeo«l him little, for Ihe in<ist |iait, and he eiidcHVouri
to obtain the utino,.t ndvai life Ironi them. What he g«ins by
these as.sistants, bv ih giei - leases him from the Iiecessity of
working kimself, and tl.i pnl he is charged with bis idleneu. li
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA. AND JAPAN.
103
ting probably thoy won' not at linmo. For '• vcs "
read "can do." "llow many t.i iliniicr lliis evening ( "
Yonr boy ])r('at'iitly rt'iilies, "Some jiicci' man — two
|(irc(; niissit'." -
Sonit'timi'.s tlic stranijiT in (,'antoii for tlic iiivt day
finds it ini|iiissilili' to bt'licvc in anuliiiij; lii' si'cs. Yon
t't'd jnst as it' you iiad yol liy niisiakc on lo the staf^c
of a tiicatro instead of tlic lioxes, and find yonrself,
uni'onifortalily, one of tbc ilrniiuilit /ifrsmni: in a
Chinese ballet. Kvervthini; sei'iiis sliam and nnsnb
Behind tlie city rise fMld-sliajicrl, jafjged, green
mountains and lulls, with forts ii|ion them — forts that
rt^sendde gigantie franiiw or hot-houses in a .sidjurban
garden ; down to the water-sido are shcd-honses, biiiit
on piles, antl just behinil are tlit^ walls. All alMPUt
are from /)0,000 to ()((,()(!() boatmen, who live on the
river; and there is no end ofycllings and jabberings,
pulling and hauling, ])ushiiig, |mnting, rowing, and
sculling, scri'cehing and gesticulating ; the tide
running a ])erfeet sluice. Some of the woin«Mi are
comely, and in their peculiar liloonier stylt' of costume stantial ; the houses look like so many painteil sheds,
andstrikinglyoriginal style of head-dress, are attractive The place is very intricate, ami llie alleys innumerable.
The fare for a boat load to the shore is a shilling, and There is the- Tartar bnrrack, w ith its two colossal lions
that is a trifle to give a jtretty girl after a hard pull. I — anything lint lions diil the men show themselves
Once landed, you have plenty to do ; with excui-sions ; when the ti;,'liting came.'' It has an exercise ground of
up to the Hills, and to tlm I'agoda, and the I'ar.st^; ' .sixteen acres, with a temple in tin- centre, anci .some
(Jardens, and the Curiosity Sho]).s. After you have been tine trees scattered alioiit in ]iark-like fiishion. 'i"he
through the liong.s and gardens, scanned the tea streets to the ciist and west — the streets of l.ove imd
Jiri'pared for shipment, and talke<l with some of the Benevolence, its they are c.illed — and tlif I'liriosity
C'hinesc merchants, whom you find Hying kites' and who street, are not for our pockets, which ari' n-iivi'd for
insist on your taking with them a cu]) of tea without Japan. < )tl]<'rwise you may btiy their laii|U< red waii-
nulk or sugar, the grounds in the cup, each made ex- and saiidal-wood boxes, and carved ivory, enough to
pressly for each person ; after you have cliiii-clniined eat up a year's inco;iie, and leave you no better at
sevi'ral of these llong merchants, and heard them ex- the end than the experience of h;i\ ini; found out how
])ouiid connnercial affairs; after you have been over many things there are in the world tlcit a man can do
the Dutch Folly, the pavilion of the Fire (Jeiiii, the entirely without, and never feel the want of. (,'ome
large I'agoda at Whampoa {nf.e p 92), the wonderfid
(lardens — • wonderful, because so singular anil so novel, —
after you have seen theduck-hatehing (in the cupboard
of an old fisherman) up the river, where the young
•lucks are nursed in all their stages ; after you have
had a riile on a Chinese pony up the Chinese hills, and t„r,., insists," as he tells iis
l(H)keil down upon Canton aial its 124 tt'iuples and
halls :tnd pavilion.s. all on the ground-floor, and gazed
with ii(n-er-en<ling pleasure on the tlower-boats (nee
]>.129),and the fi'.ntastically-dressed women, whom you
nnist not nnstake for respectable la<lies, — tor they are
scarcely ever visible, — yiai will have se<'n almost all that
there is to see of the thou-an<l year old Can on. On
every side pigeon Knglish, — that horiiole jargon of
mutilated baliytalk, — meets youi' ear. \'ou hear
nothing else. \n American tells of a translation of
HaiTdet's solilo(piy into pigeon Knglish (which,
by the by, means business Fiiiglish), in which " To
bi', or not to 1m'," reads "(Jan, no can." Send
for yotir hat, and this wouhl be the style : " Uo
top side, sabe, tliat hat, bring my." A noise is
heard in the adjoining street, the can.se, .says the servant,
is, " (Jhini'V woman have I'atchee om- piece cow chilo, "
in other words, "Mr.s. I'iglail, of a girl." You call upon
^olno ladies, Iniy returns, " No mau can see," iutima-
wilh n.s, in the country, to the " Potter's Field," the
execution ground where Yeh, the hideous pagan, c'lit
wii» iisked Df Se-liii); wliy lie Imd lent IJO.OOO oiiiives i)f iiilver frnii
the piiWic treasury ti) twelve siiinll traders. ' It wax,' lie rejiliid,
* ill order titat the put>lie ini^ht no lunger have to pay fur the
lacipieriil work, the shows, tlie festivals, eoiieubiiies, and slaves ol"
hill) whohasii)oni.i>olised the silk- factories. Kivalry in trade ohli^es
traders to emulate each other in lalxmr and industry, that is to
«aj', lo Ik> less extortionate towards the pnlilic.' "
' The t'hinese, as evcryhody knows, are ^reat ill kites. It is
■traii)^ to siH' sols'r and seilatc iiicrcliaiits tiij^iiin away at a lout'
•Iriiijr, Kuidin^r a kit* very ellci'lually in the air. Some lire niaile hiintini; is iiothinjjto it ; Ifitl t'lip dc-c
- Mr. Wiliffrovc Cooke jjives an aninsiii'.; ilhislration of this : -
"The basis of tliis Ciintoii Kiiirli-ih. whii-h is a toiipu ami a lilera-
f liirniiii; the r into the /, addiiij;
final vowi Is to every word, and a constant u>e of *'sav»y'" for
" know," *' talkee "' for " speak," " pieeey " ft)r " piei-e," *' nniidirr
iMie " for " first class," hut especi;dly and ahove all the continni-d
employment nf theword *' pigeon." " I'iireou " means " hu-iness"
in the most evteuded s use of the wcnil "Heaven pigeons Ijali
not " moans that " clnireh service has cunimenreil ; " " jos pi>;eon "
means the " Kuddlii^t ceremoi.iiil ; " "any piu'con fuiilou:- ' means
" have any operutiuns taken place at Cauioii.-'' " 'that no Imy
pigeon, that c ic pigeon," is the form ot' yiir stT\;int's rcimm-
strance if asked to take a letter. It also nic.ms protit, advan*
taire, observation. " Uim wron;; too inncli loulo. him no savey,
"ely ^oihI pi:.'ciin have t'ot." was the lommentary of the Chinese
pilot at tla' l''aisliani Creek liusn»'s.s.
' \ Chinese liatlle is a< piod as a farce. Mr. Searth, a twilve
years' resilient in Cliiiia jrivis us a discnptioii. "Sniieof tlie
little lijilits at Shaii|.'hiii," he -ays, "were very umnsin^. One
day. w lien a );ieat many soldiiis were out, I saw more <lfthl^
coiiihut than was pli>asaiit. Ilioinf: jiot ^nto the line of lire, I
was forced to take shelter heliiiul a jrrave, the bullets strikinc the
ttrave from each side every siiond. Why they ciime niy way it
was ilitHcult to discover, tiir tliey o'.iL'bt to lime passed on the
other side of a crecK alKmt twenty yards distant, to the people
they were intended for; but lo see tlie doil^'in^ of tlie soldiers
(the ' llruves,' sef p I'Jt)), tlienol the reU-ls, eiicii fry iii^ to evade
the other, was almost amnsiii).'. One fellow, ready )irimcd iiiij
loaded, woiihl rush up the side of a v;rave liillisk, drop bis match-
lock on the top, and witlioe takiiii; aim, blaze awiiy. Tliere is
no raniriHl rei|iiired for the slinl they u-e, the bullet or liar of
iron beiiii,r merely ilrop|H'd in upon the powiln- rhire was »
line scene i n one occasion when the Shanghai lebilsinailca sortie;
one of the men was cut off by an Imperial skirmisher, wlio had
his piece hmded. The rebel had no time to chartri- his, so be ran
round and round a jrrave which was high iieii^h to keep his
enemy frinn sliootiiu: him when on Ibe oppos ti' side, llare-
ihcd
parts
ol
■irde
the sliupeof birds; and the hoveriiii; of the kestrel, oi ihe ipiiek the Itoyabst was fast (rcttiii(t blown, wli'U b;
of til
' spar
■hawk.
aiice of the string. The Chinese heat
beautifully imitated by expert nnid- chance the rela'l tripped and fell! i
nhlil
s|ieeially
holli
in till
thi
1*?".
rit, and, to make mil
of h
s pri/.e, pll
t till
id
line iinltieky
1 at liini in a
iiii/./li' of his
the "messenger" that tliev send .spinniin.' up the iniltelilock to Red Cap's head, tind, and l^iok to his heils as fast
string. They send up pretty painted yiipintic butterflies, with as be eonlil |
outspread winRS, at the Imck of which, is u simple contrivance to when Mr. Ked Cup did exactly tl
umke them collapse when the butterfly ri'urlies the kite, ami, as j down readily uisiii the powder, fe
iixin aa tiny colla))*'. down comes the biitterHy, slidiii); uloiig the | was depresned. The rebel got olf witli i no"d sinifin); ol b s long
Dtriii);, ready to he adjusted fur aiiiithvr Higlit.
Ii is ilillieull to sav who was most astoiiis'.eil
ibe bullet that dmiiped
Iv Hlicn the bairi'l
nnt as easi
I hair,'
•*!
IM
▲U ROUND THE WORLD
off 70,000 men's heaas, several Englisli l)eing amongst
them.'
CHINESE MEIieHANT.
' "TliMe erowus" — Mr. Winprove Conki' is spnikiii;: of tlir
same pUce, — " «ri' ihuiiiatniiiK'ntH t"»liiili llmsi viiliiiK wcrt' tied
» lio were comlemned to the siktuiI tortiiri' oI'lHing ulireil to deiitli."
Upon one of tlie«e the »vifc of a iphel pciiiTiil wiis stretched, mid,
hj Yeh's orders, her Henh wiis cut from herlnxlv. After the IntttU'
at Whaniixw the rel)el leader e»ei. ■ d, hut his wife fell into the
hands of Yeh : this was how he treated hit prisoners. Hor
hremsU were first cnt otf, then her forehead was sloshed, and the
skin turned down over the face, then the fleshy parts of the ImmIv
were sliced away. There are Knglislnneii yet alive who saw this
done, but at what (leriod of the butchery sensation ceivsed and
death came to this poor inncK-ent woman none can tell. The
criminals were brought down in ganps, if they could walk, or
carried down in chains, and shot out into the yard. The execu-
tionen then arranited them in rows, ({iving them a l)h>w iH'hind
which forced out the head and neck, and laid tiiem convenient for
the Itroke. Tlien comes the warrant of death ; it is a Imnner.
Ai loan as it is wavad in sight, without verlxil order given, the
work began. Tlierc was a rapid successinn of dull crunching
sounds — chop, chop, chop, chop. No seconil blow is ever dealt,
for the deiterous nii'.nslayers are educated to their work, until
they eui with their heavy swords slice a great IiuIIkius vegetable
as thin as we slice a cucumber. Three seconds a head siilfiei-.
In one minute five eiecutionen clear ofl° a hundred lives. It
There is a street tij) to tlie iiDrth a mile Imig, with
sliojts (if cveiy kiiiii vin tiie left are streets leading
n|i til jirivate houses, whieii liavt? no window.^ to the
street.s. It is all very ciuiet now ; to-morrow there is a
holiday. Then the si'iii-sliu Ikhlsos" (grog .shops) are
open, and the sing-song women oonie in all painted
and liroeaded ; and the gnivest and the oldest hang
strings of crackers otttside their houses, and jiaint
laiitern.s, and niak^.' noises. Then there is ascri'ecliing
of .song anil a twangiiig of the stringed lutt^s, and a
burning of pajior, and occasional tipsiness, and a riot
where yoti see an Englisli or American sailor. Dinner
is being got uj) in all directions in a wonderfidly ex-
temjKiraneous manner ;-' and occasionally you may get
takes rather longer for the assistants to cram the bodies inti
rough cofniis, esficcially as you might see them cramming two
into one shell, that they might emlK^zzle the spare coffin. The
heads were carried off in lioxes ; the snturateil earth was of value
as manure.
' A Chinaman will bake a dinner for a dozen with a mere hand-
ful of fuel. Their boiler is coneslia|)ed and large ; say two feet
in diameter by one fiHit deep; it eovers the whole ol the fire
merely with a small |mrtioii of the lower |iart of the case, but the
..< iu,
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
m
a glinijiso of a jirrtty wnnmn — a rnil Cliiiifst' lady | tliiit of tlui tojja aincing tlio Koinaii!), is arroni|miii('(l
(see 1>. 108) — iiKHlcstly ami Iprcdmiiif^ly dicssril, Iilt with coiisidrriililt' nri'iiiiniy. Tlu' pci'siin is intormcil
hair built tip with Calst' " whisks," (as the liainln'sspis ] that imw he has assiniii'il the dress cif a man, that lu'
call thcin) iiiuleiiicath, nia<l)! up into snuietliini; like a ' ceases to lie a Imv. anil that he nu^ht, tlieretiire, to dis-
shoe-shapp, and huttertiies on pins sturk in it, wit); linijuish hinisell'liy hisaetiims. as well as hv the luanlv
flowers, and jewels, and ennihs ; nor is the use of han- , haliit. When the ISritish and Fremh Kiiiliassies were
doliiie, or stitlenini,' J^uui, l"cireijj[n ti> the (,'hinesc toilet ; at Tient sin, the fair sex, tliey deelare. was allimst in-
tlio loose littin;,' silk tuiiie, of hriijht rolour, from the visihle. It was hy the rarest aeeident that a glimpse
thront to the ankles, and silk tmnsers. emliniidered in wa.s caught of a woman, imt lielmii,'!!!;; to the lowest
gol<l or silver, with niinuto feet, eipinplete the costume, class. Even tiiese latter all cramped tlieir feet— a
The ladies of distinction are seldom |H'rmitted to piiu'tice not so i.'ener;il amorii; tlio same clas-H in the
stir aliroad, except to visit theii' nearest relations; and, south. Snnie of the little jjirls they saw were pretty,
on these occasions, they are always carried in close
chaii's. and attended liy tlair servants. The women of
till ranks stay pretty much at hmne. The smallncss of
their feet, which renders them unaMe to walk to any
consideralile distance, makes their continemeiit less
disagreealile. As sion as a jjirl comes into the world,
(hey hind her ti iidir fi et with li^ht handa^jes, wliidi
are renewed as occasion rei|iiires, to )irevent their
growing. This custom prevails universally, the Tartar
ladies residing in China only excepted, who appear
to have no inclination to conforui to this fashion.
This fashion wius introduced into China hy a great
princess, who lived some ages ago. She was a lady of
extraordinary lieautv and virtue, and has olitained the
reputation of a .saint; luit, it is repoiicil. her feet re
senililed those of liiids; on which account she kept
them always carefully w rapped up, and concealed even
from the Kmperor her husliand. The ladies of the
and witii their heads decnrated with hright Howeis,
and their i^audy skirls lluttering in the wind, tliev
liMiked pii|U.int and graceful ; Imt as a lule, the wouu n
generally seen weie hiilcou.s. 'I his u.^e of flowers
seems to lie iiniversiil. Another tiaveller de.si^rilics
the ladies of Ku chu In, as lieing particularly fond of
flowers — artificial as well as natural — for the decoration
of their hair. 'I'lie rustic cottage heaiity employs the
more lart'e and gaudy, sncli aa the red liiliisens. whil.>
the reti'icd daiiisels prelt-r the jasmine, tulierose, and
othei-s of that description ; artilicial llowei-s, however,
are more in ii.se than natural ones.
l!ut it is time for us to attend to Imsiness. We
have with ns our comprador — that is a party to whom
we may lie said to lielong, iiMlixidiially, during our stay.
He does all for us; liuys, sells, pays, hires servant.s,
and ananges i\crything. He is our eoiitrac'or ; every
one is respuusililc to him, and he to ns. So, armed
liusiiiess, and call iipuii a niercliaiit respecting certain
arraiii;i uu'Tits for futui'e cniiiniissariat supplies.
In ('liina. as in all other conntiies. there are not
only very ilitferent classes of society. Imt there are
also Very dilfereiit grades in the same position, fmui
that of a niandaiiii to a niereliant and a tradesman.
Mr. Fortune, for example, who h.id to ilo with a
( 'ourt followed her example, which, of course, soon with an interpnter and our comprador, we proceed tii
lieeame general. ThetJhinesc women never pare their
nails, Imt sutler them to grow to the till length. This
proves no im|iediuie!it in emliroidery, and other needle-
work, ill which they are constantly employed. These
they tintsh with extraordinary neatness, as fully appears
from some specimens of them lironght t<i Kurojic. It
is needless to remark, that the tale told of a great lady
having hird's feet has no origin in truth. The evasion, truculent cla.ss of men to procure plants and .seeils
however, shows that the ('liinese are ashamed of a^
custom which has its origin iu a puerile and di.s- |
re|mtiihle jealousy.
The dress of the women, amoni; the lower ordel's,
dilfei-s little from that of the men. A cotton frock,
tawdry coloured trowsei-s, drawn tight liy the calf of
the leg, to show ott'an overgrown ankle, swathed round
with party coloured handages, and a dwartish foi.t or-
namented with emliroidery, are the priiicipal articles
in the female dress, wliicli arc decorated with artitiiial
flowers, ifee., according to the taste and circumstances
of the wearer. I'aints ar<' used universally ; the teeth
are tinged green and yellow • ami the nails, among the
higher classes, kept unparcdtill they often nach a length
of 12 inches. Hamlioo slu'athsare used to jircserve them.
from the interior, declares tli.it no dependence can lie
placed U|Miii the veracity of the Chinese. It may
seem uncliaritahle, he says, hut such is thecise. There
is no doulit that, as a m.i.ss, the ChiiicM- are eminently
deceitful, distrustful, and non-veracions, and that even
to one another ; hut eX|M'rience lias shown, since the
opening of the ports, that as there are many really
learned and wise men among their |ihi|iisophers, so
there are many most civil, upright, and hononi-alde
men .liming their imrehants. They constitute, how-
ever, most iltcidedly the exception to the rule — not
the rule itself
In this land of ceremonies, the farther you are to
the left of your host, the more highly honoured is
your position. There, seated iu the presence of sonic
Owing to the pre|ioslerous n.se of small shoes, instead ' dignitary of the land, who is supposed to hav taken
if walking, the Chinese lady holililes with an aw kward j a phu-e to the right, the following elaliorate intercliauge
and painful motion, so that a Chinese hcauty is what j
in other countries would be called acripjilc. The laws
of China prohibit the dressing of children in silks and
furs, the head cannot he covered till the indi\ idiial be
of a certtiin age. The a.ssumptioii of the cup, like
of <'ompliments takes ]ilace — the visitor having re-
siiiiied himself entirely to the good otliees of the inter-
pii'ter, who, in all ]irobability, throw.s them into some-
what the following shape: —
Fnglish gentleman, who has never seen his (-"hinese
host before, ex|iresses his jileasiire at meeting him.
ftiU-r/ireler. — His Excellency has long looked forward
lifiit bihI Hanipfi ciifnlil tin- rtwt. Wiitcr niid rice n'o put at Itii'
bottom, witli iiM iiiiiii fnuiic (ivor tlicni iilKint half tlio licptli nf '■• this day
imn ; on tlii« lire pliicid (lislas 111 Hsli, fnwl, or vci;i'tnliK>stiil)<iil. i Cliiiirse Dli/nlldr;/ — T meet liilii now as an
Tlie whole in roviMcil witli a womlcii iiivcr. in tlie ifiitre of wliii-li f|-i,,nd, and reiinest to know his honourable age
U n round liiilc iilxiiit lour iia-lies in (llumeter, ami ill tliiii aiiotlit'r - ...
iliali ia often placed, tkn coiitviita of wbivh are cooked by tlie
■team.
Int.
years.
old
Hi.s Excellency h;is protltles8ly passed '
I
I
I
^
!! !:
10S
ALL ROUND THB WORLD.
Chin. Diij. — Tlio rnrs of his Exoollency iiro long, and
Wti>k«»n jfreat nliility.
Int. — All! dill lie is uiiwiirlliy of tlio (*oni])liin(>iit.
67(1/1. />/(/ — Y<m liuvt' hn<i iiii anluous journey.
Int. — \Vp (lt'scrv»>(l it.
Cliin. l>iij. — I tnist your lionoiir.ililc liciiltli is (jood?
I lit. — Hrlyiiij; on yoiir liapjiy iiuspicos, his Kxccl-
Ipnoy's lii'iillh is atill mtiust.
Int. — 'I'lif gri'iit KmiH'i-or of your lionoui-able niitioii,
is he wi-ll f
Chin. I>i(j. — Ho is well. Tho ffcowt Sovi-n-ii^n of
your )ioiioiir:il>li' nation, is she well (
Int. — Slif is wi'll. I)o the trouMcsonio posts (robels)
still infost tlio ciunitry ?
Chin. Dii/. — Till' in.si'ots aro hoing spooililv oxtornii-
natoil.
The information wo wishod fur was olitainod, and
the Iiarijain niailo. ()n this oi'casioii our ac('(>ni|)lislii'd
lio.st ovorwlu'lniod us with oivilitios, oonstructod jtyra-
niids of dt'lii'aoics on our piato.s, and insistod on o\ir
drinking; a unantity of hot wino, ohlij^inj; us to turn
ovor our ".'lassos oacli tinio, as a soourity against hool-
taps. ('lia-oi"s yaniun was a far handsoinor rcsiilonoo
than any similar otlicial aliodo at tJanton. The into-
rior was invostcd with an air of comfort unusual in
t'hin.i, tho walls nicoly papoivd. and tln'tloor carpotod.
Tho wholi' ostalilisliMunt has lioon roirntly put into
gmiil ordor, and was altogothor a tit rosidonoo for so
elovatoil a functionary
At last wo '• liOi;;;od to take our loavo," and hogr.n
violently to •• tsiuii-tsing," a coroniony which consists
in claspini.' your lianils before yoin' breasts, ami making
a croiiiliing baboon liko gesture. It is the ei|uiv,dent
of shaking hands, onlv oni' .shakos one's own hands,
iw tlip sciencp of lioraldrv, and, in .soino instancoH, w«
have almost as quaint an attire in our own civil and
military de|iartmonta.
'J'Im' assimilation of tho Chinese tho(dogy with that
of Kuropo wius not n dream on tho jiart of tho old
missionary, Father Hicci. We liavo soon in modern
times that .M. Hue has found that, i>i Thibet, tho
Homanists havo been anticipated both in .'ootrine and
practice, and that many of tho tenets of the Duddhists
I foreshadow the principles of Christianity. And so it
is also of (Jhineso civilisation, which recent researches
have shown to liavo far more analogy and clo.sor rela-
tions to Kin'o|)ean civilisation tian people wore at ono
time prepared to admit, ami that even in its most
absurd and ridiculous aspeota ; for are not the dragon
stanilanls and tiger adorned shields found endila/.ont>d
in the heraldry of tho We.st ? anil are not the analogies
of tho red and blue mantles, conical caps with divi'rso
oohmrod stripes, and other grolescpio military ami
otlicial insignia, to b<> mot with in Kurojioan cost\imes,
in great hirsuto lioail-gear, feather topped helmets,
cocki'd hats, and other strange attire / It is not, after
all, for us to laugh at the tigers of the Middle Kmpiro,
more especially when it is reniendxTod that not many
years b;i(k the command of " Kosto fi'roz al inimigu"
was included in the i'ortnguoso drill, and therou])on
the soldieiy showed their tooth, and looked foniciousat
an imaginary enemy.
Tlie costume of the ])atriot rebel or bnivo (brivo of
the Kreiieh) of ( 'liina, partakes moio of .a civil cha-
racter. It is that of the old Cliineso or Ming d.ynastv,
as distinguished from that of the Mantchu Tartar
dynasty and soldiery. .\ll those who joined the move-
ment under Tian-tah, "Cel<>lial virtue,'' al.so called
instead of another ]ie|-son's, which may or not have it.-< i Tai-ping-wai, the great pacilicalor, whoni'o his follow-
" ers have bei-n called Tae pings, were obliged to cut
olf their pig-lails, a jirai'tice borrowed from the Tartars,
to allow thi'ir hair to grow long, and to rejdaoe tho
Tartar cloak by tho ohi garment, opening in front,
which was worn in the time of the Mings.
It would be of little interest to our realtors to narrate
here the rise and progress of the Chinese insurrection,
and the varying suive.s.ses and failures of the |>atriots ;
advantages ; in China tho iiistom of the eouiitry is the
pretorablo one. This is followed by a scene very like
i''at which occurs on similar oec;usioiis among our-
selves. Our ho.<t insists u]miii following lis to our
ohaii-s. Wo lenionstiiite. '■ Stop, stop, stoji. wo are
iinwoi-thy." .s;iy wo. " What language is this,'' he ro-
Jilio.s. " We really are unworthy. " wo reitor.ito. "You
are in my liou.se. " he insists, ami so we back to our
chairs, ]»'r]ietually imploring him not to trouble himself still, it is a movement of vast inipoi u-e, and as tliat
by ac<\)injianying u.s. which ho vehemently resists. until of a ]iiiroly Chinese party who are now in ]Ki.sscssiou
at l.a.st. when wo are in our chaii's. he reluctantly con- of Nankin — the ancient capital of their dyniusty —
sents to return, apolojxisin;; to the la.st for being so against an usurping -Mantchu-TarUir dynasty, seated
rude .as to loa\e us even then. It is just po.ssible that, at IVkin, it deserves much greater attention than it
under the circumstances, his .satisfaction at gettingi|iiit has hitherto received, and is pregnant with interest in
of us hail as miicii to do with this " tnij>reii.ieiiunt," as eonnoction with the procooilings of tho Allies against the
his sense of |Ki|iteiies.s, ' existing government, as wei! as to tho future of China
Lot us now look at the soldii'is belonging to tho ' it.self Add to all tlii.s, albeit as yet much corrupted
Emperor — somoof whom are on guarcl oven in C.inton, by iui]iorfcct knowledge and vain and em|itv tradi-
whiih We have taken from them. Let us regard their
'"Braves." or vuliinti'crs, wo had better call them.
Tho Chinese soMiers of the Imperial tiuard havo
lions and cereinonie.s, still, it seems certain that there
is in connection with the .same niovonient the dawn of
a more enlightened, moral, and religious condition for
received the ilosignatiofi of '• tigor.s." not. as might bo this va.st and popiiliais omiiiro.
imagined, from their courage and ferocity, but from When Tai-)iing hail obtained po.ss«'.ssion of Nankin,
their yellow tunies. u|miu which the ho.id, vyw, and ho is described as having with him four kings, his
even part of the back of a tiger is represented, some- l colleagues ; Tungwang, king of tho oast, a little spare
times with inane erect, as if to inspire greater awe into j man, about thirty live years of age, and pitted with
the beholder. Tin ide,-i. liko that of the grotescpio small ]iox ; Hwang, king of the west, young, active,
and brave, the Achi!lo.< of this pleiud of kings, but
standards and shields with terror-inspiring nionstoi-s
of the Chinese, seems to us absurd, from the mode
of their a])|ilicatioii ; but if we consiilor the matter
more closely, we shall tind that we have admittoil
the same kind of thing into our own civilisation, only
uioditied iutu a form and systeiu kuuwu to the iiiitiuteil
since dead ; Naii-wang, king of tho .south, a man of
letters ; and l'ay-«aiig, king of the north, young, and
of groat strength and intrepidity, the hero of the iu-
surroctioii. Such were the tive chiefs whose army now
aetod in concert, and they were aided and abetted b^
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
107
a grout iniiiilicr "f infrrior ullicrrs. Two iiiiiiistors iiro I siiiii cmliussit's) all hut ln|iiiliirii'.s iiiistiiko for diiiiTiondi,
also cliMc'i'\ iiif{ (if iiiriilioii, iH they iiiiiy I'liiy an iiiiiior- alinunil. 'riiriiii|;li tliis ciiiiiitrv tin- Mnii^nl^,-' puslio)!
taut. |iirt., sisn'.ilil »ho ('liiii.'><(^ \>iwl\ \n- siicfi'SMfiil, ami j tlii-ir way, liglitiiii; with liihc al'trr Inhc. ami ii^jjjrr-
cari-y till (1 ly apiilist tin; Maiitrlm 'rartars. Olio is a gatiiij,' tlii'in uiidiT ihi-ir " slarnlanls." 'i'lii' I'lirtlitT
little Kliar|i, cIcvit |iorM(>iia>,'i', Kiiui; y chaiij,', hy iiaint'; i they advaiu'tMl. tin' i^'fcatcr ui-cw thrir iniinlicis ; ami
thti otIhM' is thill, il^ly, ami hiiiiy, hut a hiuhly filiiiMited ' they iiicrcasi'd hy di'^rivrs like a I'nlliii'^ siinwhall,
' ■' .■ ■. • 1 - . ^ .1 iiii|i,'rn'|itih|y lar>,'i'r and lai'j^'T, till men hchcld
mail, aiid t'lc autlmr, it is su|i|K>s('d, ii| iiio.it of th(^
]iroc!jii',iations issiipd hy tlii' insiirKi'iits ; this is the
jicrsnii whii IS h<'li(!vi'd to hu a Chaiij si, or I'rott-staiit,
and a iiii>iuh*>i' of tlic " C/liiiicsi' Union," if not an actual
disrijilc of (iut/.lat)"s. His iiauic is tJlii ta-kai.
K'lt soldii-rs, Tartars, ladies, iiiaiidariiis, and iiirr-
rliaii's, and |i<mi|iIi' inakin;{ liiilidi>y in Canton — a
hastard |io|)ulatioii hctwiMMi that of Wapjiin^ and the
worst I m ft of LivcriMMil — art' not the t/'liinrsc pc iplo.
Wn must trai'h you sonicthiiiK ahout llicni hi-fori! \vc
^o t'urtlii r aloiin tlio coastr, or else we shall always he
on the oiit.sidi- of tilings. Wo will thi-n'foii' toll you a
story, whii'li hi'iiig trii", will give you a coniiilcli' insight
into tilt) liahits and liianncrs of that |iorti(Ui of thi'
Chim-so jwojdt! who arc not on the scahoard.
v.— THE FIHST OF THE MINGS
Possmi.v our readt-rs, hy li'iidiii},' tlii'ir attoution to
a sliort an<l intcrcstiiij; narrative, may he the hotter
onahled to learn siillieient of tlio modern history of
llio (Miiiieso dynasties, and some .s|>eoial |ieeuliarities
of Chinese religious and |ioliti<'al systems, to give
tlioiu a useful insight, in an agreoahio manner, into a
suhjeet more than usuilly eonfnsed and nniiitelligilde,
sueli as (Chinese history is in goner.il. The stiu-y wo
are ahout to toll them of tho olevaticui of lliin^ woo,
the first eMi|ieiMr of llii! Ming dynasty, is translated,
andoi' course aliridge l.iV m the iluiigwoo-Tsueu ('hiion,
in ton small volumes, itself a partial ahridijinent of
the liislory of tln^ Ming emperors, in sixty eight
volumes ; and this .ihriiliiinent is regarded not as a
romaiiee, hut as an liistoiioal text hook.'
It happiMie Mil the l^ltli century c»f our era, that
the M ui^ols, a trihe of wi-eteliod harhariaus living on
th(! fronti' rs of ('.iheria, thought it a very hard thing
lliatthev should pass all their days under snow ainl ice,
wliilo other heings, made of the s.iMm tlesli and hlood,
rovollei, in all the liixuri's of tin- South. They,
tlieroforo, held a coiineil, in wliicli it was resolved to
follow in Its winter tliglit the wild goose, a hird, in
their opinion, more .sagacious than .stupid. Homo may
he sweet, hut I'o one likes to starve in it ; nor C(MiIc|
any fatigues or perils of the way oipial what they had
to sutfor in their native steppes, — a day's hard l.ihour
in t\w snow for the chance of half a <lav's food. There-
tore, having cuieo liidilen farewell to the icy mount liiis,
and touiid their way, through snows knee deep, to a
more genial region, all traces of their former hahitatioiis
wore ohiiterated, and they Imric'd the rememhranco of
their t^'iits in ohiivion, until nearly a century after-
wards the Chinese reminded them of tiieir lost fumforts,
and sent them back, attended hy a military escort.
How this happened we shall now relate.
Central Asia is an inimenso plateau, whore little
groNTS but stunted gra.ss — where sjind is plentiful, and
shiuing pebbles which, ('iceording to accounts of Uus-
' There is aTvitliiT tcxt-bcMik ; " The Tai-tien," tiy uii oiiipiTor
of the Ming dyimsty, in 22,8<J7 clinptcrH, and nearly that iiuiii-
b«r of volumoa.
them in the heginning of the thirteenth century a
ooinplote a\alaiiehe, which at last came plunging
down upon the l^-oiitiers of the l\ni einpire— wheri'
these wandorei's wijie not only reipiosted not to move
any further, but even ordered to pay triluite for lioing
allowed tii dwell where they were in sah'ty. Having
no alternative, they yielded to circuinstaiices — ami be-
came, in the languagi' of the Kin court, " humble
VBRSiils, most revorenli.'dly oh<>dioiit, like the kings of the
' Tin' Mdii^iil trilii's );i'iu'nillv iirc u stout, Ki|uiit, Hwiirthy, ill-
fiviiiiri'il nii'r iif iiii'ii, Inning' lii^'li iind linniil hliiuililcrH, uliert,
linnii' it<Mi'i4, i>niiit('(l iinil {irnniini'iit rliiiis. Inn^ tt-ctli ilistatit t'rniii
nicli iithcr,- I'Vi's lilick, i'lli|rtM'al, and iinslcadv, — thick utiiirl
necks I'xtri'niilii'S Ixiiiy mihI nervous, inUHulnr lljijfhs, lait ►holt
li'^'«, witli a shiliit't' lu'urlv or i|uitc ei|ual totlic Kuro|ifan. 'M'i'\
arc nomadic in their haliit-*, and ruIisImI on niiinud tbo4l, derived
eliietly from tlii'ir llneks and lierds. 'lliey liavc a written lan^uap',
Imt their literature is limited mid mostly reli|;ious ; the Kiiiiie
lan);iiiigu is s|Hil,en hv all the Irilies, with sli^'ht vi,riati(His, unil
only H smiill admixliire of foreign words. Most ot the aeedinils
l';uro|i(iiiis |ios-eS'" ol their ori^'in, tlieir wars, and their liahits,
weri' written hy foreijjners liviiiL' "f traxellin;; ainoiii: tliein ; tail
thev tlieiii clvi's, .Ts Ai'l'ulioeh remarks, kii'w iis little of these
tliin(;s as nits or marmots do ol tlieir di-ei lit 'I lie tiite ot the
vast swaniis of this laee wliieli linve di ^rei did Iroin the tiihle
kinds of Central y^sni, and ovrirnn the pi liiis of India, China,
Syria. I' t^ypt, iiml Knstrrn I' iiroi e in ditii rent apes, and the rise
mid full of the jjipintie empire tliey themselves eieeti-d mid*-r tliii
(ienj;liis in the ehventli iind IweltMi eentnriis, ale ainoii); the
most, reimirkalile epis.,des in the wmld's hist. ry. They have
alwa\s maintained tiie siinie eli;inii'ter in tlieir ii:iti\e uildtt, and
t heir eon(|iiests have In i n rxtei miiiiit ion< tiii hii t hun snhjn^ations.
'I'lie iiuniher of pelly tr.lM'sand liimilies ..t iliis riiee within the
limits '.f the Chinese einpire is not Kiioxmi. In Inner .M(inu..|i:i,
tliere are twent\ -four iintitiA:i, or trihes. arianped ninl. r six
fhiilktDm. In ( lie er .Mongolia, the Kiilkas are L'overned liy four
khiilis. The Ortons, Tsiikhars, Kieiillis, and Korlehin, are the
largest triU's m xi to the Kail. is. 'I'he T t'otlis, llorsoits,
( horos, and Kho'ts, are an Hill, the trihes dwelling' in Koko-nor.
In 111, the MiiiiLrels are mixed n]i with mid siiliordiiiiite to tiihes
of tiirki^h ori|;in . the loinier are inosllv Ituddhisis, while the
hitter are hipited Mnlianimadiins
.\eoordinj; to Ahul^razi Itayadiir Khan, who w;is himself a
deseendmil of /iii);his Khan, c. minnnli called (ieii^diis, Alaiiza
Khan, who was the sixth in descent fioiii ,laphet, had
twin sons, one callid 'hilar, from win ni dcsi'emled the
'I'arlars, and llie other Muii);e, ' the sorrowful or nioriise,"
whence the .Moguls iir Mon^-ols, holh h\ corruption. (lli.\l,ii: e
(irnrn'ot/iquf i/r.v Titlttrx tniiiuiff ilii niiuiuarnt Tntnre
trAltit^iiazi liitt/intur Kfimt. Ko. I.eulen, 172li, ]i. 23 ft .vy.)
Ill our own times the Mongolians of the Kast pri'sent some
■narked features of distinction from those ot the West. The one
live in towns and fixed dwi llinjrs, the olln rs me nomiidea. They
dill'cr also in tlieir Iini;n.i).'e and rehi.'ion, and in their hahits,
manners, dress, mid iipp, araiiee The Mon(;ols jiroiHT are
divided into three great nations; the Tshakar, Khalklias, and
Suniiit, the Western Mo'igols into Kalmuks. Iliishkirs, lluriats,
and other roving t lilies. Hesidcs the twenty lour, or, according
to some, twenty-six, Aiinaks in the former, with their liereditury
princes and fourdrcHt Khans, there are nnnieioustrilies of greater
or less ]iower and importance, as ahove noticid, hill the lelationa
of which hiive not lieeii aeciiralely determined. The hest
authorities, Ahiilgn/.i, I.eyih'ii in the Memoirs of llaher, I'alliiK,
Klaproth, Kitter ill the " Krdliindc von Asieii," and lliillman,
"(iesiclite des Mongolcii," arc all agreed, however— notwithstand-
ing tlie eonfiision that has so long prevaiU'd with regard to the
Turkish and Tartar and the Mongolian races -as to these primary
distinctions, more especially as re;:ards the .Mongolians, as
diBtingnished from the other riiranian races, whether Tnngiuian,
Hyperborean, Chinese or Thihetiaii.
108
ALL RUUND
I
It
Wwt." Ah for tlicw^ Kin, tlicy liml in tiiiii's of yon-
betiii cnllrd Xiniilr/ii, iinil livfil on tlic liaiiks of llii'
){liu.'k DniK'"' I'ivrrs {llihhnuj KriiiKj), Imviiin fn^iii
aiiiiiliir iiiotivcN, ami in u similar niannrr with the
Mon^jol.s, rcniovnl from tlu- South. 'I'lu'ri' tlicy lirst
ovcrtlirrw tilt! KHtniM, a Tartar iionlr, who hiiil for
many years ilictatcd hiWH to China ; Imt were siir|iri.sci|
that tlii'ir h-ss civilised hrcthrcn wiKlicd to imilatf thrir
(■xiini|ilc. Tin- Chinorto at fii-st rojoiicd at thfir doughty
deeds, and .sent thcni presents and exhortations to |ier-
novere; hnt tint Kin, without further dispuie, took
[io.s.so.ssion of all the ti'rritorj' to the north of llwau;; ho,
nnd the river llwoc, and then made arran<;iinents with
the KeUiiis, that, to Jirevent further tinhliuK. I'iieli
shuidd keep as much of the Chinese territory as they
could dofund. Thus wiis ono-tiiird oft 'hina, ooni|insinj,'
most of the northern province.s, Iloii|iih, .Khan turi<;.
Shansi, 8hen-si, llonan, all under the rule of harharian.s.
They had lieen in ipiiet ]ios.session oftlie.se fertile traets
for ahoiit a century, nnd had given up the idea of
ceding them to anyb<Mly, for they lived upon their
manoi-a — as comfortably as diil the Mantihous, until
within the last ten yeai-s — when lo 1 the .Mongols put
in a word, to claim an eipial right to the booty. At
that time the terrible (Jeii' '■, was the Mongul chief,
an<l as this I: 'vo thought , .i)|ier to claim the whole
g|ol)o as his rightful pos.sessii>n by the dei ices of heaven,
he naturally included idso the Kin monarchy. The
veterans of the desert appeared — :ini| within a few
years all northern China lay prostrate before them.
The Chinese lived at that time luuler^a line of
princes, who hy tln'ir ill suciess against the Kin had
lost all courage and inllucnce. A Milling thenisclvi's of
this tine opportunity for |iiiiiisliing their hated enemies,
they concluded an alliiince with tlii' Mongols, expecting,
when the coninion enemy w:is v:iiii|iiislied, to shuie the
spoil. Hut (ieiighis had no such intention— his wsus
the lion's share. The Chinese, liv way of making sure,
took pos.session of the most iiiipoit.int fortresses to the
south of the Yellow l!i\er. Thi.s, though patriotic on
their part, did not suit, the disposition of the Mongols,
who regarded it as an act of treachery. The lartars
deelareil war, and the stnigg'c l.i.-tcd fidiii 12.'il to
lw7D; when it tcrminaled in the sulimission of ijii-
(/'liinese toKiiblai (or Koiiliilai) Khan as their eiiipci'or.'
' It may not Im> iiiiiiitiTi'stiii;; In ro tc);;ivi' .\liirru Pull's iu'cunit
of Kiililai I ''1111 ami liis n\\\v ul' wiirfiire. ".V c< rtiiiii cliirt',
iiuiiieil Niivaii, wiin, iilllii>ii);h <iiily tliirly years nt ntii', was uiii'!i'
t(i Kiilihii, liail siiivecili'il t<i tlii' (Imiiiniiiii of iii:iiiy liiiis ami prn.
vinoeo, which uiihIiIiiI liini tn Iniu;; liitn tlu' liiM mi army of
AtlO.OlH) liorsc. Ilin jiridcri-ssors, hnwcver, had Ih-cii va.vsaU ot'
the ^rout Khan. Aitiiiili'il liy yoiithliil vanity. ii|iciii timliii);
hiiiiM'Uat the heati iit' hh ;;reat a force, lie I'oriiird, in the year
l2H(i, tlllMlusi^'ll i>rtlin>\viii|; oil' liis allivianiv, unci usurp ii); tin-
K-ivereiunty. Willi thinvii-w, lie privately irH|)airh<'il ines.'o-n^ers
to Kaiilu, another imwert'iil chit C \vlios4! territorit's lay t<)war»ls
the greater Tartary ( liirkistaiil, ami u ho, altlioU),'li a iie|ila'H of
the liraiiil l\h:iii, was in rehcllioii apiirist him. An mhiii as
Kiihlai liiul reci'iviil iiolire of this, he collirtcd Iltiil.lHMI horx',
ami lIKI.IHH) foot, cou-isl u^joC thoM' imliviiliials u i.o were usuullv
alniut luH iKTSiiii, ami principally his falconers ami iloinestic 8< r-
vants (he niiisl have hail a );n'at many). Hill this was not liis
whole army ; many thousanil .Monu'ols, scattenil Ihroinjliout the
provincivK, were n.it only inaintHini'il from the pay they rwi'lviil
from the inipi'rial treasury, lint also from I lie cattle anil their
milk. Knlilai reaihcd wilhiii tHeiity-tive days thi' minp of liis
enemy: he cullisl his astrologom t<) asi'ertain, liy virtue of their
art, and to declare in presence of their whole army, lo which .side
victory would incline, Tliey niwcndeil the hill witli'alaerily which
repnmt<'d them from their enemy, who was nrirliu'enlly |»mleil.
In front of each liuttalion uf liorst were placed OOtJ iiil'anlry.
THB WORLD.
The M<ingols had thus arrived at the goal of their
wishes; and they imw commenced sleeping on their
laurels, u the .Maiitciius have done, whilst they very
rapaciously appiopriii ted to themselves the hard-earned
pos.sessionH of the Chinese. 'J'hese at first, seeing no
alternative, ipiietly submitted ; but, in course of time,
Chinese eyes, though small, being piercing, they saw
that their masters, the Mongols, being (piite out <if
their element, were getting stiipiil and weary, and, one
generation after another, ell'emiiiate. They therefore
began to part with their chattels not without grumbling;
and imagining that the Mongols of their day, like the
"men of the eight standards " at present, were not
likely iigiin to light over the battles of their ancestors,
watched for an opportunity to show how much they
despi.scd their insolent lords.
CHINESE LADY.
Kight Mongol emperors had sat upon tli.- lliidtic, and
the last of the race. Toll wan Teiiiur, or Shun te, a boy
of thirteen, now asccniled it. He was very timid, ami
de\oid of tah'iit ; women reigned at couit ; ministers
did as they jileased ; and eunuchs arranged and de-
ranged everything. I'.iit all wuiilil not go right —
omens, earthipiakes, .a rain of bloody hail, and sundry
other poteiit.s of no gocal succcimIciI each other. Then
arineil with short lances [ind sworils, who. whenever the cavalry
loade a show of IliL-hl, wen' practised to mount iM-hiiid their
rid.rs, and accoinpany llieiii, aii);liliii); a^ain wluii they returned
to the I'liarKu, and U lliii^' with tlieir lalici s the liorsis of lliu
eiiiniy. As soon as the hat lie was arranp d, an iiitinitF iiiiiiiIht
of wind iiislriiinents of various kinds were .soiiiidisl, and those
were succei'ded hy s. iif;... according to the euslom of the Tartars
hefore Ihey eimane in lij;ht. 'I he order for li^rhlmjr ««» Biveii ;
a hlooily conllict he^'an ; a cloud uf arnws |)ouiiil ihiwii on every
side, and then the hostile parties eni.'ai.''il in clo^c eouihat. with
lances, snords, and maces shod with iron. Nayan's forces were
devoted to their niasliT, and rather ih. se to me. t death than
to turn their liai'k U|hiii tlio enemy. Nayaii was made prisoner,
ami slialon Is'twii'ii two earin-ls until ilie spirit had depnrtisl
from him. The inolive f.ir this picnliar sentence heinu, ihal the
sun and the air slioulil not witness tin' sheddiii); ol llie lilcssl uf
one who lH'l..n>.'ed to Ihe iin|H'riai family. The trcB.ps which sur-
vivcil swore alleyiame to Kiililai. Aitcr th's signal victory ho
returned lu Kainlulu."
CHINA, COCUIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
too
ngtkin RoniR priiii-c of tin* lildod, tliiiikiiiK lie- li;ii| u |
^'I'OlltlT ri);llt to till' I'nVal illiulrlll, nil|s|ii|i'i| itllil t'M'll
stnniliMl tilt) |iiilai'i'. ISilt tlii'H' iilti'lii|ilM liiilcil. Tllc ;
I'liiliri'KH (laii;.'litt'i'. nil iii'i'iHiijilii'i'. f'urli'iii'il lin lid'; anil
tilt" liii\ -cmiii'i'iir jiirti'iriii;;. likr nil Imys, play t« busi-
ricsH, Ipl't i'\rrytliiii;{ In liis t'liiiiulis. j
Snirct'lv liail In- I'lilcrril liin I'tli yi-ar, liitviii^ titkun
one of liiM I'atlu'i'.-t wiilowM to wiCi-, iiiiil t'orri'il tin' :
iMi|H'rial prini't'ssi's into his lian'Mi (sjiys lliis vcnuious
liistoiy,) wlicn insurgi'nts,' in four ilitli'irnt plai'cs,
without liciiis; oonncrtt'il with carli othrr, siniulta-
nconsly iiroclainicii tlii'ir intrntion to Hiilivcrt tin'
n'ii;nin;{ ilyiia.'*ty. Two of iIii'm' arose in tin- pro-
viiu'o of Kwanytun;; ; liiit, as this wa.s at a vrry n'"''!»t '
ilistani'f from the capital, (as far, in fart, as from Kiliii- i
Imrfjli to Mailriil.) llio Kni]M'ror rari'il as littln aliniit it i
as till' latr Taon kwini; iiscil. Matti'i's wcri', howi'vcr,
ilisinsst'il in council, anil one ninoii;.'st the niinistcrs
ilcclatcd, that tlicM' revolts oUi;ht to lie ascrilieii to Ihr
avarice of the .Moii;,'iil ollicers, who Ininleneil tlie mi-
liappy people lieyoiiil rniliii'ahce. This was a honiely •
truth the yoinii; prince coiilil not ilii^est At a piililic ;
anilience, he therefore aihln -..eil hi- niinislers, sayiiij^, '
'' i liave lieeii (ive years on the ihrone, ami perceive
•li.it the j;o\ernnienl is in a state ot' lonfiision, so that
I am restless liay aiel iii^ht, ami can never enjoy
myself I ask, my loiijs, whether you cannot prepare
for me any sjitisfactury pistnne ("
Dneof those present, calleil Sat im, specdilv answereil,
'• I.,et us enjoy life, carouse and drink, and you may
make siiro of real mirth " i!iit another statesman
present, advised tho ompernr to put to (h'ath the
insidious counsellor, auil ipioted .several instances
where love of ]ilea>ure had accelerated the ruin of
princes. This heinu' uiidi'iiialile, the princo wished to
I'e-tiiw valualile pre.senis on the speaker ; hut he re-
tiised them all. sayins;. that his only icvvard was to do
his duty, (inatly conti'iil with the issue of his adnm
nitiiiii, the fiithfiil minister rejniced in the unenvialile
fill wf his eiieiiiy, when some iiiitnreseen circumstances
di'rani,'ed the « hole plan. A creituri' of Sat iin, the
depraved i-i'intier. had on the s;inn^ day collected a
comp;iiiy of mo>t lii'aiil il'iil |>lay-acti'es.ses, and was just
wendiiijj his way tow.irds the jialace, when he met
Sat-un, with cloudi'il Imnv ami a liHik licspeakin;; dis-
tress of mind. He immediately en;,'ayeil himself tu
settle the s\iliject of his nnister's uneasiness, went u:. del
the windiiws of the harem, and presented to the asito-
nished queens his cirrU'iji;. From this moment, the
prince's mini wa.s clian;;eil ; and ns soon itH lu- had
^'iveii audience, he immedi.itcly repaired to tho inner
apartment, and there s|)ont >hiy and night in witnessing
jilays.
' " Roliliors," says Dr. Newman, in his " Translation of tin'
History i^'( the ChtiieM' Pinites,*" '* un' inisuiivKstiil niiKHUTors.
It' the foiiiidiT 111' tlu' .Man; ilynii..ly liml failed in liis relH'llion
MpiinsI the .Miin^eU, histeri umilil li:ive nilleil liini a mIiIht : iiinl
ifiiiiy eiieiit'the variniis ruhlier rliiel's wlm in ttie i'()ur!*e nt' the twn
last centuries iiiinle war ii^.iitiitt the rei^nin^' Mtuileliu hail over-
'hrowiilln'ifcivernnieiitor ih''ro-i'ii.'ners,thi'i>tlieiiiI liislnriojtr.iphers
ottlie' Middle Kiniiiri' ' wmild hav,- called him the f'art'iimi'tl illun-
.V/uu* fW^r lather nl' thf new dynasty. Tlie Iriiit of lalmar is tixi
often taken out of their hands, justice sold ti)rinoni'y,and nothiiii;
issjile from their r.ipa.ioiis and liiMirioiis masters. IN'ople arist-tn
opjHise and act according to the philosophical principles of liiiman
nofiety, with 111 any elnir idea alKint them. Kolilnrs and I'inites
lire, in fact, the op|Kisitii>n party in the des|K>tieal empires of the
Kast ; and their histv.rj \a far more interesting limn that of the
reigning despot."
On a certain iiii^ht he fell weary on hiitcoiinh, and
then dreamt tint wasps and ants tilled the liareiii.
Having ordered his attendants to sweep (he h ill, tlierii
started from the south a man drcs.sed in purple, who
lioreon his left shoulder the si'.;n of the siiii. and on ||i^4
y\h\\\ the moon ; in his hainl he held a liesnin, and soon
swept the whole clear. The emperor li.isl ily aski'd,
" Who are you (" The straiioer did not iiiiswer, liul
drew his sw'ord, ami made towards the emperor, who
wishini; to a\oiil him, endeavnurcil to run nut ol' the
palace, the iliior of which the m.in cl.id in piirph' ininic-
dialely closed. The alaiincd mniiarch called aloud lor
the assistance of his s.ixatits, and then awoke
This dream, as aflerw.ii'ds appe.ii'ed, had reference
to lii.s successor. His mijesty was just relalin^j the
curious vision to his ileir spoii.se, when on a sudden a
tremendous crash, reseiulilino ii clap of thuinler, w.i.i
heard. The .sool hsaM'rs were at the moment inter-
pi'eting what the s.iid driaiii mioht siouify, and all ^.»
one man ran to use riaiii the cause of this noise. 'I lie\
loiiiid that a wini; of th" palace had filleii in. and that,
under it, was to he seen a deep civern, from wlninn
rose a lilack vapour. Anxious to a.scerlain what (his
niiolit lead to, the emperor caused a criminal, under
sentence of death, to lie let down, who liroiioht up a
stone talih'l, upon which, in the oliseure lalii;uao' of a
S\ liil, a Kinldeii revolution comini^ liom ihesnuth west,
and tin? expulsion of the Mmhoi.Is, were linclold.
Nohody, however, would under>iaiiil the meaning of
it this way ; hut the courtiers suggested it migli" lie
ni'ce.s.s;iry to change the name of the reign, as th.it
Would, at once, settle the matter. In the meanwhile
the chasm had closed, and the infatuated monarch lmm'
himself up to the siiperstili.iiis ri(csol' iiinldhist prie.s(s,
ami the iiio-t inl'ainoii-, deliaiiclieries. in.iccessilile to
all liut the companions of his vices, the ^"Veiiiment of
so vast an em|iire was entirely iie;;lci'fed hy him, and
whilst roliliers traversed I he land with iinpiiiiity, the
most dreadful scourges from on hii^h alllicted the
siilfering nation. All was ripe lor icvolt ; a leader
only was wanting
Let us leave the ]ialace for a while, and descend to
a temple. In Keaii^' sii there is a place called Tiin-
yung fu, and in its nelghliourhood a small town named
Chung le lung Keing. Close to this is a romantic
temple, where a nuuilier of fat liuihlhisl priestsenjoyed
their indolent life. One cold winter's day the aliliot
as.senil>leil all his hrethren, ami told them that In-
wished to spend the evening in conteinplaiioii, aiul
therefoie must not lie ilistiirhed. He suddenly found
himself transported to the elysitim of , ill the idols lip
woi-ship|)ed, and there was open court held. The
general conversation of the ;;ods ret'ctred to the troubles
which then distlirlied the empire, and they were
unanimously of ojiinion that a saye o'^^ht to lie liorn
in order to set matters to rights ; hut thoiii;lit it best
that some worthy of a former glurimis ,ige slnaild aj^ain
hi' born of ,'i virtuous woman, liut those good kings
of old, liavino in the interval been metamorphosed into
stars,- tlit^y dul not relish the proposed change as far as
' " It is a coininon opinion amiaij;^ the ('tiine>e,"* says a writer
in the Vissivnurtf ileratii. l.S.'iii, "that the recions of the dead
are placed under the government of a single iiidividud. who acts
as erimiual juilvre, anil punishes the soul aeronlin^ to ils sins in
this life. Kor this pur[iose lie is said to have eiiihti'eii plaeis of
punislnnt-nt, each varyinj; in intensity according to the desire oi
the |.'uill of those who are eonsij;ned to tliein. The t'lnnese
divide Ike universe into three divisions, the first including the
no
ALL HOUND THE WORLD.
t'lsr
I !
ilie^ wi'n> (•Diiconipd. Tlioirsilcni'i" avjiilcil tn liindcr
h\\ tllcotlicr (•rl|I.^U!lllltinll,^ t'nilil iH'iM'|it ilii{ tlic plnlU'ri'il
hiiiiiiiir, until two litlli' ]HTiiig .st.iis (uf wljjrli we dn
not know oxiu'tly tlif niuni's in Knj,'li>li, Imt tlicy k('i'|i
their I'c.urt Honii'wiirri' in tlii< ncigliliiiiirliooil of tlic
(Jrciit Hear), aftt'r niiuli wii;;j{linj,' imd inyncsH, took
the Sun nnil Moon ^'cnlly in thiir hunds, and putlink;
thrni tojfi'thiT, itgrri'd thiit thr niinit! of the ni'w
dyniistvKhonlcl lio Mint/ — •' ltii),'hlnL'SM " (fiirincd liy thr
two ('liinoKi' rhiinicti'i's rrjirfHcntinK tht' Sini and Moon
lit'ing uiiitt'd) iind tlmt one of thi' Inminarii'.-i .shoiilil
Luconio enipcror and iIik othrr liis consoit, (thiit i'^, thi'
mule and ftMindi' prinriplcs of ihi' l)iialisMi, )'('/( and )'(/";/,
should rule the world in liylitronsncss).' This hcinn
lowpr rcRinn!!, tho looond ttio prcHrnt «iirl(l, mid llm third tlic
UJipi'l' rctfldiiH, i>r tlic dwelling,' pliKi' nt llii' H'oU crlcHtiiil. Tin'
iidiitliitiiiitH iif till' tir^t ui'i' I'lillcd ktriiii, '»|iiril«' or ' ^rliost*,' iiiul
tlinsf of tile third art' calli'd .vA/h, 'c'I'Ii*.* hi rfsp*'i't t(i tli**^'r»//,
it iH Hii|i|miii>>l tluit Kiiiiio (liHo'iid ill I III midc of iiiiiniid ixixtt'iici',
uiid ai^ Ixirii hriitcH ; t>oiii>> contiiiiii' in u Ht'piirutc Mtiitr, in tlit* I
fiirni of hiiii);ry mid tiiini:<liiii); i;liii»ls; sonii' iirv iipiiii Imrii in n
hunnin I'lirni ; wliilc I'lH- ri»i' in tlm sciilc cif liciiii; mid Iki r
'ifiHlii.' lloiHV I lie pnu'tii'i' (il'prr-i'iilini,' iiU'irinL'H '>( \<«A lo iIm'
dead, which privails 80 iiiiivcrodly anmnij tlic Cliiiiciii', 'I'liin is
dune I'nr tlic U'lictit of tlic 'Hpiiils' uf the dead, and tii picvcnt
tlicni from Aimf iniiiry tu llic living'.
" Aivordiii^; In the ('liinc»c, llic llinc mini* and seven npirll" of
each indivldiud .irc uiicicalcd ; and lliiiiiuh Kcpiirated fiiiiii the
b<xly at death, tliey may ii;,'iiiihc collccicil, ami eon^titiite anntlicr
person, when they will liwc all 'onsciniiHiirsi of a former hie.
TliUM the Chinese acknimlcdu'e no I'rcainr as the aiithnr of tHcii-
existei'cc; and, ciiiisei)iieiitK, they rccngnise mo uhli(;iition or
duties to such a Heinj;. "
•This is the j;re.it nictaplivsie.il mystery nf tin' ChinC'ie reliniiii
First, they iiiin).'i'.ic matter — tlio llrsi materiid principle — this lli y
call ttii-i'ih, and hy the o|H'ratinn of this n|Min itsdfi!) it evol.es '
tho dual powcm, )Vn am! i'aiii;, Tai keih is di .'-ci il» d as " the
Hrst link in the chain of ciiii.sis" — the extreme limit - tlie root ,
and i^irin^' of all principle and exisli'iiee, hut witlinut pimir,
wittdiMii, jiisliee, or piXMiuesji. Tlie iintfiun nf Tai-keili ^'em-ratcs |
(they say 1 a mitxtvfine power, l'(i»/ ('' li^ht and perfi ctiuii * ) ; the I
rest of Tiii-keih (iiiuinatcs a Jemiiiine power, IVm (" darkness or I
imperfection' ). From these two are derived I StriiiK/, or ima);cs
of thing's iHitli phxsieal anil nioial. ihcse I Smiii/ niilliplieil liy
2 produce H A'lCr/, or lineal ilia^rrams (I) of l-'ohi ; mltl tlioe, in
their ever-varyiii),' existence, are the ima);es, symlsils, or eiiihlem-
of all eiistences, stales, character'*, and cireuiiistiini'e.s. The jusl
proportions of Viii and Yaii^ produce harmiaiy in the universe and
virtue in the human .system : execs., in either produces discmd. |
The alternating; circulation of motion and rist iiroilmc }V//, ;
"clmnjje." Tliis imtHitii and rful iniist have a V/c. "priiniple of
order," by which they move and rest. Deyiaid Taikeih there is
nothiut:: one writer calls it "the utmost limit in the midst of
illiniilahleness,'* by vUiii'h he was hcheveil to express "that in the
midst of nonentity there existed an inlinite J-e " ('). ihe J.r is
called illimituble by its bein^ imposs.ble to repi'tseiit it by any 1
figure " beeanse it was unti'cedcnt to iiothiii(;iiess " (!), and
further, " subject to existences, as it always has iH'ing" (I).
i'liny is explained to mean ihe centre or midi//* — licnevolence
and excitement —and hy these the Tai-kiih oiierates : ruri-lousiieiix,
r'()hleousuet.s, and j////ii;.v,T coiistitnie I'i'n, and hy these the sub-
stance of the Taekeih is established. These six arc blended, and
form one complete siilistanee or Ixxly, but rest is always chief
lord : and man is hy these estahlislied: and heaven, earth, sun,
mxin, and the seasons : also demons and ^'ixU are thus re^jutated
by a power which they cannot oppose.
The (;o<h1 man, by caution, and care, iiml fear, cultivates respect
for these principles of nature : the had man, by carelessness,
depravity, and extrav.tganei', ojuxises them, and is involved In
calamity.
There is another principle opiK)»ite to Le, "cause," viz., A>,
the grosser substances of existence, — natter — as "form and
substance." Two singular expressions of Chinese metaphysics
may be quoted. " In the )'«'i.7 principle, hardness and Ix'iievo-
lence go together. In the i'm princijile, soltni'ss anil riqiiteout-
nrtl are conjoined," and " Heaven, earth, and man have each a
I'at-knh ;~h\ii the three Keih au' really only one Taekeih."
This is from the 3rd buuk uf the Yih-king, cuutaiulug the
iiiitilii'il. they aiji'ci'd to tiike, in tho r<intli niiintli of thr
next year, tlii'lr di'|iiirtiiri' to tho onith. I'lio gnind
i|ui'stion wiM now to Iind out a family worthy to liriiiK
this th'w Kovcri'ion into the world. This cau.srd
atna/.iiiy tronlilc ; since only In strrlinjj virtue of
srvoral grni'i'iitioiiH' I'liduruin')' would the honour lie
awai'ih'd. In the nir.mw Idle thr ontralii'i'd priest wa.i
sent all "lit his liiisini'ss ; and found, on awaki'irin^', that
ho was lying on a iiai'd oold coiirh. in a I'lmtn very
dilli'i'i'iit frojii till' Missful regions w hii'li ho had just
lift. Ih'ing, Iniwi'Vi'i'. of a very ini|iii^ili\e ea.st of
iiiind, he ri-gi'i'ttid imt having inipiired the names of
the peo|i|e wliu Were to proiliu'e the fill lire august
pi rMiiiiiges. and deterniinrd, in order to get at the
.sirret at oni'o, to transport liim-i'lf l>y rigid iilistraetiou
(whicli is done liy looking sli adily at one's navel)-' to
the idols' court. 'I'lieie lie was told that heaven'.s
dei'iees must Hot he liitrayed, and that he must wait
with palii'iii'e until they were exeiiited.
Time NjH'd on, atul the old aldiot had nearly for){(itten
the vision, when on a sudden he was informed that
the true "hoaveti's son" had now eonie. Atixiously
he looked out at the foot of the hill, iM'iir to which he
was standing, to perceive this wondertnl Jiersonage ;
when lo ! to hisdisippoinlment. he saw it poor vagrant-
looking man. w itii Ins pregnant wife, who told him, iu
a few words, that he had I'l en driven from his lioiiso
by Mongols, and was seeking a relative, hoping to earn
with liim a livelihood liy spinning. "Can this he the
• liea\ en's son /' " .said the alihnt to liimself, douhtingly.
His heart sank, and he retained Neareely 1 oiirago
enough to a.sk the liopeless utraliger, who eouhl nio\o
no tiirtlier. (o take up his aliode in the neighhonring
vill.ige. This man's name was l.'hoo Sheehin, and tho
father of the hero ot our !<tory— the founder of the
Ming dynasty.
On the following day the old friar received from a
stranger, who iniiuediately afterward.s disa]ipcared, 11
]iill to facilitate the delivery of the .said lady. When
li.r lionr was eome, the villagers hearil tht^ lliusie of
the sphei'e.s, the veiy hiids lluttered nlnuit rejoicing,
and a lirilliant halo, proceeding from the sun, was
lellecteil liy the eloiid.s. I'lider all these jihenoiiieua
the child eaiiie into the world; and the holus, w hen
Jhx'trine ot Ciiaiiu'i s, and the iMiiil I'lmers of Nature. Ihe
author of Ttie l'r\ti'ie.i nf Crat'uii must here acknowhdge
himself ilefealed. This is the philosophy that all the wise men
of old travelled to the Kiist to learn, and this is an uiahaiblcd
fragnantiirv tradition of tin' most ancient meta)<liysical system lU
the world. Alas hir linnian intellect, lelt to itsell !
All that we h.irn from the Cliincsi' inelaplivsicians is, that,
from two hut/iinijx, put into a bag by nobody, and left to lie ipiiet,
somethiiit/ is geiu'rated, whiih, liy ft'imeiilation, jirodiices some-
bodq; anil tliis stimehody, by dividii g il.self, 1h.'Ciiiih s two
coiii.,.iir.i, that act upon each 01 her and develope aumtlhiny ; out
of which irradiially eniaiiates fi'o'i////oo/.
• The (iiiostics, who in ihe second and third centuries blended
with the sublime and pure faith of Christ many wundniim but
obscure tenets, deiived from orientiil philosopliy, and even from
the religion of Zoroaster, coneerniig the eternity of matter, the
existence of t.vo principles, and ilic nivslerious hierarchy of the
1.. isible world, adoiited this nonsensical notion among others.
Ihey helievisl that the divine s)arit of the world, by hiiig mn-
templation. would strike "upon them, on the stomach!" It
would not be out of place to note here, that tlicTaou (rationalist)
and Itnddha priests use 1111 smerisni and animal magnetiBiu largely
uiid miscliievously in llieir rites; and that the Chinese priistB,
who combine the idolatry if both sects with the cold, sentimental
philosophy of ('iinfiiciii.s, are also conveisant not only with much
of the "magic" of the ancient "tire-wiirshippers," but also
those tricks and secrets tiy which tlie prie«tliixid ot the Pagans
exercised such iudueuce over the worshippers of their koiIs.
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
Ill
ttitnn by his mnUirr, fillcil tho room with thft RVMtOBt
licrriiiiii^ lli.i tUthrr tlicii wont out Imtliiii^ ; mid
thero ll()iit<ul down th<> river, iih vury selduiu li:i|i|irris,
a Bplutidid |)i<>('o lit' ri'd sitiii, of wiiich ho iiuiiii'iJiMti'ly
mudu a dro^<.s fur tlu' Intln*. Ilo wan yet a |iiiliii^
infant when iiin fiillicr |iri'Mcntcd him ln!fon,' tin'
idolH, wluMt! lie rcci'ivcii liin niiiiKi of (Mmo Viicii-
hung, I'overty ohli<;i'il the fiUlicr to Icavii the
phii'i) witli liis three elder ehililreii, and liire
liini.ii'lf as a ooinnmn hihonrer, whilst Chnu Yiien-huni;,
who frei|uentiy iilayed ali'Hit in the toin|ih', wati aj»-
p>inted a eowhoy. Wlien ranililinj^ with the other
boyM over hill and d le, tliey |irii|ioHed to play the
eniiiemr, and fur tliis |iiiriiiise raised a mound of oarth
to re|iresent the tin'oiie. All the nreliin!< Murroundfd
it, liiil nnTii; of them dared to ])eiNiiinfy the nionanh,
until llinif^-woo, llio name hv which we shall in future
call him, aseended it, and v th a i;rai ioii.H and nra\e
air received tlie linm.ii,'eiif his |ilayfelliiws, 'I'hi.shiinif
froi|ui'ntly rc|)e,iled, ;,Mve him a yreat iiamo anmnnst
those littlo fellows ; and ho had. mmiover, tlie knai k
of makinuf his cows man li in a row, like Holdicrs, in
token of his futurt! j^enerdship. In one of these frolics
he killed a calf took .smiie lirushwood, roasted the
flesh, and fejisted his companions. His m.istcr, <lis-
coverinn ''"' Iriik, liy the treason of one of liis con-
feder.iti's, turned liim out of doors; and tho future
emperor of China, like the jj;reat Napoleon iu his
youth at I'aris, wils hard jiut to it for a dinner.
After .si'VumI niiraeles jierformed iu his favour to no
pur|(ose, he was admitted a Jiiiest. and appointed
KCuUerydMiy to (he temple, in which resided tho old
nhbot wlio first .saw the heavenly vision res|K>eting him.
J hing-woo finally ohtnined employ with his mother's
brother, hi.s father lieing dead. It was summer, anil fmnily wlm liiem, It wna
our hero having never trouhled himself mmdi ahont pi""' '" inl'Tin tlie villa;;!'.
books, was now for the first time, in his eighteenth
year, scut to school.' Here ho had to suffer very miudi
from liunger, and a compa.ssionate ilamsi 1 aniiialily
supplied him with cakes. He was delightfully I'li-
gagcd iu eating them, when his uncle summoned him
to wheel a barrow, loaded with plums,- to the nearest
town. An unforti'nate ipmrrel on the rof\d IwJ to
blows, and their untiui.ni^l was laid lifeless on the
ground. 'I'his was lathor a ticklixh atlliir ,* and, meet-
iiiiil li'lmiit'ly wiilkt'd
•nil limi)rlit It iiliiiii, »lilili tlii.y piv« tli.' prifnt Up liowlnj,-,
lliHiiki'il tliciii, mill turning tn liir itowiI siiiil, ' | ,| t »liili to
Ik' m iiuv. ami rii|ih'Ht ymi, inv li'j.niU, tn piiitiilic wiili mi' ,.f ijim
'''■'"■' l'l""i' '> iflli.iii rrplii'il, '.%,.« viiu Imv.' it, wliv ilii
,V"il ii"t cat it Vdiirsiir:-' • I mint mily llir^tiiiin In |.liiiil,''Miiiil
111', inline It ii|> lit II mil When nii.M. l,i' lielil tin. Mniii' in
Ins liiiiiil, anil tiiliinun .|mil,' „(r IiIh «linii|,l,.r, iln^ u ImU- in llni
»:i"nhil '.I'vi'iiil iii,|i,.« il,.,.|,, intii »liii'li !„■ |,ni it, iiinl nivi'ml it
with lart'i I hi'ii, inrniiiir to tl atk,t.|„."|il.', hi- priK'nnil <nniu
hriith. Kill, which JM' wiit.'i-i'il anil l inliznl it : im,) „ihei.., »i,h.
"'f •" "I"'t »im|,l turn ii|., hi'..ii>:lit him h..ilini.' ilri'n^ |V,,ni
»'"'1'» ">'"'■ 'i.*. wl'ii'" lie I ml ii|" n thi' Imh' jiiHt llll^.^ IAitv
imi..'h ly. .. JH'in^: llxnl n|iiin Ihe i<|i..|. ihev *i«' a m»ilo'il nhnii't
iwiiinj.' Inrth, Hliiih >{r»iliiall,v imrni.iil till it Ixciime a tire,
lavnijf hnini'hi a anil havi's; lliiw.rs anil thin IVuit miii'inUil,
liirm' anil viTy Iriiirront, which invcuil ihc Inc. Ilic priest
then a|i|iii,mhi'.l llic tivc, |>lni'ki'il the Iniil, ami (jave the he-
lii)Iilcr»; iiiiil when all »ci ii-iimcil he 1,11. il the trc »ith a
C()ltiT-ili..|,|,in(; I,,,- II j.,,,,,1 while, uiilil ,.i i;i.t, having cut it ,.ll',
lio aliiiulili It'll llu' Ihliatfc ill an ciny inanni i,
BWiiy.
• Wla'ii tirst the pricut hoiran lo licilimn his manic iirtu, the
Tillaccr was also animi); the ciuvmI, with nulsttctclii .1 iick anil
pii/.iiiK eyes, anil , |ilelcly fn|-«..l liis iivvri hii^iiie-s. When the
|iiii»l Inil Bime, ill- hc.'iiii tn IimU iiil.i his Hiiu'ini. anil hi! Ii uiiii
eiii|ity iif plnins : ami (l,r the lirsl liiiic he percciveil that what
jiail jii»t hecn ilwifihii'cil were all lii- ii» n i.'"<iil^. Morenvcr.
Iix'kin^: narrowly alHuit his wau'nn he «iw that the ilashlniara »as
t'onc. havinj; Jiisi I.eeii cut ell' Hill hi-d. .Mmli excited unil
liu'ciiscil. he ran after litin, anil as he 'iirticl the ei.rncr iif the
wall, he s.iw the Isianl thriiwn .lewn ln-ncalli llu' hcil;.'e, it la'ini;
thill with which the |,!iiin-tii'i. hn- llllcil. ,S,ili.,ily knew where
till' priest liiiil irntie. anil ;ill the maik.t liilKs lauirheil heartily."
I.\neli l,:iw is nut iinkmiwn in Cinna. Here arc two iiistancM ;
One lari;!' mIIml'c. nut liir Ir he llreat Wall, was eelehrntcil
fur its pr.'li'ssidnal ^ainhlcrs. One ,iay. the ehieruf a ennsiilcrahlci
the hiiliii III' phivinir. inailc up hiit
^ He llieri'tiire inviteil the principal
iiihahitaiits |„ ,■, li:inipiel, an I. Iii\:inls the eml ..f the re|iast, h»
ruse tn aililrcss his ^rncsis, mail me nhservareins im the eiil
ciitiscineiiees ufpnnliliiii.', anil pnipnseil In Iheiii til jiiin inassneia-
tiiin liir the evlirpiitimi of this viei' li th. ir 'village. Iho
JiriipiisHl WHS at tirsi nceiveil with asiunish nt ; liiii tinallv,
afkei a si'riiMis < siiltatinn, it «as ail.i|itel An net w.i~ ilr.nvil
lip anil Kiirneil l.y all the assiK'iatcs, in vvhi.h lliey liimml tliciii-
selves, mil iiiily Iu ahstuin Iniin playing, Kill tn watch ihenther
. ^._ iiiliahitants, anil ..ei/c npi.ii nil u'liml'ilers taken in the lac', who
"'"'iil'l '»' iriiiiieiliiilel\ carrieil h.tnre Ihi' tiilninal, tn lie piiiiishiil
' In China, when a hiil CDiiinieiicfB Ills sUulieii, an linpres-ivt- accnrilinir tn the rignr nfthc laws. Ihc .xislencc nf the ,i.,eictv
ceremony takes place, iir iliil ferimrly, Inr it ^celns tn have liilleii was imiile knnwn in the village, «ilh the narniiig that it wii»
into (lesuetmle. The IWllier lenils liis son lo the teacher, who rcMiliiie ami leaily fnr aelinii. .S.aiic ila\s iifliT'Minls, three ile-
kiieels (loivii before the luiiiic or title of some iiiic or nlher ef the teriiii i gamhlers were airesteil with the carils in their hanils,
ancient Huges, ami supplicate* their hk'ssing npou his ji'jpil J after taken l.ch,re the trihuiiiils, iM'aten, ami lineil. IIm' measure wih
cfficacinii> in putting ,|i,«n ganihhiig. Not far fmm the phice
where the aiili-gamhlmg siicic:y liii.l llourisheil, there arnse a
I'll"'' le reiloulitalile as,snciatinn. This part nf the cnuntrv is
inhahiteil hy a popnlatinii parlially I'limese, pariialh .Mniignl, anil in
intersirtcilhyninunt.iins,v,illi'>, 'ami steppes. I hevillngcss'cattereil
whieh, nciiting liiniscif, he receives the honnige ami petition of
the lad to guide hiiii in his lus-nns. A present is ex|H'cled to
iictMinpuny this intriKluctioii to literary pursuits, 'llie rnrnilurp
of the school merely consists of a desk and a stnol for each pupil,
and an elevated seat for the master. V\Km each desk are iiiiplc-
nieiits for writing, and a few hooks. In one cnrner is placed a
tahlcl or an nisci-iption on the wall, deiHcated to (.'nnfuciiis and
the Uod of Letters ; the sage is caUed the Teacher and Pattern
for All Ages, and iiiccuse is eonstaiitly burned in honour of thcin
both.
» The Liai Chai, a Chinese story iKiok, in sixteen voluiiifs, fur-
nishes a story illustrative of the selling of plums at market, and
will serve to give an idea of Chinese tales in genual ;—
" A villager was once selling iiliims in the market, wliicli were
rather delicious and fragrant, ami high iu price; and there was
n Tail priest, .'hid in ragL'cd garments of coarse cottim, hegginjj
before his wagon. The villager scnlded him, but he would not go
off; whereniKin.hci'oining angry, hercvileilanil h.Mitcdat him. Tho
priest said, 'The wagon contains many hundred plums, and I
have nnlv lugged one of tlieui, which, for uiu. respected sir,
would certainly lie no great loss; why then are yon so angry r'
The «i)Cctator3 advised to give him u poor plum and send him
away, but tho villager would not emiseiit. The workmen in the
■iwket, diiUkiDg the noise and clamour, furuislied a few copiH'is
aimingst them have imt heen coiisidcrcil nf siillicicel inipnrtaiice
by the gnvenimeiit to have mamlarii.s p.nciil in them. Keprived
of this restraint of authority, thisivild region had hecoinc the
resort uf muny hands of rohheis and inincie.iiits, u ho exorcised
their trade with impunity tliiniigl„.iit the iici.-lil.i.urhisMl IhiIIi hy
day and night. They pilla-ed ernps ami tl..cks, laying wait lor
travellers in the deliles of the nmunt i;ii», pitile'ssly stripping
them nf all their prnpcrty, undafterwiirils pin t; em tn death ; some,
times they went .so far as to attack a village ami liv il waste. The
Mandarins, though askeil for iissislanec, ilarc.1 imt attempt to
engage in a conlliet with an army of handitti. Tliat which the
.Mandarins dared not attempt, a 'simple villager nndcrtnok and
accumpli.slied. " .sJince the .Munilariiis either cannol or will imt
aid us, let us," .said he, " protect ourselves, and fnrni u lloNI."
The //o«/.v, a sneiely nf the Chinese (like nur own), are alwave
inaugurated with a feast, liegarihess nf expense, the villagers
killed an nid hullock, ami .sent letters of invilaliiin tn the villagers
nl! round. The sneiely was entitled " I'he Old Hull." The regu-
auons wi re brief and simple. The members were to emol as
I !
'M
112
ALL ROUND TUB WORLD.
iiij; with ;i nnnil'.r i>f \\\fi\ fellows, wIid liki' liimsi'lf
li.'iil ijiiiliiii;.' ti> ]'< ('. mill :ill to i;;iiii, tlnv unili'il ti>
take lliiir rlinncc •■(' tlic liittcr tiii,''lli<T. Kr^'in this
iiioiiiiiit (hilrs th<" i;ii'aliicss nt' lliiiii; woo
I'li'i!!;; (il)lij^iil til inter iiitd till' hoUM' ot' niii' ot tin"
:iliiivi' iiljcrs on ill lint nt' thi' Immw lain, thf ilowns
tiilil him tliiit till- true Heaven's Sen ha\ inu' I'ei n. Ia all
aerniiiits, liipni smiiewliere in the iiei^hlMi4iilii"'cl. ,!iey
liiiil j;oiie nut that iiinrniii); in seaich >>( him, sinei' :i
TARTA* CAVALRV lIHINitt TARTAD ARMU
W( ;e al'Oiit t.i a> kii'i«liili:i' liim their leailer. i" hen the
Ti
<1: 1
est hail tiihl tliemtiiev wixilii nieit him t>n tin
mt 'we
ha\e waited, "saiil tin
llth. il.iv.ali.l
liaxe nut met lillil.
lilt I
\VI
M
uii>; NMni hail iimie t<
h othi
e-ii' SIX I n ni|ii|«inii'ns sani In e.ieli utliel
man reiillv answers the ile.-rri|itliin ;;i\en til lis,'
•Ihl
The
xiilaijers ,-ii>riiiinileil thv huu-n' with eiiix ,.( ■• Fire! "
All hasleiieil til a li-uk rnnlii, v.hrrr the ll.imes hiul
i inketi nut.— liiit liiiw c'eat Was their astmiisliment tn
|.eiii|\e that a streak nt leil liiilil eneiii leil the ailven-
liirer; whiiwas, liowe.,r. last aslee|i. ami iimnnseuuic
n|' the ili>tinilinn. II uiii; wim, in i In- mmniiiy. ha\ ing
~i>|i| Ills |>lums .'It the market, pniketeil the mniiev, ami
went ill .-e.ireli nf new ail\ eiitiiies. The lirst tiling; lie
III! in with was .i L-Miiimstie liali. where si iiiie alhletic
li-l
llel>
rliall. M^'eil him III .>hiiw his strength.
."^nim- snliiH'i-s ha|i| I iiiiiir til ]iass. am
iliaiiv hail
i» in;; that
tn I,:
Till
iWn, .ittilMliteil tn -fly
tbfl
ese, lin\M\ir
tnnk In tli^iht. .'iml i.iii ti
a teni|ile. w lilih jllin^wnn lilirnl tn the ^.'rniiml.
~ ~ I 1 his temple lie Ii-liiiill liiai;liltirelit Iv when em|ieriir.
I I'll lliiii:; w.Hi'; letiii-.i tn hi-, iniele's hniise. he met
mni.v i.ni.lr .. |».sMlm. in tl„ir n.iiks. Ma, v Wmml I1mii,«.1vm ,„„„Ur. ol In . .i- men mi the rn.iil siile. wlm. I avinu
Ln )m' iiU\ii\s rniilv In iisstsi III T lii> I'llliint t unv* imIiIui* 'i-.,'ir .... ~
or *Ili;lll,
at' trial.
«M\» riiiil\ III ll^'«t^^ ii
111 I'llt' nil lli> l.iuil at
•iililm I any nililn r, .-ri:it
iir ai re>i, viit li>>in r-iiiii
llll III' til,' irllile
til.'
i(> triliiniaU iiiti-il'iTi il, tin
vhiile
In .nil n| hi> |'at.>, I'nllnwe.l wilhnut hesil.iliii|i .\ I that
n|, II. If |"iin<l liilu'e lialiiK III' fnli'icrs f>a\eise(l the lain!. , ami
"ly was n•^|llll1»1i le fur V hi'Iie' <r lie
lute man, Il w.is III his
t'Viiv iiiiiiiliT. anil I'lillirlivi'lv liir nil liiuils tlii\ ml ill, I In
I'liiTkrx anil niiily III' imrimsr witli uliiili ilic »iirii'i\ «il In nn.-k
Mn'ii Inlil, anil llll' ' l» 111 nililiirs till with iiniaAinu ami ii"liil
n In l»v iiie a iiiiHerlul eliii I. Kwani;
III
rie. w llll hail In eii ile
muneeil tn >;iivernmei
It t'nr ihi
ru|iiility. <.iiii' nil-''
Ih
pirjre.
Nest,
V :ill
xillai
Wlililiil :ilii|
at till' lintli
■•!■■"
Til.
in If.il..
Ill' a 111' ui.:.i'.n
il till
III I II
nil Mill' I
leil il
il -iilr
set li .' tn till' llnllM'
111
J'lHlII^'.
Tlieelli'i't 1.1 til
sn'eil till' inlialiitani-. nlil ami
III' l'rij;a
tlirm
1- i-iinii..ari' |iriiii'iiliiit:
lit til
III
II cilrnni-
wliiili' iliHlni-i til MH'li an
I'lll'lit tllUt till' I |ili
iilil I
iiiMi am a
rtirle l\i
II),' III llll
W'ilniiiit vintiiiiiit' In tmit'li il. Tin' nliilin', wt ili.' vu'iiieii i
|il«iii('il III llll' tnliiinals.
III till
I'lj iireMiiti'ii till ihM'lirs,
iler nl' I |Hi|ii mall, eni'sidi'i'i'il it ini|inssilili Inelmle
juslii-f. ami iheletnre (leel.ireii liiliisi If
u-th
nf his m'|ihi'v ■- <-u»7fi/i, kiiij; — a most wmiiierful eleva-
tinli. .\^ a I'liHif. liinreover, nf hi., yratitilile. he h|i-
jioiiilisl lliiii;; uiHi hi.~ p iieraliosimn. iiml maiiieil him
tn lil> fn.-<ler iliiuf'hti'r. the same w !in hail iifevimisly
Mi|.|ilii'il the \niiiii: ailMnluier with eiiki
III
iiriiiriliii^ I'l iliiir ni^ti'in, in a Iwilv. tn lui't't tl.i' rl.iiri;i' of
starviiiL' at
N ilie.e tiet liniii
Ill's hail liotlii
n.»MiHfti until III.
Thi'tiiiil
lie wii^ I' I
ril'll In till
ft a( I'll
ill. uliirii
tn ill I lal iijH.h I'll, what t lli'V liink 11
till
UK
rrwiinli'il iiihl .iiiiilauilril II
|i|il
luluri tlii'v sliiiiilil
rtV, lillt llirccll'll Hlhl I'nr tin
Minn lierame fnrmiilal'li
til
e nr't'
hliiilll'hniiil. Mil
cLf," nr Ihl "Agi'ni'} tnr rulillr I'l
nmlli'il in tlie public service i
*.'|.iiH;-
iiiilujirinu> |K'as;inls iiatiira''y timiijihi th.ii it wius ;'a
v,iin In i Iniigh the tieliih .»hiUt .jlhor.s utu the t'ruitJl
t>>
rt
lit
Im.i
( r
Mil
nil
UK
,y
iiy
iii
lU
^\ws»
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
1.1i(Ti'()f, aiiil tlicrcfiiro joinoil tlic voldiors. As siioii,
howuvor, us tliu furros aiiiDinilcd ti) sovcnil tlicmsiiiiils.
Hiiii^ w<Mi issiii'il strict oi'ilt'i-s that in (Jliiiii;sf slioiilil
1)6 iiii)lcst('(l (111 any aci'iiiiiit, ami tliit their war shnuhl
1m! siilfly with the .Mongols. This was, Iiowcvit, I._v mo
iiU'aii.s a rcj^ulatioii similar to thusi- which nrv [put on
ri'oord at the (governor's oHice at (,"anton — no siieli
tliinj;, — who.soover odendeil against tlie law lost, lii.s
head without merey or re|ii'ievc. 'I'his order heinif
ri;; i)iously executed, added res|ieetaljility to Huiifj woo's
|io>itrou. He apiieared no lonj^iT as an adventurer,
liut under the honoiiralilo u|>|ii-ll.'itioii of patriot.. 'rh(>
men most I'mious tor liravery (loeked in crowds to his
stmdard ; and sh iwiiiv; tlieniselves in liattle array
lii't'ore a l'ortrtvs.s, of whiih th.; ('otnmander w.m a
('hincsi', they .suf;>;ested to him that t.> .serve a
\ ieioiis t'oreii;ii [irinco w.is not coiis'stcnt with the dnty
of a f'rienil to hi.s coMiitry, and that he ou.^^ht theic-
t'nrij to come over to tiiem. I'l'i-MiMsion av.iiled in
this instance more than ai'MH ; and the .same otlicer,
will) held a eommissinn IVoiii the Mon;;ii|s, hccame
aCterward.s one of the most ardent cliaiii|iioiis of tlu^
liherties of the ( 'hiiiese.
The soldiers of his army are .said to have heen cliil
ill a most hrilliant armour, which eii.ln.seil their Imdies
like the scales of fishes ; their swords and s|K'ars glitter-
ing ill the sun, their liiij;lit lielmets and co its of mail
according with the strong hows that hung (iV(!r their
•■■iioulderi! ; they also had a cartridge-hox, with .six or
seven iioi: hiill.'ts, which they hurled against the heads
of til
id (h'ti'at"il tlicni.
116
Thus
attacked them in dct.iil
ended the tiist caiii|i.iign.
Kaiig llwe.ing. tiie urecngroeer, who had iiiised him-
self to a kinj;, did iinl long enjoy his dignitv, but died
in the arms of his all'eciionate nephew The ollieera
wislied to niake lliiiig woo king ; lait too hnmliln yet
to a.-siiine the diadeiii, he uiiliiigly yii'lded the throne
to his cousin, an inexperienced youth. For tiiis gene-
nxity, a" is ol'leii llie casein this woild, he was ill
re w, I riled ; some haughty geiieril wished to take a«,iy
his life, and during a splendid eiilci't.iinmciit, iit which
I lung-woo was pi'esent, had already drawn his sword
to pierce the rising hero, when iiiiother ollieer stalihed
the miscreant on the spot The future empi'riir es
eaped, hut his mind wa^ .scared; and for the lirst time in
his lite he felt that in the midst of success and worldly
greitne^sa man nuiy still he iiiiserahle. 'i'he.se events
hriii'.' us down to the year \',i'ili.
NVe must now, for a short time, return to the palace,
which w.is .so iinceiemonioiisly left. It will Ik- remeiii-
liered that the emperor, while the country wa.s in a
>late of iu,~uirection, amused himself with daiicin!»
gills and liim.i priests, lint he had still a very laitli-
till minister, who, iiotwiihstanding the general
corruption, directed the mililary operation.s of tlio
Mongols, anil, at any rate, kept the reliefs at hay.
Iteiiig, however, at variance with the eiii|»'ior's iiiinion,
who was called llam.i. the statesman was tii-st exiled
and then heheadeil. The inftinous llama now |ilayed
the tyriint over his .sovereign, as prime inini>ter, and
even iiiadc him alulicate in ftvniir of his .son Itnt
The country was in such an unsettled .>t:ite, nild the i allairs prospered liadly with the Mnngol.s. Thecouniix
linanccs so deranged, that at lir>t no notice wms taken ! was iiili'sied with roli'ieis ; a scion of the former Snug
of tlie.ie proeeeilings liy the tiDvernment. When, how- ] dyniusty, a myal I 'liiiie.se, took the ticlil ,is a liiL,'liwa\
ever, llung-woo i;rew more and more hold, ,ind dctled ! man on a large scale. The .seas were infested with
leir cneiiiKv
whole liatt.ilions, tlie .Mongol magistrates resolved upon
crushing the rehcl For this purpose they collect 'd .ill
the troops of the ncigldiouring districts ; hut whilst
yet |iieparing for hittle they were attacked on all sides j to divert, or cmali-
1) had .'!,iMM> vessels at their coiiinianil ; and
ml c.iriLige went on liy sea, river, canal, and
il.M), w:is a prupo.sal
pirates, w
sliiighler
land. What shocked the nation
.\moiiijsl the hauliers that ten; iiresen
t, II
iinir Wo.) s
It
e llii
III
II
w.ingliii
or
Yell,.
Wasalwivs oxerllowing it.s lied, and
iv liiver.
■aus<> the
was conspicuoii.s. — and the victory in the lir»t engage-
ment W.IS owing to his lireaking tho eiiuiny's centre.
I'
le (Mieliiy ;i.s.seiii
lileil
olid armv. Ihit the (Jliiiie
had Ih'i'II lieforehand, and p'.ilited (would the re.i ler
helievo it) liatleries ill Hank and rear ol' the .Mmigol
iiy.
W
here they got the ciiiiion we
iiinot tell
hut the Mongols were so iniicli teiritii d at the tremen-
dous noise, that tlies lied in consternation. Again the
.Mongols had repeatciiry lost the liilmte hy the iinpi
tilosity of till! waleisi of the (Jiaiid Canal, the
det4'riiiilicd to cut
inals. To dii; them, tliev
drove the peasants together in crowds, and paid them
■ly
Wltll
111 .scanty fare.
Th.
peasjiiitry
revolted at this injustice, diove olf their tii.-k masters,
I the country iu numerous tioop^. pillaging
ami iraver.sei
ill
tl
leir wav.
Fi
tl
IKS centre all rcl>ellions m
M
on<;i)l urniies crowile
on
the Chinese armv, hutCliina haw radiated iuid received slriii'.;tli
am
;i
iig-woo, h.iving notice!
Ul
icir irteiid d CDUceiitratioii,
It is siii,'iiliir that tlioro iir" plctiiri's cvtiint ro|)ri>ai'ntiTi)» tli<
similar ca.M-of a population drn en to wander in oe:.'g,(iy
from their lioiiic
sat ion lit the I nsiiriieiit.-
iteriallv aided the lir-.t
IN.):', am
I th<
ill'
■gain-
lllellt
inciea.se in power, 'i'lieso disi'iintciitsfiirnishcd llun;i
Cliiiu'si' lit till. ihtIihI asaniiiil wiili tiilM'Si'iui'iini: tin- iiiiil siiinki' i woo witll new leVU'S, aili
with (jri'iit iiiiiM'. riicy (jot lliiis I'lu tnvmrils tlm tlnliKk ; li;il ' soldiers
I repaired his h
Hi
till' lillllots
-ill 111
(III
tlii-tii nt their i
I'll, thi'V
I'urni'il 111
till
|Hicki'l«
imwiliT wiw use
il ti> IV
lit' hi'iiils, with tluMr liiiiiiU. Till
III
ri^litt'ii tlii'ir ciii'iiiu'M.
Ill
^tllll•
welt- in Hill
'h high spirit.s, that on a
certain occasion, win n a dangerous enterprise
Cliiiii'si' iirtiliccK ot ««r iiri' iilwuvs ciirinas. Whi'ii H.M.S. I duel, t
to I
II
11) entcreil
upon, two generals wished to light
Willi sliou
Id
.d till
Sii.
Kiittler," ttitli inii'l nf tln' cp'w nl' tin' I'.S lilu'iti' " l'ii«-. 1 incidents li.ive not heen ficiiuclit of laic in the
llMit
I'l'hi'U will
kill
tlll'V lllllcil llil it
nil, tl) dctriiv the siinlliiTii
III ll Mllrll tiOO
ipl
lll'llll
I III
cliii't' iiort
till;
lit till
till
J"
en.
The t'hiiii'si! nsci'.
ilcstr-ivi'il, mill iiiily si\ prii«aiii'i's
Mrlilii
'!• tor llii'ir
di'lr
th 'y threw iivcrliciiril ii lot of cucdi niitu, anil tlii'ii jiimiu'il iiiti)
the »i'a aiiiiinu tlieiii ; :l w,i> ititllnilt to tell whiili were lieiiil<
ml wliiob were mils. Of t e «ix pri-iaicrs, tlirei' pnivi'.!
thi'iii.'U'lvi's to li» liii t nil' I, hrlil liir ra
nlliiT tKH) killisl; li'iw iiiaiiv nt'il
Whiit ,if till
(.'him
The grand priiiciplen on which llung-woo waged war
were t xacllv
Iv th
if the
ireseiit
I'
i.f I'l
klieli I
irncla
lined everywheio by the people, oven
I'l"
le aiilieal
111
IIS an eiicniv.
II
IS heart am
I h
il I HM} W
iw ri'imrt. il ct ii n hcl ilc
iiisi' vMi-i' iiiiiiii'Uiit y .At t'liiitiiii
iina'ions oM'rllowed sv itii lieiievi'leme lo^.-iids tin
and till
I'Lislur on a preti'iiiU'il siiro dii ii wimiiiiu'ii 'rg.
I'll lu'iii):; tiiiiiul iiiiilir
commonalty and the real Chinese people;
only cruelties In- eonimitted were igaiiist the .Mongols.
II
e, moreover
like I';
V
iiij' now-ii-days, coiitrivei
I to
I
I
i
- !
116
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
Imvr :i iiiilit;ifv I'licst (ind iimirazincs, a ilistiiu'tivr
fciitiirr of till' prrsnit i-^iiti'st : nml. iii>trai| nl 'allowinij
Ills Sdlilici's III |i|iiiii|i'i', lir ]iai>l tlii'iii will, ami tliiis
kept tlie iiiaraiiiliis in oi-ilcr. Cniiiliut likr (his at-
trai-tfii niitii'r; ami a tinrr [lii-iitc cliifl', who ra\ai;oil
tlu' I'lia.st. (■iomr mil' is alwavs diiiiii; tliis in I'liiiia), sent
an i-nviiy In l!MiiL,'-«im, )iiii|Hisini; an allianri'. Tlie
i-aseis I'xacllv para Mil with tin- tactiis of tin' present
insiirrcctiiiii. Ilun;,' -whd accepted tlic otler nf tlie
liiiccHiieirs, and lia\ in',' thus, liv the a.ssistaiue nf the
pirates' annainent ut' li'.l'iMi junks, the nieaiis of loco-
iniitinii so imli>pi'ns;ilih' fur Chinese travellin;;, which
is all liy canals, he directed his steps Inwards Che-
keiiii!^. in iinhr In kiip up his I'lininiiiiiicalinn w Ith I he
si';i. i'lUt he had Imrnss ihe Yaiii; Im' ki'ani,'('ir "Sun
iit'the Oi-eaii") l{i\er (^ihe scelle nf lllc present ciintest
with the i'elii'l>),l and fon^l.t a lilnndy li,illle In ••lecnin-
[ilisli that nlijict.
The Mnni^iils, as snnn as they had iililled llieii-
army, appeared airain in i,'real fni-i-e in the lield. 'i'lii^
lime the vielnry was mil sn I'a.-ily liiin;,dit liy the
Chinese; yet their irresislilile vahmr stond |irniif
ai»aiiist the despair nf the enemy.
The .Mnn^^nl enmmander in chief lied with uiini.iidv
haste, and U-ini,' leilly |uir-'-iii'd. snirendered tn llnii^-
woo. As sunn as he .ipiM'tred in the presence of the
prince, his cnmiM'llnrs, seeim,' snmelliinij sini>ter in the ;
^cner.-il's cniinleii.'ini'e, wiiliiuit cnn^idtiiii; l.a\,iter,
aiK isi'd him tn cMcnte tin prixaier mi the spnt
riinii<.rh the ( 'liiiicM' hern had made liie same remark
he did imt cniisider it cnn^i-lciil w ith JiiNlice In exci'iile
a man wlm had siirrendi'ied nf liisnwn accnrd ; ind
he eiilrnsted. nil tri.d, a small tmnp nf hnr>e to his
ennimind i'lefni-e accepliii;; this cnnimaiid, the Miini;iil
swnir near .1 ^1 iii'.'lilercd Ichm' (the nlijeet nmst s.(creil
to a T.irl 11. 1 ti'hliiy In hi> new masti'r, .'ind iniprc
cated llpnll him^i'lf I he mnsi dieadfnl curses if he shnuld
imt prnvi' t'lilliliil .\ few ilivs afterwards, llunirwnn
had III! li'i'L' 'II'' m.iiiv li iiil-lii|is. ami it w.is expeciid
III' wniild -n.in ritiie I'l III-. Ie it ; the I'l-m'iiade had
HI irke I till- |ir'ipilinis III iiiH'iit. and snftly >tnle
Inwards the .'iiiiaii''!'. Iiuriiediy liiiiyiii:; the ihu'.'cr ni
till' liedclnihe-.. The ai iriii w.is inline lialclv ijiMii liv
the seii'inel. lint the .'issjissin Iiad time enniii,'li In save
himself liy llii;lit. .iiid he wii.s lint lieaid nt' fur niaiiv
niniiihs. In one of the eii;;ai;i'iiH'iits, hnwever, u
Chine.";' otlii er, on ]ieret'iMn^' him. diirted his javelin at
him, which he nmst dcxlemiisly avnided. In the
midst of the coufiisinn he entangled his iinit in the
stirrup, lost his lial.iiice, and was draijged liyaieslive
lioi-setoa cnii.'.ider.ilile distiince. When nearly e.\piriiig
from the liruisis he had received, his aiiiai;iiiiist rude
ii]i to him. and ran his saliri' thiinigli his heart, in re-
eonipeii.se for his treachery.
Wlleliexer the i ihat ill the .south was liottest.
Hung WHO kept his couil at K in ling, directed fmni a
distance the military npcratimis. and endeavoured to
extend his power towards the iinrtli. 'I'his is also the
policy of Tae-piiig, the empiinr nf the picsi iil iiisuiiii-
tinii. City alter city yicldnl In the army nf llung-
wno : the .soldiers called npnii him In pinclaini him.selt
emperor; Imt he icfiised, .saying that he was, as\et,
I'lii a petty chiet', Imlding nnly pan ni ihi' eiii|iii'e itiit
while he himself sn olistiiialcly refused the title,
dr.igniis and seipi'iils, that eiilwined them.selves aliolit
him at a great luilllary festival, proxeil to the ( liiiie.se,
that having such imperial emlileins. he might to assiinie
the titles. The diagnii i.s, to the Chilli se, a most piii-
pitiniisnimn. They have not Lecii .seen lately.
The .Moiigiil empi'inr at last took alarm at the pro
i;r<'s.s of the reliels. |n a cmincil of stale, at which all
the niiiiisters were present, the lust nieasures prn| used
were rendered iiiig.ilmy liv indecisimi. Vet the army
is .said to lane lieeii .'io'.liiio nr IID.OIKI al«avs in arms,
.ind the relicIs in less than a ferliiight lunuglit
IIMI.I nil intii liallle. The iiniiilii'ls lid to lia\e liecli
killed ,in each side are prndigimis, and the liatlles mme
nillnernus than those nf Na|inlen!i.
Ililheiln lluiig-wiio had Ih'cii <iid\ a snliject ; Imt
one of the reliel eliiits having killed hi.i master the
king, and he having already received the title of diiki',
he now- a.ssumed the dignity of I'niice nl W'nn, and
adnpted a syslemalic plan for cnliipieriiii; the wlmle ul
China, which ic-iillnl in the eniperm's relii in;; fm-
-alcly outside the Wall of China iiitn \'iiig i hang In.''
' "Tliis ^ri'itt rivi-r." *avs NiM'^mnr ,|,iei-l\ii, in Str Mi'iitlix m
Cfiiii-t, •' iii:i\ Im- ciillcil till' main aitci's litlic Uiily «i|" tiic t'liiih^i'
cni|iirc. luiil tlic xiiii fits iiilcri'ir weittli. In ixlcnt unit iia\i-
^uiilr t'.icil.tii's it 1^ ii'il Hnr)iii^^sl h\ .iiiy in tin v\,<rl(l; whilst
friiiii il.s luit-'iii. ii'it 'inly III.' ci'tilr.il |Mirl nf I'hina ilrau* i's
I xl-lcnci' mil rii'lii'-. Imi ilic I'Mllic iif liic ii'ii'llnTii |ini\ iiici'' ;iU'i.
It IK I'.iiinii'ii'.l Willi till' I'l-iliii liy 111- Ills iifu I'.ei il. ciuli'.l tic
I iifHTi.il ("I'liri'ii. ('.eial ufClii'iai. uincli W'liiiliTl'iil ^'.uk IIhh
li-iiils '111' I'l-ntral ir.i'li'. an 1 .',i'n tlicsmitlii rii c'1|iiiiI'Ti*i', to i lie \,'ry
iiiii'tli nl'l'liina, iiiiii'iii;; It iiiiii tlif ii.i\ i^alili' wa'cr-' nf lliit riMT
at a l.iwii caliisl Tii-n t- n, iint niitrc tliiin I'l initi's ili^tanl Irnin
PckIii, wliili' il^ siiiitiii'rn inniitli mei-ts im' Vaii'.; tsf-kiaiii' ,'iil
iiiili'H Ih'Iiiw N. III. , til." "rules* till* Mtssi)*»i|'|ii anil Mi^-unei."
«iy« aniitliir wi'iiiT, " ai-e In Ih- ciin«iili'n'il I'S mii' river, llicn I In'
A'lia/nn l.i'iin: tin' lii-I. tic V.in^' i^u' luaiiu' i» tli'' si'ishhI iImt in
till' W'lrl'l. If \'iii C'lii-^i'liT, liiiwi'M" . till' ,' niil !■•*', laii.iU v\ liic i
il -'iiiiilii-x Willi Wiili'i- t'l kt'i'|i nii'lrr i-iiii^Miit irn;;iii"ii tin'
iiii'i'iiiHiliiii; ••iiiiiin I 111' I'liiniiicrii' wlncli it r.crii'siin its Iniasl,
till' rnnll'iiliii's* ili«|il.iMsl tin its li.mss, wIh'c tin' rii'lnif^s of III ■
tiiliajc mill till' u'.e.'iiia'ss nf tin' Inrlmu'e :iri' i|iiiii' .istiiiil«liinL' : i
if, laAlly, villi mill I hi' ilrph iiinl vuIiihh' nt its ixati'i-s, it has siiiiie I
t'liiiiiis, I iiiiii'i-ivi', til till- \t'i'v lir^t iiluci- iiiiihiil' iIh' nvrr-* nf the
j^IiiIm'. Ill ^iiiii;; ii|i I III' rixiT. nan Irallx *(M'akiiiL', 'In* l'-l\ ;:iii-
^'ra|lhi^ally 1 lie rijlil. hiiik •<< Ilic I'ViT i^ tin' I iiii'Iiin -iini'
niili'. riir ran/i's nf lull, witi' li' i|in'iil ly .jil.iilril|il". the miil'i-l
nvxivimi'.' ifiwn liraci'tnlU ami ;:!niiiilly •■nxani. ti.i mxit Ilit'
olli.r suit' |..i' a liiiiu wax i'. lliii. Ttii' mat liiili' x'llaL'o arc frc-
i|i|i'iiilx. if ii'it ;;i'ni'rall^, (iliuxsl in all aii^li' fnruii'il lix ii ciiii.il
Aliil till' ureal rixer," I
'Till' I'hiii'Si' haxc hail llicir " Vr-|tci'>," it ii|i|H'ars. iil'iir llic
fi-liiiiiinf tlii'."si<'i i Ills. "Wi'.nrixiil,' saysl'iill'rrlluc, "al Cliiilinti'
■ •lithe l.'ithilay nt' tin' Sili ni< lai. the iiiiiiixiiMiiy nt ^riiit re*
I'licinus ai.liill;: tin' I'lliln-se This fistixill, lilim^ t' lls Ilic \ IU'-|iillfr
il.iiaxi's I'f till' .Mmiiil, ilaii's li'iiin lllc K'nintisi iiiitii|nily. llii
"liu'inal |ilir)Mist' x\as tn liiiliiinr the liiniill xxith sllpri stilinliA liti'H
I In this Mili'iiiii il.iy I'll l:il>iiiir is sii>|ii'iiilcil : ihc wuiknnii nciixu
a jii'i'Si III i'( niiincy Iriiiii lliiir i'ni|'l"M I's i rvciy |n'r»iiii imls mi
his il"-! I'lothc; anil Ih'ii' is imirx 'iinikini.' in i vi ry fiilinlv.
Iti'l.iti"iis ami friciiils inlrn liaiici' cakes nl vaimns si/es, nil xvliii'h
i. stani|H'tl the nn iL'c I'f llic nai'-n ; that is to snx, a liiiri' crniii'le
ill;; iniiil a siiiatl ^fi'iiji 111 Iri'iK. >iiice Ihc ti'iirtii-iilh century
this ti'siival 'ais Imriie ii (H,liiieitl cliiinicler litllc niiih-rsli'iHl
:i{i|i:ii'i'nllx hy tin' Miiiijnis, hut the tr.iilillnn nf wlii.li i- eiirilhlly
|il.-erxeil hx 111!' I'hilii-l'. .Vlmlll I he _X ear I illiH. the t'liinese H eru
ilesip'ii'. III shakinu* iill'lie x, ke 111 the liirlai ilx nasi x , fminileil hx
liiii;:lii', Kli.i . mil wlneh lia<l llii'ii riieil iluiii pie fur iiiiirlx ■
hniiilreil xenr-. .V xasl i'iin>|iii':iex wti« furineil llirniiuhiint all t lux
)iliixiliees, w liieli wassiinllllaliiiillsiy t'l ili'Xi 1< 1)11' it sell nil t he lift eel it II
■ lay 111 theel'.'llth I II, liX the l|i|l>sael'l' iif the .Miillpil siillliers, u liu
xxere hiUeleil ii|mmi eae'i riiiliC'i' family fur the ilinilile |ilir]insi' of
lllainlilililllK till iiisi'lx'i'. anil lie i''i|ii|lU'Sl. The s:;;iial wim ^'ivell
hx 11 I' Her eiinei'il il in the eike-. iv liieh, as xxe liaxe nliitiil, arc
nil that ilix ninlilallx llllelelhilik'el I lil'iilL'li'HIt li<e eiiiinlry. 'I'lll'
nia-xaere wa-* 1 ireeiiil, ami the lailiir .iriiix, ili-perseil in IIil
liiiiisi's 111 Ihe Chiifi'M'. mil rlx ainiiliiliiliil. liiis cans) rnphc put
■ III enil {h the M' '111^1 il ill inn I tl mil ; anil ex er siliee, I la' I lliln-he, in
CI h'lir.itinir till' tisiixiil III' Veii-piii;r, Imxe ins'ii less iiiti lit nn lh«
tiii|i«'r^lii i'lll' xxiir-hip nf the iiuhih than nn the Incie event to
which liiex nWL',1 tlie rei'uX'ery nf their liatinlllll lllill'lH-lllU'llCf."
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
Ill tliis ITiinii-Wfio \v;ia fiivo'irotl Iiy tlio intriijues of I
thi; ciiiiicriii's iriiiil One of tlu' iidlilis, wliu liail '
rrcciviMl iirdiTs In rnllci't i very luiMUTniis ;iniiv in ,
.Miiiir>iili;i, Mini til (i\ riwlicliij Cliiiiii with lllCSI' llurdl'S,
linil IimI tlii'iii ,iL,';iin--l llif ein|icrni- liimx-ll'. Iliul lie |
|ii'is(V('i'i'i| ill liis iii;iiili, 111' inii^lit liMVf t.iki'ii llir wlmlc '
niiirt iiiiil ill! till' ii|i|niitrii;iii(is |ii-iM>in'rs ; Imt nili'i-
ini; ii|i<iii II npgotiiitinii, iiinl tliitti'riii;; liiiiisilt' with
I 111' hiL,'lii'>l ili^'iiitii'.s tiilliii;,' to his sliiiri', lie wiis
whl'Ccllcil illtn nil illtl'IN ii'W, llMll llcli'dCll llilllM'lf
til jii.-;tiii'. Till' iiiiiiistt'i who liiniij^ht this alxmt
wiis nil riiiiiiy toljii' heir lit' ihi' I'i'iiwii. The hittiT,
li.i'l lirili Milt 111 till' afiiiy ill (iriliT til tiyht his tlithi'l's
liattlrs, ,'iiiii Wiis hiijlily iiiiliiiiiiiiit at his ciH'iiiy's
siiii'i'ss, anil his wiiiiniiL; I hi' iilli rlimis nt his jiai'i'iit.
Itirailril liiially to his |i:ilaii'. anil srciiriiiji tin' niiinli'!'
(if till' iiiiiii>lrf, thisyiiiilli wi'iit nil I'liilirniliii;; hiiiisi'lf >
with all till' i;ii',it iiii'li of the stati'. W'hi'li tliu iliii i
iif \\:iv i;n'w iii'ari'i' m I hi' caiiit^il, the weak ami i
ili'liainhi il |iriiii-i' lust all iiiiiia',i', ami stnli' away in
the iiii.'hl til his nativr ili'scrls ; ami thus (MiiIi'iI tlii' |
.Miiiii;iil ilyiiasty. A.D. l.'SiIS. j
Till' Mmiiidls thciiist'Ui's I'l'tiiril nut with the ciii-
|iiiiir. Iiiilfill link, sliiwly ami .sicnily, ciiiiti'iuliii;,' thi'ir
way, ami hulilini; nil fnrtrcss aftiT liifticss. Many kind's
iiiiil t'iii|i('fi)rs, uli.is ii'lilirri'hicfs, s|)nin;; iip— with
tith's as j;iio(l, tlu'y s.iiil. as that nf Jluiii; who. At lust
thr Tartiil's coiiiiiiiil thiiiisi'lvi's to a ih'fi'iisivo war, '
anil iinlv oic.isionally riishi'il fnilh to rnli mi all siilrs.
All thiy now hi.|n'il was tu ^'I'l hack to .Moni,'iili i. Itiit ,
tliis was not easy. I.'ki'lhiir |iri'ili'ri'ssors, tin' Kin, '
tlu'y hail livi'il with ;;irat |iiiilnsiiin. 'I'lii'V hail |iawn('il |
anil .solil tlu'ir Imrsi s, ami tlnir anus ami lands ;
anil when the sinhli ii alum was soinnhd that the
Chiiu'sc wi'i-o on llii'ir ht'rl>, tliny looki'd in v.iiii into
ihi'ii' .^tallies fill- II switt rliaii,'!'!' to cany ihcinolf.
Slralific as it liiav scciii. ho who foillil iii>|«cct liow-a-
(lavs the ,sho|iki'i'|ii'r.s hunks iifdali'uii would tind a
larjii' catalni;!!!' of llu|•.■^cs, ha i lacks, hmisi's, gnuds and
chattels, ill lii'li>n'.iing tu the " Hiiflit H.iiimt'.-' ' ^lai-ri-
sniied in that city, in jiawii to (Uiiininij Chine.se slmji-
kei']ier.s.
' Tin- " lt:iiiinTs" nf I'liiiia MIC i'c|iii\Mli'iit tu imr ■• lir:^;!iili'>. '
Wlioii the SliMiv.'"! i'iii|"'rnis iniiiiuiii'il llic i'iii|iirt', thi'y ;,'ii\u to
tin ir Mil.licrt I'lTliiii. I.nnls iiinlcr li'iniri' nl' militarv sirviii' wlicii
I'lilliil iiiwiii. Till' •' lliiiiinTs" arc iijraiti salHlivnlcil iiit'i camtis
ami wiii^s,- -tlic litr'il. Iclt, aihl ('.'iilrc, 'l'lii'\ ari' coiiiuiaii'h*!
I.\ .illiciTS mIiii iiiiilcrun cx,iiiii'iii(i liis in tin' iiiililarv art, sncli a^t
.in Inn, tl.iinvinu' a j.ivcliM, Ai-. 'I'lic ^ri'culiT part 'if tlio ultii'i'i'-'
arc raiscil frnni tlic ranks, tiul lii\i' rcLrnlarly tx t,tki' their
ili'jjri'is. An ai'i'ciiiil el tlic Ki^r it lianiicrs nl' I'arlary i< L'i»cn
liy I'atlnr llni': -
" ihn.ii'/ "iir iii'ilt >t ri'iiast, wf nntifctl that .incut" ihoc I'ariars
was the tiliji'i't 111' i's|i4Ctal atti'iiti<iii nil the jiart nt liiti ntairntc
W'c a.ski'il him what ini.i^arv i; inlc he nci iiiiiiil in tlm llliic
ItanniT. 'Win'ii the lianiier!* ct Tehakar niari'heil Iwn yearn
au'u .a;;aiii»t the Keliels nl' the ."^.aith (ihe Kn^-lisli, In iMt'ii, I
helil the rank d' I ehnniiHJa.' "What! Wire yna in that
I'Min-'n-* waruf tiieSnnth!' lint hnw i- it tint ynti. ^lle|lllerlls nt'
the iila.n-. havi' :iNii t 'n' eonra^'e nt ("•lilier-*':' Aec'iitiinieil tn a
life lit' )H'aee, niie wniiM iinairnu' that M'Ii wc.iilil never he
riH'imeile'l In Ihe terrihlc Ir.nle nt a s 'Mier, winch cmsi^ts in
killinv' • iImth nr lieiii); kilieil yniirselves,' ' ^^ s. yen, we are
alK'liliei.l'i, it is true; hi:t we iiexer Inivet that we are midier*
iilsn, ami tliat the ha.'lit It.iinierx enni|HiM' the aiiiiy nt reserve nf
the (Iraml M.isler (the l]in|vrnr). Ymi i,mn\ the ni!.' nf the
Kiiipire ; when the enemy appear-, tiny S' ml aifainst them,
tirst, tlic Kilal M'Mieri ; next, the lianntrs nf the .Sulnn
onnntry are M t in mntinii If th" war i» imt tiirKheil iheii. all
they have tn iln is t" t'ivo the »i;;iiKl In the imnners nl 'I'l hakar,
the mere Knnnil nl' wlnse march alwav-* hiilHees In reihu-c the
reU'lii In subji'clinii.' ' Wiri; all the liiuuitrs of ii liil;ar alleil
117
The most dotemiiiied aiita'.:oiiist of Htin/i-wno was
duulitlcss a chief stylinn liini>clf I'ritice of II, in. lie
Hut uiilv h.id a lainc land fince. Init also cuniiiiamled
tnp'tin r lor this southern wary* * Yes, all; iit tiriit it wan
thntiirht a -mall mutter, and every one saiil it wmihl never atVeet
the Teiuikar. The triHips nf Kiltilt went tirj.t, but they I'ld
nnihiii^'. The hauliers lit ."'^nlnn alMimarehiil : hiii they enulil lint.
l»'ar the heat nf tile Smith : theii the {'.mpeinr sent n> his >aeri il
nriler. !'!aeh man selieteii hi- l)e>t hni>e, rcmn\ eil tlic ilu.it trmii
his liiiH anil <pii\'er. ami M-rapi il theiii>i Ir. m his lance. In *-MTy
tent a sheep was ktlleil Inr the tea>t nl iliparture. Woineii ami
ehihlren Wept, hut wi' aiMn.-seil ti them the wiinis nf rea«iin.
• Here,' saiil we, 'Inr six ;:i neratiniis have \\e reei'iveil tlie lieta-tit&
nf the S,ieriil .Master, ami he has a-keil h' in u- iintliiiu; in return.
Nnw that he has iieeil nt n-i, can we hi'hl i'aek 'r lie has^i\en tn iiai
thi' line rc'.'iiiu m lehakai tn !»' a pastnn ■I..111I Inr nur ealth'. and
at the same time it harrier fur hilu ;i^aiiist lite Khalkiias. Ifiit
iinw, since it is frniii lite .'Smith the rcli.U can e. we niii.it niareh
tn till' Sniiih,' Was it lint re^k.....! in mir inciithi, .*iir> I-anias'-
^'es, we re-niKcd tn inarch. Tin' laerul Oidinaiice leailuii us ai
siinriM', anil already hy iim.n the linchelinus. at the heail nf their
men, stiKsl hy the Tehnllallila ; next In tins*' were the Nnurnll
Tehaxii, anil the Ou^'nuraa. The same ilay we inarelieil t
rekili ; Irnlll I'ekill they led Us tn I ieli 'I sill- Vei, where we
leinained fnr three utnnths.' * Did ynu li^ht,' asked .Saindad-
chitinha ; ' did uai nr thi' eiieniy''' * Nn. Iliey did iint dare In
apiiiir. The Kitai tnhl n- eveiywheie that we were niiirehint.'
iipnii certain and nnavailinu' ihatli. ' Wlia! can ynu .ln,'a>kiil
tiny, 'against sea uiniiiii rs'f Ti.cy live in the water like li>h
Wliiii ynn leait expect lie in, they ap]iiar nn the surlaee, and liui 1
their Ih'e-lHinihs at \ nu ; eelille, tic iliitaut xntir Isiw is Is'llt tn
ihnnt them, duun tl e\ dive like Irnps. '1 lilli 1 1 e \ esul; ed tn
Iri^hteii 111 ; hut we snliiiera nf the l''i;:li1 Itanin r- km w nnt fear.
Ilifnremir deparllin the ^le.it I.alnai I ml n| t In >l the Km k nl
Celesti.d Seeret-, and lull the nee Icaiinn tl.;it tin iiatlerw.ai.il
end well fnr US I I.e Kn pemr hail altai la d In . :ieh Trhniiamla
a I.ainii, leuined in iiicdieiin and ikillid m all tin Mined aU):urii s.
whn was tn eiire ail die Mildurs under him if the iIisciims if tin
ellniale, and tn prntiet lis finiii tl e nia(.':e nf the Mianiniisti n
What then hail we In liar? 'Ihe nleU, Inaiin^ that tin
iiivineihle trnnps i.f 'lehiikar wi-ic a| pnin 1 in^r, were sei/'il
with fear, and m injla laaie. Tl.e Sairnl .Master, nf Ini
iiiiinenie inerey ^'ranted it, and xve letuiiad In the care ni
nur llneks."
Tehiikar slL;inlies, in the MmiL'nl tniij;iie. Ilmihr Land. Tln-
c untry is limited. i>n tl c east, iy the kin^iiiniii i f tMchekteii, mi
the nest hy Weitern Tniiuiet, mi the nnrtli h\ the .>-nnnint. nn
the -iiuth hy the lireat Wall, Its extent is Inli li num s Imif;, h,v
I(HI hiiiiiil. The inhal.itanti nf lehakai are all paid Mililiers nl
the Kni|Hriir. 'f he fn. t snleliir- receive' Iwilxe- eilinees of .-iUe r
pe-r aiiniiiii. ami the e.ivaiiy twenty ■Imir.
The'Tei'akar is diMih'el iuiei ei^ht hainnn in I'hiuesi' I'a-Ki
distin^'ui-liiel hy the naniea nf ii|;l.t ieileair»: while, hine, reel,
velleiii, Ireuili white, li>;ht hliie', | ink. ami li^ht yelmw. Kach
haiiiiir hu» ill M'parate tiriinrv, aid a Inhnnal, iiaun'd Xmirmi-
Teliayn, haviiij; juriMlielimi iver ..u the lualters th.it iini'; neeur
ill the llaiiner. Ilesieles tliiK trihunal. tin re is, in each .il the
K:^lit itanmri, a eliief calleel On limir.iha. ( i| the' ei^dit llii-
(ieilllelii.es eilie is M-le'ited te. till at tie same' lilm the pn>l ,,l
>:"Vei iinr-tie'iiend nf'iie Ki^lit l''aiim'rs, .Ml tlie-e' dii:i.itai le's are-
lainiinateil ami paid hy the Knipinr of t lima. In lint, lln
t'ehaka is iieitiiin^; innre' iinr hss than a va-t laiiip. n. eupieel hy an
army nl resetve. In nrde-r, im dmiht, that this iiriny niiiy he al
nil times leaely t i niaieli ul the lirsi signal, the laitais ,iii
siverel'- prnhihileil tei eiiltivati' the luiiil liny iiiu.-t live iipmi
their pay, , ml upmi iho pr eline nf their llneks ami larels. Thi
e'lUile -nil nf the' K l'Ii.' lialimri is llialicnahle'. It Milnelin.i-
ha||H'iis tine an ii.iliv nhial sells his pnrtini, tn i e (Iniie.ie; he.i
the Nile' is .il.iaM ilieliieel mill iiiid Vend it il I'oiiie',- ill any .-nape
hetmethi trilnina'.s
lly lueaiis it usury and euiiiiiii}:, nnd perieverim: naehinati.ii>,
the Chiui'se have .linee relldeleel tlnlnieUe- m.lste'r- e.l all tin laliils
ell their cniiepiernrs, leaving: tn lliini nil rely their empty titles
iheir niiermis st.i'Utnry l.dsair. and the' payiuelit "I npprisMvr
rents. Ilieepiality .1 .Mante'liu has tliu.. hy deirrei s hie'..iie a
ve.ry e-.i-tly all'air, ai.'l many nf e'..|iieipa'iie'.' »eek alln^'etl" r te.
aliiava:.' it. .Vee'nr.liii.' t.i the 1 IK, there' i« every thirel year a
eeiisU'' made nt tile pnp.il.itimi nf ea.h hanner, iinl all im'I's.iiis w h.
ill. I nl I'.iu-e their iiainci tn he imerili .1 mi ill.' mil nr.' de. ine.l
iki lejii^i r tn bi'luin; tn the .Mantehu ii.iliuii i ihoie, tlnrelnr.', nl
! ii .
11
Its
i
^
m
till- wiitcr ('(iiiiiiiiniicatioiis liy a vcrv liiri;i' river navy. 1
Hum;,' woo lit tii>-t sciiii.'lit to satisfy lii> aiiiliitioii liy |
fililciiilid |iroiiiisi's. ami to dctaili liiiii tVoiii tlic alliance |
of soinr of tl till r Iraili'i-s: lait tlic I'lini'c of Kan
so irri'atly sini rcili'd that he coiilil not licar or piMft'ss
fiirn<lly intentions with the oni' who wishecl to share
with him the tliiiilie. Heme arose a lieiee stni;,'^le,
tthieh kept oiii' hefo for several yc ars em|>loye(l, ami
left the Mongols time to take hreath. Whosoever had
the eommaij<l of the ^jreit riveis. was naluially in com
maud i>f the most llonrishin^ pirt of China, and liy
liein!.' eiialiled to olitain su|>|>lies whenever Wanted, and
attaek his ciiemy ii|miii every weak |ioint, mnst have
the fate of war in his liands '{"he sulijeet of ourhi>tory
was too i;ood .1 i,'c>ncial not to see these ad\antai,'es at
oiiee, and his wlniie stietujlh w.is therefore eoin'entiateij
to seen re the navigation. Hctirmineil to li;;ht to the
last, the I'rinei' of llan had liis war lioats chained
to^etlier, and did not retreat nntil hi' saw them all on
fire; a second navy was cnitid as hy m.igic, and the
ivsistanee was eijiially stronj; lint lliilij; woo h.ail
moil' |ioweilul arms; |iersuasion and kindness won
over many an inlliiential otiicer: so that in the heart
of a naval hattle one si|iiailron alter another struck to
their humane prince.
llniii;-woo now riLpirded himself as the minister of
heaven ; so did Attila, so did .M.irie, so did Napoleon,
and so did the empciipr N'ichohis. ( )ii invadin;; Keaiii;
siMi. Hum.' Woo i»ueil a proclamation, in which he
declaied all who did not suhmit to his arms to le
'• triiitor'b and nliels a;,'aiii-t the azure heavens." Kind
treatment, and a i;i in lai amiMv-ty secured to him the
attaclitiieiit of the inli iliiiants ; the sulimi.ssioii of the
ro\inj.' hands he mi and liy lirihes Some of them,
who thoiii;ht it I IcMi- to lake the money and sell
themselves a^'ain to .1 hitter liidder, he chastised
ine.xoralily. I'ut h' did not conline his attention to
mere exploits ; whenever a district yielded to his
\ ictorious arms, he assumed the power of a judije. An
open hall was instantly prepared, when .ill those who
had .my complaint to make olitained free acces.s. Kveii
old ^'ariailous women were not excluded, and the
till' Al;ititr)ins wlioM' iiiili;.-, nt I' iiiiliicr!« tlirni to tU'^iri' i-X('in|tti<iii
I'mni ^lMlall' laln'cr ;iiiil imaii 1 • mtvIic iIi> lint |pri-i'iit lliciii'^i'lvi s
til I 111' ciii-iis I iiiiiiii >.iti»>. iiiiii liy tliiit iiiiiis>iiiii inter I lie iMiiks
111' till' Chillr-i' {it'i>)ili- I I tl>. wlii'i' nil tl.c "lie h ml ci'listjilt
mi;:' iliiih li.K rurnnl !>i'»i', il lln' ( o-i at W ;ill it ^riat iiuinlitT of
Cl.itioe, '11 till' ,'1111 r. ;i ^rciit hiiiiilicr of Maiiti'liu.i liavo
'.oltiiitnrilN iiliilii'-iti'il tl.rir iia'. ioa.ilitv.
'fill' ilrrlini', or nilliiT llie extiiu'tioii 'if (III' .\(aiitcliii nation
i^ now |if"i:n''»*iiiL' nmri' r-ipidlv tlian ever. \'\t to tlic rii^Mi ot'
ti'f late i'iii)ii'riir, I nmi I'vi.tn, tlic rr;:iiins wiiti-rt-il liv tlie Sonpiri
Here ixiliisivily inli.iliitiil liy .Mantiliiis : intninri' into lliose
Mii't 4lii«1ri('l> »;is |>n>liiliiti il to till' <'liiiii'M', tiiiil no aiiin wiis |M'r-
niitliil 111 iiillixiili- till' «"il wiilnii llii-ir nii-c. .\I tlie coni-
iKciii'inictil ot tin !ii-t II i;;n, ' hi-,' il »Irii'N wro' piil up for iiiililii'
Kill', 111 iiril,', til -a|ii'l.\ Ihr ili'Ili'i y in tlie liniierial trensiiry.
llii' Cliini-ii' riislii'il ii|iiiii 'l.ii'i liki' liiiils . f pri'v. iiml a li'w years
Millii'iil III reiiioM' everytliiiiv- Ilial c'.iilil ill ao\«:iy recall the
inenioiy of tin ir aiieient |hk«i «-i.r'<. Il W'Milil U' vain Coi- an one
iMiw to M'ek ill Manti'liii'ia 1 -.iiiL'te to" n, era sin^'le 1 illii;ri' that
i^ not coiii|i..Mil iiiiirily oli'l.in.w.
^et, aiiiiil the t'liiei I Ir n-liiriiial''.|i, iheie are siill a few
triU'i.. snel, ,1. the Si-I'i ,r .1 ■'.Sol'.n, 'vliii'h faillifnily retain
tlie .Maiilelni H|».. Tp I., ili.' )ir(-eiii iliy II . ir tirritorii's have
liien ili\aileil inilh.r l.\ llie Cllinese l.or l,\ eliltivalion; lli.y eon-
llniie to(l«, II ;., leiils, anil ti riirni-li soliliei-to the Iniiierial
Hrtnitii. It lia<, Uen reniarkeil, liowever. that tieir ("ri'i|iii'nt
uppeuranee at I'ekin, ami tlieir loin; pi rii«U of Mrviee in the
|i 'vimial ^'arri>,ons. ale In ^■iniiin^' In iniiki Ii'rrililv iinnaiU n|Kiii
till ir haliil> ami la.il««. i
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
patience with wliieli tlio victim Ihu-c their invectives
procured him the hi;.{he.st popularity.
The reliels of the .siuit'i lieili;; now cha.stised, it wna
hiijh time to visit the tt eritories to the west of the
lloaii^'.-lio, where one of the .Miiii;;'i| chiefs wius .still ill
possession of manv tiirtre.s.ses 'liie army w as approaeli-
iiii; to cross the river, vvlien one of the descendants ol
('oiifuciiis' presented himself to the eompieror. It
was always Miiii^-woo's principle to piiii popularity,
and lie therefore rejoiced |o pay homage to this sai;e,
upon whom the whole nation looked with veneration,
llavini; i;iM'ii the de.seeiidani of the oicat sa;;e \aliiahle
present--, with assiirance-i of piotictioii, he cliarnied the
assemliled niilltilude hy the delereiice he thus paid to
depii'led merit. in only a few minute instances the
Mon;,"ils icisted the invading forces, and Sliein .se, as
well as Shall si. received ( 'hiliese garrisons.
After numerous tiiuinphs, and when Hung woo liad
show 11 that he despised pride, hy visiting in state the
liiirying place of his poor father, tlie lishermaii, and
liiiilt a large city over his remaiii.s, tlie eoni|Ueror eoii-
setited, at the ckiiiioroiis urgency of his army iind
people, to he named Kmperor, expressed a desire to lie
appointed " pastor to continue tlie succession of Yaoli
and Sliiiii." and rai.sed his faithful Ala-she. his iiise-
|i,irahli' eoiiipanion in joy and »o«, to the dignity of
Kiiipress.
MuiigW'oo"s generals followed the Mongols lieyoiiil
the (ireat Wall, siirpri.sed their emperor's camp, and
took the whole of the Imperial family |iri.sonern. Ngai-
yew-chilipata, the son of the deceased empeior (who
died in l.'iTO, two years .il'tcr leaving China), contrived
toe-cape; lint his gr.iiidsoii .Moil iiipalii was liroiight
liefore Hung W(Mi. The victor's liiiinr.'iity was shocked
hy the proposal ot his odicers to murder the yoiingprince
in the hall of his ancestors. He .severely npioaehed
the cruel advisers, and wa.s moved to tears at the fall
of the .Mongol (iMiiisty, while he held it out ns u
warning to future sovereigns tigiiinst degrading their
station liy vice. The exertions of llnngwdo to conso-
lidate his empire and to secure peace have heeli seldom
ei|U.'illi'd. Me coiitiiiiially dcilared his intention to
imitate the happy days and ilinocent lives of Vaoii
and Shun (the gol liii age of Chinee history;, reminded
the people, who imputed his own origin as a liiult,
tiiat l.ew'-pang, the glorious founder of the llaii
dynasty, the gn-nt emperor Kaoutsoo, had U'eii,
like himself, origjiially hut u lolihei cliiet. The
M'oiigols fought on ; until at last he iliiccted his
army against their .slidiighold in the province of
I.eaiiii lung, and siihdmd them with much carnage.
The Chine-e generals showed lio iiieiey to the
Miiiigoi chiefs and captains, whom they now reganh'd
ill the light of rehels. and resisting the decrees of
Heaven. Many Mongols dtstroMil ihein.selM's hy
' Cnnltieia-', acronlinj; to Kallier Martin, ailinilK Ihri r |iriiia'
prineiples, -Heaven, man. ami e.irtli ; lime Roru of kiio»leilj;e,
liivine, linnian.anil earllily ; live ilefris'iiiit ieliilioiii.liip in wieiely,
1-t, I 'f latlier ami » n : Jinl, ( >t 11 an ami Hoimiii ; Miil.Ot priin'i'
ami siil'iii'ls 1 ilh. Ill' rrieiiils; 'itli, ami liml. Of iialienH. 'I'lien
them' Chinese lilei'iili i;o on to treat of les-er onlim,- liilnnjjinn
to (.'lies!-, \i-ils. anil i nli rlaininenln, ami lilci'wii'e for tlir aicini-
nioilalioii lit visitor'^, .mil of tlie tle|Mii-Iiiipiil of the Ih'iIv, with
iiiaiiy oilier-, in the anionni of M.(HI0, ii« Kalfer Martin tells in
his " llii'ory m Cliini" llie fainily of C'lnliiiinii aie the nnly
lieri'ilitary n liillly in China. iiiii>t < f the I'lnpernrii t'leepti'il, the
meinlii rs lit \\ hieh li ive peii-ioiis );ranli il In tliein In |irii|i<irtioii 10
the priipini|iiity or ili-liinee nt' their relutiiiiiHliip,
9l
ill'
Jlw
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
snit.'idt', — (itliriN wore liolicaileil l>y tlic ('liiin'sp, — ami otViccr, litiviiii,' ciinsi
"tlii.s oiico ln-avc nu'c, who i'iiiii|ui'rcil tlir };ri'at<T |iart
of thi' ((111 wiirlil, wen; crdiicliiiii; iH'tiin- tln' I'tU-iiiiii ttc
ChiiH's*', ranit'stly suiiii; fur lite" Tin' liaml otfiocl
wad oil tlii'in ; aii<l tlif ticrco nico, c'lcvatod lor Ills
:;cmh1 |)ur|>>isi'.s, til a iiiii^lity nitupicror ami a ilfsulatiiii;
MMiiirj;!', were innv limiiiiiali'il.
lit
to visit tlip manilnrin, xav\ tlif
yoiiii;; Tartar, ami toiil lii.s cdIIi'ii;;)!!' tliat lin litli tlie
risk ot' ilra\viii}{ ijowii on liimx'lt tiif indignation
ot" tin- Kiii|MTor, rill' otiicr answcrcil tliat In- would
' net rill of liini, Imt that in liiu nicantinn' tln-y
xlionM i;ivi' tlii'niirlvi'S ii|i to tin' ili'li;^lit'< nt'a liam|ni't,
! In till- inti'iiiii iIh' yoiiiii; man. win. Iiail ovri lii'ani this
Much of the sui'i'i'ss of lliin^'WiNi was owin^ to the iliscoursi', tianni; tor his lifi'. orilffril a Krooin to sailillii
wiHC coiinsiils of his»ife Ma sin-, who inlluitirril all thr swit'ti'st of his master .s horsi's, savin;; that In- IimiI
hi.s artions, ami ooiilrollcil his sli'ps. Ai'i-i'ss to |iow('r , a coininis>ion of iiii|iiirtani'i' to rxcrutr. Mr iiionntnl,
was rnihittcrril liy her loss ami lliitof his chli-^t son. ninl roilr olf at full s|ii'i'il to tho SVhiii' Mountain,
K('i'liii>{ his I'lnl a|i|)ri>ai'hini;. hr sent all tin- |iiiiii'i'S of whrri' he annoiinrril to Man wiing (hi' Km|iiior's trca-
his lilooil to till* iloiiiains in' ha I as-ii,'ncil tln'iii, t'ai'h i rhriy. and tin' lati' of liis \infoi tiinatr roiii|ianions in
Hcjianito kingdom, k)'i'|iin;; his Inir (i lad of rh'Vi'iu , arms llan-wiinL! si'iit ids I'ldi'st son tocaptnir Monk-
alone in-ar iiiiii. lie died, at sevnity-oue years of age. den, in ilie inov ineo of j.i'aou tang ; Imt on ids utreat-
in \3'.>S. in:;, I'l ini .il nni at liie t'l.ree o|i|io.-eil to hini. Iir slew
Tiie |)araiii.'l in tiio eomluct of lliiiig-woo's iiisnr ! linn wiili Ids own hands, and liimself e,i|iiurrd the city
reetioti, and tliat going on at tiie present period in liy storm
< 'iiina, is so elose, tliat it ean Old v 111! accounted for iiy Ilis warriois seenicd to he .so resist le.ss, tiiat tlio
tlie latter lieing all expre.ss iinit ition of the foriin'r. Chim'se gein'rals despaired of opposing theni.selves, innl
ilis appearanee w.is as iN'iiiirk.tlile as his valour, .and ealled in I lie aid of their loyal va.ssals. tlie I'oitngue.su.
his stati'srnaiiship more thin eipial to ilis niilit.iry skill \l that time (•oii^ilve/. Tei.xerii was anili.issailor. or
lie wius most anxious, in all lasr.s, to avert tiii; etliision ratlier trilmte liearer.' at I'ekin ; and as tiie Kmpi ror
of hlood ; and the instil s of eriielty wliieii Deriirred liin'i-.div fiiniisiied tlie means, a Imdy of l'(MI I'litil-
ut the siirreiiiler of eeitain eitie<, and tiie |iiinisliiin'nt giiesi' and -d* Westi'rn Asinties were eipiipped. ami
of reiiels, must, as in the present iiistanre. not he ini sent to the eapilal. I'iiirii of tiiem iiail a servant ami
piited to the orders 'if lliingwoo, Imt rather to tiie plenty of iiev ; so tliat the wholi.' eavaleade appeared
indiscreet revenge of his ^ciier ds : — even tin! young nioie like a ;;.iv eiiuipaL;e than a real army. Whrii
.Momgoiiaii prince, gramls.m of tiie enipeior, was niiin tliey nailiel IVkin, the ollieers of Canton, dniiliting
tained liy iiiiii at court willi princi'iy spleinloiir. an I th" jKilicv of peiniitting such access to the court, liriiied
preferred, when full lilicrly was olfercd to iiini, rathi'i- ilh.se wlio li.ad s;igi;estcd this nna-siire to dissu.ide tlie
to remain with his generous enemy tiiau run tiie risk l-jnpira' Ir mi emploving the luiriiarians : and thus
of returning to his native teiit-s.
VI.— "THK LAST OF THK MIXGS."
On tiie dentil of I lung-woo his .soils at once i t
ilis graiid.son. whom he had r.iised up to the empire.
with a formidaliie eo:iiitioii. lie dei.'ra'led so Iml
oiH' of them, the I'liiice of Yen, ih-featcd liiiii, drove
iiim into exile, and ascended tiie tliroiie. What follows
of the story is Imt a rerapitulation of l.oy eiii|M'iMrs and
eunuch ministers, with Tart.ir irrupt s, until we
arrive at ."^liin t.suiig or Wan li ; in whose reign
'I'"
was this little liind, under the valiant ca|itaiiis Cordier
and I'd Uapo, led hack to Macao
Tien Willi'.;, tired of war, propo.si'il a |H'ace ; hut the
liii|H'i'iil 1 rt aii>weicd hy a rescript, ordering tiie
extermiu iti.'H C.I' :ill liiiiharians N'otliiin; was hraid
of 1ml i-\tiiiiiiiiation - tin' f;i~hi.iimlili' word of the
t'iiilic-e aillhorlii's in war. Tin- .Maiilclins gaM' up
all iio|ii- .,f n.gotiating witii Midi a prople, mid took
pos.se.^sioii of \a'hi< tuiig, from which they iiiadi ini'iKids
to the gales of I'rkin. The terrilied generals, siiit
out to .'in liliilati' them, disa|ipi-ared liki- yii;antie
sh.ido.vs at the approach olni'.'hl. .and not witlistanding
all edicts to the contiaiv. tlie li.iiliarian-. grew nmre
tlie cplehratvd Jesuit" father Uicei lir.st app.'ai-s in iiow.rfiil every day, and would no longer hear of any
«;i
treaty.
Wan lisentofficers.wlioilesliovC(lalltlieholls.'softlH' i Tin' old emiH ror. Waii-li. took these rev el-ses so
Niuclii mi'rcli.inlsiieartimhoider,ainldri.vetheNiuc!:is mu.ii to iicirl, liiat he fell si. k and dn'd. kwaiig
—now called the .Mantehiis — to despair. IlitI to tsiiiig. the next eiii|M'ror. died also, from taking "the
they iiad i i a scattered nation, hut they now united li'pnir of immoilaiity "-a trick, it is .sup|Ki.sed. ot tlie
cf. wini. in Itil.'*, assumed T.iou priists, to rid I'lemselves of a monarch who
under Tien niiig. tiieir lirsi
the style and title of Kmpeior, iiaving iiiit a few naked
savages under his l>aiiin'|- Ilis fatiier iiad lieeii mur-
dered hy Wan-li'sotlici'i-s, and he swore tiial lie would
sacrifice LMMi.IKII) (,'iiiiie.se to Ilis manes He kept his
fearful oath. The Kiiii«'ror Shiii-tsuug. in order to
weaken tiie power of his dangerous rival, llaii-«ung,
the .Mantciiu chief, he.soiiglit iiim to send to him the
Mower of his w.irriors. under pretext of wi.4hiiig to
march them against the Mongols, who were threatening
his states ; liut as soyii as liosaw tiieiii in ids |iowi-r. lie
caused tiieiii all t^i lie put to dentil (aiiotiier slaiigiiter
of the Manieliikesi witii tlie exception of one only,
whose giMiil looks interestid .i inandarin in Ids favour,
who took liiiii into tiie niimlier of idsdomestii'.s, and he
so gained his eonlidenee that he la'caine steward of his „|„| .,, ,t nt-rv
household. In some time afterwurds uiiutlier Chiiuwe , hid m«il '
ii|,plies t arefillly to lmsilies.s. Ilis successor,
lie tsiiiig. reiiincd Iml .se\en years
The story of the inxt empiior. the last of tiie
Mings, is well told hy Adam Schall and Fatiier
Martini, missionaries wiio witiies.seil il
' \\\ aiiil..i».i.il..r. ari' sivl.-.l " liilmti-lK'ar.n " by tlio { l>lne«»
l,i,|„riim«. iniil tin' iir.s.nts u-imll.v liri'iiu'lit li.v llic •■ «"• •'"ini;
.l.ml Irilmti- Tlirir Ictt.rs nr.' in llir loniMil [k lili.um. nr ' pm,
- I„.niv til.- r.l'.i*il t" ^iii-''P' f'l'l-iia I'^ll""" cr.-.l.-iilmli..w •<il«r-
int.-ii.l.'iit ut (iml. in. «lil.-li l-.l I" a « ir. If ,V"ii l"-Kn. iTreino
nil"! «itli 111-- rhiiifsi- \.>ii niu-l k.-.-l
|M-rfii-t, iiH il i- ;> ni;ill.-r "t y
annili.-r, in .-iTii '
II With tiii'iii lunl Iw
M.I.- 111 llll.'lli I" p'l till- iH-ttiT nf mil'
ami |Hiliti-ii.-HK. Hut if villi iiw no ctTt'-
i„,,iiv «liat~»vcr «illi lli-ni, tli.-v M ,miii Imvi' .vmr n*" «»»,
kUiiiI ii«i.l.' Ill I'-l lla- '■"<^^ "'"«'' 'i''"'* K"
ih
ItO
ALL ROUND THB WORLD.
I'wi. p-.*t p.Mwr ctiift*,! I.r niKlSlmni;. iiil'fst»Ml tlin liciirt. "Till tliis tiiiif" (lus A-I.im S.lmll nvvrn) "the
ciniiiiiv. Mijil Wror.' t(> (l(Ti|iiiir tlic Kiii|ifri(r 'IVhiij;- eoMitiris liad ki'jit tli# iinmrrcriimi Iroiii tlif niifitnu-M
chin;;, wli.i Imd more to <!•• tiniii lio roiilil Miiumgt- in j kHiiwlc.lj;r piirtly Viy tilliHj.' liiiH iln-y wnv only for-
ropiii^' witli the T«naw, iiiiil l>(jj.iii to be ijuitf out of, geiio.s, though tht-y wi'ic iinlccd ccitttiiily true, and
.s^,-t:n'e'.-
''i\
emiEir Hioiin.-«aii Tiotn
III 11
vl
partly liy rxteniiatinu' tin' Imsini-ss, whiih wiix tho nun
of till' fni|piii'
The ein]» inr. iiiiw ronsi'il liy the imise of iirins,
which ilaily increased in his ears, bestirring himself, with feigned stories, now also regarded nut the danger
though too late, to ipu tirh the (lime, and raising
sevi'ral armies, eonsnlted to fortify rekiii. Itnt the
enniiiiis, wlio all this while had ijelnded the emperor
' Till' u'cmnil (•"iieniHsiMii nf mlilHTv, itiiii tliP pri'valiMirc of
hanils uf lliievi!*, ppivi'S tin' »iii«iiiss of the ),'iivL>iiiiiiL'iit in Cliiim,
-ii'tt lln' iu*iirrt'''li'»n:iry Wispi'^iiion nt* tlu! iKifpIe. In one (ii>-
Irictof llii-|H''.i. tiii';.''iM'rniir n'ii"iliil, in IHiS, "that viTV I'l'w <it'
th inh.ihitaiit< liav.' mu r. .-ill ir Hi'iiiialiuii, aiiillhiir ilispn^iitKiiiH
:ii\' I'U'Wiliiu'ly Icr.iri.Di-. ; iiii'\ li.'ht ami Li!l eacli othir iin rvvry
|iniv NMtinii. Ill tlu-ir \ 1. i_'i>- tii^j harlniMr thirvrit, wlio lli'c t'nini
iith'T ■li^lrirts. anil sail > l.rlha^faii to phitnliT." In tin' norlhi'rn
pirti •(" K«anir tun.', tiif 1 pli' liavj crii'triMiiirh and «lrcnii;lv
built ho'i-ieH, to \* iiii'li th.ytl'-'' for wilfty I'nnn Ihr attari.H ot'
MhtitT*. Tluw aii'U ^'•Mi'linic^ tall np-ui i-ach I'thi-p. ami the
fi'UiUl uiiimtwiti,'^ of fla.i^hip ail'lin;^ fuel ami r.v^>' \>* thr riviilrv
of fk(rtis.in wirfire. tlu' ili'strnt-tion o(' lit,* anil piMperty is irn-at.
I >i-<'uioimlly till' i>.-.Mi'i' zi'al.m^lv ll^»i.t tliiir rnliTs to apprrhcml
iheiii, tiioti^ii their f\i'(-ti'iiiH tirpi'nti altoL'itluT upon the em-ru'v
■f till- ill,' I nticitt ; an "tftfcr in l-nh-kim v^ai* ri'i'i'ininei dcil tor
prmnition U'-iin-if lie iia>i apiirrliriali'ii 17:t |«'rs4iTiH, part of a
bill of ri'hlier* whirli I itil itili-»ieil the ilipnrtiiieiit for jenr», anil
trit'il anil eonvicteil l.HiO criininuls, most or all of wlnnn werepm-
lialiahlv I'xi'inti'il. In IHJl there were four liniiilrrd nil Urs
tiiki'ii on tilt' horilern of Kuh-kuMi ; in IS:;7, two hnnilri'il u-re
hi'izi'il in till' south of the ptovine.-, tinil loti\-uni' morf lir'on;:lit
to L'unton fioin the i'a>twaril. I he povirnor olUii'il l.(MKiili,iliii»
ri'ivaiil, in INlJH, lor the eaplnie of one leailir, anil ;t,(Kio doll ns
for anolhi'r. The jnd^'e ot the provinie put lorlh h piiKliin;al on
npim till' Mihjii't in the sanii' M-:ir, in whiili lie sa_\s therr wiii'
lour hundri'il and thirty nmltridid eii-es ol rohliiiy liy liri. anils
tlii'ii on the eali'inlar; and in IStti tlnre wire upwiinls of two
thousand v. aitin^ his liii-i'-iiin, tor em'li of whtrh tlirn- were prr-
liiipa Hve or six persons waitii'iL' in prison, or nndir ronsMaint,
until tl asi' was >ettliil. These hands prowl in the larsre lilies,
and roniinit :.'ri'at ernrlties. In IHJWI, a party of live hnnilrid
o|K'nly plnnilrrrd a lieli inuii's hoii'e in the we-tiTn Milnirlm of
Canton ; and in "lian ti'h, south of the ri'y, Cl-'i" was |iaid lor
the ninsoin of two ih-rsons carrii'd otfhy thi"ii. Th,' tlnvi nor of
C'lllitiin, ill IHIll, wua attacked hy them near the Meiliii); lor
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
131
Kc WHS ill, l)iit, pontrivoil to sivvc thomsM^lvos m his
iMiiii, liy i'iiiit'eil('ratlii<; willi the ciicniy. Diiriii;^ this
tiiiit) l.ii'iiii^/. (Li'tzc shuMjf, till' loliliiT-cliiit') wiit
Rcveviil acililiers in tlisjjuisc t p tlic cimrt, mid t'liniislicil
tliem with moiu^y to tlrivi' a tiali', tin" ln'tdT to ciduli
thi'ir (losi<;iis, till ho shoiild cdini^ wiili his iiriiiy to tiir
lity Willis, ami then lui'ak tiiitli in miitiiiios. To this
|il<it, (lusigiu'il at cimi't, l.iciiu^')'. aildcil aiiuthiT, viz.,
jii'ivato corr<'s|iondfnLit with tint priiiiu ooiiiicillor !
of state ; who, it was said, oli^frviim the eni|iei-or's
imsincss to ho riiintMl, had aj^ived with tliu rchel to
(leliv'tT th<! city ; hnt whcthci' it was so or not, hn ]
marched with all speed to IVkiiif within whose walls
Wi-ro seventy thonsand soldiers under three thoiisaml
foiiiniandoi'H, and the store housi.'s provided with all I
manner of ammunition, anil the walls round ahont
planted with ^reat jfuiis, of wliieli the reliels (as they
afterwards confessed) were exiM'ediiii{ly afraid. But
that fear soon vani.slied. for their as.soeiates within
advised them to storm the eity. promisiii<; to shoot only i
powder without luillets aiiain.-t them, hy which means
l.ieun^z marohud with all his men (anno i'ltl), in
Ajiril, into the eity, the j^ales lieiii;; opened for him.'
Noitluu- did the emp'ior's party make iiny loiif; resi^t-
iinee, for hicunj;/.' soldiers, who till this time had kept
themselves private, aceording to their agreement, made
I'luiii Uidtfo Mouiitmiisl I'uss, on liis ilcpartiiiu fmm ('aiit'Mi, imil
|ilimiliTitl iit'iilnHit lo,OiKii|cillars. riicinaijistrales nl Kiiiiii;-slmii
ilistrii't, wimtli <»(' t'linlun, were nrdeiiMl by tin ir sii|n'rii»r>, tlie Siinu'
year, tn ii|H'i'ilii'ml (ivi' IiiiikIiikI ol tlic ruliliirs. Tin' Imzv |iTii'st.H '
lit* Itiulilliii mitl till* 'fault tiiniiks .HoiiKiiiiiifs Imrhoiu' ^.itiir^ in their
ti-mj>lc«, .111(1 iliviil.- 11,, >ji Ills nitli lli,iii, cirrasi.inallv cvni trmii.'
out thLMii!.t'lv( -, .th pi'i (lat.n-;. i-\i'iir.si,tiis. N.niirrcy is^lu wti llit's,'
ini.s(!roaii(s, wliin t^k.ii; lait tlic iiiiilti|i|i>'atii>n of ixicutinlis \i\x»
no t'Hect In 'Irlririiii.' Iliciii t'niiii crliii,'. |
' Tliis is till' nay tliii I'lait' party ar liii',; in Cliinii at
preHcnt. It is a wiinili rl'iil CMnnliy iit >liaiiis anil slmw.s.
WItiiesi till' filluwiii^; iHviu ii'Mi'e at tli ■ I'l'iiiaii^ Kints, mi
till) IVili I riier. niimiiaiiiliin; tlie apiimacli to IVkin, In tiie i
rifent cxiioilitioii ; —
A troop of \lon^'olian cavalry appcare 1 ilrawii up on tlie liri(l;n' !
anil rausi'Way to tin' li'fi ,,|' ilic io«ii, wlio uaU'liinl our pruieil- '
iii^s for .siinu- liini\ iiiiil tlii'ii rmli' oil' in tlie iliriTlmii ot' tin' 'I'akii
t'orti*, iloiilitU'ss to report our arrival to San;:koliii.sin. Kla^!*
alDO wi'iT llyiiii; fr ,111 tlir torts, anil niiiiilHTs of nii'ii coiilil 1,0
siK'M pcvpini; out tVoiii lii'liinil tile iniiiilli'ts of tin' I'inlira'.iiri s, .so
tiiut we antii'ipati',1 s mii' ri'sistanri', anil a.< it ti»ik all the eveiiin-.;
to liiiiil till' forrc wliifli hail liccn told oil' for tlie opcr.ttions — vi/.., i
si'coiid liri;,'ailr of iho First Division, I'oinnianili'd liy liri^'ailii'r
Sutton, ami ■J.'iOO Kri'iirhnii'ii it was dt'tennini'il. I hi'lieve, that
a joint attack should he made next inoniin); hy the ^'uiilioats in
front anil the all ed re,- nioiil- in I lie rear, liy Minsit the troops
had paiiM'd tlirmi;; the nind and seized the causeway, without iinv
iippoHitioii ; a halt was thin made, nnd uc hivouacki'd for the
iii({ht. .Meanwhile, shortly afler snusi't. Sir IIii|h' (iniiit had
pushed on with a few men, and enleted on ill,' oiitsUrts ot tin'
town, where a riiinanian w.is s, i/.i'il who sanl ihat the lorts were
euiply and unilcfcnili',', v\ herciipou Me;.sis. Parkes »nd Uihson, of
the eonsiil.ir .serv le, an I Captain Willlains ol llu, Koyals, with a
coujile of men. ni.ide him lead them lliriif^'li the town, and.
kiekini; open a irate at the rear of the soulli fort, they foiiiid that
hii* statiiiient i\a^ coned, that tlnre were only a few old woikIi-u
!?>'»» i" « eof th,' eiihiiisiiri's and that the'llaifi anil mantlets
were all a sham. A iiiiinlMr i.f inhrnal ni.iclilnes, however, hiiil
bei'ii very cuuiiiiii;ly placed uiidcrL'rniind jiisi insile the irate', and
at the iHittoiu of he a.^icenls to i aeh cii\iili,r, and had any oiic of
tlimn explmled, it mi^rlit liioe done eon-iilerahh' ilainaifc. The
iiiaii who WHS rii-Dnnoitiiii); foiiiiil the liridp' across the di v ilicli
which mirriiiiuds il treiiihiiiif; wit i his wci(rlit, and, u|Hiii'a care-
ful fxaniiimtion Mug made, il was shown to Ih' so const iinlnl
with levers, Ac., as to form a larce hamnier, Hhich, in the rush
of any hiMly of nieu, would have exploded some detoiiatiii'.'
powder In i anuuicatiiiu with a larp' ipiaiitily of nnn|K.wdir".
ciructually destro^int; '<"'' "'"I »" witliiii it. Of the guiia found
an uproar in the eity. w hieli eaiised ho ;{reat a eonfiisioii
that none knew with wlioiii to >ii|i', and every place
was tilled with slaiii.'hler. liereiipun Lieiiii^rz, lus con-
<pieror, marelied tlirouoh the city direelly towards llif
em|H'ror's pajeee, wliii h he soon took. The enemy had
pit the tiist wall lielore the emperor knew of any
ilaii!;i r, for tlio rehels' eonfedeiates (the eniiiiehs, win;
had all the command in their own power.) eontiiiiially
|iersimilei| the empeior not to liy : Imt when they |«'r-
eeived no |iii.ssiliility of his escape, they aci|iiainft'd him
with the loss of the city and |iiilaee. The empeiiir,
upon this lint ice Inin^ given, asked lirst. if any |irolia-
hility was lelt to escape; Imt lieiiii; answered that all
ways were ln'-et, they say he wrote a letter with his
own lilood. ill whii'li he aeeii.sed his eiiniiehs of
treachery, and desired l.iciiii^'z, since he had, hy the
help of heaven, jiotteii the eiii|iire, that he would
revenge his fall. This done, he took his sword and
killed his daiiohter, that she iiijolit not fall into the
enemy's hands, and alteiwards went into his g.'irdeii,
and there pis the most iinlorliniati.' empeioi'. ;ind lii.><t of
the Taimiiioian race), hanoid liiiiisilf with his oirilhiiu
a plum tree ; and thus eiiijed the house 'i'aimiiig l>y a
rohlier, which was lirst laiM'd liy the like. .After the
emperor's e.vample, the koloii, or prime ciiiincillor,
and likewisi; his i|Ui'eiis, I esnles some of his loyalest
euuiiehs, hanged themseKe.s, with .several others in
the city, therehy seeming, tli.it alter llieir iniiiitrv's
manner, to die with the empernr, which is aininigst
the t,'hinese aecoiintcd a great hniioiir, and sion ,,(
lidclily."
Adam Schall tells us, that "The empeior (lietraved
tw ice ill one iiiomeiil. unce hy hi.- eiiniiiii^, ami lien ii\
ihcieliel.-i'confeileiato. jiunUliti d on hoi si hack, fnlhiw id
with si.\ hundred horse, and fell into that port ol ihe
city through which the eiiemy came mat •htiii: ; hut
there the unhappy piiiue fmitid himself llece-^ilatell
(the great guns which weee |ilatitei| to deh ml the gales,
tiring against him, and wanting moretiid,) to return
again to his palace, where heiiig arrived, and driven
into utter despair, hi' desired the empress his consort to
hang hei'self, and advised his three sons to save them
.selves liy (light. He then took up his sword, with in
teiitioit to kill his own dauohiir. lit for marriage, that
. 'le might not live to he deliled ; hut she escaped the
Mow by llight, yet received it oil her light hand, which
she lost ; which done, he went ihereave I of all hope)
out of the palace again on fool, and tun diieclly to a
mountain hehind the palace, where, standiii;; still, he
wrote with a iH'iieil. on the hem ol Ins iiii|H'i'ial coat,
with his own IiIikmI (as it Wius sud). drawn from his left
hand, to this eli'ect : 'Much joy to the succeeding em-
peror, l,i! I entreat earnestly, hurt not my people, nor
employ my eoiiiieillnrs.' Which having wiitleti, he
pulled oiriiis lKiots,'anil throwing away his hat, hanged
himself with his girdl,,, on a piece ol timher, in a
gallery."
some were onh' uooileii diitnniii'- hut a larir*' supply ol I'liinesu
riH'kcts was tlnr, , nnii ihi- s,,|ilicrs aniiised ihi'in.si'lvi's hy ex|»'inl-
in:i tliisi' harnili'ssly in tin' air.
■'Hoots are an imp >rt ml cinsideralion in Chiiia. With us,
anioiiL' the Milu'ar. there is in old .»ii|H'islilioii of ihrowiiijr an old
sins' after a departing' friend tor hick. In Cliiia. reversini; cur
cnsioin. as they do almost invariahly, tiny presi'iil new ho Is, anil
keep tiie ohi 'iiies. 'fhns, we have it told that " The I'nviien of
Kw.iii.'inn;; iii IHICI, t'liii, was a very |Hipular iHicei, ami wlii'ii
he I'htained leave to resign lis staliiin on aec«>uiil of auc, the
piHiple vied with each other in showint; their heaily regret at
123
ALL ROUND THR WORLD.
"Tims" (miivh Fiithrr Miirtini) " t>iiili'il ii |irint'f, piT-
hn|m llii-urcati'Nt in tin- world. mii' wlm liml iiiiNU|i<>rii>r in
wiNiliitii, iiiiil<'ii<liiii<lin){. aiiil );i»H|'imtiiri- ; who, without.
I'oiiipiiiiy, forsiikcM liy nil iit tin- iii,"' of thirty »ix yt'iirs,
throliuli iK'tflrrt anil t'aD'Ic.iMiiCHM of lii< |i<-ii|ilf, caliio to
HO tiiiMrralilc ati ciiil 'I'fiijctlifr with liiiii. tln' iiaiiii> ol
the fiii|iir<-, \ iz. , 'lai Mini;, that is, " o(" L;ri'al hritflit-
lifsx," after it lunl ruiitiiiiii'il two liiiiiilriil and sixty
yi'ari<, and the wholr liii|ii'rial Kainily. ri'ikoiii-d to tin-
tiiiinlx'r of Ml, I KM I. wcri' utterly rxtinynisheil.
The (ollowiiij» day, lieini; the thiici al'ler the eneinv's
eotuiii);, l.iruni;/, inarehi'd with an army of .'idil.oiio
men into the eity, and so direetly to ihi- palaee, wh.'re
he toulc iHisHcssioii of tilt! tliruliu, ami Hettled hitiiself in
the winie.
When the ein|H>ror did not appear, I<ieuiii.'z pro-
ilamed l(»l,(Hlil du( ats as a ri'W.ird for w!ii«'ver hrouu'lit
liim, or eoulil >;i\c information ■■!' him ; Imt at last the
liody ha\ ini;lieen found haii^in;;. as I le'ore mentioned, the
leliels, without revereiiee or eompassion (Mivs Martini),
l>y eoinmanil of l,iellli;;z, hewed it in pieees.
Yet Sihall tells us that, alh-r the expiration of
a liionth, the Tartars haviii'/ drivni out the reliels,
the emperor wis lioiioinMldy Imiied, and tliou;;h not
i till amonj» the emperors, yet amoiujst the priiiees
llieir SOILS, and that all the ina,'islr,i. i, wiilinj; i>r
lot willin;.^. were loreed to i-oiiie and mourn over
lis j(nive.
The rem.iinini; party of tlie roljlier< plundered the
'liinese houses ; and whiMver walked the stiei't> in
liaiidsome apparel they immeili.'itily rallied to pri.min,
mil there, liy <riiel tornieiits. proiiind the money which
1 1 ley siispeeled they had liy their elothes ; inionilU'li
I i.'it liiitie appeared in the streets hut the eoiiipierin;'
r.'U'ls. Thirty days this ra;;e eoiitinui'il, while the
r ililiefM pos.se>sed the palaee, and pillajjeij that and the
• ily. The ('hiiie-e already desired, upon an ap|Hiinted
I iv. to eleet l.ieuni;/. empiior. lull he eommanded them
1.1 desist, lieeau>e. lus soiiii- .-.ly, he feared it would lie
ins ruin, for as ofirn as lii> --at upon the tlirnne. he w.is
t.ikeii with a shiveiin:; cold and pain in his head, and
ihereliy eiiui|H'lleil to li-e t'roin it (unlawfullv taki'ii \,\
liiiiO, and sit on the ^.Touiid, as if he liad deserved no
lietter. Silting on the earlh, they report, tli.it In-
si-elueil, in the eyi'S of the spii tators, to lie a ilespieaMe
and ridieuloiis eouiiteiianei'. and rather showed like an
a|H- than a man. It i> lielieved that, liefme he would
reeeivo the imperial iliunily. he iniended fil-st to settle j
and ipiiet tl inpire, and. I>y fon e of arms, siilnlue the
nei;{liliouriii^ prunes, allies of the deiea.sed emperor,
whieh else miylit, afterwards di.-ipiiet hini.
The s;ime sad I'L-fml line that Intel the emperor
Tsun;,'ehin, happened al>o to ilie Imperial I'amily and
I liildren. The .pieeii, or lawliil empii». nlievnl the
eiii|K!ror's eoinmand at his departure, and him^ed her- i
.elf His Women (led wherever tiny tlioii^ht to he [
: .it'e from the reliels. and went to their p.iienis' houses;
though alterwards hy fmie and policy fetelnd frmn
thi'iiee liy the Tartars. ( »ne of tile ipieeiis lieili^' taken
prisoner in ilis;;iii~e. ha\ iiiu' .altered her majestic a|ipaiel,
was made a slave to a T.irtar ; hill not lieiii),' aide to
liniii); liiin. Tin" iild rii»l «m« "liserviil nf iiliiiiilii^ lii« iHhils,
■ nil pre-iiiliiii; liiiii wiili a neiv pair .it iv. r\ rily lie pM»M'il
tliniiiu'li, iiniliiiiiiiyiitlirr ti >tiMiiiiii.ilMit'tlii'ir n^'urii wiTiiiiliijili'il."
'I'Ik' h'liyiii'ii K till' rniiti'iiuiit t'l'ViTimr nl'ii pniviniv. Tlic tiriii
iiiniii> "simllin." ll^ liii\iii|.' t.> i I, mm- UjIIi |iurlii'ii, — tlio iiiie tliut
taxiii. mul till' iitliir that lui> In piiy. ^
I iinder^ii such a yoke long, ilisooverotl herstdf, aiii\ wan
tliereii|iuii M'lil and kept anions the other wnmeii
of the furiiier king, and euiiiielm iilloweil to wait
upon hor.
' The ein(ioror'>i elde.st son, in his eighteenth year, hiiil
tliliiwii otriiis royal haliits, that he ini;;lit not he known,
and liiri'il himselt as w-rvalit louTaitar; hut impa-
tient of his ma-tei's cni.l n iliire, he went, after some
few nionth'% priv.itely fioiii tlienee to a tertain eiiniieh
whom he siippiLsed to he his trusty friend 'IIim Irieiid
durst not Ion;; coiiee.il him, Imt iidvi~i d him lu ^'o to
his sister, who had lied to his prandial lorV ImUNe. 'Ilie
iinfortiinati! prinei* was then oli|i;>eil, tor the ^ake ol
mere existence, to tliscover IiIimm It ; and. allhon^'h the
Tartars spared his life, they londemned him to iiii-
prisonmeiit. Some pioiiii-,'d to hi him have a prince's
revenue, and honour hini with the title of kin;;; Imt
he who was fallen from the lii;;lirst pinnacle, ami had
a iiolile heart, would not stoup to im an tliili;,'s ; nay,
he despised all that was proU'eriil him li ss than the
empire, and deliyht»'il his tiiin-y w.th iniisie and sin;;in{;,
for the lietter dispeisini; of his sorrows.
.Many h.id alieadv iliMoveied who lie wa.s. from his
liein;; t'ormeily mark- d on his limly. and declaied him
the einperor's son. Certain passages of the court Were
diseiiMieil hy him likewis.: and (li«ciilied, whiih were
iiiiknown to all persons His father's sohlieis and
ollicers piiiniin;; after llnir prince with their finoers,
showed that lie l.e;;an to he piililicly known. There
heii'i; some appi'cheii.siiiij that hi' uoiilil torni a eonihi'
nation, tiom the hatred "hiili he hore to the Tartars,
the [KisM'ssors of the realm, it was jndpd convenient to
dispatch him ; and toriy ma;;islrales and martial olli-
eers were also e.xeeutcd, l/nil If iiii<//il ml </ir iritliuiit
ciim/Mitty. or want iittendaiice in the iitlier world iie-
cordini; ' 's hirth and ipialily.
The fhli si hiother, who had pit to Nankin, caine
almost to the same end, Isiiii; killed hy one of his near
lehilions, who had there raised liniself to he emperor.
J'.iil if we credit Father Martini (ihe writer of '• The
History of the Wars if the Tarlais"), the eldest of the
emperor Tiuu-ehin's three mhis was never heard ol,
thimi;li the roliher LieiiiiL:/. made loin; and strict .seaicli
after him. Whether he fjot away hy lli;;ht. or, as Home
say. drowned him.selt', is tinkiiown Martini also ^a\s
that the two youngest .sons fell alive into the rels'ls'
ll.inils, who (III the tlliril day caused them to he ilra;;p'il
out of the city walls, and their liead.s to he Kevereil
from their liodies.
Uii Saiikwei, a relative of the Iiu|M'rial fainilT,
liap|H'iii d, at the til if the t-torinin;; of Tekin, to he
slatiolie'l I'll the fi'oM tiers to defend llielii a;!ailist the
.Maiitcliiis or Tartars. When he heard that a rohlier
had sei/.ed the throne, his indiu'iiatioli e.xci eded all
iMiiinds, and takiiii; T.'lOO Tartars into his jiay, he
in.'iri'heil 111 meet the enemy. In a haul loii;;ht hattle,
victory declared in his tiiMnir. and pit in;; anotlu'i-
leinforcenient of i;ii.IIIHI .Mantchils and .Mongols, he
|iri'sseil on to exterminate the monster l.i. In thi.s
he .Miecei'ded : hut whin he wished to send home his
Tartar auxiliaries they ri'fiised to h'.'ive, and in stroni;
foree niarehed oil the eapi'al. "So great wa-s the
aliiiiidance of rlmice niiil preeioiis giMsls" (.says a Jesuit
writer, present at this |H'rioil), " that the whole eoiinlrv,
to the hiirdeis of the provinee of I'ikin. a way often
days' journey, lay coveri^d with satins, and all manner
of eiiihroideri'd clothes — a thiie.; incredilde unless one
hud heun un uyu- witness." Aflei> the army had lain
>PHU". 1 1
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
12S
Iniir iliivs licr'H' llii' city, till- T.irt.irs « -n: liy all tin'
iiili.iliitiiiii > .iihI i:niii<|i>'s ili;it ui'iit ii.f'i till- iiniiy,
ri'i'i'JM'il uitli iiinrli Joy M\i Irti tiril in; \\ lirr('ii|>iiri
Aiiiawiiii'4 ill' iiiicli- to till- lai'liir i'iii|ii'i'iii', »liiiriiiii-
liiiiiiiird til' iinny ill iM'lutlt' of liis iir|>li>'w, aski'il it'
tlii'V wiiiilij i-imIIv riiii'i'luiii anil li't tlii'iii in as ){iii'sIh ;
ami il'tlii'V wiuilil, fii'iii tliit liiiii- t'luwafil, l«'((i>\ I'rni'il
liy tlio 'r.ti'tai'H : III wliitli tliry all I'l'ii'il Willi a loiiil
viijue, "'I'liiiiisaiiil ami a tlioiiHinil tiiiics, a tliiiiiMainI
ami a tlimisaml yvarn, Iim' tin* rni|HTiil' ; " ii wisli
iiM'il at lliis il;iy t.i till' riiint'sn i'iri|M'i'iir ; this ciiilcil,
ii|Hin till' ('liini'si- ii'i|tii'st till' yiiim>{ Tartar rinpi'i'iir
liilliiwi'il tlii'iii intii till- "ity mill |iala(i' -Imml ilnwii
III a ln'a|> lit' riiUlii^li. Tin' iirxl ilay. tiir Tarlars iml
li.iviii:^ li'iii.si's i'iiiiiii;li. tiinii' I tin- I'liincie ixit nl' tlicir
il*rllini;s.
'I'lii! < 'liiiii':<r, as a naliiiii. iiiailc a Ix'itir 6i;lit tliikii is
{{I'licially •.'i|i|>i)si'i| a:;aiiist their iin^dlri^ -iiiilci'il, a
luiiijiT ami a ntnm^i'r mii' than that nt ihc Saxoiis
ayamst th • N'oriiiaiis, Tlii'V ^IomI liy i iit :!ni|MTiir
al'lcr aiinthi'r with lln' finr^'V nl ili's|iiiir .inil wln'ii
the rartari insisti'il that all •■ lnyal (-'liiiicHc," that is,
till iilii'ilii-iit til till- ii-u'lvi's, hIioiiIiI sliavi' thi<ir liumls,
wi-ara |ii;;lail,l ami ail'>|it the <h mi/.nr .Maiit< hii cuaf/.lii'
natiiiii imli'^iianily tli'wtn arin^.aii<l ilrnvc an ariiiy nl'tlii'
Tartiirs inlo the rm-r Yaii,' t/.c kiaii:; All wmilil
imw havi- l;iiiii- ui'li, lial I |iati'i'>l ii: tailir >>t' Ciintnii,
mil' I'hin,' rJii'lnn;;. tin; t'llhii' i>l' tlii' r'Niivviicil Ciix-
ini;a,- at tiiat liim- in ni nni iml nt' 4.i"Mi \i'>w|s. ri'
III liiii'il true to ins I'oiinlrynien, whosit cnise lie hail n|i
to this lime assi^teil Ihil < 'nni^ I'ln; Inn;,' was an aiii-
liilioiH t liliir. with a '■ mhiI almve Imttiiiis ; he ilesjiiii
Id In' mail)! i'lil|iiriir hiliisell'; wliieh. svhcn th' I'liiliese,
who havi! a ^leat avi'i-ion to /uirriiiiin, iilnseil. hi'
went over, in the critii-.il nionnnl, to the Tartars, who
hail iillereil him the rank of i;em'i-aiissiiiio. Limliii^
alter this to vi>it the I" lit ir jjeneral I'eilr, he was re-
eeivoil with all the lioiioiirH liie to his rnnk. Ihit wlicii
he ai;aili ilesireil to reliiin to his lloet. the Tartar eour-
teiMi-'ly rei|iiestei| that he woiiM aei'oin|iany Inni to
I'liiirt. <'n his arrival at I'ekin, he wa-* t*trii-tly
friiarileil at lii-st, aiiil ^llortly afterwarils piit to ileal h ;
liiit when the [linites ^iw th se Ireaiherons ilealinijs,
they r.illieil their foives iiii hr l.'liins^ eliaiii,' kmi',;, ami
nua^'eil the roa.>t
The la>t |irelemler to the Miii;; throne, ilcseemlril
fri.<ll the loyal lilooil. was ^'llll;; leili, a (.'hn^tiaii |irilii'e.
W'Im iLssuiiiuil tliu name of ( 'mi 'tantinc. His eoiirt was
' " Mnny," inys Sir ilii n Diivi-, "iire tlio ilmiiu'i'^ uliii'li miiy
!m' iiiiiile ill lie'*!* itio eimiitri*'*, witlr-iit tlit' iiotii'i' "r I'vrii tlu'
kiiiinliilirv of llic liir;.'i'r |Kiiii m nftlie iiiiiiiniiiiity ; Iml iiii I'liliie
iiltcratiiiii ill tlie n:i'i>i lal iii^tirm' iitli'i-t!! fvi-rv iii>iiviilniit i'i|iiiiUv.
t'rinii till' lii',:li<-«t In till- lii^w-^t. iiiiil in in'iliaps i<l' all uIIht^ tlir
iiioHt ii|M>ii an I iti-.'r.iiliii;: tii.iik •<l'(tiiii|Ui'si." I liis uriliT wan re-
i)i>letl liv tv aiiv, will) I' iwf tn l.tse tli> ir liraiU ralluT than |iart
nitli llicir liaif; lail llii- n a il ilc uai L-railiiallv I'lit'nrriil. anil lias
now fir alioiit tirn rt'iitiiri< ^ Ui-ii ntio nl' I c iliHlin<;iii'>irni^ niarl,M
i>f H Cltiiu's,', tliiiiii;li to tliiH itav ilie imtiM-s of Ktilikieii mar a
liiiliilkiTcliii't' aioiiMil tlii'ir ln'ail to cinuial it it slmul i not
fiira|N* iiiitii-i' that ii tiiniilar rtian^i- ariiniipaiiii'il tin- i'oni|iiost ot
Kii);laiiil liy tin- NornaiH Tin' itiiUHitli cliiiis. slmrl liair, ami
iliavt'ii lip of iiiir oiMi peopli' wi'te a<loptiil to ilistiiij(ii?.li tlin>i'
obi'dient to lit' Xin-iiain nile, in r-'iilrtiii^tini-lion to tlioM' Sa\oii*
will) manire'iliil Iw piesiTvinir tlu* iiw of tin- Ioiil; liair anillH'aril
of tlifir aiii'<'stor>. llii'ir avi'fioii to the cnniiiiiront, ami ih ti'iniiii-
atiiiii to free the iiHi'lviH « hiiii'Vir |»K«ilih'. Ilie ili-tiiiition in
till* tiinio of till' .Sai'Mi, anil the Nonniii roit, the kirlle ami the
I'lmik, were of tht' K.inii' natiiri'. fslf Walter >eoti, in the "(K'nin;;
Ki-i'iii* I f Ivaiih'M'. inakei a !1|mi ial note* on tliin point, In ili'M-rihln j
Ihti ilrvan ol i'tiliie thu Saxon.
lilleil with eoiiverls, all Ills t'oin'rals wnrn r'liristians,
ami Imh wife ami niotlier i in liilth. wimIo a liller to
I ho I'ojie aiinoiimin^ their eoiiversioii : a |i:ili'iot hero,
Keaiiy Isiie, nl-io a|i|a'.iii'il, ami fontnl the Maiilehn
army in a |iili heil liaille mi two iH'e isimis. In a thinl
ho tell, ]iiri'i'eil liy nil lurow in the In art,- jiml with
him ilieil, lor tsvo ci'iitiiries, tlio liii|ies of China. Tin-
Kin|ieror (^inslanttne was i|ii\en frmii eiiy lo eity.ainl
liiialiy foiiml rel'ni;i! in I'l'i,'!!. retiirniiij; only to I.e
Ireaiherniisly slr.in^leil hy \\ n laii-kwei, ihe i»em'liil
w lio hail rei'i'iveil, m a rewanl for lii'si ailmillini; the
Taitars, the |iiimi|iiility of N'linnaii ami Kweiilmw.
( 'oxinya iilmie riinaiiieil to annoy the T,iri,ir enijierur.
It is tolil of lilin, that when he reeeiMil the iiews iif
^'lln',• hill's ill alll, he was so iiiieiiseil ihiil h' 'altaikiil
a Tartar Ihet, hiink .seMial of llie xe^^eU, ami ent oil'
the ears ami im-es of l.lMill Mantihil^. " These men
lie sent on slime ; luit the Tirlars jnit tiiein to ileatli.
so that till' shame jiiil n|imi llniii miolit not sjinail
The liravo Covinoa lieiil mit niilll liiiij. having; lamliii
ii|ion the islaml of Formosa iiml ilriM'ii o'll the Ihiteh.
— who, in s|iite of their |iresiimei| iia\al superiority,
eoiihl never ;:;et it bai'k, hut snllereil ji ilefeat with
their whole tli'et, ill an i'ii^i<(i'inent in whieh. howe^ei.
(x'oxiiiija fi.'ll.' The ChiniM- piiale ailiniral, who sne
eeeilcd. Was his >mi ( 'liino ke sail. who. at lasi, when
tireil of a roviiio life, timl saii.ileil wiili |iliiniler, ileiir
miiieil " to llie ilei ent," ami a |p'iil from tin.' Tail.ii
ilynasty the otliee of hi>;li ailiiiii.il of ( 'hin.i.
With liini was e\lin;,'nishi il the la^t sjiaik o'
o|iiii reliellion ai;aiii-l the Tartar n>nr|ars, anil wiih
him |iei'i>hi'il, as was then tlionohl, the list liojie nl
the .M 11114 family, w lio>e ofeatlnss at .se.i was eijiial nl
one tiine to their S|ilenilonr on the ('hinese tln'olie
We reail in the "lli,>tory of llie Mlno hyna^ty,"
|iiililisheil, as we have siiiil, in more than a hnmlieil
volinnes hy a Tartari'm|ieror in ITl'J, thai in the reion
of Yiiii^lo, that 1,'ie.it |iriiiii' hail, diirin,' twelve years,
a fli'i't iiianni'il oy ;iO.(il)ll sailms. — whiili, at ilivei^
lime.s, went to .ManilLi, the Moltieea'', l'«orneo, .la\ a,
Siiniaira, Tonkin, ('oehin (hina (.'anihoya, Siam,
.Malaeea, l!ei:oal. ami Ceylon. The s|ie,ik of the
I'eak of .\ilaiii. ami the iiii|>ri'ssimi of hi^ foot (nsino
their own term I'hankii. the tiist ilenion oml, whom
' they |iiilnre witiia h.imiiier ami eliisil. inliiaily hew in^'
out the heavens !) of I'aiiiiit, Siif.il, Ornins, Aden, ami
of the sea near .Medina and .Mieea They hroiiulil
haek to China enmnioiis liilies, and .I'l lhe|iriliees ol
^ those eotin tries sent emlia.^s is to Viiiio lo,
! The Km|iire of China li.ts coiii|irisi'd olie sole ami
niidi^idel nioiiarehy ever sime the year of (,'iiii-i
llTll, lint i!i>leail of lieini; ri'ijaided frmii that, as a |iri
\ ih'p'd I'ouiitiv, o,,\ erni'd I'roni lime inimemorial by the
• The 'I'lirtar* j.'avi' an ixaiiiple, on this ..era-ion, o' wliat imh
be ilniie hy II ^rrat einpiri* to ilelemi its interior (10111 tin* ra\ayi*!*
of 11 piiatii-al enemy. They ili->troyi'il all the towiiH, villaires, ami
Itonsi s for a liepth of tuo h-i^uis aloii/ the whole exii-nt of the
iiui-t, thus leavitiir 11 ili-iTt hetween tl-e ili*\ a>latMrs anil the
interior of tho Cileslinl Knipin*. "Thin meiiiorahli* exainiile,"
suyi.M. Hill*. ** may enahle ii** to jniL'i* i\h.it ilii* Chini'-i* aro
rapalih' of, slioillil they ali_\ liay ha\i'to "ppoi*.* thiniM-lvi'S to the
iii\.i*»'on of a |»o«iTlnl et.emy. So lot;; a-» they |io?,m'>s tin*
I'onse'enei' ot the inxiniihlc t'oree that lit* in the ininieiiM* extent
of tliiir territory anil their v,i~l p'pnlaiion, tiny have iiolhin^' to
liiir troin tin- assault of Htraiiirer**. \N'lii*n a nalion ha** on lis
•liiU* iiiinihtrH ami spare, ami it is resoheil to take mil aiUanta^e
of these two r> soiirees, there an* always ineiins to paralyse tin*
lei'rneil Ktriii'):\ anil the fuiiniiiating iiiachincs of an unjust
agj;i essor."
I I
itU II
'^1
n
ia«
AT,L ROUND THB WORLD.
\ fiHINitl ««M«||.
"•nil., coiutitution, cxRiiijit from fiiri'ijjn ciuniiipst nnd
iiitcsliiu! rMiiiiiiiptii)iis, till- iiiily |n'iiili:iiily wliicii it
IliiSSUH.scs, in i'iilil|i:il'l'<u|i with III lll'l' rMI|>il'i'S wiiirii liiiVf
ili.sii|i|ii'an il tiniii (lie i.iiili, is, tliiit — lAviiii; |ii'iiiii|is tii
Its |n'Iiilisiila|- sitiialiiiic. ill tin- rxtv ity nt'liic lialilt-
iiMi! wdi'lii, mill its riiiisi'ijiii'iit cxi'Miiiliiiii iVniii iIh'
(i\vi'f|i lit' lliusL' cipiiiiiii'i'ini; iMtimis wlm iliiinm'il
till' |pi'ii|il(i wlimii tlii'v ovrrtliri'W. — it Iims |irrsi'rvcil
its iiiiiiiiiiT.s mill iis,i;,'i's, ill 11 f,'ii'at iiirasiirr iiii-
iiitiM'i'il, iiiiililst till' virions ri'Viiliitiiiiis ainl siili-
jugiiliiiim wliirli it li.isi'X|.c|-ifiH'f(l. ' 'I'lu-Tu lixs nsiilti'il
' ('lilim, it iin;;lit tii Iw iiMirriri'iiiTully liimwii, was, in tlii' I llli
I'l'iitiiry, lln! viiiini m|' ii " ^nnul " !• x|iiii- iil. 'I'lir I'm s
WuiiL'-iiu'aii-c'lir, a unat |iiiil>iv.|>|iii'al |H>lilii'iaii (llii'V lian' plnily
I'l lliiMii ill Krahii), p.t iuii, |i,mi'i-, wlirii tin' Kiii|Hinr Clini-
t»'Miiii.' ili'>iri'cl Id siitpiiiiiil liiin-flt' willi iMilitflili'iicil iiiiii, iiiiil in
•pill' III II ii|iii~ili'Pii (if 14 I'liiisiTvaliM' li'iuliT, I'si'-iiia kiiiiaiiir
(|iliillciillu'i'il Ziina«liall..'>, III' riilhllirlid llii' .•miTllliii'nt iill tlio
tulliiwiinf |innri|ili'»: '• Ilii'Sialr >licMilil liiki' I l»-i'ii' in' iiiniiu.'u-
niiintiit' riiiiniirni', iiultisiiy, ami airilnillnri' inln its .i«ii liaipis,
with iliK vii'W lifsiii-iMiiriiii,' lln' Murkiiii; I'las^is anil pii'Vi'iiliiii;
tlieir licinj; lt ill In 'In' ilint liv tl.i' rirli. 'rr.laiiials hiti' i'-:a-
lilintit'il tliriiii^'liiiiit IliiM'nipiri', wliii'li lixi'il lli|. |iiii'<> iil' |iriivi»iiiiis
■mil Hirri'liiiiiiliiii'. Fur a utirtuiii miiiilwr uf jnturs, tan'ii win'
frniii tliis state nf tliiiii^, iiliko iirrjiiilipinl to (lie
|.riiL;rrss nt' :i lialiuli, llllil In tin' wrjliiri- nf
liiiiiiiiiiity at lari;i-, a spirit n!' rxrlusivi'ii"ss wliicli
'iiipnsi'i!. In Im- paiit Ity lih
rx'iiilil. Tlir triliiiiial" mr
p'lor. Till- nlllll tlius (' •ili-r
iit tilt Slate, Iti Ih< ili
iil'nnplity, irnl tit nltin'H'i- >l
.ill, attil Iriiiu iiliirli tiii< pmir \\|trii
tnir-'iiii- i\li.. ua.- rirli ami witn «iw
I uat It 1m- riMl'Mil in till' riilliTH
nliiitrti lit ai^i-ii paiiprrs, In wttrkinrii mil
jllil^'rll Iti Ih> ill lli'ril III it.
nil! I'l
'I'lif Malf was 111 liavi' llu' niily pl'ttlii'liitii nl' llii'j.i.il; in rai'll
ili«trirl till' tiilMiiialii Will' 111 as»i^'ii tin' liiial aiiiiiiiilly In tliii
I'm lllrls, itliii itl>l riltlilr aimill^^nt llll'ln llir srril ticrrssary tit sow
It, iiiiriimlitittii tlial ilir lii:iii was ii'paiil ritlur in );raiii iir iilliir
ptivHi'r.'.iiins iil'ur l!ir Ikitm'^i \ias pilliiri'il, ami (liraril, y** Hi'j:is
ItMi'S'lii'inrari tl Iliit r> nl' llii> IriliiiiiaU slutiilil lit wlial kiiiil
itl ri'iip was Itt Iti' ^Ttiwti ami t.||)tply tlir sri'il I'ltr it ! Alillllilallril
mill liapp iii'ss wiTi-lltiis III lti> a»iii('il In llii' lami, niiil IliK
iiri'i'SMirii-, 111' lili' sttlil at a imtili'iali' in'ici'." Tlii' iimlrary
timk plaei'. I'.H'iyiliiiij; was nvirliinii'il iinlliiiit; Iniill iip-
I'vi'ryni'i' ruiiiiil, i'Mtx mn' lii/y. as ilii'ii- was iio rrwanl
I'.tr ill liistry. At la^l llir (rrral pliiln.nplii r Hliili'tiimii, tiiiiliii|{
that I'ViTvnnit was spi'iikiiiL: a;:aiii>t liim, stnpjiril all litfriiture,
ami ni'ilirril iliat iiniii' lull liisiiHii ItiKtks ^llnlllll In' ruail, nil lliu
pinpli' wirr lilimliil Itl lliiir iiwii ^ikhI liy tlie lili'iary iiii'ii mi
llii' ntliir siili' 'I'liis was Inn iiiiiili ; llie wisi' anil tin? Ii'ttriii'il
i'iiiiiImiiuiI, anil witli miu uiiiu-il clnmoor uf tUu suiruriiig imipU
CHINA. COCHIN CHINA, AND JAI'AM.
IN
Inks i'iiKt>ii<l<'ri'il :iii iiviTwri'tiiliu Mcll't'cinri'it, unci ciiii- I
tfiii|il 111' I'viTMliiiii; llmt is iml Cliiiic-n', licliii'^s iimst
lil'rjiiiliiMiil III IlilririiliiliiillilriitiiiM ami riHilliiri'ci'. 'I'ln'
iniixilll III lllix ;{iiv<'niliiriil U In lull' si I :illi{rr-< nr ^
liiil'liiii'i'iiis likit lifiistH, mill Iml liki' iiiiIIm' suliji'ds ,
mill lii'iiir it is lint Miii'|irisiiii4 llmt Innil iiutliniitirs, ^
mill till- I |ilt> lliiMiiscivrs, >|i<iiilil liclmvr tiiwaiils
stniliyi'ls MS if llicy wi'lT 11 i|ii;i;iili'i| inilrr nl' liriliys.
'I'lirv ilii mil rvi'li riiliniilrr triMtics i>l' ilLftri'lili'llts willi
lilll'liill i IMS liinilill); ; ilisilirt'lily iiml rulsriinnil, Nsllii'li
Hilly li'iiil tn ilisllMlHt ami jralniiMy aimiii;; tlirlnsiKis.
Ih lilt! virliii'M when |iriirlisnl tnwuiils .sliaiiyiTs ; ami
licliri' it is, ihal liiiwcvii- liiilrli a liilliilicl' nl' lliiiil;;litt'ill
mill I'iiriicst |K'isi)ii.s may I'l'^i'"'! llml 'li'' '•ivili/atimi
iif iiiiirr null's hIhiiiIiI Ih! inti'iniril ii|iuii an rxi'iisivi'
|ifii|ili' l>v rmi'i' iit'ai'iiiM, .still, if lIuH \sill liiiik iiini'i'
■ l<'t'|ily iiilii till' iiiatli'i', tliiy will Iiml llial surli arlimi
lliil.st lir illliliialrly I'nr lln' lu'lirlil nl' llii^ CIlilii'M'
llii'iiisi'lvrs 'I'lifV arc tiaiiiilril ii|Min liy a rnrciiiii
ilyiia.sly — tlic rmiiitiy is iriit liy iii.siiriirlinii -llicif
is liitli' or no n|H'nin}{ In rninim'i'L'i', to rivili/alimi, nr
In llii' |ii'ii|ia^'alinn of llii' <in.s|irl; till' |i)'n|ili' lalKiiir
iimlrra llimisaml imniivi nirm-rs ami alisiinlilirs liaml
rilijnwn I'rniii Hrmralinii In ^'riiiTatinn, wliiili iiitrr-
■.niiiiiiniiii'aliiiii with otlii>r iiatiniis wniilil snllm ilnwn.
it' mil Mllrrly t'll'ari'. Tlii'V liavi' im cnnliilrnri,' in mil'
minllur, ami it is cssi'iitial to ilirir wi'llairaml prnni'r^s.
llmt siirli Ik stall- nf tilings sliniilil In' I'l'iiicilicil, ami
that thry shnnlil, as far as |in>.>ili|i', lie iiii|iri'ssi'il with
a sense nf triilli, jiisliee ami sineerily. The ways nl'
I'rnviili nee are oflen nliseiile In the lilniliHl senl»' nf
niir imnlal (.•niu'i'|itinns ; ami llie Chinese, whnin smne
Iniik In. as, willi the Ja|i.im'se, as the tiitiiie ilnmiiiaiit
|inwei'a nf the Kar-i'asl. will |il'nlialily nlily he rn'.iseil In
a sense of their own ea|)aliilitii's ami re.sourte.s hy
I'nllisinn with other jieople.
VII.— TMK I5KI5KI.S OF CirfNA.
TllK.stnry nfthe " First ami bi>t nf the .Mil|i.'s" is
the story nf all I'hina. That nf Ifiiiii; W'nn is liein;;
aeteil over a'.;iiin in the iiresent reliellinii iimler Tien-
tell (|ii'nnniiiiee(l Tieii tav) Shortly after the I'Viiils
ill 1>4I, whieli leij tn the eessinii nf llnni; Kniiifaml
the n|M'ninij nf the live |inrts, iheChinesi! Kin(ii'ror
Tan kwaii^. wlin, hy his haughty disdain i>( the harha-
rntis nations from wilhi.iit, had hurrieil inin ii war with
<!reat Itrit.'iin, and hy so dniii;; had laid the hasis nf
eivij war, and iiiisa|i|ieil the Iniindatiniis of the Manlehii
dynasty, died, and was siu'eieded liy his son, whn
a.s.siinied the title nf lliaiilnn^ "l'iim|ilete .Mmii
thiiiee." The new ini|iernr shut himself m|i in the so-
o.'illed I'aradisc' — a eity within a eity — iw large a.s a
till' SiK'iiili«lii were (Irivi'ii out 111'! 'Iiliiii. Tliry |)ii»ii' I tin' llrnit
WhII in liirt'i' trihijis, ami wiuhIiti'iI ititi* tlir ili'sert itl' liti'f;irv.
lli-ri' tlii'x i'iMiininiiii-;it. (I tin-ir niii|uii't ^pii-it totlii' .Monirol trilu's,
itiiil the wliiili- III rartiirv was in ii liTim-n' witli tin- ri'l'iisi' nl'
tMiinrsi' i'ivili/.iiti()n. Ni>t!iin^ \*ny w.inliil litit a man to ur^uni/.i'
anil iiiinniaiiil, ami (IrnL'liis l\li:in ii|>|H':ir<'il. lie L'atlii'ii'd
toiri'tliiT ttir wild anil t.riiMt' linolrs nt tlirst* r<':;i<>n^. anil led
tlu'tn in inimi'iiM' liiitt;ili<>ns even intn Karo|K', iTUsliiii^ an>t laer-
wlii'lniiii); all tlial cmmm' in lii» w:iy.
' riie rmpiT'ir li\es li\ rule: la|i. ai'ciiviliir.; to the usual tiishiini
of this |)i'opli', that rah* mii>t n ri-isurily hi' ipal.' at variaare witli
liar iiiitiiaiii. .Vlwuit tline u'clmk in llir altrriiixiii. or I'imii' at the
latest, the iliy ilnw's, ami :ill relirr ti> he.l in tin' |ialai't>, hiilh in
winter ami saininer, Tlit' liuar I'nr rsiii^' is mie o'eliKk in tin'
uiKruia^. After lie nets np. I lie i'Ui|irrer i;"i « In wail iin las
iniillier, wliii, in order to lioltcr luaintaiu lier divinity, sumetiini's
fiirtilh'il town, siirroiimled hy llatterei-s, euiiuihs, unil
eoiieiiliims ,\ new ni'der of ihiims wis inaiiijiirnttMl.
.Mil ehaiig lia and K I u were dismissed, and their fiie-
eessnrs were selei ted for llieir inveterate hostility In
Kurn|H'aiis.
It is not .siir|irisiiii{ that under these eireiimstaiieeM
a rumour heeaine |ii'eva|ent. and NMis iiiii\ersally re-
eeiveii, that the end of the Tsjng or .Matilehu dynasty
was at hand. The |ii'rioil of the downf.ill w.is even
fixed hy |irii|iln'i'y fir the liirtyeiojith year of the
existing ey.le, whiih enrres|inmliil In .v.n. 1S.">1. It
was |iriii'laimed that the ehiefwlin lirst iiiifiirled the
slamlard nf the amieiit native (jhiliesi' dynasty nf the
.Mings wniild asi'i'iid the thinm.'. Hiuh an imlividual
was not long waiiling. lie was found in the |H'rsnii
of a youth, a|i|iarenlly willioiit inlelleet. eiiler|>ri.se,
or even |ihy>ii'al eourage to riMoiniiieiid him, hut who
was deelal'i'd to lie a lineal deseemlaiit nf the .Mings,
and whn assumed ihe name nf Tien teli -" Celestial
N'irtiie,' lail is alsn varimisly designated as Tye ping.
Tai-|iing waiig. iVe. liarily tweiily three years of age
at the niitlireak of the iiisurrei'tion, this tnol of the
more sei ret and amiiitimis desiyii.s of oi heis was always
attended hy iin aged and iny-terious eounsellor, whose
eoniiei'tioii with him has never lacn perfi't'tly e.\
I'lailied.
The |irnvini f Kiiangsi, where the insiirreetinii
lirst showed Its hydra he.id, is ii nioiinlainous region,
a.s vast as the estate of many a .siiverei<.'n in reiilral
l'!iiro|ie, in the sotith-weslern |ioi'lion of the em|iiii'.
Ihe less aeees-sihle |iorlion of this distiiet is tenanted
hy the .Mian tze a warlike, freil ting, inile|ii'ndeiit
race. Itaeknl hy sii^ h hardy ami intri'|iid iiinniilaineei'-.
Tiellleh, nr lathii- his generals, fnr he never e\|ioMi|
himself to the rehuke of rashness hy ]iartii'i|ialiiig in
lU'tive hostilities, had lit lie dillieillly in sulijeel ilig t he
eity of llo, and eiossing the fiontnis of Kuang si to
enter inIn the |aov inee of Knan-tongit 'antoii). The em-
lielor, fiilhfnl to his [loliey of ritiogiessioii, iles|iateheil
that unsi'iii|iuloiis liarliari.iii, I. in. to o|>|iose the insur-
gents. I'lUt l.Mi dad on the way, and was siieieided
hy l.i sing Wen, The new iin|ierial eninmissiniier
ili'i'lilies tn rei'iivi' liiin. He prostrates Inniself laitiiide the iliKir
ami ret urns, Kroin tlieme he i.'i»s to li:;hl snnie seeiileil slicks
hefnre ;in iilol. .-somewhat hel'-re three u'rioek, tlie ^riimlees of
the I'inpire, vvli ek anilieiiee, arrive. Itnsinrss is trans:ieli-(l,
ami helore sunrise all is alreadv linisln'il. la Hui'i.pe. vvlirn a kiai;
shows hiaisell' in pulilie he lii-li^liis HI ^eeinj tiiiiiselt' snrniamhil
viitli his piiipli'. .mil reieives with ple.i-ui'e the Irilaite ol their
aeeliimations ami li'>inii^e. In i'el.iii, ami uliet-ever tlie eaijieror
riNiile^, u heiifVi-r III' IT'S'- aliri'iiil, every one eloscs liis ilnor, wiu'lovv,
and simp; howrvrr, it is n>>*orions that tlii> Cljinese iievt r t'.iil to
]M'ep at liiin tlii'>>ii::h llie ehinks. .Not a sout >I:ire li<' l'<<unil a|H)a
his piissji;;!' ; all havi' taken tlijlit lu't'ore. and, and w<s' to vvlin-
evi r is not llii't enoii-h. .Noin ith-tiimliiii.' tiie«e honours, the
emperor ot'China is a ri-eliise in his pal^iee ol Lay lien, where lie
eliiclly resides, and he knows hilt verv litlie ol' what is ;;oing on
in his state, 'I'lie ah^iird eereniotiy wlneli sniroinids hiiii n■mier■^
liini iniii'i'i'S-ihle In tralh. I'!veiv I'oniniunii'Mti'in inade to liiiii
reai'hi's hini inanaliielared hy lii* hit I'tmi'/, or /m/v vooe/, tlio
nmmhirins ot' liis pal lee ; and. he-ides, he is -o intatnatid hiiIi liis
pretemled jramiiur, so unplial'le in llie miilst ol' liiiman vieissi-
tildes, HO uninaiiaL'eahle in rrver-is, so terrihle, so ridiealoiis, so
I ini[t)a<-:ihle in his veii^reanee, that the ;rreat art ot the eoart is tii
I ileeeive liiin, and is'i-saade him he li;is Uth always sneei'sst'al. 'lite
I inspectors seiil into the provinces are intiillihly errnptnl, iiiid the
ri'ikirt whieli thev ;:ivi' will ho ni'>nliled Hcntriittnj to fustum,
; Thus liis armies, which lie suppo-cs to he innaineral'le and inviii-
cihh', liave little evisicn M'.pt on p:ip<'r. mid tlie mandarins,
who iniilcrstand llieir trade, keep t'or themsi'lvs, as an atldition to
their salaries, the enoriiious sums deiitilied lor the pa^ of these
i muster lolln of soldiers.
II
•lit 1
I
im<3 i
'ill n
i|!il!?'i
I
i!
flH
m:
vt
13<
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
ilcte.'nl <jf O'lIIVi'vill;; 'I'irll li'll, 1 ll.iilll'll, to tlll' tinit 111"
tln! llii'Diu'. a.s ill- liail I II unli'ii'd tii do, coiiti'liti-il
tiiiiisi'lf wiili iilliUMitiiin iill till' i'\iU til want of eiicrjtv
(111 tlif |iiiL lit Sill, vnciiiy lit Kuiiij; si.
Til. iiisiin ' i HI ill till- iinMiitiiiii' ki'pt iii.ikiii,' lii-ml.
All mIm jiiiiic'l 111 till! imni'liH'iit nil iill'tlii'ir |iiu'' liU,
.■illmvci! tlii'ir li lir 111 ;;iM.v Imi'.^, iiiiil ii'|il;n-i'>| i lie T lit ir
cliiak liv llii- olil i;.iriii iit ii|>riinii{ in trniil, wliiili wa^
ViiHIi ill llii' tiiiir lit till' .MiM,'s Tlir iiii|n'llal onil
iiiisiiiiiii'i' I, ill i-stitiiliiiii I Ins li a I i|iiai'li'.'-i at Kii.iy liii.
mil' lie .i]i|.iiiiili;| ,is lii.s iiiilli'ii i:il I lie Irniri' i.K t 'liaw
tiaii t.siii, ;{. iViTiiur lit Kii II in I'Imm wa.s (In- siivairi'
wliii rut (ill' till' liiui r liji-, III ilii< niiiiiiii Kiiiiiki'1.1 111
lilt 11:111. riii'sc rliii'l'taiii^ iii';,(iii tlii'li' rrii«ii|i' a;;aiii>t
tile liisiii'i i.iiiii^ls liv |iniliii'.; till' .ii«|ii'i'li il ainl tlir
Citlll|il'iimi'^'il III ili'alli, lli-^iiMil lit iii<|i|l\ all.|i'kil|i{ till
iirair;; 'Ills.
Siii'li a mill' lit |ipii'ri'iliii'_' Wiis lialuially tnlluwiii
liy iiii siili-iti'lnry ri"i|llt Clfii trii, allliiiii;;li ki |i( iii
till' li.iik^r iiiiiJ, iv.is iiui',;i'i| wiili llic r.ii'an rnluiiit i|
iiii|ii'n.il I'.ilii'-i aii'l liis |iiilrail was ili^M'iiiiii.ilcij
tlii'<iii,'liiiiil ill- |ii'.i\ iiii'i'v ii<i ilmilit willi a \ ii-w lit
|iri'|iii'iiii; tin- iiiiinU nt llii' |irii|ili> In llie ri'\i\i':|
I'listiiiiii' lit tin- aii'i'slral kiiiii-i I'ln' riiijii inr liriami'
t'Xi'fiililiiily i'\.is|iiM' ili'il at 'ill ;{' iHiii-iiiiis wliiili ll.i-
isisiiii'i'rtinii as assiiniii',' a, In' ili"-|i iiilii'il ii>
|irillll' lllllli^t l', S:ti I'll |||i» ||;l, .1 i'illll|i,'lllll'd liy l«.i
iitlirr .M III! till 'I'ai't IIS, I','. Iiiii'^ ..inl I'a -iiiil; lia ll,i'
latti-r slaiiiii I wnlilln' ■laiii.'lili'i' ntlln' >lii|i\\ iiikiil "t
till- X.i-I,., I,IJ, , 111 Kii. IV Ml.
il wa-. at till-. liiUi' llia^ tin' ii'|iiil't IniiiiH' I'liriilit
that lint iillly VV.LS Tii-ll lill .t i|">irl|i|.llll nt tiir kiiii;s.
Iml iliil III' rtMs als I a ( 'lii'istiiiii, mill llial I Millirrw
iiliijs all I iIi'nI I'.iyi' I |i.i^iiila> w Ih'Ii'MI- Iii' iih I liiiiii
"11 his iLlssii^- t )|iiiiii.||s air ijuiili'il as In \\ In.
I'nillrili Iti'ij lllnsl I iw.irijs liii^i'lllilialllli,; llli^ I'llllinM'
till- lll»IM':{ -Ills, wlin Wislllil In 1 rill. ill' till- Kllln
|M>aiis. Ill' tin- iiii|ii-i-i.ilisls, w ill! wi'i'i' ili'sii'niiM nt iiiiiiriiii,;
till' ill^ll ','l-|ll-> III till' il|lllllllllS lit till |»'njlli-. Tin-
[il-n^l-.'-s :i( till- iii.iil'i-i-r'.iiiii, ill' iillii^y Is il wa«,
was :,' 111- S.UII1' liiiii' \\i\ wiiliniii iis I'al.il t-llis-is
nil till' rniiiilrU'S III wiiuli war w.ih waiiril. 'Ihi-
'I'.ii-l ir -,'i'iii-i'.il. Iliilaiitai. ili s|iili'iiril trmii I 'aiilmi
tn i-nlltl'illl till' rr'n'ls, was snli l\ \\n|s|i'i| Iji'iir j ,' i M |
Sill liiiiiii'lt llii'ii I'lili'l'i'il li|inii 1 ralii|i.il;;ii, alili' I ami
alii'tli'il 11. Sam k\\\, the jii-i-|irt >•( sliaiii.'liai, Imt
omlil •'Ili'-'. iiniliiiivj riilirr willi ;^iiil nr Willi niiis -n
111' i-i.'ii- ii;i'.l liiiiis.-lt Willi M mliii^ iiiillr;!i'-i.l a|ii» li.i.
jihil \ ii-l'i'ii-s til till' ,'^llll ><( IJi'aNi'li.
Ill ■lii.v, I '"^-M , all alli'iii|it V as mali- u|i'ai lli.' liti-
nt till- <-iii|i -rnr. ami, in i-niisiijiniii i-, i i^liti-i-ii yr.iiiil
III iinl inns aii'l i\i'iy iiii-niln-i- '<{ llirir lainiliis win-
|iia I iili'itli, ttii till' L'lilli lit Si-|ili'iiilii-|- III (III' K^iiui-
Vi-il', till' i-i'lii-is iililaiiiril II yii-al vii-tniy at ^ nin; yaii,
iiiii| many iiii|ini-iaiii t-ilii'- ti-ll in i'nii.«''|i|i-iii " iiitn
tln-ir liiiiils. ity I |ji> I'lnl >\\' I >'■ I . tlnii I i'liiiii|ilis
Wi'ii- s.i ii'i ml-niiN tliiil till' (ia/.illi lit I'lkiii ri-a.>"-il In
ri'lji-li T llii' xirlnii s nlil.iiiiiij liy llii' I'aitais. ih ni'ijcr
In r.i-.iil llii- nh inla'.'i- nl.tiiin'il \t\ llir ( 'Iiiih-h'
All till' tnillli.ij I 1 MIS tlllnll^linlll ll|l- l'lll|iiri' Will'
pill ill ,'i stall' III il'li'iHi-. ami t'i|in;{i'ii|iliii' iiliii- '.iii'
|ii|lilislii'i| III tin- |ii-n:,'i'i'^s nt till' infill 11 i-t lull, ami nl
liiwiis all'l ilislni-|s lli.ii hail lii't-li siiri-i's.sivi'ly n, ■ n
[ilisl It i. sl.iliil, tliil till' I'liilirsi', lit tin- nll.s.-t,
.-|iii'i-'l I'll' iiili.iliit'iiil ~, mill iilliiMiij ihnsfwhii I'liiiM'
tni|i'|iiii with llii-ir uiinils, w !,i II ilii-\ liM.k |»is-i ssmn
litany lirw nty. Iiill lliiil, wIh'Ii iIm' ju-ari-lill lin-lrliaiils
all'l tiaJrsj'i'iipl' tnnk ailvaM.'^!' n| lliis i liiin iny, llii-
Tart'ir tiiMi|i- iiiiitnriiily il('s|in|ialfil lln'iii, ami, if tlioy
att<'iii|it(-i| tn lirti'lul tln-iiisi'lvi-s, >li-w llii'iii witliiiiit
IlK'rry. •' Ynll iir. , ' i'M'lailiii-i| tin- iili'i^'liaiit ritizrlis
tn the Iiii|ii'nalint.s, "a.s inii-i' lii'liiii llir n-li-ls, ami
ti);i-rs III ujt.
Ill till' im-aiitiiiii' Sill hail olli'i'i'il i-l',-|ily thiiiisainl
t n-is till- till' hiail nt I'ii-li till, ami that nt his rniiii-
i-illnr, that is tn niv, imli\ nlii illy, twinly thnii.saiiil
tails h-.^s than .III' |'i-Im-|s Ii.hI nlli'inl tm- his nwii
(-niiiiiiiii i'liit. till hi-.nls ,'iimiii^'. hr invriili'il. in
ni'ili r |.i ;:i't liark In Caiitnii, tin- .ilininiiialilr tal.M-ln ml,
ami wliirli was |iiilill^lii-i| in lln- I'rklli <ia/.rlli', that
tin- rnlt.iijiii-i- it M.ir.in Will' alinlll tn iiiviilc llii)
(.■<-li->tial Kiii|iili-'
riio n-lii-|s - ami il is iii im|ini-liiiit jmi'it (n iintii-i'
as 11 lc'<Mi|i fur till- viiiilai.i'i- nt ri\ili-i-il iiatinim - iliil
lint i-art" tn pn.-ii\<- lln- plmi-.s Ahiiii lln-y i-apluicil.
I; ;i;i|«ai-^ that lln-y iliMi'ijiiiili il llir I'"iiiih, n|- lirst cla.s.i
iitii^. .iiiil Nan- .mil CImhs. nr rilirs nt llir m I'liiiil ami
iliinl il.iv., with sniiii' tt'w t'.xt'rptiniis, alikr; tinir
nliji t t wa.- tn |Ki— ,<'>> ilii'iiiMi l\i s nt Nankin, tin- amiriit
rapilal nt tin- Aliiii; il\ iia.-ty. ami atli-r Iriyiii;; tin-
lla-alis 111 :i-vs;in tor p'l\ lli;; thril' Uniips, I In \ rsarllalril
i-ai'li tiiwic ill it.- turn. Iiiil in ii rniintrx sn pi-riilinrly
I i'iilrali-<'i| .IS <'Vrr\ tliitin i.s in t'liina. .sn Imi^' a.s i'rkiii
niiiaili^ III tin- halnls n! ihi- .Malilrlins, thi-y will pii'
-iivi- llii- t-liipin 111 ihr ( 'rlillal l.aml. Sn alun is it
thi'i'i'. aiiil thill ly.lhal li.itlnlif<, lialllnl, Irailnimi.-ly
asxiiiltinl. ami siili|r<-lt'ii In all kiinls ami ilrsi-riplnnis
nl ili'lia.siii^ imli^'iiitir> at tin- li.iml' nl a si-t n| iiii.-i i.ilih'
iii.imlariiis. imisl seek I'-r s ti-lailii'ii.
'riii- Mitnrv was tnllmMil \\ tin- .sill'ji'i-tinll of
lill iliii III, ill tin- p|ii\iiiii' nt ('.iitiM. Knrnpriimi
li.nl lliii-ii liclli-r np|»irtiiiiit\ nt III! nmiii;; ari|iiiiiiilri!
Willi ihi' t.^)i lii-s III lill' rlillii'M', ai il tlii'\ a:ri Vl..iiiril
tli.it lill y aih aiii I'll In tin- a.-.si'lll in liilli Irlit IhiiIiis
ii'.i nil liv imii'i't'inlflit rliirti-. lail a',1 artii:^' in niii'
i-.iu-i (hat nt till' iiM-rllil'nw nt tin- 'I'ail.ir ilyiia.sly.
.\ mw nialilli'rln v as ai-ii piililishril I'V llii' (Millirsi- at
this <|»K'li, whii II spnki-, lik all tnriin i mirs, nl a ilis-
linliil'.i iiii lit nt till' cliipil)'. V lii-li iiiHi' lln-y ;;nl tn
riklll. It ua- salll. till' hlllll Unllhl III' llivilli'll alllnlljr.st
lill' ililliniit 1 hirltaiii.-. 'I'his ina\ m may i.nl lii' a
ili-ri ptmi. nil ill.' pari nl'ii'ii-nl liinii- Ir.iilirs In prnclll'ii
.iilhi n ■••-. iiiit it IK iiiti-ii stiii^' In know thiit any ill'-
li.isi imiii >'i ifii- ini|i-rial |i<iwir hy livilisnl natiniiM
liii\ p..t,s|I.K Ii'.m! In till ilislin-liilicinn-lit nttlils vast
ai.':;|i.iiii-ritinii nl |ii'-ipli' with ililli nut hiiliii.s. iiiaiiiirrs,
ami lii'lili^s. At lln- h'.Kl. a inliirili-ralinli nt li-iiilill
s'i\i'ii'ii;iis wniijif vi-siilt tmiii till- i'laiixniiil inii nf \\
ln-W -tall I I tlllllL'>' I hi- ililhlilll sni'ii'lil s. sn pnWl'l'-
lill III t'liiiia. alri-ail\ iiinli i -lalnl tins |H'rlrill\, ami
,ili- pi('p>ri"l t'l art III Niirli ii si-iisr wlnll the tlllir pin
pitimi- ti.r -mil a ih.iiip' -hall arUM'. In llir f-aini'
iii.iiiili-sin till lii-rri'is nt lli-airii an- spnki ii nt. ■ I In-y
liavi |ir i-tiati il iIh-iiim-Im's," iIh'X ,:iiiiiiiiii.'i'. " I.i turii
till' Mlpri-im I" iiii;. allrr havili;:; nari.-il In wnrnhip
IIimI. 'I
Till' Tarliir jH'iH-ri!. Hu Ian tai. ilrlrriiiiinil iipmi
axi'iij^iii;; till- ilissisli rs nl whii h llir pi'ii\ inn' ni I'lii;;
In li.'iil Int-ii thr llii-atri'. niari'ln'il aj^ailisl iln- i'i'l'i'l.s itt
' S'llis. .|U(-n1 pf.« 1.IIII il i>>ii«, ih'iri- I -Ih i-iiiM_\ mil' iHsli.'ii \'\ ^ iiii^f,
Kii'u' 'I till- I u-1, .111.1 ^l.lll. --r .*.! II. Ilk', KiHi;'i' lln' Wr-t, luui'
mil "nil ali.iii.l 1.1 ll.i- J'li; nilii' I i. mil' llrUMIllv Kut'nr. wlin
iriiit.-l 111. Immmii hlllll .sirlli. uml nil lliil lliiriiii i- in i ilins,
laii.! I., ill. I lill li-^imii.'iil. Iiiil ill' 1 111 lill' i mil .li-us, lln- Muniir
I'l' ill- M.irl.l. .''I" » .« .limrpiMtl.sl ili I ttl- rnlintry nl' ,|i|lll':l, lllllt
-iitl'ii >"i 111. r..|. ii'i'lHiii lit inii'ikii.'l
CHINA, CO<?HIN CH!NA. AND JAPAN. ^|||
til!' lii'inl i>l' nil iiriiiv III" tliirtrfii tliimsiiinl inrii. Tim or I'riitfstiuit.i, itinl iiiorf csiKMiiilly tlii> sccrt't sMicietv
!nrroK iiict nil llic li:iiiks lit' llii- K"ii\ kiiui;; I. as
ll<lliil, till' llii|i-ii.ili>l- were ilrt'i'iili il, «itli tin- liis.s nt
li;ill liicir iiMiilu-r liy cli's.ili.ni iiii 1 Wniiiiil-.-. 'I'ln ii'
ii|iiiu Sill |iii11.m| Ills ■,'iTy Mi"ii>l:i. 'ill's witli vcNatlnii,
foiiiHJi'i! Iiv (iiit/.liitr, ami ki
till! " (;hi
.1 liil
ijnlll'. Ill' .si'lll oli'
OHM tlil'rlll S .'llt.li III
u|H>ii u .Mit.ililf |>l.iii til l'i'|>aii'
till
'11
MS i'iiii:ri
r
ft'itilr ami iiiLji'Miiiin 1)
twii Kwaii),'s. Ill' liaii not Imlil uC
ly was aiiiitliri' iiirM|iriiii; of tlii'
rain nf Sin, tl
•\ of tlu'
:i liillii'r II
Im'I
I'lUi'l.
ti'iir tliniisiml liiiilaloe!* uiili ri'siii-
>l to t
ii'ir liiiihs, aii'ciiii|ialili
til.
il
I'lii'l' tliuilsaml sililii'l's, villi wrri' to till-, tliiiii aiiiill,
till' ti.rrlii's lii\iiii; lii'i'ii ]iii'\ ionslv liylitiil, into tin-
iiisiirnriit raiii|i 'I'll.' ri'U'ls, w.iiiii'il nt' I ''is i'Ii-mt
hlialapiil, li'l llir liiltl.ilnrs p. i|Mirlly I'y. ami till
ii|>iiii till ir ;;iiai'l, ili'stmyiiij,' mu' liaH'ol' tlirir iihiiiImt.
Tliii iiiMiriirti..ii liail N|iri'ail liy tlii-i tiim' to llai iiaii,
that ureal imaiiilaiiioiH iiimI M't Icrlili' i-lml, wIiuho
ilioriyini's li.'iM' Ill-Mr ln'iii siilij
l.iri'li'il I.V till' ell
I (III
11' |I11SM'!>1I1|1
all
a rrrtaitl rxti'lit. loillili ilialamr tin
if wliii'li livtJri'at r.ritaiii wmiiil, to
osi'r l.iiilv iili-
tiiiiii'il liy FlMiiiT ill < 'aiiilK>iiia ami Corliili Cliiiia. It
a|i|Mars ilial. iis in tin- |iri'vini'i! nf K*aii'.' -li. tliij
native iiioiiiitaiiii'i'is al'itliil llu! iiisiii::inl < 'liiiie.-'i' in
tlicir iilii llinii, ami they m 1"
il tiielii-eh
if Kiiiii^' iliii fu, till' i.;i|iilal, ami of oilier eli'i f
IllttllS
To til,
•nil, iiie iiiMirn . 1 .. .1
al-ii siiieai
into
III,
if lliiiiaii ai'l llii ii.iv, uliii'li for
lil'exitv.s Mjiki'. iii.iV lie s|
ikril iimler llieir nllle
t'oliilnoti imiiie
it' llll kwaiii;. 'J'liey vMie liilly or
riitlier iiiiiiinlainniis ilisiriets, \»i;li a eiiiii|iaiai ivi'ly
•I.I
colli I'
lliir.ite Mini tlie
iiiliafit.'iKls siilisisi niainh
cnrii ami veifctnliles. The jiro^rr-'ss of tlie iiisniieiiioii
Nva.siiiil less rapiil ill these |iii>\ inees than in dn' two
Kwanus. Almost ail the chief cities, n^ well as the
Ni'coiiil class towiiM. fc I iiiio tlieir haliils wiihoiit
H'lireciy .sliikiii:,' i lilinv. Tlie |m'ii|i1i' iiihI tin irlcinlcrs
alike went over 1.1 ihc national cause True In ilieir
oiiijinal svsleiii. the iasiir;;eiils a|i|.iin.riatiil to ihciii
wives the
thev al
mliii.' t
rc'istircs alio
ttlIVS re-lH
(I'll
lm|i li il Inliiilc. Iiiit
mate |i|ii!i 'It v.
As to till
iinliiekv iiiaii'laniis, ihev h.ul no o;l>er ititi'Miati\c luit
to li:iii;; thi'iiiselves ill ih "| air. 'lien till reniiiiiiril ai!
this lime ill n ntioiii{ |ii.>ilioii m the iiioiinti'i.s of 'i'sc
illl;.', II it fir ll'iill
Thai
woiilciliilh lilt
i:,'elit Miel'iy, Sin, llmSif^'Ilt that he .'.oulil IliiW i'lUthi'l
ilil-l rale his career I'V enlciiie^ into liepitiatiolis w itii
tills niyslei Ions jici MHia
Tien I'll coliti'lltell llini'clf
ii|niii this occasion with ic-Mitin:; iiis (laiiii
Ihi
llir'Hie lis II ilescciiilaiit >1 the Miii,i;s, ami ilc, lar.il
that the time hail ckiii
■ IvtiantV ;jf tia' T-ii
'.vhcii the iisiir.iiii'.; Tartar
kIioiiIiI wilhilllW to thei.' iiWII
coiiiilry A fiiillicr atlii',i|il was
inaile i-hiilll\ all'
this tl
K
w.iv llll llVl^^saull. lii't llie in-.lil;.'i lils
rccoilcil lilt. Ill Ml siriiiii; a |'l ice well ili
I'll ml
il with
'I lie T.iii.r t'lncial. III! Ian t.ii. ImwiNcr,
l'i''i'i\ci| a Huiinil I'll till' kiice ii|iiiii this ona-n
Till
will -h wit.1 nnilcieil latal ''V naliniiil j.n )iiil'ce>
lINHJsl nice ol ,t siirycoll was -mejlit Inl' finiii ('aiilnli ;
liiil lis no straii;.'i'r wif^ uUmMil to |iciielrale inlo the
ii'drior. I In Ian tai haj to ;,'n to liiiii, ami he |iciish,il
on llie wav '
ainl li.nl sent him to I'ckili, ticketeil ;ls the Miilalile
Tli'l. eh.
Ill the meantime the iiisiirj;ents i'.\|icrieiici'il the
(ii>t reverses in the north. Atlackeil at 1,'liao-cliii fu.
they M'lc ih feateil with the loss of sonic tiuir hiimlreil
men. killeil. w'oiiiiileil, ami iirisoners. A few days
after ihey ex|>erieiii'eil iinolher ilefeat at Vaii;{eliii ti
mill I Ills was aeeoiii
aiiicil liv a .siul ilisiister to tlieir
fleet 111 junks, w liieli was [larlly consiinicil in an atteni|ir
Iiiailc to lire ihc Iniiieri.il licet. Thev took their n
veiiv'c at Kwav \ al
I-, wh
icli was carrieil hv assault, am
the w.ir, like all civil rtars, liaviii:; I
'ly |iroliiii','i'i| slrii^':,'liii;,', assi
icconie clivenolll
iiiieil now a iiinie i»i'ievous
as|.eci, (he |iiililic 11 iiMiniis were ilestroycil aid Imrnt,
the niaiiilarins were jiiit to ilealli. ami the iiih ihitaiiLs
wliii liail snleil wiih the liii|'eiialists liail to [.iii'ihase
tlieir live, .uiil |iri>|icrly hv heavy ln'Oiiniary sacrilices.
The f
llllllv III Hie .^ |i|>
I hi
most wcallhv in ill
1"
vince, was niiilcleil in the siiini of JIID.IIIIII tael.s.
Wealthy |iatr'.iirchal fiiiiilics of thi" 'lesi ri|>tioi» exist
in each ul the ei^ihteiii |i,o\im'cs of ilie ('elestial I'm-
|iirc. Tliiee or tiiiir u!eneritii:ns li\e limeiher. on the
KiHiH' prii|ii'rty, iiinli inne anecsior ; Imt all have ^Mine
|iiirsait, lor in l Inna. the i>|r|iii<itc lo i s. Mie niaii 'vlio
1,'ains his hrciiil liy imliislry |s inoie cstceineil ili iii he
whii livi-, iijHin his rcM'iiiii s
1 1' 'he iiiiiiith of Se|ilciiiliii', 1>>'iL'. Tien-tell esfa-
lili-hi 1 his licail n'lallcis .il II iiii^-i;;',i), a w.illcil cilv,
mhiiiralilv siinatcil, ainl not fir I'.om Kwav-iiii, the
hea.l
|Uaitcrs of the iiijj.nioiis .Sin
111 tl
time, in eoiisiiii.ince with tl
lilt
leal tlicorv iiilvo
le meaii
Iv
cateil liy llie emiioilinieni of 'c'lcsli.il virtue" of ji
fe'liiil i'in|iiic. till leinls of llll Hall |ii'oilainicil a new
KoMici'^'ii. witiioiii in any way iiitriiii,'inLi; the ri^jlits of
I" .icsicm
lain iif :lie .Mi
Till
lie <!i
il.le
folic 111 llie iiisiii;^i'lits, c^tiniateil it eii,'lily thoii.saiiil
;iieii. lic\l ciiiceiilratcil itself at K liilclill I'll, Icil on liy
ehiel> ci|iial in ihi'ir ri^,lits. |iie|iiil.i|ory to the tiescelit
of the Y.iii',' tsekiaiii,'. the most liisiistroils of all the
eaiii|ainiis iliirini; the insiirreetioii. Several liioit'
towns hill fiilcn intii the hainls of iho I 'hiiiese. At
one, I'ao ehii, the T.irtais hit u{iiiiil|ie hajijiy ex|ie-
iliciit 111 lurniii)^ the river iijion the enemy, Init it only
ilcslioviil the 1'al.s — the lirsl lime jiroliiilily that tin
race hail Keen cxlcriiiinatcil
Tartj
I'lic Kiiiiicror, hiimilialeil hv so niaii" ilisaslers, n
il his iilil ami f.iilhfiil conncilln
1 1 eliaii ainl
Ki in. 111 the niinislrv ; lliii'' '.^aii. aiinllier liberal, was
naiiicil jii'iii
11' minister, in the
ila
il Sai-chini;
nil olil l';. ml Sin was ,i|i|iiiint il t.i the ;;o\erii'iielit ol
the 11
Mils, ami t n jilaceil liim al < aiitoii ami in
the Iw 1 Kwaii|,fs. lint willi th.-sc chanijes n*' eoim
cillnis .liiaii fiilii,' liiil not change his pnlicr, Tl e Son
111 lleaccn never ilcviateil in Ins lii.>iility lo Kiiro|)iiiin
Imrliar'aUK; not even tie? sei mccj which ihev |iroll'erei|
A Ktnili;;!' ruinoiiralsii liecaiiie cnricnt in iIom niiy ' at >\t inoU trying inoineritB weiri i'a|i.i(ile of Koftenin
of lie.': at this linn It was neillnr imni- l.or less than ilowi, that inliiiiu of liaiicl whuli he has siiekeii
that Til n-ti h liel liccii niaile a |irisoncr, ami loiivcMil will his Tarlai niotlier's milk
111 Tekiii in I'll liiis Tint Ja/.cllc 111' I'ekinevcn announeeil I Th,- rehels fuleil in aiiallack ii|iiin ( 'li in.; ciia, thf
(he conleiiiiiilniii of the |ireteniler to ill at II. llisla»t i'a| it il nf llu inn, a lieaiitilal i ilv situaieil on the
ilytiin f| ill ami 11 /ili's^mn were also |iiililishc,| ,it I his of the SiaiiK, which Mows out ol a ureal like
lcni;lli in the sanic nllici.il sheet The chief olijci't nf iiiImiIic N'ain; Ise kiani,', ,iml hick i| liv w leil nioiiii
tills llolal'le |ii|li ii'iitloll was to iin|ilicate tin- ( 'liaiiii; tl, laiiis. TIiks city i.s I'elehr.iteil Im an anniial 'i 'itt,i, iu
,ff"
1' : ;
ii
]
■1 .
■ ;i
1 j
(1 '
!' ■ 1 ■
■ 1
. 1
'
lii
128
mm
aUi ROUND THE WuKLU.
1 ; ;!i!ii'i'!ii'iM!i
CHINESE OPIUI SMIKtRS.
wliii'li l)0,it«, rt'|>ivsi'iitiii;j nil tin- rnilnstii- :iiiiiii:ils tlji'V weri" mciili rati' in llitii- ili'iiiiiinl.i, Mii'V <i>iitciitc<I
ciTntiMl liy tllH iiiianiii.iNiiH iif tlic iliiMicii of the lln'liix'lvis willi ilcrlniiun tli i1 I Ima liail linij lliciusaiMl
• Vloiial Kiii|iiii', i-iiiitu-it for |iri/.rs. Tiny W'.n iiinri' iiicii on ('unl ; wImm iIu'v ««if cMiaNiifiaiit tlic\ In'M.-.tnl
Hili'Ci'snrul. It'll MM liy iiiu- 111' tln'ir lllost ili>tiii;,'iii.-.lu'i| ii|' cut! Ilim lli'il iIumh.iihI li'MniMi s 'I'lu' Snii I'l lli'aM'll
riiicfs, 'l'ai-|ii'iii{-wan^, at Yl rim, wIutc they ulit liiii'il is lla- imi'-t iiii|iii'liiiil_v inlilicil man iii iiis tinjiivr.
j;ieai Ixioty, an<l Iwi' Ininilrcil jnnks, witli wlncli llicy His ininistrrs i-uli liiin, tlic ynvi'iiiois rnli tlic niinis'r"
were I iiaMcil to n.iviijali' tin' nvT as liir as Vaiii,' ilni- lln' |>ic ficls mli tlic j;"^' incirs. anil mi mi ilnwn tii (I •
fll. It is tci bu oliMIVril liric that tlic viiir>iy iil'liic siilllhili. Il is iiiii' Uliixcrsal, i>l j^atiiMil system nl
wc'sti'iiy iiml nioMiil linmis |ii-. n iiic nl' Kwayclin had ' plnii'lii . T nhr Mirli a |iii'%suii'. Ilir laii|irii.r issiii il
nlways cxi'Usril li nix'll Ii'Mii >i'iiiliii;.' aiil to llif Ini an cilirt ralriilati'il In ilcliasc a lialinn nnui' than any
jifiial cause iin the jijca that tiic |iriiviiicc was ia\ i){ci|
liy I'clicls. The lilt a|i|ieais in Ih' that these iiikiiIi-
tainceis, alrtavs vas>als ninn than Mihicit^ have
raii;lv, if ever,
heell Wl
II atVi etiil touiii'ils ihe Manli hil
that, |icrhii|)s. was e\er lictiifc i.sMicil li\ tciicslrial
ni'iiialch It is ilii|iiis>ili|e to ui\e it at h l:i,'l h. alheil of
rare iiilci'ot ; slllllec il, that it o|ielily |jclliilts the sale iif
ilvnxslv.
lie liillv re;';i
n urciianj; tntis.', inhalnieil \ig ! \- 'nell
places anil ilif{iiitics, even lit' jiidycs, iinil anihnri-i's
iiMi, vice, iiiiil even cnini
ti> III
ic inilciiiiiilic
R iH'accalile, iniliist nulls,
mil Wclhatrceteil clas> nl : lie
I'
'<i|i|e -the liirlli|ila.e nf t'linl'ii
-also I lei la I'd I
The i'cIh'Is ciintinilcil, in the incantiiiic.
the (Ic
l.\
lit
faviinr of the insnireetinn. anil slew their jjiAcniur. | nf iIm' Yali^; tse kian({. ami nKlaiiieil |iii»KCf
riiu ilescemlaiits ot ihe iihiliisiiiihcr ilwcll in tl>
111
tint,
hall;,' In. the cii|i|lal
>f tl
IC iirnviiice o:
f III
i"'y.
anil imaiU'i' nini'c I iin a tliniisHiil
liM'il there i'e-.|B'cteil i
linw twelil V cent lines.
A
iiiniiieii liy all jiai
leri' arc the liesecn
linl . nt
thegi-eat |ihiliMn|.hirs, ucimIi^i s, anil uf the i,i|iil,ii l..|'-
of liii,i\!iiiil V in Kun
'I"
All these inci'casii
n:; evils «ciii i,iii'iilc|i
tcil 1 1
<h't
(Iclli lency III
the i'iiii<U, ulieh Ix^an tn a.vMimc ai.'
H»;k-'i ' ii« alai'niin;' us thai nf the ili.'.uileetinli 'ihe
ivenioi's 111 |iiii\iiii
:nul<l
give IKj arinlll,: ii
f tl
liiDIlicH eiitl'islcil III them All (hey ke|il i-Hni; |n|- w
iut>re iiinnc^' III unlt'i to bt-alili' t-Jiarryon thcwui. VS h'
iml cniitaininir at that time snine luiir liiiinlreil tJinii-
~an<l iiilialiilalit.s. They alsn micccciIciI in nlitniniii;;
liii.ves.siiiii nf nut' nf Ihe liinsl rcniill
(,'liiiia. till' iil't ilcsci'ili'il ll.ii
ClIIC.'
kah
Unci
llsti II ts III
lanj;.
Ilai
v.'iiiL', <m • Ihm elm, sitnatcil at the jini'timi nl the
livci' Han Willi the Yiiliu Ise kiaii>; ; llic lii-sl mi ihn
iu'lK hunk nt the II
an . the secnlel nil I he lilt, all
I the
tliii'i' nil tl |i{in.Nit,' hank nf the ^ aii^ t^c kiaii|{, anil
■;iit less ei leliralcl I'm lie if |in|iiilal iili, wcillli, ill-
iliistiial ninvciiicni, anil iiiynaii- nl Junk than Inr
|)lctuic.>i|iic ileUill nf thu |iai Is aiii.' the ^eli 'nil
./^
till
111'.
IMV
n.i'l
lit
if
'iiy.
ull-
illg
ill
Mil-
iIki
h.i
lilt!
Nil
iii-
l.ir
rul
CHINA, COCUliJ CHINA, AND JAPAN.
m
ni.i^jiiifiponcn of tlio wlinlo. Since th<» |MTiocl now in ' kiinin is fnrmwcd liy tx tiinuHiiiiil i':in:il.-i full of (!»)), and
M"
iit'Htiiin, our (inti-riirisin;; wiir Mtt-imK-rs li.ivi' iiiiulr f linnl witli lianilioos Mini wil
I'Ik
III ir way ii|> to tiim ;^riMt coiiiiiiim'imhI oi'iit
if I 'liiiiii,
ami, alas : foumi it luullv ftll
llf III |'\ITV I'l
fl'cilii wliit lia<l licrii (li'|iii'tri| liy ilill'l-i'iit tl'aM'llci'S
|iri'vioiis to tliu ravajfi'h <
i.f ll
il.s most ln;'litliil ri\i
Thi> fact of till' fall of tlio Tlin-i' Citi.'S „( llii |m'1i
rorlilii'il liv iiiiin'rial iirurlainali
ri'inl with it alarii
tliroii:{lioiit till- wlii)l<' ciiiinii'. Not a town Imt tii ich
ItH Ifvirs, ami |in'|iai'
tary I't'HtMirrnH iHissrssc
fu-
rl
I'' |i:iiirity ill mil
'I liy ('liiiia mav lie jml;,'i'i| cif
wlii-ii il is known ilia). Sliiin^'liai, with a lai<{i' lloatint;
in till' I'i'al, ami not tlu: rt
|Hi|iiilation (11 Mti
wnsi! llf tliu uiii'il), ami a ri'siilciit |io|iiilatloii of oni!
liiMiilri'il tlioiisaiid iiiliaMt lilts, could only fiiinisli a
('oiitiMi;i'nt of a liiiiidrrd i'i';{iilai-s, and ()i<! samiMiiimlici'
|io|iulai'i', i-s|iiviiillv
I ■
of viiluntt'urs.
'I'l
llv tli<
|Hii'lion, ait i'X|nTirn(e h is since shown, ii'siTVi'il tlii'in
II iritimi'
1 th.
wives fur notion when ihefi
liiiid
ro gruater ehanoes of
IT.
When the (/'liinese |iiity had illlis ohiaiiied posses-
if th
le riehe.,t iiimviih f the
Liaii'.; nan
Mil
id Kiaii^'-si, tie ir lenliT*, a-.siiiiied a reil im|ioilanee,
and iiii)i-e eiirreil iif niii iliuii w.us olitiined ius to tleir
individiiility. 'I'ai [lih,' wan, we use only his assn d
'til
e j{riMt |ii ilieitiir, was the •oinni iieler in
eliief, and he had wiili him tour kin;;*, h s eoll
iiii;{'Wan^, kinu
.f ll
le e.ist,
little
e so ire man.
ihirlV'ti
11
\e years
if avc, ail I |iilti!d with
i| the west, y Hill'.;, .letive, an I lirav
iigiies :
.ill lilt
sni ill-|iox ;
I I.I
'.1
le plains
lietv
with vi'llow eoliiiii. lice, fruit, itiid
ve^'etahles that yield two erops in the year. Seiirlet
and mother of peaii phiMsiints enliven ihe seeiie. This
province alone siijiports lhirty-ei);lil niillions of in-
haliitants, ten times as miiiy
till
IVIi
Mini, and inurii
lan all !■' ranee put to;;ether.
Whilst the army of tln' live kinu's «as |;nt)iL'red
I till
Id
lllo
allium
it were, llf an I'Xtinct dvnasi
niimeiit of the ( '
tv till
llltiys
the axi.s, tm
iiiMuii nine-
sturied |ia;{oda — the Knipernr was rii>inL; hix wife liy
procUmalion in the Mu siii/MUi the • llicial giiM'tti^
of I'ekiii. and the .\l''nUiiif of the eij,diti en province.s,
and of three liiindr'd and sixty inilliotiit of |K>o])Ie —
to the rank of Kin|ires.s ii.s.s<Hiate. Sin was
■1,
and the aid of ships piircha.si'd from the An^lo-
.Vmeriein.s, an I of rusty jjnns lMiu;;lit from the
r
till
irlil'Olese 11
I .M
leao. V as .siiii;;lit fa'.
in vain
de
llf tl
ll
id
calillal III the Cliii
It all
i^s imtiirallv
aimed the revival of the
dynasty, and the n- esl.ilili.-liiiiiiil of their i-ity as the
iiise Willi
capiiil llf the einpiie. Nankin
the in-iiiri^cnts, who have
hi
1 iipilulat4'd t<
It mill the niiiutliH of
the V,
tse ki
Tl
Chiiie.si! parly
may lie liarliai'ialis : in that liny only iinililte their
rivaU, the .Manlehus. 'liny may have destroyed citien
and massaered the inliahitalits. where tlay liit't wilh
>li
ii|ipiisitiiin ;
th.
lev nia\ liave suae lieeii
heati
liy the M.intelni Tartars, w hen they crushed the lloiinn-
lii, nr Yellow l{iver, on theii wi y to J'ekin ; they may
the .\ehilles nf this pleiad of kiii;;s. lull siiii;e de id ; hive m iiiife^terl ii hostile liemii ^ In KiirupealiN owiii}'
>l III
le siiulli. a man of letters ; and ! p.irlly to the iiiisripieMiitii
.1 ll
leir coiinli \ men,
I'ay »ain(, kiin{ of the iiui-lh, youii'.;, iiid of i^reat and pully to the attitude ai-Mlinil hy the Kiiro|ieaiis
Htrcii^lli and lnll'e|
tloli
.^U'll were llli
dllv— the le
rl's wl
it the inslll'I'i
llienisi Ivi
th
ii>e ir iiv now
acted II, nil
ey may Imv
III lilt I
Sir tJeorj
am s miKKinii mi
irvilv, I.I ll till ir I liief miiv, ii
in ciilieci'l, and they wiie aided ,uid .ilicllel liy .i ^fi'c.it Oriental ext l'ava;;alii e. havi f:i lie n> hll as to ilesi^niite
liiimlier of infi'iiia' olliiers
wii iii'iii .lers are al-io himself
Ihotli
er llf tliir Sav il nr.
It
Kast
elii
dcserviiii; llf iiieiiliuii, as they m ly pl.iy m imp at. ml e\|ires^iiiii, as they .-ay Sun
(
i'ul lhe> ]ia\(
part shiiiild I he I 'liineie pirly lie si ■■-•I'lil, and cirry xmie redeeiiiiii^ |siinls iiliiail ilnin. llity have nvcr-
the da
'liiist the .M iiilclm r.irlars. One is a little
iliniwn
ido'.alrv. they niii\e tin W'l.id of (iod with
Hharp, clever persuiia^e, l''uii;{ y cliaiij;. liy naiiie ; the the jjrcatcsl deleiem
they call im
other ii« a thill, iiu;lv, and liony, hut a liii;lily ediicited hrothers, and tlioy are iii^a;:eil in prinliii^ the JSilile
man, and the aiillinr. it is sippose
I, llf most of the ' to a very larije extent.
'11
lele laliiMil
a oticstloii.
pi'iiclamatioiis isniii'd liv the iii^ui';{ciils . this i.s the i then, Imt that, with all tlieir faiillH, they pieMiit the
iM'I'si.n who IS ll •lievc
d to hi
llii
if llh
Ifi
, (Ml,
I
I'rotesi.inl. I hesi niatuiial with which to work oi.t tin
lej;enelati(in
I 'liinese I moil, il not all actual
disciple III I iiit/l.ill s
II
11
is n.iiue IS I. 'hi la
.11.
of Cliimi. If. alter the lapse of Ml iiiiiny Miirs, liny
havu lieeii linalile to expel the I'liijniii),' ilyna.sty,
Alter they iililaiiied pos.>es>ion of liie tnpl" city nf still they hold | k i.sseshie.n ot lln i ii hcst and must
II |iili, the rehels iiiiiiied the liesieut of the Sale,' Wealthy and central p|iivinie> uf the Klnwiry Linil.
tse kiaii<4..uid occupied siiccc.s.sivi'lv Koi ki 111;,', < i. Ill km, i I If the Iniir liiosi impoitant and einlial miirtx of
iiid Mil hll. ( lilt. lining pussi's.i.in. at llii' same tune, | China, ( Ini sin. on the \ clluw Hiver, Ku .-haii. llaii-
cliii. and Kin^ Ise chill, three are on the vit.st and
piipilliius plain III the V.'IIil; t.s<' kiiim,;. iiiiil in the liaiidx
of all the junks and ineichjiiils yes.sels lliit Were mi
tl
le river, the livi
kiii;;^
de ll
'I'l"
I'llll'l
Nankin, with a firmid tide licet and an aiiiiv of lilt\
llf the Chinese party
In till
III 1 1
thiiUHind men N.inkiu, with it^ live hundred tlmu < Manteliiis, there only remain a few sliiiii^diohls, thti
>;iiid inhaliit nils, had Ims'ii the capital nf the enipiie |K>rlM maintaineil liv Knropeaii forces, nml the iioitheily
under the Ming or Chinese dyniusly What ri'inains proviiiceH of I't elieli, or I'liy ehi-li, Clian-si. uud
III the present day of this niice yreat city, iH'cupies,
like the cxistiii)^ t'r.k;;iueiits nf lli^d.id — tlm eilv of
Kliiilifs
■Illy a siiial
(lent of III'
circuit III the
(Jill
walU, rthieli eiilliriced .in area three liine.H the extent i
VIII TiiK <.!:r\T uivKita of china.
jf I'aris. The I iml
rly St I
is nnw iiiltivaled where thcii
III
TlIK
vast
ipi
if China is divided into thret
were firmerly strei'ts, and the yra-ss grow-, nil the ipi,i\-i v.dhys, liy three jjreat rivefsi : the I'earl lliver. at tlm
I In lie in It liiiiie low. Vot j s<'a hoard nf which lies Caiilnii and llong ; the Yang
thi
llllkH IISi'l
liiii; can exceeil the leiiiliiy of the pmvince of j Izi- hi iiig. nr " Smi nf the Oc
it the
Ith III
III. It kurpiuMi'K alike h'l.imlern. I'l li;iiim. and which lie Chiisan and Sh.inuhai ; and the Yelhiw
l/oiniinri|y. 'I'he fertilw alluriuui of the Yang lav i liiver, uii the other sidu of wliioll lieit I'vkin
It
l!ij
!;l! I !
isa
KIX BOUND THI WORTJ).
jji ii;,'ri|iliiriilly liomiilril mi llio smith iiihI cii.st liy tlio
rai'illi' I li mil. oil till' iim I li liy tlic N' ii i luiiii iit' iiimili
t.llllS, Mini till' (il'IMt I'lXIt lit" (Jlllli. or till' "Sell of
SmikI ;" t'l till' »i'st liv till' iiiiiiiiit liiis III' 'I'liilii't ; ami
to 1 111' MMiili wr>l liv till' ]f>n I'li'XMti'il iilii;r.'< tliiit
ruu on till' Aiiii'iii'iiii rivi'i-N — vrtwolx driwini; from
tliii'li'i'ii iiii lirs til llii'i'i' li'i'i lit watiT — It uiMilil iiM'Vi
talily;;i\(' an fiinniimis iiii|irtiis to tlic tratlir i>l tliat
({li'iit ri\i'|-.
A* \vi' asci'iul till' Yaii',' t.-i' kiaiii,', tin- 1 il irs an' ('•iiihI
I'Xii'iiil jilmi,' till' limits uf tlio liiiniii'M) t'lii|iil'0 ami to lir saili\ ilrM'lalril l>y |iriil<ili'.4ril civil \mi|'. Ilali-kcw.
Tmii|iiiii. m° Man rliii, i.s tlu' iiin^l n'liii'.il >\><'i in tlir ■ ni|>it'(',
Till' |HiiiiMiiiit till' t.'liiiu'Si' i'iii|iiri! at till- in'i'sriit tVmn wlii'iu'o I'uri'inn traiUt nii:;lit faili ilr. Tlie / "Ci. i;.i,
iiimin'iit is truly ili'|iliiral>lr. It i.s |iri'.s>t'i| ii|ioii, mi I 'aptaiii Slnranl ( (slimii, (li.i« ii'j{ M.xli'rn li'i t of water,
till' I'liast line, liy l''r.ili<'i- ainl Kiii;lanil ; 'Hi tin- -.iile ul' leaclieil tins ^leal ami iiii|i"ri,ii.t tential marl. 'Ilii'
its ii'irtiii'rii tVmit el', liy till' Itii^siaiis : an I, ii|>na the river is navi;;al<lii mm li tiiitlier ii|i, iiinl liexmiil iiru
smitli anil in tlie centi'i', liy its omii | jile, wini i aravan rniites to Nepal iiml linlia- tlie iiiirieiit i nin
H'i'iii I'l's'ilveil til cxtiri'ati' till' Tartar ^nvii'iiiiii'iit. iiiereial line lielweeii tlie exlreme ni.^l iiinl llie iinlial
It nill lie .veil tliat t'nr the |iiir|iiiM'S iif l'!ill'n|ii'all , east — liet'iii'e >lii|is went tii lliilia l>y the ('ii|ii' nt (luiiil
tr.ule. the rixer en i niuiiie it imi nt ( 'liiiia is mie nl' the ' I(ii|h'. If tiio S'.iii^ Im- kiaii;; is not the lmij;i>t riM-r
llttili'sl iiii|M>rt:ilii'i', ami In t his jHiint we liiii>t ill'aw our ill the Wurlil, lieili;{ tlini' thiaisaliil Iniles, it it dies lint
reailers' at lent lull. (Iltln'lhi ),'ri.it l'i\ <'r> I '.iliinn ilr.iin sn lar;,'e all ana e\eii as the Aliiiir- IM'i.MMI
has alreaiK iiiaile iis ai'i|ii.iiiili i| willi tlio i'e.irl llie tn I |.'i,llllll Hi|ilar(! liille^ -it is iini\ei>all\ ailmilliil
Vellnw Kivir. trmn the shilliii; nt' Us w itei-s ivsliirli. to lie one iil' the must ini|inrtalit, haNiii^ ...n
of late, lia\e ile>lrnyril the ( tiiiiil ( 'anal i, is of niiiini' iii.iny |iii|iiilmis eities eiinlailiiii!{ mie hliinlnil millii'iis
iin|Kirlaiii'e as a nie.ins of eniiiiiiiiniiatinii I'rniii (he si'.i of |ii'n|i|i' on its hanks, aiwl tr.iMrsin;; as it ilm > the
ImiiiiiI, lint the \:t\i\i t.se kiaiii; stanils iinrixalliil liy I eeiitre of mie nf the riiliest ami most piniliiiliM'
any ntlier ri\i'r in the wmhl, as rei^.-irils its |in|iiil,ition. , eoiliitries in the worhl. ill.' traile ot Mian^liai in
its we.ilth. ami the eiinrnimis trallii' that tikes |ilaei' oil I ex|Hirts alone is imw almllt .1! I I'.IMMI.dlill hti rhiij; |ier
its w. Iters. There is a ijreati'r traileearrieil on lii't rteeii annum, |i liil t'nr liy .Manehesler iiinl l.eiils j;ni-is, Im/
the eii;liii'i'ii |irovinei's of China thin lietweiii all siiverviii'l o|iiiiiii. To w hat I'.Mint thin traile iiii^hl lif
Kliropl' aii'l the rest of the wmlil If we wi^h to lia\e e.xtemleil in the \alley nf the N iili),' ti-e kiiili^; it Wniilil
a share in that tra'le, we iiiii'-l no ii|i to Man eliii.' ; he futile to s|iei'iil.ite ii|imi, hut it n|iens ]>rns|i('i t.s e\en
where we sli.ill Iiml a new m.irkel fur mir niaiiii fir Im'MuiiI that, iiinl »liiili e.^liial tn the \ii\ heaii
faitiires, ami means of ili-iiihiiiin;; them in the of Tliihet.
interior aiiioni; millions who li.ive never lie.inl nf | As ymi |irneei'ii ii|i the river, it will he fmiml that
tlii'in. No real |>i'o^'ri'ss will he iiiaile till We have the |io|iiil,iiioii is lint >n mnrli enlleetiil inin lai^e
;,'iim'i| tlie-e l«ii points flee aeee>s tn the tea ami xilhejes as in the south. I'llt Tattereil o\er the
silk ili'-trii'ts anil tlin eeiilril ni.irls tiiere, ami the I'liinliy in firms ami liamlels, im|iaiiiii){ tntlienthir-
rii;lit to na\ii;ati' the Vaie^'-lse kiaii;;, aiel to enier the w i.stt unintere-tini; Memry that air nl ilnliiesliet I'liiloi t
u'leat lilies mi its hiiik-< aiel th nl' its tliluit. tries, i ami eiv ili/ ii ion wliieli is inoie |>ai I n iilai'ly the iharne-
rlie |io|illhitiii|| of the u'leat |il.illi lo the Vali^ tse- ler.stii' nl I'm l^iiiin ami the low rniinliies, Kviiv-
kiaii;: IS .somewhere ahoi't one liniiilnil millions, or wliere iln |>o|>iilalioii an- imlii 1 1 ii'ii.~l\ i ii^a):i il in
ahmit till' iml a hall liims the |io|iul.itinn •>( the ai-i null iii.il |iiiiMiits, imt an iin h nl ^n iiml .-miiim
I'liiti'il K in^'iloiii. ami the ii.i\ i:;atioii of I he V.iie^ (».. nni iilin.iii .1 , not u n-niine mi^hiieil Im iiii n i'-iii;{
kiaii;; will .ilfml ii-. the iiieaii'< of r'Hiliollin;; the I I ho leililily of llin .soil, 'llie whole iii>iiti\ is in
( 'liine-e, ami ili't il iii^ to them ti nn-, n|' fni'iii'ss iiml i terseetiii with w.iter i niiiiiiiiiiii al mn. ii.n>t if the
justness in our iiiti'i''"iii.^i'. It is nt ijie lir^l iiii|>m'l.iiii'(! j ehalineU hi iie.; a eoiiihiii.it imi nl the iialiiliil iiml alii-
ihat aeei-.-vs to ihi, ili^lrii't slioiihl he sei iireil to us ; it lieial. ami 1 he >alls o| junks iile mmIiIi' alnxe the
a|i|ii'ars to I'l' the iiin-.| im|iortalil liiai'l III .\si,i: half . Ie\el nt th nnliy. thinir.li wlmli liny sei In ilii-
ilie .Maiielii'^ier .'iml I.eeiN iT'i'iils that ant sent tol'liina ' jielleil l>y soniii m\sli'iiniis aini Imlilrii iiitlmine In
li.iM' .ilieail; fiiili'l their way I here. Ii a line nf Kiiro- s|>rilit,' (ahoiit I'l ! l haiy i, ;i lliiik hoai liist iom n il
peiii I'liiiinieree Were i|K'ni'i|, si'a ^'iiini{ sIhjih woiihl i the lieMi in iail\ I'loiiiiii^'. .imi a ;;oimI roal tire is
leive I heir iar;»'MS at Sh.iii'^'h.ii, an. I >le.iim'i's wmilil he j enjoMil at iii:;hi
eiii|i|o\i'<| nil llie ri\ir. I '. iiii|i.in' I lie N :iii;j tM' klali'j I Hail v>.i\ ii|i lie Yung Isi kiaiii;. al.^n klmwn l.y
w illi the Ml'^is-iiiiii. I 111 re are iio I u I in el's so lie II Iv tile 11 ilin of I he I!! in- liiM r. it iliti i s the |'in\ im e of
alike liiil there IS tlii> •liir'-ieiiei', I II ii \\ liile iine has Sealil.ew i .m at aili~iaii T ahmit '.'I'd mill .'- 1" 'I liil i I
a 1 1' i| III 1. 1 1 ion of one hum I re I miili , , in li.iiiK>, the 1 1 en. a I llie ill -i.ii I m :ii U .'ilHl mih slinlii thi m a. i.-a
other has Hot niole thm tin i.rtwe.ve iiiil.iii^ .Now eoal ili'.liiri. .iiei hiie ..|-o ^iie the laliioiih Salt W'l iU
when "e ennie to i-oii^iiler the iiiiim mm' nuiiiher of "I ) Inili.ir. win le ihi' ( hiii'^e ale in the ililily liiliit o|
steamers ruiiliiii;; nil llie .Mi^^i-v^iiijii lo viiiiplv the I'oi'ini; iiile^iaii well-', whiili imt iaiel\ |ii.'-s llunliph
w.iiils of llio-M' tell iiiilli HIS. we ran form smne nh i '"il The j;as rnnii mii I ihise wells is iiseil to
of the eiioimnii.s niniilier nf vesvls ihei'e must he "ii <^ iporate the walei .iinl III. ike Mill, wliieli il eniitaitis
the \ ami tse kiaii;; 1.1 supply the wants of that \a>l in llie piopmi ion nl nm lill h I n up the li\rr \nii
|Hipii|.iiinn nf one hiimliiil million^, or more. Tin' w ill .see oiln ers w ho roll. > i the .sill iliiiie>. It is the
.\Ii^>i~.^ippi ami Us Iriliiiti'i lis have in emistant em iln'miie la\ nf < hin.i im in mie eals ;-ait. ninl w hen
plnMiielii iii'iie tli.m .1 thmisinil steamhnat'-, ami maiiV .Xoii lav s.ilt ynii tax i \ii\lioily.
of these of vs'iy lar.'e si/e ; ami well' tile same elass The Yam; t«e kl.llia is leyanhil lis the lai^'i>l. llie
of hti'MliK't'!! iiitroiliieeil on the Yam,; tse kiali'.' lli.ii ihepest. ami the imi>t ahuinlaiit i iver in the wniM. It
— pasiu's (list, lis we iiHi'i'iiil frnm the si a, tlin ii^li the
' A« ,iu'Mlli-.. la nn.i«,..tl„.|ir,t„rilir.. I Imw,.. .■*„.„.• il„. I'|"vi«"''- "I K ialis,'s..,i ami runs past Che! iaiii: ami
nwoiiil; /ii». „f 111,' tliiril; all tlii-M' «n' i„«ii, liming mill. N''iiklii, ihi' .apit.il o| •* hiin ( hina. now in
^iri'iiiiil tlii'iii. , Jio~He.'<Nioii o| lie- leliil.s II lluii |ialllK)H iipwalili*
1^ i
CHINA COCHIN CHINA, nND JA) AN. titf
Jlirmj;!! lilt- priiviiii'i' of Aiiliiii t'lr twii liiirnliiii mill's, wliirli ii* iit thi* unmi' tiini" n paatiinn ami n sMurcc of
tlli'c>ii;{li lui^i' l"»iis all'! lir-.!. rl i>s rili v«, until till' pnilil ; nlli'ii iit't'T u'llln'rirn; ii crcili »( Kiiiiii iVuiii lliti
piiiviii i-M lit' III! |irli aiiil II I II III art' n-ai'lu'il, llio oik,' lake, tliry <m'I dii-ii' iirlH iiinl linm{ up a li.irvcitl of tisli
III!
•I'lli
i| till- iillnT nil its Kiiiitli liaiik. IliTi- from its iIi'IiiIih, fii-ili
w.ili'iN tiTiii wiili ciraiiirt"*
flTiiw till' liiii'sl li'an, w
lii< li li ivi' liillnrto lii'i'ii rarrii'ij fit for tli(
iHc III m lu
M
IIIV
liinU
larlirula
riv
til I 'anion nil iihii'sli irks ovi'r till- in miilaiiH, iiislcail of swallow-iaml |iii;i'iiiii liiiill tln'ir in'^U in tlii-ti' lloalinu
li>'iii:{ |>la I oil lioar I our HliijH. wliii'li iMii Hikil ii|i lii'i'i-. ihIi's. ami I'lilivrii llii- |H'a<'i'ful ami iimlii- solilmii's
if
jii'iiiiill
il. II.
ai'i
likr
II irMW nvir-i. an
oaiiili iiilrrsi'rtiiii; tin' I'oiinlrv on a
II .^i.i
I'M ; nml |u-i
I I
sl ll
owan
ist
II- niiil<
if till' Ilk
I', wii I'lii- MinliT
ll
IIIC <il
ii'M islaml't, on iN wav to
ttk.
u|i ll fn-'li |iii'<iliiiii.
liriT till' \ :i\\\i tM' kiaii){ iiiiitrM willi the rivi-r 11. III. at It inovi'ij viiv nIowIv, allli'>ii'.;li lli'ii- wits a Koml ilr.il
a s|iol alioiil svliiili all' I'ninifiir.itiil tin' tliri'r i,'ri' it ofwimi, iitil I ir;,'i' -.aiU ttin- alt i 'li i| to tin' Iiohm'ii. ax
trilling ritii'H iif I 'liina, U'li iliiinu'. Ilaii nan. ami II. in wrll a.-, tollir
'I'.-i of till' i^lai
tliii inli.iliitanl.s.
■ll
r Uoiitll o| ( '.iinini'l'i'i', whlrli llmi' (It li's iili'll, U'lilinn an
ililr
li'iit (lirir stn iiL'lli to aiil
l.iri'i' oat's,
liiit (I
I'Doil
nil' saiil to I'ontain ri'.4lil niillioii^.if |io|iiilat ion. Tliroii;;!! its pro^rri'ss liv workin.
till' jjii'at |irovinri' III Mil |ii'li till' river tiows, |ia>-.iin; iliil not mi-i'iii to iiiatrri illv iiirri'isc tin' s|mi'iI at wliirh
till' (,'ri'al rilirs of K iir,' rliai; iiml 'rrliaiiu'. witli wali'r tlii'V iiiovi''!. Howcvrr, tlirst' |>i'iiiliar inariiiris ilo not
ilrrji I'tioin^h for IlOHtoiis liiirllii'ii ; in li'i'>i. tlii-ri' an' |irolialily troiilili' tlirnisi'Ki'.siiimli almiit drlayH, as tin v
rijiiils. tlioUL,'ll till' liottiMil iri I'orky. until we rrarli ar« siirii of sli'r|iin}{ mi
lami,
at wliati'Vrr |ilari*
tlii'\
lip to Kwi'i. wliii'li is !lilii mill's from till- .SI' I. Wlirii tin- may ;;ii 'I'li'-ir iiii^'i'.itions ar.> oltcii willniiit iitiy np
Ktiow nirlls niHiii till'
Tl
iMH'tiaii nioiint iiti.s,
till
ll'I'llt lll'il IM'
l.iki' till! .Moii;;o|s ill tlii'ir vast piair
full, ami till' tallH ran lir Ijoati'l ovrr ; Init tlnso tIti'V wamli r at will; lull inoro fortnnati' llim lln
1'
Ml lolls mav
II
111' lii'uin ll al til
latt.'i',
tl
ii'V liavi
instriirlril for tli
iiiisi'lM'^ a liitl
if till' Vaii^ Isc kiaiiu' ; lull aimM' Kwri tin' rivrr is ^olitinli'in llii'iniilslof livili/atioii, ami iiniliiil 'niliarms
<!.'
ll 1.1
ll
as till' ( lllloii livrr. a
ml i<
till
it a ihiniailii' lilr to t In' a>l v.inl i''" ot hm ili iil.ii v
aliiMit'
i\ialiiii{ rivrr, wliiili runs tliroii^li tin' provinri' of 'I'lnsi' lloai iiii; is|.iiii|.i ap' to !•'' foiiml on all tlir ^irai
I'liniiaii, ami on to 'I'liiiii'l ami I'liirniali, u Inii' alii'nlv l.ikrs of ( 'liiiia, ami at tir>t
Kii'jliili I'lilrrprisi' li.i
pu.--liri| a tr.iili' oM'r tli.- Iiurinr>i
'«sions on till' liriu.ilili
si^lil pi'i'si'iit an I'll' naiii III
|>irliii'i' ol li.ip|iim'ss ami ^aiily,
iliilst
ti'riiloiy Iroiii our own pii>si
MO tlial Kn;;li.'-li rnli'i'|ii l>i' is {i|'i'|i.iii'i| to roin|H'li' u il li ( ,'liinrsi', so -inijiiiar in a
It IN llll|lll->
ilili' Hot to ail.iiii'i' till' in^'riiioiK imlnsliv ot tlii'si-
II t
ii'ir iiro
till' ('
lirsr train'
III liol
I ol liir iV.iiitii'ts T.iki' till' voii 111 si'li'r till' i-aiisi' .if llii'ir <'oii'>ti'm lion
iliiios. Itiil u Inn
thi'hi
ilr.srriplioii of traM'lliiiL,' on I In' Van;,' Isr kiaii;^ on t«o ami patii'in r iiri'i'usiiiy fir llnir I'ri'alioii, liy pi'oj.li
Imiiits, «i' Iiml it a.s follows ; For two lioui'.'4 wi- fojlnwiil nii.ililu to tlml a roi'in'r on tin' ~ .lul I'.irtli (iii w liirli |o
mil ll'' inuliirii ni<siiiiiii< a
I
narrow lortmnis |)atliM, now wimliii]^ aiiioii^
ri'il I'arlli, wlii'i'r rotimi an
■ f I'sl |llli:i|| thl'IIISl'Kl'S, til
I imi
\li'i i;i'iiw III .1
liiiml I
ilarki
r lint, an
I till
III
rrluriiiii){ tlii'ouyli valliys nilwiru viiil.inl pl.int- tr.iii' tin- fuliiii' of a r
It oiirH v.iinly to |h'iii
iiilnn T'lils lli.il till' lainl
alnnis III riri'.
Pill'' III
I'lii
III wi' riiii'lil .'^ii.'lii of till' l.iki' III will no I'lii^i'r Imlil ii. ami wjii^'li lias .soui{lii .i rr^ti
l.liii'
siirl.i
lullllv Pltlli'l liv
I
sli'.'lit Inii'/i'. ^.'liMiri'l ill till' Mill as if rou'ri'il willi
ililinnii'ialili' iliaim>liils. 'I'lirrc lioals I iv n'.nlv tor us
pl.K II till' Milt. I
if tl
10 Wlltl'I'S
at till' liink, our party w
ri' soiiii ini
liaiki'.l . I.:
ils
n.i' I
nv
'II,'
IcsH iiivriiiil^ "I iiiluiliiiaiiU
till' r.liiti.il !■'. iip'r.' r ll''rliiii.' on llin 'iiinl
»■ ini iiIht. iiiiTi'iiiii' M'lir I'V Miir
Illiliir of lialiilioo. ami folilril liki' ftns. wni' ipiirklv mili iVi^'liliul r. imlny, is iil ii'nl li'iii{i iil In hiiihIit lli.il riim.i
liojstril. ami wr p
ciriit. ils plaii
towanls noon
.If Tl
ll I.
lixllM tl.it i-%|iiTirlii
' lii'tsi' ft t IT III '1.1 1 ill/ ^r •iiri.'i'« l'_\ ul.iili
wiml sliin''l liiiii'
I'arnri
ii-i r.iiHi
a I.I i;'liilii'i "i! lakr
Wi
\iV>\ 111
r.i.-ri.
lll'lllll'
rri-*ti tr 'Ui ti no In I in.' I Iil* r.ipnl iiii-t'<-iiiM> ..I'l.... fcriil.'
f'l.' |i.i|i ll ill .11 III Cliiii.i li.i» I I III.' • ilijri't III ii.urli
iirf l':ilr
I'la
' 111 in' Ii.ir4, 11 ll I ll 111
.lll« .1 C'.ll'lll^' |.i
II..' ('
ill.tti«tli*4 iiri'. I|.-\"lt)irlr
iiiili'riiil lioals. Ill I'vi'rv si/
I'.irrv 1114
sl
.1 I
ii;'i'i's ami inrl'i'liamll^
ii'iini'r.iiis
pa-ssi'i
lisliin;,' Hinai'ks, ilislin.'uwlii'il liv tlir Mark lifts liiin^
I'll ll iiiiiiili.r iiri'
tl
II' mast,
itii tl
Till
II' \arii.us \i'.>.si'|s p.isiiiii; ami ri'
paHsiiiK, Willi tin'ir vi'IIoa' hiiils ami stri|
ll sir
ll.i
til
T.i'.'iii' imlrtinitr iniii iiiiir tl.i.itiii^ ariiuml, tin- .ii|U ti
w ill. iiiri', iii.il ill I- irli |ir 11 .III' ill ' Iii'.i.Im i>i 1*1.11. iii'4 iiti* r.'i|ii ns
|.i iiiv-riU' ilii'.r ii.'.i'ii-i' ill ii';:H'i'r« lii'iit l.r ui |.iir|ins«', miililii
•I .111 I |ialili>i.iil till' III. 111. Ill III' n'|{i«
i.iiiiti'riiiiK rltiiiM-4
i.illiil Iriiiii tin-
.ili'iil.ili'i||.i III til,'
li.iii't. III.' I..I'
^ lrili..ii 1..1H v.irii'.l nnii'li rv.-.i la iiimli'rii ti
I'liitiii.; Iiiiliv,.! I In I'
l|Hll«, mill lirlirr I'l'iil''
llll.'
iiiiU liovi'i'inL' ON
laki' ami ili\ iii',' smlil. iil\ .ifhr
Cliii
I 'IVIII
ii'w |i..|..ilal.
I"
iil.'.l
IK III ll ir.
IkT I
llll. I llllll
. t" I..
.| I lily ii.illi. i.l.i', 1. i.ii.'h llll' l.irp »l
I'p.
tlnir pny. all lliis prrii'iiti'<l a most I'li.iriiun^ ami ,,, |
aliiinali'il pirlnii' to tin' iM'. U i- jia.ssi'il m'M'I'.iI ll.ill. r-l.'iti, IllS.it I,;
lli.'naiiilli'.' I., Is.l.ii.ri.oiiili III 174:1 >i.i'..ii|ii,
.llllll' \r..i.il. I.'iii'.
17. >l
III 17(il, llt'lH.lllill/ t.. I .itlit'l
liiii; III I. ..Ill M.iiiirliii \,
.atiii'' isl.iml
III.
nrioiis iir.iilurlinns of I'liin.
•r.liiii;
imln>li'\ , w l.ii ll no nilirr
til I
i.i\i' tl
I :i,. nil 1,1 Km
ill llllll \. r.n<4
111' III .^1 rrri'll
.1. Tlii'si' l|...ilin;i i^lamls all' I'lioi'inoiis rafts, ni'iii'i'.illv
■oiisli iirlril III liaiiil s, wlii.li ri".i>t tin- ili. iini|i.isiii^
III It
lll.ij. I llll' M.llllrllll
ii|i i.i :iii I, I It 10,1 II II I \V. llllll
..' .i.l*.ir.iiiili..ii ii.'i'.'.*irv t
till
111. 111. llll. I. tiiiil
.1' I'i.li' « llll t'.'rt llllll V J liiil
il.t ii.t il'.iilil till' I'l.rrri 111!"'* I
.fllu
lllll
it 1 1
.r for a li
rtitiiii.lli'
is lanl a loli'i'.ilili' tliirk In.l of \ i"..,'i'talili'
tllHIlks to (111' imliint lalioiir of
rp III til.' mil { l..i..rin inr'i
<l.
Ill till'
l.|l)hl,t|.. il
I'llll- 11 III 11
mill'
III.' I"'!. lllll.
I'. ;ri-l.l'
..HI
III llllll.. r.'iili' liy «li..'li \..ii Irnrr-i' il. ll', I'.ir r\i.ii|il
ll. ll i< I' lay
nil I, III iiinliiiif
I
aipmlii' a.:ririilliiri^|i, iIh' .i-.toin^
a Wlioll lollV liMIIU oil llll' sill t'.lil' of till' waliT, ill
fiiiiilii'i „(• I ;•••"<>■.• iT;»i"i'<-. .»■"•"•'•>
.| III .
til
Ill-
ill till
.111 Ih' till III
.Ills
In li.'vi' till- fiinilry iniiili I. -» iminiliMiit ili.iii il niilly i« tin
iill.n^'i's uri' ti'w llllll t'iir U'l I'
. Ill'
4li' 1 1...|« N'l ri)li»iil.'r.il.lu
ttV ll.illM'S, WI
pr.
piniilat
fani
ill till
irir ;{arilrlis, as wi
II
ili.il y..ii iiiiclil III Ii < r.iii.y y.i.irHi'll in Hi. |.laii.a nf t.irnnr.
til Ills ami lllll Inivir-'i' tin
Ions III I'virv
Tl
III mil l''lt;llltM
if III.
ll»|M-(*(
..nil.
pr.
Iiv III.
ll
III* Sl'l
til
III to I'lijoy |M'ai-i' ami alinmlain
llll nu'
I'llll-a iiilllll.lllllj
..I ll'
il.r ll rlllliu'i'l' lllliii y..ii pii..!
Ill llll
Iili'll
1I..111 trti.ir tliri'
■ III ...« ..t' 'nih:iliitiii.t« J
■' li'i^iili' tlliir III it IS not iii'rui
llll
\liiUt «.iii.li'r I..1III4 llllll );r.' .1 liil'itri'i I'. II . IV nii'li .illirr in
llllll llll' lii'liU, liny I'liililny tin iiL'^'lvi's 111 lisli;
HUM. illiiliti'iTlll
Il.t 1
II ll l» .lilll. .ill ll
ill.
ill^'lliaft lllllltltil.il'
>l|.
'IK'l'r I. all. t. ill II
lu
1 '•
11 1
I.; r I
134
ALI, HOUND THK WORLD,
S|iciikiii>; of Wiic'li:in)j, tlio Rnmc I'lic (if i.iirciiiiHsiirii'H
iiitMi'iiiiMl ii>> tliiit •• till- liv 1 r :il llii> |il.n !• ii'miuMi.s a
Hrriit uriii 111' I 111' M'li. MiiltiluiliMit 1 Inn iiiini> jii iks wm'
lii'iviii); iMpiilly ilow iM.r >lnwl\ ii|illiis "liiMit liilil i>l
tlir Srii.' :is t lir < 'liilii-i' cill il. Tlii' w iliil «:is lliiH ihij
iVi'lii (III- sniilli. uliii'li \\:is tiiMiiiiMlily riHXiuli I'm' us,
as \\r .■iilv w.ititi'il II siili' wind, Iriit it "us cxlrniu'ly
viiili'iit, :ilii| as till- pii'va;.')' ImmIs \M' IuiiimI slailniii'l at
tin- -IimH' a|>|" ai'i'il iiiiH'li |i"i sliylit I'm' sicil'iiiy wcalln'i'
ill tlii'si' iiii|M tiiiiiis wali'i's, ui' lii'-ilatiil ii liiili' liiliii'i'
••iiiliuikiii,; ill iliiiii Till' ('NMiii|ili', Ih'Wi'M'i-, (if many
kIIkt tiaM'llri's wliii iiiaili- no iliiVnnllv liavin^ li'-
asHiiriN) lis. wi> cnti'i'i'il a luat wliiili .soon rarrii'il iis
.•iwiiy Willi iiliiiost icriilii' ia|iiclity. Wiii'ii wi- wn-c
iifiir till- ii-flillr ol till' ini r, ui' inri with u .vi|uall tliat
M'lit our I'oat tu> liiiD'li oil lici' siiji' that Ikt saiU I'or a
Iiiollli'llt loll, 111 il till' walrf. Al lili^llli, al'lir a pa-.-ayi'
of till! (' ijiiaili'l^ •'!' ail Ih.iir, «iaili\ri|, witiioiit an!
ili'lll, ill till' poll o| U'li.lialiL'. wild'.' Wi' Will' ili'talliril
iiioi'i' than t uo horn's o|h niiii; a passa^r lor oui.siIms
ilir>iui.'li tin- ).roilij;ious ina^sol' junks in llir anrlmiaj;!'.''
t>t" till' roiiiitry on tin rixii- lianks, he .says--
'• Aloii^' thi' Idini Wi' lint i.'loil|is of littlr t'liini'sr
rhlMii'li, Willi lal yt' straw hats, hailllij,' ;,'i'ats, assi's, or
<'iioriii"iis liiillaloi's. to 'rt il on thi- jjriss that "I'luvs in
ill)' iliti'hi'S liy till' roaii siilr. Voli ran hrar tin'
|>nittlin^ ol' the litth' creatures (|tiit<' Car o|)', anil sec
ihi'iii ca|>'iiiii; anil juiiiliili>;. Lar^c ticcs arc on the
rmul siile, anil not seMoiii. il must lie saiil, swariiis of
iiios<niit<«'^, whose stinjjs reiiiler .III cM'iiin^', alieaily
t<H> hot. Iiy III) means more i(ii|iporlalili'.
I\ INK MAKITIMK ClTIKS oK CIMNA.
II WIM. lew acioiiipli-licil our otijci I, in ;,'iviii;; llic
rt-aili r xiiiic insi;:ht into tin' iiisiile life ol'l'liina- lli.it
Is, till' jiortloii ol llii coiiiili\ not iliiliiciliali ly on the
veil liiNinl — Wi' will proceeil on nur \o\a;;e.
The »i\ main liu.~y pro\ iiico which are aliiio.st
nations— liii'twn <>ul of the ci'.'litecn v.i^t i|i\i>ionsof
wlijcli China IS conslitiilc.l. are K«an twali;;. or 'The
hLi-t Plain. ■ Willi Jtl.iliin.iMHi ,,f |Nipiihilioii ; l-'iih Kicii,
Iniilini; Junks at anchor in n rork-lKuinfl hay, liiililcn
liy three pyiainiilal hills; thai is Swatiiw, w licri)
llieie is a };rcat traile in sii^^iir. Iiron^ht over trinu
l''o||iio.sa to lie leliiicil. .'iiiil alierwaiils exporteil to
v.'irious ports of ('liina. .As tin l'iei|iicnt piracy perilleij
llie.se \alualilc car<.'oes, il hecaliie ci.sliiliiaiy tiir the
( 'liinese iiicrcliaiits to hire forei^'ii \c.s.si'|)i. ami hence,
ill spite of the ChincM aiillmritii s, a very I'.Mciisivi)
liinle has spiiiiii,' up. ^w,ltow is also the i eiitre of a
Colic einieration or exporiatinii to llavaiina ami
Callao, iilnl tlicie ale talis tolil here that woiilil ni.'iku
a slave capt.iin shinliler. The men iit Swatow me fine
stiirilv fellows, most of llieiii in liirlaiis of iLnk Miie
n.'ilikeeli, anil the Wolin n Wear piitureM|mt llrcs.-es, all
of the jiiiyest I'lilmiis. The Inail ilresses of the yiiuiij{
airls are \ciy pretty- their hair plaited in a loiij; tail,
which is Wound round and r< iind the Inud. terminating
in II l.ivsci III liiinl. .\ round Mack silk or mImI lianil
encircles the iippir part of the forehead, and Ii.ih
>;i inially a yaiidy Jewel in front ; a tine Mower Jauntily
placed oil one side ol the head coinplctes her head
dress. Oilier^ ha\e the hair curiously woiked up into
^liape. I lalnl-oiiie oiild oi ii.'iiiieiils and tloweis taste,
fully jilaccil give the he.id of a pretty jjirl a line
a PI earn nee, We win! to see a |ilay lieie, and arrived
Just a-, the driiliis lull. id and the cymlials cla.shed fo'
.1 fn;htinj; -cene, as tiny always do, to jjive ell'ei't t
the lijows. The dresses were capital, and th<' wardrolf.
extensive. The iiei'oincs Were jilayed hy men ; one in
particular acted remarkalily well, and the studied
.ittiliides, even t" the jiosilion of the filip'i's. Were
.idiniralile In oiie furious scene, where tlie Ijeriiino
li.id liceii goiiij; tliioiiyh a leirilic piece of tierce decla-
iiiatiiili. ill a liii;h lalselto, she thiiw In ixlf (or rather
liiiii>ell ), ill the hci4:lit of iiijiiicd iiiiioi'i'iice, into a
chair, and liiiliiii{ In r face fiiuii ihe spectators, . . 'ii
the dcipcst j.ricr, i|iiiclly expelli d her i|iiid, in\ i-ilily
lolhciu. Inil III in;;ili;,' I he Hlll'lime liiilch too Inai the
ridiculous for lis who were at the .'idcsielns 'I here
is no use alliliipliiL' to desi ril e a (liinese plav
(Ira ml dresses, man In >. ) ncess ons. ki w low inj;. fiLlilili'^
iimlilcd II
ami ipiarri
are jiim
.pi
llilc
lIllSIOII.
The C.'iistinimalion of Mappines--." with l.'i.iiiiii.iiiili ; '|'|„. a> lor.s, m the iiliiiiic of ]\ti\ hill.s. i IK walk
Cheli kiaiit;. " The Coiini'i'v of il
U
diiiLT KiM'i' ' forward and |iioi laim who ihi \ mc, Miiiitimes e\cn
I VanU'lM- kiam.;i, with :.'ii.iiii<l.iMMi ; K 1,1111: hi. 'The holdup a pl.icaid w ith the title en ii. make n > dillj.
Coiiiilry of the Happy li'iur ' (ilie ^■c| ..« I!i\cr,»illi ciillv
i.'<.lililMiiiii ; Sliaiii.' I. in;,'.
I'iilsl of 11
1:
.Ml
\cr , » illi
iiiil.iiii>."
nil iii>taliei
lol'-e liciiijr oil till' sl.'i;;e,
lihllil II
ilnl tl
hi
I hi
Willi L".< IM''>.lllili ; and I'echeli, "Tin' Siipieiiic l'|. n ime," a nixed a I such II phiee, " iMi si ol 1 1 1 ir pl;i_\ s leliile ti,
with 1"J iilHi.lllHI II 1, too|ieii up ,1 .peii.d Hade with oldl lillicse I lines, their (osliiniis lieiiiM.dniosI ilivarialily
ihce pi.'Vilice.'i that wve ileniniid a ii^lil of li.idiii; >ii( |i as wile used pliMoiis to the Tanai ili<aslon.
with the |»irls of ('anion. .\iii.,\j Niin;|io Sliaiiuhai. 1 Their traMllin;: appaialiis i- well iiirMi;;id. In iiii{
and Chii^.iii were o|Mind hy the |M:it\ o| .Vaiikin. and ' packed in i;ainlily pninlcd Imxes, which foim ■miiIs
llio.se ol
f N
ew dial
Tl
I'.
Ill tin- island i la'hilnl the sIiilc, and ale.
Well lievc a
Iso IIiIkI lip for
of Korliios;ii, Cliaii choii osiwalow 1. .11.1
iIm- i-le of llalliall. al tin- ixlrclnc
I Ki
I'lioii lor ' cooking, anollnrasa dti smuu' sland. for washing anil
'iiil ol I'lii^ial, painling their faces; souh
I llicii laces ale most
li^ tin- iii'aty ol Tien Niii. To in-|'cct ^iine <>f these curiously painted to nprisii;! ih nmiis. or more often
|i»H^»
lid to Krt nil insight into Cliiii<"-e life aiiti ImliilH tcirihlc cicatiin
!••
roiii here II
«iimoa. a lilerarv
!■• Tie- ol'jis'l of our pri'.H<'lil run aloli),' the -hore iipHiirilH { island and a colli'oi,|t,. city; which is liuiioii.. liir
I'roiiiiloiig koiigl" iheliultol I'e el
Chi
nese nature,
lull' elsu
I hi
111 its dell of oiiiiim siiioki I" and
KM \iai pis« a|oie_' the coii-t presents .1 clneile.s-. and in i|ealer.s, w
ho, al the In
if 1 1
haircn
hill
.p
s on tho
11.1I.I.'
a.'>|M'ct . iM'casionalh>vouM'e a li"iiii
rxilli
I^'IUnI < sea
shi
III
i'>l;:lili-.|icd a lr:fdinu' station
Till
.il»ne the slerilitv and l.iir>'r'niii-?«ol I he liiiu'e liiolin- i^l.ilnl liav, near the iil\, swarnis wit
I1MII o| \).||.m salnl aliil '••li't I'ealeii r»«-kf . then a li:illerv w I10.-C Indilsl 1 ioii> owners, 11
liiinl
Very like I sand hi^p lln-ii .1 pa^iHin. I lien
v class, work Mil.' nil
ke.l,
i\ov of make Us wonder wli\ I liiiia w.iiits a iiav\, and l>v 110
niealis leel asloiii>lii
d
lal with '^lll■ll .1 go\ I rniiicii
t si
l-^.VtT lllf. Wlt"l*
mid Hi'- ..^iMi'iu*' «il
I'vcr \br irulb.
11. 1' «*i.i. mill t
Mlllllll
1 iiii'iili« ol nillimntl'llri'
has siicli a lillHlc
111 ml her anil
Icr tin
A I
popul
ition on her ~lioii
iiov liiirieii n
ami sliarp lilow iiiv,' sani
in
l''roni licie to
I .Ilnl iiothiMir
>|-(h I'lokilig at lull the Chapcl Isl.ilid, w hicli 'I
ic sa«
la ]
CHINA, COCHIN OHINA, AND JAPAN.
liiiHtiinncllciUliniiii»li. Tlic fii-st tiling thai striki-s you | lii-t wi- riMch llir I'iiundu in
las
!»s you tiiuil at Aimiy, |ia-<Minj,' ii|i
it l(Miks lili
li>.-'|i bay, lint. iM .inly thkIc l.y aiiotlirr i>laiii|, Kiiluiix«<". plaiitaliMiiH. iicir I
K'liolM:; . wliiTc till' njiliiui
lyiiii;, aii<l row |ia>t iKi low IuikI pailily
It Ih'lil >|iori', til
llw
IH till! S|l it will'
th<! Wat el'
-till' oil
till' Kiiijli^li llri'l " liji'w out of iiniiiiiiK lily "I' jiiiikt, umlrr tln' lir.tiitil'ul liri>li;r of
(li-i't tliat I'VfV ilarril to I'IMI iiirlir-*, linlil wi' ir irli imr limlini; lilair, in-iir tin'
Iv (Ml
lllli r
till
Til.
town itSl
If jiioks like a wooiliii \' inruy's |Kila<i', wlli'ri- li'lijlis a .■.i|iiilrliiMl >lilliH'
Waimiii" ami lias two loiin stirrts of oiirii kIi.pik, Cp tliri'ii','li iaiii'H ili^iii il in tlif laiiliTii's ■.jiailr ii|>
I ' "' ... . I . 1 • . .11 1-. I 1 I . . 1 :.. 1
— .craiiKy coiuti'
IH. full of iiL'lv lookiiii,' liu'it (voii lliii
of caiiiii
III!
IiiIh
I .lo„'rali
illv, laH'^'i'il, sliiiir I liri
l.rf
I sti
iwii III ili'i'iM'r
•I"
II vou SIM' siirli ioint-.l, airlii-i thaii liiliui', only lo yo u|i nlimi' >t |iH, oln- aliu\
i| l)ival that lo.iks liki' lioiwy soii|i. 'I'lii' stints
itlii'l', all iliiliirli'M' lii'ii'lit, mill tlirli ilitn a limi-i'
liiri'ow, ail
III
I till' |i.'i|ii'tii il ■• .\li lio" of till' lalaiikriii hIiiTi' I'liijlisli fans wili'oiiii' lis. Koo I'linw is a wmi
Ts railsi'S fii'sli 1 t'llsioii cviTV ill-tilil ••!
I'i'liil
ai r, ami lias a ii ilam i'
till' Kiii'lisli li\i' in u'lol lioiisi's. Till' tiailc IS iiiu-lly of a uiilliini ami a lia
iM
f trail.' to tl
ll sll
tiias anil silks, but .\ii|oV is not so will siliial
vi'i' aiiaiiist u-
ll iis We ol'ili'l'i'il iliairs iii'Xt liinriiiin.', ami srl mil to m'i
ijvrrv oiii" wii iiH't W's siiiiihiiiiL; a
its rival, Sliani;liai
iii|«!, not of o|iiuiii. but ofnoiil lioiH'st toba
Wo
to tl
not
11" roi'Uv iiioi
to Ir
lib of tlii> .Mi
.\ll
ll f.
I
mr
lliii rity.
Iiiiiiiiii till'
liiako wav.
Till' sliri'ls ari' ii.iii'uw, ami ymi uo in
lioii in^ all till' wliilr l<i
llirll is IWlhi'
your iii'.ifi-rs si
ihiT till' biiili'i' wr Mint, w
Koo I'l.ow, tl
illii
fi'ft wiili' ami about tui'Ur tlioiisimil fi'rl in li'ii);lli
I port of Kuli kii'ii, wlii.'li wlls us tifi . TIm' briil;;!' fatli is iinriownl by stalls to riiilil fiM't. ainl
nvi'i' on oiir wav
liiillioiis 111 |iiMiii'ls \vi'ii,'lil, ol ti'a, ami laki's mily
lilts IS ll'oWl
Iril. Twiri! wi! wi'ir liflril
li.'lil
lOll.lMMI/. of iiiir "o 1 Is, bi'sili'S soiitt! million ami a liaif oulsiili' tin' biiili;,', ovrr tin- |iara|«'t. wliilr a Mamlarin,
of bullion awav Irniii us; for, as
lor
liii. till' (
will
liavt! iiotliini; of il,
••onoi'rni'il.'
Tlit-y say that Kon
jilaoi' for ti'as, wliirli .in! ll
far as silver an
I u<'l<l
I a ^'laml
ml sti'iiin; as
ll bv. Till' brill
lil' IS ol
111,
I'Iriliril I'ork. anil ni.nli- of itiinifiisi!
stolirs.
II.
I I
ivi'tvrt lii'ii' an usual, iw
!••
Iiii. 1^ not a ;' •
.'li to IS in iiiii
iiisv a.s lici's 111 a liisr
t|iairil with Kiili ihilii.a [ilai'i'at soim' slimt ili-.talii'i' •' \\ Inn ll
•\ Kl'l' IMII I'lH'illl-, ',|H'll
but it
ilv
lii'i'ii till' urra
if till- two, .'in<l till- (.'liinrsi' mil
ti'.-t traJiiii
■ t know blst
I till' rxirnsr, llli' I'liilii'^
ll'lM'll iilfiis tti Hit tin
i|il
I li'iiira ill ».ilkinL'l'"r llii> mi'ru
k If it is It'll llhiir i'>r|il.iriiiillilil
I'llv.t 1 muni,,', mill ilrink li'.i, u liiii
NVc wi'n
till' rivi'f, for we hail still '.'."i utiles to
\<>il huvi' li<
l|i.'ll:i| lo v-i't into :i lioal .it till' lii'iiilli ol j'li,, 1,1
itiiill'.' I'Ui' III ilii, u|'. Hiill Ik'IIi'I'. I'l u'o I'l Ix'il >l
III' llirrtilic til M'l'l
ll III.
ll r I'lirl iif till' iii/lil ill
l|l to till' i'll\.
;iiiiitiM'iiii'iit4 anil uiiii'lN I
t;
Itini'si! lio.itii
IS vi'rv iilcas.iiit
Th
Konil
with till' sails, if the wiml blows f.iir, ami ten oarNnn'ii.
ll
lii.i
lint- uiii'iliv
la stvlu of craft, tliinv ti'it loii'.; I'V six liroa.l, I
I- mil Ml |iii'», nil .1 Its. II t'l llii'iii.
.I'.lm., Ik r.ilr III. V lilt n|«ill 11 W.IV I.I
'.Ml
I'liluic'in;; lln- iliiy till iii:'liiiL-lil. nii.l lln' ii ^'lit till ii"
till' I'll
it suni-i'ii'
inrs,', I'M'
n III' till- liiu'liiT .'la
I 111 Inil in tl
^rw 1 1'ar 14 liiiv, mil
inr til ;;it ii|i
iilnrtain I'amilv ti'stivaU I'tr. |il. .1.
if that fails ; rarryini; out the I'oiitrary as iisuiil, tliry 1 1„ tlnv .l:i\« ila'v .1 t alimv tin m-i l\i>. a iii..iiiiiit'« nji.
liilslt, inst.'ail of |Mtll, till' oar, t.itlii' ai'rolii|ialiiiiii'lit of In n.ianil, lli.y IhIIhh tin' I'laiiw nf tla- lir .mhIj Unlii « in llnir
that sttij'itl.irlv Mill
in iiius .'halit. It was a lonu' aiMiiU'imat"
r ila\ mill uiu'lit. At til.'
tliii'l
I III lilt
ill tnll.
us |iiill, fir till' lib' was a;,'aiiist us. an
I till' ^■''''.■"' '■'.'"."
I !■
nri>)it' till
till' nii".t III
ll iiiiiinlliimii., till
nielli ha.l fill.ii, aiil
.1 .iiiK
till' il.i
top;
if till' iiioiint.iii
iml
isiotial villa'.;.'
-'hi.
ps ,
.1
if I'liiia I'liji'V till' imi'-t |ini|iiiinil li':iii<|
iiUiM
y.'
Iii'ar till! Ill ilsi- j»iiryliiii; of tlir iiiurky w:iiii
liilc nisheil by our frail, giiiicracky liabitalin
las ri'Iniii.'.l niit'i lii« laiiiilj ; all tin' sliii|i> an' i lix'.l . ll»' IhhiI
111. 11, till' niiiiiiiti'1'anl..tlii' |iiililir nailiT, Inn.' tiiii-la.l lli.ir »iltiii'.'«.
' Till- us.' .if lull;
lias liii'iiiiii
iTiivi'is.al tlirniiirliDiit tlir iiiiTu'i'l*
ami iiiitliliii.' liKi' liiiMiii'»i> is III l«' Mi'ti, I'MTpt, [hi liaps, in ii ti'«
\t tlnatt'i's, wliit'li ili')ii-liil iniistlv .III tin- wmkii :: I'lasn, ,.. u Im li.oi
1 Hilly till iii^lil ai tliiir ili'<|Ki-al, in » liirli tin y i nj<<y tin' tavmn in
aniii<..-ni.-iit .it'siitii: a pliV.
* .ViilliiiiU stiik.s 111,' «traii|;.'i''H tiiiml Iii.ni' fiiriil'l> tliantii
iirvi-r tirii'L; i
niln-tr\ i>f tlir Cliin
•Ml
I'lnpir.' ; ni.'ii, won
H'li, I'liililri'ii, i'\ rvlHMlv Hinnkrs alinuiit witlmiit lianl at
I'l'HHlllK
riili-
riii'v I
alfiiit tlii'ir ilailv liiisini'
iiliivati' III.' li.l.U.
iiN 1.1
nrk .'X.-n tin- U'jL'irs |h r^pi
illi till
II' nil h.iri.-ii.i.'k, anil wrilr, r ms'
itaiill
y Willi till' |iipi' in tliiir |,|a
-ll. Ka.li iniifi— I
it«rlr, III. I I'urv
ari' liiiKV at \Mirk ; inain "f I
I,' iiiu'ra;i\rit
mail 111 In*
111.
1 nut raiM' 111! II
lii.iiiliis. Iliii'iii^ thi'ir nii'als, If tliry Kiup fur a imiin.'nt, il is In Jiim.U In mi' llir iliair nl lln' " Wi'slriii |li\il." Ilu tlii' iilIi
Iiiki' a |ii)ii' ; anil if tlicy waki' ill ill.' niu'lil, lli.'v mi' siiri' In tin. klv-M'ltlr.l ■.Ir.il, mniinu' lln' ini rliaiii's a
III !■
miinsi' llii-ni>i-lvi's m
sjinii' w.iv.
tlu'ri'lor.', tliat in a i'iiunlr\ .-.intainiii
It may I"' ia»ily »ii|i|ii.». .1, .\<\v Vurk. an.l .■viiyttiinj; yiai
till
liniiilnil
'll- I't i-M-i'll
Ml
I'll:
I'lllv «
.III
siiiiikrrs. w iili.iiit .-iHinti
III.' trili.'s nf 'larlar
k.'ts. III '
I.I TliiU'l, »li<
ll'
iiii|il.r nti'ii^il'
I Ill
will liiiil Ih'Iiii;
ml in a -lnvirr
ini'si' inar
1 iitnn
lay in tlnir Kl'H'ks in tlii> I'll
ia.s Ihs'ihiii' vi'ry iiii|Hirtanl .Any iin>' may L'f"« it lln
I if I. 'Ill
lalili.l, lint Hilll tir.iti'i pii ti .'linn. I la' I'hiins liaii' liltli'
111 Irani t'riitn ns
I
tax. 'fill' fiviiiiriu' liilii
i-aiiriit |Hiiiil 111 a
p|-.:rliral .Il-
ls llial iif l.i'i.i I'liii
Maiiii
mill in till' priivinci' nf I'm' rliiniii. 'I'ln' Iimm'h ,iii> varii.iisly |iii'- «mit«, m
that r\|ii I'i'i lias iii'l iilri'ii.ly laiii:lil llii'in. Tlnir .lri'-» iit
till' iii"«l c 'iiif .rliililr ami .lii'aiH'sl ; tlirir Imats suit all lli.ir
nl .'Mill
t ailanl.'.l fur im nwii u.ilns
pari'il,
'.lititf to till' liH'alily : ill till' s'liilli tlii'y rill tlii'in : lia.l ttalir ti;,'iit |iai'tiliiin» I'ur
"U'l '
II
irv ni:
tlli'.v 111
lll.isl U'lill-
.'«tr. III. ly till.' 1 ill till' iiiirtli tlii'j rnlillniii i|. ..larsily. anil jiiit tifiil '.ilks willi lliii »ini|il' nl |Km«ilili' l.miii ; tliiir liiiil» air li -s
llh'in ill llii'ir |'I|H'H. SinilV tak.'i's at.' I.'vs iiiinii
I'll.' .Mmitrliii r.irtars
iiT'iiH 11. an 1.11111
iri', I
iiivvi'ViT, j:irat in ii-iiii; tiiin
nixl l\ ill ll nnifr
ir.ill til. in iiilr-.
fur tin- nnsf," as tin' C"liini'<r .-all it. Tin' CM
ill liiKrs, Imt in |ililalii.
iiirsi' raiTV snnti, mit is in,
In III
II iilili'll;
I. ir uiiti'l- ll
nly 111.
I'ir iH-ll'm-. i:i\i--,
; III' I'Mimlni'il U
III
la-ir n.ov ri ijiiiri'
f.ir I,
riii'C
sliii
ivi' nil Hilvrr iir p
ilil '
i.f III.
ills f.
r L'Viinliiiu'
tl.i
-.aiit .lial't .il air. an. I
V \x '111 a I'i-I'iit w.irki .1 in il.
Sil
nf variiMiH
VlT l'X|" ll«.' Ill
ally alxinl liily la. 'Is illi/. i aili jiivnt nr axli'
I ki-i'pini; till' iiiai-lii
I )..
II IT III nil trmi
lull'
I'll'
III. TV ill ..r.li r » lull' nt W'H
a Kinail li.i
mil
pi|'i
riiti-iantU
Mipi
worlli), mill ;.'iil.|iii liirs up Iral arr iis.'.l h Inr.' Iiiri'it'ii in.nii'y is .liupiiinn .'f wiitrr, uliirli prrM tits all liriliiiif li"ni fri.li.m In
nut riirri'iit. flii' li.uiki'r puts liis Klanip ii|i.iii
is tliiTi'liy •;iiar.iiiti'i''l. .Any ImiipiTint' « il li ili.' <|
Im (
aniun Iuii'Il;!!
iliil
11' iiri^llla
urs ai'i- SI mar
I I'liari.-I.r.il Hi.
kill liv tin
iiii'i til.' Mi'iii'ir
11. liny i-, rar.'
cnaralit. .-ill:
"I'l'tiraii.l,
|i|-<i|i<-lliiiU tlii'ir liu.iNtlii. piiMi-rlnl m-iill ailnuli uf m rlnl.l il-iiiii;
as niiti'li Hiir
rk
.1 in III uilli ii<. If till' l\
kills
tin
nil. Ill
linn: .'nU "ii a -iii.ill
•UinpH, tliat ll
■ml ill till' imrlli, mIhti' I'aiulin ilullars, iin>tain|'i-il. aii- pn-- ti. l'im- .-M r i pii-s«ii'i
frrivil, il nm-il to U> tlii> ciistuin to murk llniii with tin- luiik.r.<. I.mi .>itli li.ill' tlir i-i.
•ml ill iuk.
'I'lianii's liai-L'i'ii wiTi' litlnlwllli a l-m^, licnt, wi-ll lialnn.T.1 CliinrAi*
II ii'i'ii liivi'l, anil H ill
I
nil' man W"ii
III ill. tin
I :i r.i|H
"ll Ih
-.1
rk uf at li-a.t
lln' rliin -I- •vnIiiii nf ak-rii'iilliir '
I t'oiiiliiiiiii all lliul »v liuvu iiiily jual rvui'li.il l>y a king cuurgu of
I
i
186
ALL BOUND ThM WORLB
Till? |>awnliniknrM Jtn* iiio«t HyHtciimlii- in tlicir tlnil
ilia's, mill Hi|iiiTn' tlii'ir riflniiK r^ with lli>' .ivitricinUH
ln'r^i'VcniiK I' III' .li'»s, wliilr till' jiru.ilr liiinkiiit; I'sl.i
Iilisllllli'llt4 ail- riillillK'li'il nil ihi- Kui'ii|irllll |il'lll<'l|ilr
'\llliiiii|{li I'lhilii !i nil' |iai.iliii{ I" Hill tViiiii till' liiinki
with i'a.s|i, lliii iiirniirv iiin^t iii nsr liir •»iii.ill aiiinmil-.
JM |iii|i('r, Hli^'liril mill riiiiiit<'l'si;;iiril witll I'cliial'kalili'
|i< ili'i'tiiin mill iiiyi'iiiiilv.'
Tin- wniiii'li 111' Kiiii rliiiw iiri' liV III! Illfillis usliiililiil nf
Ill-ill),' Hccii. Tlicy liiivr liiii' siiiiily lijjiiri's, ilio.t llnir
li.iir |iirttily, anil lri\r a Iliii' Jiiallliy liliniiii mi llirir
il k.i. 'I'liiiy iln must iif tlir .ariyiii); work, iiml ate
ii'iiiarkalily m-at ami cli'iiii 'I'liry wear litlli- wliilr
aimiiis, till- fiilils 111' wliirli arr i-aii'l'iilly [iiickiTril iiinl
|ilaiti'il. Tlii'V ili> Mill I'lilliiw till' small I'lHit l'a.H|iiiiii ami
till' little tiMlilliii;; Nti'li III' till' t'alitiili Inlli'S, lillt sti'|i
nut linn ami I'ri'c. A pcas-iiit nmhiimii mI' FoOKihow uill
rany two rlu'st-s i>( ti-a, raili wii^^liiiij; mii' liiiii<linl
|iiiuiiiIm, t'roiii till' rity In tlw rivi'i', ami iiiakr iiiilit nf
il. Till' Tart. II' wuiiH'ii (lliriT 1^ a Tailar i|iiaili'i lull')
wi'ar tlirir liarr all ilriwii link rmiii tlir liinliiail. ainl
I'lsti'iH'il ill II kii it licliiinl witll a sort ut' skcwrr >liiik
tlii'iiiif^li it, at llii' riiil III" wliH'li is a lliiwrr; lliry vnar
lllillli'lltiiilialiii's, a|i|i('ai' In In' stili'k iiitn »li|r limsi'
stinkiims, i.'iiii't'all\ vi'i'v ilii'iy, ami sIhks witli aiiia/,iii;^ly
tllirk t'i'lt siilcs iil'li'll iliuMl al till' lli'i'is.
Villi H<'<> aliiiiil lus mill li lint nf tin' I'ity iix in — lln'
(Hiiir sliii|iM, trailt'siiii'ii. ami artivr stir nf rvrryilaV lifr.'
'I'lii' walls nf till' city an> hhiih' tliil'iy fii-t ill li('i;{lil
ami i'X|iriisivi'ly nriiiiiiriiti'il nVii' till' sivi'ial '.'ali'vviys,
all nf M'liirli ai Iii|iiisri| iif ;;i'alilt<' fniilnlat inlis
liiiislli'il nil' willi liiirk' riii'si- wiij'i all' snini- ri;;lil
miles in riiriiiiiliii'iHi'. mil lln-ri- hit si'M'ii i.'ati'-- Inr
inll'.ilirr. Tin' liinsi |ii'iiiiiiiii'iil |iiiliiii' li|ii|i|iii);s ari'
I III- Treasury |ti'|iirliiiriit, ami tin- ImiiM^, inr //""i""-')
III till' varinlls nllii'iils; llir I 'niit'iu iaii riiii|i!i'. ilis
Mnycil siiMii' liiiii' simi' li\ tin'; tlir 1 1 iiipli's n| tin'
" ( inll nf ^^ ar, " till' •■ < iikIiIi'SS n\' Mi'l iV, " till' K'siili'lic'i'
nf till' \'ii I'liiy, ami tlir rniii'j^i', jail, iVe. 'I'lir N'irrlny's
|iilarr lianlly iIisii'M's tlir iia : lull is llkr all llirir
|ii|lilli' I'rsiili'lici s, lllil Hrrm lillill lllnrr Inr tillsrl aliil
slinw, tlian siilislaiilialily ami nimfnrt 'I'lir riirinsily
sliii|is ai'i' fiiUiif ivnry rarv iiii;. wiukI wurk ami tniiniM'
slirll, lirnlizu jjnnil-, alnl laii(i|iiril warr, fur wlinli l!ir
sriiiilili. iiii|iiirv. V'.'i' Imvr iinu'li l.i I.Mni i'imim lliin |iii.|.li'. Tlii'
iiMiil III llii'ir rivi'ps IS nillii'tul lii-li'iiil III I If It'll III u'i'ii' riili'
'M ilaria- iitiij in u-.il l.ir in niiiri'. 'riii> l.iir illi «illi lliiir
'iiMn;lii'ii|w, :in I prikliiiT h nrli iiiniilil. I ii y inlLit ill ir iiiu'lil
- il ami ii|'|ilv il riisli, iii«li' il .i|' «u<liiiir II iinn'.iiia In I'lr-
MIC nliitiiiii ; iiiiil, hIiiI U III III'. Ilii'» iili-ilul. I» 1.TIIH acri'ii of
iI'hit Tor nil ciilicr |Mn|Ki-i' lli.ni iiKimiri'. !
' I lie Cliini'iii' iiiitliiHl III >,.ti|i tj ., I'liinnii rri:il |iiinir is il i iiliil !
iiii I I'llrrliiiil. Wii ifivu an i».iiii|.li.. .Vi K'm rlinrt luni, iiiiii'«
nil ('iniiiil, mill lliiTP, lis .•!«'« I, i-ri', it siiinrliiiiis ln|i|>i'ni Iln'
Ihi' liiinki'ni iiri' iiiuiliji' in mi' t ihiir i".u'iii;i'nii'iils In ls."i.'i
■1 MTlll liallka WlTi' ill tins |M»itiiili, :iml MS llli' |Hii|ili' Wi'li' i.i'UVt I
liivis, iIh'v rliimiiiiriil \.M' I'lriiiisly ii' tlir nlliii's, mill rvrn iiiin
iiiiiiiril |iulliii|; il.iwn Ilir li.ni.rs. Tlii' im.li win t.i.i mnuii: f"r
'I iiiiiiluriiis. I In till' lirsl ihiy llii' M.liliiTH. w n sluinlil liiivi'
li.in rviiiU, 1. .iilil iMil l». tiiimiiriil, Imi i'iii>n._-li nirr asti'mlilisl
11. \t lUy t.i ,.|,.|,r th,. Mri'i'ls. mIihIi lli.y ilil i-ll'i rtimlly. In
Inliiiiilmu """«• »'li" wiTi' '111' liiru'i.,! Ii.ilili'is (if null's, unci liikinu*
iitlii'i-s primiiiirs' I lie In lu'inlin^' »,, c,|,).nl\ |i.rlciriiiiil in tlu'
inllilir sirifts, williiiiit tiiul, :iml nil I ltiiiI i -In liahini ; lull i
it «i'|i|Msl till! ni 1 tin- liuiika. .\ imlul lissnnl'ir riiriinlimslli'.
.1 I It. I
• ^Miiil an I'vi' till' Cliini'M' Imvp to liiiiiim's> nmy Is' liiiii;-iiii'il
I'ldii llif I'mt ili;it wliiji' till' Kn-ll«li tin I M.i'. I. .inliarcliiiL-
l'iini' II. lilt,' 'Miiniiiini iir sliciji Isrits itiTi' a>l cl;i\ Idin; picK'nclllli;
Iroiii slii|i III nil p. III, I <s'ilin_' I'lciit ami vi-gi'Uililoa lu lliu wtil >r>
»lici win liriii),' till ir liiiiiMM. I
Klin tin iw arliMtN Plijny ii s|Mi'ial fame. Tim Hritiith
( 'niisiilalr was nm .■ an nlil imiiiastriy. ami fmin it in a
liraiililiil |iriis|crit i>\' tile Inwii ami NiirmuiitlinK
iniiiilry. Tlirrr arr alsn llir liinlilliisl inni.astrry iif
( 'iitisliall, nil II lit'l^jlit l.t'ln IrrI alinvr tlir I'ily. A
w hair's Itintli saiil In In- riinlillni's, ami all nl'l Imlize,
Kaiil In lie ."ilKl yriiisi i,|i| wiih li tils I'mir iliilirs Inim,
.llnl llir Nillj;)!!! rrlll|i|r. Willi IWii rl ilinmtrlv cnrvt'il
riihlliilis (if ;;ialiili'. saiil In liavrtnsl t"J,<MIU -a |irntli
nimis sum, iniisiilrriii); llir i hi'a|inrss nf I 'liineM- wnrk-
nialislil|i. ('iimiii;{ liark frmii the ISak nver tliii
mniiastery. whiih is l.'.''ilill li ri alinvelht' inwii, we met
with ,1 ;;riil|t'maii tra\illiii){ in a wliri'lliarrnw' ' l»ct
|i M II We aflrrwal'ils liiiiml this In lit' hy iiii meillll
unusual, imli't'il, » litf lliai I'nws arr aiiinii;,' the iinliiiary
ninili's nf lians|iiirt fur liuniaii lirini{s in tlir ( 'elrstlal
l''.ill|illr 'I'lir mi.s»inliarirs |i|ffrl ihi'lll, nil arrnuilt nf
tliril rlira|inrs>. In all nllnl iiinilrs nf rniivrvalu'e, lint
w ithsi.iiiiliii); tl at they aif \rry lal l;,'iiinK. 'rriivrlliiii;
W llrrjiial I'liw s iiif rnlistiilllly tn lit' .si in in tllestlt'els
nf SliMlii;li. II ami Tirli t-iii. Tier ul lis in ihr erntrr.
:iml llir I'lliilit is St all i| nii tuie slile, ami is 'niintrl
]iii|sril liy his lia).'j,'at;t' nii ihr nthrr. What In slij
iiinre (III imis .iml an asi fi lalnril fart, Im that in .snine
piirtu nf ('liiii.i tlirrr arr « lirtlliarmws )irii|irllii| liy
.lUiils. Till' wril kimwii li.iM'lIrr ami missintiary Iliu;
(li'i'lareK In havinii s<'eii nnr When there is a ynnil siile
wiml, nr it is lilnwiii',; a ^'.i r 'r'nii lirhiml, thr lahniirs
nf llir whti'lrr art- siin,'iil.ii ly fnililateil liy siieh ii
1 1 run "s
Nt'M iliy wr lanir il i^»ii ihr rivrr lhrcni;;h .i richly
1 IlllivatrtI rtilintiy. nlni Itslimril nlir ('nlllsr iihilijf
thrrii.ist nf llir tnn-t ilrli^riy |iii|iiilalril |iln\ilit'i' iit
< 'liilia. |iasl Wan rliilli. wlirif a Inlrialilr tiailr in sra-
.sail ami alum wis i^'nl up l.ilrly. iinlil wr .sl;;lili'tl llm
lililr sarifil island nf I'liin .iml the Chiisan umiip ;
I hiisaii is a lar;,'r ami liraiiiil'iil isl.iml, with iinlilr
iiiminliiiis ami lirlilr \ illrV'- -Icipiii'.' In thr sea. N'mi
rrai h thr hal Imiiinl Tlictihil tin. cll'.'h lial rnw rh.'innrls iil
rntky islrls It is a small plarr nf JO, inhaliilanls.
! he purl is iiii|irr;;iialilr in ^'nntl hamls. ami is a liiir
hai'l I nf ri'fi|i.;t'. Thrill. ml ^.'I'nws enlttui (hut lint
niiirhi, ami thr I'rtiiii iicf. ulilili prntlnrrs a strung
lililr ealialilr tif lieitiy wmkeil Vriy liiir. Thelf is also
a palm llfr ;;rnwiiii{ lure. Iinm ihr lir,nls i\\' whiih
a stl'niii; lilirr is nlilaiiird, whiih ihr | plr iisr In
liiakr lial^ anil cnats >ii Inr laiiiv wralhrr Thr ;,'rriii
trii shiuli is every wlirrr riilti»alri|, ami llir lallnw
Irer is aliiimlalit, as wt|| as thr .aniphcir Inr. Ilrrr
till' ('liinrsr shiipkrrpris ha\r ailnplril Kiii^lisii uainrs,
ii.'i "Sliilt/., I iilnr. fi'niii l.tiiiilnii ." " I'liiik iiia.si rr, lailiir
to thr .Viiiiy ami Na.y , ' " llnhlis. urnrrr.'' There are
II niiinlirr nf •■ Iniilrsmrii tn Inr .Maji siv,"|i|ic| wr Inanl
xt\! line, ('liini,' Kae^, iliaii;.'ril intn '•.Inhn Kini;. tailnr
tn llir .Mn.^l (irariniis Majisl\ t/iireii \'iilnria ami
His Itnyal lli;4linrs.s rriinr .Mlirrt. liy appninlniriil .'
ISelnW wits It Min;{le Wnnl. iiii'f'iiniin '/nl i/rnrriiiliniin.
Their lanmiajie is a inixliiir nf l'iirlii;;U('.se, .Malay,
HrliUalr.se, iilnl I'l^mn Knu'lish. Must nf tile ill
haliitaiils earn a liviii;; hy ni.ikiii); salt nn the shtu'i'.
Thr pt>.ssrh.siiin nf I 'hllsan is a |,'lf.ll plnlrrllnli In iilir
tratle with the iinrth, ami imw th.it we have it
(■nee iiinre. we shall lint leaM' it. It slanils rrlitral In
ililpan ami (/'nrril. Thr sicklirsn nf llir Kin>lish tl p.s,
wliilr tlirrr. was atlrilmlalilr In llinr liaiiarks l)rin){
plarrcl in a niar>ll, ili-lratl nl'mi tin' hilU .ilici\t' In tlio
sprillL,', ( 'hlls.lll is nnr nf ihr I I In alll Mill |s|a||i|H ill
the wurlil, ami rt'iiiiml.s iisnf Kn^laml. In the luuruiuj^
, ^ « ' ^^ =\ tJS ■
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)
4.
1.0 ^'^ I
I.I
2.5
1^
^■^■-
2.0
1.25 1.4 ||.6
^
6"
►
iJ
Photograph]
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 873-4503
\
V
<r
^^
fv
o" ^ ^f^
^
■^
.1 I
:hl
'ii i
ill'
''^.
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
1«»
the gni.ss sjiiiiklcs with tin- ilcw, tlic air is tiioi uml
rrtrcslmij;, ihr l)ii<l.s mii' siiii;ii.j,' in ovci-y Imsli, ami
llowet's are liaiigiiijj in gnucfiil tcstniiiis tVoiii the trees
mul hedj^tw.
We rcsimied mir voyage, anil when we rose next inoiii-
ing, toiiiiil ourselves in tlie shiillow waters that noted
the iiioutli of the Yang-tsekiang — a river l,.")(l(l miles
in navigahle length — coniiiig down here IVom the very
liacklione ■it'Cenlral Asia, ami running through <1(IO,000
si|Mari> miles of niidland ('Iiina The first laml we saw
wa.s till,' island of Woo sing, which has 1 n gradually
fornieil from the dehris of the " Itiver Child of the
Oeean." Shi|)|iiiig of every class were scudding in and
out, and at Woo-sing were lying half-adozeii oiiiuin
slii|)s — a V' it to which was enough to give you a
lieadache for a week. A floating lighthouse marks
till! entrance to the Wang-hoo river, seven miles n[)
which lies Shanghai ; and with the tide in our favour,
and a light Kreeze, we merrily worked our v. ay, assisted
liy a crew of (.'liinese hoatmeii — iiim' of whoni were at
the rudder — sailing in a laniydookiny, hamlioo masted,
lattecn-.sailed, .square at hoth sides, and high in the
middle cou.structed craft (a hou.se lioat). past the dam|>,
s.vain|iy, Kssex-lookiug cnast. pant the mountains far
;iway from the river's li.ink.s, till a missionary village,
«iih its tiny church, a gnod, substantial residence, ami
a do/.cii nmre well liuilt hou>es, liroke the monotony.
.Now we push past the l.-irge sipiare mansions of the
ineriliant residents at e.icli corner, and land at the
Custom House, in the Knglish port.
X.— SIIAMGHAI.
Sir.woirAl is the most northerly of the five ports at
which foreigiu'is i\vt\ now perinilteil to trade with the
Clilm'se It is situated al><>ut a hundred miles in a
northwest diroctiim from the islaml of Chiisaii. 'I'he
city stands on tin- 'laiik of a fini' river, almut twelve
miles from the point where it joins the celelir.ited Yang-
tsekiang, or " lliver Child of the ( )ciMn." The Wan-sii
river, as it is generally e:ilh-d liy foreigm'rs, is as wide
at Shangli:ii as the 'riiaines at lioiidoii fridge Its main
chainiel is ilee[i, .ind easily navigated, when known, hut
the river ahounds in long iinid hanks, dangerous to
large foi'cigii vi.s.sels, utdess they happen to go up with
a tiiir wind, and manage to get a good pilot on board
at the entrance of the river.
'i'hc city ut' Sli.ingiiai is surroutidcd with high walls
and ramp.irts, built upon the same plan as all other
('liiiicse fortificiticins nf thi.s kind. The circuinfi'i-eiiee
of the walls IS .iboiit. three and a half miles, and the
greater part of the inside is densely studded with
houses; the suburbs, particularly all along the side of
the river, are very extensive Although tlu^ gates of
the city are closed soon .ifter dark, the people are
allowed to pass through afterwards on the paynuuit of
a tew ''cash." When tin; g.ite is o|icii to one a whole
crowd are ready to rush throuudi along with him, the
first oidy paying the "cish." Such 's the custom; so
th.it if a poor man comes to the gate he has only to
wait until om^ richer than himself ariivcs, when the
fee heieg |iaid, they pass through toiiether. Joss-
houses are met with in all directions, hoth in the city
ami suburbs; at certain |)art-i on the ramparts also
these temples are built and crowded with idols, where
the natives come to burn inc use, bow the knee, and
engage in the other cereimmies of heathen idol worship.
Fortune-tellers and jugglers are also in great rcijuest.
ami r<'ap a rich harvest by working ii]inn the credulity
of their countiyincu. Yon meet the.-e characters in all
the streets and public si|nares in Shanghai, and, what
is verv strange, the niit'i-sniii/s or theatricals, lif whidi
the (,'hincse are particularly fmid, ale frcipiently exhi-
bited in the temples
The streets are generally very narrow, and in the
day time are crowded with people .-ictively engaged in
busine.--s. The merchandise, wliiih is the most striking
to a stranger walking through the streets, s silk and
embroideiy. cotton and cotton goods porcelain, ready-
made clothes of all kinds Ixautifnlly liiu'il with skins
and fur. bamboo pijies, six feet long, and, nicely
arranged in the shops, ]iictures. bronzes .-ind mnncrous
curio>itv shops for the sale of carved bambno orna
meiits, old pieces of porcelain, and things of that kind,
to which the Chinese attach gicit value Ibit artich's
of fiiod tiirin iif course the most extensive trade of all ;
and it is sometimes a dillicnlt matter to get through
the streets for the immense ipiantilies of fish, jmrk,
fruit, and vegetables which crowd the stands in fiont
"f the shops. I'esides the more common kinds of
vegetables, tin' shepherd's jiulse and a kind of trefoil
clover ar(^ extensively used among the natives there,
and re.dly these things, when pinpirly cooked, more
particidarly the latter, are nnt bad. I »ining-rniims.
tea-hou.ses. and b.ikcr's shops are met with at every
step, from the ]ioiu' man who carries his kitchen or
bakehouse upon his back, and licats upon a piece el
bamboo to appiise the neighbonihond of his presence,
ai'il whosi' whole establishment is not worth a dollar,
to the most extensive tavern or Ici garden ci'owded
with hundreds of <'uslonicrs I'lV a tew t-ash ( IIIHd or
12(1(1, one dollar), a Chinese can dine in a sumptuous
maimer upon his rice, fish, vegetables, and tea ; and
hence, some travellers believe that in no country in
the world is there less real nn.sery and want than in
Uhiiiii. 'J'he very beggars .seem a kind of jolly crew,
and iire kindly treated by the inhabitants.
Shanghai is by far the most iuipurt.int station for
foreign trade on the coast of ( 'hina. and is, con.se-
ipiently, attracting .1 large shaK- of public attcntioi!.
No other town possesses greater advantages ; it 's tlie
gre;it gate- the principal entrance, in tint — totheChi-
nese empire. In going tip the river towaids the town,
a forest of masts meets the eye, and shows at once that
it is a place of vast n.itivu trade. Jiinks come here
from all jiai-fs of the coast, not only from the southern
pro\ inces, but al-o fioin Sli.in-tiing ami I'eiln-li : lliero
are. aKo, a eonsideiable number, aniiu.-lly. fioui Singa-
pore and the Malay Isl.inds '1 he (•oinehiiiice of
inl.ind transit is also unrivalled in any part of the world.
The cotintrv being, as it weie. the valley of the Y.ing-
tse kiang. is one Viist plain intersected by many beau-
tiful river.s. and these again joined and ( ro.ssed by
canals, nnny of tiiein marly naiural and others atu-
liendons works of art. (>"ing to the level nature of
ihe country the tide ebbs and Hows a gri'at distance
inland, thus assisting the ii.itiM's in the transmission
of their exports to Shanghai, or their imports to the
most distant jiarts of the country. The |iort of Shang-
hai swarms with bo.-its of .all sizes em|iloyeil in this in-
land traflic ; ami the traveller continually meets them,
and gets a glimpse of their sails over the l.lfid at every
step of his progress in the interior. Since the ]iort lias
been opened, these bo.its bring down lari;e ipiatititiesof
tea and silk, to supjily the wants of our ineichaiit,s who
have established tiiemselves iiere, and return loaded
II 'il::
t40
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
with the mamifacturos of Europe and A nu-rica, which
they have taker, in exchange. Our plain cuttou goods
artt most in deiu md atnongst the Chinese becanse they
can dye them in their own peculiar style, and tit them
for the tastes of the people. From wliat wo know
of the googr.ipliic il nature of the country, there
can be no doul)t that all the green teas, and
perhaps the greatest portion of the black, can be brought
to Shanghai at les.s expense than they can be taken to
Canton, or any of the soutliern t(»wns, e.'vcept, [icrhaps,
Ning-po ; and, a.s the tea-men incur le.-is risk in taking
their money home from the north, owing to the peace-
able nature of the inhabitiuits, this will be another
very great indue. Mnent to bring their teas to Shanghai.
People generally suppose the black-tea districts to be
nearer the port of Fu-chu i»u than either Ning po or
Shanghai ; but it must be recollected that very few of
the black teis now imported to England are from the
Bohea hills, as these teas are considered coarser, and
much inferior in quality to other kindi;, which are from
a very different country much farther to the north, and
on the northern siile of the Groat Mountain. The large
silk districts of Northern Chin i are close at hand :
there can be no doubt tliit a largj proportion of that
cocnmodity, in a raw state, will be disposed of at
Shanghai. Taking, therefore, all lhe.se facts into con-
sideration, the proximity of Shanghai and other large
towns, Han;,chu, Su-chu, and the ancient capital of
Nankin : the largj nitive trade, the convenience of
inland transit by m (ins of rivers an I canals ; the fact
that teas and .silks can be brought hero more readily
than to Canton ; an I, lastly, viewing this place as an
iminen.se mart for our cotton mmufictures, which we
already know it to be — it is easily under <too 1 how it
not only rivals C mton, but ha-s becom ; a pla ;« of far
greater imp irtance An 1, when it is ad. lid that the
climite is heilthy, th;; natives peace.i de, and foreign
residents respected, and allowed to walk and ride all
over the country to any distance not exjeedin.; a day's
journey, it will be acknowledged that as a place to live
at, it hits many alvanlages over its southern rival.
As an agricultural country, the plain of Sli,in'.;hai is
by far the richest which is to be ^ecn in China, and i.s,
perhaps, unequalle I by any district of like extent in
the world. It is one v.ist bjautiful garden. The ' ills
nearest to Shangh li are distant about thirty n.iles.
The.se have an isolated app.sirar.ce in the extensive
plain, and are not in>retlian "'''d or .'500 feet high All
the rest of the country is ,i v ist level plain, without a
moimtain or a hill to break tli.i m )n otony of the view.
The .soil is a rich daep loaui, an I produc-s heavy crops
of wheat, barley, rice, and c )ttoii, besides an immense
quintity of green vegetable crops, such as cabbages,
turnips, yams, carrots, e.rg plants, oucumb -rs, and other
articles of that kind, which are grown in the vicinity
of the city. The land, altho'.i,di level, is gonei-ally
higher thin the villeys a iiongst the hills or the
plains round Nin.jj)), an I. con.sequently, it 's widl
lulapted for the cultiv.ition of cotton, which is, in fact,
the 8ta])le production of th,' di.strict Indceil, this is
the great .Vankin cotton country, from whi(di large
quantities of that article are generally sent in junks to
the north and south of China, a.s well .us t" the neigh-
bouring islands. Both the whitt? kind, anil that called
the " yellow cotton," from which the yellow nankeen
eloth is miule. are pruiuced in the district
The soil of this district is not only remarkably fertile,
butitgricuiture liuiiuia moruudvanced,aud beumu vreuter
resemblance to what it is at home. Farm-yatv s are
here to be met with, containing stacks regularly ouilt
up and thatched in the same form and manner as we
Knd then, in England ; the land too is ridged and
furrowed the san)e way ; and were it not for plantiitiona
of bamboo, and the long tail , and general costume of
the natives, a man might ainuet imagiiu; himself on
the banks of the Thames A veiy consiiUi'able jH)rtion
of the land in the vicinity of the town is occupied by
the tombs of tlie dead. In all directions large conical
shaped mounds meet the eye, overgrown with long
grass, and in some instances ]>!.' iited with shrubs and
flowers. The traveller here, as wtll as at Ning-j>o and
Chu.s.in, con.stantly meets with coffins placed on the
surface of tlu; ground out in the Kelds, carefully thatched
over with straw or mats to j)re.serve them from tho
weather. Sometimes, tlumgh rarely, when the relatives
are less careful than they generally are, coffins are met
with broken or crumbling to pieces with age, exjiosing
the remains of the dead. Coffins of children are met
with everywhere, are raised from the ground on a few
wooden posts, and caretully thatched over to j)rotec*
them from the weather, reminding the stranger thai
simie parent, with feelings as tender and acute as his
own, has been bereave^t of a loved one, whom he,
perhaps, expected should eluer and support him in
his declining years, and whose remaiiss he now carefully
watches. Those in the higher ranks of life have,
generally, a family burial i)laue at a little distance
from the town, planted with ry])resses and pine trees,
with a teni|)le and altar built tn hold the jos.ses or
idols, and where the various religious ceremonies are
jierformed. A man with '.lis family is sttitioned there
to prot(!ct the place, and to burn candles and incense
on certain high day.s. Others, again, are interred in
what may be called ]iublic ce.iietiries, sevend of wdiieh
are to be met with in tho viciidty of Shanghai The.se
are large buildings, each containing a certa'n number
of spacious halls o" rooms, and having the ' offins placed
in rows arouml the sides.
Since Europeans have established themselves along
the coast of China, Shanghai is miiformly considered,
of all sfKiti--, the plea.santest as a residence. With a
society almost as mnnerous as Ilong-Kong, there is
much agreeable .social intercourse, owing, no doubt, in
a great measure, to the fact that it is the ultima tliuJe
of civilisation and Ikus not yet been forced into exclu-
sivene.ss by miscellaneous hordes making it a house of
call ; while, jus a foreign community in a distant land,
it is not subject to those political di.s.s('nsions wh h so
often di.stract our own colonies. There is, moreover,
an air of sulistantial prosperity about Shanghai, ■which
occiusionally expands into magnificence, and displays
itself in palatial residences, and an expi'iisive style of
living ; but there is also, unhappily, a gloomy side to
the picture ; and there are years when an unfortunately
heavy venture in silk, on the jiart of the community.
resMilts in a corresponding reduction of crinoline.
Situated on the flat li.ank of the river, Shanghai
owes noiu! of its charms to the pictnii'.sque, but the
li.indsome houses which line the shore, for a distance of
two miles, give it an im|)osinga))])earanceas approached
from the sea. The English section of the town, though
not confined cxclusivelv to British siilijccts, is the
largest. It lit!s between the French and American;
((aeli of these diffi'fent cpiarters is inhabited by subjects
of other countries The boundarv of tht; Krenidi ciui-
cessiou is the city wall The city is nbout Ihrev inileti
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
141
in circumference, and contains a impulation i>f almnt I banks, books, and bar))rrs ; some pnlishinp stnm- (ir-
300,000. Shanjjbai is diicfiy Cflcbrutcd for old i-hina,
inlaid copper, and otlier objects of "vertu," which it
imports from Su-chii, to meet the European demand.
It has suffered a {food deal from the ocoipation of the
rebels, and its nice famous tea-{;ardens are now a ma.ss
of grotesqu' ; rock-work and debris, but little frequented,
and which in their best days must liave been rather
quaint than pretty.
We will now take a chair, and proceed to ins])cct
the town. We find the foreign settlement situute on
the river-bank. The buildings (or hongs) are very
large, and two storeys liigh, with upper and lower ver-
andas, and eacl surroundetl with its garden, liehind
thein are the tea and silk warolumse.s, or "go-downs,"
as they call them, some a hundred and tliirty feet in
length by forty. The English merchants in China take
pride in their elegant furniture, and choice pictures aud
engravings. How wonderful is China ' we kept on ex-
claiming, as we jostled in company with a learned doctor
throuj^h the city. It took three miles to bring us to a
gate, and all the way through athickly-peo])led district,
pa.ssing countless men, women, and children, all hurry-
ing on with loads of vegetibles, baskets of fowls, and
various bundles of teas, silk, itc. In one street, we
went into a cofHn-tnaker's manufactory — coffins are
matters of compliment in China, they make presents
of them ahd keep them for yeara ; and a joss paper-
maker's, where we saw the pap<T shaken out on a
■ieve (they have no machines), and the pulp made. The
Chinese method of making pa])er is the same as Kooji's
famous patent. Koop had been in China and Japan,
and seen it made, and Koop really ma<lo pajier out
of deal boards In the canals here you may see large
ipiantities of bamboo partially covered with mud .so as
to be ])re.ssed under water These were intended to
be made into ]iaper, after they had been soaked for
some time. The process of making paper is carried
out as follows: — After being s()ake<l for some time,
the bamboos are split \ip and satur.ated with lime and
water until they have become quite soft. They are
then beaten into a ]n\\]) in mortars, or, where water-
])ow(r is at hand, : s in the hilly districts, the beating
or stamping p^l<■e^8 is done I^ means of stampers,
which rise and fall as the cogs, which are j)laced on tlio
axis of the water-wheel, revolve. When the mass ha.s
been reduced to a fine pulpy substance, it is then
taken to a furnace and well boiled until it lias become
quite white, and is then made into j)aper. The fine
stuff is used for writing and drawing pa]iers, the
common for biown, and for cutting up in pieces to
be used by biulders in their mortar.
Here we come to rice and corn mills, and there you
would fall in with a whoie row of blacksmiths, car-
jtenters, umbrella- makers, rope nianufactorii\s, boots,
shoes, tailoi's, b<K)kbindei's, now anil then .'i barber,
shaving with liis two-inch chi.sel of a razor over a
pastry-cook's — cakes frizzling in thi" pan. Further on
we came to a beautifid street, wider than tlie rest —
say ten or twelve feet - gaily cap.irisoned with gaudy
swinging signs t)f boards or ])asteboard, coloured cotton
or metallic signs, the several characters noting the
name and style of the firm standing o\it conspicuously,
com])letely lined on both sides with wholesale and
retail tradesmen, cloth goods or ready-made clothing,
beans, peas, and rice in one shop, and caps and silks
and cloths in the next ;, pictures and prints, cook-shops
and eating-houses, curiosity-Miongers, pawnbrokers,
naments, some grinding corn and rice, some kneading
dovigh with the |H)t swingii.g ready to receive it, while
others were engaged in counting cash at some ex-
change-house, smoking o]iiuni in an hotel, or drinking
samshu in a pothouse, and an occasional beggar
got up in the best )iossible .,i,y'e with rags and vermin,
.sons and filth, jierson exposed, and mud balls stuck on
his forehead, yelling at the to]) of his voice rounil
some aristocratic tradesman's ]ilace for nioni'V, and the
jioor shopman dare not drive liim away, for the pro-
fessional beggar is like a fellow.sliip ])orter, licensed
to bog by government, and you can only get rid of
him by giving him 'cash.' They then go on to tlie
ne.xt, and before night, collect enough to buy some
rice, drink a cup of samshu, and then get drunk
ov(T their ojiium ])ipe. I'assing along this thickly-
shop])cd street, w<' dived down a small lane and into a
bathing house, where the ]>oor come at all honre and
take a bath for less then a tiii'thii ,. Each bather has
a little box for his clothes, an<l an obsequious servant
to help him to dress, and, if he chooses, a cup of tea is
near at hand. Some, only half di-cssed, were lieing
operated upon by a corn doctor —and they are at home
in such science — others were a:giiiiig and talking wis-
dom, and some singing wild ai.d ji.i.-^.sionate songs. We
chin-chined out of the steam as fa.st as possilde, and
next visited one of the opium dens (see p. 128,) which
are in every street. There were abo\it a dozen
poor besotted creatures in dilVerent stages of in-
toxication, and some lifelessly stretched njMHi the
Hour. About the room were bciichts, and one or two
couches, where, lying down, re.-ting upon their elbows,
with a little rushlight befnie them, they insert, with
a long needle, one of the little balls into the end of
their pipes and smoke away, letting the smoke dis-
a]ipear, usually, thro\igh the no,stril.s. Tiie opium is
handed to them in a 'ittle ciqt, about the size of a
thimble, and they are allowed to make themselves
intoxicated for a farthing.
Further on we came to t' e English M issionaries'
Church, built of stone. From here to the Chinaman's
joss liou,se, where we found a large hall, entered by a
spacious court, in the middle of which wa.s a large
bronze cup, with ;ie names of those whohad subsciilied
to it engraved tin its sidi — a penny s\d)Pcription monu-
ment- — a curious relic of two hundred years ago. The
outside of the temple is ado'ned with quaint designs of
birds anil anim-ds; in the niside were great gilt wooden
statues of l?iidilha, in his three forms, the i)ast, the
present, aiul the future. Besides these were other
forms, larger than life ; youth and age, happiness and
mi.sery, ])eace and war, the pregnant woman and
the new born babe, laughter and sorrow, and
numerous other emblems, cajiitally and vividly
executed in wood. O]pposite the No. 1 god were little
sticks to burn homage, and jo.ss paper to set on fire ; —
and that is their idea of worship.
Again, we are off to the ('o\irt of Justice — a clean,
dignified room, witli a Mandai'in, whii.se whole mien
bore unmi.stal;tiilile marks of antboritv, sitting in the
.seat of the jui';g ,ith jiolieenien and assistants, oHicials
and clerks on every side ; but the jirisoners with chains
aboiit their legs, anil arms tied behind them, wen
waiting their trial and decision of the judge. One man
was u]) in the criminal box, but the .system of exami-
nation wa.s so cruel that we coidd not bear to witness
it, Firat, the guard struck him fiercely over th»
I¥
I i
I I
H
ill"
In ' '
:J ; I; 1 s
143
ALL ROUND TMR WOULD.
iiiiMil'i willi ;i IiMiiiliiM) olTii-iiil sliitr till' |iiii>i' wri'li'li I fiiniji' it w.is i>l' Ml) iiviiil. 'I'lic l:iws in the city iliiriiii»
s'lirii'Uiiii; witli |>:iim ; llic ntliir |iiiMiiiifs .ill ilir wlnlc , llirir sliiy witc tlmsc of tin- 'I'riMil SoiMrlv ,i .siiniifj
stiiliil .iliil ni'lilli'li'lil s|'ri'l,ilii|s, mmI kliinvilii; wlm ciiih' iniMllI t' I'liiinnuli sciisr ,'iii I I. Iirli Justin'. 'I'llt!
next. A Itcl'W.iiiis, Mihillu'i kin 1 ol' l.ii'tui'i' \v:iN I'l'siirli'ii I'liiiri'lii's were ri'S|i"rli'il, •■iinl lln' rtii|it'rii|''s |iiii|Hrty
tn, til,. i;ii:ir.l Ml ikih',' t lie criniiiril kiici'l ilnwn « itli liis iintMUclii'ii. 'I'licy I'l'iiniiiuril i'lnkiiry mihI prnrkiiim i|
li;iii(N :iliin,' liis lii'iiil, in m posilinn wliii-ji cMcirli'ii llic «iii'slii|i d' tlic I'liii' < Iml. 'Iln' ciii-r « Im ullini.id 1\
\('lls .if .ii;,iii\ , I 111' 111 Il;i' aiiil t 111' "llii iriU .ill "('.'iriML; ii ' tiiiik ('niiiiiiMiiil \\:is a t';inli>ii m-u' lunkiT. wIiu lin<l
limk III' llii' ill'ii'Wt 111 lilt'i'iTln r A lllllc I'lrllii'l'iili tlli'l'i' stMltcii lln' 'ri'iiiil l.ml'^'ral Sli,niL,'li:ii ; iimvllu'r iradi'l'
wiTi' l« 11 riiiiiiii iK « II li larm' linlls aliniil I ln'ii' iirrks, , was ii t,'ri'i'ii Ira lii'ukri' I'lir lir>.| liyliliii;; rliicf
aiil till' kaii'4 la l.ii'i^i' M'liai'r iiiri'r nl' plank) liniiu; was :\ yniiii;; L;riiiiiii. wlm liail sriM'il in llii' Hiilisli
rniiiil llnir inrks. Tin' wiiuli' ~i'riiiri| a larrr -a mix ( 'niisiilati' slaliirs at Aiiiny ami l''iiii rlmw. 'I lii'V
liMi' 111' liriUal iTili'llv with rcliiiril li ii'li iii^iii lii'lnw ' iliij as llii'y plrasi'il, ami lln' pcnplc iliil iml npi hsi
lire prisiuii'i's ill liastinaijii -a jail ;:riivvlJnL; ami llu'iii. I lie Kri'iirli pirkiil a ipiarril vmiIi liiiii
liiiwlin j; in llii'ii' I'l'iiwili'ii I'l'ils liki' III' iss. ami I'l inkiii',' ainl attai'ki'il liiiii. Iml wcii' rrpiilM'il At last lli"
llu'il' I'll lins. Wi' will i-liiiiiji' I In' sii'iir l.i a Ih'I Iit phase n 'I iris Miiri'mli'n'il tn I In' l''ii'mli, wlm ;;a\ r lliriii up In
lit' Cjiiiii'si' lil'i' -lliir Iviii'vnli'iil iiisi it iiiiuns. IIiti' Vi'li. ami llif Iniprn ilisis I rnki' inin tlir invvn, wlinli
Villi M'l- till" laiiii', till' Mill 1. alli'inl lilts, iiiirsi's, ilii.'i.ii'.s.' lln'v rill.'ij. lii'licailiin; ami n iil.ilii.i,' l.'nn miii
all aiiaii'^ril in tlu' styli" ut' uiir nwii linspit ils, cvitv t'liin all Lin rnl liis «,i\ lliiiiiii;li ami iiiailr liis way tr
tliiiii; I'uriii-lii' 1 l>v till' I mpi'i'i il in ii^ii iti' ; ill • p.-iliriils Siain ; w lirir In' was last lii'aiil nl as a I'aMHiiitr nl' I In'
an" iiinmi'iMis .ill kimlly 1 1 1' r 1 Wc alsn visit ij i In- kiiiij;. Ili'was .saiil In In" It aunril w itli a i^iral pirati'
I'itv I'll iril V 11 1 -SI', aii'l .'I pi'iv ih' ill ii'il V liiiii^i' I'm' i he ; party ut ii.i\,'il rrlnis. ami was umi' ilir .-aiisi' m' sa\ ins;
ilistri'.-^i'il p ml- ; aU'i .1 I'liiinlliiii,' h.i.ipil il. w ji'i'i' a lill Ic i.'ij;n'it many han^lisli Hm's, liy I iIimn in^ ilicplini nl
ili'.iwri' in ihe sii||. nl' ilir li,iii-.r hi'i'i'ily lariin; tin' I tin- ('liiiii'si' ,'nliiiii'al In liaM' s.-iilnis i'iii;.iL;ril In w nrk
sli'i' I. ^np,.in'l nil ilii- riii'^'ini,' nl' ,1 li..|| ami Innk the i Inrrliis In Maran. .iml llirii sri/iii^ lluiii ni'.ir N.iimi.i
lialu. ili-i'riii ili'p isili',1. iiiln .i imhii wliiTi' !i inirsc .'iml I'lilliii;,' nil' llnir Inails Imlln' ii-w.'iiil! I''aiiry
was .-iKv ay s w.iil ill;; willi .i lil.iiiki'l. .\-- wi' i-iilri'i'il. , .-in I'",iil;IisIi ailiiiii.il ^mnL,'u:ll"~ llm In'ails nl' ir
till" niii'si's. nii-li «i(li .1 iliiM in In'i' .inn-, ran aw.iv . I'liciiiii's in iliis rasinnii ! 'I'ln' inins nl' tlir Inn
tViijliirm'.l \\ ilil iini laki' I 111' I'liil'li'i'ii ill niirai'iiis, I ilislrii'l I'lixni'ii iii:iii\ anrs. .iiiij ilir « nnili i- is. aslln
t'nr I'l't'iain sin ill. In in;; I'ras.ms nt' lTI'i'iI a.'tivily 'IMii' i tin' was st.irti'il in sn many pninls, lli.il ilm wlinliiii\
rnnuis ai'i' I iri;i'. sun,' nl' lln'in III In i vvil li nMi-r cliiMri'ii. was lint ilcsli'nyi'il W r saw tin' w.-ilK w In in tin' l''ii ii. Ii
ami wi' sjiw tlifv lia I liiliy jiiiiipi'rs i-vnii in t'liiiia waslnl tlirir caiinnli li;ills ; it was like lirini; tliriiiii;li .-i
rili'ii wi' li'I'l llic rnii:iiiliii;;s. an 1 w.ilki'il llii'nii'.;li iiini-i' pii'i'i' nl" innrliir ; llm ti-iiipli' was piiri'ml lliinin,'li ami
sli'i'i'is. ,ivi"r il ii;-s|,im'-,-ai|.| liricks. Ill 111,' siippi'i'y wiili llimn^li. ■.niiipli'li'lv liilillml. 'I'ln' t'lnni'si' rnlii'ls.
till- I'nuslaiit In'.ni nl' liii~y I'l'i'l. .iiiil siw sniiu' triiipli's, slalmmil in Iniililinys. nvrii wlirii' tlm walls wiii-
aini p irt nl'llii' I'ily w lii.'li w IS liii'iii ij.iw il wlii'ii '111" liii I wraki'st, pastcil p.ipir nvrr ilir Imli s inaili' liy llin
pi'l'i il li'.inps lii'nvi' ill' ii'li 'Isniil nl' .'^li in._r|iai aiiil mill' I l''n'i It'll naliiinii, ami liii'il llirniiyli lln-m. .\ t 'iiiii| any
lii'i'i'il ami plniiili'ri'.l ihi' 111 1/ 'lis t lii'y r inii' li I'rs.'in'. nf l''inml, .Maiiiics wrrn iimwi'il ilnw n li\ slml liny
Till' I'l'lii'ls wi'i'i' 111' r 11 piiii,''s iiii'ii. lull nii'inlii'i'-i nl' llu" i I'niilil lint lr;ii'i'.
Trial 1 S. •. ii'l \ . — mn' nl' f Iw si'rr.'l i'niispiiM,.i,'s nl' (Miiiia. ! ^^ i' am nnw iipnii llir I'm ml. a lin.nl rmliankiiii nl ;
Tlii'y I'aiiii' in jmiks II'. 1 n l'"n k rii ami l '.iiilnn.iiml I'nn^lil nii mn' siiln tin' w iiln ii\i'r. ami mi 1 1 i In r I lir Hi nt;-,
wi'll. t'l'i'ipi 'illlv 111 ikiiiLj siii'i ic>. an.| ki'i'pim,' up a ;,'nn I i;n ijnwns, nr w.iii'lnnisrs nl llm I'miiuii iin'iili.iiils.
tii,'lit, :.''iil nr :>IH) a!.'iiii-l tli ui-imU nl'iju. I ..ipi'rialist.s willi tin' Lrmat t'liimsn Cn^inin llniisi' in rrniil nl' all
riii'ir li^'liw liriii,' ill --kiiMn^iiin^ ni'il.'r, tlii-ir ri't.ri-.ils j (.<">' p iUT), Il is ln'm ilial tlm I'lnylisli. l-'iiinli, .-iml
were I'lirinusly man. i'..;i'il - nui- v.iani^ u lln\.- in ml ki'i'p- .^iin'iii'aiis jiay nr rli rl tlnir nw n nlliii'is In rnllni
in;; mi tin' ri^Iil. .imi .-in il Imr in Mm' nn iln' Iri'i I'lisimns i'nr tin' Kinpi rm- i T ( liiiia. ami limni' SliaiiL;liai
Tlii'st' nii'ii kept inniiii; nn larli ll.ink. I'l' rnst knpl istln'nnly pml w Inii' tli.' ilni \ is n ally rnllri'icil. rMiy
up il lii'i' I'l'mn thi' i-i'iiln' Tit,' I inpi'rialisis w.-isinl wIuti' nksn llii' ('liim'sr nlliiia, liiiiiL; luilu'il. ami
t lii'ir shut mi i In' I >v.i llaiik ninii, w li i appnirml ilarim^lv I In' < niM'rmiiciil. clnaicil m-.i nl liull'. Kvi'rv liniisn mn -
at intervals wi\ii|.4 ilmir lla'.;s. Tin' rrli,! iiiiil'nrni pln\ s a 1,'a lasli'r ami a silk luiyrr. wlm iii:.ki's tlic pur
was liki' tli.it nl' til,' ( iarilialili vnlimti'i'i-s rnl, yi'llnw, i I'liascs nn liis imliviilii.il ji..|j;mriit ; aili i~ a rr;;iilar
m- Mill' l'l.iil~i's -line i;amly .ilnin's, "nl tuilmis, m- reil - lirnli',ssinii nl tselt, ami leipiiies years nl' si mly. S
s islns .\ll w.'i'e I'leir liaii- in a I nil nu ilieei-iuMi nl' lli ir assis:..iits make ill ir li'rtiiiie.s. 'I lie silai ie> nl
nn piL't liis I'luiiaii Ian. mie nt' ilie leai.iin; lii.'l's, elerk . vary trmii .l'|."plt In l'.")IIO peranniiiii- tlie lalier
w.iie sUnes. st.iekiiiL,'s, L;lines. .ami li.ints nt' l'ai;;lisli pl'iee I'nr In ink keepers nl Inn;; cxperieiiee. '! Iiese vnnis
la^liimi. ami liis men aiiiieil with miiskels. Millies, are entirely <'Xeliisi\t' nl Imiiselinlil expenses, w liieli art
li 'I'se-pistnls. ami rev.ilv rs. Iiei.'.irilin,' rille li.ills, tliev paiil Uy I lie linn, .ilmnl t' I -' ii liimilli Iniiii; allnweil,
wnre ilresses ■ ailile 1 w it li ll..>- silk. Inr tliev saiil tli. I w liieli u'ivi's the elerk u;niiil liMli;in.!;s. a ;;iiiiil lalile, ii
while ih' l.all hail a twi-t in it. it ean^'li' n| the silk , ennlie, chair, anil liny servant. .Ml.seem well satislieil
aii'l la-teni'i| it-ell' in the Lriniieiit, liet this tlu'y .saiil imlecd.
mily liappeiinl while the liall was revnU jui; ; at a Imii; I It is liy tin means ilisMi;reealile wnik tn rani;e
^^^^^ ! over the ;;.irileiis. liv wliieli all the w iielinii.-es are
i siirrniiinh'ii, .iml watch the t 'liiiiaineii Inr Innirs pre
' Mil' Clian-i' liivi' 1. :_■ .1., iiiiii>ti'n>il iirsi'iiii' ii,< a I'liri' I'm lev, r pi'rili;; the silk Inr ilispoi'timi. ami rattan, mark,
ami iicui'. rii'V liav. lUv . > ..|i|iii.i'ii lij.-i'iliiij- t'rvir. I'luy ami arrange the te.i Inr sliipiiieiil,— a iimst iii-
Icrcstiii;; sii;tit,- — ilniie sn rapiilU ami iiiLrcniniisly at
a Irilliiii; expense. iie\er inakiiiL; a mistake in ile-
livoriiii;, t'nr ' ic ileliMiinu is a s i.-ee^imi nl i hecks, —
first at the il nl — then at the i;alc, — ai'.iiii .t t.li(
itvaril till' ili'li us nil 11-,.; ili-easi', (wliii'li it isl, ami euro il >-",
all oiiitiiii'iii iliat kill., tin insi'i't. In skin ilisoascs tlii'v an- vii-y
skillitl. Tlii'» rxtnnt tei'lli witlimil liraniiii: llieiii: tiiit. tliey
liavi' i^iiaiini'i-.ilili' ,|iiiu'«iTio.s in tluMr iiriu'lii,-, iiini I'liiniiiiiiiul
''eliTii-om'.,!!. ua'il:,ini'» that iii'iilrili?o caili ,'tli.:'.
CHINA, oooniN china, and .iai-an.
Ufl
liiiijc iMiiit, — r.licl iHi« tlicii 111 I 111' s|ii|i, n yiiiali stick
It'll liip CMTV I'Mckll^r. '
' l''i|-(' 1" Out \M' ru-li, I'm- m lin' is t'vi'rywlicri' ii
liiiilli'i' 111' |il<'iisiii'.'iMr rxrilrnirlil, wlii'ii mil ill yinir
own liiiiisi' 111' yimi' iii'i^^lilMiiir's. Ilnw will tin' ('liiiicsc
iiiiiii:ii;r it ( lliii' rciiiics ;i I'.ri' i'ii;,'iiii', (ii li'^ul^ii' l!l'.iiil-
wiiiMJ, ll Wiilci- |l|'iii,'iiii,") mimI till- iilil iimli willi it,
jiisl, lis Mill wciiilil M'l' ill ji'ii'i'l >lii'i't. Till' 'ruin liiiii,
II ilniiii. Ih'mIi'Ii liy IIh' iiiiilit wiili'lnTs, is liriinl Imnl ii'i
inir llir 111 iL;liliiiiiiliiiiiil, Mini I'Vi'ivoiir nislirs ii|) with a
liin'ki'l, mill llii'ii' lire (iilis mul i islmis nl wiiIit |ini
vlill'il fur 111!' |ilir|iiisi' Ni'Xl riillir lln! f»"'"''l ~'"''
williiiiil, llii'iii till' lliii'vi's wiiiiM i^iitr till' liiiiiMi', mill
|iiill it iliiwii, iiiiil riiri'V iiw.'iy .'vni tin- iiiiitri'iiils Ilnw
rviT, lliiTi' i^iii'S till' I f. mill nil is (iviT, liiinit up ,is
ijiiiiUy as a 1 1,1 ml inn cliiiir ami In iiinnnw it will lie liiill'
liiiiil ii|i iiLfaiii, mill ill a wn'k, jiaiii nl alVi'sli, aiii|
•liiliii < 'liiiiamaii si'IIIiil; liis wans, aDil liu'iiiii;^ nvci'
liis rash as luisk as rviT. Tin' Cliiiirsi' liavi' a ri'^ulm'
Kill' lliii,'aili', willi i'ii};iiii'S mul iiiiirunii, piiiil I'lii- liy
till' |iiiliiir, ami Innki'il al'lrr liy tlir Maynr ami Tnwii
( 'ill I mil, w I 111 a ri' ii';;iilally I'l rtnl in (Miiiii'sc wariliunli's,
ami aiT miswi'ialili' In llii' Stair liir tlir t.axrs ill t.lii'ir
ilistiiil, ,is ari' alsn all tlic Maynrs nl' tlii' villiiifcs.
Tliis [irnvi's tlial till' ili\ isinii iutn litimlrcils anil
titliinns was liy iin iiii'misa Saxmi nr ( liTiiimi iiivcii'. 11,
MS niii' liistnriiins tcarli us.
Let. us Ciller tlic Kan|iar. nr tlicatrc nf lilciaiy
<'Xiuiiiiiatiniis,- ill sliiiit,, tlic " liislitiilinii" nl' tlic city.
' iMiiiiiiliirtiirini.' iiuliisli'v, like I'vi'ivlliiiit; I'Isi' in ' ''iim, is in a
utiitf III ili'i'iiy, niiit \isi1iiy ilri-liiiitii; IViiiii ilay ti> iV ,. .Mitiiy iiii-
)init:illt srrl'i-ts riillin rtt'il wit li it ari' I"-*!, iill'l llli' niiiHt .skilltll
»iirl<iiii-ii wmiM iiiiw lie inrnp.ilili' nl prmluriii:: llii' pi'rfi'Ct.ion aii'l
tiiiisli Ml imii'li ntliniri'il in tin' w<irKs uf pii^I au'i''*. 'I'iii^ wmh nut
iiIhiivs iIii' I'nsc, lial il ii ri'l'iTililc In llic ilis'ir^;iiiiisii!iciii (if all
tliiiit» iiiiiirr Ilii' Mniih'lin ^;nvrinnii'nl. In lonni'i' linii's nil ini-
piilsr vvas irivcii til ^ji'tiins ami imlii^lfv. An AimIi tr.ivi'liiT in
Oil' ninili cnitiiry tcIN ns tliry 1 .nl, cvi'ii llii'ii, iiiiii' iiiilnslriat
rvhiliilioiis. " 'I'lic ( 'Iiini'si'," III' Miys, "arc nl' all the rrca-
tnrcs nf lidil tliiisc wliii liavc must skill in tlic laiiil in.
all llial i-ciiiccnis llic ilcis nl' ili'sij^n ami laliricilinii, ami t'a
I'viry kiml nl' unrl- ; tlii'v arc rinl in Iliis nspccl snrpisscil liy
liny iiiili n. In Cliiiia, »licii a niiiii lias inailc aiiylliin;; wliicli ii<
niic else wnulil 111' alilc to make, lie cairies il to 1 lie rrnvcrmir,
(leniamlin:; a reeninpciiM' Inr tlic prii;_'ress lie Ins nriile in the art.
'I'llf i;n\rl'llnr inilnciliatcly nriicrs llie altirlc In lie plaecil lit till'
ilonr nl liis palace, ami Ui'. ps il llicre t'nr !i yc.ir ; if in tlic ennrM'
nf ihill I line ii'i line llmls II fault ill it, lie rewai'ils till- artist, ami
tiiKes liim inln his service; h.it if any real ilclect cm he pniiitcil
iMiI in I he wnrk, it is sent hack, anil im reivanl ^ivcii In the maker.
One ila\ a \nnii^ iiiiin liriiii;:lit a pieci- nf siU si nil'. 1111 which
was reprcscnlcil an car nf enrn, with a sparrnvv pcrcliiii;; nii il.
Nil niic, nil si'ciiij; it, cniihl ilniiht that it was a real c.ir nf enr 1.
anil thai a sparniw was leally silting' mi it. riiesliiit n'liiiiim'il
I'nr snmc time in the plai-c nf cxiiihitinii; at last a hnnipliicke'l
iiiaii came ami hi';;ali tn cril ii'isc t he perfnriiiancc. lie was imnic-
itialely ailinittcil tn the ^'iivcninr nf the tnwii, anil the artist at
llic since tiiiie was sent till. There they askcil the linm.niiichcil
caviller what In' hail In nlijcct tn; iiinl liu sail, ' I'lvcrvhnilv
I : ■" 1 '."cry well that a sparrmv eniild iint perch up in 1111 ear nf
inrii witlmnl niakiii); il heiiil ; iinw the artist li.is rcpre>cii cil it
ipiitc stiaii^ht, ami yet he has slinwii a spairnw prrelicil iipnn it.'
'I'lie nhscrvatinn was cnn>i(tcrc(l jiisi, ami the artist rcceivcil nn
rcMiiril. 'I'll!' piir|Kise nf the I'himsc in all this is In exercise the
tah'iits nf the artist, ami tn fnrce theiii tn retlccl inalnrely ii|»iii
what they ninlertaiie, ami In dcvnic the iitiiiosl pnssililc i'lirc ti)
the wiirks that issue frnni their liianls."
' 'riiclitci'iiry cxiiininalinns ari',liki'cvi'rUhiii;;else,ileL'Ciicriiliiii,'
anil siiikiii); 1(1 decay. 'I'liey Imvc 1111 Iniiucr the nmvc, cnrrccl,
impartial character lliat was ilmiiillc-s iinprcsscil mi tlieiii at the
time nf their institiitinn. The cirriiptinn lliiil hpreails cvcrv-
where ill ('liiini has fminil its way aninn;.' Imih examiners ami
exainiiicd. 'i'lic rules that niii;hl tn 1 l.si rvcl in the cxamiiia-
tiniifi urc ijtrcinoly slriii);cnt, willi a view in pn vcnl any kind if
I'rnud, iinil iliscovor the true merit nf the candniate; hut h\
TliiTc tlicy arc, all llic st.iiil(iifsi'rianL,'i'il at. liing tallies,
mill all willi tlii'ii' |i.i|ic:'s. ami tin- I 11 iiniii is tn liavc
till' liinli.sf linnnuis, nml In sciAc tin' '•lali' Is it sn,
lines till' la'st niaii win always t ami is the licst luaik-
iiimi till' Ih'sI tn .scivc tin- Stale. Sir ,liiliii Itnwriii^
savs nil ; Init llie |ircseiii stmy nl ('liiiiii ilnes nut fiwr
ureal ciiciiiirajjeineiit tn tlie i''i||i|ii't il ne system. U lull
is litis ilisluilmiice ( 'A eriip|icr liacliclnr' ilelectcil !
Siiiiie piiiii' sclinlar liiis taken llic name nl' a rii'li yniini^'
iiiiiii wliii A islies In pass, ami a rival lias ileiiinim eil liim ;
we ilii llic .same siiiiictiines at iiirnwn llniM- ( iiimils.
I'lill wliiil ate tliey leiuliiii,' mul wriliii;; iii'il tiilkink;
aliiiiil ( Wliat ill) they learn ( ('Ininislry (- Nn Miitli
einatics ( - -Nn. I,i|i;ie/ Nn. I ,alii,'iiiii,'cs ( Nu : —
The I'lmr (llassie linnks ami llie live iSnercil linnk.s '
cerlaiii liniincial inclhnds thev are ncnlraliscd. A rich iiiiiii can
always lind <ail hcfnrcliimd tie siihiccls prnpn-id I'nr Ihc vaiiniis
inipn-,ili'in , ; ;nid what is wnis,-, even the sitlli'at:es nt' theind^'c
'ire sdlil to tliil highest liiddcr. Ity the liy, ill t'liina, as 111
l'aiL:liiiiil, tiny man, hnwcvcr i^nniiiiit, is pciteelly at lihcrty In
set himself lip rs 11 schnnhnasier.
■' rhe .Seclinii, nr fmir linnks, cnlllaills 1st, the "tlraial, sillily;"
a kind nf treatise nii pnlilics and innriils, cnntpnseil I'rniii tli n-
I ciM* text nf ('iinfncins hy inie of his disciples, and the f^riind
principle i net ileal ed in it is sclf-inipinvi ineiit . 'riierc are seven pic
eepts and ten chapters nf ciaiiinciilary. I'lidty, the *' Invincihlc
Cclllre ; " 11 treatise ui the ci a id 111 I nl w isc li en in life, edited hy
a 'lisciplc nf ( 'nilflleill'., llecnrdillL.' tn illsl lint inns received t'rnni
niic whn was nf ihe niimh'a hiii.-ell. 'flic sysii ni nf ninirds cnii
laiiK'd ill ihislinnk i, hased nil till prniei)i|e that virtue is iihinit
lit all eipial distance frnm iwn ixlieiiics an hariiinniniis centre,
( 'hill;; pi 1 Ileitis' the snlirec nl the I r lie, t ) c hen nil fill, in id the ^ni si !
Ilrilly, " rhilnsnpliicd Cnnvcr^atiiiiis ; ' a cnlliclinn nf iiiaxims,
and rccnlleelinlisilf (lis ir-es nf ( 'nt.IlK ills with hi? pupils aninli^'
iiiaiiv vt ry w isc I hill:;' ue learn th.t II. e pn at rmilin ins w;is ;ih
mill 111 his ways as \\ isc iiK -a nsi.ally ale in ^'i iicral. 'Ihc Ami 1,11 ns\l
is called, iiitnrmiiii; as that the iniistir, in ilitrndncit^ his uncsts,
kept his arms stretehed niit like the wind's nf a liird ; that he
wniilil never eat meat that was nnl nil m a stiaipht Iim ; tlmt il
the scat nil which he used tn sit ilnw II wa^ lint rc^^nliirlv placed he
niiiild lint lake il and that he niailil pnint In iiiitliiii|; w it h his
liic.'crs. nil and 1 -1. " 'Ihc I inknf .\.iiiclns." nr Mcnj.- iszc, the
Siicniles 111 the I'lali cf ('nllliicins. lie In ills, k;i\ ., a ChiM'-e
writer, nil tie virtm s nf dnmcslic lite and II. c nidi ml allairs ; the
ililtics nf siiperinrs, finiil Ihe ^i.venien tn llic inwisi ina^'istratc;
the cares iil stndenls, laliimrers, trndcis, iiiid wnrkiiien; thccaris
(itllicpliysic.il »i) Id; nl the Ik livens aid ihc caitli; liiiils, linh,
heiisis, iiiM'Cts, and IIom i is ; alsn his disi niii-.i-cs w.th (.'rciit men ; Ics
iiislriieliiiii In hi., pii]>il ; iiiiil his cxpl..iiiilioiis nl hnnks eniiiaincil
llierciii.
.■\flcr tlicKccnnie "'Ihe I'lvc SiiiTed llnnk8,'''ir" Kind's." "Tl.c
Ihink nf t'liaiipes" an ni.ii.ti llipdite trcalise nil hivinatii.ns,
fniinileil nn enmhin.itiniis nl III lints, fniintl in atiatiiscs hack, hy
I'mi-hi, the fniindcr nf ('hii.cse t i\ ili/iitinn ('(i;iliiciiis eililcd the
hunk, hilt iiiaile it no casici tn f-ninptclicitti and I Ifill treatises in
explanatinii nt it that are in the Inipiiiid hhriiiy tu'Vc niily iiiaile
tlii'inatl,'r wnrsc. 2iiilly, *' 'Ihc ll'tik nt llisinry ; " the Hpccchc^
nf the Knipcri rs nf the tlill'iTcnl dvnaslii s, as liir iis ihc eitrhih
eeiiiiiry helnr ir era preciniis d. t iiinents In rhincsc hi^lnrieal
wrilcri. ;irilly. The " llnnk (if Snni.'s ;" „ ci lleelimi, »U„ nf lla.
v\ isc ( ■iinfiiciiis, nf iiat nral ami '" i nicial " sniies finni I heciphtcciilh
■11 till' third trciitnry hefnie ntir tin nf sniiic use as repiinls
anciciil itianncrs. Itlily. 'Ihc "llnnk nl liitcs;" l'rin;inciits nt
lessiiiis ill ftitpiette and jinUli Hess, ."iliily. 'Ihc " Itiink of SpliliL^
iiiid Aiitninn;" S'l cnliltcd a- liaviiiL: 1 1 en cnn nitncetl in the
I'nrnicr sea-nii, hy ('iinl'iicius, inn' linishctl in the latter — a kind
nf cniititry liistnry nf the lililc kiii'.iliini in wl ich lint jricat iiaiii
was hnrn a rcenrd an I a pielni f aiielenl ciisli.n.s.
The I'hiipi rnr call Hilly clmnsc his eivil au'inls Ireiii the let ten d
class. Kvcry Ciiiiic-e in ty prc-cnl himself In he ex .iiiiiictl I'nr the
third litii'iiry ilc^rrce, iitid liavili;,' altailied Ill's iniiy 1 cenliic cal.ili
dale I'nr Ihc secnnd, which npeiis In him nflicial cm piny incut . 'I hcte
arc nn mihilily except the cnipcinr's rclat niis whn wciir ycllnw
^'irdlcs, lint tin military inandaritis (jive Ihiinsclves ^reat iiirs.
The cnrpnraliiin nf lettered iicii 1 iiiis'itiilc a frivile^cd class.
The niitnls'r nf haehclnrs (ihc thirl de;:ice nf litMalnrc) is very
1 nn.-:deralilc ; lint, I'lr want nl rcsi . ices, pcciiniitiy as well ns
iiili lli.'liial, llierc ire very tc« w im uliaiii In the higher decrees
w^
ilj:l
I..:
j I'
1
1
1
it:
i !:
■J
!l
1 ,
1 ■■
1 •■
1
1^
i
ll
I!
''i
1 ■
i
1
j
1
. 1
|:!
V
14A
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
Forty niilos from Sliiin,!,'liai, uii tlir miin Ian,], twfU-.-
miles from tlii; sra-liorc. :iimI iip tlic liv.T Viiir' is
NiiiKlx., a i;ity of 3.)U,UU0 iuhabitants. Its grcator
Mtapic liriiiij timlicr, it has a lur^^c coiivoying and c)\r-
ryiii;,' tiiidf. Sii iiit'i'stcil is tin- coast with piracy, that
the 6,000 junks botweeu here uud Foo-rhow pay
**. . - -
\ _ -~.'^^^.- ■*.-■- ' /■"" '^^^^ ,^^1?^^^£*5^'^-
A CHINESE TRAVELING WHEELBARROW.
£70,000 animally for cnnvoy money, nm). in many
instances, the pinitrs tliciii-ilvcs s.ifi'ly I'oiivoy, or
hftrgiiin fur siilf conduct. The boat-hriiige at Niiigpo,
where two fine rivers join, ;s a reniarkabh) structure.
Tiic piles WW simply l]niits mooreil at i'i(iial distances,
and on ihcsc the upper wooden work of the l)ridge ii-
THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA.
built, so that th(> whole risos and falls with the tide; : city is surrouiulnd with hish w.alls, and contains thro
by this means there is sutlicient room und<'r the fine streets. There is a tine j)a,i,'oda, the " Temple ot
bridge to allow fisliing and pa.ssige boats to pa.ss. The the Heavenly Winds." Tlie winter here is severe,
wliiili fit llinii for ]iut)lii' iirtices. Tliosr who r\rc' in iM<y circnm- iiiay be seen in pvory villnpp — for iinwlieri' is primnry eduratioo
Rtiiiiccs, liowi'viT. limy ;it liiist I'lijoy tin' iiicoiniiiiralilc Impplncss so niiirli iMimuin^i'd ivs in Clima — a salary, for n sohoolmastcr,
of sci'iiin a pit liall in tlieir caps. They aro fond of pulilic ciTi'- lieini; siip]>li('il hv foundation of land. Otlii'r< liiToinc subaltern
nionials, paradis, and asscinlilifs in wliic'i they may display their oHieiTs in the trilmnals; others men' alvontnriTS, living in various
pretensions. I*oor literarv jjraduates, who have no puldic otfiee, ways im the pulilie. La'.vsnits are a irrand resource for tbein.
form in the empire a elass apart. To oeenpy themselves with i They foini'iit disputes, and assist for small remunenitioii in settling
industry, eominerce, or a;;rienltnre would he much beneath their i them. Ihey are the ai^ents of seeret societies, and the af^itntors
Jiiinily. Sometimes they become schoolmasters, one of whom in time of revolutiim, by pnK'lainiitions, placards, ,ind paniphleti.
1
«i tlmt tho clothoR in tho ithnpH ari< si'cii liiit'd with
HkiiiH Tlicy hiivd no fires, Imt |iut on hkhi' clutlics as
tliu cold iiici'('i\iM.'H ; Hci that tho uii|ir<'liii;; of a Niii;;|io-
nian on a waiin day issonu'thitifjlikc tiiiil of tlio gnivu-
•liKK'''" '" llainh't; tlu! ladies, tiowever, carry litth'
hnwH liaskets of cliarcoal. There are exei'ilent silk
hIio|)S and wareliouses, anil hea'itiful enilifnideit'd floods
— aprons, sliawls work-liar's, itc, ninileii|i in tho Kn^'iish
style, ci>tton-|iriiiting inthuniost sini|il" hluok rorni,rii|ie-
inaking, from the palm and Cliineso hemp; euriosity-
Bhops and shops for furniliire, all of Chinese form, with
presses of inlaid work, illiistratin<; the manners and
iiistoms of tho people, aliinnid.' The hanks here are
fireat estalilishments and larjrely cnniieeted throni;hiiiit
I ho country; in faet it is to this plnee that tho weiillii
iest Cliineso morehants seiMii to retire. The gardens of
the Mandarins are v(»ry pretty and nniipie, and aro
celehrated for their dwarf trees. Sonii! of these are
only a fow inehes hiij'i, yet preservo all tho ehiiri.,(;t4'r-
isiic of tho largo trees. 'J'his is done liy f,'''''"''"iii ''Y
eiinlining tho roots, withhulding water, lii'ndinjj the
liranchos, and other ways. They twist the niiiin stern
in a zigzag form, whieh cheeks the How of the sap and
eneouriijestlK^ growth of liranehe.s; thi'V ne.xt starve tho
Ireo with a little soil only, and harely wat<r enoiiyh to
keep it alive. The strong growing shoots aro also nippeil
I If, until iiutiiro at huit lieeomes exhansteil and makes
no further ell'ort. From Niiig|io, wo sailed down the
Ynng and over to Chii.san, whence wo ag.iin stavtoil
I'nr tho uppermost northern district of tho Gvdf of
I'ocheli.i'
' It ouglit not to lie oniitteil tint Nin)f|)o in CL'lebrnli'il for
1 living protliiceU sonic of tlic ulilcHt Hclinhirs in Chiiiii ; niiil iiiiiiil'-
Inns triuin|iliiil iirclit's, in lioniiar of tliose of litT guns who Imvu
ntrriutl olf tlie lii^'liuiit lioiiiiurii iit coiiipolitivc cxinniniitioim, Hpun
lliu priliL'ipiil strui'ts. 'I'lie l)o<ilt-sho|>K of NiiiKP" nru woitliy of
itD liiRli litorary repututioii j anil iniU'cil tlie hliops of I'vcry ilc-
i.uriptioM aru Hiipi'riorto tlioso iit any oilier of tin- poit.s. At tliiit
piipulurly known lu K rlniini iinil Masons', vxipiisitu ton »iii liu
i>ip|H.Hl, while viirioMg liiflieate conserves aru liuiiiluil rounil, and
pipi'S of niihl lob iceo lire smolifil iit iiilirvals.
' We oiijjht iiol to ipiit Ninf;|i() without one inemoiiiil — ■
onethin;^to in ike it reineinlHii't'il with nil it» lii'iiiitv, its tMili',
1111(1 its t;reiitiie-». "At NiiiL'P'i " »:i.v.s Mr. Win^frovc t'oolo, " 1
mw in the hoiisfliolil of .Mrs. .Mrllowiiii, the laily of .Mr. Midowan,
the Anierieun Miilicil .MuMionaiy, n ymiiii; ^irl with large fwt
and a cheerful aspect, doiiii; duly ua a nursery niiiid. This girl
hud been resiiied lioni dealli by Btarvaii'iii. Mrs. McOow.in told
luc that it WHS by no imaiis an uiicoiuihoii circumstaiK^e to tinil,
under the walls, lnHlies of iiifiints halfd 'voiireil hy do^'s. A very
shocking incident of this kind had wviiined a few weeks b. fore.
One night the little uirl, whom I have already nii'iitioned.
came up to Mrs. Mcliowun, and told her thnt she iKard the
grunting of dogs and the faint cry of a child just outside the
garden gate. 'I'he lieiievolent lady iiiiincdintely arose, and, goiiii;
forth with a lauteru and Home of the house cooliis, was ipiickly
guided to the spot. It was a dreadful spectacle. An iiifaiil,
\vnip]ie<l in a course cloth, was gurroiiiidcd by a pack of puiiiih
cIogB, who were tearing at the cloth and u ready guiiwiug the
llcsh. The Iniby was still nlivu. While the men heat olf tlic dogs,
Mrs. MeOowuu took the little creature in her arms and ran ivilh
it to the house. It was too late. The B(|uaHd tiny thing opened its
eyes and Bceuied totry to cling to her, and, as she iiimgined, sinilcd
u|N>n her, and died." Wewill also let Mr. Wiugrove Cimi.c tell the
story of the Itaby Tower of Shanghai. Wi^ confess wo had hoped
to have thought otherwise of it than we did until we saw it, and
then — "Tell me, Vice■l^lllslll llaivey, what inciins that more
tliim usual )ie: tileiitial steam which seems to radiate from that
decaying pepp ir Imx-slmptHl tower." "That is tho Huby Tower."
" Tho r'" I said inquiringly. " The Hahy Tower. Look
through that rent in the stone-work — not too close, or tho stream
III efHuvia may kill you. You see a miaiiid of wisps of baiiilHsi-
slraw. It seems to move, but it is only the crawling of the
worms. Somutluies a tiny leg or arm, or ■ little tleshless
CniNA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN. 147
XI.— TIKN-TSIN, rHK CITY OP FEUCITV."
KlioM tho Amherst ISoeks that lio at the entrance of
the Yalig-tse-kiang river, we iiiiide ii run of .'itiO niiloH,
overwatersreiidenilsliallowliy lliedi'i itsof the Velio w
Itiver— soon to lie I, mil won fnnii tlie sea hy Chinese
industry, — until wo riuiiided i^hiii tiing pniiit, the
nearest extremity of the (iiilf of I'e che ii, iiinl entered
the Yellow Sea, after ii run of (iOO miles. Theeoldiiesi
iif the atmosphere told ns now that we were advam-ing
into higher latitudes .\fter iiuinding the C.ipeue
passed tho hai'lioiir of Chii I'mi and the large walled
town of Tang chilli, oni- of tho ]iorts to he opnied liy
the new treaty, thus giving us the trade of t le (Uilf.
I'nteriiig into the ( !iilf tliinugh ii luiiritr, ns it were, of
small islands, the Miatiio — witliin whii h, iind all up tin;
liay to tho entraiiee of tho I'eilio river, are to lie seen
junks in myriads, hearing corn as trilmle to feed the
capital — uu our left lies the delieimis ju'ovinee of
Shaii-tuug, the native eountry of Confueiiis, with
lofty mountains iiinl wooded valleys, in a long pii tii-
resipie |ianiirania. This province alone, not larger
than EiigLind, Siotland, and Wales, contains thirty
millions of inhiihitant.s. It was the si.xth day from our
departure liefore wo entered the mouth of the I'eilni
river, at the top of tho (iiilf, past the Takii Forts, that
have caused so much ciimiiiotinn in tho world, and tire
so utterly iiiiformiila'ile, except for the mud all alioiit
them. Tlience we scri^wcd up forty miles of twisting
river, through mud villages, fleets of junks in mud
docks, lietween iiiud hanks, to Tieii-tsin, or the "City
of Felicity," which we were very liappy to see.
Tho first aspect of Tieii-tsin, as approached from tlio
east, is most reinarkahlo. Knormons stacks of .salt,
luimhering from two to three hundred, lino the hanks
of the river for some hundreds of yards helow the town.
These stacks vary in length from two ii.indred to six
hundred feet, and averag<! aliout a hiindred in hroadth ;
they are twenty or thirty feet in height, sliii|icd like
tho rounded top of a carrier's waggou, a.id iMivered with
matting or thatched with millet straw — the salt lieiiig
stacked in hags. Passing these, a liridge of hoats is
attained, which connects one of tho suhiirhs with the
city.
The river flows between banks ton or twelve feet
liigli, and den.sely ]iopulated ; tho mud houses are
Jiaeked closely on either side, and their oeeiipants still
more coiii|iiictly. A long straight reach extends from
helow the bridge of boats to the jmiiit of the junction
of tho river and the grand canal, which outers the I'ei-
lio at right angles from tho southward, and here termi-
iiate.< its extended course of about 0(10 mile-s.
Not far from this point is a ])ictiiresipie lino of build
ings, abreast of which the allied Admirals were moored
(.<«« ]). 153). Their fragile and somewhat faiitiustieal
construction suggested the notion of a summer jialace.
The allied emb.issies were infornied that lus such it had,
in fact, served the emjieror, K ion-lung, in honour of
Inme protrudes from the straw. The Tower is not so full
now IIS I have seen it ; tliey must have cleared it out recently."
" Is this a cemetery, or a slaiigliter-house ? " " The Chinese say
it is only atoiuli. Colfius are de.ir, and the peasantry are poor.
When a child dies the parents wrap it round with bamlmo, throw
it in lit that window and all is done. When the tower is full the
proper authorities burn the heap, and spriiad the ashes over tho
lund." Then .; no Inipiiry — no check. The parent has iiowcr ta
kill or save. This Ilalivtnwer is a teirlhle institiilion. Itstandu
there, close to the walls i.f a crowded C'ly — an intrasivo iuvitatioii
to infuntici du.
Il
II
il
I
I
lil
I
I!"
■'
J ': , I a
i
UH
ALT- ROUND TUB WORM).
vvliicli lia|i|iy cvtMit it. liml Imtm iiivi'--liMl liy liiipcriiil
|iiitcnl «nli till' lillcM)!' " 'I'lic 'ri'iii|j|i' 111' Sii|ii'i'iiii' l''fli
ii(y," uiiili'i' wliiili iiiis|iiriiMis ili'>iL(iiii(iuii it was now
aliipiit til Hiivi- MS llnir iiliii'li'. 'I'liry tii iml, wlicii tlicv
stiiMil willlill till' w.iIIh wllirli I'licliiM'il tlli<il' I'llllll'i.' I'l'si-
ili'iiri', lliiil it Win lint lii'liiil li.v ilTXli'liial iis|nM't. As
is :{i'|ii'imIIv till' I'lisii ill (Jliiii.i, il si'ivnl tiiti iliiiiliji'
|iiii'|iiisi- III' II ti'iii|ilr mill II |ialai'i>, tliiiii<{li il liad imt
1 11 lioiiiiiii'nl willi till' liiini'l'ial {iri'si'iiri! siriri' tliii L'lil-
jii'i'iii' K it'll liiii^' liail liiuiju it liis li'iii|iiil'ai'y iilimli'.
(Jpim till' ti>|i of tlii^ wall, wli'i'li was Diily si'|)iii'iitt!il
t'i'om til'! iii'^'i' 111" till! I'ivi'f Imiik liy a iian-uw |iitliway,
With two lal'^d ii|iartliiriits nt' lii^lit ami giai'rl'iil rnii-
striic'tjim, sili'iDiiiiiiril liy viTainialis, cliilnpi-ali'ly rarvcil,
ill wliii'li ili'|iiMiili'il iiiiiiistiT liini iaiiti'i'iis, i{aiiilily
|iaiiitiil, as Ii'aiis|iai'i'iit as i,'i'iiiiiiil ljIiiss, luiil ili'i'iifati'd
with iiiiiiiiiii'i'alilii tassi'U iiiiij sl!l<i'ii l.aii;jiii<,'s. Tlu;
Cliiiii'si' liavi' I'ai'iii'il till! ai't nf liiUriratiiii; tlii'su lari-
ti'i'iis 111 1,'i'i'al |ii!rti'i'tiiiii. 'I'll 'v rn'-,t sul'tni tlm Imni
liy till! a|i|ili(Mtiiiii iil'ii liii,'li il '^ii' ' lit' iinist lii'at, ami
tlii'ii cxti'inl it into tliiii la iiiiia! iit' any s|ia|ii', ritliur
llal or '^'loliiihif. Till! wills of tlii'si! ronins wim'ij com
{I Ki'il of jiajii'i' |iasti'il ii|i 111 tilt! wiiiiili'ii trellis work :
till' sliiliiig paiii'ls iniii wliicli it wis iliviili'il svrri! niaili'
111 answer the |)nr|i'ise of win lows. \Vheii they were
shut, Il iwever, the |ii|i,'r wad no triiis|i ireut that there
was jileiily of li^lit, a'l I on a siiniiv ihiy the ijlare was
iiii|ileasant. 'I'lieso two liuililin;;!! were thirty or ti rty
yar.ls iipart, ami u iriii'cteil liy ii veranil ih wlii"li run
alnii!,' till! top of the wall, ami tei-iiiin itt'il in twi. (jnaiiit
little kiosks, their niiliirneil ro it's sii|i|ii)rleil liy cirveil
[iiists. riiese a|i 111 iiients were a[i|iro|iriat<!il hy lianm
(ti'iisainl Noril Kl.;in ; that iK'i'ii|ileil liy the litter lieiiig
jii'i'i'lii'il ii|iiin an arlilieial inoiiii'l laiil oi:t in true Olii-
Mfse taste, ami asremleil liy steps nf orii iineiital rook-
w.irk. Overliaii'.iiii:^ til" river, they eoimii'.'ml an ex-
tensive ami ever iiileie-itiii^ vii!W ; lielow tt.,oni, a iln/.eii
Kii'.;lish ainl l''remh i; in hoits, sDiue of theiii immreil
within pleasiint eoiiversitional ilistanee, iinoirlel a si-
tisl'aetiiry sense ofs'i'irilv t.o the pi^ilii):i [Sro (t. l.Vf.)
Xnt 11 sini^li! native erafi, e.xeept an oeashHiMl fc'.-iy
lii»:it, rippleil the siirfioe of the stream or repos.'il iijuii
its waters.
'riu!/«/*.!(f((i/«(/ of the two mi.ssions wereaeeomiiloilate I
in the temphiamlother liiiiiilin;.;s, alleneloseil within o.ie
iiiiterwall; ii partition wall. however.iliviile.l tin; Kiij^lish
from their allies. The I itter oeeiipieil i numlier of ile
t leheil suminei'-hoiises. ilotteil alimit a ^allien. As to
t!ie meniliers of the Knulish em'i issv, they e.stalilished
themselves in the iiimnst reeosses of the temple, their
lii'ilrniiins fiirnisheil with saereil jiiu;s ainl In-oii/.e.s, in
wliieh smonlilereil eternal tire (until they eanie ami
alloweil it til yo out), llieir sliimliers pre<iileil over liy
;;iim ileiti'es wiih i!mirMiiius stomaehs, or in iny-armeil
i^iiilile.sses, with heails encireleil in a lilaze nf ;;iilileii, or
rather lira.ss, llime. The perlnme of ineeiise still eliini^
to til '.se .s;ierei| purlieus. >rueli ami devoutly did
they wish it ha 1 lieen the only mloiir to wliieh their
nostrils were snlijeeteil !
Servants with a white limine, emlilem of an armistiee,
attai^hed to their coats, waited iissidiioiisly upon them,
perpitiially jire.sentini; them with little ciijis of t(!a ;
imleeil, for the lirst few days, a man was always walkinj^
aliiiutwiiha tea-pot ready at the short(!,st notice to
refresli the thirsty soul. 'J'lie tables with which
they were supplied were solidly conslructed and well
carved, sipiare in shape, as (,'liiiie.se laMes always are;
u red cloth, elaborately embruiilered, served as a table-
elolli. and falliiii{ to the ifrniiml in fnint, coneenled tlm
le:{s of the table. The liiyh liaeked, lllieiimfoltable
chairs were similarly decoialed, K"l'Kt'""'* emui^fh to
look upon, but very disa^freeu'le t-i Use Smiie eleelid
their inosipiito curtains over .sipiare wiioden olloinaiis,
others slept uiimi a brick platform, j^ciierally ii.-ed in
(Jliiiia, and which, in cold ueathei, is healed by tires
from bciiealh, after the niinner of an oven, iiii nn
healthy style nf bed place at all liiiics, fur ill suinnicr
the damp is apt to strike tlirnu;!li the biicks. iiliil in
winter they are iint dry. but heated, ii Mini biikin>{
process which niiist be more or less |ireimliciiil
]n tl'iiiit of the temple was ii sipiare eonrtyiiril.
|iartially shadi'd by the spieiidiiif; urns of an old (ice;
the Kii;;lish. hnwetiTy thmii^lit iialnre leipiind a little
■|issistanee, so the whole I'oiirt wius nailed in, which
greatly added to the pictnieMilie ellecl. Iiliil Wii.s nf
practical |i ility in redmin;; the li rnpi nil lire. A
raised t\i'.^ ]ia.ssaj;e iiilcrx'cicd this cmiit. and on eiuli
side nf it was a (piailil little kin.-k, the rnof sepii
rated by fnur carved |iill,iis, abn elidiniiitely laiM'd.
brilliantly cnlmired, ami Miriiionnted vith drupiiis'
heads, rampant tisli, and other de\ ices. In eiie of
these a marble slab was creeled Mrtically n|iin nii
elevated plat!iirni. and was covered villi ( hiin m' cliii-
laeters, allei; d to have been tliiced by tie liiiil nf the
Kmpi'i'or Kieii Inn^, iind to einbnily ii lii^di iiioial
sent inieiit
The biiildini; on the opposite side of the e< iirtyiinl
was formed into the j;iiiiid-linuse, the giiiiid liein;;
usually toinpoM'd nf cngiiieci's iinil liiiu ii.cs, iiikI niiiin
tiinini,' n])Wii.rds of ii linmlicd ni> li Attadud In this
biildiiij; were the sel viiiil.s' elliits, iiiiil behind tlidii
stables. The establishment \,as thus very c(ini]ilete ,
and it was not witlmiit a lieliiii; nf rej^'it t that tlie_\ miw
it dismaiillcil, ]ii'epiiriitoiy to its ic-tniatinn for the
rites of J'a'^anism, when, ailir lia\iiif; oci njiied it lor
upwards of a ninnth, they hnktil li) i n il lei the last
time.
As to the Hnssian and American Kiid assies, they
had .some dillienlty in crectinij ii house on sl.oie; the
pro|irietiir (dniibtlcss ii j;oiiil deal Jinzzhd as tn the
relations of liiii,dit hihI ri;.lit in his view nl the slate (if
matters j;iiieially,) in; de a novel | ii 1 1 i-itii n, in the
shape (if all nller nf C,(IIKI dnlli i-s if th.y Wntilil nut rent
it. This, hnwever, was dei lined, the dillii'iilty sonie-
hnw or other oven'ome, and a hai;d.snnie rent for the
short space of one inniilh was iillimately prcs.sed iijini.
the reluctant owner. 'J'n jmlije Irnni tin appcaiaiKe nf
the mansion, he was a rich man. Mr. Ifced lived in
II clnrmini; retreat, with a l.cxaiitine air iibont it ; a
courlyaril with tlowers iiml Iniiiitains, iilid |iiinds full
nf gold lish. wa.s surrounded by cool airy apartments
with |)iiper walls, and verandahs and balconies over-
hani;ing the river. C'imnt I'nntiatine lived next dnnr
— a strip of interveiiinj,' building which was imjireijna-
ble from witlmut, and ennseerated to the use of the
female portion of the Chinese owner's establi.slmient,
alone separating him from his eolleagtie. Iliis resi-
dence was on the right bink nf the river, iiiid within
view of the yamnn of th(! Allies, thnugli distant from
it about half a mile. I'.rt! long the flags nf the fnur
respective nations, waving proudly in the breeze, sigiii-
tied to the (.'hiiiese wiirld nf Tientsin the distinctive
abodes of the chiefs of the four barbarian hordes who
had thus boldly located themselves in their city.
In a country which abounded with horses and roada,
it was not to be supposed that persons of mi exploratory
CniNA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
H»
tcnilciicy were to Ik- Hiitindi'd willi iicclcstriim rMiir
i-iiiliH ; )li« iiM'liilicrH (ifllir ('lrllp||.•■^<_v, tlicicliil'f, s< lit in ii
i'i'i|iiiNiliiiii for II ni'tiiin niiinl r nt htri lU, iiml, iiltcr
Miiiif ilcliiv, were fiitni-liril with wiml ii|i|i<iiii'(l llir
sciiiii 111' llie utiililr.s ci( Tien tsin. 'I'Ium' were imlij;-
n;intly rijcrlt'il, miil tliiv nllinuitily nlitniniil six \iv\
irs|p('i'tjililt' |iniii(M, mill .six M'ly nnniiiil'oit.iliji' CliiiicM'
sMililli'K, very liiu'il iiml nn^'nliir, anil i^innislicil witli
I'XicnMivc (liii|nTv, ami an iiukwiinl Imlslcr .--liiiiiril
|ii'iitiiliri'aiii'i' in troiit. TotliiM' nninMlli cniitiiviinco,
liiiWrviT, tliry ullini;il''ly liirmiir iirilistiiliiiil, lillil tliry
liMil iiiinnlily ixiilmiil tlic conntiy riiiinl 'I'im-tsin
witliin II railiiiH nf nliont six Inilcs Irtmi' tliry Irl't it.
Ohi' (lay llir iiiriiilirr.s nf tin' (•ll|llll^^y wcic iniikili;;
trial (if tlitir )iiinirs ami uf tlii' rmiil to i'l kin lor lli^'
(MNt lime, wlicn a cmiiyr, [irKrilcil liy a rloml of (lust,
imiicatcd tlic ii|i|iroacli of mhhc fiiiiinl |i('r.soiiaj,'cs.
I'riscntly a|i|i('ai((l riiiiiKis h itli roil.s of (illicit, coric-
s|Hini|iii;; with javelin liieli ; tlie.se eleiire(l tli(( way anil
force(| tlie |ieii|ple to tlie rifilit ami left ; tlicli followeij
two stately eliaiis, eaeli lioiiie liy ei;,'lit stalwart liearer.s,
eoiitaininfj two of tlie most elevated (li>.'iiitarie.s in the
realm. 'I'lio common |ieo|il(! at onct' liroiii^dit tliem-
stdve.s up to tliu atlitmle " atlentioii," the hamls Ijiiiij,'
|ii-essed on th(! oiilsiile of li i iii;;li, and the ImkIn
tiiaintained ereet iind motionless. i hey could s(ar((ly
iM;ik(! out till! features of th(! inmates throll^di the
-mail window of the fhair. aei s .hiili was stnteliid
line gauze, Init thoiiyh in .ill ]iroKiiliilily the\' were
(he lir.st liarliiirialis tin' ('liines(! ollielals had ever K't
eyes n|ion, tin y gazed with all the iiii|ieitiirlpaliility of
(.'himse dignity ini|ia.ssi\ely in front of thom, theii
(diinleiiance.s manifested iieilhrr curiosity, alarm, .siir-
|iri.HC, or any emotii'ii whatever.
Immediately liehind was a deime and dusty crowd
of f(p(ptnien and iKPisemcn, evidently coming oil' a
journey, and though many of them were liiimi.soniely
a|pparelle(l, and were doulitless otlieials of .sipme rank,
they looked wpprnaiid t'avel stained. A iiiiiiilier of excel-
lent, well liuilt,covere .liaggai;e Waggons, drawn liy four
or .six large fat mules, cip|ii|'leteil tlie |procession, wliiih
wa.s evidently one iiipt of (lis|p|ay hut of serious eiiiiiest.
In C(pntem]p|ating the |pip|pulaliipii ipf Tien tsin wiili a
|practically ciPiumercial eye, the |iriplileni is not whether
they want clothes, litit whether they hav(^ money
eiKPUgh to Ipuy them. Ajiipcaraiiees certainly fully
lior<! out every ( 'hiiicsc merehalit's a.ssertion as to the
]p(pverty of the town. In no part of the world can he
witiics.sed a more sijualid, disea.sed pippulation than
that which .seems rather to infest than inhalpit the
sulairhs of the city. Filth, nakeilnes.s, and disease arc
their prevailing eliaracteristies. When tla^ omha.ssies
were there, the lia.iks of the river .swarmed with men
who lived entirely on the garliage and otral that
was flung from the ships, or swept up hy the tide
from th(! city. There was an eddy just in front of the
uiiiiun, in which dead cats, A'c , u.scd to gynite, and
into which stark naked tigtircs were con.stantly ]iluiiging,
in search of son. o delicate uior.sel. Their clothing gene-
rally consists of a piece of mat or tattered sacking,
which the}' wear, not riaind their waist, but thrown
negligently over their shoulders : it is ditlicult to divine
for what pur|iosc, as decency is ignored, and, in the
month of June, warmth is not a desideratum. Cuta-
neous diseases of the most loathsome cjiaracter meet the
eye in the course of the shortest walk; and ohjects so
frightftil that their vitality seems a mockery of
exl<itence, shocks the coarsest sensibilities.
I'poii MMiiil oeiasions you might see .si'ine wretched
Niillii'er dying iit his )>ost ot liiendicalii v. One old
woman, noticed ly llio.-e lonm eted with the embassy,
in particular, used to lie niniiiiili ss on a iiiiit, in the
centre ol the loiid, a disea.si d .-Kelelon. Shi liiid just
stnngth enough to elulilial eush that was (lung to
her. One day this slniiglh .sei n.id to liii\e laili d : on
lonking eloper, siie was loiilid to be (lend. A lew hours
afti r. her place knew jar no niore : she had bei n
(iirried away, and east ii| i ti it dung laap! Jiiding in
the outskirts of the city one da}, a niiin was seen
eairyiiig another on hisbiak. At fust it was tin. tight
that tlie biirdi n was a (oipM'; but on iip|iroa'.liiiig
nearer, a ciitain llexibility ot tin h gs, iis they trailed
in the dust biliind, showdl that this was one of the
city KiiM iigi IS who jiiow 1 the.-t Kits for dying beggars,
and when they Iind one inwiiin lite is aliiiost ( xtiiiet,
they biar liini oil' to f-oli.e .'iil.iibiin Aicldiilna, and
fling him fnin tl eir shonlders, ii jn mature liast for
crows and miIiuks. ('(iiainly. if the iiiiiiginiitii n of
the ( hiiianian w ho nniiied I his ( ily Ti( iilsin (■ I eii\( idy
felicity") (oiild foini no higher idiii of nii al ode o| bliss,
it is dillicuil to coineive what must have lien his
notion of the ojiposite extiitiie.
As if in ironical allusion to the niisiiy whiih the
li\iiig sdin to endi.re, alnio^t ll e oi,l_\ putts ^] ots
near Tientsin ore the burial jilaiis.' 'liny are t.iiiily
the only lociilitiis Iniioiirtd with tnis. and ci i sisl
gineially of a Mpinre, with an nit a ol nl i at a (juniti r
■.fun inre, indisdl by a n ml bin k and diti h. so as to
jri.-ent exactly the i.] jiiaiaMc ofa^nllll laithwoik
or tiiliia. ]inh iiiiiibd' of a fin il\ who ujois
w it hill this ilnliMiie is placed bun at h i. (( nieal nn.uinl
(f (iiitli, al out the si?e and i-haj e ol a I ell lint. A
tliiik glove of ti((s, gdni'ally willow and cypress,
Mini .inds tlie ( 1 III It 1} .id giMs a tool and relushing
i.spect to tin 1 lite. One ol tlicfc but iidi hues is ol
so gicat an ( xte.'it, tii.d cditaiind Ki niai.y giiiMs, that
the nil mbcrs of the ( n.bassy win n In re acttially avoidid
it for some (lavs, let ling eel tain that it was an in-
lienehed (amp, as tiny had Imird of tl.e existi me of
ei.e in the neiglil i niln i d. 1 he Kid ciinp tlnv dis-
covered It lew (lays alter, fu m the Min.niit ol a >ji(c!es
of martello tower, to the toji ol whiih tin} climbid
for ]iiir|iose of ins]ii etii.n.
The yiimnii of the ]'jigli.-li was !-ittiat((l (.ii a ] (iiin-
snla, fiiliied by a (!(( ji Ik nd ot tl.i ii\er, whii li doubldl
back so lis all! est to (onveit it into an islnnd. l'|.oii
OIK! .side of it, the n ud hon.'^es of the .'■ubiiili wiie
built a^jaiiist the }iininn vail, I nt to the left and rear
were giinhn.s, Katter( d liouses, and waste land. 'J In!
engineers (iccu]ii((l a t( ni]ile v\ ithin nti.'-ket shot, and
next door to tlniii, '(ascine Fiaucais, ' jaintcd in
large vshite letter.s, iidicated the (|niiit(is of the
'■ INIarine P'rainai.se." .hist jucvioiis to tin ir (h ] aitiire,
there was an allied loice of nearly six hiiinlKd men
(jiiartered in dilltrent buildings uj on this litth j cnin-
' The cnantrv Is covorctl with priivcs, nml in lin ay jilaccs
nlx.ut Sliiiiipliiii till' nidins iirc i.]ifn1y cxiin.'cil in 'I'l' lii Ids. lla'J
lire even kept in tlw liuiisi's (llic cntlins liciiip ct' n pri ul tliii \ • ■n,'
ii!i(l lilUil witli i|iii(kl'iiu) till a I rnpitimis (liiy inr.vcs li.r tl e
luiriiil. Mtaii') is Mivcil mill iml liy tii jinu'iiro ii.liins. AtniviHir
tills 111, " I 9IIW, in a little cnttiipi' Iiiar Sliiiiiglmi, an olil nil.-
wiMoil ci.ftin ill tlip cnriii i ; I a>liiil a y \\v\: luil wliy it was
tlii'ip? lie quietly pnintnl wi'li liis tliunili nvir liis slioiilili r to liis
jminilniiithiT, utaiiding ilni'i' l.y, and snid it was for lici ! She
»as vi'ry old, and WHS iieKrly wiarinj; out the coffin before elie
was put into it."
:,1 ■'!
■ill'
la!
180 ALL ROUND
sulti, wliicli was capaWo of bcini; rciulprt'il defensible,
if iiei.<'ss:ii'v, liy ati ciirtliwiirk thrown across tlio narrow
istliniiis, so tliat tliey were fortunate liolli in respect to
the aei'oninioilaiioii anil locale of their |iosition.
I'assinj.; the isihmiis, and riiliiii,' paiallel to tin-
(Jraiid (/'anal, a lii-iil:;e of Imats is sni.n reaehed, which
tlio I'ekin roid crosses to the city ; turMJiii; sharp to
th(? ri>;ht, tliis roid soon emerges from the sul)iirl), and
crossing two eani' ■, trilmtary to the IViho, by sub-
stantial l>ridi;i's, oi.,; of wliich is ornamented with a
hanilsomo bdustrado of carved niirble, reaches the
Wenho, or salt river, a little al>ove its junction with
the I'ciho It is conveyed across this important stream
by a bridge! of boats, ami traversing the peninsida
formeil by the two, follows the right l)ank of the IVilio i
for ius many miles as our explorations at that time
extended.
The farthest point wo ■•eached was the largo village
of IVtsang,' about seven miles from Tien-tsin hy the
road, and interesting as the point at which Mr. XVard,
the Anu^rican Knvoy, and his suite, struck the I'eiho
on tlieir way to Pekin, from which, according to report,
it is not above forty-tive mil.'s distant in a straight
line. The country tlirough which wo pa.ssed im'.sentod
all tlie appe u-anco of being .suliject to annual inunda-
tions ; <li'ep ditches iutersecte 1 it in various directions,
or the purpose of carrying otf the water ; and the
Pekin road was r.iisod tiftcen or twenty feet above its
level, the snnll country roails wdiich crossed it being
all bridge I over. Tli<! high roid w.is pavcil in places,
and about twenty feet in lireidlli. The vill.iges which
dotted tin.' luiilscai)e in every direction were also built
up )n riis '(l mounds, which com|ilcied their resem-
jiance to the mud towns of Kgypt.
During the lirst portion of our stay at Tien-t-sin, the
flit country exti^nding between the (band Canal and
the Peiho w.is one vast field of ripi'uing wheat, far as
eye could reach ; and, uninterrupti'd by fence or en-
closure, till' yellow e irn rose and fell to the breeze in
gently rolling waves. Dotted over its surfice, the
mists and sails of numerous junks are visilde, looking
;is though lliey tr.iversed a goMen .sea. Thev are na-
\igating the mill )r c.inals On an unusually clear day,
we distinguished tin' irregular outline of .some far-off
hills in till' dun distance. Winding through this fertile
plain, the courses of the (iraiid (,'aiial and the Peiho
are mirkoi liy the gnves of trees which .idorn their
bulks, and suiroand ancestral graves. Some of the
villages also rejoiee in clumps of trees, lint generally
they lo{)k like brown patchi's, stuck upon a green
ground.
Kre we left Pieii tsiii, tlie aspect of the country
was entirely changed, for the harvest was over. Most
of the (^orn was cut with the sickle, liut grain of cert .i in
descriptions was plucked out by tin' luots; then it wa-s
colK'eti'd into the thrashiiig-grouinls. to be tr.inipled out
by o.ici'n. .-iiid winnowed upon breezy days, when carts,
conce.ile 1 liy nioiintains of straw, and dr.iwn liy mixed
teams of hoises. miili's, and oxen, cre.iked heavily over
the soft land, and gle.iners .siallered themselves far and
wide through the fields, and the whole popul.-ition Wius
out in the blight sunshine, looking chcirtiil and happy
as tliey gathered in the blessed fruits of their labour
and toil. In the mellow hour of evening, when the
whole western sky v as a blaze of red, and the sun waa
' 'I'ln" scene of tlie first victory in tlie lute iiivojioii of Cliiiia tiy
the Kiigliiili iiii>l Kri'iii'li tmceB.
TUB WORLD.
bathed in the glowing reflection of it« fiery tints, it
wius plea.sant to ridi- among the reapers of Tien-tsin,
and forget, in the picture of content and jilenty before
them, the objects we had just witnesseil of misery
and star\;ition.
Although the country round Tien-tsin is a dead le\ il,
it is not destitute of variety. If the Pekin road leads
through nothing but acorn-field, that wdiicli follows the
banks of the (Irainl C'anal, in a Bontherly direction, con
ducts you for mites between kitchen-gardens so exipii-
sitely tended that, in this respect .it all events, the
environs of Tientsin are a pattern to tho.se of London.
Fences of the neatest and most tasteful construction
enclose little areas of ground, irrigattil by a network of
minute eanals,divided into beds.dcvoidiifweed or pebbli',
tJreens of every description, gourds, egL;-planls, leeks
and onion.s, sweet potatcpcs, lieaiis and pe.is. are planted
out and manured, or triiiied. as the case may be, with
the utmost care. Inteispersi d with the kit henganleiis
are vineyards, orchards, .ind fruit garden^, coiitaiiiiiig
apricots, apples ami pears, of a coar.se di'scriptioii, and
vines trained in trellices a.s in the north of Italy. 'I his
is one of the pleasantest rides, as it is for the most p;iit
shailed liy trees, and the windings of the canal, with
' the river-life upon it, adil to its picturesipie interest.
It is an inimcnse relief in all onr rural rambles, not to
be stifled at every turn with the filthy mannie-con
' trivances of the south. In this respect the Inirtic iiltiiic
and agriculture of the north are carrieil on under much
plea.santer conditions. Kxplorations in a wi'sterly
direction were iiniiiteresting ; the country is an iiii
inense graveyard— not a collection of private cemete-
ries, such lis lire seen upon the banks of the Peiho ami
tb'and Canal, but a plain, crowded with conical tnmiili.
destitute of grass or trees, and extensiM' enoiigli to
have eontaini'd the whole defniict po|iulation ofTien tsin.
since the original founding of that "heavenly spot."
i A very considerable sii I nrb, connected with the city
by a bridge of boats, is situated upon the opposite side
of the Peiho. Piussing thiongh it is a singular pieci' of
landscape. Here are salt-iiaiis. with the salt stacked in
large tumuli, like giiiantii- graves Intei'sper.sed with
them are small tiiniuli and deep pits; ami ponds ol
water, with narrow ridges between I hem ; and more
salt stmked in bags, and roofed in with millet straw :
and huge stacks of wheat straw I'ollecti'd for jiiirposcs
of fuel ; and mud huts, like lri:li cabins of tic meaiu'st
description, enclosed liy fences of millet straw, which
is thick and strong enough for the ]inipose; and tlnre
are luick-kilns, which look like circular torts, ami a
circular fiat which looks like a brirk-kiln. Altogeiher
it is the oddest collection of big nioumls and little
moiiinls, .111(1 heaps, and .stacks, and pits, and stagnant
ponds, and hovel.s, and forts, and brick-kilns, and fences,
and waste land, that can be easily im,'>gined. \ high
; road Iciils tlironi;h it, and into a close, |iopiiloiis
village beyond, and out of that into the illimitabli'
stepjie. Then- was no waving corn here ; a weakly
! vetch and unhealtliy looking young jilanfs of Indian
corn were struggling to inaintain a miseiiible existence,
in a soil so thin and tiiable, that the united efforts of
two men and a donkey or two ilonkevs were siiflicient
to drag a plough through it. It seems to lieofipiilc
another character from that ipii tin' right bank of the
river. IJeyond the vetch fii'ld.'-. the ste|ipe produces
nothing but a .short dry grass, across which we could
si^ain]ier in every direction, witli the chance of puttiiii,'
I up u hare, and riding after him across the country.
CHINA, COCHIN CmNA, AND JAPAN.
It ri'iniiids lis of some parts of tlio stc|i|)t's of Soutlicrn
i;
U^si:l. SollU'tlllU'S till' IllOllotl'IlV ot ItllS SCCIll' IS nil
bv
It living oii{
liii'L't
Willi
siinii'tiiiifs 11 cloud <if iliist
1
il lM'tok<'ii tlic iiiiproiic'li of I'oiiiitry laris, aiul a
siiccos.-iioii of liin,'<' cicakiii;,' vehicles woiilil roll |past,
t lllc
ilcd with fi
ami
Irawii \ty a iiiixcd tram ; soine-
l t\
[1 hoi'8c. a poiiv. a mule, a iloiikev, and two oxen
111 one <'art.
1
All ox and the lioise served as wlieeleis
1 the
front of them were the olhei' ox,
111
I'oiiy.
dignity.
the 111
d tl
iliilo tlie donkey leads the way in .solitary
Tii'ii-tsiii itself, at the time, presented iiotliint; re-
liv(dy allies ferreted ruit .-omo
•kahl
mar
earieatiire."; tlieic
on
hut
th(
One represi'iitcd an Knjilisli otlicer
hor.sehaek, with a while imilirella and a ci<'.ir in
have seen, that the Tartai-s eiitored I'ckiii, ami
Imperial family was ma.s.sncrcd.
On leaving 'ricn-tsin, we resolved, het'ore quitting
the gulf of I'e-ehe-li, (o make an excursion to this (ireat
\\'all of China, which was .said to have its origin on the
coast at the entrance of the (iulf of l.ea-tMng. ^Ve
accordingly <'mharked at seven in the morning on
hoard the steamer. The ohject of our search was saitl
to he only .some thirty or forty leagues distant : hut
evening came, and land was only visihle in the horizmi,
so wo were ohliged to <'onn' to am lior in the open sea.
Tl
le next mornin
.!,'• 1
lowevcr. we lie
ired the coast, and
vere .soon eiiahled to make out the (Ireat \\all, which
I'l
ited tl
ippearaiic
seen Iroin the si'a, of a
succession ot lowers and cm tains rising i|i from a
his month. His hat ami drc.ss were; iircsislihiy ludi- |iagoila, which cuiistitntes the .starting pi. inl on the
is. Another depicted a grotesipiely
ei<-hant exidiaiiging a hag of money lor a hedgehog, he jiossihly imai'ined ; a
The scene was the must ]iictureMpn' that lan
tl
le coast, a va
In a coinineivial
Tieii-tsin will, if
I resent a marvel
4 pi
lint of \ icw we may remark that | extends, covered with pasture and a hixniiant vcgela-
d to the commerce of the West, j tioii, with numerous villa
Ills market for I'.iiiish m.nnifactnres
I'l-i'with to clothe all the hordes ofTarlarv, Init it
hhile III
iig<''
lho.M<
111 trees.
d, lottv mountain^ rose one ahove anothi
le rockv and
rill atfoni litth
ihnmlant.
111 exchange
lui>
vliicli
prceipiloiis, olliers clai
1 with trees tl
goiHl, ami cneai).
W'l
here enahled to corrohorate
highh
V im-
portant fact; that is, the deslriictioii of the Imperial . stretched across wiindci
t'aiial hv the Hoods of the \'ello\
iver, wlileli.
their very summits, ami amidst all, the (!ieat W'M
issuing forth from the sea. with alternating pagodas
and hastiolis, clolidi uji the siiepe.-t .acclix it ies, iind
and |iri cipitous i rests alike,
on (he ( 'hiiiesc side, are the
At thi^ foot i>f the W'l
driving the great annual
i|ilies
if lice and other white tents of two camps of 'I ai lar horseim n. whi
necessities to navigile from the Vang tsekiang hy steeds are ipiietly |iastnring in the lields aioiiiid.
(he (lulf of I'e ehe li. places the capital at the mi'ii'V i
On the side of Ch
iiiv Kiiropcan iiower
W'l
tl
HIS ili.M'overei
the mere i
aithwoik
the (;i,„l Willi
d with halllemciils ,if hrick.
ik jioiiit of the Colossus,
ai d hiok
I'll down
forget it.
'ply of gr
In t.ict, the point
ain hv the .sca-hoi
d Hngland will not hut in a very dila|iidated riiulii
ilready hit, ami the in |)lace.s. On the side of Alaiiti j.uiia. on the contrary,
■d
lieing en
toll' from the (Jreat Wall is liiced with I lii ks reposiii'' on a foun
I'ckiii, that eity
Cie.it Itritain,
lit
ernatr.t'
liet
ween
ir starvatmn : lor even
cc with dation of .stone. '1 1
lid the towers at the dislam
W;
i:
nperor at any time cany out hn
thre
it aiiil retire to anotlier, so
that t
•\' IW(
le cm ni\ sla
1"
jirolectid hy
siiiiare
u\<\
iw shuts troll]
I
ilwavs I I' within
.Moiikdeii, his fiirll
ipital in .Maiitchuria, it
he t
lid
n ilepo.sc llliusc
If-
as UK! millions
mid.
none the
]<■
if I"
,d
;in jettie.s, and the water i
It
1 till
ilesccliils Hit
till
.■■ea in two
larved into surrender, and anchor at a
dist
ilecp that large shi[ t
II his ahsenei^ (../"liiiia
lid till
nice ol a c(iu]i|e i.C nllle^
go on without its Tartar Hiii[n
■a'.'ii to he abli^ to Our party landed, and had an iiiteni
i\v witli a
manilariu. w Im was nioiiii
d
ted
I accompanieil liy two muuntcil efhci i
on a Willie
fVii
II
ll\ llli,' ex-
XII.— TIIK CitKAT WA!,L OK CHINA.
lained to hi
1111 the pacific olijccts ut our \\-\{. he gave
Hk who should
till
lis permissinii to lam
Till
1 weM r. was not so
(owei-s erected on the Imperial road, through the grea
sc of certain liigh si|uaie easily accomplished when |ii rmi>-ii ii w; s Liiaiited, tor
t tl
le sea ran veiv
ill from I'ekiii ti
that tlicv served
•lis I'
-ton-li
told the shi
higl
I, ami till
lad to lie III
lis of war, hv 111
works conihi
iieil in a particular manner ; am
of tire- till
that SI
•ee nakeil sailors.
liiials ei nil! lint approach
He npuii the shoulders of
if the hearers, niiaiile to
Niim
of the waves, Wfic thrown ili
mg ago as i
,Sll 11. c, tl
I'l
ipi
-W;
wilhstaiiil the \ iolcnci
the and cast their hiiithens into the water. {•'iiiallv, afti
itcenth of the TchcMii dynasty,yieliling totheahsiird many niisad\ cnlnres, onr
icitations of his wife one night, ordered tlie.se
the si
arlv
itlicnd toyetlii
lore.
Ill liilllid that We mnsterei
I onK
.fall
rm t
I' lie iiiaile.
T
le empress wan
ted.
tl
guns winch ha
mil hi
anin.se herself at the expense of the .soldiers, and to dannlei
•en III the water
hilt.
oliple of
nothing
(le i.iir way direcflv towards the (
icat
rtaiii.atthesametime.whelherlhc.se tireworkswonld I Wall. Wc had to cross several streams of water
really hring up
the 1 1
oops to the sneeolir ot the capi
f tin
ital.
\s the signals passed on to the provinces, the governors ; direction to avoid
spatohed the military mandarins and their forces to : tl
the road, and to take a cireiiiloiis and inland
sliots
Is ve iicarcil
Wl
e wall we .si
len the soliln
timed.
that tliev had lieeii called toirctlier fi
on their arrivi
IW the Tartars heeoming \ i ry fidgetl\
jetting on their horses, and gallopini; to and In
iimiiscmeiit of a woman, thev reliicd home full of in one of which
r the capricious i (■radnally they fornied Ihemsclvcs into three hodics,
dignation. Shortly afterwards the Tartars made an . ceptiiig the way to the (ireat W
•d itself in fiont of tlio eam|>, iiilir
took
irruption into th
e empire,
d ad
vanceil with rapiditv , direction
to till
rft ; whi
thin
'd ot
to Ihe very walls of the cajiilal. This time the i.m)'eror cavalry with white and gilded glolnihs. rode forth to
U'live the alarm in gr.ive earnest ; lint, tlironghont the | meet us. When we got iii). thev inquired whence we
ga
)irovince. not a inaii stirred, think
im I he empress was
id wl
lere we were iXnini;
ding, that they
;ain aiuiising heixelf. The eoiiseqiieiiee was, us we | ci.uld not let ua go along further, that the Coinniuudrr-
iwi il
Jiiiin 1 /
!"'l
If
•'>'
•1-
m
% I
152
ALL ROUND
in-chief was absent, and they conld not take upon
theinsflves tlie responsibility of allowing u.s to
jjrocoed. A jd'olonged negotiation had at last a suc-
cessful termination, and for a uionicnt we thought that
we Would have roaclicd the (ireat Wall ; hut we had
(tcarcoly gone a few hundred yards, when wo were
intercepted by another party of horsemen, who declared
that we shouhl proceed no furtlit!!'.
With two rifles and our revolvers, and three
hundn^d Tartar horsemen, we felt it to bo our
duty to avoid a quarrel, and siiil inor* so any actual
fighting for the nu-re jmrpose of gratityiiigan innocent
curiosity. So, afti'r liavin,' taken a few sketches, wo
purchased sundry fins from the Tartar cavaliers, and
astunished tin; crowd of Chinese who surrounded them
by the (listril)ution of brandy and the loan of our bino-
cular glasses.
These Tartar liiprsemen had neither hows nor arrow.s,
but all of them e.irricd matchlocks suspciiiled liehind
them. Their powder was very coarse, but besides lialls
thev had also bits of lead in their cartouche boxes
Their horses were small, gcTierally white or piebald,
and of an e.s.sentially jiriniitive race. These c.ivalicrs
carried their jiipesand fans in tlicir great iioots, and all
had a ring of jade for .stringing bows.'
Before leaving this neighbourhoiKl we nia<le an
excursion to the other side of the (Jreat Wall, o])|iosite
to tiie ])l.iin9 of Mantchuria, which |)reseuted tliat
brilliant verdure which is oidy met w ith in countries
a long time covered with snow and suddenly vivitied
by a brilliant sun. The Great Wall here detached it.self
like a long dark line from this admirable vegetation,
and could he seen from this ]K)int issuing forth from
llu^ sea and jiscending the mount.iin sides, to cross their
very sunnnits in all its grandeur, and thence to stretch !
away, for some six hundred leagues, acros.s the wild '
regions which extend to the confines of Mongolia i
(see p. 144). i
After having conteni| dated this magnificent spectacle
to our fill, we took our ilepartvue, and made the best of i
our way back to our old ((uarters, with the memory of [
a pleasiint trip to the most picturestpie spot in all
Chiniu The soundings obtained showed that there
was everywheie jilenty of water to enable the largest
ships to navigate the Uidf of Peche-li in perfeL-t safety
as far as to the Leatun;: - 1
THE WORLD.
XIII - -ACROSS CHINA TO PEKIN.
O.NK of otir objects in visiting this side • i the wall,
waste lake in an emissary, who had been entrusted to
cross the country, and piuss into I'ekin by land. Tliis
ve safely efFected, and received from him the following
account of his progres.s. " Di.^^guised from head to foot,
in full costume, with red trinkets, siitin boot.s, and spec-
tiicles of largo sia!,^ we cro.s.sed the haziuir, at Shanghai,
aiul ue.scencled into our boit. Afttr fitteen days' sail
from boat to boat, from river to river, from canal to
canal, from lake to lake, we ]iassed the Kiang, and
ai rived at tlie banks of the YilldW Hiver, at lloai-ngan-
fu. On the honh'rs of the Yellow lliver carriage
transit commences. We journev eil for four days along
its hanks from Hoai ngan to J'esu tclni. 1'his river
rolled along enormous lilocks of ice, and the jiassage
was dan-erou.s. It is as wide as the Elioneat Avignon.
Its waters are inu<ldy and yellowish. Hence its name of
].o;ing-ho. Yellow liiver. In EMro))e _V(m have bridges
over your rivers, tlu^ lihoiie, the Thames, the lihine,
.tc, and wliere you have not bridges, jciu have ferries.
The Chinese h.ive not availed ihemselves of these con-
veniences. Hero there are ccrtaiidy many bridges of
wood and stoiie, with arches well struck, and extrc inely
well con-trncted ; but in all these cases they are throWL
aero-s w.itereour.sc.s, or small .streams which are often
fordalile, and the channels of wliiih are dry e.xeciit in
the sea.son of heavy nniis. If the bridge is , 'lilt on a
rock it may be, in sume degiee, jiermanent ; if not,
however, cracks will soon begin to a))pcar, the arches,
jilaced on a liad foundation, will totttr, and on the
occasion of a heavy flood *he bridge will be entirely
swept away. As to fi rries, the Chinese have not
even an idea of them ; they take off the horses, and place
two jilanks from a boat to tlii! water's edge, one for
e.ich wheel. The sailors then ]iut them.selves in harness,
and by degrees draw the ei'riiage on board ; but the
greatest difiiculty is to get the cattle into the boat.
' " I'rohyn's Horse," n ilctaihniciit nf Sikli cavalry, cnniinandcil
liy Kiigli.sli otficcrs et tlie fiiiliaa ainiy, rode down tlicsy T;trtar
cavalry, and scattered tiit'ia like sliccp in the rooeiit short cani])ai^ii.
2 Tills (inat Wall, «hicli sc])arati's I'hnui from Taitary, is the
most remarkable aioliitt-etiirai moiinnu'iit of China, which, «vith
its windings, is 8n]i|)osed to extend over 1,51)0 miles. It is jia-sed
throngh valleys and over mountains alike, and is carried over
streams hy means of arches, llie linildin^ of it is said to have
heen commeneed U.C. 215, to prevent the invasion of the 'I'lirtars,
and it was prohahly the work of several pcniTatitins. Since tho
iMni|iiest of China by the Mantchiis, and the fiamdatloii of a
artar dynasty and army, its ])urposes ii.i,e been obsolete.
Many exaggerations as to the solidity of this wall have iHt'oine
oniTont, audit has even heen ealeulaleil that tho materials of
whieb it is eoin|Kised wonld be snilleieiil to erect all the dwelling
hoHses in Knglaiul and Scotland, li a{>]ieai's, however, from the
detached notes of late travelhr*, that it is for the most parts mere
««rtli wall faced in parts witli brick and stcnie, and having qnad-
rangnlnr towers, at short dislaiiee-. at the more iniporlant points.
As to its breadth being s.ieh as to permit six horsemen to ride
abreast of it, that, it wonld appear, ninst also be understood only
of particular |Kiints, most open to access, and not to apply to the
wholv of the inoniitainuns and diversified country over which the
wall is c.irried.
Uur judginent, after personkl inspection, is, that its height
and breadth are not eipial in every place; nor, iiuh'ed, is it neces-
.siry they should. When carried over steep na'ks, where no horse
can ])a<s, it is aljont flfieeii or twenty leel Inch, and broad in
proportion; but while running tliriaigh a valley or cros.<ii.g a
river, thero you ste a strong wall akait thirty fiet high, »iih
.sipi. ire lowers, at the <listai.ce ot a how ->hot troin (inc aiiotlii r,
and embrasures at eipial distances. The top 1 1' the wall is Hut,
inul paved witli broad t'lce stone; and wl.eie il lisesovera rock or
any eminenec, you a>eiiid hy a lire easy stone stair.
The bridges over ii\eis ainl torrents are ex<eedingly neat, being
both well contrived and executed. They have two stories of arches,
one above the oiher, to all'ord sufficient passage for the waters on
sudden rains or Hoods. "Tl.ia Burprising ])iece of work," snys
a traveller, " if not the greatest, maybe .justly reckoned «nici>g
the wonders ol the world. And the emperor, who jilanned and
ciiinpleted it, deserves (aino as inueh superior to him who built
the famous Kgyptiim pyramids, as a |><"rtbrmance of real use excels
u w ork of vanity."
llesldes the niaiii wall, there are at places semicircular walls.
These are more particularly met with at the places least fortitiid
by nature, and at the open passes of the inoiiiitains, as iiioie
particularly at the pass of Ku-pe-ku, or C<ai(M'koo. Tliefe an'
strongly built of the same materials and architeelure ns tne long
wall in the same iieiglibourhood, that is to say, of brick on a
tbnndation of large lilocks <if 6<piaro stones laid in mortar, and are
of'en of considerable extent, soinetilnis on one siile of the main
wall, and sometimes on tlie other. Ill these walls are strong
piles, constantly defended by a nuineriais guard.
' Most Kuropeans, when they wish to disguise themselves in
China, are ('(Hiiiielled to wear speetiieles to bile the length, heiirht,
and prominence of their iiosis. The Chinese, as a iiatimi, bavii
small turn-np noses. Heine they believed ibat Mr. Out^lair, who
I jd a small nose, and s|«ike Cliim se, must have U'cn the son ot a
Cliili«»e father who Imduinnjrated to Uermaiijr.
I
! i
I'l ; ii>
vn'!
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
15S
'^^^^ "z;^^^^- l^-^ir^'
RESIDENC£ OF THE FRENCH AND EMBII8H AM3ASSA00RS AT TIEN-TSIN.
Thev iirn iiiiKlo to jutiip in from flio liaiik. 'I'liis i.s
I'tri'i-tcil l>y jiiilliMi; tlu'iii liiMiii-i'. |iM>l,iii^' tlicin iViHii
lii'liiiid, iiiul strikiiii; tliciii mi tlic liahuclirs. I he Im.ils,
lis tliey Imvi' iKi ki'tl, riscinl)li' ulildiig tiilics, with llio
hiittoin flat ami a little rniindeil ofl".
Ill the ]iroviiic'i' nt' Kiaiig nan' the hfcl of tlic Yellow
Itivcr is nini'li liii,'liri' tliiiii the snrfiico of tlie countrv
throiij^li wliii'li it iims; its wai"rs are contineil Ky tlie
omlianknieiits for roads wliirli (re made on eaeli siile nf
it; liiit, unfortunately, when the iiea\y lloodscome un. it
frei|uently breaks throu^'h theso liaidvs. wliidi are nfien
hadly eonstrueted tliron;.di the si'lli>h e\i]iidity "f the
eoiitraetors ; then the towns of entire di-tiiets are in-
undated hy imist awl'nl tiomls. T.iuar'is tlie O'TiIi .4'
' Ki^oiK nan is divided into twii ilu{<uniiit'iiia. ICian^^su ami
Kiaiit! 81: Nankin is the chief town of the furmcr, Nariuli^tni; of
Ihe latter.
• The mode of cultivating the rice plant varies oonsidiralily
according to the climate and local circuiiistanei'S. The folluW'
ing is the method employed among tlie Chineae, who ciiltivati
it to a very great extent in the midland and siaithern parts o!
their dominions, the low groumls of which are annually tloodeil
uy the Kiaiig and the Yellow rivers. These extensive inun^la-
lions are occasioned by the heavy rains that fall near the sources
of these rivers, which have their origin in the Himalayan chain
of mountains. When the waters have receded, the earth is
covered with a thick coating of slime and mud, whici. fertilizes
th» tiround as perfectly as the richest manure. The ground is
then carefully harrowed, and this operation is Several times
repeated until it is well worked. In the meantime the rice
intended for seed has been soaked in water, in u hieli a quantity
of uiannre has been stirred ; this has forwar<led its growth so
■moll, that the vcuug plants appear above the grvznd in two
this river the eountry ;issuiiies a new ii]i|iearanee alto-
plher. 'i'iii' jialm tiei', the hamlioo. ami the riee-tields,
ate eXeiiaiiL^ed fir iiiniM'nse tracts <if corn and niillet.
We are now in the mid.-t of tiie )il;uiis (jf Shantuni;,
iiml feel no more llie d iiin> aiiiio~|ihere nf Kianii-nan,
nor do we hrealhe liene.iili iis elondy sky. Here we
h.ive a liry ami ratlna' pieriaii^; eold. ami a jmre and
eloudless heaven, and thinuuhont the whole journey
I'Iniids of diist that near y ehoke us; when the wind is
liiLdi and s irniy, immense whirlwinds ri.-e intn the air.
and ai;aih imii" down a dehlf^e of sand at an ineredihle
■ li-t.-im-e. .as fir nil' :is Su tehuen. and e\en further.
I iiirim.' ilie ]ia.s>,aL.'e i>l' these sami ch'ii.N in .Monc;..|ia,
ii is siiiiietimes meessary tn li^dit the lamps in tho
middle id' the il.iy : so iiiiieh i> the iii.'ht of tho sun
oliseureil, and llie air dn kened.
\\'.' ('r.^^^ed, al a ( liim-,i' |.,iee illiat is lo say, with
slow and heavy stejis), tin' plains ot' Shan Iuiil;. Every-
■ lays after they li.ive lie^n di posited in the earth. As soon as
tlie ynun;,' pl.ints have reaehed the liei','lit of si.x or jcven inches,
iliey are pulleil up. the tops are eut oti. the roots carefully
washed, and the h holi; planted out in rows, aljout a foot asunder.
Tlie first crop, for they olitain two in the course of the year, is
harvested about May or .Inne, ami the second in October or
N'ovember. The sickle einidoyed for the purpose of rea|iing
the rice is, like the Kmopi.-in instriiinent. Iient into the form
of a hook; hut the eil^e, iiist' ad of being smooth, is notched
like tli.it of a saw. The cldef food of the Chinese consists of
tins useful grain, prepared in various ways. They use no spoons
.it their meals, and it is curious to notice the dexterity with
which two small skewers called dwfi-ttickt are employed to jerk
the rice into their mouths; a kind of wiue is also prepared froB
the grain by fermentation.
m
■ri
IM
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
ill:
I -'I
whero tlicro were iioimlmis villii;,'c's, cnuiiMisi'il of
\ ri'tehiil lidvi'ls, Imilt of slnw,' miiiI |ili(.stcii'il hvit
witli luiid, ill till' iiiiilst of vvliii-li f»ro\v plaiitsitioiis of
willow .111(1 |io|il:ii' Irci's
Foi'iiici'ly soiiii- of those siii;ili h.imU'ts wiTf siir
iiioiiiil'it with a ruiii|i;irl. of iiiinl, ami ciu'IoscmI with
ilitcs. foriiii'il, no (loiil)t, liuiiiii; the civil wiir ; at
|i|'i'si'iit till' ruins of tlicsi' fortiliciitions aloiii' n'lii.iiii
liiiiiHclf. Others, or the iiiiiiority, sponil tlicir time in
(iriiii; oH" a siiccissiori of crai'kris ; all wear thi'ir
lirst attiri'. Till' woiiii'ii oiiimni'iit Ihfir licails witli
an aililitioiial profusion of llmvi'is The houses, for
oiiee ill the ye.ir, are cliisteil and swept soiiiewhal <are-
t'lllly ; tlie furniture riililieil ; ihi' |iapers foniiiii;; tlii!
wiiiilows, wliieli for so many iiionlhs have fallen into
tatters, are at leiicrth reiiewi'd. Strips of red paper,
NiiiiieiMus pajjodas relieve soiuewliat the iiiiiforiiiity of! pasted together, are sliiek everywhere mi the posts, tin
the laiidseape ; Imt as they all resenilili' one another si
niiieli, the eye soon beeonies falii;ued liy a new specie.-
ofinonotonv. You are alreadv accpiainted with tliesi
p i.jodas ; they tower some f'et aliove the ordinary
houses; their sntiiiiiits are decor.it.eil with draijons
li.ilioons. and wreitlis, all iiioilelled in plaster. In the
pillars, the janilis of the do.ns, the walls, the i liiniiiey-
pieci's, the couiiti'i's, the sidelioards, the shafts of the cur
riaifes, and even on the stalile doiu's. On each o( ihrse
strips are written in l.irj,'e characters a ;,'re,it nunilier
of seiileiices ; .some of these are moral .senience.s, iiiiiiiy
are epicurean, and the majority snperstitiiais. 'I'ho
f If end of the siiictii iry there is a liiii;e enorinoiis jjilt i hoiiseiiold ;;ods are fiieeted ; tiie drafjon conjured to
p .ss hy the house, and cntieated to discover sonic
;,'reat vein of we.i'.tli ; and, in short, that tiui hoiisi'
may lie completely tilled, from top tci hottom, with
very yellow ;;old, lio.inu; Kin, and precious stones,
Kiiiyu-maii-taiii,'.''
On the llltli we entered the |iiii\iiice of I'l'-clic li,
alter ten days' jonrney : we felt scorched, us it were,
ill a jilaiii of sand, which wliiiled ahoiit with the wind.
Tliis not ilied onr approach to I'ekin. We made our
way into this city at noon : oni' K"''''') whom wi' had
liircil at an adjacent Christian coinninnil v, took to
(lifjlit ; siiili arc the Chinese in point ol coiiiajic. On
the approach ot the ciistoni lioiise ollicers we j,'ot out of
our I arriai,'e. "Are you inaiidarins ( " said tlieytoiis.
" Whence do yoii come ( where are you fjiini; ( " '■ We
arc goiiif; ea~t and west." " Itiit what is yipiir occnpM
tioii ( What liii^iiii'ss are yc^ii ciiijaijed in /' " hovoii
suppose, then, we liaM' no liiisiness ( At all events
» liy do you wait! cxauiino our carriaj^c." We slipped
tlieiii l'DO sapecs (111 to Lli half pennies), then got in
ag.iili and enli'red the ti>wii.
We expected to iiiect some reiiiarkahle liiiilding,
soiii' road well Lid out, that air of comt'ort which is
iiotice.ilile oil approaching our large towns. J!ut, mi
the contrary, we know nothing vhroiighout the whole
of t/liiiia |ioorer or meaner than the outlets of the capi-
tal. We looked on all sides; we could not perceive
either palace or coiiniiy house, nor even a single gro\e.
The iiihaliitants of the hamlets and villages do not
seem to us more cmnfortalile or more relineil in their
tastes than the rest of tlic empire. We advanced at a
i I il, iiislalleil mi .1 tlirmie upon a raised pl.itforiii. It
finii is monstrous— a stiff lilack heard, thin like that
of ilie Chinese, and verv I0114. Ilowsihiwii t'rmii its ears
and its chin ; a liroad flat nose, small eyes sunken in
1 lie f ireheail, covered with thick eyelids, and stiilfcd
with some tr.inspafi'iit gum : a large paunch, which is
in (y'liiiia a dislinguislicd iii.irk of geiitilily, an I tin illy,
'norm iiis eirs. which hang down to its very shoulders.
Such ai'e the charactcrislics of the idol. Mere large ears
dciioic I great mind, aiiil the I'liincsi' all liclicvc that
their I'liiperor has Ion,' and very large cars. At the
ic't of the princi|i:il god .ire arri'iged, in a si'iuicirclc,
.1 iiMwil of iniiior divinities, with red, lilack, liliie. and
uT.'cii laci's. wh I rival one .•inother in iiglinc.s.s, grotc.sipi:'
appeariiiici'. .iiid horrililc aspect.
On oih lelt we li.i 1 the Iiiipcri.il ("and. Van- Leang-
lio. This lanal is largi-, and very licintifnl in some
pl.ices. We asceiiilcd it in Kiaiig nan, and Vang-
tclieou.ts tiir as the Ho.ii iigaii, 011 the \'ellow lliver, tcir
I 'riy leagues. .VII throughout it .seemed magnilicent.
South of Kiaiig we also ascendeil it ; it is soinetinu's
\ery narrow ami sliillow.- We have hccii .-tiMiided t
lliere on a --hoal. This was near Tcii-kiing; there
Were ill all two liundred junks straiideil there We
oMi'ii crossed this canal in Shan-tuiig It appeired
t 1 lis .scarcely navigahlc, and, in fact, whenever there
is;i drought it liecomes iinpracticalde ; open the sluic"s
as you may, the boats iiiakc^ little iiion; than lialf.i
league p.'r dty. Hence, this year, tic sea junks alone
li.ive conveyed rice to |irovision the country from
I'ekin to Tien tsin. It is erroneous to say (as a cele-
lir.ited gi'ograplier has advanced, rin the authority of a slow jiace, the .sand halfway n|ithe liorses' legs. There,
lecriied Iviissian. who was himself di'ceivcd liy some as everywhere else in these eoiintrie.s. the roads are
vaunting Chinese), that stone ([iiays line its hanks, eompletelv in ruts, and no oin' thinks of repairing
.ind that on each side there is a long row of houses them : every individual extricates himself as last he
I'loin one end t<i the other of its coni'sc. can. The ni.iiidarins have scarcely any other occupa
On the 4tli of February we reached Shantung, tioii than to extort from the people.
This w.is the tirst cl;iv of the Chinese vear. In (!liina, -
' Wlii'ii tluTc Is ,1 wiint el' rain, tlic Maiiilni'iii orders n fust for
till' Druiron nf W'nti'r, jiikI ;is a lust ri'Simrcc, tlicy curry hIhuiI his
iiiiap' in ]>riK'i'S-ioii, imd hnrii ])!ii)cr to liis lioiiour. Wlu'ii tlic
drn^tni is olistiiiiitt', :iiul tlic wcatlicr coiitiniii's dry, he is Itcatcii
' ami torn to |iiec(S. II is ri'l;iti'd Hint under Kin Kiii^', tlic llltli
Knijicror of llic M uitclin Tirt:ir dynasty, 11 loiin' dnnijilit liad
t'liincsc cottai;i'S ^.'.'ncridly are wrctdu'd l)inldin<r^ of di'soliited scvenil iirovinccs of ihc north, tint iis, notwitlistundinj;
nniKcroiis pri'C>'s,sions, tlic (lr:ij;i>ii iicrsi^tcd in not scndiiif; niin,
llic indi>:n:nit I'jiipcror liuiiiclicd !i<;:iirist liini a tliniidcrin^ cilict,
:ind condcinncd liiin to pcrprltiid cxiU' on the Itordt rs of the river
fsi, in tlic jnoviiu'c of 'I'oltoI. 'flic sentence was nlioiit to 1k)
executed, and the crioiiniil (|ia|i,'r iniiipi') was iirocccifuif; with
toncliinu rcsiiiiintion to cv'ss ihr ilcscrts of 'riu'tarv, and undergo
liis piiiiisliiin'iit on tlic borders of 'fiirkistan, wlieii the Hn|trt'iiiO
coniicil of Pckin went in a liodv to implore his pardon, iind his
Iiii|»'riiil M,i|('sly rcvokcilthc sentence iind reiiistiiti'd tliu dra),'Oil
ill his pusitin.i uii cunditioiis vi' bvlt4.'r cuiidiict fur the future.
on New-year's day, .ill travelling and smiie woi'ks are
suspended. Kach one thuiksof making the best cheer
]iossible. playing at dice and card.s, and thus ruining
' Tlh
mini iind stone, with ilamp e.irllicn tloors, si'.irccly lit lor caltlcto
sleep 111, iind rtiiiiind o'lC ot' w lint Scotch cotta^'t's witl' ii f w yfiirs
:iu'o ; hid tilting, loo.ie, crciikini; doors, jiiiper windows, dirty iiml
torn; ducks, irccsc, f'owls, do;;-, and (liiis in the house and at the
■1 lor.-i. iippurently claimiiij,' and ohtaiiiinj; cipiiil rijlils with the
iuinale-. Children. j:raiidcliildn'ii, and several di'irrccs hcyoiid,
lie iiiiddU'd to^rither, with thcii' sliavod heads, loiij; tails, and
str:iii;;e couliimc. in comic groups within.
■■' Its southerly toruiinution is at llwaiig-Cliow, in the C'lic-
KiaDg,
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
inn
lie
VVp (Milrrcil liy Hii' scuillii ill K''''' •""' li'i^'i'^il 'I'l'
Cliilirsi) (iiwn, ( (iiv-to-dlii'ii;;, IVdm wnilli Id iiortli.
Yi'ttt cimics II spiiriiius i|iiiiili'r, iiIiikisI iIcsciIimI ; siiliii'
ciiliins iiri' siiidiicil Iiiti' iiikI tlicri.' iiiiKPiinst a yrriit.
nuiiilicr nl' siii.ill HcM.-t 1111(1 kit('lic'ii-;,'iinl('iix, wlirri' imt
11 wiilli, lint a trc'i", riiinliiiirs iirii.iiiii'iit willi tillii^'i'
At'tiT a triiiisil. lit" liii lllilnl(l■.^ wr i'i'ihIhmI iIh' InlinliiliMl
i|ll;ir(rl's, lli'Xt. lit till' Tillllir tnwll, Milll tcliriij;. Its
riiiii|iiirts iiic liinliiT anil lultir Imill lli;iii tlinsn nl" tlic
Oliiiirsi' tiiwii : tlii'V iii'i' iiflirirl;. 'I'iii' i^iiti's hit llirii'
Htiiiii'H liiyli, iiml till' w.ills t'miy lirt liiyli. \\\' tra
Vii'Si'il, niiii al'irr aiml lirr, t lie vl I'i'i'ls iif tliis iiiiiiiriisi'
city, iil'liii liidiliril ii]i liy luii^ i(i«s 111' I'ani.mi's, wliicii
Cl'iissolic aimllici' in all ililrrtinlis, liy rami 'Is, Iiiiiirs, anil
jiorliis. \\ liat an ii|iriiar ! I'rkiii is, Ihiwcvit, iimrli
sil|i(iiiir ti) all till' < 'liiiirsi' towns we liaviM'Vrr iiirl
witli. Two ;,'irat Htrcrts iin^ jiriiiri|PMlly niiiarkalili' ;
oiKi is in till' (y'liiiiL'si' |)iii't III' tliii tiAvii, Mini tin,' ulliur
at till! 'rarlar mil 111" it. I'.iilli nf tlii'sc ari' sixty I'l'i't
wiilr ; tliry inn t'runi mir cinl nt'llii' town to tlii! otiirr.
It is licrc, <'S|iriially, tliat tlir Cliilirsi' lavislily ilis|ilay
(IciMuiitions on till? fronts of tlii'ii' sliii|is, in tin- sliapi'
of lar^r jjililiil cxtrriial oinaiiii'iits, fiiiiii'llislii'il willi a
tlioiisainl Jiirrrs of sriilpliii'i'. At rarli siiln of (hi'
sill)]) is its sii,'ii, wliirli I'onsists of a strong In'oail lioanl
covcrcil with viiniisli, on whirli tjilih'il charai-ti is aii'
])iiiiitt'il or cut. It is srt up on its rinl, ami is kept in
its ]iii.sitioii hy two liliuks of snilpliiri'il i,'raiiiti', ami
stands aliimt t'orly or til'ly fi'i't hiu'h ; iii'ar it arc polrs
painti'il rril, iiml siirmoiiiiti'il wit li a yilili'il lir.irl tuninl
ii|isiili' (lown. This I'onl'iision of sii,'ii hoanls ami p ilis
|il'i'srnts II siiii;iilar ami truly iiovrl appr.irani-i'. iii'siilrs
tlii'sc two stiTi'ts, wc have olisi'i'Mil a fi'W othi'is laiil
out ill straiijht liiii'S, hut not unite so wiilc, allhoiij;li
I'lithrr haiiilsoini.'. As to the olliors, tiny are not
worth iniiitioii. Crrtain ]iarts of the town an; paveil
with llay-stoiii's ; lint they are iine\('ii ami worn into
holes, for want of lieing propirly attemleil to, ami
tlierefoie iitliii'il all extremely unsafe way fur oarria'^es.
Almost everywhere there is a Mark niire. a hieli, diiriiii,'
the ilry season, Mimls the passers-hy, ami tills the .shops
withilust; ami iliirin.i; the rainy weather, what niiid !
and, eiiiiseipiiiilly, what ruts! Here the liiipiil.iliou
are ciiiitinnally perainlnilitini; the si reets, and paddliii!.;
iihoiit under the i^'ilded fronts wliiih ornanieiit the
shops, and doors, and windows, that ailinib the lii{ht
lhriiiii,'li oiled p.iper. In all I'ekiii we did not
see one silij;li' pane of i;lass. After sunset eoinplete
darkness prevails, ami the streets are entirely deserted.
In the '{'altar town (Maii-telnni^), the cross is still
standii.i,' that was raised on the jiiiinaclo <if iiii cdiliee
now in ruins, formerly the cathedral, or the I'or-
tufiiK'sc church, ■''^ome years ai;o, when this church
was closed, and its adjoiniiii,' liiiililiiii,'s, the hislmp's
lioii.so ami the .seminary, were destroyed, the Knipemr
wished this cro.ss to lie |inlliil down almii; with them ;
hut it is .sjiiil that he hesitated to i^jvc the older, fearinj;
chastisement and vcii;;eanee from the (iml of the
Christians. It (lierefoie remains still staiidiii;,'.
There is a < 'hurcli of the 1 iiimaeulate (.'lUieeption, at
I'ekiii, of toleralile si/e, eapal'le of containing; from
twelve to tifteeii liundied persons. It is liiiilt in (he
form of a Latin cros.s. It dues not heloiig to any order
of architecture, ami has iiothiiii; of the lame shaped
gotliio style ahoiit it. Its cut ranee is very elei;,inlly
udurned with festoons and inouliliiii;.s. cut in relief, in
tlie midst of which the holy name of .fcsiis stands
conspicuous. It is built in thu stylo of tbo I'ortui^iicsc
1fi5
I liiinhes. .Ml these decoralion.s nrn well oxrputril,
.imt wriiin;lit in plaster. The cross, which Kiirinouiitii
the priiieip.i! front, is si\ly det from the j;riiiiiiil.
Some authors have e,i incited the population of
I'ekiii at three millions; oihirs at two ; oiheis iii^aiii
at lilleen hniidred thousand, and soiiie even at a Inillioii.
I'ekin is ill iioint. of faet ahout. liflytwo lys in cireiim-
fereiiee, or ahoiit six leaj^ue.s, of live thoiisiind metres,
or t weiitydiiiir kiloiuelres (iilnnit eit^lilein mills Mn-
i^lisli). It is of ail irregular ipiadiil.ili r.d slmpe. ap-
pi'o.'iehin;; to that of a Irape/iuiii, and is eomposed i.f
fmr larne dislrirts ; iiaiiii ly, that of the (yliinese town,
< •.ly-lo-telieiii,', whirli firms, as it were, the has;- of the
ti.ipezium ; that of the Tartar town, or Meii-tiheiii,' ;
that of (he imperial (own, or llnaiii; Irlieii;,' ; and (hat
of the p.ilaee, or Tse-kili teliiii;^. This piilaee, wliiili
is nothing more tli.in a long slrinL,' of houses and court-
yards, tin;elher with a few ;;alileiis, is surrnunded hv il
wide ijiteh (llloil with water, wliieji is sunk on the
outside and at the foot of the houndary wall It is
ahoiit half a league ' or a iiiile .iml a half Kiii^lish) in
ciii'uinference. The Tieii-than, where the Kiiipei'or
repairs to .sairitice to the lieuveii.s, is alone greiiter
than the |ial;iee. The j,'ri'at coiiit hniises of the em|iire,
and several lai';;i' pa;;Hlas liesides, oeeiipy ii very coii-
sider.ilile space. The sliii|iHare in f,'eiieial iiiiinhaliited.
I'.\ery eveiiiii:; the shopkeepers, willi the exci pdnii ot
(111! walehiui II, return to their fimilies, w ho inhaliit
some luore relired neii^hlioiirhood, where, ]iropeily
speakiiii;, (hey are doniiriled. It is true, (hat in these
(Jliine.se hiiiises the f 1 iiiilies are en i« did all to;,'e(lii'r;
fadier, mother, childriii, ilaiiL;htii-. iii-I.iw, and tin'
;.',raiiddau^liters. Not « itlislainlni:,' this the houses
lire only one story lii^li. Kroiii all tin se considerations
it may easily '.e coneluded that tlio^e who reckon tin)
population of I'ekiii at alioiit a iiiil.inii come nearest
to the truth ; while, with re-peit to the suhiirhs, it is
ipiite II inistaku to siippoM' that tliiir population is so
i,'ri'.-it asliaslieeii stated We have jjoi.e tliroiii;li many
of them, ainoiii^ others tliat of llie south, which con-
tains the larj^ot liiluil'i r of iiili^diitaiils, and we found
it consi>leil of II siiij^le street, hardly a ipiaiter of a
: lea;,'nc (or two-thirds of iin I'lii^dish mile) in lin;.'lli.
"'he com.ueict.' of I' kin is far from heim; in juo-
I |iiirl loll to the capital of .so lafi,'!' an enipiie. It riiii\is
its silks from the midland towns, e.^peeiallv those ot
Kiaiii^nan, Soiitelieoii, Hani,' lilie"ii, and even Su-
, tchuiii. .'^Iiaii si sn;ipl es it w itii its felts ami its iron
I niaiiufaetures ; Shaiii;-! iiiig ami the .southern provinces
theirlilielis; ( ' niton. Sh.iiit iiii;;and .\ in t; pot heir printed
I hooks, itc. ; in a word, Tekiii imports most of the ai tides
I ofconsiimiition in their inanufactured and tlnished state.
Iiittle is made there e.\cc|it ohjeets of luxury, and
I iirtic les which are of little iiiiiiort;iiiee in the ordinary
1 u.se ot life. Iliiwover this may he, still the trade of
I'ekin is consideralile ; hut consists of a pro\i.-ioii and
stora,i;e trade. It is an imnieiiM' maixazine, into which
the rich productioiisof ci'dileeii provinces How, in order
to he thence I'arried I icy olid the ( ireat Wall, and hawked
to the principal stations and hordes of Mantelin-
Tardiry and .Mongolia, sinli as Moukdeii, (lliirin,
Tsi-t-i-kar. II:i-ta, !-!aii-tso-(,i, l.am.iini.io, ite.
<»ii the :.'."itli of Kehruary we ]iassed (he (Ireat ^V.lll.
We arrived at ( 'liaiiL; hai-koan, (he cusdim-liou.-e of
wliii'h is stated to lie the most riitoioiis of iiiiy in tliii
empire. I'liit happily for us it is always easy to iiiaiia;^o
matters widi the CliiiieM' police. With the expemli-
i turo of .some coins worth ahout two shillings, wo .si'ci'.reil
^n
I
lilt ALL ROUND THR WORLD.
our little ciirriu'^r I)_v iiiruiis of llir iimkci'|)('r, wlio i lioin>' in I ho day. Tlicy iirc ilcscrilinl as liciii/ cx-
liiiiisi'lt' f,Mt ii tlirciiiitli till' cmt Mill 111 iiisi'. Tiiwiirds ci'tiiiiisly apt dilijji'iit, iiml iMTsi'vciin;,'. 'I'lii! ItcmmiiiHt
I'Vi'iiiiii;, wlii'ii it was dark, wi' {msMi'il tliix faiuniiM iiii^'Miiiii of KiaiiLtiiaii niiiiilirrs 40 itiis.siniiai'ir.'t. and,
i'ani|'iil. a Ica'.'iii' t'liitlic r In till' West. Iiy iiiu' iit'lliiisi' it. is .saicl, idmiit Mi, it I) c niivcits. 'I'lic sniiinarv of
iiiiiiitriais lirt'aclic's wiiicli allnrd niicIi an casv |ia.ssa;{i'. 'I'mi^^-Ua-'riiii coiil liiis I's I 'liini'M' siiidiait^ in llii'olo^ry,
'I liis wall is ciiiiMlplinu, jii^t lil<i' llii' I 'liini'su ciniiii't', and llicrc arc also '.\'ii scji.icils, wlicri' ."lOOIl rliildicM
and is (h'cayiiii; « illi ai.'"'. ( )n a tiiriniriiri'asioii, wlifn al'i^ I'din'ati'il liy ('iirisiian masters 'I'liri'i' isal.sullic
wi' arj'ivrd tVcan Sn-trliMn, wc cIimi'imI llic ( liinc.-c iVnn | " Saiiile-Kiit'anrc," at wliirji I'li" cliiMri'n, aliandDncd
tirr witiaait nnlicani; anv Ni'slij,'!' ol' tills slu|i('ndniis l.y lia^ir |iii'rnls, \mti' slii'llcrcd in tlicyivir 1 ■'.")7 alcmi'.
work. Ill |Miiiil 111' fact, tin' wall dni's not c'xi--t in many 'I'lii'si' mi-h at'iiTwards |piit lait to srlmol, or in t'ainilics,
|ila('Os; iindiiiilitidly not in llic iiio^t dcsci'tod jocali 'ortlicy am tiiii,dit i. Iradi'. Scr\iii' is |MTtornicd ,il,
lies. IliTc it sicms to lie lliiily I'li'l lii,'li. lis lii>iioiis tlif calln'ilral at ToiiLt-k i Ton, liy a ilioir wiili tails and
arc distant from one aiiotliii' ; and irri';,'iilai' lial I Iriiii'iits liii'iii'du|i hIiois ; tlic ort;aii is of iiainlioo, and tla^
iTowii its siinimil. wliicli i> lioin fiu'hl to ti'ii ti'i't liroad. |iri'ai'liinL; in l'llin^s(^ 'I'lirso Cliini'si- rliori.sliTs also
It is liiiill of liriik, or rallirr it roiisi>ls of a mass, or , won' lials IioitowimI IVoin llio fa-liimi of tlio iincimt
loiij; cTiiliilnknicnt consliiHlcd of iiiiid, ami faced at | dynasties, for iiotliing is so disres|iectfiil us to icmuiit
ea(di side with a contilinoiis iaiii;e of laicks fonnini^ a j tincoveri d in (.'liiiia. The Laziiisls iiave removed
)roiita;,'e for it. This wall, which is tina\ailal)le in i from .Maeaoto Sliaii'.diai, Tins onler lias also a colleL'c
refereliee to utility, eniiineerin;;, and ai'cliitectnre, is, if j and eoiiM'iit at Niiii,'|io. That China may Mow he
viewed ill itself, a f;ii,'anlic work ; hence its erection |irononncrd iiiiei|iii\ '.cally an <p|ii'n country, we lidievi'
exiiansted the resources <if the einiiirc, and luineil the i to laj certain. The |irincijial tradini; towns on her
M'liscle.ssdie-hoaiii;, « ho rcii,'iiiMl. if wc may lielieve the coast, the largest islands at tliu nioiilh of her rivers,
Kiiiiukicn, or Cliiiioe Annals, iilioiit the tinio of tins lire now |iroiioniiccd acccssihlc to the trade (d'th- voild,
.M.iccaliees. Me caused all tin? liooks he could tind. i from the I'Xtrnii! east .ilmn; her three thotisnid miles
tliroii'^hont the extent of his em I lire, to lie liiirned ; and | of coa^t, up to the iior'h, and even to Pckiii itself,
ill order, as it were, to eteiaiise his name, raised this j Of what im|ioriaiice is this trade, and of jiow much
iiit;loiioius wall. The work was liiii>iied in livo year.s, , [jreater imliorlaiice it was to the trade of Eii;,dand
from l.aiitcliciiii, the ea|iilal of Kan son, as tar as that .some chaii<;e should have iieeii ell'eclcd in the
I 'ham; hai-kiieii, where' it tcriiiiii.iles, a line of t'unr mclliod of carryini^ on coiniiierco with China, can
hundred lca<,'uc.s. The workmen eni|iloyed, hut never ' lie estimated from the tact tii.it tln^ lei,'ilimale e.\|iorls
|iaid. w<'re innumeralile ; a t;reat ni.iiiy perished, some of Sli,injj;liai alone, d iiIiil; If^y.K wiio .t 1 l.|l."ili,ll(Ml,
■ if starvation, others of fatii{iie and I'old. A t leiii,'ili, ai;.iinst an im|iiirl of only .fii," l''!.'i-7 sterlin;;, a.
at a later ]ifriiid, the stupid and ferocious ( 'he lioaii;;; lialaiiee aj;.iiiisl iis ol live and a ipiirter niilliniis,
was assassinated ill a mo>t awful manner. .and Sh.in:,di li rc|iii>iuls only one-third of the
v\',, , .f ,...1,1,. I ii... r s.li'..!' I ... i.,i.i> ..„ l>li..i, Ji.,<' I.' • I....I.. „.;>i, I 'I,;,... 'I'l I.. ,,.o .),,.,., ,,..:. I
or riioiihav.
»> e neiii loioin iiie >■! i i.i i 1011-, 01 i rcneMai. r.iin ipcaii trade witli ('liiu.i. The customs iliics paid
This .sea of I.ea-loiiL,', alioiii foil y Iciltucs in lireadih, liy Kiiropeaiis into tlii^ pml id. me, amounted, in llS.Vj,
is not iiavi^alile <lnriiii,' llie wiuicr. The imu'r licud to .t;l,.'illl, 7'.'- sterling;,
of the gulf to the nortii is entirely frozen, ami llio
iii.irL;iii alluo^t always coiii,'cali(l for many leagnos
fioiii the shore. W'c wandered ovci' the icy solitudi'S.
XIV.— CorlllX-ClIINA.
Ili.'y .■oii-ist of hn^M' icelici-s piled up like acciimn- ^ t,„, ^,,..,„t ,.,,,„,;a Kiopire of C is composed nf
l.il,.il.;lill>. an.lpreseiiliiiu-atadl.stancetheapp..uraiice „„„„,,„„, countries Ivi.n- hev.aid its.df, wlia'h liav
ol ail imiiicnsc plain scatlired over with riiiii.s. I his ,^..,,,,,^, ,,^ .^ cki.owledgliient of a .soverei:,Mil v hn't
.,ea. however, les in the same laim.de as Naples. 1 he ^,,,,|,„,, ^,,,,, vcrv liudil Iv cxerci.sed These are "Mo,,-
coast sca.st and west are thickly inhalMl.i. At tlieendol ^.^ , .M,.„„,|„iria, 'ihilict, and tliet orea,^ (to each ,.f
llici,'ult theri'are meadows allotteil lor tlie pastiiragi' ol
the imperial ca\ ,iliv. 'I'hev 1 .\teiid verv far imrl liw.ird, •, „, . . , , , . ,.,.
, .1 I 1 '.■ 1 1 ' 1 ■ M 1 1 ,1 I li.' iiiiaii'itv 111 I'litll' lliiit pilars (liuMi nil" ( luna Iniiii till'
alon.iX the lialiksi.l the {.cm, nearly t'l .Moiikdni, the ^,^^^, j„.^,.,|,^ ,,, :M,i„..,|,ia la.u'rv, i, .lc,<c, Miul as liii.nr vc.v
capital ol Shin-Kiiiu'. ill M.oitchuri.i. I he l'',inp"ror ol j,,.,..,,, T,,,. mcilicr ef sliiv]! , iis-iu- n.c umIc in tlic no'at wal'l,
( 'hina fancies lie has in his limad meadows of .Maiit.hii- tliat isii,.ai-,-.st to I'lk.n, al is i-iiin iiiil at twiiily live iialliiMi.s
Tarlarv and Mom,'olla more than 11 liundred llioiisaiid ai,iai:,lly. Tlic tut^ii naailuT annually I'lii.iin^; riiiiia iiiny tlan
hol-scs': hut. verv ti.r from it. Tho mandarins 1,,.,^. 1- -sliauli'ilat frm, sixl.y t.. si.t^.livc .nila.,as. Heme slur,. >„•.
, . 1 1 ", 1 , ,- 1 • ,. 11 ahniist laliuliiaslv I'liraii in tin.' iidi-llii'iai iimvnii'cs, lull tlicv arc
cultivate the nest lainls lor llicir own prolit, anil leave • ■• ■ ■• .. >• .■ .1
cultivate the Lest lands lor their own pmlit, and leave ^ ,,,„.,,,y „„,j „.i,|-, „,„||, „,• ,|,„ Yiui-lsc kimnri tlic iimvinns
the marshes nnreclailiicd. I In tlie llh of .March, we licynnil, licinnnivi'iiil with r'cc. Imve no pastunncs wlicicwitli In
at last reached the vill.igt; of Y,.I||,' koall (Sun Hotel), ; li'cil tln-ia. We n.ay imw olitain, liy tliis 11 ns.iiii ciinal supply
situated tin Icamies from thi' .sea, not •••r fioui the ' "*' «ci.l li-nn Cliini mi this siilc i.tAsia, that «e arc sickin^; Irani
town of Kav Ichcou. From Kav tdicon, to the olher I H"; I'l'f"^",'' ""-' ln;l'.s en th,' otlicr , , , , p, ,,, . „,
. ■ • 1 ", • ■ . I " ""' t '"'can ri'niii>nla is a Inlmlarv KiiiL-ilinn "' I im.n, ni
siile ut the Ainoor. where is tlie l.ii.ssian Iroiilicr, there j s,.,,,!^, ,.v,.rv vcar, an cinhassy ti. I'ckin. 'lint the an Imriiy nf I
lies a distance of live liunilled lea;.'iles (.ilioiit \'i'f2 ' ('cli>lial Ivinpirc nv.r this jiciipli' is pnicly iiiiniinMl; no I'liiiic
..:!.. l."*....!! 1 . . .■ ..1 ; I. ... I ... 1. 1 I .',.._ /I ..i I ;. :i, .1 * :.!.. ;.. i" ....« .. if '..<•.>. ... in ll... Cliiiu
,....., V... ;, ■-. .'ipial supply
situated tin Icamies from thi' .sea, not •••rfioui the ; nt' vvinHpiin ('liiiii ..11 1 lii.sMili'i.r Asia, that vve arc s.ckini,' Irani
11 ■!
lllie
_ ^ - n|iin' iiv.r tins iiciiplc IS I .
mill's Eligli-.|ii, of which two liiiinlrcd and til'tv (aliollt j 's pcnnilud to ri-iilc in Ceica, nnr a ('.ircaii in the Cliilicse
lerriliiry. Sn >lii:lil is the Ic'iliMj; nf ciinnci-linii lici vvccn the
Minlrics th.it llic Kiissian .\ilniiral I'unliiitin was at cniu
11VI...'.,I 'lil.K.., 1,1111111.11,1, mill Dili \, .111,-11 IjIM-
intelliL;encc of ihc arrival of certain appointed vessels,
either for our own iiinrii or in advi.lKe of the expedi-
tion, in funher.ince of whiell our iinpiirics had lieeii 1
d i reeled ." . .m',. i m- „ .u n im n, ,,.. ' ■ ,. ., ,; .,
v '.,, 1 • • ,1 r -i o .. r» , iir ■ evil .'cnii ; in ri'alitv, hinvcvcr, liy the .Maii.lar'.ns, wliiise particular
.Near Mialigliai is the .lesiilt college of /e-ka-\\ el. ! i,l,.,„ „|- p„li,ical ec'inimy hail tlivm to iiif.T lliattln.so vvlni hunt
it has ahout ime hundred jnipils, who work thirteen fur gohl are not likely to sow tla- earth thiy dm "•■ '"■■•
— .n ■ ' ^.' '
77lj miles are freipieiiled liy furce and sav.igi; trihes
lleri! our duties ti'rminated, and we awaited th
euinlnes tli.it llic Kiissian .\ilniiral runlnitni was at cniu
time iilili;.'iil Id iiili I'l'ie (in lichilfut llic slnpwnckiil crew if a
Ciiineso Jnnk, wli "•1 the Cureans vvirc aliiint tn niassacre. The
riv.rs in'this einii n f.ll nV' r heels nf -uM. The e\islence of
three giilil iiiines i-«ill kn.iwn, twii i.f wliieli are mil vviirked,
heeaiis,. the vvi.rknien, as I lie natives tell us, are ilriven away liy
,.. , 1-. .1 M .. 1 1 >•:„..<...
up. Tliu
\\i
CTIINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
whii'li w<! linvp liroTi clDsrly n|i[irii\iriiiilin'^ t'niiii llii'
fliilfof l.cf.d tiiin;) llii- l-oiit'liiMi ImIii, 'riiiikiiii;, t'iiMi-
lici^iii, and CimIuii Cliiiin, tn tlm lillir of wliicli \m'
UDW |iiii'iiciiliirly ii(liln'.sM oiiiNflvc-*.
Till" ioiiiic\|iiiliiinii (it'll Kiciicli iiiiil SiiiiiiUli lorcc
to Oiicliiii < 'liiim, (lis|.iitrlic'il, ill l><-"i''<, to iiMlif,'" the
I'liicl iiiiinlri' (if t«o ('Mtlioli(: liMNsiiinarii '^i, twelve
native priotN, iiml liiirticli liiitivo < 'lirisliaiiM, liesiclcs
tli(! (le.sli'iii'linn of llie convent!* iilid eliMnlies of tlie
( 'hi'ihtiiin coiiiiiMinily, reunited in llie cii|itnre of tlie
tiMdiM)r town iind |>i>i't. lit tlie mouth of tlio river
Siiii,'on, till) (li'slnietiiiii of its fort.-i, and tin' taking
liosseHsion of lliu iidjaeeiit district of 'I'oiirani!, tliu
ex|ieditioii terininaliii;; its cMiii|iaii,'ii liy ii jjullant vic-
tory over MttOO (Jo 'liiii (Jliinr>e, who wen; (liiveii out
ot 11 strong liiii) of fcM'tilications iit the [loiiit of the
liayolict hy h'ss than l,l»ll() Knro|ieaii troo|is.
At tilt! Honlliern exticnii(y of Aula, iiiid ]iarallel
with India, |iropeiiy so callcil, lies a vast |ieninsnla,
extcndin;,' from tln^ I'Jthto the inHlh deizive of cast
loii;,'itnde, and fnim the tropic of Caiicrr to the Kcpia
tor. I'oundeil on the iiortli liy Chiiia, 'I'lliet, I'MMitan,
and I?cn;;al, and on tla^ other three sides hy the sea,
it is aliiiMst encircleil liy the Ainlaiiiaii Islands, iSinna
t.-ii, liorneo, ami the l'liili|i|pines. \\ hiUt its indented
shores are roiindeil towards the cast, it forms almost a
stiiiii,'lit line in tho west, termiiiatinif in the iieiiinsnla
ot iMalacca to the siaiili. .\ eh liii of liionntaiiis, ciai
nectcd with the lliiiial.i\a raiiiie, reaclns from the
trontiers of China to thi^ Siriils of Siiii,'a|jnre, dividiiii,'
the cimntry into two parts, and K'^''"J? ''''*'' '" ''vers,
which llow friaii their sides to the riifht and left. 'I'lie
Son^' ka, .Me-koii, or .Mav koiii;, and Mo-naiii, or M.iv-
niim, disch.ir;,'!' themselves into the .sea "t China;
whilst the Salmieii, the Irawaddi, and J!ralinia-|puolr.i,
tliw into the ll.iy of lieiijial.
'I'lii; popnlatinii of this vast coiiiilry amounts to only
t\ventv-li\e millions, a cunseipiencc of tli.' insaliilnity
of till! country. Numerous trilies, liavi'c^ their ori;;iii
ill I'ppcr liidiii, overs|ireal '.lie innlherii ]iidviiiccs,
hut li.ive heeii as yet iiiiicccssilili! to the curiosity ot
travellurs. 'I'liu snutlicru shores art; covered with colo-
nics of Malays, a wirlike people, who havo also overrun
the iiei'^hlMMiriiii; islands. Two distant nations, how-
ever, divide lict\v(M'U them the cmiiiitMif tho ]n'ninsiila.
'1 he Assam and tins l>urm.iu empire hetokeii, hy pre-
servation of castes and name, their Indian nationality
and proximity; whilst the Ann.imite empire, which is
on the frontiers of Chiii.i, is triluifary to that onuntry.
and liorrows from it its military and civil constitution,
its Worship of CiHifuciiis, its lani;uai,'o of nioiiosyllahlcs,
and its writiiiii; the expression of word.s, not ideas. It
is, thcicfori!, doiHiminate(l ju--tly an liido Cliincso I'eiiin-
sula. I'liddhisni, the reliirmcd rclif^ioii of liraliminisni,
rcifiii.s, however, alike over hoth eiii|iir( s, from the
hanks of tho Irawaddi to thoso of the Son;,' ka; a reli-
gion which has for ages siihjccted niif-t/nrd o/thi'. Iiidhhh
r<K'e to tho saint! moral and intellectual servitude, and
now llrst confronted with the law of Christ, in its
purity ami simplicity.
In l.").")7, when Francis Xavier first led forth Chris-
tianity in all its majesty, to |irosclyti.se and liuiiianise
thuse regions which the sword had conijuered, a liishopric
Riissinii iliiiin of tlip prciit siiiitliern lii'tiil iif the Anioor, mid lior
IHisscssion of tl'C river Smipiri, or Seiiiipiri, as well 119 oilier
ntHueiit8 of tlie AiiUHir, lirinj; licr ill tcrrihlo proxiiiiity to the
CoriHiiis, whose iiidcpviiileif(» ia (criously nieiiacod.
was estalilisheil at Molucca, to follow np such sjiiritiiBl
instructions lis hail crept in since l."i:.'l, when the I'or.
tllL.'Uesc n.u ii,'aliirs tirst reached tlies' slwitcs. Intu tho
history of the ell lire h here our limits foi liid lis to enter.
\Vc may, hmvever, hrielly notice that the teiiitorv was
divided into live viearatcs apostolic of A\aanil I'eyii,
Siaiii, CoeliJM ( 'hiiia, western and eastern 'roin; kini;.
'I'liis will si ow the st.ite of ( 'hi jsi ianity ill luilo ( 'hiiia
under ihe lloiiiaii (,'alliolie ( 'lain h.
In till? kiii;;dnni of Aniiain, honleiiiif; on China, tin?
Word of tJoil, liist heard i;i I0:.'7, was responded to liy
I'llD.IIDO ciunci-sions. .M.M. (le la Mothe J„(mlicrt anil
I'alla, sent to ^'Jitherin this liaiM'st, founded, to supply
11 BllcccHsion of fellow-laliolirers, the Society of I''orei(.;ii
.Missions in I'aris, so many of whose hrethreii have
since nolily vmui the liloody palm of iiiaiiynlom in
di-tant lands. Calin and pcrsetulioli siici ceiled each
other ill tlieir usual eonr-e, until the Idshop of .\dran
was called to ti.e councils of the Kinj; of Aiinain, and
(•111 rusted with the ei I neat ion of the heir to the throne.
.Ml .seel 1 fr:iui;lit with the lirifihtest Chiistian hope,
until the ascent of the tyrarit iMiiili .Mcni,'totlie tliioiie
liriaiiiht with it cruel persecution ; f.r, like I 'iocletiaii,
he declared his |iuipose of lootinj} out the very name of
Christian
A worthy missionary of olden times — one of the
first in Ihe kiii;,'iloni — ]!orri, a Milanese, of the .So
ciety of Jesus, deserihes Cochin ('liiiia as ''a land
as to its climate and seasons of the year hahitalile,
on account of the friiilfiilness of its soil, ulioiind-
in<; ill ]iriivisions, fruit, hirds and heasts, and tht.'
sea in choice and ilelieioiis tisli ; and most healthy,
lieeaiise of the t xcel.ent temperature of the air, ilisn
iiiucli that tlic.se peiple do not yet know what the
|>laL;uc is. It is rich in ^'old, silver, silk, coliimha, and
other tliilii;s of i;reat value, lit for trade on account of
the ports and resort of all nations; peaeeahle hecaiise
of their loviiij,', jieiierons. and sweet disposition; and
lastly secure, not only hy tho valour and hravery of the
('ochin ('liinesc, aceonnltd sm h hy other countries,
and their store of arms and skill in nian.ii,'iiii,' them ;
hut even hy nature, \\ liich has inclosed it on the one
side hy Ihe sea, iiiiil on the other hy the rocky alps and
iineouth moiintaiiis of the Keiiiois. This is that part
of the earth called Cochin China, which wants iiothiii;,'
to make it a jiart of heaven, hiit that God should
.send thither a j,'reat many of liis aiii;els — .so St. .(ohn
Clirysostoiu calls apostolical men, and iireachcrs of the
Cocliin-China is, like China, divided into a iiiimher
of provinces, hut these may he ;,'r(iupcd into three };reat
(li\ isioiis ; the north .ir liii,di ( 'ochin China, whose capi-
tal, Jluali, is tho royal city; the central, in which is
sitiiateil the fine port of Toni-.ine, or Toiiranni! of the
Fit iich, and now occii|iied liy that jiower, hut hy the
natives known simply as Ilaii or Tur haii ; and the
city of Fail'ii, which was for a loiii; time the coin-
niercinl centre of the country. The wars which deso-
lated Cochiii-China at the latter part of the last century
tlcstroyed the city in yreat part, although it still con-
tains a considerahle Chinese ]io]iulatioii in addition to
the natives, and who carry on a tolerahly active coiu-
nicrcial intercourse with the mother country. This
tli.strict isalike picturesipie and fertile, and at the same
timeless unwholesomt! thin some others, from its heing
hilly.
Further to Ihe south is the port of Kua-gia, in n
region of crumhliii<; lirick towers — relics of a once
\
IS8
AU. ROOND TUB WORIJ).
;,
jKiwcifiil clyrmsty, known a» tliut of Sininpii. Tliis, |
(i>;iiiii, in fdiliiwril liy till' |inrt nt' NlmliMMi,' nr Hiiilioii,
ilisjiMsi'il in II kill! I of iiiii|>liiilM':iti<', u illi |>l;iiiiiitioiis iit
arfc'ii, lirlil iHit, yiiivcM (pf iiiiilliii IV, mill lii'liln of rice.
A Fli'lnll ollinr CMIlslnirlnl II Nllolinllulil lit tins I
|ioiiit, wliiili Nii-li'iii'l two [<ii'.is: (iMi- ill 17!'2, iiml |
iiiiotliiT ill 171'!. 'I'lii' ol.lcr ciiiHtiil of tlu- Si;iiii|M'M'
or l.oVH WIS Hitiiiili'ij ill tlif soimIii'I'ii |im't of Ci'iitnil .
<'iii'liiii l'iiiii:t u ii'^'ioii Nsliii'li |iriiiiiu'i's ('lidiiy, iiiiil thu
still iiioni Viilimlili) Kiiiaiii or brrntcil ('aiticwooii.
'I'lii'si' SiMiii|ii'sii liiul omc I'liiiiiiirii'iiil irlitioiiH witii
tlio II itioiis of till- fxtniiiii I'.iist, iiiiil wi' all' tolij nf
oiii) of till' .liiviiiirsi' ciniM Tni-i wiililin;; a ilaiij,'lili'r of
till! Kiii<{i>f >iaiii|i:i, ill till' llfli'i'iilli (riitiin; l<ut tin'
fi'w that fi'iiiaiii in tlio ini'scni ilav ihvrll away in tin;
iiiiiiliitaiii I'l'e'css s. I
r.astly, WIS liavi' tlm sniitlii'iMi jmrtiim of rochiti- i
( liiiiiv, wliii'h ('iiiii|ii'iMS a |iait of Cliuiilionia, foriiinly
kiiiiwii as l)ll^' iiai, tin' tii'M of ili'iT, Init now ili'.-i;,'
nalt'il Saiynii. 'I'liis ilistriit is in rrality coiistitiili'il
hy till! ili'lt I of till! yii'at rivi'i' M ly-Kmi;;, ainl it anil
it.s i'a|iitiil liivi! )iassi'il away iiitu tin- liainls cif tliu
Kri'iii'li. That hrainh of tin) .May Koiii; U|ioii wjiicli
till' |mi't ami town of Saiiti'ii is Imilt, can lo iiavigatt'il
liv till! iariii'st nii'ichanlii '11 for a ilistaini! of sixty
miles froiii its mouth.
'rill' mi'iiory of a j.n'cat |iiii't attaches it-df tn this
river. Oaiiioeiis was ri'Mii'iiiii:^ frniii liis exile at Macao,
in l.'dll ; lie was oa his w iv to enjoy, in the liosoni
of his fiiiiily, a furtiiiie which he hail ciiiii|iii'iiil liy his
iiiiliHli'V, when 11 frii,'liifiil teiii|iest arose, ami the slii|p
that liore him was str.iml"'! anl lu'iikeii u|i. Me iievci'.
iheless saveil liimself, ami with liim the iiiaiiiiscri|it ol
the " Liisiail.'' ■'Look at the river Mecoiii," he .says,
'• proi-l.timeil sovereii,'!! of rivers, as it tlnws tlinaiyh
the [ilains of ( 'aiiil'iiL;i:i. One iliy, in the liiiilst of its
repose, it receiveij on it.s lios|iilalilt! liank.s verses
moistenoil with the ocean's waves, ami iire.served from
u i^rievo'is ami miseralili) wreck, w en struck hy an
unjust decree, liu to whos' .somiriiiis lyre liioro i;liiry
null roiiowu are acconleil than lia|i|iines.s, foiiinl liimself
oast away aiiiiilst |irivatioiis ami ilaiii,'ci'S iiiiuimerahle."
(Lusiad, X. 1J7 )
In l<it.'5 a I>uleli emhas.sy went nj) this river, under
the iinfortiin ite liet;eiiiiiie-i, who wa.s as.sissinated with
all his followers, at the iiiomeiit when ho was aliout to
he iiitl'odiic 111 to an ainlieiiee willi the kill;;. The two
ships that l)roii'.^ht them were then seized and thu
crews mass,icred.
Two years lielore that the eiiler|iri~:ni; Van Diemen,
who had foumled the l>iitih factory at Toiii)niii, and
nude.' whose auspices it wils that the uiifortiiiiale at-
tempt was made to win over the murderous Kiiij^ of
('aiiilio<;ia to commercial intercoinniunication, liail
ori^aliiscd an explor.itury expedition up thi! May-koim
to the kiii'.;doiii of Laos The party succeeded in
asceiidinj.; in boats as far as to Wiiik-yan, which was
at tli.it time the Kovil City Tlii-y found the river
to he wide ill jilaces, hut in others, on the contrary,
to he narrow, apd ohstructed liy rocks They hml
often indeed, to etlect jiort :ii,'es. and lencv,- the iiavii;a-
tion at a higher point \'illa'^'es and towns were met
with on the hanks of the river, pretty will hiiilt, after
the tiisliion of the country ; and they were, all ;,etlii'r,
seven weeks on their journey. The emhii.ssy wa.s no*-
unfavouialily rei'(!iveil, albeit all the extravagantly
exclusive and vain observances of an oriental despot
i.iu wirr as usual adhered to ; but all the advantages
that cniild have liecn denveil from thn oxpeilitinn Were
frustrated by a iialiNe revoliition,
Althiiiigh so little visited by I'airiipeans, niid it
appears to lie Very doubtful (althoiieh Spanish iiiiHsion-
iiries from the I'liilippineH wrote in l.V.Ml of l.nim as
a rich ami powerful country, and as if lliey knew it
peiMiiially) if the missionaries really did visit it, Ijuh
is kiiiiwii in actual times to be a depemlent, prostrated,
miscriibie emiiitry, to which (''cliiii t'liina professes to
be a niotlier and Siam a father ! The father, indeed,
iiillii'ts Honictimcs a lillle parental chastiM'meiit, im in
l"--!^, when the king of l.,ios, having omitted to send
the tree of gold emblem of \assal telime to liaiikok,
an iiriiiy of twenty Ihoiisand men was sent to put Laos
to till' lire and sword- a, siiMige misNion which is said
to have been eariicd out to the letter, the king him-
self h.'iviiig been iiiaile prisoner, and conducted to
liankok in an iron cage, whcic lie was siibjcclid to
the most atrocious tortures that oriental ingcniiily
could devise,
Kli'|iliants, rliineccroses, tigers, monkeys, boars, ami
deer, till! latter of very large .size, are met with in these
countries. Thu elephant is a wvy tine animal, similar
to the one of Heligal. The best conii! from Caiiibogia,
and our ('liinese autliority, before ipioteil, says that
there are ."i.tKHI kept tor llie piii|ioM' of war. Ccrlain
it is, that amongst the Coi hint liinese the clepliaiit is a
most ii.Mltil iiiid iiidefitigable ncivaiit. The lioiscs are
small but agile ; iisses and mules are also C'lmnnin
The number of tame cattle, such as Imlliiloes and co«s,
is said li> be M'ly great The liiilliilo is a large animal
ill ('','imliiigia, but il ilw iiiilles down in ( 'm hin-Chiiia to
a small i'i'ilili.>-li-bi'o\\n bea.-<l without a liuiiip. Sliangr
to say, the natives, like m.iiiy oilier people of the
extreme east, do not partake of the llesli of blltlldoes
or tows, and actually abhor milk !
Cochin-China is the iiiiligei.mis country of tlie do
luestie fowl. It would liarilly be thought that the
tall, long-legged .species the liiinr of a iiioiii. lit 111 this
country— was the |iiogen lor of our own diminulivc
liiee. Th(! rearing of high bred Mirietiis of fowls is a
pa.'-'sion also with the I 'ochin-t hinese, iiml the eriiel
spectacle of a coi;kliglit coiis.itiitcs one of their
national iiastiims. Wild ducks cover the lakes and
marshes, and even tliu rice imiiid;ition,s, at certain
.sea.soiis of the year, and tame ducks iire reareil in
im redibli! numbers, A l.irge white guose, of ii diircniit
breed from that seen in ('lima, is reared at Saigon.
Kisli abiaiml in the lakes and rivers, as also on the
I coast The fisheries on the latter, especially, are very
|iroduitivi', iiiiil the fish are of the ranst and must
delieious kinds. A great liuiiiber of hands are employed
cariying fi.>li from the sea-eoast to all parts of the
i kingdom, as well as what are engaged in tlie fisheries
theiii.selve.s. 'I'he ( 'ocliiii ( 'liinese Use a kind of sauce
, which they call bahicliiani, made of .salt fish iiiaceratcil
: and stiejicd in water. This is a sharp liipior, not
unlike mustard, and serves more especially to render
the ordinarv boiled rice palatalilo. The islands al.so
abound in tiie edible nesis of the salang.in swallow.
I The population of ('ochin-China is coiuposed of four
ilistinct rices: the Annamito, the Canibojiim, or
Cambogians, the ShampeM', or Cliampe.se, or J.K>ys, and
the .Moys. The .Vniiamite race con.-titiites the chief
i population of Tonipiin and Cochin (,'liina. The inliabi-
j tantsof these two countrie.s, although freipiently nt war,
speak the .samt! language, are gmenied by the same
laws,aiid are controlled by the same habits and nmunurs.
If"fl ' I
i fym^in.
'J
■J
IfMT
Kiivjii'J'i
<
■J)
ir.
' ■ '1
i \
I
>i
§
!l|
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
163
Thp Oaiiibngians call theiiiselvos Kanitner, or Koomicn;
tla-y spoik ii (litrcri'iit laii<juii;^e IVoin that of" neigh boiir-
iiij^ nations, but tiicy ivscnililt' tho Sianiost? more than
any ottuT ])('()|ilf in tlu'ir iippciirancc, their laws and
relif;i(>n, and their state of civilisaticin. 'i'he latter is
of ancient date : they ustMl to send aniliassadors to
Clii.ia in the yt'iir GIG. Constantly at war witii iSiani
on the one side, and Coehiu-China on the otiier, they
appear to have attain(Ml the zenith <>f their power in
the tentli century In the twelfth, tliey snlijecteil the
latter country. Kubiai Kh. in invaded them in 1-'G8,
but tlie i;reat Tartar conqueror appeared to have con-
tented himself with an aci<nowleilj{nient of submission.
In 1717, tho Siamese invaded tlie co\intry, and the
sovereign, oliliged to .seek tin! a.ssistance of tlie C'ocliin-
(!iiiiiese, fell into the power of his an.xiliaries From
that time to the [iresent, this fertili^ and populou.s, but
uidbrtunate country, has been the 'onstant .seat of
troubles.
We may now revert to tin; good Bishop of Adran and
his royal charge, with whom ho took refuge in liankok,
when, the king of Siam falling in love wilii the si.ster
of Gia-Song, ipiarrols en.sued, which led to the exiles
once more regaining the proti'ction of their island.
The Hisliop of Adran conceived in this extremity that
France might diM'ivo advantages by coming to the
succour of the bani.shed monarch. Filled with this
idea, he s;iiled for Kuro[)0, in company with the king's
eldest .son, a boy of six or seven yen's of ago. The
bishop Wiis well received at the court of Louis XVI.,
his |)rojects were countonauceil, and it was resolved to
send ships and men to n; establish the king on his
throne, on the condition of a large cession of territory
to the French, and tlu furnishing of a contiiigent of
1)0,01)0 men, to enable France to hold jiossessioii of
her new accpiisitions
liUi^kily for Uia-Hong, this |)iMJected assi.stanco,
which would have made (Jochin-Chin i a Fri'iich |)ro-
viuci!, was never carrieil out. The liishop arrived at
I'o'idicherry with instructions to the Count de Conway,
governor-geui'ral of the French e.stablishmeut in India,
losnpply tho necessary forces. ISut .MadanuMle X'icnne,
mistress <pf tho c lurt, taking olfence at tho bishop's
maimers towartls her, pri'vailed upon him not to act
in eouforniily with his iustrnetions, and the l)i.shop
was obliged to Join tin" king at Saigon, where he had
by thit time succeeded in establishing hiiusi'lf with
some fourteen or tifteeu adventurers, among whom
were .several Fnglish and Irish ollicers. Thc.si! nien
orgauished an army, created a fleet, and were in great
part the moans of restoring this monarch to the throne
of his ancestors, and of a Iding to it the richer and
more populous country of Tompiin. The king also
began witli the siuu' a-isistanee many im|irovements.
lie est ililisiieil a m ituifa 'tory of .saltpetre, openiMl roads
of communication, and encouraged cultivation. lie
distributed his land forces into regular regiuu'iiis, anil
est.iblisheil military schools, in which otiicers were
instrnctei' by Knropeans He also formed a fleet,
consisting of three hundred large gnn-boats or row
galleys, five luggers, and a frigate, on the mmlel of a
EuroiH'an vessel, lie also undi'rtook, with the assist-
ance of tluM>isho|i, to reform the system of jurispr\i-
dence ; but although he openly declared his great
venerafion for the Christi.m religion, Ik^ adhered to
tho aiu'ient ri'ligion of his own country. In l>Oii,
taking advantage of dissensions which jirevailcd in
Cauibogia, (iia-Song, partly by force of arms ai\d
partly by intrigue, acquired the most valuable purl of
that country, and thus established one of the most
extensive and best organi.stul powers in the extreme
east The fortifications and arsonah^ at Huuh and
SaTgon excite the adraii-ation of strangers to the present
day.
(iia-Song, who has been compared to Peter the
Great and to our Alfred, died in 1819, at sixty-three
years of age. He was the first who bore the title of
em])eror. He was succeeded by his son, Minh-Mengh,
who possessed some of the military qualities of his
father, but, instead of tolt>ruting the Roman Catholic
missionaries, as the former had done, he was all the
time of his reign their bitterest foe and direst enemy.
So they dubbed him the Nero of Cochin-China. This
systtMu of persecution was persevered in by the suc-
cessor of Miidi-.Men„li, Thien Iri, and Tu-Ouk, the
])resent sovereign; but it si'cms, as in most other
instances, to have only .served to augment the zeal
of tho missionaries, and to increase the luimbor of
converts.
The political system of the Cochin-China govern-
ment is like that of all countries beyon<l the (langes,
one of extrtMne caution and aversion to any intimate
connection with neighbouring [jowers. The sove-
reignty is despotic, and yet it assumes to be patriarchal
and paternal. The whole empiro is administered as
one family, and the bamboo is tho chief instrument
employed to keep all parties in order !' There is no
nobility, save that conferrtnl by functions The civil
and military otHcers are, like tlie mamlarins in China,
divided into ton classes. The first two as.si.st in the
king's council. There are thus only two social classes,
tho people and the mandarins. Rich provuice is
ruled by one military and two civil mandarins, who
are expected to act in concert. Each province is
divided into three kuyens or departments, each kuyen
into four foos or districts, and each foe into a certain
nnmln'r of village.?, whose mugistrate.s, elected by the
pea.sants, have to collect the taxes. Tho system is, at
all events, sim|)le, and ought to bo efficient. But it
is damaged by niischiovous laws, as, for example, the
sei'vitudo of every male after he is of age. Every
adult must be a soldier, or a sailor, a workman in the
ai-senals, public roads, or a mandarin's servant.
The military power is said to be u])held by a royal
guard of forty regiments of GOO men, with their
ollicers, elephants, and waggon tniin. Of the 800
elephants that belong to the are.iy, 1.30 are always
stationea in the capital. Tlieie are, 'u addition to
these royal troops, live legions, each of five regiments,
and provincial militia, the nuuilier of which varies
greatly. The vieeroyalty of Saigon, for examphs hius
sixteen regiments. There is no cavalry. The men
are short of stiture, but robust, active, accustomed to
fatigue, easy to instruct, and obedient.
The Cochin Chiiu'so are low in stiture (averaging
about five feet three inches), with a round head ami
face, low forehead, little brown round eyes, not so much
' Tlie extent to wliic'li tin' liaslinudd svstoin is nirricil on in
OH'liin-China is pesitivcly riiiiculnu^. I'liriiits Imstiiiiulo tlnir
I'lilMri'ii, liu>huiuls tlicir wives, oltieers their snldiers, ireiitviils
tlieii* uHieers. 'file I'rinie Minister Imviii^ granted a fiiri'\M li
iiutiieiiee to Mr. Cfawtonl's mission, lie liitil tla' whole tr< op of
i roval eomeiliiiiis hastiniiiloeil in liis presenee, heeiiuse lie v iis not
' sati-lieil willi llieir perlonnanee ! Kvervwiiere, uiiil nt nil liniiB.
Ilie liiiinlioo i> in rei[nisiiioii, iiiid is apjiealetl to to euttlu every
ilillereneo.
1«1
A!-L hound TllR WOULD.
i'l
riirvt>il lis thi> (^liitn'si'. siii:ill iwisc, lari;i' inoulli. |in«mi-
In'lll li|w, illlil iiMl-^iiliTll'li' cXIMlwriil till" liiWiT |i.\rt
ot'tlii' tliri'. All till' iii,lllirr-.t:ill<)|isiit' liuv iiiti'llii^cMi-i',
f^i'iKJ iiiliirr, :iiiil li.iiiUiii's'i. wliii'h piiM'iiiiiiciillv ilis
lill^lll>lli'> tllrlM I'l'MMI llll'Cllilli'Sl', lllC Si;|llU--c'. :ll|i| till'
.MaliNs riic |iii\ .lU'iit lint is vi'llmvi^li. ami ft' llii'
liair. « hii li i-- Ioiil: :iiiii i'ohini', lil.ick ; llic liciiiil is
s|>iii'r, \rl il is fiilm.ilcij willi cMivim' iMri'. 'I'lu'
Cui'liiii ( 'liiiii'si' :iri' M II ii iiimIIv i|iiii'l. iiinlliiisivc |ii'ii|ilo,
civi'M \n iMllxiiiu'. jokiiiu'. •iiiil l.un;liiin;. I'.iit mi llu-
I'llicr li.iiiil. H lii'ilii'V .Is I lir n>iill-> of ili's|i,itisiii, of uf
('llIUMti'. HI- lit' llir !«.■ ,11111 ■■ 1, llirv :iri' srrv ilc, ili'.-i'il I'lil.
iijiiiiriiiil, ilirlv. aihl l.iiilK iihlillrri'iil iii iiiallris nl
ri'lijiii'ii. In iln' |iiir>\nis of nilustrv .iinl I'oiiiniiri'i',
llowi'ViT, llliv stilllil lH'\t .ll'lrr llli' llilliloo^, ill,'
I'liiiii'si'. ami llu- .la|iain's(' Tlu'ir iiiloriorily is parli
iiilarl\ niaiiilrsl in llioif a^riiMilliiic. wlii •li, lu'tlci' in
Saii;oii ami roiii|inn, is al its lowi'si iAAt in Co-liin
t'liiiia: wiliii'sstlio poor liarxcsts ol' li.'iv 'I'lu'v ari'
niori' Miii^cs^l'iil with llicir sii;; ir aiiJ i-ol Ion |ilanlalions,
I'lu'V iiiaiinl'ai'tilfi' I'xri'lli'iit rot Ion i-lollis, lull m'illirr
ilyo nor piiiil llicin. Tlu'ir silU^, \m' liaxi' liiM'on' sri'ii,
ari" iiil'i'i'i.ir to lliosi- ot" llic I'liiin'sc. Toiii|iiin was
onci- as ci'lclirali'il lor its la,'iiiu'r ami oiIht xaniislii'il
works, as .lajian is in our ilav. Tln'si- works rxliiliil
niiii'li taste, ami ari' ailoriiivl willi ltoKI aiiil inollii'r ot'
I'l'arl, ot' wliii'li llii'v oi.imi a M'rv liiii' ili's. ri|ilion
troiii a s|ii'>-u's ot' ni\a. Tin' art ot' niolliiii; ami
t'oiimlilij,' lias lii'i'ii ion:,' kiMwii to lliciii; I'lil all lioii:,'li
I 111' L;nii anil iMiiiioii loiui'liii's h i\ o niiii'li impriu nl ot'
1 iti'. tlicy still lU'i'i'iiil n|ion I'orciiiii ■■inintrii's tor liii'
arms ami siili> arms, as wi'll as t'orotlior liisl il.iss works
ill iiiiMal. It is ill,' s.inu' willi otlu'r lir.iiiilii's ol'
imliislrv ; llir .\niia'.iiili' rai'i" a|i|K'.ir iiovrr to i^i't
I'l'voiul till' riiiliinriil^. alllioii:r||. |ik.' llio Cliiiii'si', tlu'v
an' protii'ii'nl in ill,' ills ,<{[ iaiil iii.in
Till' I'oi-hin rliiiii'M-. n ol lii'inj; allowi'il to i|iiit tlu'ii-
own <'imiitr\ I'li anv pioa w hats ic\ cr, tlii' i'onsi'i|m'iii'i'
ot' sii al'siinl. s,i r. sirui IM'. aii,l so inliiuiiAii a l.iw, is
ll'al I'Mrrnal r,'iiin.i'r<i' is I'litirclv in tin" liaiiils
ot straiii^rrs. NaliiiMlly liaiil'.-. viLtoroiis, a,'ti\i'. an 1
iloi'ili', wi'i-i' it ii.it t'.ir this, thi' i',).-liin I'liiiii'si' w.nilil
I'roli.ilily lii'i'.'iiir tirst r.ili' iiavi:,Ml,'rs I'hi' Iraih' ot'
till' inli'iior is in.iinlv earriiil on hv iIh' rivors .iii'l ihi'
■rai'oast. l-'ioin llnah. I ho lapilil. I,' l'on,jiiiii. tlirii'
Is a wairr i-oiniinini.'at i,iii I'V ,■ iiials alnl lai;iini's, w liu-li
all' not markiil in oiir in ips Kxti'i'iial I'oniint'rrc
Is mainly iliri'i'tril towariU Ciiina, Siaiii. ;iml tlio
Ihitisli ports in tin' Straits ot' Ma'ai'ra ami 'Siin,'.i|iori'.
Ixi'klio. or C'ai'hao, is tin- rhii't' tor i-.viium'ri'i' with
t liina, whii'li is csliniati'il as rr|ir,'si'nli'il hy 1 I'i Jiiiiks,
• ■r soiiu' L'li.nOtl Ions. Sonu' tit'ty junks. iia\ i^ati'il hy
I hiin'.si', siiliii'i" to kci'l" up the i-oninu'ri ial rrlations
with Siaiii. Far ijivatiT iMiiinH'riial aiiivily ixisis
howrvi-r, in fi'spci-t to Siiii^.tpon- — ,i I'oinim'rii' wlii,h
has liaij its ori^'in in ihi' tor.i' ot' ,ar. iiin^laiii'i's. Tin'
ohh-ii fomnii'iri' ol' tho I lilt, h. I'"rni:,'ii-si'. ainl l-ln^'Hsh.
vvi:h Tonipiin .iinl I'oi'lini I'liiiia, li.is lu'rii loii:^ clo^r'l.
whi-n till' lain r iiui'li' atti-mpls ni \~7^ tori!-o|n'n • oiii
nirri'iiil rrlatioiis In 1 .">!' I. nrw moasiiri's won" takni
iimlor till' .Maii|iiis Wclli'sh'v. Imt ihry t'aih'il. in ron-
si'ipii'tu'f .'t' till' siipriniiry ol' Kn-iu'li intiTi'sls. TIh-m'
iutcri'sts. liowiv.'r, iln-lim'il so mpiiHy in thi'ir turn,
that tho Fii'luli thi'ni>i'I\rs wi'ro olilii,'i'il to liaM'
ri roiii-si' to ixlraor,lin iry nn-.isin-i's in l,"^l,") aiiil 1.">I7.
At that epoch l^iptaiii .\ ile Keiijavioii reehiimeil the
ee.ssioii ol 11 small territory, in xirlni' ot' tlie tfe.ily ot'
17^7. in onier to enahle Fraiue to establish a settle
nieiit. The propos'il, lioweMT, ij.we imihniije to tlie
t 'oeliiii ( 'liinese iiHinareli lie woiililnol even enter
upon a ilisenssioii of the snl jeel ; ami he .'iiiil his
siieie-sor li.iM' so little eneoiiraneliielit to the I'Veneh,
that tliex :;ave lip for a lonj; time inakiiii; any liirther
alteliipts at estalilishiiiL; eommeieial relat ions, or insist -
inn upon 'Ik' Ihlfilnient of a one siileil treaty. Craw-
foiil's mi.ssion took plaee in 1''^ -, ami he ohlaineil
Ireeilolii of eoiiinieree in the riM is. anil al the ports
of S.iiyoii, Hon. or Tiian, ami also in the ha\s of I'ay
too .1111 1 llnah. liesiiles other ail\ alilai;es, all of whieli
were, liowe\ i r. I0-.1 to ns hy l''reneh iiiteit'eieiiee. 'I'lie
eonsi'ipieiiie was, that Siin;apore was ileelareil a free
poll, ami it soon allrieteil the main poiiioii of the
eommeiie ot' all the MirroiiiiiliiiLr eonntries. .Miove
folly ( 'oeliiii ( liiiiese junks now visit yearly I he port
• 4' Singapore alnl the Itrilish po,s.st'ssioiis within the
Straits of Malaee.i There are also ....iiie slij.;hl eoiii-
inereial relations w i' h .Maeao ami Itatavia. It is also
siipposeil that the inlaml traile helweeii the ('oihin
( 'hinese iloininions anil I'liina is lamsiileralile. In this
iiileieoiiise t'oihin China reeeives maiiiifaelnreil .^ilks,
Fin;lisli hroaileloths. ami Iteii^al opium, with the
eopper. spelter, ami le.iil ot Viinaii. anil return eolloii,
areea niit.s, varnish, il\esHills, ami a variety of native
proihiels.
The Coehiii ("hinese have not heeii so loni,; separaleil
from t'hiiia Inil that lliey still pre.serve many of the
iiistonis of the latter eoiinlry. This is more parti-
iiilarlv ohservahle in their iiiarriai;e.s. ami funeral ami
other proi'es-ion.s. ami eeieiiioiiies. They have also the
.s.iiiie siipirstitions. eoiisulliii^ nraeles, ami niakini;
oll'eriiii;s to iilols. They eat the same fooil ami praetise
till' s.inie nioiles of prepariiij; it. 'I'liey havi' lln' same
piiiii's ami pnlilie amiisi menls. the same lireworks. the
s.ime miisii'.il inslriinieiits, the same eoek .iml ipiail
tights. .\llhoiii;li the l.ini;iiai;i' ilitlifs. the writ mil; is the
same lint then ai,'aiii. I In re are yreat ilitleremes in
ilre.ss, in the ni.inner of wiarini,' the hair, in their
liveliness ami uarrnlity. ami still more so in their tre.il
meiit of the tair sex. Women in ( 'oilmi-t'hiiia are
not onlv housekeepers, Imt al.se tnerehaiits ami aj;ri
eiiltiirists ; iiav. tliey exen naviij.ile their hoats ami
junks In I'ael, owinj,' t" all the men heiiii; reeriiileii
,as sohliers. as is. to a eerl.iin exteiil. the 1 a.si' in Franee,
the women have everythinu to ilo Straiii;e that the
Freiu'h shoiilil have met with iln ii 1 oiinlerpai Is 111 the
remote F«ist ' I'larrow loni,' ayo remaikeil tial the
Coehin Chinese were as I'oml ol talkinu as the Freiieh ;
they are also as t'oml of ilamiiit; : their n li^ion ami
iiioralilv are pretty nearly upon a par ; the men are
.ill sohliers. ami the women have to perform tlie more
serious ilnties ol life. Nowhere are women less serii-
puloiis. ami mill more imlitlereiit to the lioiioiir of
iheir wi\es ami ilaii,i;hleis. it is .saiil, than at 'I'uraii.
If the fi males are ol'ea.sy virtue ihey lire not alw.iys
eaptivaliiiL; They are of lively tlisposition. hut the
t'e.itnirs are eoai'se ami iiie skin yellow. 'J he tei'tli
are iljseoloureil liy hetel eliew iiij;. TliP pooriT elilsses
onlv Hear a eliemise ofi'oiir.se elolli, lirow n or Idue, that
lomesilowii to the thi^lis, with w iile ilrawi is of liliiek
nankeen. Tliev wear in ilher shoes 1101 sloekin;;s, ami
their feet are just the rfverse of the ostrieli h el of the
Chinese: " fieminis plant. is aileo parvus, ul stiuthopoiles
appellenlur." as ohl Fmlosius has it. they are laiye ami
tlal. The heller elasses of femalrs wear two or three
shit'ls of (liirereiil colours. They i,'ather loL,'ether their
loiiLj hlaek hair in a knot at the top iif the head, or
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
i«a
Riimi'linii's llicy Irt it (luat. in loiii; (rcsMcM lirliiml
iiiilil it ri'nriii's (lie i^niiiiKl 'I'lic incii iirc lis li;i(|lv
ilri'ssid M.s llic WdiiiiMi, niiiti'iiliiii; tliciii.si'lvcn willi a
jMikri anil wide Iniw-ii'is, n kiiiliicl' iluin;; duly iis a
luiliMii, or ii Imiail liniiiincil Mai ly or iillicf liat. covor
iiii; 111!' Iicail. while till' wrcli-licMl Imvi'ls of liaiiilxio
i<r(|) iIk' ;;('iii'ral [lovcrly of llii' iiilialiilanis i ri
Irnaiicc,
Tiiraii is, In lln' pri'si'iil iliy, a iina'i' assi'inMa:,'!' of
vllla;^cs, aiKJ (Ih'm- aro coiiiiicisnl of liiils of liaiiil ,
or 1 1 coarsi'ly llialiliiil. 'I'lio ruins of oililiiTs of a
lii'tlcr claMs alfi'sf lliaf i(. has not, always liciai in so
liillcn .a iililion. Now a days fin- ln'sl, liousrs aro of
woo.j or sun dried Krii-ks. The walls are eruinlilin;,' (o
ruin. I'lanl.ilions of siii;ar ami of loli.iceo ari' lo lie
si'en lielwei'ii thn hnls. The eeieiiraled h'reneli iiavi
f,'a(or, .\dniiral h.iplaee, j,'i\c.s a Liraiiliii^ ihvseri|ilioii of
the hay of Turau ; "Thi' riejil. side oi leriiin." lie
■iays, "is Hanked liy an aiii|ihiflie,ilre of nioiiiil lins
wliieli, h<'i|ied file one over I he other, a|i|vear in their
f,do.iiny majesty to rise t'roni the shore to the lieaM ns,
und their si arp |ioiiite<l suii|inils. whiteni'd hv the snow
liud rain, are lost, in the I'louds diirini; a ;,'reii part i>f
the year. Tne Hanks of thesis enormous massi's are
clad with dense forests, as aneii'iit. iis the worM, and
the possession of whieh isijispnted hv eh-phanls, tiL,'ers,
anil ho.irs. Wdd l.c'a.sts otien await the traveller on
the roeky iind sinuous pathway, which, eiossin^ the la-est,
"I the inouiilain raiiiji', whieh eonsi tiiles the natural
harrier lietween the two provinces, |i,,ids from Tiiiaii
to lluah-fll. This road, the only olio llial exists hetweeii
Kii too ,iiiil the capit,al. is protected at the top of the
pass hy ,i wall ,iiid i;,itewav, « Inch iscarcfii||\ ijuarded.
Not cM'ii .a iialMc (•.III iio,-,s ihis li.irrier wnhoiif ii
passport, which iiili. ,ites to the inandariii, or ollicer in
conimanil, his naiiii'. condit imi iind ol<ii'> i oj hi ■ jiainicv .
rcrlilled liy ilie aiilhorities of the town or villai;e to
which he Im'Iomijs.
The ro.id, as il descends to the fool, of I hi' nloUlllalll^<
on llieTur,in side, pa.s,ses at tir.-l thionj^h sever, d nii.-i i
aide villages, .sitiial-d on the harreii and rocky side of
that pirtioii of the hay; it, then trav er.ses' treeless
plains, llu! scat, however, of o.xtensive rice ticlds and
met. f^?/^^^
oilier euRivatlon, and. liiially. it reaches Tnraii, a mass
of poor huts eoiistriicled of mud .nid ,'-liaw, i oiierei,'ated
on the marshy iii.d lio;rjy ,s,,d which lies at ihehoitoni
of the hay. and the inoiiih ot' a small ii\er, more
elHeientl_)- delended l.y mud liaiiks, tliut leave onl^ a
narrow and shallow p,'i,ssaee lielwieii llicni. than liy
two forts, upon wlii h fliiiit« the yellow slandird of I he
soverei;^!! of (Jiichiii < 'liiii.i, .'iiid which 18 loin iiiln
latlers at each rainy sea,son. The ri;,dil hank of the
river is less lialde to inundat imis than Iheleft, and
il is only ,sepaiMted from the sea hv a very narrow
isthniiis, on which veijelalioii is supplanted hy mm in;;
downs of s,iiid This isthmus unites the peninsula
that forms the eastern side of I he li,'iy lo the continent,
protect ini; t he former from the winds, and j^ivini,' miein
to, 111 e\ eel lent hailiour. Althoiiijhof irrej,'iilar form, tlii,'<
peiiiiisiila is more or less like a star, the iiiy,i of whieh
diveiLic from a j,'roiip of rii;,'L;cil nioiinlains, clothed
with dense forests from the shore up to the Humiiiita.
It i,s ill v,iiii that tin- traveller's eye seeks, in tlii.s
wild counliy, for the dclii,dilful scenes upon which it
loves to dwell- those vill,i),'es w liiwe while eotla-Jes
Hccin to hide thcniselvcs liehind the woods, those iiii-
posim; niansions wliicli, ri^-iii:,' on the slo| f hills,
doiiiinale over llie sci, ami .innouiice to the weary
sailor licit he is ahoiil, soon to tiiid fri Is and l;ooi1
cheer, in I lie imlnluei of which he may lie laiaMed to
drown for a niomeiit the incniory oflionie. "To what
ever side we direct our looks wn eoiihl perceive not him;
liiit ;;lo v fiircsts or nii.seiahli; vilke^es, inliiihited liy
a r.ice of inen wlio~e laii'.;ii,ii;e aid manners were alike
straiif^e t" us '
We must, however, pass on to the events whieh
liavu led to the interference ot' l''r,iiice, and have heeii
the cause of hostilities on the pall of that power with
the Kmperor of (,'oeliin ( 'hina. In the nioiilh iif
Novcmlier, I,"'! 1 I, the av'cnl ofllie Kieiich ;,'overniiielit,
<'mplovcil on an eNtraordinary iiii,ssioii to the Chinese
scius M. Ihiliois lie .laciyny liciie.; al, .Manilla,
thoimhl, proper, in i oncert wilh I In- conoid ;;enei-,il of
Kraiice, lo send M. de t 'hoiiski, oi f I he L;ciitleiiiell
littachcd lo the mission, lo .\l,icao. A p;issaL;e was
Hoordiiii,dy ohtaiiied for the I'rcnch dioloiiiatist on
hoard of the Urilish steamer, Miilnsn, which liad
t clied al Minilla for coals, and inlendcd to compli to
its freiuhl .il .Mariveles in the rhilippinc.-.
The Mriliisii, however, encouiilcicil .such violent
(Miiilrarv winds, ami was so ImIHimI hy llie eurrenls, a-
to he iiiiili pciivhiiiL; on ihc coa^l of Hainan on the
l.'illi of .Novciiioir, and \v,isi;l,id, liavini,' e.\li;iiisled ,'di
her coal, and hivlnu' iioihin;; hiit d.iii;,'eis to st ru •,'■_' I.-
iii;aiiisl all iilmiu' llie coi-l of ( 'ocliili ( 'liili.i, to seek
siiellcr, on the iii^lil ot'llic I sih. in the hay of ( a una ih,
or, as I he I'Vcncli wnle il, ( ',iiiiraii.'iic.
The |iopulalioii, hearing: :i ,L,'uii lired, haslened down
to the heacli, and l;iimI wis t heir surprise w hell t hey
,s,uv the k'.uropcaiis ilisenil-ark ; lull lln-y received them
wilh the nimost eoiirlcsy, and the delight and ad
iniralion lliev felt for the new comers was slill further
increased the next inorniiii,', when, the steam liavim,'
lieeil ;;ot up hy iiicins of wood ohiaiiied trom the
natives, the vessel was put in niolioii. Not hin^' ol tlio
kind had ever I li seen hetiire, and il seemed to them
as if a miracle had heeii enacted. There were only two
vill,ii;es in this hay, and llnse were inhaliiteil hy
lishermeii
This accidental contact of , I l''rencli diplomatist on
lioanl an I'aiulish steamer wilh ( 'ochiii (-'hina, was the
pllliialV cause ot the allention of the Krellell ^.'ovnril-
iiieiit having hccii once more directed in our own times
to these inleresliii!,' regions. 1 1 was asccrlained diirilijj
the Slav ofllie ,l/i'(»,iit I hat there was an opening; for
a luust liicialive coiiimerce. I'rovisioiis of the valiieo*
■if
li' '' !
It'
it;
1^
1114
l\
|(1A
AM. Hdl'ND lUK Wt)RI,n.
tvx'iity Siviiii-.!) |ii;i-lirs wi-rp o|it;»ini'il I'm' i» Ci'luiivi'il
slnti :iii<l ,1 li'w 111. t.tl lulli'ii^i lint II \v,iH nlsn (ill
tli.»l tins \v:i> ;ni .(I'liili'iil.tl iiriiiiiislMiiic , iiiiil, in iln'
i-.ixc ii( II iiyiil:!)- riMnniiMTiiil intri'i KUiT lu'ins; rndii'l
into, tlio ( 'i«i Inn ( 'linu'sc ^<>\i'iimn'n(, CmiiIiIuI io its
.'iiii'ii nt '.\s<<'in ii( ('mIii^ivciii'ss. wkiiM \i\ \ mi. Ii
ox.>rliii.iiii <iisl..ni .liiiu's, as \iiiii;ill\ tn .'v. lii.l..
III! pn>lil " II IS I'M. 1. 'III. ili.'r.'r.'i.', " iiru:ii.'.l tli.'
KlVn.'ll, • tll.ll If is .Mllv \\\ ill.' li'll wlll.'ll W.Mllll
l'.> iiisj.ii'i'.i l.v s.'ini- iiiilii:ii\ il.'iii.iiisira) i..n, ilial
ill.' .•.'lU'.'ssi.iiis « In. li w.'iil.i 1..' iii.lis|n'iis.-ili|(> 1,. til,.
r-l.iMislniu'iit lit an :i.l\.iiil:iu'i'.'iis .'.'iiiiiii'i'i'i' cuiilil !..'
» iiiiii; iVmn tin> ( ".i.'liiii -t'luiu's.' I'lu' siiialli'st i'x|i.'
.Iili..ii. i->>iiilii. t.'.i Willi «i»il.>iii an. I tiiiniii'ss, w.'iil.l
tinlil tills .>l>i<vl . ill.' .11.1 |.r.>niisi',l l>y tli.> tn'alv «.('
17>7 wasl.>lH' >'iiiii|i.w,'ii .>! livo l''nr.ipi'.in r.-jjiiiiiiits,
!».> In.lian ti'ijiiiii r.ls, an.l t\M'iil\ slnps .if war ami
lians|>.it Is, all tliat w is lli.>ns;lil ^■.^lli~lll• l.> iMii.|ii('r
ill.' wli.>li> I'lin.nv I't' Annaiii TIk- s;.>>i'niiiii'iii is
«oak. it is jm.ii-, an. I |>.>in|'.'us , tli«' .ii'i'ii|>aii.'n nl
I'lil-'iin )' Milts on till' I'.visl «.>iil.l siillii'.' I.> assiiii' tn iis
111.' ui.'ali'si inlliii'n.'i' in all tli. s,. .l.ii iiiiinati.'iis."
A-- a riiitlii'v siiinuliis til tins s..iii<'« liat ..lis.airi' |>ri'
|..'s,il i>l I'lisiiniii; .I'viiiii ■■ .l.'i.'niiiiiali.ius." aii.l in
« lii.'li \M' ar.' 1. It 111 .l.'iil'l «liiili.r an a.lv am .c.'.mis
1 .>iiinn'r«'i' l.y tlu' t'.'iiii.laii.'n .'I |i.riiiaii.iil s, til.'iiii'iii-..
.'1' till' siil'ii'. ti'.ii "I till" wlii'i.' .'111). ire Is iiu'aiil. llu'
Ir.'aty .'t' 1 r>7, it «a^ .'l>-.'i\ .'.1. r.'iiiaiii.'.l in t.'v..',
a.tli.'ucll Kniii.'O lii.ls.i oru'V ,.iisl\ I'ail.'.l in Inllilliiis;
li.r I'.'iti.Mi .it' till' ir.in Hv tills tr.'al\. sij;ii.'.l al
V.M-xuU.'s. I'll til.' •.'>lli ..1 \.'\.'iiil>.'r, K.^^r. ih.' t'.'U.'W
iiij: t4'rnli>nal I'i'xsi.ms \\, 1-.' a.'.'.'.l.'.l t.. vw, ilu' |..i|(s
iii.i t.-rnt.irv .>t" Han s.ni , I'liiaiO, aii.l lli<' islan.ls .'I'
Kai-t'.M aii.l Kai wan. in r.'liirn I.m' llu' |ir.<|i.is,',i assist
iiii'i' til ivosiai'lisli till' i).'|>.is('il ni.iiiariti on Ins tlironi' .
i lit .'IS tlio assisian.'i' was iii'vcr ciioii. au.l tli.' kills;
r.'s^iini'ii lii.s iliiMiii' witli.'iit il, il is n.. Kiinrrr wantoil.
aii.l it iMiilil oiilv Iv \<\ s,.iiii> siiMiio,. ]>..r\ I'l^ion ..|
iiiiiTiiational l.ij,-!.- tli ,t it .'"ul.l l>r nru'O'l in tin" jt' s.'in
.lay ll\;)f tilt' O.'iliin ' Ioiu'm' sli.'iil.l I i' iiia.lr l\ l.'V, i'
otattiis ii^ fill 111 tlii'li)...viioii .'I'tlii' ti'i'alv 1\\ s,' a.iiiii;,
l-'r.iiu'.' \v.>nl.l I'll.-.' lii'i-s.'ir ni tln' |...siii,.ii .>i a man
«!i.' h.\t\ volunti'. i'.-,l t.i slii|. 1 I'ars,'.! tor halt' llio )'r.i
.i.i.v. aiiil \»lii>. ui.al.li- to liillil tiis riijjai:'"!"'"!!!. siil|
ilaiino.i his halt' wlu'ii tin- .'ari.'"' hail I'l'oii hiMuulil to
I' 'It 111 aiiollior Iv.tt.'iii. or .it ,-» man who had i>ro|...si',l
to i'\i'lianL.v a honso tor .» hit ot' laii.l, aiiil tin- iioiisi'
I'liiij; in till' iiii\inl lino I'livnt .iown. ho still laiil .laiin
I" tin- laii.l
\Vi- li.iM' si'i'ii tll.ll A.liiiiral 1..i|ilai'i' visitoil tho Is-iy
ot' Tnniii ill . >.i I Ho was .it tli.it liiiio i'a|it.:i!n in
iMinman.l ..t' /.'i /•'nriviti, .in.i ho is foiiroaoho.l with
liaMiiff ij.'iio almost t.) an rxtii'nii' in tho ).vii.ii'ih'i'
..us,.i-\<'.l 111 his I'olations with tho C'.hIiiii ('hmoso,
Tlieo..nollo /.'A'i'}iif,f\i'.Ui\\ tho s;iino |>..sl in 1.^44
111 :\ i)!nii' tlitfi rout iii.>.i.l A.'.'.inliiisj to the voivion
iT'.vii \<\ tlio FroiK'h tlii'iiisi'I\os tho oorvolti' h.ul n.i
s.sii.i-r .ipproa. lioil >>if tlio nionlh ot tlio ri\oi' l"ai too.
than thii* w.is ••» III init'ost airit iti..n ainoiij: tlio ro.i
o.ii»t<'ii so'ilii'.s wliii o.in-titntiti tli- i,'aiTis..n of Tinaii.
K.-»i-h sor/.'.l his hali'ort or ri«tv miiskol. t.i o]'|.,.s.' a
further a. ivin.-c: .-ui.! wh, n tho ImviIs ].iil otV. r. irir.l-
l('.s.s ot" tho imiKioiiig as|.Oi't o( tho milit.iry. ainl. jiiisli
iiii: Unoii.] tho iiistoiiiarv laii.iiiiir i>l.ioo, ma.io for tho
r.ior itsclt". u'r.'.it w.is iho o..:is;ii-iiati.>n at sii.li an
lilt aot ot iiisri'i.Mi-,i t.. tho rnlos of tho i'iii|.iro.
wlii.h .an t'liily ivoliiili'il a'l o-ilsi.lo l.arl'.iri.'iiis. 'I'liroo
o-Kit* Km. It'll with .soKlioi-s j.iit i.tl' at'tor ti.o i \|.r.lilii.ii.
whilst tho ro.l I'oats am! halhiTts of (lio sol.liory wore
s.'i'ii niakiin; ihoir way iliroiij^h tho 11.0 Ihl.ls on l>..tli
Links .if tho iiM'i. riio natixo hoals, manniil with
skillnl lowirs, soon o\ 01 look llio l''i\ n. li. Iml it was in
\aiii ihal tho |...liir ..lit. or on hoar I iiiliinatiil lli:it Ins
ho.i.l «..ii|ii |iay for llun loinoiily in iiilrinmiii; llio
oiii|.oior's ooniman.ls , liny ooiiti'iitoil tin nisolvos with
olVoiini; liiin a o..ns..lai.'iy oiL;ar. ami fonlinn.il lli.'ir
|iroi;l\ ss ii|iwar<ls lo wlial 1 hov ilosiyii.ili'il as tho lan.l
ot' iiiarM'ls Till'- w 1^. li..Hi'\ I'v. I'lil tho foioinniioi of
iii'Ti' .l.'i'loial'l.' 111. 1.1. Ills
Afl.T till' ill I'll lull' .1 Ailiniral t'oiillo, tho 00m
iiian.l >'( tho I'l. 11. li ili\ i-.,.'ii in lliot'hinoso Sons ilo-
v.>l\i'.l ii|s.ii ('.'iiiiii.'.l..|.' I a|iii 111', oommamliiio llio
fiiy.'ilo / <i (i.'i'.r. \ows li;i\ini; liion ro.oiviil al
Maoao 111 A]itil. 1.^17. win. h I. il to a|'|'ioliiiisions for
llio I'l isonal satrl\ ol Moll .1.4110111 li'li'xio. vioar
.ipostolio ill ('.'.liin I'liina. who ».i.s sanl to have hoon
I'll. oil 111 irrosl hy tho anthoi iln s. l.nt who hail, in
roalitx. . ,a|ioil in a iiatno innk. ami liml anivoil salo
in.Iaxa. llio ooivcllo In \'h lonmsi was ovpoilitoil to
Tiiiiin with a lolti'r ttMiii ('..mnioiloto I apn rro Im tlio
t'oolon I hmoso ixovoniinonl . askim;, 01 1:11 In r ovaoliiii;,
in ill.' ii.niio ..| ill.' Kini; ot tho I'l. lu h, ii..| ..iil\ that
ih.' li-ho|i sh.iiil.i 1. -I I .'It hi . il\, l.iil ih.il liio.l.ini
.'I woislnp for all ohissos sli.'iiM l.o oslal'lislioil thionyh
out till' Olll|i||0
Il was not loiio l.i'foio til.' fiioalo /.i t;/,.i,; jonn'il
/ .1 I I, Y .I'll ii.-i . win. h it loi.n.l 1> mo oil Tin an. wai. lioil
l'\ luo t'.H'liin t 'liinoso warjniiks Tho oomnioiloro
was iiinoh annoy Oil ii|i.'n liianiiL; thai tho . .'iiiman.lor
o| /.I Vhliiriill-lf hail 11. 'I ^11. . lOiioil III yillllli; tho
maii.l.ilins to torwaiil iho httii .'I wliiih ho was tho
hoaror lo tlioir sovoioi^n. ai'.l .'ii lin.lini;. tin tin 1. llitil
hoih ho an.l Ins ollioris woro the ohjoi is ot an insiilinn;
siivM illaiioo. wlii.li ha. I hoon oarrioil so far. that 0110
ot tho ollii'ors who hail pnio on slioro lia.l h. in ol'liood
to nso M..h'noo hot.'!', ho oonM in.iko his wax thronyli
iho sol. Ill IS. 'I his stall' ot iliiin.'s so iniiatoil llio
.■I'lnni.'.i.'i'.'. th.it ho uai.' .'i.l.is thai tho nian.lainis
who i.iiii.' .'11 lio.liil sh..iil.l l.r i'<-..i\iil Willi jiroal
. I'olnoss, an.l h.' niailo known th.-.t ho Ihiiim 11 w .ml.l
.'iilv ooiifi 1 Willi a hisjh ilicintai \ .1 iho ('oiiil of
Idi.ih. At tho sanio tiino. in oriioi to iiiipait .lolivily
lo llio lioi;on:,lii.|is. tho Kli In II lo.'k (mssi ssion o| | ho
s:iils ot llio t'oi hill t 'liiiioso waijtiiiks. |i.niMni; to
lost. '10 lliolii w lull tin ilillii iillios thai l-^.il arisoii
sh.'iil.l Ik' simnithoil om 1 ! Two ilax s liai iiii; ola|isoil.
ill.' ooniinaiiilrr ot /.n I'ul, .kh.s'. was loooixoil on slioro
I'V tho iliii'l in.iiiilarin ol tho jiroMiioo lio was ,10
i'oln|ianii'.l hy ti 11 ollioois ai il tilly mm i lio .'hjoot
of llio .'11 m.iisliati.'ii. ah.l tin |.ri oiso iialtiro ot tho
il.'inan.ls niailo in tin lolt.i. wi ro < \) laiiioil jn this
inoiiiiiL.'. llio inaiiil.iiin. attii s. mo liitlionllii's. ac-
i'i|'ti'.i tho loltor. ami )'i'.'ii'is< il to t'orwanl it to llnali,
1 111 ho ili.l not .lisj;i',wi' h.'W mnoli lio was liisploasoii
.It tho onil'arc.i plai'iii ii|ii'n tho iiii]'orial tt.-ir jiiiiks.
l>iiiing llio tiiiio that this iMorx ow was loini; iiohi,
a C'i'i' moMinoiit was oI.soim.I o. I.0 takiiii; jiLioo
anions; tho Aiin.imito tiMops ti. in tho t'i-ii;:ilo. 'I hov
si'i'iiio.l t<i lio arriviiis: ti-.'iii al. ^i.h s. ami tin- ooiiini..
iloro liooaii o a|i]'rolioiisi\o. i.r. aioorilii.; d' aiiollioi
voi-sion. asoi'it.'ii 110.1 that tlioio was an iiitiiilioii t<
inas.s,'ioro all tho I'loiioh at tho iiilorviow. It is ovoii
saiil that tho plan of att;i. k was t'orinoil on 1 oanl tlio
war junk on w hioli tlioy hail plaooil tho sails ot tho
oilier junks I ho t"'ooliin-l"liiiie.so were also ohsi rveil
to I'o aruiing six gun IhijiIs.
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, ANf) JAPAN.
roT
\\%<
'ivniiiin (^lllllnl
.1 .1
III ill'l ill' nliiip KM '|i
lull' KipiiTi'i' iiiiiiii'iliiilcly ill"
lioiT Inwiini (III' iiiilliiiritii'M
H|Ml(llll'll ?
tlml, nil llli' I'Vi'llt III' "111' sin^li- Ullll liiiill lrilVlll){ 111!
liviT, 111" l''ll'l|ill hIiMII WIIIlM 111
'I'll!
Miri" iijii
II lifi
I'lillMil llli' I 'iirlllll I 'llMll'Ml' llllHV
kiiiirKiiii; ilnwii lln' limisi's IImI iii;iHki'i| llirir liiml
liiitli rii"<, mi'l, linl Willi .1 iii'llli!4 ( III' Will III im i;i\ I'll, Iwn
;ii'iiiii| liii:ils y.il mil III I In' nvi'r iimli r luvi'i- nl' iiiijlil
On llic {.'till III A|iill, 111 cli'Viii ii'iliirk \ M., till' Hi;;ii;il
In I'Ti^Myi' Will nlvrii IVmii I lio ( 'iiiiiiiiiiiliri''M Hlii|i. iiliil
llii> I'liniili' /..( 'I'/ii'iv Mli'l llli' riiivclli' /,'i ^(l•^|)•ll ;/..
i|ii'iii'i| till' ii|iiiii llli' |iiiiir ( 'iiliiii I 'liiiii'w will' jiMilii, li
I III' hIiiiIIH III " \'ilV A'
I Liir Mil liiiiir iil'liTwii ih
mil' o( I In- «■
Willi ilM wl
jiiiik^i w;i I llii'il liv Ik mIh'II, mill lili'w ii{i
A Ci
v( llllllllll'^ llliiM', lUl'
nimllii'i' wi'iil I.I llli' liolliiiii ; liiiiillv, ill llii> i'\|iii'iil imi
111' iiliiiiil nil limir, llli' lliii'i' 111 lii'iN. iiiio III' wliirli w.m mi
llli' imiiil III' rmiinli'iiiii,'. wi'ii" liri'ij liv ill" ImiilM nl'liii'
{''riMii'li slii|iM. 'I'lii' ('iii'liiii I'liiiii'ii' lli'i'l, W.11 IIimI. iliiy
iiiiiiiliihiti'il. "I'll inillirr i|i' ('in'liiii riiiii'ii'f iiv;iii'iii
|ii'lilil l;i VIC iliiui ii'lli" liilli' iiii'i^ ill', " Miivs mil' Kri'lirli
:iill limil V.
I'll.
lis nl'l'l
IM.'IM WI'II' rill'lril liv M < '.mil nil llli' 1 si,
niiiii'il I'min, ri'iiiiinli'il mir (il'llin iirlivilynf Kiiniim
rmiiliin III. li.sl. Ill h1iiiI<o tlii> Hiii'iiliir Ii'||ihi>;v nC llir nlil
ill
liiri" vmi llli' liiil'IMlivi' III' mil- i|;ijl
illV
iiiuliiils, iirmir |i|im1i^ii'; nf si'IiIiiil;, mil' |i|i'n.siii|.s iinij
mr iiiisi'iii','1, (^I'lii'i-iiily ;i |iiiiiriii|r liiin, Inr llii> ihy
I'iismi iliii's mil, Hi'l, ill llli hiii'iiiliir, in ii'IhIi' Io \mi
III' i'\|lii|ll inn In SniUnli siilllli Ivvii llllllilri'il llllylHH
(In I' liiinilrril null's) In Ilir
mil
II'
ymi 1' i.sl. ymii' I'ys mi llii' niii|i iiml liilliiH l|
ilirii' III' llli' IIViT of < 'llllllintrin, wlllrll is Clllll'll llli
Ml' IJimii (Mmv li
ir Miiy liniii;). ymi will niiuiik
III ils niniiili .1 mull il mil' nf liniiirliis, ninliiiiL,' llirii
Wliv ilrriiM III lliliiiili' immlil'l' nl' lllllivilll |'lllllls nl
VMrimii Hi/i'i. .s I lull',' 111. it I
llli' iii'iti III' llli' i;
y rnl|l|i!lll' ll
lll''iS III'
llll'll' llllllV i:l S.
Mnlrll /I'llliliil III
MM' nil' siiiiiilii'il liv llli' iiiiimiii' iiMi,
mil' III' llli' Imii;i''i| in \ -ii, hIIhi i liv
iiii|ini'( in(, ulri'iiii wlllrll lliuv'i mill lli<
iilsl.illli'i', Hnlin'wlllll.
r.
Ill ll
if Si'iili'iiilii'i', Ls.!.-,. I,
llimis.'iiiij nii'ii.
ll' wl
V 11 Inr,
r
Mill hull wi'i
-IS lliiiii Iwn nilii'i'iil. Ill
ll llli
IT ll ill' S|i iniii'ils 111
'I Th'mI snlijli'is, riniii I, in;
A l''li'lir|iiii.iii I liiis ili'sri ilii'< I 111' sri'iii' ; ( >ii i'IiIi'Iiiil; I Ir
I'nll III' ll I.
'i\:itmv, VM' wi'ii' iniirli siii'iin i
Iiii'Iiiil; I-Iii' .\iiii.iiiiili' llli illi'i viiii'ii. i|iiii'llv si'.ili'il nl
llli' Srlnlill, iliirs In l.ii. Mi'iM'
rmiliniii' my <'niii|iiiiisiiii, Snij^nii wniiM lir mniK
'illlli' |in-.illnli Ml ,\lllWll|i. I''l;;llll' In \iilil
Srll II rminlrv |iiiiiiily Ii'M'I, inlcr.si'i'liil liv ni.ii,'
wiiihIi'iI, W'IIi lit; 1 1 lis, H It ll
Mini liiiiiVMiis mli'iiiii nil' lli'ii
nnr-i, Wl
ll' il<, wit ll |imIiii III
111- inrlii'-i Mini linn Inli ilji' in nil |iiissili|i' wnvs; pin
liri'i- iiinl l.lii'i'i' li.'i I ll llli
-t'lliiiil. .'^Iinili-s Iml.^
Iiinillnni Mini I'l.n
iiniiml wliirll I'iiriilnli', , l:i\\ I
({I'liiil, lirsl ninii' III- li'ss iliilv iiml nnly nn n, wnn i ii
iln'ii 1,'lllis. I lii'ir MI'ilM riiiisi'il. I r I lii'V ll nl lli'il, lIli'll' ' mill rliililirii, I linn Mm-k iiinl iiiil'llnnk iii^ liiilliik
■lil< Wnlllil jllsl sillljlly IllVi' ll 'I'll 11
ill'; il'llii'v ll nl I llii'ii iiiirs wliisn In lln
i|mi;;ril till' ili'l'i'iiri', (.liny w.nilil li.i\ n I it mm'l llmiii (iiwU nt' lliiil varnlv n
llli' i;iiiinnl, iilnl. In I \\
'IT |in|illlMl' in lMI|n{il
sl\' ; sn, lii'in ' 111 I
Imilil, llii'V mIisI iiiii'l. I Mini Vnll will In' Ms wi'll ni'iiliii ililii I lis I Mill \\\t
ll tins
ll nllinvi'il llii'iiisi'Ki', 1,1 1 Ill t.
mnsl inrl'i
illliln
1)1 il'iv .
(Wl
|iii"i'.
Inr I
I'llll ill,' : |inrlin|l III' |,,i\v I'ni'llin I'lllnM.
II' silk I' III
■j'l
11' vii'vvs Wl' llli VI' "ivnii. mil' 111 w
innimiil v, Ilinl I Ins li i
ll is lii'ill ll |-,l
I liislilv ninl llimiLjliI li'ssjv ninnlli nl I he iivi-r nl >mii;iiii Ixr:
llirll is tilki II III lln'
|i. I'lO). 'iml llli' nllni'
|i"liii('il, mill mily i'i'|ir,'si'nU ■imm' sml ninl i'\,'i'|il iniinl {src |i, |(>l) mi lis luiiik i, will rnnvi'V n ImltiT iilnn nf
I'lisc.) Tlinl is llii'ii' iliilv ninl il i< iiinlnrslnml liv 'In' f^i'iinrnl n.s|ii'rl. nl ill iiiiliy llinn miy ilnliiiliil
lln' Miilitii'i's III' 'I'll link, iiinl in Iliis ri'sii,','i llmv liinn ili'si'rini imi.
l|,i||l> III i'nlll|ilin' wllll llli'lll, siVl< llli'ir liii'inis, llln' W n Wl'ln, nil llli' lull nl' I' I'liinniy, nl lllr llinlllli
I 'liiiu'Mi'. Miinv nC llii'si' lirnM' li'll.uvs In. I nn iinirmni. nC (lin rivm- nl' .Snn,' m, willi llm I'/i/i;/! Inn run viii;; lln'
limy wi'in in i-m:s. Ilk,' nil lln- inliiliiliiil-inr lln- i-minlry. ( (llli; nl' \' inn A iliiiir.il Iti^niill iln ( ii'iimiilly, llic /';■(
Mnsl wntH' mini'il willi iniiski'ls, willi lliiils, 111.111111111' ' iiiiiniiiil., Ilirnn /^iili Imiils, ii.s ninny tiMii.s|im(H, iinil .1
Icicil III St. Klii'iilii', wliinli iislmiislii'ii 11s i;i-,'iillv. I 'S|iiiiiisli Mli'iimni' A7 I'hiki. W'n inlvniiinil linlilly ii|i
I', mill .snvi'liil hull' |ii';ii' slin|ii'i| j^rninnli's, liill nl' Iliis iinlwuik nC rivnrs, inlnrlnmil in llic .sliniinrsl.
|iiiwili'r, nil (lie i^iiiiiinl, Inil I rinnnl nlliini il Iliis ininiii'i' piissililn, ilm l)iiws|iii(, in llm lines, ynl, willi
is n ri'ijiiliir wn;i|i,iii nl' wnr in llm ('n.liin I'liiiii'sn livn (,,1 .si\ Cillninis nt' wninr. 'I'lin cliinf xli'cmn wns
iiriiiy. In llm nii'Miitinin, llm nisi t'ni'l. w is lilnwii ii|i, I'l'iiiiiiilv imt. Ii'ss t linn 11 liinnlinil yniiU in wiillli. 'I'lin
ninl llm iii'\l iliiy it. wns tlm (inn nt' tin- wnsl. liirl. It' n|i|irii.inlins wnm ilnrnmlnil liy n iln/mi wnnilnii Iniis,
llii'si" wnrks wnri' |iiin|ly ilnl'i'inli'il, llmv wni'i'. mi llm VM'll Mlinnil, Mini liv llini' slniknilns. All tlii'sn Wi'ln
nlliiT liiiiiil, iniiivi'llmislv 111 inn I. I siw inn'^nili niii iMiriml r.i|ii,lly, llm I wn In^l wlunli wiin rmmi'st. tn
liimizi' mills. Mil, I llm wi'-|. I'nii, nmil iiiinil linsiiln-i, 11 llm Inwn iilnim Iml, Inn,; mil, Cnr smiin limn. linrmi'
lurk nf t'lclil mtillnrv; nri'tlv iiinni'* nl' li ninl nl' !), likn mi Imnr linl nl.iiisnil wn wmn in .Sniifnii.
mil' nwn, only in ninl il mi iiiiim'iisi' wlmnls, likn llm
.\nmii('mi Iniiiijii'
Klliln
ivniir iiiiw til ri'iirn^i'iit tn vmirsnl
s IV n Inwn, MS wn iiml
•isiiiiil ll
ll ill K
lint.
I.lll.
Wl" wnrn ilnlinilnly I'slnlilislmil nn .slimi' tlinsimn :i I in|ij,'nl Inrr-t, mit nC wliinli siirLjn li|i, t'lnin iliMlninn
liny, wnitin^ Cnr tin- Aiininiili' iiniiy, ii' il. Innk il. iiiln In ilislninn, iilinnst rnnirni'lnlili'. iinliilnlinns, nil yiiiii,
il.s Imiiil tn ii|i|ii'ir lint, il iliil imt. cniim 1 1 was
tri'iimnilmislv Iml; liottti-, I tliink, tliiiii I nviT t'nll. it
It WHS a I'nrnii'i'. Twn nr ili
I'l" 111' niy iiii'ii |i('ris
Imil
inwi'vnr
nn this hnv nt' Tiiinii,
t'rniii tiitiijim mill tlm Imntnt'llin sun. Nnlliini,'
I'lMllil lliivc licnn liinrc hniiiil il'iil, ll
I'lit init in tlm slin|ii' of a rrnsi'mil. willi ils t.\v,i nmiin-
tnin I'liiins ]ir,i!niii;nil into tlm oi'i'iin ; whikst, onr twn
I'l'i'sl
I, inli'l'si'i'lnil liv llvillnl'S, wliinli nniim iinil I'l
cniss mm aiint.lii'i', ami :xrt' In.st. tn tlm .sinlit, ami limn
lyain, tiniiilst tins vi'Hi'l.alinii, iiiaskcil liy trees, a f,'rnMt
.si|iiiiri' ImsliniiiMl fiiit. in fjnml Imwn Ntnim, ami yon have
hnrnrnyim Sni:,'nii mnl ilsnilMlnl. Tlif^ lirsl .snircmlniiil,
iinil llm sennml fiillownil sunn, altlinimli it wa.s lint
visihln Irnin llm rivnr, ami Iiml tn
1111 niirrmi
1 hv t!:(!
Inr liiivint:
si|nii(lriMis at imi'linr, tlm rniiiiiii; In iiinl Iro of Ihn ' Innii |inii v wilhmil aiil 110111 tlm slii|iM. At'
enili.irkations, llm vnrinil nnifnrm 111' niir iiilnnlry, ol'mir ' silninnil ils lire, we esialmlml with Ion;; hainhori lad-
marines, ami of tlm inlmiial li'iin|inrs of llm riiili|i|iiiii's, j ihis, <'.ii|incliiii,' to Iiml llm K'-'"'"'''-'* '"*''''''l" "" tlmir
and the tings of the two nnlinns lloating aliovc tin; jiicves, as at 'i'uruuj but this time they had disappearod
f
1«R
All R<M \>^ "*•'?. Mi>i;lA
\\> f.Mii'iT in-.*i>1.r 1 I'l-.' IlK.'ir- l'.vi\. i .....j.i.t.
•WM-i.ll xl'.'Ht 1 "lyOlM' |..>litl.l- nl j'i«i|il 111 Iniili'l
,i,.'« ■i'lltl" 111" •.lll]'llllV I'M. I IMlIltiM 'li I'.'Mtl-. IlilMlt ',
\'-.,\ »n(?i.'i(i\t f.>i x.(>(>0 iii,-ii nn,i 1 .'tO (M*l> I'ldi.a in
l' 1' ni,>iii'\ .'t t)ir .-.miilM lint !•. «." ^i\. m -\]>.|i-i
ll iV'iniiiv- .'1 i^i'i^ t' 111 i1. r Iii'l •iin'«il. •■■> ill il llif
■ ,'in\1>c'v o1 IikIc I'll- t1")t .•.'in|i.".-.l llii' iiiili^tM ■ ln'^l
Tiv>nti«'>i *•> TS.Ot'iO cii»ii
I iii-t il!i'.i in\-r'( V'l ^ i«th,'"''i i" "n'.'V <.i jm.- t1>i'
' ii;lit, inH -.iM.'ix hi>r 1 )> 1 . ..'.1 :) !■. II. 1 i'lii- P).j..,li.
:i".' IIm' }|.1'1.''.i ii>'i .'I I'liM'l I'll 1 ' '! < 'tun 1 . .'11. I'lll
.VII tli.MV. .liiiA 1^l.■l^> vl.'.>i. iImi. Wtill 1« in ^.,....vM,.
■III.) lA T" 'iu'ii fn-il'.'^ l1.i> ■! . 'll 'I'i. 11 1 -I'l Miili.nl
Hr.'I'itnti.Mi . I'll 1 Itii-m i- !.•'. rinl* ll !•• «.>iii.'t1uiiu
'■i,. ill.' Oi'.'.'K I "'.iir.'lii'< t< I'liiM, «1ii'v.' ill. I'll.. -I
'■.,K i< i', )||, 1,. If.' |Vi' v\ if. .'.•.'ll'. Ill i)m- . ll i]'.-l, 'iii.l
l'\i' .■iM'.lri'n ]'''iv ii'.mii.i ill. -lit .1-
I 'iw.A. t'.'Vl ni,-l'i'.ll\!; \> ill llrll ni'll V .-11. iim
'lllllV « 'l ,1\ ill'-V..iV'.l.'.i 1J>. 111.. Ill .'.•!> Ill .'I X. 1
'■■••.> M'lr.i V. \ ,'n .''.l.'.-K !«.' .'I 'll^ 111.11 If. n.:l'i
' V.,- -1 1 , .-I wivf.li in.>.t '.friM.-. 1\ -{Mm-.-.) II, liirl
•.'.I'll l..'!'ll..-.' I'll' ]'1VA i. 11-. .VI' I'll; 111 ft 111: ll'i'l' .IllllU!;
'. '1, ".Mi ll. ''li I'l'il'lllliii lIli'lV 'ill llll;lit, 'lliil ll
V '... .VI'.',\ !ll .1(1 !.,'.<'l', lllll 1U\ ll'l'll 'll.l .li»-. I \ IT. .!
1 .11 'I'll,'", « I, T .- Ill i .>! IV. 111''.' Ill Ml. 111. 'ins I'liii ll'
,• ■' , .1. " '1 \ 1, II' iv 1 ii.-i". iii\ -'1,'pri ■.>, w ll. Ti I
'.'.•i liiiii .v.-'.-ni I'l i1.. "I'l ]. ll'. 11^ 11. '.■.It... \ .'t
., ll -111 .''.'.. •!.".. •. i'l ll «■■ 'I'.l 'I. 'I i .V, |.. ' .',1 I 'i. . I'.'
• _ /y. ■..,'.. y . i—rs >", .. i'l, •..••,,, ,v (',..,'..
... ^Sliuv 111,'. 111\ '.iiM 1 'I'll ll t :iil .".."..V 1
. ., i"" ,..,1. i._-.i.i 1 'I, ■■.'i|.i 1 iiui-t .'i.K.i ». '. .ii_-. I
• .1 v'vi.v,, t'.-it 'HI I'l'i-.- .'i.'i i>-n> l> l!.'i up !• I. ■ I .1 '1
'■.1 \ « 1^ l>'|l i'l L''' ' i p.' I'l P .•Til. 1.' inx
.1 "1" I "• ..•■. I'l'l'il ."I'll.' t.' -in 111 l.'r~t 111 I'lli.
li'. TVl'". "-l- I ' *. "t'ltl Ho Wl.. .,!' Ill 1«','1.M ...V.l-
■ w.itus ,'n_-',l v.>..v .'; .»._'.. i',..i-f, mIi'v .1 lit!,
.Jl.S, 11 V... i'.-,.,i . .",- ..ll.'.l, I. .M.'<. till •..'.. ,l,il.
■•■ '• .Trn "'ill. ,' •■'iiil \'."i ;n--"i.^ Ill' . \ . '. IV. '.'1.1
• "'I'.lirS . '>iv.. \s 'll '.-i.i -i'l'... .11 ".I'll. . I. !'.'
•- ■!.. 1 i''i,riv<- -i'. i .^^^l^l■.|.. i '1. 1'liiI'.!.,-.'!, n't' ii'..'i
.' (■'iill.'>«. ''■l..:'" 'I'.v. .|'>\.. liv. I'.'l^Il ll.' ll'l I I'll I.
' ■!•■ •i'*,"nri.. ♦. I'l^'i ', I'lr -■.5" 1 I '.'ii ill .'.iiiiiviiii M.i'i
VI ">«,>.5_»i',>"i I ,'•', . •. H'i'i ir ,'■ ><■ ■•.■'II. 'I'l, till,' iii.iniin'.;
• ■>." Ill !iN i ii'-i'i' ■. " 'Si'. ""ll'l r';t 1.' I. "ll'l
I . K.'»n'.'. '1". . •ui"'''.''t '-.111. Ii.v.''i'ii ill. Iv'.l tVi." .N
" f'li «•>••!. 1 H. '.>' 1 111.' ''I'H I'li'l-,' M-,'l-i' 'l!..";!
■>,.^.l( t''!-:' «•' Ills ■• p.> ''li', 1 '' i'>-l ■;•; i 111' ;."1\ .• 111.'
. .•, . ,"..•■%. IS •.i'',i-.i> ,•• ". ;•..,» I" h'l'. '''. Ii'lli' Vine''""
1'.,,, 1, HT.., n, ST I ih.\ ,y.[\ 1''. "i-ivilnri' ]ii'ii
.'.'•>. Vl-l,; 'v^,'>■ ,-, ..l,-." 'I'.v! |.\ 1'', \'".l'irt.>s TI, ■!!
,, .•,.;■ ,j M>v •' >* .V.'V . 1','V (!•';% m'.'- -l''. \-. S'll..- 1|
.; , „v. -l.-n ,..'.i'.>',.i.,...s .1', .■..,„ !.,.|..,.. ,.) i'., ■'l-..
• ' ..IV K ■'iL P': .'t!^ ,'',if*'.. . - ,'"i, '/.,, 'Is .1.1 ii.'.iii'.i ti'
• . I,-.. lr"i ■< '■ '■'■•■'._-• " '•. 1i:iv 111, 111, •iilx'.'i'viiN
v« ... ,.t.i,.,- '."<.»'..■ ,. ill. Svivii'si' I" ll'l.. . ■'.'is,- 'I '1
S,.i, ..,■., ^ V'l" 'ii.i.V ■; ' .'.''liii' '1 ! 1 iiii; 111 !•• sii.i
1- 'm sl'.r-! •II',: ivi. iriii'l i"'irlci'>'i '\ .^'iim'I i>i\ ni'.i
' .■■.■! i.i-'i'i 1- V"'.ri">"i"v 11. iv i"Mi;i..: Ills l'xiinii\.
i' I ■ \.''ii-.i; 1^ ■ ll. 1>.''i.^v.'>u nil . I'l ^'i-- ili'i'i'i-Ntoii
I, Is tl'T'illi; r.l-'ll. 1' ■!>, i'.s!.'ril»lli1'.s nI x\l;l.'l'. w'r.y.in.s ».»/»»,
Iiii^ .'1 .'I I ..iiilmi 111"* ill (111' I'liinvj .if V'liii 1. uli i.'
till' \i'll '1 WllVlll Ill'UlliI .ll'll..'. 111. I 1.. .■ll.l l.li I'lll
ill' » '. >l.ii;ni' ll ill.' . lilt I'l '1 ii'i'i (. Ill I 111 il'.iui' ..|
I'll inn'mii.'
\\ I ll v. \ I'llllli'lU 111' 111 ),. 1 ).. 1 ! 11 I'. 11. .11 lll'lt
ll 111! I111 .iii'i'i I ■ . ll ll' 111". ., 111..' :i iii.,M'ilil.'
ll.l... ili'..1iii.'.l 1.. mill.' llii' . Mil mil 1. < .'I till' 111.. Iir '
Si'ii:'.'M I'l'i'vi iiti iiliiii. 11 !■ , .11,1111 1 . I .1 ii.li 'iiilii^i' 111
tint ii".)ii it ll 1 ^ llti' 111,.' 1 111 11 11 '11 ml I .111.1 111 1 '.'I 1,111
I'liiivi Til.' Ill I'l 1 . 11 i\ 1.. i I, 1. 1 t',, I 1 >:. I 1 1 ill.
111. I ii.'ii li.'i'i' I'll.' 1 'I'. 11 ill, I'lll ll 1 til 111 ..'•■ll.l
iiii.l mil 11. mill' ll.l I'll. 11.!.'. 1.1 ili.'i 11. I'.l.' Ill
1«il\i' li.'ui'. .Ini ili.'U Mill. I ll' ■! ,.11.1 1.' ill. 1. 1111.
Willi fi I'lii.i.i'iM.' li.i'..' Til,' 1,111111 1 ilii, ll.l'
i|..'iiii.|^.. 111. I 1' 111. I. ll ll- .1 ill II ll ll .'I .''• nil I ll 11 I'
..'I in . I \ V'. i.'il u.j^.i 1 . . I « liil.i ;i . ;il..' 1 1. 111.1 I I nil. 11
riii.il \\.i.i|. toi' ..V. 111; ivr ill. 1111.1 11 1 . 1 1.. «.i> 11
111 '11:1 1 ill. .'111. rlii.l ■1'' 1.' I mil mil '11. ll ''('I » 1 1 '1 li' Im I*'
I'. .11 n 11111. ll
•I'
IllV 1.1 ill ll ,'1 I
.1 .'1
I'liV I'.Uls ..( ( '.,. 1 111 I '1,11 •! 1 ,1., 11, ,1 ,1 ll.l 111 ill.'
.'ll I. til ll Mllll :1 lllll. I'. I'll. 1 1.1 l.l.l )111|. 11. ■
-lllll ir ll,.^ .'I till. ]i 1 ll. ... ■! |.11 .1. .1 ll,.' 111. I
.' .1 .l.li .liiu.'r.fii '11 t ll.' « ..1 1.1 ill. ] .,| 11 I'll 1, 11 1 11 nil 111 II
( 'lull.' i>. .'lllll 'lllli.'lli;li ll.. 111.' ll 1 ■ 11 ll. ll 1. .- .1 lllll 11 ;lt
I'ln'.'ii V.1.1 1.1 I 'iiJ lllll. mil ,1 1. 11 1. ..111. .|'il'lti'
*>i1,..iil t'r '111 1 ' t II I '.i.jM I'l'..!.. 1'. -11. i 1'.' I'll. 1 ll. ri' fl
l.lllW .111), r.'iil 1 .s\ 1.. 1 111 'lull \ . 11 I 111
-.11. It;. ..| llri'l.l « 1 ll I ll \ ,. 1 . 1 11. .1 ..( Ki . lii.iiiii
11.11.1.1 111. , 111 .1 l!i.\ lli:i\ ii|.iv I. II ill. I ll. ( ill <
r, 1,11 I \ .. 1 Til. \ ' .1 , 111, , !■, , 11 . , iilii 1111 .1 111 :l
ii.i»^i.'ii ll \ « 1,1. Ills V.' 1.1. .1 tlir. . > .' 11 - 111 1 1. . . null \
1 'I'll.l li'O .1 111 T liilllliM )... 1,1 .1 lllll. ill. ^ I 'ill. '11
lirl\ I.. .■.ll-lil.Ti'l .'Is 'lUs.-lut, |\ 11, I 1. ; ll ll I. I'.l .' 1^1
l'l's!.iii._^ ■! t, \\ li-iii.'n.'s rili.i.i, till V iiiiii.i; 111.1, 1 .1..
.. r. 11. mil til.'
11. I Vll, M 11 1! . I I lilt . ..rl.) \ . Ill III.
;r.'.'.'nl '.' I in, n . 1! M i'i ..ji] ."■.•. 1 l.\ I .1. |.iii '
lil\. 1,111 -.lii'r.l t.'l I'lll, . 'Ill) . 1 1. .1 N. 1111111.; Ill
P.'ililll 1 '1 'i|' .' lis It ll'll 1'. si.l, 1,, ,. ;| (, 11 l.'.i,;... Ill 111
I il.'ii.j; 1'.. I' .j'Uil . I r iiiil'.isjM II. 11, 1. 11. 1. .1 11'. .1.1
HI.; ll;. I'll .■. Mil V 1 11..', '-.1 1 . 1. .1 111 n I I' ll I'l 11 1 '111 II
tim tii.'ii 1 .1 I |.; ri . . ll ..1.1 .( ' ■.!!;. 11. I'l'iit li\ '.
.'..l.'i.i I .'1 Pr. 1 , ll .ii!:nii.i- ("1 1.11 l.'ii._'. II.' l.'ii... 1
I'Mst . It li'is l...,'ll Vl. M 11 11)1 \\ ( .liv ) r. '. 1 V . .1 tl I'
' '■•■- lli.'it 11. i._l.li.'ii". .1 ll.l' iiviv. :ii,,l wlii.li nil mil
.Mril-^l.'.i t.i llir 1,1 .'1 11.. I'l ('.111" 1 .Iriiil .Iniii 1. uiii
l-.i'vv Till V '11'.' 'II <_:.,] Ii.ii.is l!i 11 -111'. .1 ll It till
■.l.vv.'l .'t \iiii'iiii." .■1'- S.'iip'ii ini.i 11.^ )ir. viii. . I-
I'.'ill.'.i ll. r.', .i,.|. V1..I .ns ll is 111 !■.'■. | ... t 1.1 -..ii. 1 litivti'
nti.i vv'it,'!- Irm n i;i'i"it fiiliii'i' ill -i.n I. 1 it 111, .1.1
1 ';■.'!.. 'i .1.. Ill 11. MM. '11 ,\ In-i.iv ill.' I 'iil.i'li.--. \. i\ 111P1 r
.'.'11'- m til i'i 1 .'I;; 111 '.'in ll.l. .1. 'iv. ;i. . Ill 111 'lllll. u iLim mU
vt ll"* M 1 ..f. V I','. 1 i-lii]' ,1 1-111'. .'I. lis. riii.l tir I
V 'I'lir iiv.'-t.'h. 11 ll .'-1' ^.■._:.'iis. liN- "i'.l till ti'i.iiiliili' I -
nt n -ii'^.'.'!. ;i I, .Is]. It'll. Mii.l I'l :1 ilnr. li mIu.1i l.'ilt.i
Mil; |.,v l.,1 1! ,.,1 t t,., f, l...,i; 1 nil,. V I I. 1 li|i llllUll'illil-l
ilt U'lillm Clri.'i
1 |.'ri:'t t.";.'iv tliit. M I'.'ii .'111 •.liip- vv.>i'i» '■liilitiU. li .'1'-
.1II til. .'iV' -t .■! (^ii'i l'..i;l 1, n .iivisi. I, .'t till ,.\llli:illill.'
tli.\ V wlii.'l, w 'IV ,>i, ill,. I,>..k .'lit.tis .'li.'r till' Ivillriii
C-'lli'V'- Tii'-r ..tV ("'ripi' Mii'iiiiiii, 1.>.'1v Vi (Hi.-.' m ' in' •'!
• It*^n*- 'n'tr"/'.
<iisi i.ij' I'Miiiii: nii'i
.Ifii.ki.
M
Is tVsl ,-»l'l.ll
'I.
•k IS
IL' I" «li t
!llv. I 111-- lif^l
Ik till
iiii.'ils ili.'it ill
till' ,1. nil. ill lt:i .'(
vv-.i, ni>
'•iii.|. iffim •i"ti!liTi
I Iv.;.. 1-1 1I111I ill,' C""'"! Ill'l-^t'-l
w I- nil 11. V 1.
,.^.«I J-,nv|M.,-| •!
U. ii.l'^ls
.ili'r .'1: V siv.ki
S.MIll .i..l|!l'vtl,
'I'lll inl.'i-'-ni''
Vv. 1'.'' fv'
-li".
Iinn-iliv.
Ill ll'
I', iiil
ml r-i ,"ir i*.".
ll -s ilirii ill. Vn'ii.'l t',.r.'i' iliil I'fi''' 1 nllirii'".
till islll
.'11; li;i- lli<t lulls. "1
.i-'l.." till I'l
'It Siiiiri'ii .
1.1 lint fi'.'iii lli'il iiii"! I'lll
•v.'iist li'iii
M Iw'ttli^.l'll MI
1
i-..'l..'ii I
1 I \
.1,1,'
st mil
ll.iv 'iiiv. Ivil'ti li.«i.'!.-i'.l 1V11I1111 I'ml f.".-| I'V
til n li.iiii tlicv linvc ri'iiili'tvil tli,'iii«i'li'os . a.-.'. .1
ih' rost. In iv '. t^iviin i-iti7.^ii nl
iintvipiila".
■:!
'-run KKAM A\ ini'iii -I iiMi'ii-r; iiii M\ri;ii im i, . -i \i' imi|'M i r < '/' in : ' iir a
Bl'i
11 I
I Mi
v.
in i
I i ?
i| 1 1| ;
!!
i{ ii
ti.:
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, A.NU JAPAN.
tho riviTH Msy.ki,iii;{ iiiiil Siii({cm. W'c wcii' iiiiiiMi'
to tiillow It (iir want cit' i|i'|)tli of water ; Imt llic caual
wa.s lildi'kaili'il and tlii) (/Dcliiri-tyliinKsi' slii|iM witi'
ri'iliii'i'il, at'tcr a lilnckailc of tliiri' iimritliM, tii siicli an
oxtri'initVi tliat llic Mamlarin, Kii'mnin, wlio com
niamli'il tlii'in, unli'icil tlicni to lie Imint ami tiirnril
the MJtil 'I'M Mili'ill. 'I'lii'si' nnfiii'tiinati'M, at'ler liavinj^
wancliTuiI aliDiit fur ten i|ay«, arriM'd at Saij^dn in a
utati' of utnmst ilcstitiilinn, and tn their i,'reat joy iinil
iiitinite surprist^, tliey weie kindly received \i\ ,ti.
Tile llretr tliUN ih'strnyed was eoni|Hised dF eight
war-junks (if fii'st rank, and nf tive of secund rlass
ITl
|iresenieil tn Miy [H'Ticil; Hi|iiaro faco, yellow coni|iloxiiin,
red eyes «'iiikiii;,' lieneith lids niaiiif'estly tun larye for
the or;,'aii wliieli tiny envered, wide nmiith, hun^'inj}
li|is. teeth lilaek and nurnded liy lietel nut, a liody at
iiiiee thin and si[iiat, and lastly, H|iare hinlis, — such
svas the a|i|ieai'ani f the ex Inandarin nf Saijjiiti, and
with slight variation'' it would apply to all his conntry-
nnii. (Inly when we ap|ily it to the people we iiiiist
supplant the expiession of ■ unning and deceit, which
predoniinatiis iinioiig thosi.' in jiuwor, by one of sorrow
and dejei'tion.
It will he seen from this that tlie Cochin-Ohineso
riio Cochiii-Chineso admiral sou;^ht refu>{e at first at I aro not hand-oine. If they are younjjt'r lirothers to
C'liinpot, ill thu (iulf of Siani. I!ut dreading the
anj{t'r of the emperor, In^ opened his lielly in the jire-
seneu of the otKcers of his stall', as the lloinaii admiral
at (!apu Miseiium would not have faded to do under
siniilar circumstances to the greater glory of Nero or
l)omitiaii.
lint do not iinagino that all thn Aiiiiamito fiinc
tionaries arc similarly pirparcil to saerifici^ tlieinsclves
so classically on tln^ altar of heroism or rather of fear.
A few weeks afterwanls I had the pleisuie of si'cini;,
with my own eyes, a land mandarin arrive at Saigon,
who was possessed of more practical philo-nphy than
his maritiiue co!lea;^Uf. This was no less a personage
than the indigenous prefect of tln^ province. Tho
the Chiiiiie, they aro much degenerated from their
elders, who, without lieilig Apollos, .still possess gelio-
r.illy such force as is deriveil from u more fully devo-
liiped liody and limhs. They piw.scfs tie.sides a c|uulity
wlii<'h is completely unknown to their neighhoura of
the south —cleanliness.
What we call with Us the fair sex does not make an
exception to the general rule. In hpitt; of a mild anil
kindly aspect, of a liu.-.t tnliralily wi'll inodelled in
youth, of feet and iialids that Would he envied liv il
I'arisian, and of long lilack hair, always comlied and
raised up with little care on the hack of the head, the
f'ochin Chinese lady does not impart a more iigreeahlo
impression than her lord iind master. With the one
period for sowing coming on, this worthy man, liko a I as with the other, thiM'o are the same ficial features,
truo disciple of Triptolemus, seized the pretext of agri-
cultural interests to enter into negotiations with us,
and to a.ssurc himself as to the state of things, and the
phvsiognoiuy of those who had usur|ieil his residence
ot'old.
Conducted into tho presence of our commandant, he
prostrated himself iiiilhcr more imr less than he would
liave done lieforo an idol, and he then addressed him in
a speech which our interpreter translated in the tijllow-
iiii; char.u'teristic terms ; —
the .same form of (lrcs.s, tho same deteriorated teeth,
and lastly the same want of cleanliness of Imdy and
dress. It is even said that tlie latter, the parts of
which must always fall otf lietiire they are replaced,
enter into the gastronomic caiculations of their pro-
piietors, great or little, rich or pour, in as fir as the
myriads of insects ti which they afford an asylum
are coiiceini'd, and of which the women aro not a Lit
less greeily than the men.
Apart from this exiraordin.irv taste, common to nil
•' You are not like those jiiriites who come hut too das.ses of .society, e\eii that of the highest classes, tho
frcipiently into our rivei's to roli cities and insult the people of Ann.im appear to me to he more .sober even
Women; you are wise —since you c.iine from that great than that of the '.'elcstial Kiiipire. They arc utterly
nation in tho west, who sent a virtuous man to the igi'or.int of all culinary delicacies. They eat little,
King Ngiiyoii-anh, wh.j was his friend, and you are feeding on lisli, rice, fruits, and a kind of pea [leculiar
strong, siiiie you belong to the same country as those to the country, and it is only at tho festival of tho
who restored to him the throne of his father, which new year, a festival which is at once religious a'ld civil
had been usurped by Tayson. Norn" can resist you in Cochiii-Cliina, that their ordinary temperance is laid
when you fight, but you are disarmed before tin- weak, aside, and that, according to a local expre.s.sion, each
Allow us then to sow our crops, and give us assurance family 'kills its pig," strangles its ducks, devours its
you will not withdraw your |irotection when the time fermented eggs, (fresh e;;gs are never eaten in Cochin-
comes round that we shall have to gather them in." ( 'hina), and consiimes in one or two repasts what it has
Wlualier ho wius sinocro or not in the reipicst. it was .sjived up during a whole yi'ar. I>ut e\en in this annual
granted to him, and lio was reconducted to the outposts, dehanch, in thi! midst of the evanescent fumes of wiiio
with military huuuur.s, which tilled him with surprise (.sanichu) and rice-spirit (rak or rakil. tlie( 'ochinChinese
and gratitude. cannot shake o|f the dejection of spirits that is habitual
(/'lad in a long rolio of damask worked with gold and with them. Their greatest elforts at gaiety do not extend
silk, ami in nether garments of red silk, which did not to dancing, and i do not think that I ever heard one
cover his black feet, very impt^rl'cetly protected by his of them sing. Never imisy, ijuiet in their conver.sji-
slipper.s, this augu.st dignitary had a black hat on his tion, which they maintain on all occiusions in ii measured,
head, decorated in front liko the hat of a roadman, nasal tone, if such a people jiossess national .songs, they
with a large metal plate, upon which were inscribed must be among those which we occidentals should select
the name and arms of his .Majesty Tu Duk, and which fora funeral. To sum up, the general iniprcssiou made
wasfuither supplied at its sidi'S with two appendages upon us by Cochin-Chinese of all ages and sexes i.s,
in black gauze, which looked like the wings of a night- that they eonstitute a congregation of nielancholy
moth, anil were nine inches in length. This curious
head-gear is the dis-tiiictivo decoration of a civil man-
darin, and it would of it.self have deserved the honours
beings ; perlia]is it is .so becau.so they have grown old
from age to agi; w itliout knowing what liberty is
In a subscipicnt advance into tho interior of the
of the sketch-book, even if it had not surmounted one j couiitr\, made from Turaii, not Saigon, the troops
of the most typical heads anil bodies that chance ever | were pushed forward until they reached the cle-
:!
172
ALL ROUND TIIK WORLD.
I;
lilillcil Millllllilills 111" M;nMi', :l Idlkv inllllliv, lulil
sili'll'd liV IiiimI Ml|irl>l II Inn. ;ili\ illllMliri' III ulllrll
ll.nl, liil' IIIMIIN >IMI> |i.l^l, liirll illlrlilirlril li\ llli'
<;ii\ I'lliliii'lil I'M'li III llir liiiliMNiil' til illilI'V. Till'
Mii||lllilill-< nt' M:ll'li|i' rise ill (lii> llllililli' iif i| f<Mllilv
ili'N.rl ;il I >i\ llliirs iVnlll lllr \ill,i','r ul' 'llll;lll
Tllr\ :ilc li lllnli'il nil lIli- Imllll liv lllr li\r|- Tlllilll,
;ili>l nil til' Miiilli liy till' nrinli. On ii|i|il'iiiii'llill^ t lirlil,
^111 ill lints nil' iilisi'i'\ I'll ii'^iin^' ii|inii till' I'lii'kK, :niil
Lull' |iiiyn(|ii> rniisli'ilili'd ill lii'anl il'iil Limllni"^, tin'
I'liti'.'inri-* III «liiili lilt' LiM'il li\ till' I'liiivnl nl' till'
I'iviT. {''iM' llMi;r I'nrks nl' II 1:1 ll ill ■, lnn|>|ni,' likn |||i'
•-iiiiiniil.s nf ninuiihiins KWiillnwril ii|i in I Im >;inil>, m-
liinii'il r;il Ih'iIimK, mI'i' W'|iiil'ilti'il limn I'aili nllirl' li_v
|i;i^sim'> I'nM iiil willi Inw trrr> iiiiil iri'i'|iiiii; |iliinls,
nr nli-.|nirti'i| li\ liln.'ks nl' -.Inlir, lihli'Ki llril li\ till' 1','lill
iilnl sen Imr/i's, One nl' llir^i' |imI|i>, ihllkrlinl li\ tlii'
tliirk t'nli.'ii.'r nt' iii\rlli"-. liiiniliiili'-^ ill ti IniiL; rn\ iiiij
wiiy lii'«ii ill till' rnik. 'I'lii-- i^ rrinli'i'nl ric-v nrilcMiMl
li\ Niiini' lirniiil ■'triis Ml Inn;; inlri'N .ils A Hi r pns^iii;;
lliriiiii,'li :i I'i'W M'i'niiils nl' i'iini|i|i'li' ikirkiii'ss, this
|iMs>Mi:r iijil'lls ll|KiM :l Mlli|rl'l';llli':lll ti'llljill' III ,'l I'llM'I'tl,
till' iiNpci'l nl' «liiili ini|iiiN.,> till' lii'liMJilir wiili its
snii'inii iiuiuiiiliri'lli'r I •" p U'l'.l i
This I'linrinniis I'Nr.itntinii. in whirli tin' haml nt' iiimii
:l|i|ir.'irs In h.lVi' wrnllu'lll nlll In.lliy ill.lll'Ji".. is lil'lv
III I Inll^' Kv |;.r|y I'lrl wi.ll', .'lllil IllhiUl InllV llxi'li'l't.
Ill:,'h. I'"lnlii I III' i;,ilr. nil rillii'l' siiln nl' \\ liirh iiri' I Wil
■ ■nlii'.Mll >l;illli's nl' sinlli', lr| U'r-i'lil il|.,» ;i hlini.iu lll'illi»
111 ii slr:iii:,'i' rnsiiiini'. ;iii,| si.nir ralnilmis iiiiiiiiiil, -
llini' i> a ilrsiTiil Kv a ilirp aii<l lapiil >lair In tlii'
i'nilniii nl' tin' i;i'ii||.i, « liirli I'lrivi^ llii' li:;lil nt' ilay
lliinii^li a iialnral njicniii;; ill llir ithi m nl i lir \anllnl
I'nnl' rill^ Is IiIIIIl: Willi t'l'sliinllS nl' I'll i 'I li II;,' [llallts,
in\i'i'i'il Willi I a\rs ami llnwcrs, llir lpri','liliii'ss nf
» liirli ailiniralil\ iniilrasl.s w iili tin' \ arii'il ainl lirillianl
I i Ills nl' till' links 0|i{insili' In I he I'lll I'alli'i'. mill II I mil
I slii.'litls i'ai~ril |ilallni'Mi, to which li'ails a iiannw
pailiway nl' liiirks, ii'i'iiiiiial iiii; in sniiii' sli'|is. is plarnl
a lii^li allar ailni'iii'il with rhamli'liiTs iiaiiilnl ri'ij, ainl
i\a\ lallilli's nl' llli' sMIlli' I'nlnlir. A ll-W nllli'l- nriia
iiii'lils. ri|ilally siiiipli', suri'niiiiil a slaliii' nl'unnil iIii'it
III ill lu'ii,'lil. ii|'iisi'iiiiii^ a man in a sitiiin> |instiiri'
Mis li'alilli's. Ills ;;ariiii'lils. w liirli havn iinl liiliiT nl' I lii'
I liilii'sO sivli', lii.s til I jniiirl ainl plaii'il Mil, ami his
I'Mi'liili'il liaiiils, (li'si;.'iiali' Idiii Willi Milliririil rlianii'ss
a> an iilnl nl' till' I'lll.MliisI Wnrslii|i, ;| irli^inll In w liirli
Is iliii' a ui'ial I'ail nl llir ~ii|ii'i's| ii i,i|is nl'llu' I'.irliin
I'liilirsi', ainl nl w hi, li iiiniiiiiii'iils nt' a ri'liinln aiili
'|llil\ aVi' In I'l' lllrl Wllh l'\ I'l'V w lli'l'l' llirnlli;llnlll this
'"iiiil y\ .
ll is illl|.nsvil.|i In s;iy wllitllrr this li'l i;.'i. .|| was
I'lnii^ht n\ I'l' In this iniiiiii'\ I'i'.iiii ('liiiia, nr w:.s ihn
w.iiknt' liiilian ami rliiiii'sr iiiis^i,,i,, nil's ai i In tiiiii<
nt till' L.'1'i'al iiiiiliihist ii'\i\al. Hi' thai as it iiiav,
lln' liinral ami si'iplii-al ilml i iiii's nl' jiinlill' arc iin
lniii.'ir kimwii ill I n.liin ( 'hiiia. i'\ii'|i| in a ^iiiimrilv,
sn slliali as tn In' 1 111 | il'li'i 'I i| i liji'. Mns| nt |||,. ;;i':ii|
lil'i'S nl till- sl.itr, i,|iM||y i:;l |, .I'alll wiill ihr mass nl'
tin- |ii'n|.ii', i'l'lii \i' ill sni'i'i'iiTs, ilivils. ainl unml ami
hail u'li'ii. ar.l alli'^niii-al |.rrsniial inns nt' the t'niir
cll'Illlllts.
'I'hi' fi'liL.'iniinl' ihiililha, - it'iiliurinii that .an hr railed
whiiM' primary ili'iiii'iil is tntal iiliiii'iraiinii nt' hi'lid'aiid
the di'.slriu'tinn i.i' all t'ailli, - had its nri;;iii in tin' imrlh
nt India. si\ nr srvi-n I'i'iitiiiii's hitnii' mir rni, mid
fapidly tniik I'nnt tinr.'. whrri' if I'nnld |i\,. withniit
JHI-Sci'lltinll. JlcIH'cil I-carhcd llli' snllth nl' llln |i('llill-
siila, in l'i'\lnii ; hill I'l'lntind llii'lni' In the stairs nil
till' h'l'l hank nl till' ( imi^fi's in ir, mid In I lie I'l'il nl' ihii
II iiiiiiliiyaii i'aiiL;i>. 'riniii'i', riiissiiii; tin' iiiiiiintiiiiis, i'
I'Mi'iidid ilsrit' with prndi'.'iniis lapnlily iininn;; tin'
si'iiii lialhainlls piipidalinli thai tilli'dlhr \ a- 1 strpprsni'
inniiiilaiii plain • nt' 'riiilii't and MnliLinliii. lininu'nti,
it IraM'i'si'd ihr I'liist. and I'ln-'^in;; the mmillis nl llii'
(!aii;;i's, as it had iihi'ady I'l'iissnl the liiimilayas and
till' Nni' Kiilih, it iiivadi'il riiiniiali. .\^iini, iiiidlhi'
iliinirlisi' plnN iiiri's that wpmali' Ihr linllls and
I'liina. .\t last it riaihid ('liiiia it ill'; mid, in
lln'Ni\lli year nl mir na, madi' .sinli pinerrss iis In
III' nllirially iidnplnl liy llir I'.nipi mis. jli'lii I'lml ll
I'liina hi'i'.inii' I he ^nat scat nl r>iidilliisiii ; mid Iri'lii
( 'liiiia rinanalrd till' mi sinii nf II iniirii 'riisiiii;;, finiii
w liirli till' ii'siisiilatinn nl riiiddhisiii in India datrs
ils I'l-a.
I'lll what is jiinhlhisin I I'lliilly. Itmhlha was him
sril a wise man and a unal n rnriini'. I'ldnraird ii
pi'ii si nf I'i'alilna, hr applird him-ilr In Ihr .study nl
till' N'rd.is nr .'■ai'li'd hunks, mid Mmli prin'tratnl In ihi'
Iriilh I'.M lyw In II' In' mw in that rrlinmii niily
I'i'pl'i'si'lilal IM's nl lilt rihllt IS nf till' I li'ily, hut Imw In li'
(inil hilll.si If III' Inlllld, tlinri'iiM I'. Ilnlllili,' irllaill
lull till' nil iihatinii nf iimralily. Ilriirc till' liist stml-
ill^' pnilll nl' llllildllislll isailnlllil Illli \ rl'.slll si ipl iilMII .
Ill iiMiidili;,' idnliitry in the |rrniiality nf tlir I'rilV,
III' fill inlii till' rijiially mi inns iiinr nf n.. triialiMii,
liy ih'chilili;; (tnil In lie llir iiliii c ilsill- prrMidilif,'
and aniiiialini; all iml a ^pllil. i i w i m r, I in iirliiiilly
the iinivirsi' itself. Man, linn Inn . r>iiililha |i|nliniilii'i d
In he a pnrlinll nf the I elty . i.liil the hiehi I' Ills till l.'il
enmlilinii the la.'irei is he In the ,U' dly ^plril. Ve
need llnl pninl lillt W hi I I' I 'III Id I <1 1 11 i III 1 1 Ills | ll i li .sn| hv
while stinlvilii; ill the l'!ast 'I he ilifl ll ill inns nl |:iid(l
liislii, in their |<lll'i' slate, eall ii| i n liiaii In i I mi M' fiMi
eiiniimiliilmelitsmid aM'id ll II sins. I' ii si Inkill Im aiiiliail
nflhe niianest kind (as p.-i tiikiiii; <d the li\ iii;; i sn lee
nf the 1 lily); lint In -lial; I nl In lillilllit iljlltiiy;
iinl In 111': not In iliiiik i I 1 1 \ ii ,ii iiie drinks, 'I hnM<
H lin nlll \ these i nmmmidiiii iits will ne\el' lie hiili;;ry,
nr nil ill ky, nr iinli rtnnale. .Aiinnr't the ten sins
are iliinid, idle t;lkil;,', <li\y, i ml lie InlhiW iiu' nf
liil.M' ^nds. 'Ihnse w hii a\ I ill tin m' will lieemne wiilliy
In .see ami he.-ir ( Ind, mid he iMIiipl llilii wii:;hl
^ll|lpre.ssinll 1, nlll a^e, (Mm ase. i.lid death.
1 he 11 lull rirahliiiiis, \\ Im li ni.d this liaihin^' tn
lie ilaiii.'einiis tn the |iili>amine nl llnir wiirhip,
adnpii'd it li\ 111,'ikini; their i wn twn ini ai raliens nf
the |iiil\ \'i-hiiii and >slii\a I 1 1 aiiie a^aili iliiaiiiate
in the persnii nl' I iiililha, wlinse Miptiei>m lliy made
s,'ii'reil, liy >a\ im; he was .^enl ililn the w i I Id In
inspire ilniilits against the i ppninnls nf I lahmili and
\isliiill. A M'l urate plie.-lhni ll 1 f I I'll/es, kept llphv
ililnplinli. Was ;;ii. dually llstitlltid Inr the V nl ^llip nf
r.iniilha. I the dm tlilie nf the i ihi ; ey nf fa^ts, iind
prayers liy pi nxy llinni^li tll'pril^t In leleiise sniils lii in
pnruatniy. Was iiilinihii 1 d and Inn il ly imiilealed, 'Jims
erailnally the sini) le eh ar idia nf rinldhtl liilnself de-
eetieraled aL;ain inlnti wnisliip ef iilti ihiiles, iilli'j;nrieal
persiiiiitleatii'iis nf the elelin ills, ami veplile.s— I'M ll
the liieanesl nf w hii ll are Milnlmisly |irnteeti d liy his
ereed 'I'lnis dn we find Imw prune is the hi mall
iiiiiid ill ils weakness tn repaid the thin;; inaled
ralhei- than the Crealnr, imd In .'i\ nin the mie, simple
idea, klinwii rtliil levealed to the wise, in all a^es, that
'•(Ind is a Spirit, mid tlmse whn wniship him must
wniship him ill spirit and in triilli "
IIILIV,
-ins
; c.f
illiv
jai'aNKsk ika (.aui.'i;ns.
► * V V- pr-*:
GARDENS OF THE EMl'KROR Ol' JAl'AN. AT VKDDO.
i^ii
I !
II
7
1.
CHINA. COCHIN CHINA, AND lAPAN.
175
JAPAN.
Fak away in tlie Nortli Piicifio Ocean, almttiii',' on
'. 'Iiiiiii, witii wliii'li tlh'V iiro I'DiinciitiMl l)y Sinflialirii.
Imr, pliysicallv iiiiitiMl liy Kani-^cliatka, of wliicli tlu'y
aiiil till' IviM'ili' tsli's tiinn Imt a .s|nir, is a jjroiip of
i'lmils wliicli vi'i'y ild^rly ri'M'Mil>lt' (.Jroat Uritaiii wllli
If ■! Hill to till,' mirth of t^cotlanil, ami two gri'at isluuls
in till! (Jliaiim-l, this <;rou|i Ih'Imlj again |ii-i>lonj;iMl liy
th ' liOo clioi" anil otlirr isli'ts to Fonmwa ami tlii'
l'hili|i|iim! Islamis, ami liy tlu'so ajjain ami Ni'w (.uiiii'a
to tlu^ oontinont of Australia, thus constitutinj,' ont'
uri'at liand of n.ck. ami lauil, ami sea, which i,'irt liy
thi'ir soaiiciri'ular ilisiMisitiiiii tin; Ari;liAri'hi|it'laf,'o of
lilt! worlil — ono ex|iansi' of ooi'aii, I'vcrywhi-ri' stuililiiil
with coral rcrl's, isli'ts, isl.inils. aii'l i,'rou|>s of islamis.'
Tlio lands in nin'stiou rich with all the gifts of
II iturc, fertilo licyoml uu'asui'i', ami with a gloiioiis
iliinatc, have long constituti' I a |io|)ulimseiii[)irii ri'iiiote
from till' rest of the worlil, ami which, if accidiMitally
or imrpost'ly thrown in cmitict with it, it has rcpclli'.l
uitli cliurlish scltislincss. This ouipin^ is callcil liy the
II itivi's, Niji-poii, " llic Kiiipirc of till" Sun," or "Suii-
s iiirc' Ijountry," .iml Itv the ('hiiiese. Yang liu. INIirco
Polo, the eelelirateil Vcni'tian tr.iveller, ha\iiig first
a iiiouneeil its oxisteiiee to Kiiropcaiis, c.illeil the
1 iiiiitry Zipangn, — a name which has lieeonie .I'llin -
vi itijil ami corriipteil into .lapiii. Kroin tlie liest
I liiie.isurement, it woulil appc.ir that this vast insular
.■iii|iire of Kastern Asia |ii)s.se.s.si's a superficies of
-7l>,-ll si|n;ire miles. Its population is iiiiiuense,
riie nuiiilier of |ii'ople one eiicminteri mi the roads
:iiid higliWiivs is imredilile It has lii.'eii esriiiiit.ed as
liiiili as .")(!.( Mil I.I 11 II), .111 I as low ius 10.(1 111,01111, hut
I lere caiimit he less tliiii :i0.oOi(,0(iO, and (hey arc
"!' .Moii'^olo-Uliiii".se or Tartir Chiiii'si' origin; their
1 in'.,'uag ■ lieiiig ,iNo a dialert of the (.'liilie.se,
Tlie first si'ttleiiii'iit in dapiiii took its origin in
the wr i-k of the I'ortugilese .i Iv.'iitiircr Kern iiido
.Mcndez I'liito, ill 1")12 or l-")t.'i. who e uric I such
glowing accounts to his countrymen as to induce tlieai
t > si'iid a e imiirTcial expedition, which, estalilisliiiig
itM'lf at Xagisaki, conducted tor s 'veral year-i a emi-
-1 ler.ihle tiMile with the n itives In l").S'). a mlssioii-
iry deputation was sent from Uoiiie to .lap.in, ami the
.lesiiits having set alioiit converting tlie n.uives, such
III oiiterv w.is r.ii I'd. an I so many lives saerili ed, that
the I Miigiies' were ulili^ed to leave the country.
The I'ortrgucse were succeeded in the J.ipan trade
' i'lic islitnil I'lnpiro of .lapaii 'ii'i'iipii's 'iii iiisiihir ]ii)siliiMi "(f
I 'it' "li-it I'liiist of (\iiitiiii'iit:il Vsia, .-11111 iipp isitt^ t'l the Si'ii iit
i.ipiii. ami the (iiilf'uf t'ariary, ;ai«l t'liri'.i, tVirii wiiicli it in scjii-
i-iii-ittiy .MiiMli'liiiria, iiii'f is ruiisi'iniently tlie iiiimt ea-iti-rlv piirt
'I 'iir lieMiispliere ; till' sun rises iiviT Yi'iMn eiirht fuiiii's tiui'lier
tiiei civi'r l,oiiifiiii. fill- OMi|iiri' cnn;, rises live 1 n\'e a'lil twi.
HI iiti-i'il small i.slaiuls, witli iin n ■nias islets an I ili'|ii'iiili'iii'ii's ;
i .,-lii.liiii; (lie 1< le-i-liii ^'riii|,. iihl til,' Kurile .\n'liip,'liii;,i. ft
od'ii'fsl'r til.' 2 nil t.i till' .'iiltli .f.'irn'! if iionli lalilii.le, niul
iV.i II lliu fi:tni 1.1 111,. l.-,7iii .l.^r- ,|' eist l.iiisrilinle. Tn (lie
ii'i'iliitis li.mii.fi'il iiy ilie S.M .it' l^k'il-k, nn.l llh' l:iili'pi'iiil.'iil
piirtiiiii of llie i-l mil pi'iiiiisiilii .it' S:i,'li;ilii'n; t i the east hy ll.i'
ii'irlfi I'lU'ilii' O.'i' HI ; I.) till! S'liith liy the easii'ni Sea <,( ('iiiii:i;
iiiiil til till wi'sl 111 the S.'ii iif .1 ipi'i, which I'.iiii iiimieili's iiith
tli.' ■•—Ill hy till' Sti-.iiis .it' 1,1 1','f.iiise iii' Saii.'.ia iiiul iithers
'■ iiiiiiiiy lii'lwi'i'ii the viin.ius i<l mils, ()(' tli.'-i' isl.iii.l.;, S'ipuii is
Ji • 1.1
Iv
tu thruu Uiiiiilrel iiiili
sixl.'i'ii liiiii.lrc.l m h's ill U'li'.'tli, aiiil |r
by the Dutch, in whose favour at> exception wa.s miule
111! account of their lieiiig rrotestants.
The trade of the latter ]ieopli' was, at one (imp, of
eiiorm lUs value, hut has dwimlli'd down to its |ireseiit
eiinijiarativcly insi^iiilieint amount tlirongh their own
iiiismaiiag.'Mient ami iiidi.scretion. There was a jieriod
in the lii>tiiry of their comiiii'icial interiourse with the
dapamse, when thev drained the islaiiii of the ]ireeious
metals to an iiicredilile aiiuiuiit. This e.xcited the
iipprclieiisioiis of the (Jiiiirt much in tlie same wav iis
the excliaiigc of silver, and mitliinj; Imt silver, for
opium, lately liroiiglit matters to a crisis in China,
The value of the currency was cinistantly taiii|iereil with
in iill traiisactious lietweeii the l>uteh and Japanese ;
and to such an extent, writes Mr, InknH', '• that our
commerce w.is carried on hy the people groping in the
il.il-k, neither knowing the actual juice of jmrclia.se or
.sale. Since 17I0, ail irticles of trade not ilispo.seil of.it a
]iriifit of (i.'i jier cent remlered a loss." The same writer
Lells us that his eoiiiitrynieii have, over and ove! again,
declined toreeeite many v.iliialilc articles oteomiiu'ive
which were from time to time ti iidt'ied hy thclapanese,
T'lie condiut of the (^'(Unpany's ,M'r\ants at .l,i)iaii a|ipeiirs
to have lieen most ilijudiciinis. Instead of a dignified
lint linn resistance to all the ('iicroaehmeiits and insults
of the Japanese, they gave way in cxeiy inslanee : and
this li.i.se eomlnct on the ]iart of jiuropeaiis tended
inlinitely to increase the jiride and iirrogance ol an
already \ in, ignorant, ami exclnsivc peii|ile.
In Kiol, llageiiaar was sent hy the (Jov.'riio:
geiieriliif I'latavia to l'"oriiiiis,i ami Ja]i,in. 'I'lie hiitch.al
that lime had what they call a lodge- a large wooden
liuiMiiig — in the hay of Finimlo, as also a fiietory at
Kiirki. The intoleraiiee and jealou.sy of the Japanese
was manifest on tlii.-- as on all other occ,i.>.inns. 'I'hirtv-
seveii persons lost their lives at I'iraMilo, i.i aceiuint of
tluur heing either pliifesseil Christians or horn of
■(,'liristian parents. Some wire hung up hy the feet;
others wi'ie lielieaded. and ml to pieces; and, again,
iithei's were tied to stakes uml luiriit.
In lli.'i."), llageiiaar having visited Fit iiiido a second
time, disputes had arisen which necessitated a mission
to Yeddo. Aceiiidiiigly, a pulilic entry was made into
the capital, on which occasion the concoiir.se of ]ii'ii|ili.'
was so gr.'it, that they conlil scarcely move forward.
Ihit, as usual, af'er a mniitli had marly elapsed in
various pr icrastinated ceiiiiionii s and Degotiations, a
message was .sent, intimating (hat im oppnrtuiiitj had
yet occurred of laving their pelitiiui letine the einperor,
that it was not likely their iiiisincss could he ilmie for
soiiie time, and that the Juitcli liiissioii had hetter
•'•'(urn to wl.cnce it came.
Ilagenaav accordingly returned, hut some of the
iJiiteli merchiiiits rem.iiiieil liehiml. among whom was
I'Vaiis Ciroii. who left ns one of the earliest aicountsof
the capital of the coiintry, which he desnihes as heing
very l.irge. the pala r castle alone hiiiig tour or live
miles in eireiiml'erence, and tlie streets in extent are. lie
adds, very hroail, an<l siune are lioidired on hoth sides
hy sumptuous p.dices The gates ai'e fi.rlified on eai'h
side with iron haiids or gratinirs. and ovi reach grating
1 a larjie huildiii''. eaiiali
liri'iiiltli at ihll'iTi'iit piirta.
lip of
onlainini
ol
cessity, two or three liun.lred men
ji il
|i!! 'I
|:Ui| I
j ,t :
IS, I
iiriii
ITI
ALL RUUM> I'UL WOELL
•:M
iv!; ■ '-lis ¥C4r*^MNftr; : -^ :' '
■f\-;
T^?^.-:'/^
JAPANESE LADY.
It I.-., C.tr.Mi sMvs, till' iDti'iiiir |part nf t'lo oastle in ' literaturo. Tlio iini-tcr nf tlic tronps wliicli tlic kind's
aIju'Ii lie iiii| i-'i'i;il |i;il;iOP is sitUMird, c-iiii~i<i irii: i>t' Mianv Mini imMi'S iini^t luciiisli, iiiHiii tlio first siii'iiiiuiis ut' the
Lui.'c:i]iMrtliicii<>. Mil puiiiilril liyL.'r<JVi'>, will. h. nil liiiUi;li ('..int. :iiiiiiiiuti'il :it tli,-it time tn ."(JS.ll'iil jntiiiitrv iiinl
I'laiitril liV Ml't. ii|i|n',ir to 1pi' till' piMilii' linii 111 iiatiiii' L'li.llllil imn mIi'v. Must lit' till' iml. It's, iniw.-vi-r. j;iiiiiallv
'I'liTi' are liki'WiM' lisli|n>iiiU, liviilit^, nin'ii -iinis, krpt in artual s('r\ ire twiic as many triiii|is as tlu'v
raci' 1,'i-niiiiiis, riilrs, jianli'iis, ami a iiuiiilrrr <>( M-[paiat<' mv rii|iiiri'il tu t'liniisli at lln' tii~t Miiiiinuii^. 'Mie t.'in-
a[iartmt'iit.s t'nr tin' wniiii'ii. pri-ur al.-o I'litiTtaiiii'il. mit i>i ln.s |ii-iv,itr ]piiis(', lo.diiii
In tlio si'ciiinl ciiilii^iui' stami ti.o |iala('t's cif tin' tuut suliliirs ami I'li.niill Imisi-miii. viliu \\r iii j.'airisiiii
juiiiccs of the 111 1, ail I nt' tin' ]irim-i|ial iiiiiiistiTs. in tlic citii'S or t'ortri->.sis. or si tm' liim ms Imilv i;iiarils
Intlie tliii'il anil iiiili'i' i'niin>iii'i's aiv till' |ialaii'Sot' till' All tlie oa\,ilry wrar afiinair, liiit tin' ('nut .sulilirrs
kind's anil imlili'S ot' .lapaii, all L'ilt ami ncliiy ailoi'iii i|. only wi'ar a lirlimt. Soini' ot tin' limsfiiK'n ar,
W'ithont art' till' iIai'IHui^s ai.it liinisi'> of tlio iiil'i'iiiir tlt'.st lilii'il at that liiiu'as luiiij; ariiifil with iiistnls.
iiiililfs, more 1)1' Ifs^ >iiiii|iliiiiiis afi'iiriling to tlii'ir rank, sonn' with .short lami's, ami otiifrs with linw.s ano
Taken altoi^L'thi'r, tuis astiini>liinL;ly lai _a' jialai--i'a|i|ii'ars air. .vs ; II. liiiWL'\i'r, wfrt' ]iin\ iilnl vii'i si-imil ■
within anil without likf a ;,'olilili nioiintaiii ; for all i lu' int'aiitry wtTO aniicil with two sahns, ami, at-i.
the nohli's, finiii til' lii:.'lit'st to t. e lowest, .spare no in^ to tlio sizo ami .stri'ii;j;th of tlio nifii, with Ih'.-v. ;
ox]it'nso to ornaimnt tht'ir rosiilonci's. Iii,'liti'r tiri'luks Soun' t-arrioil hmj; pikis or i.ia!.
H' e ri'siilf tlio inarriiil wives ami ihililnn of tlie ;,'a!ii'ts, " w hiili are a sort of liayonel.' Hut this lia.s
liol)l.s, in oriler that, lieiin; always unil i' the eye ot ^iilevu'nni' ureat eliaiiL;es, tire-arms having lieen inoro
the ('oiirt, they may serve as lio«tai;es for tlieii' fiiit-Kty. giinrally iiiirnilneeil.
'I'his cxe liiiiily spaiious jialnct'. wliieli h ..o e.xtent Smh w.us tli" wr.ilth of .Ja|ian at this |ierioil,
1 ipial to a jHPpiiliins city, is tliiis at all times filleil with that the iiiconn- "f llio eliiei' ministers aiiioiintid to
;.'reat men, who ni\rr appear in pnlilie witlnint a f I "-■_', ntiil, tlmse of tlio inferior pLneimn to ~'l' l.dOlt,
iniiiiei'ons retinne of inferior iioliles, pages, hor>i~. iiiel ami tlio Nilaries of those who till the lowest fiitnaliniis
palankiiis. The slret'ts, however liroinl, are yet too may. at least, ho reikoiiiil at fioin .t'l>".-(10 ti>
narrow fir their |iiim|"iiis pioees-ioiis. .t'l'7,:)(lll. Hut, alilioiiL.'h l he iioliies also pM,M'.-seil very
(laioii. ilesiiihiiii,' atterw.inl.s the Jioinp ami inagnili- enormmis revenues, yit the expeiist-s whnh they am
eeiiee , the Imperial I'etiiine, ailils, '' llow umniii dliligeil to inelir sw.iHi.w all up. At Veihlo, espi • '.illy,
ilv la
liv thi
I'ver tlio nuinliei' lie ot the .snliliiis kept eveiytl
1111^ w.us Vl
TV tie
ear, ami lioii.sekoi inn;;, (
lis nionareJi, none are
fouml iimongst them Imt on tlio Japanese walo, was very I'.xpi
W
i"
chosen riieii, wi'U male, of a I'oiirageoiis ap|iearanee. eaii ho imagineil as contrihiitimg tu pleisur ai'. .0
•xper' in the u.so of urnis, ami omii not i;.'iiiir.ilil of, >ii|iport ot Ihaov was to ho nut with. The einur-
^r
1
TOILET Vl- A JAl'iVNESL. LADY.
I ' f.
1 I
IJ:
tiiiiimniits jjivrn by kings and nolilcs to t\\r c'm[)iT<ii-
were iit'toii niiiicms to tliciii.
Tlio woiiicii of Jiipiiii, iicconliiig to tlie Kami^ old
tnivcllcr. wen; rij^idly secluded, even more so tlimi
anioiig tlie Muli.ininindiiiis ; Imt tliey liiid iii:iny plea-
sures — giirdeiiH, fisli|ioMds, arliours, Niiniiiiei'dioiiHes,
lialf ashore and halt' over the water, and all sorts ot'
lamllpirds and waterfowl, niii-ieal insti'unii'Uts, and such
like. I'lays wen; re|iresen(ed, and feasts and l)ani(Mets
constant Iv oeeiir. Their di'ess wasof dilfei-ent coloured
silk ; each, aecording to the rank they hold, or the
post assij;ned them, wearini; an apiiointeil colour.
The revcniu's of the noKli's ari.se out; of the various
])roiluets which their territories afford. Soum! lands
j'ield corn; some, gold and .silver; others, copper, iron,
tin, or lead; others a,'ain, tinilior, hemp, cotton, itv
silk. The oniperor disposes of the fisheries, more
particularly of tlie whd' tisheries. onci' ii source of
largi' revenue, hut now almost in the hauils of Ameri-
cans and others. The Japanese are neither very
.superstitious, nor are they over -religious; they do not
pray eitlu'i' in the morning or the evening, and the
most religious .scarcely go to the jiagoda more than
(Mice a month At the same time the numher of
pagodas in Jaiiin is iiicredihly large. The |iriests
i-eside in tliem, from two to twenty in a community,
according to the siz<' of the huildiugs,
Till? ])ricsts naturally side with the nobles in keeping
the people and tlu' middle classes in iguor.ince and
slavery; the military ami the ])rii'sts are more or loss
despotic; anil in this system, all the evils of feudalism
lieingsu)ieradileil to a jiure and ii'respoiisible despotism,
are to be traced the long sivbHion of the nation.
Only let the merchants and the industriou.s classes oiico
feel their importance in the soci.il state, and such a
.seclusion would .soon become impossible.
All the neces-arics and hiNuries of lite are produced
in the einjiire. It yields gild, silver, copper, and lead
in uhundance, and fiimslies also cotton cloth, goat-
.skins, an annual ipiantity of one hundred thousand
pcculs of silk, .-ind between three and four hundred
thousand jieculs of silk cotton (the produce of the
/loiitliii.e pfiiUinilruiit), a great many deerskins, timber,
and all kinds of |a-ovisioMs in much grcatei- abundance
than is rei|uisit<? tor the sul)sistence of the inhabitants,
.laiiancse ware and Japan work has been celebrated
from a renu>te autiipiity. It is alluded to in the
'.\rabian Nights' Hutcrtainnients "
'I'he climate of Japan is said to be happy and health-
ful, but .subject to extremes of cold in winter and of
heat in summer ; this, however, must vary nuich in
diirereiit islands. It rains frcipieiitly, with much
thunder ami lightning, 'i'he sea, which encompasses
the islands, is very roU',di and stormy, which, with
many rocks, elilJ's, and shoids, above and under water,
makes its navigation very d.ingcrons. There arc also
two remarkable and dingerous whirlpools. Water-
spouts are also fri'ipu'iilly ob.served to rise in the
Ja|iauese seius. The natives fancy that they are ,i
kind of water-dragon. Kaithipiakes are .so couuuon
that the nativi's think no more of them than we do
of an ordinary storm. Yet, .sometimes, whole cities
are destroyed, and thousands of inhabitants buried
under the ruins. Such a die.idl'ul acciilent happened,
as Father Lewisde Kroes rel.ites (" |)e iJcbiis J.iponicis
collc^cto a Joh. il.ivo"), in the year l.^SO. Keuipfer
relates thai, in liO.t, livan cirtlnpiake, and tile that
foUowed thereon, utmost the whole city of Yeddo, and
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
179
the iinpeiial palace itself, were destroyed and laid in
ashes, and npw.irils of 200,000 inhabitants buried
under the ruins.'
There are burning mountains in several of the
islands, some of which seem to be of volcanic origin,
but other's to be chemical phenomena. (,'oal is al.so
.said to ab mad. In some pai'ts the native's use iiaptha
insteiil of oil. Amber is abundant, and the jicarl
fishery is prosecuted with success.
Amongst the chief trees ai'C the mnlbe. i'V, varnish-
tree, various laui'cls and bays, cani]ihor-lanrcl, the tea-
shrub, sansio (used instead of pepper or ginger), fig-
tree.s, chesnuts, walnut", oranges, lemons, grapes, Ac,
itc. The superiority of the .Ja|ian varnish is owing to
the virtues of the neiisi, or varnish-tree, described by
KoBUipfer in his " .\niieiiilates Exotica'"
Such is about the state of inliirnialion which we
|ios.se.sseil of this remarkable connliN, pie\ioiis to the
late expeditious of the .\nglo A mericans and of the
i'higlish, and the research s of the natui'alist Siebidd.
' Tlu' i>1iui(ls of ,l:i]i:iii arc L'ssciitiiiUy iiumntiiiiioiis laiil rockv,
liciiii; cliii'tly iif vnlranic eri^iii. N"i]i-|iipii is tnivcrhcd llirnn^li.iiit
its wliolc Icii^tli liy a cliaia of mouiitjiiiis, sinno of uliosc ]!t'ui,s arc
clail vvilli |ii'r|ictual snow. Tlio waters (low on tlic diic siile to tliu
Sim of .lap.in, oa tlii' otiicp to ii o I'acilic. Acconliiij; to tlic
tlapiacsc aan.ils, .Mninil Kasi or Kiis \ iiinii, tlic loHicst niounliiia of
all .bi)i;iii (;i7li;i iiic'tri's), rnsu out oi tliu eiirlli 'J:s'> \c: rs ii.e., ami
iincnonaoas (lcprrs<inii pivu rise, at lio uniia; time, lo llii'jrivat lake
Mit/.ea, or l)il» (lliwakc, in Siili'ilil's iiiiip). I'lisi was lor a long
tiiaona acti\i; volcano ; son a; of its ci iiptiiats liiive In en tri^'htlnl anil
«urc iiccoinpanit'il liy tliu must tcrrililu ilc\astatioii from Inva ami
cartlupiiilicv. It lias, liowcvir, lii'cn now ipiicsccnl lor up«iinls of
a ccaliiry. So late, Iiowcvi'r. iis tlic lillnl of Di'ccnilK'r, IHo 1, an
carlliipia ,« niMi-ly (lisir.iyi'il tlic jioil mikI town of .*<iino(hi, anil willi
tlu'iii the l{as>i;in fn^'.iLc IHhiki, w i/uli, liii\iiiL'" lici n linnU'il ovi-r
tlic I'.icilic ()cc:iii liy tin! Kiij;lisli lied, Imil liiwllv lakcn rcliific in
till' .liipiiicsi' wat.'rs. Tlie story is tolil ns follows in t'nmmodort'
I'l'ri y s " Voyii;.'e :"- "On tlic arrival of t'nminiiinlir Adams at
siinoili, 111,' I'oaiid n ]sri:it and sad clianirc in tlic iiliysiciil iispccts
ot till' pl.h'c. la tlic iiicrviil of Ins aliscnrc IVoni .lapjii (on tlie
2:ti'd of Dcccmlicr, 1N,'> 1) an i'Mrllii|niilic lanl lu-cnrriil, wliicli was
felt on llie whole i si of .l:ip:in, iioinj; soincinjnix to tlic ('Mpil:il,
Veil 111, eonipletelv ilestruviiii! tlie line city of ( ).sm a, on I lie snnlli-
east.Tii side of N'lp m, and leiivini,' almndant evidenees of its
riiiiioiis etV els at Siinoda. Kvery liouse and pnlilie liiiildinj; on
till' low- pronnils has tieeii destroyed; a few li tuples and private
edifices, tli.il sIihhI on elevated spots, were all tlait escaped; and
si.\ti'ea striii'l iin-s were all tli.it was lelt of what was once SiniiHla.
'I'he iahii'iiitains told Con'.i.aiider Adains, that llie di'slraetion
was not eatiM'd iiy the iiniiii-ili.ite airitation of the earth, lait liv
the sea wliieli it oeeas'oin d, and wliili ntriiarly followed the
shoi'iis. Aeeordinj^ to the statements of the .lapanese, the waters
ill the hay and near the shore were first oliser\id to he violenlK
a|,'itated; they soon l)i';.'aii rapiiily to retreat, hiiviiig the lioltoni
of I le harli'Mir, where iisiialiy tl i-re were nine fei-i of water, neailv
hare. The water then riisiii d in iipon theland, in a Wii\e livefatltonis
aliiive it* usual hei(;hl, and, overtlowiii); Ihetowii up to the tops' f
the lion es, swept evtrvt Ion-.; a\vay. 1 he Iri^jhteni'd iiihahitants
lied to tlie hills for safety: lull, hefore they eonld reach their
snnin .ts, they were orertaken liy the eliinliiii^ waters, and hun-
dred were drowned. 'I'he wiitia's ri'treated and returned in this
niiiiiiier live several times, tearing down everythiiiL', iiiid strewing
the aiijaeent shores with tlie w ri'ei\s, and ruins of houses prostrati d,
and vessels torn from their anehorai:e. The Itiissian I'rigat,-
linvi'i, hearing the Hag cf Adiiiir d I'oiitiatine, was lying in tliu
liarlioiir at the time. The i{ii>si:iii ollieers told Coinniamler
.■\daiiis, that, whin the waters retreated, tin; mnd I) iled up from
Ihehtlom ill a thiiii-aiid sjirnigs. When they came in, |l,in
lioile I lii.e a mael-troni, and sneli was their veloeily and force,
tli.it the t'rigate aetiially made forly-tlirei' eomplele revolutions in
the space of thirty miaiites. Tin ir anchor had been let go in
sixfithoms; wlu'ii the waters retreated, tiny eonld see it, and
had hill fair feet of water alnn.'side. Her rinlder, stern pari, and
a great jiart of lier keil were knuekiil oil' and lost, ami her
liiilloin niiieli iiijund. In the endeavunr to carry her aerogs the
hay for rep.iir, si.e s.iiik. 'I'lie .lapaneiie speedily set lo work to
ruhaiUl and rutit tliu tuwii, uliieli is now ngniii u tluiirisliiiig uno.
m
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
11
i
I'
m
■: '
Tlio ]ii'. >;■!■(>.« iiiadn hv tlio Ancjio-Aiiii'riciiiis, in
brnnkin;; dnwii tl,c cxclusivi^ liaii-it^rs of tlii.s rilil
country, is siittiriciitiy iilli'slcd liy llic tiu't tlitit they
liavt' iinliircil t liis scclMilt'il iiiilimi, wliicli iicitlicr tivi-
vcllfil nnr |iciiiiitti'il travel, to st'iid a iuis.siou to tliu
United Stiitfs
The AmeritMiis liave, indeed, i\ just ri;;lit to impel ii
stnlilK>rn nation to .•u't.-^ of eoniiiion liiiinanity. Japan
had not -only refusi'd to liolil eoiiiiiier<'ial iutereourse
with the rest nf the world — a very i|ii(stioiialile rii;ht
— hut sli(! went tun her ; and oceupyiiii;, iis she does,
an enormous extent of seaeoast, she not oidy refused
f" open her ports to foreii^n M'ssels in distress, hut
actually opeiu'il her lialteries (suih as they are) upon
them when they appi cIhmI within gun shot of her
shores, and when driven upon them hy stress of
weiither, she seized upon, imprisoned, exhiliited in
f,ij{es, and actually nninlered the crews of such ill-
fated vessels,
" This," argued the Americans, " has hoeii siihmitted
to too lonj; alniidy ; and the constant increase of our
whale licet, and the conseipient increase of disasters in
this harharous and inhospitahle region, have com-
pelled our goverinneut, unprompted except liy wise
t'nresi^ht, to insist upon a reform in the policy ami
licarinu' of the Japanese towards the rest of the worM.
The single fict. that at one time within the last yi'ar
there were ll'l American whalers lying in the harliour
of the Sandwich Islauils. Car away IVom their cruising
gioinids, liccause they could not enli'r any harhour lui
the co.ist of Japan for repairs, shows not (Uily the
extent of our counnerce in th.it region, hut the id aims
of lunnanity itsel! for ]irotection against the harhariaiis
who thus cut off, as it were, the commerce of tin;
Yellow Sea anil the Sea of O.diotsk." (The Sea of
Japan might have heen added.)
To carry out this notion, Couiniodore I'erry, of the
r.S. Navy, east ainh"r in tln^ JJay of Yedilo. thecom-
nierial capital of Japan, on the 8th of July, lS."),'i,
anil s|)eedily, on the L':?rd of An.'ust, to his gitat
surprise, found his jiarfy strengthened hy the appe.ir-
ance of a Itussiaii licet ;' the frigatt? I'nihui, ami the
sttMincv Vontiivk. the Ai(r(ii:i, i'^, and the corvette,
Ktiriiriiiii, 'I'l. heiiig sent up to Kamsi'hatka, to he
cdne ill reailincss. if rei|uircd, and a jiowcrfid sipiudron
having heen told oil' to ciuise in the I'aiitic.
(,'ominii.hu-o J'crry succ-eeded in carrying a treaty
liV which thri'e jiorts, Nagasaki, Hakodaki, ami Sinioda
were thrown open to trade, a: d every jxu't on the
J.ipanese coast w.is ippcm- 1 to vessel (in distress. The
results of this treaty, and a similar om; eti'eeted hy
Admir.il Stirling, on the pari of laiglaud, not lieiiig
entirely satisfactory, Lord Elgin proceeded from China
' '* Tlicre is no ]io\vcr in tiie otluT licniisplicre," suvm tlie iiiiT'
rat'>r ef t'tmiiui>ilnri- l*crr\'> vny:i::c. "to which tin? possession of
,laiKin, or the ('cinlncl (»t" its nllairs, is sn imiMU'tiint a.s it is to
Kussiii. She is on one siile of tin' ishmds (hv the .\inoor), tlic
l.'iiitcil Istati'S on ill!' oihcr. 'I'hi' I'aeilic Oi'i'Mii is <li'stiiie(l to he
tin' theatre of iinuiciise eonnnerei.il nniln-t.ikinirs. Itnssia is,
in a L'l'i'at ilcirree, s'mt onl fmin e.isy ace. ss ff> the .Atlantic liy
111 r liK'al )Hisiiiiin ; lial » ith sncli li ii-hoins as the I'acifie or .rapaii
'lo'ilil j:ive her, slic nii.hl hope to li, c"nu' tlie controllin;; niaii-
time iHiwiT of the woiiil.'* We are in jiosscssion nf verv recent
int'.'nnalion I'mni .lapan, leinlin;; to show that the .Japanese
^'ovcniiniiit (listinsi the jinrp.M's of lin-sia. The nioveineiits of
that nation on the Aieoor \{\\,r have liem vicHcil with nnicli
appn lieiision. 'J'lio .iMpanise, on the re|Kirt of a special a^'cnt
s. nt for the purpose, have resolveil to raise an elliiiciit army nnil
iipiip a n ivy ol vcssils on the Kuropeiin moilel, ami to open
Japan to the traile ot tlie worlil.
in 18"iS, and going right up to Ycddo itself, in a
manner at once original and \inex|iected, concluded a
treaty which granted all the Kuropeaii powers the
right of free trade, under very slight limitations, with
Japan. Ot what happened in his voyage, me' a hat
was seen in Japan, we intend to give a vivid • liiine,
ns likely to convey to our readers the Ije.st idea of
Ja]>an as it is.
ir.— r.AY AND HAltr.OUR OF NAGASAKI
"Hvitn a starho.ird, sir!" exclaimed the gallant
Slu'rard O.sliorn's I'alinurus. and as thespoUis of the
wheel Hew ronud, the shiptur led sharply into the line
channel of water, leading up to Nagi-aki. That city
tiieed us, says the ea|itain, spread round the hase of a
hill at the farther end of the harhonr, and having
immediately in lioiit of it a inde collection of hyhrid
ICuropean houses, with a llig slalf mi theai tilii ial island
of neeima, where the Japmcse had held the |)iilclilueli
voluntary pri.sonerseM'r since the expulsion of the I'ortu-
guese in llil.'t 'J'he poor iMitchmeii endured in.siilt.s,
restraints an 1 contumely, rather than forego certain ad-
vantages in carrying out Japanese cojijier and retailing
it to Kuropeans at an enoiuioiis | rotit. l,oi g sutleriiig
and enduring vendors of strong l)ntch i hi im. Zealand
Imtter and pleisjint sihn.ipps, relief came at last I 'J'he
Japanese Kmprior w.is asloiii-hid to find the 1 elligerent
powers of liiissia and lingland playing a gau I hide
and seek, in his uiaiiy fays and h.irliours. and wisely
eoiichided that the orthodox old I aily olMoscow, whose
dominions approaihed sii-pii iously close to Ja]ian,
might one day think it as ( 'hristi.mdike to roh a
Ihiddhis: as a .Muhamiiiadan niighliniir. He has very
wi.sely deparled from the ancient laws of his realm, and
has sought for aid and protection where, strangely
enougli. he can liiid them, in the fiieiidship of four or
live nations who cordially dislike and are jealous of
each other. A long ford of hlue water sti etches two
mites inland hetween sloping hill.s. which s]iiiiig from
the sea with a Imld, rocky eseari.nient. and tlnn roll
gently hack, rising to an :ilti;ude if a thousand feet or
so; and these are overlooked hy still inoie lofty giants —
every nioiintain-side covered with all that can gladden
a landscape, and down exerv ravine Liladsome streams
rushing on to the sea. ileie a village, tin re a rpiaint
li.irk auchored in a sandy cove ; now an otlicial ahode,
with .1 sipiare cut teiraceand upiight fence, so properly
still-starched and ipncr, you felt sure you had only to
knock, and that oiii' of the rarn.icles of society would
appear; then, resting in the midsi of green trees and
llowery gardens, were the prettiest i-halits seen out of
Switxerland: children, with no clothes at all, rolling on
the griuss, or tnmhliiii; ill and ent of the water, whilst
their respeetid parents, with hut few h.iliiliments to
incommode them, gravely moved their fans, or sat
gazing upon the new Iv arrived vessel.s. ( di ! it was a
goodly sight ; hut thiv weie all in the i id to he
pleased: and had the sky heiii less clear, the air less
hracing and the cliinale as had as that of China, they
Would assuredly still have adm red it.
In former days, w ch.ain of guard 1 mats used toexteiid
across the gale of this Japaiie.-e paradise. One of our
men-of-war, (luring the hiissian war, nearly ]iaildleil
over them; and we too. it had heen dctennined, were
not to he stopped hv them. Thi' Japanese officers of
the present day are fiir wiser in their generation than
tho.se will), when the frigate of Sir Israel I'ellew forced
II nj^i I
wwm
i !
M
m^^im^mmm
TTT"
'■ (
i' I
h i :'
If • ■■■ V
•;> ;,v„
ii: I
i
(1
.?¥ l:'/
%r. ■
:.' *--
■^ 'S.
^.'' s^
c^^
•■/'
ifl
: 'i.
CHINA. COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
181
licr WHY' into tlif hnrlinnr during tlip Kiiiuli w;ir, ilis
uiiiliiiwi'lh il tliiMiiM'lvi'.H iMtlirr til in sMr\ Im- i In' ilis'_'iMri'.
'I'll")' t'lillllil .'ill I lie liii.its ri'liinvnl .'lll'l llliuli' t:l>l III liV
till? sliiiro. Oni' iillii'i'i', iMiiic iinxiniis tliiiii till' i'r>l in
do Ills iluiy, or, Asi:ili(3-liki', di'siniiis ol' iisi'iTtiiiniiii; to
wliiit li'n!{llis III' nii^lit ^11, .stiiod ii|i in liis limit ii.t wi'
ninii? iilii'i'Mst lit' liiiii iind mildly ^'I'Ntii'idiiti'd willi Ids
tiiM (till! I'Vi'histiiiL^ I'lidili'iii lit' iillirii ill .Jii|iiin) t'lr
tlii'iii to jjri liiii;k iiy.iiii ! 'I'lii'V would t'liiti nut liiivi'
si'i'ii it. lint of I'liiii'si' till' iiMii'ioiis .si^ii;i|iiiiiii im
nirdiiitrly ii'|iurli'd tliiit lliiii' \v:is a .Iii|iuiii'.si' ntliii'i'
wavin;;. A s|iy lil.iss was lii'iiin;lit Nli'adily to liiaf on
liiiii ; till' wi'i'lrli w.i.s aliiiiit lil'i V y.'ii'ils nil'; tin- artinn
iiftlii' fill lii'r.inii' at oiii'i' |i's>i vi ■li'iit, thru iri'i'^iilai,
.'is if (111! wavrr of till' fill was in a di'rlini', tlii'ii ii
s|iasiiioilii' ji'i-k : till! ;^lass was ki'|it sti'addy on tlii'
wi'i'trli (wi' frai'i'd li'st llii' .Vniliassadiii' sll'iilld m'i! liiiii
and tlirii ri'V lialt 1) — -thi'l'i' was a |iailsi', annllirr
llntti'i' — liiiri'ali! Ili'|iiit iijiliis fin, and I'l'tli'id iiiidir
Ills awiiini;, liiatin. Hi' liad only tn |ii'i'f<ii'iii liiil
kari or ilisi'iiilinwi'lini'iit, and tliry niiitlit |iini |,
1,'iviMj,' till! iilliriuiis si;;naliii.in nrdi'i-s ii'it to iiiakr nun
Miisiral rrjiorts of I'xi'iy .(a)iani'si.' wlio i'Iiom' tu fm
liinisi'lf !
;\.s till,' .silvor dawn sprnids ovrr thi' 1 iml and wator,
ill it iovi'ly mount I in, Kiisi yania, tlic typi' of tln' In 'an-
il fill to tlu! wliiilr .1 i|iaiii'si' nation, is >i'i'n sli'|i]iiii;,'
liki,' (I coy niaidi'ii fro n lirr vi'il and lirr mlii's nf i-lmiil
to ifane iijion all tlii! lnvi'liin'ss s|iri'ad at lii'r fci'l. TIh!
si'i'iii- lasts lint a fi'W niinnli's. — wiiiild it cmild lia\i'
Iri'ii fur cvi'r ; Imt tin? ludd sun li'a|is u|iiin lln' cri'sts
■ if till' I'asti'i'n hills, and Kiisi yania ri'tiii'i MnshiiiL,'
fl'iiii his tii'ivi' iii^y.i' 'I'lii: li.iy and lirarh .irr i|iiii'kly
.ilivi.' with moviiii,' lii'iiii;^, hnndfi'ds of fishing' Im.its
skim the water. |ii'(>ssin^' in with the last, of tin' iiii;lit
liri'i'zi' to .si'iMiru an rarlv niarkrl. 'I'hr nninlicr of
full i,'rown iiit'ii ill I'a'li h lat alli'sts the redniidani'V nf
till' |Mi|mlaticiii. Simit ailili'tie fell.iw.s tlu-y are,
s ii'poth-skinne'l. lirmiZ' en cnin'd. aiel heardless ; lint
their larjie nniselesanddi'e|i elie>tsiiite .t the |ii'rfeetinii
"I their /'A'/.ff'/"'' 'I'liey hmk at the KiiLdish withuiit
le.ir or distriisi, and .is they lieml mi their oars shont
.lilt sniiie joke or salnl.'ition. The moriiin;^ hreeze is
I'old and ilanip, the snii has not ilis|ii'lli'd tlii! low thin
mist erei'iiint; aloiij^ the surfaee of the liiy I'l'oiu the
linvlands to the north, and they are weiiiiii;; lilne
I'lolliin^f with eomfnrt, yet all the lioatiiien .'ire naked,
uitlithe exeeptioii of a small lilne waist elotli, and
aiintlier strip of materi.il lied ti;,dit oxer their Ijose !
Why do the .liip.'iiiese. iisks ( 'aptaiii Slierard Oslioiii,
tie lip their noses ( We h.ive ntten asked, for one
e.iniiot lint l)i'lii'\(! that there is simoff lod reason wliv
I naked man shoiil'l Milnntarily lush up his nose. Can
.1 .)a|ianesi.' nose lie a fractions feature ( oris it that
noses ri'i|iiii'e t'l lie m n h taken eare ot" in Japan ' or
may it not lie that there is siiiiie seeurity in this pie-
'iiltlon against iiilialiiij,' malaria f We le.ive the
■ |ueslion to he deeided liy fiiliire visitors, and i niilent
ourselves with the entry in our journal : I «•//», — In
^'eddo, it is the eiistoin atloat to tie np the i;om'. and
wear Imt few g.irmeiits. They haviiii; lireakfastej,
|iroei,'('ili'd to the landiiig-plaee. It is low water. —
shoals of lioats and j^reat nninliers of men are at work
111 the shallow.s. .Many are ladiiiL; their iinals with
I'oikle-sliell.s, serapeil np from the l.ind, to Imrn into
exei'Uent lime; nthers are dredi.dni,' for shellfish.
Some are liauliii'; the seine. Here their olisijrvations
are intornipted hy a spy-lioat pnlliny alongside, and
the odleer i Ily rivpiestlni,'. liy sicrns. n seal in our
lioat. They are frank with him, and reromnieiiil him
to gii to the . I le smiles, sliovis nil' and make.- a
Hole of the lirief interi'liani,'!' of eivilily. Parties ol
I'l'^pcetilile eitizelis, oily sleek men, of a well to do
appraraliee, are I'liiliarki'd for ii day's jileaslire on the
«alei' ; their ehildreii are wiih thein, and every nreliin
has a (ishim; Ii iMrlioiHij They thoiighf of J\1r.
liiijjirs— /'///)!•/, ',v Mr. Iiii^'_'^. lit liaiiisgiite. hi
another lioat, a lady is se.it ed "itli Ihi' eliildreii ; her
die^s hetokeiis that she is nf liltir oiili'r, her family
ale laiiyhing and fryiiii,' In enok al a iir.izii r whiili
stands in the eeiitl'e of the hoat, W Idle she sits iiliiilt, ill
I he most matronly iiianner, iind points out In mie ot
lll'l' daii'.ditei's what she deems most worlhy of liotiee in
the I'ainlish, their Imat, and Imat's erew The yniing
l.'I'ly, they Were glad to nliserve, willinllt heilig lllilady
like, showed none nf that sllspieiolls fear of the gelills
iii.in so general in the e.MessiM'ly modest Kiist, and
wliiill lii'lnkelied I'M'li II liettel' slate nf sneiiil i'i\ ill
s:ition than they had I n led lo e.xpei i l.y what tlii'N
wiiiiessi'd at N'aeas.iki ; mi they let the lioal drift |o
enjoy all this. and. as a naliiral eonMipieiiee, drift on
shore elnsi' In ihe town. The poliie or s|iy liniit iliiine-
diately works ii>elf iiiln a fi\ei', and I he nlliier is most
anxiniis they slmuld know ulieie the deep water
leading to their hmding ]ii.iee emilil lie fnniiil. To add
to ihi. fun. all the little Imys and girls nf the adjnining
hoil.ses till' It aiid enliie seaiiiperilig ilnwn. The
poliic ollieer is ill an awful slate ; he urges llnni lunk.
wa\es his fin, expnstnlales with llieiii ; l.iil it is all
eipially useless, So Iniii; as niii lioat remains nil llie
sand, so long does yniing .lapaii 11 main stai iiig into her
Tl I'owil did not, as an I'aiglish nmli nf Imys wnidd
have ilniie. pelt and elialf the ollieer. and they tliiTefnie
had reason to pr.ii.se their eivilily .\t'iir a while,
they lioat the lioat and |irnei'eil. The eiitnniees In
sevi'ial eaiials are passi'd. — they mim'. at high tide. In
tiii'ilit.ite the I'niiilniinie.'ilion liet wi en leiiiote parts it
till' I'iiy and ih.' sea. Now they ai'r linihiug l>ul liugi'
severs.
'I'lie laiiiling plaee reai'lied. they S"e tin- nllieer who
isihaiged with ilirir eoiivoy to I he emliassy ; he looks
like a inaii who has miieli respoiisiliility. and gives a
great nuiiil er of orders of liiirgi"-. so thai they may
land with faiiliiy. 'I he horses arc wninlerliilly gnl up
erealnies ; there is sninelliini,' tiuly iiiediieval in their
trappings. Iiarriug the straw-shoes wrajiped iniind the
linnfs, wliieli sp.iiled the pneny of their stei lis ; other-
wise ihe heal stalls, hits, saddle elollis. niaililigales,
I'l'iippers. and siiriiips might lia\e lieeii Used hy the
l)isinlieriied Knight in the tilt-yard of Froiil-ile-IIiiiifs
eastle. l'"or the horses, they eaniiol say as iiiurh ; lull
they ai'e good-ti'inpered, steady little steeds. And .so —
to horse ! The street leading troiii the landing plaee is
as wiile as Itegeiit street, and liiniinates alioiil tliree-
(|iiai'ti'rs of a niile otf, al thr iiilr.iiiee ot a liaiid.sniiie
leiup'e, \vl ' green teiraees, dot lid with .-eals and ennl
.ileoM's. lo.ik most I'efreshing. 'J'liey tnrn, however
alii'uptlv up a street parallel to the water. It is
lil'oa'l and eleiiii ; nil either hand ale eolililiuous row ^
of shops, and at slinrt iiilerxals of llii'ie liuinli'ed yards
a Wooden li.irrier runs athwart the stnil. appareiilly
lolistriiete I for purpoM's of pnliie. Simps nf a trade
.seem to run Ingi'th. r ; here we have e.ilaliles in any
quantity, then li.i-.ket and w ieker- work nf all Japan,
now, ('.irtlieiiware. -then, ironware. Ami tiieii. '.vliat
a crowd ! They h.ive oii!y run together as they Jiass,
31 i
t
V
! t
il.'l:
II
h
iRa
ALL ROUND THK WORLD.
Vt'l Vein liiinlit Wiilk oil tliiil Ik ml^.. 'I'lirv ll.-rcl tci !
think tijr Cliiiii'si' slowi'il cImmIv 'ii tlicir linii^is, Ijiit
tlll'HI' illll IIII'M' IIHSliri'lllv lil'llt lliciii ill lllilt, Mini, Ullilt
JM fill' lirltcr, tllc'\ (III it with rlciilililn^-, wliiih the
fol'IIIlT ('l>l't<lillly ilii lint. K\ I'I'N lioily lonks Wl'll
Hii.<lii'i|, riiiili'iili'il, ami iiniiv ; ymi (In imt meet ii
Miii){l(' eriisd sullen Iddk. ill the diMirwiiys dt' the
lidiiHeM WdiiKMi iiIkiiiikI. 'I'liev liiive xiii eiled, (!oil
t'(ir;;ivt' them ! in miikini; tin iiim'Im's ii.s u;;ly ii.s hIii :
vet tliev have ydnd eyes. ;,'lds>y liiiir, ami a Mieriy hmk. '
tlenerdllM cfeiillltes ; we lilni lliey are uidstlv manied
Wdineii, wild have Micliliced llieir teetii and eyeliidWs
to insure liieir |ii>(ir husliaiids aL,'aiiisl the paii^s nt'
Ji.'aldiijiy. '{'lie Wdinen have e\ idciilly aluiinlaMl iilierly
here, and it is strange linw indelicate the mass dl'
|ied|ik' are. 'I'he |idlice nlliirr is ludkin^; dut must
keenly t'di' any |iictures that mii;lit he ex|i.ise(l in tlie
sli(i|is dU'riisive to their \isil(ir'.s sense df |irdiirii'ty, and
they (lisa|i|ieir like niaiiic at his a|i|irdaeli ; still he sees
iidt ail, and they are startled Ky liijures ami liiddels dt'
llie vilest (leseri|iliiiii, s\\ iiiLTinj; iilinut nniidliced
aiiidiiust men. Wdinen, and children, who seemed iin
cdiiseidus dt', or iiidiU'erent td, the shameless exliihitidii.
They (111 lint see ii liei,'<iar, and the street is admi-
lalily clean. Sniiie res|iectalily dressed Ihiddhist |iriesls
.'ii'e ehintiiiju' a hymn, in imt unmu.sical eadenee, at tlu>
eld.'-.ed dd(ir iit' a hdllse, — they still Cdntinue t(i dii so
until the heart of tlie iir(i]irietiir is snltened, <ir his
patience ttniic, then tlie (hmr will npeii, and lie will tee
them civilly. 'I'lieir cdiiductnr miw turns sliarp dnwii
a street, at the end nt' w hicli is a sturdy Imikiiii; i;alc ;
lliey are at the portal of i he cnclcisiire within which the
Mritisli Kmlias.sy dwells. It dpciis, .iml. as tliev prdcecd,
a urandpr ssidH is .ipprdachini,' llieiii Irnni thctciiiple
at the end nt' the Idad, and tlKylind his K.\cellciiiy
and suite are just starting; I'nr tlnii lirst visit td the
I'rince, wild is said tn direct the l'drcii,'n atliiirs nt'
.lap.in. Jli.s Inrdship haviiii; liinuuht with him a veiy
i.'dr!,'i (lus chair, w hii h lliusc Ic.iriicd in t 'liincsc eli(piclte
had do'lared to he nt' the pinper (lllllellsinns and i nlnlir
Inr a st.itesuian nt' his rank, was aide tn i;ii aiid\isit
I he I'rinee in comparative cnmt'nrt ; liiit all tlie rest df
the party, naval and dipldiiialic, were packed in siicill
w icker-wnrk palan(|iiiiis used in the cnuiilry. 'I'n pcnjile
acciistniiied tn sit on their li.ims, instead nt chairs,
tiavelliiii; in sticli Cdnveyam cs iiiii,dit he siuiple eiidUjjh ;
hut with dur hiu honed. Kiji jdinted cdiintrynien. ddiie
lip ill cdckcil hats, i.'ilded Cdats, and huij; swdrds, the
teat was a wniidcrl'ul nne, and a siylit M't easily tn ho
I'dl^'nttcn,
Mr. t>'ipliaiit thus depicts his iinpressidiis nii first
\ isitini; the .lapaiiese tdun nf Nai;a.-aki or Nanga.saki ;
A tlij;lit nt steps a.sceiids the ciii''>ankiiient, at the top
ot' which is in tact .-i sort of raised parterre, is of
coiisideralile width, and ;i Ino.id street runs alotiL' its
,v hole len^^th. t.,'rd.ssini; tin-, is reached the head of
the fliijht (if steji.s that (Icscend intn the tnwti. 'I'he
\iewis peculiai'lv strikiiiL,'. especially tn the straiii;er
who has just air'ved t'rnni China Instead nfaii iiidc
liiiite (diiircrics (if hnuses hiiilt apjiareiitly nn no
sctlhd plan. ,ind .sd chise tdi.'etlier that the streets
which divide tlie.M are cninpletcly cniicealcd, they saw
hefnre them a wide sjiacinus street, aliout t\ mile ill ;
Iriiiitli, llaiiked hy licit hoii.ses. jiciierally of twii stories,
with tiled or wi.ndcn roofs, and hroad eaves projecting
(■■.er the lower stmy. A jmre ran down the centre of j
the street, oil each side of which it was carefully ,
irravoUed to ihe v'utters. No wheeled vehicle or heast '
of liurdcii wiiH, however, viMJlile ; hut in ilelii
plcntitul Nprinkliiig ( if font pas.sen^'ers gaxc it an air ot
lit'( and aniinalinii. It tei niinateil in the distance in ii
lli;{lit nt steps, which sonli (lisappcai((l iiMlid the lolill){U
(it the lull side, crowned with a temple or tea house, or
Kleaniiiii.' with the v\liit,i washed walls ol some lire-
proof store house.
As they traversed its entire length, no fniil odours
assailed their nostrils, ,ir hideous eiiliii us olijects
otleiided t heir i yesiglil, asat 'I'ien (sin ; nor did incon-
venient walls or eiivKMis shiittci's dehar them from
ilispeetiiif.', as they |'iissed iiloiig, the Intel mil eeoliomy
of the shops and dwilliiipi on each side. I.ieht
wdoden sen ens. neallv papi red, and riiniiing on slides,
Were, tor tlie most |iai I, pusla d haik in the daytime,
iml the passer looks through the house to where the
Win iiig .slirnlisdf a cool lookinj; hack jjardeii invite him
tn 1 Nteiid his invest ij;al ions. |iitwe(n the ohserver
and this retreat there are jiroliahly one or twd rooms,
rais((l aliniit twn fet t Irniii the ^muiid, ami upon the
scrupulously clean and well wadihd matting, which is
stretched tipon the Wdodeii Moor, .semi nude men and
wdineii roil and lounge, and their allogelli(r nude
pldgeiiy crawl and fca.'t theiii.selvcs Inxniiously at
evir present fountains The WoliU'li selihuii wear any-
thing almve their waists, tli)< men only a i-icanty loin-
cloth. In the midday, during the summer, u general
air of languor ]ierva(les tlie e<inimunity ; iihout miiiscI,
the wi rhl hegins to wash, and the ilalalie.se youth, like
eojiper ( nloiin (I Cupids, riot siniiiltam oiisly.
Th( sho]is do not gcuendly contain tin se articles in
lacker and china ware for whiih .lii]iaii is so justly
celehrated. To ohtaiu th( ni a visit must he made to
the I'litch or liussiaii lia/aais; hut interest is kept
alive hy the Miried ] mdiutiniis of native iiianufacturc
cNliihited in the simps, which aic as op( n to the street
as stalls at a taiicy lair, and w' contain all those
iii'ticlcs which are in coiiin on I ani(>ng the jk opie.
Vmhiclla. tall, and shoe shop led; Im/aars for
toys and glasis (UiiaiiK lits aricsim ilieiii for a liiomeiit ;
liiit time was precious, and lliey could not do more
than glance enrsorily at tiie novelties displayed, and
vainly endeavour to eoiiipn lieiid the oliject of various
]irncesses and liianuliictiircs ■which were heiiig indus-
triously carried on, luit the result of which, in default
of an iiiterpieter, niiiaim (i a mystery. Iiah i d, txcejit
tidiii the |int(h geiith men at I '(liiiia. they found it
dillicult. during their short stay at Naga.-aki. to ohtaiu
any iiilia'iiiation, as ( nly one .lapaiuM' had jiiikdl ii|i a
very fi w Wdids ot luigllsli. All the iiitei jreters sjoke
hutch. — a language of wliicli their knowledge was
extremely limited, nor was it s| okeii hy any of their
jiarty. 'I'heir ranilias tliKUgh Naga^aki, therefore,
though ill the highest deun c amusiiij, and attractive.
]io.ssessed the onedrawhaik of le;.'\ iiig the curiosity and
interist they had cxcitid at every turn unsatisliid.
Nor could they gratily tin iiiselves li\ miking |iurchases
ot curiosities As yet they had not heeii iiitrmlnced
to the government imuuy chaiigers, who sat in .solemn
cniiclii\e at the Itiissiaii liazaar. and no consideration
cniild induce the slinpkeejicr tn a((('pt the smallest or
even the largest Inreigii coin. Well did he know that
the eye of his iieighliour was upon him. and that an
otlicial visit the next morning Would remind him of his
olilivinii of that gnat national institution of univeiviil
espionage, which would with us he considered an iiitole-
rahle t\ raiiiiy, hut w hich the .lapaiiese iciiard as a iieccs-
.sary ingredient to the wclfaie and protection of society.
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAl'AN, 18S
'I'lirv |iiii.siii'l tlicir |iiii'L.'i iniliiiiiM t.liri>iii.'li llic .uiiiimtc mikI iuiiiiiiiiiiti', tlmt wi'iit in or out of llmt
hIii'cIm (it' N.il;.i> iki imiiioliv^ic'l iiinl iiliiioNt minniici'd solitiiry oiitlit in .I,i|,,iii ' Kvc-i'v m Isc nn't ii- uilh
livtiii' |ii'i>|ili', \N Imi iljil lint rrotvii tliii tlioriiiiijIil'.ii'i'M II tVii'inllr !<iiiili', or a ;;iMiil iiiIiu'imI link ot'iiiiiii/i'iiiiiit,
u illi liiMV, iiiiiv iii^ cLiiiiiiiir, MS in < 'liiii:i, Imt Mtiolli'ij at I'itlii'r oiii' liiiliiiiit liiiitiiis. nur siiiuini; ImhiIm, or
I'Mri'li'Msly lllon^'. ;i|i|i;U'i'iitly iilllo (rmilili'l willloriMI- siiirii' otiirr |il|rniinii'liiiii cxlilliilcil in till' ^oi^i'oiiM
|ialion, witli an air ol aniialili' I'lmirnl iiiiiit on tlicir attire ot' a llrllisli ii.iv.ii olliiir, 'I'lir iaiioiirini; por-
tratiiri'M, anil an cxiiri'ssinn of kimllv ijnoil litlurr i tion of tlir ni.ili' |iii|inlat|iiu ilcriilnlly took little
tiiwarils the rnrioiis wonilerini; slran;;ers. Altlmn^li i anximi-i eare of tlieir ralnii'Ml — a piece of eutton elolli,
Kieniiifer speaks of unineroMs liei{.;ars, Mr. ( )lipliaijt ja yard |nn<{ ami six inelies wide nstiinted tlieir
says lie did lint oliseive any, with tile exee|it inn of one ifenerai attire ; and nriiiy of the eliildieii miyhthave
or two leJiijinnH nieiiilicaiits. A stream almiit tlie size just eHci.'iud finiii Kleii. so iniinietit were liiey ol aiiv
nf an orilinary eiiiial inleiseels the towi> in a lateral elni|iin<{. I.aii;{liln.; a:id i'oa\in<;, they eaiiie nnliesi-
'ireeiinii, and is spiinned liy thirty or forty liriil^;es, of i laliniily np In us, lieiinin;;, in their naliiialiy jiretiv
liieli alioiil (ifleeii are solidly eniisl rileleil of stone, way, for liiittHis, " t 'assi liiillon /'' " I '.issl Inilton f"
with haiidsiinie haliHtrades. ISaleoines, tilled witlij it wan irresisl ilile, and we jf.ne all we eniild spare;
wniiieii eimaned in ilniiieslie a\ oeal ions, ovi rhaiii; the, Imt what tlinse litlle nteliins were ;,'nini; to iln with
waler ; small Imats |ily npnn its siirfaee, and here and I laitlniis, seeini; they had neither ra;; nor oiiiament
I here the ijiiaiiit old lint tresses nf the liridf^eM are partly npnn liiem, was a jiii/v.ie In ns. '{'lie yi'nw n up women
eniiei'aled with ereepin;,' plants, ami aernss them iiiiine were mndeslly attind in dark enlnnred earnieiil-.. their
inns passi.'ni;ers pii'-s and repass. It is iiiterestini{ In lieaiilifiil liair neatly dressed, mid, liiil that then nails
stand on one of these and watch the Inimoiirs of the I were dyed, ihere was a ;,'ciicr,d ii|i|icar.iiici' of l.ciinly
'ilaee, while wo onjoy the ]iietui'esipie view which it .iliniit them, coniliincil with nimli ;,'racc in the lijjnrcs
'"'••••■'" of the youni.'cr oiie.s.
The .Japanese oHicials and ;;cntry arc \eiy «cll
ilresM'd, and in their atlire di-.|il.iMil cniisidi i,il,|i;
liandyisin, a irdiiii; to their own la-lii.ih, j'.ul in
their dress, as Well as in their hoii.ses. in .Japan, we
affords.
Xaj,'asaki contain.s upwards of eiLfhty streets crossing
eiuli other at rii^ht aiifjlcs, iind fiom threivipiarters of
u mile to a mile in leiieth. Its population is estimated
at alinUt (111,01111 ; hut i> presents a liir more imposing; luin mess, as »cii as m men noiisis. IN .lajiaii. wi
appe.iraiiee, and covers a much j;realer area of i,'rnuiid j liol iced the pri'V.ileiice of snmlire colniirs. and the
than a ( 'liinese city ol the same dimcnsiniis. Its niil- I alisein c of that vul;,'.ir colniirin'; and liiiMlwork so
skirts run np into the secluded \ alleys fnrmed hy I lie cniiiinnii in China. Here the oiii donr dn ss of ihe
surrouiidiiii^ hills, the spin's of which descend into ilie , ladies, and that of the |ioiir ;;irls ai the lea ;,'aiiiehs,
tow n, .so that almost every street terminates in ii lli^jlit , and the wives of I he l iadc>|icn|i|c. aie !)nic I in co!niir,
of sloue .-leiis, anil, indeed, some of tliciu which llicy Imwevcr lino the texture iiiiL,'ht he; and aiuniii,'.^! the
visited aflciwards, cliniii llic hill sides, the liniises liciiij; niljcjal dresses of the olliceis, Mick, dark Idue, ;<iid
linilt one aliove ll ther, ;is at .Malta. i Mack and while patterns, were nrnvt jrineral. 'I'Ik ir
A .Fapanesi^ house consists of a i^rolllld-lloor and tn|i hmiM'S and tcm|iles are like\\i.--e jmiiilcd less eaiiililv
story. The I'mnt and Irak of the hasement can he lli iii elscu lere in the Kasi, ami tlicie is far less ^jildini;
removed at pleasure, lea\ iiiLT it (piite open. tliroiii,di the almiit them. This |icciiliai ily in .l.i|i:incse taste was
premi.ses, for air and liuhl, except wIu'I-c^ the posts [ oini of the lirsl im|irc.-.siniis rccurd nu nur visit ini;
support inj^ the lirsl llnnr iiilcrvcm^ Usually the frnnt j .lapan, and, like many first iiiipii's-iniis, junMil In l,e
p.inels only ari' reuioMMl during the daylinie, and the ' correct.
hack panels, t'nnui'd of ii li;;lil, i,'racelul. wnml frame- W'nni.iii Imlds in .Japan a liii^li sncial posilinu She
woik, eovereil with Iraiisliiceiit paper, are left to screen is not cnn|icil np in |icslifci'ous aparliueiils to delijjhi
I he eonkinjf deparlnicnts and hack premises. The snme fatlened up ( 'hine.si' mandarin, or f;rea>v llrah
Moor of the liasemcnt is raised almiit three 'eet, almve niiii, hut enni nliules not a lillle to the charms ot
the level of the ground, and is ne.itly Imardcd, and man's life ; she has .succeeded in as.-ciiiin; her rii.'lit to
then laid over with ii series of slnlfed urass mats, on he trealed like a ralmiial licim,', (jiiile as \scll :,lih' tn
uliicli the inmates walk, sit, feed, ami sleep. If it is lake care of herself as the sterner sex. Their fncilnm
a shoj). Ihe arranj,'eiiients are still the same, except i,'iaiilcd, it is true, tins fiir ilamscis — nav, and t\m
that the lin.xes or drawers containing; the i^oods arc malrnns — have in some re>pects " jiiinp' il o\cf the
arranged on shelves on cither sides, ami the nicrchaiit ; traces." Then, with a liiiilily commcmlahlc likiiii; to
and purclia.sers ill their .<()c/n — fnr all -hoes and hoots i sci-ii, ulniis elcaiilin 'Ss, thi'y somewhat depart trniii
are earofully put oil' on these mats - sit on the llnor to W'eslei n not inns of prn|iiicty ;is to the time and place
discuss jirices and (pialities. The fctniy overhead serves for their aliluliniis. Net, after all. tlint is a men!
.•IS a ])lace of alio'le for tlitar wives und families, ami m.itlerof tastt^. A tuU of water in the open air, in a
llioso wo visited ar,' in lieifjht, and ventilation, .'ind h.iliuy climate, is, all vill all.iw, very ihlicions, and
cleanliness, vastly snporior to tliu majority of upstairs the ladies of Na'.;aNMki s iw no e I rc.isnii tn fnrcj,'o
rooms in the Kast. their pleasniahle hitli hecansc! there lia|i|iined to he
J'hei-o was hardly a linnse in Naga.saki that li.el an iiiisi liciled intlux of h.iiryf iced straiii,'ers, at a
not .somo sort of i,':irden attached to it, and all were scasnii of the year when liaihiin; was more th.-in ever
well and t.aslefiilly kept ; hut the most .slrikiiii.' ihiin; ncce.s.sary. Their own couiiliyiii"n did not slop iiinl
in this city (and it was jicncrally oli.scrved liy all of ns stare, hut went and did like« i~e. I,el fnliire Kiiropeaii
in Japan) was that every man, woman, and child residents resist t!ie temptatinn to adopt thi! nl j'nsro
looked happy and coiileiitcd ! There was an exceplion j liahits of the! people; mcantinie li't us hear in mind
to the rule — a nnnihcr of uiiloflunate snlcmnilies who our [iinA old ninlto, " llniii .suit ipii mal y pi'ii^c."
were in iliais;o of the j;.itcway h'adiiii; froiu J>ciima The arianixcniciit and width of its strcelM is f:imilar
to Xaga.saki ; and they were evidently hored to dcit h. j to those of Simnd.i and llakod.idi. the arcliitectnro
I'oor surihes ! they had to keep notes of everything, | on the whole superior : verandahs invariaUly sheltered
I
■;r 5
\l ■
'''■ i
f i
It'
i;
II
11:
tf 'f *
M.
In, >
J"
m
U4
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
till' liiiii^r^. mill riiili -.tiioil ill Its own i;aiilili, \vl\i<>li I ofs-riiis; tlic l>iiti'li li:i^iiMr. Prossirii; tl.c iiii,:i( >.iiiifi
was, williout CM'cpliiHi. lai.l (■111 willi tirli>l h- jiulijiiii'iil Mpiiliitrs llic lliclniv lium !'■,• tnw n jiikI lii;ilirs iiii
mid ta.stct'iil iu':itiic-ss. 'I'dcy wrii' all arr:i^ii:r.l ainl IsImikI hI' it, tlicy |im~si'.| lliiiiiii;li (lie f,Mli'\vav, iiiiclrr
riiltivati'd nil the landsiapi' priiii'i|li' ; rKi'Usainl liviis. wlii.li, in a saiiiliiiii nt' tluii- lavii, sat tliirc or Id ir
IiIIIm mill valli'Vi, tiiiliiatutv imcmIows and dwait'iMl ollir ils, callrd In llic I >iil('i " I'laiijns," w Iium' Inisini'ss it
liMvst-triM's I'M rvwlicri- iliarai'trviM'd llicir as|iiM't. 'I'lii'
.lapaiKsi' afc i;irat adi|'ts at lioili tlic dwailiiiij mid
Inn-ill;; of vc^'riaMi' iirnilui'ls of all kinds.
lli'li" and lliiic a|i|n'ari'd at tin' donis nt" tin- Iicuinon
a ^aily drcssi'd lady, with a dn^nii, nr a ]ii'ai'n(k, ur ii
iilni'iiix wovo into or cinliroidrri'd on lirr ilrrs.4 o|'
is to inspoit narrowly i vny )iris(iii scikiii;,' ini;i('-.>i and
o;;ii-.s. anil t'viiy artiili' or pai Kiujo wlii.ji is i allied in
or I'lit. In I'oiiiirr tinis, tli'M' jinilois were in a iiiosi
ri's|ioiisilil(' |iosilion. and tliiir tniii'lions wcri^ ro^jaidid
liy tin' .lapaiH'M- iioM'riinnnt as ot tin- ntniosl, impor-
tancc ; now, howi'vi'i-, tin- icc.nt rclax.itions «illi
liiautifiil silk or oxipiisiti- I'rapi', In'i- liair sit oil' nl't riini' to t'orci^^nrrs liavo diiiiiiiislii'd tin' caiis of
with Jiins of slold or polisliod torloisi' sliell, and Inr ; ollii'i'. aii'l llii'so diradi'd rii^l-'i/ii, .so loii^r tjio iiiiyl„.ar.s
small tVi't ri'sliiiu' on lii^lit liijjli .vind.ds, just i-cvcalid I of tlie \hitf\\ i in/i/o./- s .'it Piiinia. will soon cca.s!! to
la'iit'.'ilh lii'r tlowiii;; roU', and lier lips rosy, Iml
ol'U'ii rotiiji'il, lii'r plai'id couiili'iiaiu't' ]'ali" I'lnniyli to
."liow an I'lnlianiing sliadow of jiiiik, her eves
lilaek and \vinni:!ir, her form paiefiil mid well
sh.'ijieil. and her whole look so kind, so gentle, so
pas.-ive, mid »o aiiiiaMe, that fa.siiiialioii was irr
exist, or dwindle into respeelalile siiu'eiirisls.
III.— KNVlJioNS OK N.Mi.\S.VKI.
TlIK environs of N.iL'a.s.iki are heaiilil'iil. Theoilv
it.self nestles ,il the Imso nf wooded hills of exipiisile
sislihle. The dap.iliese women paint tin ir lips with a \ form, iis thoiiuh il did not venture to profane Willi it^
eosmetie jirepared tVom llie i-iirthiiiiiim tim-torltis in 1 eo.irse loinh those lovely slopes w liieli are dediealed to
iiips of poreel.iin. ^\ hen a sliijht eoat is applied it ] the worship of Ihiddli .ind t he ( 'yiheriaii (Joildess, lor
i.irl.s a
l.ri-ll
nil eoliiiii,
hilt wl
len It IS put on i t
le 111!! siiles ;in' i
lolli
with I lie most eiiehanliiiL;
tliiikly a deep viol"! hue is iihlained, wliieli latter is sites, .iiid every one of them is oeeiipied with a ten
iiuii'li prized or a tea house.
I'd to onr '..iv'h'r In .lapaii, i'elii;ion is not used as in some ooiiiiti
At
iriier of the street
iple
as attraeted hy a I'uddhisl temp'', whieli was ap- to eoiueal iinmoiality, hut i.iili<r to i;i\e it
o.-U'lied liv it short a.i
line ol evpii
ivin;; lenanee and support. ,si
ih.il
'railleiiljv I here i ; veiv
his eiiini'anion.s, lie sililitered up the shady walk, ami little diireniiee here lulween a teinple and a te.i rioiis
aseeiideil the steps and enlered tlie .saered edilii e alone I'oll
and iiiniii'li sted
stram,'!' to sav, this w.is diiriiii; the
if jmlilie \viii-shi|i. ,ind when ne.irly a hiiinlred
Uji devotei's were present. A lafLre shrine, with
1 .lie sllu.lleil III i.'lol.nils Oe.ill
tlfillU
imlse.iiie I'ardeiiiii'' the
ipanese exiel
li.'ilioii in the world, liotli are resorted t
retre.ils fn'iii the Inrnioil ai
d out In
'IT other
o as aL'leealde
a g.lt iinau'e in its ri
.iiid two hiiriiii
f' e.iii'lles, nil
d hustle of Ihe eily. 'I'lii
two laru'i' uiohiilir lamps. ; most deliyhllnl ''ill s, tin" (hoi. est, dishe-, and tin
meiisely lom; and thick, ; softest iiinsie, aie juiividcd eipi.illy at one and tin
'I'l-elam vases.
hohl
111'' other.
al.so iiiiinerous i,"'ld and
hted tapei-s, and snrroiiiidi d liy a forest of .'ii tilieial It is estimated that there are sixty two temples
iwers. were
the olijeits that most riveted
Ills at- (l.iru'e anil siii;i
11)
I'll hiiiidi'ed and liftv l(
iioiises on the hills round Na^'isaki, al
ollerill'' to tl
(•n hoth sides of this maiiiiifu'eiit and richly gilded .lap
inese in se.m
hof
slirine were two smaller ones, eaeli illiimina
h ilhi
Iteil
■I'
llelolis te.'l ai
III extelism
.dited
I' 1
■inoran ie \ i( \vs. It is worth while elimh
iiii' iin 111
ci'loiired llaiiii
III front of tl
candles and ]ii'Hnmed tapers hiiriiiiii; with scin ' el them, if only to enjo,v the latter. l>lil
the elleel of which was \('rv hciiiliful. iiinwi st
ill
iseeiKl the deep liill-sKle, and von luiss
le principal
knelt six shaven headed prie>ts. th
altar, within an eiic
'Iter and
.iir(
tl
ili'iluh vein
nil.
le i;atewa\s and up more massive lliiihts
siciaiis shave the win
ot the liai
r of their heads
to a laiiy-like w leii slriielnre perched on a pidjecliii;
iioilit, am
hacked hv t.
erraeed uarilelis and cool sliadv
rolled in erimson silk and .vhiti
1 ui
e er.ipe. tin' eeiilre am
cf of whom en:;a::eil himself in strikiiiij a small i,'iis
that le.id to unilti
s, where sparklini; wah r
11. e hnilding seems eon
neer-shaped hell, while four I'lore of the iiiimlier I'er- stiAicled with a vi.'W to the prospect it eomiii.inds
.'S f,
roll! till; liill-si.le.
I.Tined ,1 similar diitv with padd..! drnnist icks
'Ihe h.
.|lv, ma
tied
looms are siirronnded with
hollow vi's.scls of 1;
iciiiiered w
iiioliotoiiou.. soiim
unison, am
1. Tliev kept
ihicl
.il t
I awoke a (111
lie. '11 Verandahs, and rem everv ani^li
fled
ill time, i.lav iinr in lie.mtv iiiei
rts till
liehilid are wooded di
I scene III
lid
ch.'Uiti
1 toiiins; (heir prayers to their
At the eoiu'ln.-ioii i
liioie temples and tea hoii.ses. Al the foot of the liil
if this sinyiiii; ,'ind the city is iiia|ipeil out, and the h.ick premises of tin
Irutnini'.i;; tiny l.eiit their fonheads to the lliHir, after houses can he iiis|ieelcil, the families eiigai;e
d III dome^
1 liicli till ',• ro
il repain
where n e
to till
reinonv made iiii ol
smaller shrines, tic ahliili
(I
It
ilelii;liltiil to see papa, lliamiii:
lieiil.iMoii and a and ail the eliildreii splashing so harnioiiioiisly in ihe
soleiiiii rea.lmg uf )ir.iycrs took pl.iee In the me.iii- .ick garden. licvond the town are iiiore lerriieeil
aiiil the lieaiilifnl winding harhoiir losing ilself in
I'leiksaml hays, to all a|ipe.irane(' a placid lake;
time the andiein
\lielt with their eves directed to tl
;i"iiii(l. an
■p. aim.,' the I
.|iiarler of ••in hmir or nmre had e',
moment of the inlriidcr's eiitraii
irayers in silence,
froii
the tor tl
l.le
:'f. re I., riu'ht of
r the (1. 1 an is now licre Msil.li
Meantiine the dinner, which
lias hi
presence was in any way iinestioncd. 'riieii, however, arrived, spre.id out iip..n the
one of the acolvlcs appr..aiheil him from u side door, it oeeiipics the gn'at r poilioii of the loom
■ihred. hi
1 hi
in lii •iplerell howls
It ha
all a most iinploring
•k desired !iis ile|i,irluri
hcv termiiiiit'd th.ir lir^l dav'
<pl. . ration ot ne:i
piicklv iind diligent iy
Iv ilicsscd niiiiih lis, who m
iged \i\ IX train of
it ihellis'lves round
ilglLSlkl, liV ,1
d visit to hecima. tor the pnr^iose , it and invito us to piirtake. 'Ihe piirty li:i I long siiieo
CHINA, COrillN CHINA, AND lAPAN.
tiiki'ii of)' llirir sli ., ami linw ■ iiiilttcil in :i circle mi ■
(lie lliicir Mild >i;\/it\ with ciiiiiisi y, ti'il iiliiiiixcil willi
:il.iriii. ill the ill^|il.iy 'let'cle tiieiii. 'riieie was IMW
(i-^li thinly sliceil, iiml siilleil niiifU'r; tlicTe were |irii«ii>
pilcil ii|i with II siili^tnncc, which in tiiste ninl :i|>| r-
nice veiv imiili rc-ieiiilileil (iitiy ; there vere |iicl<lcil
ci;;;s iiikI iiic1< leeches, lunl pieces (if ^^ristle lie|iili,L;iiii;
to :iiiiiii:ils iiiikinnvn, to In eiiteii with siiy ; ami yaiiis
mikI |icai^, ami varimis sorts of IViiits ami vei;etaliles I
|ife|iaie(l. some of tlieiii, |iiilat:ilile emmjjh ; Init still
the ex|ieiiineiit was ha/anloiis, iiml they wei'e relieveil |
at, the slight ol' a howl of lice as a sale pi^iv dn re '■
finlti iirr, I
The miiiisteiiiiir sjiiiits seeineil to (leliitht in |iiissiiii4
ll|>oii thi'iii the iiiisticsl things, a|i|iafcli(lv Cor the
miiiiseiuenl which their very laces alhnileil them,
rresenlly another lroo|i ol ilanisels with lutes ami
toiii tonis came tri|i|iiiij; in; Iml they eliciteil from |
tlii'ir musical instruments the most iliscorilaiit soiimls
to their noil .la|ia"ese eais, so they wire |t;lail to take ,
iefii;;e in the t)aleoii\ ; ami hjivini; once more feasteil
their eyes n|ioii tin, failinj; |iros|ieet, they ileseemleil
from their iiiry [. >sition to the streets, now ra|iiilly
siil>siilin;» into that early evenin}{ stilliies,s which j^ives
cviileiiee that the jfood folks of Naiias'iki iloii't allow
either luisiness or jileasure to steal from them the lust
hour of the niL;lit.
Contrary lo that which ohlains tliroiii,'hoiit the
Rist, women enjoy in .lapaii a leal social im|iortam'e. .
This is sntlieiiiilly attesleil I .y I heir her-ilitary succesion I
lo 'he throne it the Mik.el'-. The .la|iai •>:• have
only one leLTMiinate wile, .iml ihey ilo not kee|i her
shut t.|ias 'ill' < 'hinese ami most, orientals lio. Nay,
she is e.cii, sti,ini;e to say, responsilile for her
hiisliami's ilclils. Nowhere are women tiealeil with
f:realer res|iecl, or are more allenlions I ivishi'd iijioii
the sex. The marriages of the me.it are atlemlcil with
a |irofn.se outla\, ami their ladii's have tlicir own
hoiisehoM. '{'he lull lei lly emlilein of im ^laiiey
ill Kiirope - jilays an iiiipo\-taiil part in I he mairia'^c
ceremony in Japan. They arc appareiilly clo-er
eiilonioloeii'al ohservers tli.iii I'.iiiopians generally,
ami tlie\ have consecrateil the liiiltcrlly Ipeiau-c II
termiii.iti's its existence "d ins nne union aiiioiiri'iise
Two yirls enact the part, ihe m f (he- male liutleiily,
the other of the li iii.ih' Imllerlly, a^, all mailiace ceri'-
mollies, the most nnpo.laiil part of which con-ists in
the hriilc and hriii '^^room drinking; to one anolher and
ili.iii;;iii;; cups. T'lis eslahlishes a pi'iinamiit en;,'aL,'e
nieiit in Japan, and our iiierehoits and skippers must
lieware of exehani;iiiK ;;lasses viih the pielly miids
who (hitter in (lit! tea ;;arih'n-i. 'I'lieir ediicadoii is
carefully a((endiMl to, their iii.iiiiicrs are :i( once en
(.{a^'iiij; and iioMe. Marrieil ladies visit their rel.itives
once II ye.ir with e.xtraorilin.iry pomp and solemnity.
They are aei-ompanied hy niimeroiis maids o(' honour,
who wear red ilresses vviti u'reen rihands, oi j,'reeii
dre.s.ses wilh red riliaiids, aeeoi mijr til (heir rank.
Jap.inese ladies read a ".'i' a( (leal. They have ni.iny
story liiioks and romance .\ inoin; the latter -of a
.somewhat hisloiicd iliaracter - (he MisfortMies of
Nisiono Ki.saki, tln^ wife of a Mik,ido in the olden
times, oei'iipy u prominent place. They also dnss
well and expensively, with indeed a truly oriental
luxury. It the men clothe themscKes, as in China,
India, and I'ersia, in stiilf> of silk and t;olil, the ladies
are not hehind (lieni in the costliness of their crapes,
their iiiuslins, their silks and .satin, and the richness of,
185
their eiidiroidery. Taste and ueallli arc.ilike marked
liy (he niimlier, variety, and co.stliness of a ladv's
dresses. No tissues wove in Kuiope approach in
delicacy of Inaterid the li;,dit ;;ossanier m.ilerials
wiiiii hy ,la|iaiio.se ladies in siiuimer. 'I'lnir dresses
are supporled hy a simple waislhaiid, which is tied
liehiml hy the uniiia'i'ied, and hefore hy the wedded
ladies The sleeves • 'e of ;;reat ilimensions, and, in
some iiistanees, fill . the f;roiind. They al.^o wear
many dresses at the .same time, Imt the toilette is imt,
on that aceoiiiit, a (edioiis alliiir, as wi(li ii.>. They can
<{et into (hem, Imwevi r niimeious, all at ome. Thev
dress and undress with eipial la^e and rapiclitv. The
waisdiand is loosened, their slecvis are allowed to fall,
the dress or dresses follow, and all is done These
waistliaieU are riilily worked widi t.'olil and silver, or
decoialed with precious stones The leiiyth of the
volie lieliind ileleriiiines the rank of the «earer. liiili
or |ioor, every woiiiin had her fan, and .dl ela.s.ses j^o
with their head iincovcreil except in winter, when
they wear a kind of white lined .oik lioiinet Men and
women alike ii.se |iarasol.s, cinerally home hy pages.
IV.— J.MWNKSK IKIMKSTU; LIKE.
Tilt; followint; pun ly domestic sc-cm . detailin;^ traj;
meiits of daily inlen oiir>e li'.'iween an Kiinli^h traveller
and a respeit.ihlc .lapani'se family, will do more in
convey an idea of their inaiiiiers and iiisloms than
whole pai,'es of dcs( riptive jielier.alities.
(>iir 'ia\cllcr, it is to 1 hseivi'd, |iicked up tlii' ac
ipiailltaiii e o| a Japanese yelltleman ill (he s( reels of
NaL,''Sil;i. They had no( pioceeded more (hall a hun-
dred y.irds t'loii their haltini; place, when his .scarlet
friend, as he then callcil him. slopped in front of a small
archuay leidiiu; I hrou;^li a small aveiine ol oraiii;e trees.
Ilankcil liv ixaideiis, ami thence up h.ilf.i do/'ii inaiKle
steps to the hall 'ioiir 1. 1 a Uell verandahcd comlorlaldc
look! 11 l; lialiil.tl loll, u ilh a conical n.of, which, l>y sundry
words and siiiiis which would Iom their I'llcct if it were
.lllcmpled to reduce them lo pen on paper, he was led
to iinderstaml was his house Would lie walk in .ind
Like tea ( ()f course he Would, and so he did; and to
(he evident ilelij;lit of his new host, wIiom' howiii;;
polili'iiess was so iiiien-e, tlial lie say-> he had never
met with its like hefoie, and lii\er expeclecl (o meet
with au.iiii out of J.ipaii. ( 'l■o^.-,in^' the mat hut I'la-
hoialelv eoiistrucled poiili, they entered hy ( he open
doorw.iy a spacious hall, iiia((eil accordiii)^ (o (hi'
f,'overiiiiient reiiu hit ions, which prescrihes that e\cry
imit maiiiilaetiiicd throunhoiil the empire iiiiisl 1 f
(he one uiiiforni si/e. Similar re;;iil.it loiis are in force
with respect lo the hiiildiiii; of houses and all s.iilinc
craft, which must in no e.isc he di\er;;id from wiilioii(
special authority. At (lie opposite end of (lie hall,
which consisted of a w.ill painted very niiicli after the
sivie of a drop at a theatre : a passage .-ros.sed it, so
that the house coiihl he entered either to the ri};lit or
thi' let't. .\ (nan servant, elail in yellow 'O'samer, w.is
sillini;, (/ Af Tiin/'ii'. in (he one (o the i.ijht liy wliii h
(hey entered; hehowed his ton lie.id (ow.iid (he Lir.aiiiil
as his iiias(er approached, ami passi d him, iiniiiedialely
afdc which he t'oUowed them into (he saloon, or com-
moll silt iiii;-i'ooiii of (he house, wlnaea hcindtiil siyht
a( ome presell(ed i(self to the visitor. Jie bliouhl
radii r have said a heaiKifiil woman, lor it wah no other
than his liost llio scarlet ''eiilliin in a wife
1 1 ! r
IflA
ALL ROUNl) THE WORLD.
"iS^ *^-" aSiSMii
#H^
ENTRANCE TO THE BAY OF YEOOO.
J'lii' li:iir of tliis laily \v:is dioscd in ii iiiMmjc'i- wliicli
was new ti) liis cxiicriiiR't', IpoIti^ whIIi iit lull Iciiytii
(liiwii her liai'k, ami tiiil at ciiiial cli>taiiii'.s with velvet
prapi'. It wasMiu'jle.stiveul'aliell n'jie; Imt what nt'tliat /
it was a .<iir|ia.->ing ciriiaiiieiit. Her lil's were ut' a di'-
liiate iJiirjili' tint, tlie elli'it <it' eosiiietii-, wliieli as slie
slightly iMuvecl tlieni will) un exi)ie.s.sion (if tiinnl
woMilci- at lie inmneiit of Ins entrance, ilisclosed ii set
(if Will liirnieil liMt lilaekeiieil teetli, tlie invarialile siixn
of man ia^ie. Her i plc-xioi. was pale, inelinin^ ti> I
tawny, aixl a ijeiieale line of russet |iink adorneil jier ''
elieeks, Jier liruwswere Idaek. alike with her liair.
and arehed. Her head was rather hirj,'e, and displayed
a hit;h well t'urmed torehead ; Iter eyes were narrow and
somev. hat sunk in the head, the eyelids f.rrininii in thi^
fjreat iui{,de of the eye a deep fiiimw, hut the expression
was oiii! of t'Xtrc^nie (piii kness and umiahility. So .soft,
so eontidinix w.i.s lier manner, that our traveller Biiys
she inspired him with the virtuous passion of ailmira-
timi. Her hands and feel, tlio latter restiiii; on ii
I'atliery mat, were small and exipiisitely formecl, and
her whole li:,Mire, attitnde, and movements were fall of
j.'r.iei'. She w,is arraveil in .i dress of liianiifnl silk,
into tiie skirt of whieh heliinil was wove a ri'preseiita-
tioii of tin' peaeoik. 'I'he I'olours were as hriLjht ;is
tlioM' wurn liy her sire, lint then they harmoidsed well,
as is in\ariahlv the ease with the .lapanese, so that tln^
most hrilliant eoHeetioii of tints never wears an aspeet [
otlna'wiH' than jileasini;.
IHs host introcjiieed him as Aiiifriiii; he liowed low j
to the hely. who hid risen frmn a siti.ill iittoinan-like
stool on whieh she was se ited, book ."ml fall ill hand,
at the nioim'lit of his eiitranee, nnd w'no oowed like
wise, I'losiii:.' her hands and raisiiit; them fo her hosoin
lis she dill so. .After this, she resnmeil her seat, and
without nlteriiii; a word, A nietallii' lnazier stood
in the eentre of the room, and round it viere arrantred
three velvet topped eilshions <'r stools, intelidid to la?
i>i«m1 ;i,s seals. On one of these he was invited to Ic
Kealeil; so he maile the deseeiit with an elegame for i
whieh he >ay> he was indihted to his "shiny leather'
lioots.and eon^^ratulated himself very much un r»'aehing
the cushion without a " tlop."
His lio.st liaviii;; haiideil his sword to the atreiidant,
followed liiiii to the lloor, where he arrived as salilv
tind as naturally as our travellir had done him.self;
immediately after whieh the vellow yos.sainer clad at
temlaiit laid a tray eoniainiiii,' the usual ]>ipe and
tohaeeo-Jioueh let'ore e,u h ot them As !.!■ h;id lio fan,
one was h..nded to him. It v\as nnneees.-arv to order
tea; it was liroui;ht in on a tray hy another male
ilolnestie, allayed in white eaml'lie, u niiliutc or .so
altiiwards.
The windows of the room were open, and di.selosed,
across the verandah, whiih surrounded the house, ,i
well eiiltiwited {.'allien of diversified asjieet. The walls
(if the looin itself Were entirely eoMled with heautifnl
Japanese ilr.iw im.'> of l.nL,'e si/.e on paper.' amlverv
' ll Has wni ilirl'al t>i mv ilie tlieiisaml iisctiil iis well its ormi-
iiieatiil iMiriHi-e *» wliicli )';i)iit \\;is a|>pricalili> in the liaails of
tiii''i' iinlu>lri' ll-* atnl la>U'lt)l |i'ii]il,'; oar p;ivier-inarl.e niiinurMC-
tiirers, ns will a-* tlir niiitii nital oiu'<. i*lmulil pi tn ^'t-iliio to
Ii-;ira wliat r;iii I'l' ili.-- with puinT, W'o saw it nmile iiile laiitf-
riiil so cln-ely n-. iiililii'u' Ha>Miia anil niurniro li'iitliiT. tiiiit it
wa.< viry (lilliiiilt !■• lUtiil tin' lUli'ieniv. \\ ill- tin- ai<l nf
l:iei|iu'r, viiriii.<,li, anil skillnl paii tia^, p.iperniiiilecxreili'al tnaii.s,
tiiiiiiirii l«iirs, eiji.r eases, siiilillfs. te'.esi'"|H'. ruses, lite fritinck iil*
mil* osi'opi'!* ; anil we even saw anil usiil exeellent waterpriNil'enats
n uile (it'simiile piiper, wliiili </"/ lii'i')) eat llie nia. lunl were us
siippl • »» tlie lie-1 niaikia''i>li. Tlie.Iapiiiii'Re us<' neiiliiT silk nor
eiittiia lianili.eriliiet'-. t"V\el<. er iln-tirs; p:i]i.r. in tlnir liiiiul-,
fiTvis US an evreilenl -nli-titnli-. It is suit, thin, lunL-h, of a pile
yell.iw ei.l.iiir. iinil v. iv phnliral imil ilieap. Tlie inner «a N uf
many a .lapmii-e iipiirMiiiiit lee ferniiil uf pii|ii'f, iM'iiiLMiMlhmi;
innre than piiiiileil siTnui ; tin ir »iaaii"s me ei.venil with a tii.e
Irinnlar.nt ili-enpliiin of the viiae inateriiil It enliis larp ly
iiiln the n\ innl'actnre lit miirK ivi rvlliiejr i» « .I'l'anise linnse-
h ihl, ami we kuw wlmt .einieil liiilli'i.f twiiu', wlildi were n .thitu;
I. at l..nu' shr.ili i>rt.iiiL'h papT rnlliil up. ll ii slinikeepiT h:nl a
)i!iriel Id tie np. he wmeil tai,e a ►trip nf pnp< r. mil it ipiiilily
lul ween liis hiuiil!', anil us.' it r.r llie pnri«i«e, iiinl il was ipiite
us slriini: as the Dnlinarv strait: u«-il at hnine. In slmrl, witliimt
pap<r. all Japan wiiulil ciinic tun ileHil lurk, mill, inilecti, Ifst >»
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, Aiib JAPAN.
187
much rt'semhliiii; stiifio sroiiory. Tlic tloor was dl'
cumisr cnvenil with (lie liiirsl of iiiiittiiii; ; tlic ceiliiiij
Wius richly f^ihli'ii, iiiid lifilizciieil with iiiaiiy i'xi|uisit(^
ciihinr.s, wliili' the entire aspect of tiie jdaci' was liiie nl'
sechii'tive re|H)S4'. |
His linst nnw hecaiiie v>>liil)le on tlie silliject of i
hiinselt' and the nieetiiii; Id his wife, w hd made lier
Ciminient.s and inciuiries in a snft sulnineil voice.
•' Picture Monsieur," saiil lie, howin.;;, aii<l exti'ndin;; i
liis hand, lir.-t Inwards his visitor and then towards the
huly. \
The siiiil visitoi- (iiiw that he wanteil liiin to produce
a sketch he had niaile of a funeral |inices-.i()n; so he
readily complied, >;'^i"fJ them to undei-sfand, however,
that it w,i> liy no mems in a rinislie<l state. They
appeared to he iinicli pleased with it, his host handirii;
It hack to him with the imiuiry, whether he wouhl
.sketch hint (
" Oui — yes — ya — zoo — i-amavoo — tsegimi — tilalioo."
He would do so with pleasure; am) lis iiiiii ami wife
were liililiciilly assei ted to he one tlesli, he pre--umed
tint he wished him to include the lady. II ■ did; hi'
should he i;lail to see iier a.s a poppy in the 'add. So
drawin<j; forth his pencil and paper ca- , which he
always carried ahout him when on slioie, he liei;.iii to
eye the featurcM of Ills entertainers, and, much to their
amn.semeut, to depict tlu' .same upon the white surface
hcfore him. When he had tiiiisiied the pcii(ulliiij{, he
showed i' to them with the remark, that he would
colour and complete the dr.iwiiiij when he went on
hoard the ship, and liriiii; it to them on the morrow.
Ihit no — they did not like that. They did not want
to he seen on hoard the ship However, on hisassurin;;
them that it should not l>i shown, his host con.sented to
the iirrani,'emeiit
" Vou would like to see my children V said he.
'■Their presence will deiiuht me exciediii!j;ly,"' was
the reply; upon which he ta|iped the melal lir.zier
>laiidiiu{ hefore him »itli his fiii, which produced a
iiiel'.)W hell like tiiiiiliug sound, which was aiiswired
hy he loliliy servant in yello.v i.'o.sstmer, who eiilered
an i knelt hefore us .\ tew w.ids of iiisl ruction uere
softlv, scarce audihly, uHi icl i.\ the laily; tli:' man
howeit his liead low, ro-i>, .and left the room, niovini.'
hackwards, with his 1 - ie-,liiin upon his thighs till
he passed the doorwa;.
Havinji now drank each a cii(i of tea, and smoked a
pipe, during whi.li liin' tic lady li.id hicii ctmiged in
fanning lierMlf and liohling occ.i-i iial (•■iiiversilioii
with her husliaml, the latter sugge^ti d tin r rising ami
taking seats under the ver.iiidah, lU' out in ilie ;.'irilen.
where they could see and .idmircMhe fruits .and ll iwers
of the e.irth. So, acconliiigly, they rose, and pa>^ing
lluough the open windows, and level with the Hoor.
I he Harden in all its loveliness was spread out !»■('■ i
ihi'in.
Oiir traveller .■iilmils that he is rather a lover of
Dutch ami ('liinese taste and detail in the ariiiiigement
ot gardens, although an ailmirerof thegr.ind, the roiigh-
hewn, the wild, and the massi\i' in nature. He was.
ihereforo, pleased and rcl're-hed hy the sii,dit of i'
miniiiture land.Mape Ik lore him. with its ai'i'heil hriilv"
spanning a ri\er or a «alcrlall, its terrace hills, and it>
till' ailiitriiry pxiTi'isc ul' nnllmrity ii lynimiiiMl tiiisliaiiil slimiM
Htil|. jiis wif'r's pillnT. tlir -;li:o mntiu'rill lev iuvaii:lltl_V Stl|iuiatfS
ill till' iiiiii'i'iii!,'e M'tili'iiii'iit llhil the hriilc is to liavr ullnwnl to
III r ,1 I'lrtaiii i)uiilililj' ut |w|h.t.
fertile pl.iins, its iun;;le, and ils groves of laurel, citron
and peach, and allhoiigh lure it all was artificial, it was
liii^hiy pi( tuiT.sipu' and suggestive of the nioie im-
posingly real.
Here, in imigination, he was taking a lii.d's eye
view of an extensive sweep of coiinti'V instead o( an
acre or so of cultivated ground. They had not licen
more than live minutes under the verandah, when two
nurses noiselessly presenttal them.selves hefore tin ni,
the one leading a line little hoy ahout three years of
age, who, with the front liair slia\eii oif liis head,
looked as wildly intelligent as did the urchins he had
.seen at Simoda on the lirst day of his landing in the
empire. The feet and legs of this yiaing gentleman
were hare, and his sole clothing was a sltcxed froi k of
stnw coloured crape, dniwn in at the waist hy a red
silk s.ish. The .sei'ond niir.se hore her charge on her
liai'k, with her hands heliind holding on, after the
manner adopted hy the liiliias of Australia, and occa-
sionally hy ihe wnmeii of most other eoiintiies. It
was entirely i(i\ereil, the head and fue excijited, hy a
thin loose lit iiii<; rohe of similar colour ainl material to
that worn hy the I'Ider hoy; for tlii> ali-owas of the
gender ma.scnline, as was reailily priceixid hy the
sh.iven head, a ceriMiiony hcgun very early in life, li r
the infant in ipiestioii he ascertainwl to he iindi r
twelve months old.
The nurses were hotli prcttj' girls, with hn.-oms coii-
sideralily exposed, displaying a skill even ]i.iler thini
their faces. Their hair was tastefully drawn from olf
the forehead and sides, and fastened in the usual way
with gold pins ill a graceful knot on thecro«n. 'I heir
ears were sm.ill ami di'licately formed : their hands and
fei't, hoth of which were uncovered, aiiswciul the .saniv'
description. Their gauzy dres.scs of light I Ine cotton
extended from the shoulders to the ancles, hut h ft the
outline of their form and linihs distinctly trae. ihle.
.\ yellow crape .sa.'.li circled the waist, and tight. md
tieir dresses round them — which gawnents wore aiiy-
iliiu, hii; III! intlatrd aspi'ctT-so limeli so that now. if
he says he I ;m1 to .lame the antipodes of tiiediooped
an 1 ciiiiolined dre.s^ of his sister (he speaks in tin-
tj)u,ker scii.sc of the term), l.ady Florence Kotuiida, of
(irosveiior sipiare, he should .seh'ct that of one of the
nurses of his Na;;iisiki friend.
He Very niucli adniind. and expieisnl hi dmi-
riilion i.f the liitle tliiin;s. upon which (like - ilicr
mother- in other lands) his hostess seemed ipiile as
ih pleased with him as hewaswitii the childiiii.
>• smiled, and iietted tin in with caresses-- p.iler-
laiiiili.is siiiihd, and tickled oia of them under the
chin — the nurses smiled, and he smiled hiniscll, nu-an-
wiiile \ vi-liini; hi^ eulogistic remarks and gestures,
and shaking thi'm hy the liand- ii mode of handling to
whnli tliey appeared to he iiuite iiccnstomed— so that,,
on the whole, juilging hy appealanees. they were a
happy family, the yellow gossamer-elad indi\idnal,
ule kiK'lt at .sol listaiice with a pleasant grin play-
ii.L' lo.ss his features, included.
\^ it was now siin.-et he touk his h:ne the lady
vsinglow, tin' niir.s"s and children still heiiig hv her
-ide, and his lio>t accompanying him to the pi.ich. and
, insisting upon his ill ccptmg as a gift the tin which hi.d
hi'cu handed to him at the time of his entianee. and
j expressiiii;a leiiewed hope that he Would allow him i;..'
j felicity id' entertaining him on the day following.
I The next day our traveller took his way with th i
I coloured portrait in his poiket, -the ohserved ot all
18S
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
! i
i I
I ;
oliscrvors," ovor tlio woll-swo))t. wiUpavod <:;npiin(l, to
tlic limisf (if Ni.;.kot(.;-ka. Iiis lio.st of tlir iin \ ioii>,
day. Wliilf niiikiiii,' ini'iition of liis imiii.'. it iimy lie
oliM'iviil tliMt tlic ,F,i|i.imsc iisiiu''' with r(S|ic('t to si.cli.
•lilli'is from tli.it of iill ollhT iwitioiis. 'I'lit! family
liiiiiii' of till' iiiiliviilual is iii'vcr iiiaile us(M)f liy him.
('X<-i'|it in the .^^ii^iiiii^' of .solcinii coiilracls; nml the
|i,\rticiiliii' iiniiu'.s hy whii h null .no ih>ii.'M.it('(l in onli-
iiai-y lifi' and ion\ irsalion. \arii's aci'ordinsi to age' ami
(lositioii. 'I'lms. in oHiriid rank^, it is .i tommon thiiii;
lor till' oni' man to havi' In rii known and aiidri'r>Md liy
lialt'n clozon (litfiTi'iit nanii's.
Our tnivi lier jia^sid niulrrthi' sann' I'li'gaiilly carvi'd
.iii-hway, along tho same avcnui' of oranu'' and lilion
tiers, iiniler the same )ioreh, and o\i r the .-.oft maltini;
to the IMiy, where was s(|n.itled the lierald in yellow
!,'os.simei'. He ineliiieil his fondiead to the groiiml as
he a]ili|-oaelied him, then ro>i', an t leerded lieloio him
liaekwards, with his hands ii>iiiiL; on his thighs, to the
door of the saloon in which he had sit on the |iie\ious
day. It was nnor.iipied ; Imt the windows wi'ie o|.eii,
as liefore, re\ o.iliiiL; to the eye tho |ile;isint gaidcii
|rros|ieet withi'Ut. Tho attendant |ilaied one of the
velvet sfool-ensliions for him. if he ehoose, to lie seated
n|ion. and with hands to thighs, he again moved liaek-
w.irds o\it of the room.
In a few monnnts — dnriiig wliieh he had amiiseil
liiih.self hy examining a giily painted fan, which had
{■"nsivama on one side, and a wrestling match on the
other — liis host made Ins a|iiiearance ; Imt this time
e!ad in rohos of ditfereiit and more niagiiiliceiit eoloiirs
to those worn on the occasion ot his tiisl seeiiig him.
He liowed low, cla|ied his hands, elevated them to his
lorehead, and airaiii to his luca-t, and lude him wel
come. He ]ireMiite.l tlie pictiMc to hiui; he again
liowed and thaiiki'd jnm. in the name of Nipon and his
wife, tor the honour that he had done them. Onr
Iravellcr liowecl his ackie-w ledi;iiieiits, aii.l responded
willi m.iliv assMlMiices of the pride and plea>iiie he
felt in the leinoiir of his aci|iiaiiitai in paiticnlar,
.'iiid of diipaii in '.'em ral. lie a_'.iiii Im.wicI low, and
^liil th.it Nipoii w.i> exalted, ,tiid No>koto.ka w.is
IhlMcleci lie would take a Clip of the di'llcinlls and
lite revtiiriii:.' tea grown on the teriMcc hills of the
island, and he would liiiiii a |ii| f the I'la^'raiit h''f
of the toll icco pliiil. which lloiiiished in the valleys;
and verv soon tln' parliiei' nf his career "ii the mi-
slrdi/l/ l-.{Vt\\ — he mil^l li.i\e lieili dist llllied li V call ll-
onakes — Would he dow n to reward him with lierlo\e
and smiles. He howcd a.'.iin. His iiost drew forth
the lohacco poiich fi'oin his sa-h, while simiillaneonsly
the ten.int of the yellnw go.s^ami r entered with a Irav
containing,' .inolher for Ids visitor He followed
the example of his friend, and sit down liefore lie'
metal lirasier, in whiih a small lire of prepiii.d
charcoal was Imriiing at tln' timi' ot' his ii:tr.inec. I |e
hoped the children were u. II; \c-. the\ '.re in il^
liappv iiijoynient of the mo>t peile. i healili. He v\,i^
glad to hear it.
I'leveiitlv the l.idv of the lii.ii^.' made her .-ippear-
ance. The ^.iliii.it ii'ii was MS on the pic\ ions day, Imt
free from all cniliaria^smciit. She greeted the visitor
lew woiils of her native l.iinjiiai'e, which lie did
III a li
moment of its examination. ITor dross and iipponr-
ance, including the mode of wealing the liair, wiin
ne.irly the same as on the previous day, and her
manner was just as winning, amiahle, and full of
geiitlonos.s.
v.— A JAPAN KSE LADY.
A STIIJ. more cnrioiis and eliaracteristie scene pre-
Honted itself on another orcasion, and after inlerconise
hetweeii the two jiarlies had ripened to intimacy, '{'he
visitor and his host had liecii conversing almiit half an
hour when the lieaiilifiil Sondoree, in utlier words,
.Mrs. Noskiitoska, made her appearance.
.She had just ontered i he Imnse in company with n
1 Illy friend, who was tie n in another apartment., Jn-
voliintarily the vi^it ir rose, howed, and extended his
hand, the litter so suggestively that Mix Noskotoskii
actually took hold of it, or rather, in the uncertain
endeavour to tlo so, approached it so closely that ho
tenderly took hold of hers Ho wa.s delighted to see
her. He hoped, with all the fervour of his nature,
that tho iiolile lioys, iier chihiieii, were doing well, and
she heiM-lf was doing likewise. Ho wished her the
highest felicity ever awarded to mortals on earth, a
highly ortlmdox Japanese eonipliment, and liei,'ged her
acceptance of the few trinkets which he had Jilovided
himself with liefne leaving tlie sliip, and which he
then hamlel to liei, eiica.sed in a small hox which hail
lieeii liought at Tinilirid',:o Wells for sixpoi.eo. They
consisted of a ring, a ])encil oa.so, and a few eliarms,
which lie had lioiight from iin Knglishman at Hong-
Kong for tho purpose of giving away to the .Ja]ianese
'adios. She was mmli jileased with tlieiii, and thanked
him warmly, Imt with respect to the ring she thought
it emlilelnatic of lioiidai.'e, fctti is, and that like. He
placed it upon her second linger, and assured her that
the ladies of I'.nglaiid and Aiiiciica li.id no such scruple
a',;aiiist wearing them, and that sin-li was a sign of
rank and wealth rather than otherwiM' : alllioiii;h, when
the di-play o|'tlio>eiir any other kind of jewellery was
l.irge and couspicnoiis, the taste was justly esteemed
vulgar. Her hair to day was no longer of such a
length as to remind him of a hell rope; it was wound
ill'" ; . coil at the hack of the lie.id near the
crown. ;iflcr the common style of v\c irin:,' it ; there it
was f.ivicncd liy tw.i pins chastely eai ved. the one of
tortoi.-e->he|l, the oilier of gold. Her appearance was .so
tair and liecoming. that she Would have awoke the
.'idiiiiration of many an un^miticii exipiisito satiated
wi;li g.i/.iiig on th" lieaiity of a London -eas.in. j adies,
she was "a dear sweet creadue.' as guileless, as inno-
cent, and as virtuous as she was lovely. She witli-
drtvv.
The host expros.sed his inclination forahath. Would
he like to enjoy a similar luxury ( if .-o, his compiiiiy
in the water would allord him |ileasure. Tapping the
liia/!i r hefore him with his fan, he summomd tliu
illeiidaiit from the pas.sige, to whom h'- communicateil
his desile. The vellow gox-alllel' letiled. lielidillg aS
Usual. The host lolhuveil inimedi.iti Iv al'tei WMi-ils, anil
he with him. aero^, the a]iartnieiil. thloie.di the open
w indow and "ardeii to the h.i
uardcii to the li.itli house, at
it dislincllv hear ler iiiidi istaiel, hut which.
no Die en
Ir.iiire to H liicli knelt t
le gentleman i
(loUlit, VVI
to Words of eomplinicnt or wi
line. Mie a third male .servant.
H>
saw the loloiirei
anticipating the ;ii
if I hi' hath,
rlined Ins forehead to tlie
1 |iortr.iit on one of the ciishious, and ground as they pa.s.scd liini, and then still kiieeiiuv,
imm.inds o| his niasler.
t«. tanks or haths in theehandier, iuuJh
■t of 1
ler sire, leant dow n and iiick
itcd tlh
It n]i, expressing her .silislaction w
ilh it at the lir,>t
Th.
-T"
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
189
11 ..f
ilii'ii
WHS
I'lllril
li 11
Hlllll
tllr
it
111' nf
11-- >■!
til.'
lali'il
li.'S,
lllln-
litll-
>llM
|1MI1\'
tll'f
til.-.
II. '.I
■i ''■''
ami
.|i>'ii
il
mill,
I liiii
lint',
lii.li*
of wliiti' iiiiiilili', and Imtli sii|)|ili(il with wiuiii w.itcr.
In 11 vi'icss till' liuckfts tor Imlding rulil wiit.r wci.'
su.s|ii'ii(li'(l tViiiii il ccipii. r mil riiiiniiif; a.iuss it. His
liiist WHS iini.'kly ilivi'stcil ot' his ijiiiniciits, li.' fi.llnwiHl
liis t'Xiiiii|ili', ,111.1 v.'i'v siion tlu'V were ilusliiui,' mihI
liliiiiLri'il,' iili.iiit in tivi' t'.'.'t ..f wiitcr. lie wiis in tlif
net lit i'nii'i.;iiij,' iit;:iiii t'luiii tlic liiitli wlicn tlic tiiir
Siiii.l.ii.'t' — yes r.-ii.lri', Mis N.iskcit.iskii — iiiiiili' liur
!i|i|.i'iiinn('(' 1 nnd, uli. .Liinls iiml sinisliin.', with Ii.t
la.iv tVicii.l by li.T si.l.' ! 'I'Ihi.' whs iid mistake iilimit
it, tlicy lia.l seen til. Ill i;.. int. 1 till' l.iitli-li..ilso. 'i'li.'y
did not liliisli in- turn lia.k — im, tliat w ii.it t.i liu
rx|i('('ti'il tV.iin Jii|)iincst.' hi.li.'s. Wliat was tlic lii'.st
tliinj; to lie .l.)no i The lovely I'l'ratiir.'s were ask inj;
liini how he liked the Imth. Me was alnicist disposed
t.i he viilnar iiii.l say, " None the h.'lt. r t'.r si.ini,' you,"
hut it.s rudeness sho.'ked his delica.v. as iiiii.li as .li.l
the jire.s.iiee of his host's wile an. I li. r viii,'iii tVi.n.l,
for tlii^ teeth of tlu" latt.r w<;r.' whit.' as polish. ■.! ivoiy,
So niueh tli.' worse t.ir liiiii, he tlioiii;lit. N.'\.'itliil.'>s,
he niiist.'red that .pii.'t .•.nirai,'.' so n.'.'essaiy in po>i-
tions ..f the kin.l ami .•oinjioseil himself. Why sliniil.l
lie troiilile hiiiis.df alioiit it, tlioUL;lit he, if tiny .li.l
not \ They Were th.' intrii.l.rs, not him. \\ hat
deli;;htfiil .'.iiis.ilation ! .Iiist tlii'ii Nosk.ituska steiip.-.l
.lilt of his liatli, ami stamliiii; on a ^.'I'.itiii:,' in the iiii.l.ll.'
of the llo. ir, .irdere.l u couple of liii< k.ls .if col.l waler
to he thrown ov.m- him liy the alt. ii.liiit. Tli.' water,
thi'oii;;h whi.'li a constant current lia.l Ih.'Ii maiiitainc.l,
was now allowc.l t.i run oil', it was hut lli.' w.nk .if ii
m.iment. .lust then the thou^dit .struck him that the
la.li.'s, w ho wen.' eoiivcrsiii.,' t.ij;.'tli.r in one corner . if the
room, lia.l i'oiik' to inini.'rse themselves, ami that the
longer he reiiiaiiie.l wli.re he was th.' longer one <if
tli.'m wiuil.l liiiM' to w.iil. They woiil.l ratli.'rscc him
out. 'f the hath than in it, li.' h.'gan to think, so out he
st.pp.'il, ill a mann.'r as spiighlly as ev.r that of
Noskotoska. lie narrowly csiap. .1 havim; t w.i lunk.'ts
of ..ihl wat.'r .lasheil ov.r liilii as he p.iss. .1 th.' alt.'ii.l
ant aii.l pro.'.'cili'.l t.> th.' .Irying gronml, a small hut
op.'ii .livisi.m at tli.' iipp.'r I'Xtremily ..f th.' r.i.mi. |{y
this time th.' wat.r from liotli tanks had liecn .'liiptied,
i.n.l lli.'y were heiiig lill.'.l .igaiii with a fresh siipplv
''roiii ill.' pipes 1. 'ailing into tli.'in, and. to liisa.l.liti.mal
dismay, the ladies comm.'nee.l iiiiili-.'ssing. Th.y w.r.'
di\.'st.'i! of tli.'ir a|ipar.'l almost as .pii.'kly as was
Nosk.iloska, their entire lialiliments .h'sccnding at a
drop, on till' sash, cti-.t.'ia, luiiii; 1111.11111. 1 .Vflcrthat
th.'y tripp.'.l lightly into the r.sp.. li\o hallis lie
was .Ir.ssed ii.'arly as soon as his I ost. ami th.y l.iiili
lelt the apartm.'iit tog.'tli.'r, lli.- li.L.'s i-hatting to liiiii
IIS he went, ami appi'ariiig to In' in the ciij'iymcnt of
the most pcrlc.t h.ippimss
I'.iit this «as mil all, A fl.r I li.' liatli m ,is o\ i-r ami
they were stamling IomciIhi-, 1,1 ,■ if lie male all. 'ii. I-
ants present. '.1 himself at tic .p. 11 d.inrway, ami kne.'l-
ilig, uttered 11 lewwor.ls in a lou lone, .iml tli.'li i.lired.
It was an inlimation lliat the mid d.iy repast was
piipari'd ami in r.'a.liness Noskoloska h'.l the way,
ill.' la. lies followc.l him. ami iiir tra\eller followcil the
la. lies, Sii.li was the m.!. r of pro.-.'ssi.ni, They
iis.'cn.lcd a llight of steps, liiaiiliiidly Ln ipienil, int.i
a tliir.l r.i.im richly gilde. I ami In di/.ciu'.l with oriia-
ni.'uts, o\crl.i.ikiiig th.' av.nn.' lea. liny to the p.iicli,
ami a Hording a gliiiipsi' ol' the sir. et. ami .if the moun-
tains licyoiul, 'I'li.ri' wire fmir small l.ic.pi.'rcd lahl.'s,
on each of wlii.li lay the aciisloimd iv.iiy chopslii ks,
the HUiiill Jiorcclain cup for tea, ami the larger one of
la.'.pier w.irk for snki, the small glass cruet of soy, the
porc.'lain spoon, ami the silver fork.
Talil.'.s wcr.' arr.ingid roiunl the r.iom. and two
siivaiits in gossamer show.d th.' \ irgin la.ly ami the
Knglishman, as gii.'sts, to tli.'ir appoint. '.I s.'als inid
tahl.'s. The former wei<! wiiliuiil harks, hut prnvi.lc.l
with three legs of ehony woml, and toppi.l with tigiircd
velvet. Iiotli tahl.'S ami stools w.-r.' lower than lio
.says 111' could have .l.sir.'.l. ami th.y lia.l th." cll'.'ct .if
imlucing liim to ext.'iid his l.'gs a in.ire than iiMial
.lislam-.' across tin- room, nature having ehvated him,
he estimates, "pr.'tty conshlerahle " in the world, that
is to siv, some six fc.'t or more ahove the staniling
level.
'I'lu! lirst course was a .1111 of saki ; tin' sii-nn.! a
small .saucer like jilat.' of soup, an. I, ..I' .•mirse. tish and
lie soup ; the tliinl was lli.' saiii.'. Imt made from a
iliHircnt variety of lish. ami tlii.k. r than the tirsi ; th.^
fourth was a t'ragm.'iit of lolistcr .'a.h ; tli.' liftl , a w.ll
lla\ iiiir.'.l potage .'f lilii' herhs ami lie; tli.' >ixth. a
s.'.-.iiid supply of saki and ]'i.'.'i's .if wliraiiii cak.' ;
ill.' scMiilli, one small niu.ilagiiioiis sln-ll lish I'licli,
whi.-li was as siigL.'.'>li\.' of a snail as .Mrs. Noskotoska'.s
original nindo of .Inssiiig h.'r hair lia.l fceii siigL:esti\e
of a lull riijie, liiit ul.i.'h |irove.l ils.'lf very .1. li. i.nis ;
ill.' .'iglilli, and liiLil .-.iiirs.', consisled of tc.i ami c.ui-
fectionaiy, tlii' la>t nieiitioiicl In iiig the clinicest he
lia.l ever eaten in any |iart of the w.irl.l. 'I'he meal,
on the whole, liulit, as the ri'tidcr may easily sujipose.
However, till r.' was .me canse for satisfa.l ioii ; it w,is
remarkalily e,isy of ili^i-^tion, so minh so, ihil he 1. It
di-p.i~i'il tor a liis.nil an Imnr al'lcr ihc last .niiis.' w.is
.seive.l ; and he tie. lares that he is hy no jiieans a eor-
nioiMiit.
.M'ter the .'ullation was over th.'y .l.'sc.'ii.l.'d into the
I saloiiii of amlii'ii.'.'. and so.m to tli.' vcr.indali upnii
|wlii.li its w iii.lnws .ip.'iicl, ami while liny tmik tli.'ir
scats on the lliiiisicst looking of la. ■i|ii.ri d licneh.'S, ami
survey.. 1 the li.'aiilics of ili.' gaiil.n prospect licforc
ill. III. They had Iiol h. .11 ill. re t.-ii miniitcs, when he
.saw the two nnis.'s, hcfore sjii'ki'n of, Inaring the two
I'll i I. In n of Nosk itoska, thiea.liiig llieir way .l.iwn a sid.'-
walk from the house l.iwar.ls the I alliing ,saloon. The
movement wa-< siunlaily oli-iived liy ill.' olh.'ls. lii
ali.iut t.'ii niiniit.'s nii'i'.'. .hiring w liiih timethev li.id
heeii seive.l with t.'a alid p'| 1 s. ami the l.idi.s with l.'a
only, the host aii'sr, .^,i\ inur, " < "me and hmk at n.y
wif.'',s .id'spring, ih.' smis iipnn wlmin I ii ly im- the
)i.'rp.'tnalioii of my m. inory ami lli.' t'ani.' ot iiiy good
.l.'c.ls," He p.ililely a,ssiiili'.l. hut hail snine f.'als that
lli.y should find tli.'in, as well as lli.'ir niirs.'S, in a
.oii.liti.iii 11. it the most ]ircseiitalil.', a.'.'.irding to
I'.iir.ip.'aii i.li'as. " /// /iiirin iiiiliinililins.'" sai.l he with
an .lir ami \< ok rather jocular than aiiythiic: 'Is''.
Noskoloska s r.'spoiiM' wasthat -mli was im ohstacle,
of no cons.'.pi.'iic.' wlialc\ir ; tln'V w.r.- all \ irtiioiis in
Nipi'ii.
So they s'l oil. iiirii and w.ini.n, in ih.' same unier
of prii.'.'ssi.iii as that aili>pl.'i| in imaing from the
lihrary to the dr.iw iiig-ro.iiii, w.'ii.lingllnir way llirough
gloves ami llow.'rs, and a.'ross hills and \alle\s. nil
th.'y r.'aeli.'d th.' Iialhing saloon. It was luiilt with a
conical roof, ami s]ii.'.i.liiig l.av. s of fignre.l lilies
I'ov.'iing a c.iiiipa.t matting of liamhoo. On tin?
c.ini.'al summit of th.- iiml 1 he ligiiic of a .'ranc, cant in
silvi'r, was giaeefiilly |ii 1.I1..I, Th.y .nler. .I,as h.' had
anti.ipat.'.i, jist in lim.' to Iiml th.' w.iiii.'ii ami childr.'ii
occupying the honouiahle reccpluiles hclorc ineliti'iiieil.
w
too
AI,L ROUND
Kicli liiil Olio of tl)o boys ill Iut iiriii'), wlmst' lii-jul
only \\;i^ Im>|i| iiliovo w.iIit ; Iiowimt, lliiv ill :l|i|ii'iin'(|
lo lie iii|oyiii;; till' iiiiiiiiiNioM Miy iiiiii'li, jmlijliij,' liy
llii' !,'ii,';liii4 of till- iliiiillTII 1111.1 llu' siiiillii;^ lillli,'lilc'r
of tlii'ii- /(^' /.ivv, (•r./-., I'or Hii.'li llii'V iiiiiilit. ri'.isoiiMlily
111- .mIIiJ, \\Uf\i llic iliplli of ilic- \v:U<'i- is liikiMi into
roMsiil. lilt loll, 'I'Ih' .l.i|i:iiir-.i- st I walrliiiii; ami
ii.iiiiiiitii; till' |ii:iiik-< ol' (lie rliil.lii'ii. llici l.ulii's not
omitting' to t:ilk to il'ciii 'rill' niisi's, li.' fonii.l, wiTi'
no iiioii' li islifiil tli:ui (liiir IIII-.I ir--~;, or were tlii'trsi
ol' till' 1.1. Ill's of till' ciiiinri'. ii'il no li.inii \v:is llioiii^lil
ol' it. MO liniii I'viT I'linii' of il . .•iihl In' llioiiL;lit wil
>l<wk:i tli.il III
.III
inil ll \V IS ;l 1
rfci llv oi ilioilox, Ai
>i lliiit iiiiioi'i'iii
tlllll Vllllll', Willi
■!i ir.i.lrrist ll' of till' woiiii'ii i.f tlinl
VI.— THI'' INTKIMDU »>1
.1 M' \N i-; :i roiiiiirv of ixr
'ilillL' 1
lllo. I lir sU V llio-l 1\ I I, Mr, nil. I I 111'
1. 1. Ill ll. Niiiio'l ll. lull mill il.'i I'.
I'lilliiiiit \i
I't.il loll of M siiiirkliiiL; i;!
\ iII.il;i
'S llllollllil
till
.1.
Iiki' (ill
pill'
•f ( 'iiiii.i. Mil
il-i.'llllU. I-
M> llOllSO
■iislniil
ii;i (111' lull siilrs till
1 lore ni'iiio i li.msi's
\i'r\ » lirro
;ri .11 li'iiiiili
if til'
1'
t ■ I l;iii-iIi'1ii
■|i forth liMiii till' llowi'i-
rili' .l:l|l:llli'-l' nil
•:i|>i' L;.irii. iini','
Will
1.
I'lliiii: i> 11
'iiiitrv I
if 111.' K.i-l : III
Hiiiii 111 111 .i.i|> in
if 1 1
u' liiiiiilirr ol
III of t
IT^OIIS 111, I « ll ll
if I I
\"-<V
I'tllMll
if li
ir luriHTuis ii'liiiiir
y.'.irr\ in-,' on riTriiioiiinl
fkiil.
V iiiiliisi nous
ti.'l
ll vill
11,'l's. Mil' .'III
k<' llll
:i.'ti\ilv ami a .• nii^l.-iiil luilili
vaiu'ly IS yivi'ii li\ iiliiiiini^ ;iii
.•iiniisi'incnts oi
.1 oil
f ililf.'
Willi till' l.lll.l. Illll
I kiiiils. It
1.
ill'
lOll^ll lllllll'l"''
from |oifi;,'ii I 111 V I
11 illiiii:.' llll sur|'
T' 1-1 111;,' lr:lili'.
xil known.
«if ll
:irll\ll\ an
II' mil rior of tin
I'ustoni, I'.r iiiiw.iri
m-f i:o\f I nor I'l iiio Pm.li i.i loiv
' Yi'.lilo to I'onv.'N ) 'I. -nils 1. 1 I ill' 1
iiiinly iinli'liti 1 to ihisi' |i.ii iilii.il
I- li.'i n l.'anit llll I'l till' trill' ol lli
"f III
.l.'i
iiii'si' .'iiiiiir*'.
Till' I>ui.li m'M'i
iiiiMiii; tlu'si' inissioiis iiii| rcssiM
;iii' t wi
iiiiilfv wlii'fi
III not.
liiiiiilr
ll.
in till if most |>.iliiiy
•ll oltii ials ami folio
1 iiniiii' of si'.-.iiiiL
I'll. llll liy ti'ii tlioii-aini t'ollowi
•V I wi'iiiv ilnnisiiii'l.
rill
li,-l
joiinn-v Was
I'lli'i-lri
vM'i'ii a |ialaiii|iiiii aiiil a si
'iliii .1
I ii'ii' all' iiiiiiii'iMiis variilii's.
11
111. If. Wlio I,
• I a 1' •!
iioliti'iii'ss. as I.I till' li;
alllioiii.'li
li.'f,
.1. Ml
11. w.iMii'ii. an
si. .11 on till' wav. tiinii
Ml
.1 III.
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN. l»l
tlu'NI' illtlTPstillK jillinirVS won' llll' lrMI|iic^, (■lllr ipI licil\ i \.iii,IIM i|, |i:U |1ii|IS .MC |irl II I'l almvc mII, Wdllll'U
wllii'li lirliiiii; 111 |ici nihil- jtiIh, I'm. i>|' tln-^c. llir ;iic |iM'\ ciidil |iiissiii ,' ilis'^iii-.i'il in nn ii . ilnl Iicm.
Ikkii Svii, liiis I III' ini.iL:!' mI onlv "iir i^'mj, A nihln, :i ! I'm y umI I lii-< llini' :iri' I wn 1 1 v >'i^ l" rii>s>. » il li smli
liniiif iiiil iiiikniiwn l>> tin' (iiii'ks :iiii| liiiiiiiin.s; iiinl iin nii|ii','n'l iriiMi' niiini' tliii :il| I niM'llii . | ill jl ilil'
itK |irirsls iimiiT iiinl i':il iiniil. Ni'iii SiiiiMi,'i' is n liiiiillv (< h f;n«ii nf .Sii'lmlil), ;iiii| wlmli Ims In lir
riilii|iliiir lire srvrnlri'ii Minis in rinnnili'iriiri'. iiml ; ri'iissrcl im iiii'ii's hIiihiIiIitm 'I'liis luirciit is sn li.ilili'
wliii'li \Mis oil! in till' tinii' i>t Kn'mjili r, mii' linniiri'ij i In sinlilin liscs lli:il im linili{i' run lir Imill nvir it.
iiiiij tliirl V live vruis lii'lnii' it «;is niriisiiri'il liy Siiliiilil I 'Mil' ^iiinl KnHi-vninil, iiC tin- s.inic IiciliIiI iis I'lliiii,
At. 'rriikii Siilii MIC tlii'tni:il simiiil;'', mill lit KiiyiiiiMsi, rnnii's imw in si;;lil. its |i(Mk rlmlwilli |ii r|Mi ii.il miuws.
null, nr !i|i|i iirrilly liiiiiili' ili'|"isils. I n I III' iirilii|" l,it;ii 'i'ln' .lii|iiiiir>i' niiikr |iil;,'iitii;iL;i-< I" M-. miv --iiniiiiit,
is :i lrni|ili' III Kiiiii|iil'n, tin- ,l:i|iiihi'Si' Ni'|iliiiii', In \\ liiii' tin y ;,'ii to wiii'.-,lii|i tlir iji-iiins nC tiiii|H'sts. 'I liis
wliiiiii I'lli'i'iiiLfM Mil' niMiItt III siiiajl ruin, iis iilsn ut' siiki. iiiiiiiiiImiii iiii|iMi'ts ii rJKiiMrli'l' III' ni:i;{liilirriirr til till'
till' rill- liiir 111' till' iiiiiiiliy. Olil Irii's jjrnw in tin' « Imli' ■• iih' Ah hiiIii- nl iimnks, rulliil \'Miii;ili(p~i> m-
viriiiity 111' till- lrni|i|rs : ii |iiiii>, iil. Kiiiir/i. is ilrsi'iiliril M i hiiiIm ill l!iiii/i's, ilwills mi its II. inks I'li'sunil .MimihI
liy {''issrliir .IS liiiii'^ in lii> tinii' (I."'''.!-) niiii' Iniii'liril I'lisi, llini' is tin- imky ili;iiii nl' Kiikmii In cins-. «illi
:inil I'iijlily llirri' yi'iii's nlil. 'I'lir Ikii'Ihiiii' ul' llini^n is n iiiililMiy iiiiij |iii|ii'i' sliil mii nf tin' Hiinii' iiiinii' 'I'lii'
|iiiitrrli'il liy .'I ;;iTiil lui'iik wiilrr ; lirynnil it. is llii' ii' kikrs.iiiil ri\ ris iil' lliis ilisli ill, iiliuiiinl in ^mIiiiihi iinil
nnwnril ( Hiii.siik.'i. 'I'liis is, imli'i'il, tlic liunilsnnn'st iiml Irmit 'ril>iii;;li tills ii sIimii^^ii stiny, il liin-, nl' Iliis
riilii'st. rity nt' tin' i'ni|iiir, .iml wlii'ic tlii'iilii's iinil |iiiliii' '~l:iliiii; A .lii|iMni'-i' niiiiiii^ril In ^il tliinii;<li
iiinnsi'iiii'iits nf nil kimU iln ninst .'ilinillnl. Iliiiiriln uitli lii^ twn cliiiiliin, :i Imy mm>I :i >^iiI tlir killii'
nil li'MV rllrfs iiufi'i' in r:illiiii; i( tlii< I'.-iris nf .lM|iiin. ' ilis;;niMi| iis ii liny. ,\ 111:111 « Im Kiii« llii' ili'liii(|ncnl,
It is .'I ikiv lllni it IlilH llrlH'i' In Mi.'ikn, 111' .Miv^lkn, I lirr.'llrllril In lii'hnniiri' lliln lllllrss III' |i.'lli| liilll II hll'u'i'
till' I'l'siilrnri' nl' till' M iki'ln. nl' snvi'ri'i;^n |iniilil)'. Till' Sinn nt iiinnry. Till' tiilliir \\;i<\ il nut, .sn lln' ni-in
rilv is ili'si rilii'il iis Iu'Iiil; viliiiitiil in -.i lii'.iiil iliil v:illi'V, ri'tiirniil In tin' pilr lunl InM \\li:it li/nl li;i|i|iriiri| 'I'lm
wliiii' Wiiti'i', vri;i'tMlinn, rliiiiMli' :inil sniii'i v iiiiili' In i'\i-il('iiii'iil. wiis ;;?riil, I'm- il. inni-rrmil tlir In mis nt nil.
I'l'liilrr lit'i' lii'lirlniis. 'I'lii' rity is i's|iii'i:i|ly ti'limil Tin' nUiii'l' mi iliily ni.iii.iuiil In iiMiiil (\|.n-iiii' Iln
{•■|'i nil sill, "till' t'ily nf 'ri'niii|iiillily " Iliin is llii' sinl nil' nnnllnr Imy, l.lliii!,' I lii' tat Ihi- In !■ mM' llii';;iil
I'nil'il, nr I'l'sidi'liri' nf till' si .\ i'|ii;;ii pmilill'. .Mikmln, niii| n-iiiin «illi llm tun liny^ W lull III- liail lliiis
lli'i'i' iilsn nil' till' tivi' ^rint nrnilriiiii'^, ruli nl' wliirli |iinviil liiinsilt' in tin' iil'IiI, Ih' I'liM, in alii nt li^ili
is sniil In linast nl' its llivi'i' lliniisninl IIm' liiiiiili'i'il niali' nn;^'i'i', kill I lii' ilriiniiiiri'i'. 'I lii> liil lirr nri'ni'i|iii'.4lv
|iil|ills. Ili'ii' iilsn ail' tlin-.i' «nii. linns li'iiijilrs Willi III nrni'il In llii' |iiist willi llii' I wn linys, nml Innk llll'
llirir ;,'iaiil iilnls, wliioli i'\ iliil .il mn i' iln' siii'|iri-.i' liiiil :is In I In' sniiiiii.'iiy iiimli' nl' ilis|insiii;; nf tlir iiiaii
anil I III' ii'r nl lln'nlil I r.-iM-IIri .. ' 'Iln' i|i'\ il rmilij iml wlm ha. I l.|iiiii;lii I. m ami tin' nnaiil in In imiiM,'.
Iiiv I' sil^!ni'^liil In 1 1 in|iiin|- a I I'll Iil T nil 'a lis nt Tin' i|.' 11 i|il ;;i\ 111 n| I |n' ia|iiial nf I lii. iin|iii r liv
s|i('niliiii4 liis iinnii'ii-i' I riasiiir^.' cs.j.iiMiril llm Kii;. ilnl njil Ir m iji 1 -. Iiilly rnn i.l.mali-. I Im ni rnl ililnils Iraiis-
Simiiiai'il, jtnii Itmln^n i\r \i\i.r,.\ \ 1 la-.in, in |iiii:i miltiil In ilns iniiiiiiv. Iln' slnils nn' ilrsiiiliiil a.i
>|i.'
Vi^iti
iiii; liniiinnisl "ih'Ms n
till' I Il nl 'raii'asnia. tl
ii' siiiii' iini'iiiiiiiniiiiu
riiii; w 1
n-r siili'inlnl iililiiis laisi'l In linii-,is nf
tl
Ir, l'ii;illa|-, |ia\ 1 il al I III' si.
Illnil Willi
• 111' -lm\. al
i| nl a niiilmiii stvli' nf liiiilil
till' llli'lllnrv nf a niall " \vlln>l' snlll i - in llrll Innll I'll
ninliL' tlirlii nil' liialiv lai';;i'i'
I nililili]
III
l\.' .\iiil III- inin hull's Ins i'miiini|ilil ini nl .la|i.iiii--i' In li'mil nf ihi'si' iiiai;.i/iii
'"r
[s ami iii.'i;4a/iiii';
,f 1 1
illnr
fully ami iilnlatiy hv .s,i
.srrilij; sn iiinliv li'iiil
\ 111',',
I III
I was wiaiii'il Willi
,'IIV llll
lis. ami niiiaii
till' ih'N il iiM'i' till'
I"
ll fnl'tlll' |1I1WI'I' nl .lllil |il'n|ilii| liy II.
rM'l.llllatimi
iii.nl
Iln
ir pailniilai si;,'iis
w Im iii\ili' piiri li.i>i'is Willi imisy
A III -h
m
■arts nr iaiii.iL;is an-
'I'lii' iiiissimi, wlilli' nl \liakn. was |i|irri| iiinhr tin- allnwiil In 1 iniilali' in tin' sImi'I~, sIiII llin iiinMinrlil,
I.' miU allnwi.l ami Ini^lli- nl this ininii'liM' i.i|iilal. Is I'liipaiiil with
iin.>t I'i^iil sni'M'illai
mil |irii|'
In visit It. " nailinli n rmiininii .l,i{>ani
r\ |i|i'-.s|iill w
hal
IS iinl w II II III I 111' 111
.^l 111
-IniNni I,.
In siynil'v linii ntlirialh nr «liiii I In' .ml lim il ns ilin,i. \'ii|i|n slainis at. tlir rxlninity nl a L'ulf. ni islii.ii\,
In I'liiM' tlii'ir ryi's ii|inii what is ln'iii;; ilmir ai;aiiisl w
hii'h is I. .1 h
iw-^ III
l.s, I III' I.
r-i'.-l nf will.-
if llll' III V. 'I 111' waiir is
{■"inln Mlak" In ^'iihln llll' Inissinn fnlliiW-i'll tin' shall.
I'nkaiila, llm iin -I l|-ii|iii iiliil nl'all llin urnat lii;^liwa\
II ^'l'l|lln il-ilf, hi-l
lalli
n'l' 1 i.a>l 111'' \ 1
llll Iml-
*lli:i''.-|«a.
.\l.'
tin I
I ..-|- IS ('|-n-...|'l|
ill A:
Kii'iii|ii
•.\ llll liaM'lli'il fnill' liliH's alnii:
iv niiiiii rmis
l.inL'i-. llll- i-hiif nl w
llrll Is ralli'i
I .Ni
tills I'linil
n-si'its thai il is ihiilv tr.ivi'isiil l.y n
1:
p|' till' .1 1 l-i
if Jaliaii. ami all I In' ;^i-n),'i'a.
|ii'ii|ili' than till' |iiilil!.' slli'i'ts nf llll' ;;ri'al ritirs ni' [.liinal ili-laini -I I In- riii|ii|-i' iili' i:\i'il linintlial |iniiil.
Kuin|ii'. W'l' (aniint liiit iiiia;,'iiii' t hal thi'ii' is in liis, Iln' |ii»n ilsi'il, wlmii stiitrhi-s ni. n;; tin' liay in a
as 111 iiiaiiv slati'iinnls ii'iatiiiL; n
III, lillli'tl I'V
iki' sh
llll', IS frmii lillv tn si.Mv nulls in nr
aLilJirnl imi 'I'lii' rliii'f tiavi'lli'is siim In Im 1 1 in prii s I'liiiifi'ii'iiri', ami Hin |in|iiil,ilinii is r--linialril liy ilitrrniii.
ami llnir siiiti's.
lis, I'ai
W
larl IIS nii'i'l, .IS « Il II
h ki'i'|is his riLilit liaml Half
i,,l
fi'niii mil' inillmn i'i'.^lil liiim
is till' liltli' tnwii nf .\rra\. win it llin li:
lliis mail twn niillnins ;iiiil a half nf I
'■'lllallv llllill n
I'M'i-, III Inr
111 llm.l.-aml tl
In is lint, llnW-
.Mi.'ik.i
laml-niiii' a-
iHia-aka. It
iWi'- r^ llhlnt'li-
III 11
III L'M'al |.:
Kii'iniifiT writtiti Sininii^i ; 'nmiilirri', Sii
.Niis,ik:i
III III Inivi' Ih'.ii .l.slin -ll liv till
iiiiil l-'M.ii'lii
Il .|ii:ii r
II' lll'l'sllll'
llv nf
if I
11' >iii'.'iiii-, ai.it (lai'l ly
llv Inllnln
simv.
IliTi'lllliiT 'S.\ |S,"il 11 I. ,1, -.iilii.l :|4 li;ivili/ Milliili il Inn
111 ill;:
I'l.lllllll'll't' III' tlil
III II |Hi|iiilaliiiii ..f .sn.niiii. |i i^ ilii. r, nl ,. ..f iln
I. I
Ihi' fashinli nf till' |K
ami tlin f till' Vi'lli
.1 tnW II - W i
I'l'S nf IJali
CilVnf I'l'k
liii|ii'rial {lalai I-
I- allnr
.1 Nimvi'li,
ill- a Inw II w ilhiii
I'liifn
llll' P'.kIh lillnl'il ul .\:lL'.lsilki Iiml
tlii'ir iiiuikt'l lluitv. It if tiiujoui I'ur ita fuiiuilru'S nf c i|i|i('r.
ill ;;nrili'iis watili'il l.v ili riv.itimis frmii iln;
ivi-r. Il laki's llii'i'i' Imiii-s In walk rniiml lli' iniin'iiai
inlnniin . (Mlii'r jialiu'is jiro gnjinicil aiiiuml tlm bniii*
I!
'I t
IM
MA. ROUND THE WORLD.
Ill tilt' scivc'i'i>i'4ii, iiitiiiiic; wliiiOi nrc t)ii> ri'^iiliiiccs lA' llic
<'iii|ii'('ss. Ill' ilii' iniiii'i's nt' liloiiil, III' till' niiii'iiliiiii's. iiiiil
111' till' rliirl ii|'i.-i'i> lit' ,s|;ili'. 'I'llr illl|ii-fi;ll iilrlii.sllfi'
is ill iilli-l' :l liill.irr ;il|.| ,1 |ilisiiM ;l X'i'I'.Sili IK'S illlll II
li.i.stilli' — I'l' ilii' aw - III' i'tii|iit'lli' life so M'Vi'fi^ iiillii'
liiLflii'i' r.iiiks, tli.it ui li 111 iiiv III' till' ollict'i's— lis wit li
till' l.ni'il ( 'liaiiilii'rliiii iiini iitlii'fs — lift' in out' I'uiiti-
iiihiiis iiiiil wc.ifisHiiii' iiii|iri>iiiiiiiriil.
VII— AlliS AM> INDrsTUy Ob' THK
.lAI'ANKSK.
N'anii \^ VKi i>,iii iiii|iri-ial I'lwii, line lit' tlic tiini';:;i't'iit
I'itii's. uiili Vi'il III. Stk.ii. iiml Oknsakii; iiml tlii'i-ctin'i'
wliat i' I'liiiiil ill its shops ami lia/aiir stalls may I"'
t ikoii as a i^ooij s|ii'i'iini'ii of what is ;;ciii'i'ally to lie
fiiiiinl tlii'oii:{lioiit till' ('iii|iii'i>. At mil' stall our naval
iiiis-ioiiarii's foiinl miri'osi'o|i(>s in iirat iiioioci'o cusi's,
trli'sco|ii'S iiotiiiil ill stllf |)a|ii'l' casivs. slili dials, iiilfs,
M' ill's, oil H'ks, kiiivi's, s|iooiis, ;;iass-lu'a(ls, triiiki'ts, niul
iiiiffors — all of iiafivi' iiiaki' it|iiiii l'',iiiM|irili Mioilrls —
at riilifuliiiisly small |)i'ii'i's ; si, mil tt'lt'sro|ii's oiii'
sliiiliiiit; 1 ii'L,'!' oii"s— i'.|ii il t > Oollaiiil's —livi' shilling's '.
{••aiitifnl t ilih' il iiks, with opi'ii works,' ami watiT
|irii.if |ii|M'i' oviTi- I lis at riL;liti'i'ii|)i'iii'i' ciii'li ! This
lii'iii:,'s ii> to a iMiisiiliTalioii of .la|iaiifsr iiiiliistry.
'I'll!' .Iaii!i"~i' ai-i' an I'Xi'i'i'ilinu'ly iiiilnslrioiis uiiil
i lifi'iiiou- |i • i|il" aiil ill fi'rt liii m iinil'acHii'i-s ari' .siir-
|i issi'il liy no nil imi
anil faliinct niak in' tuolx, iiartirnliirly saws, inailr ia
.la|ii'.ii, .|iiili' rinial to iiiiy Knylisli tools of a similar
kiinl. Tlii'V ail' cxici'iliiijily i|iii< k ii olisirvini; any
iiii|iriivi'iiiriit lii'iii|i.'lit in anioiii; lirm liv f<iiri);ni'rH,
Mioii maki' thtiiisilvis ina.stcrs of it. ami lopy it with
i;irat skill anil rxaitlii'.'W. Tlii'V iiii" M'i'y txja'rt in
(■arvini; nietiil, ami can "ast nirl. I s'atiics. I'licir
io|i|ii'r coina^tu i.s wi-ll stiini|ii'il, for they arc f;oiiil
tlic-sinkcrs; and .several of their opi rations in metal
arc earrieil on in very liiru'e ami «ell-orilernl nianti-
fuetorics.
U'lxii/. — No ])eo]ile Work lietler than tlicy can in
wool] ami liamlioo. ami they jiosscss one 'ii* iii whiili
they excel the woilil: this is ill laii|iieriii^' Moml-work.
(Mlur iialioiis have atteiii|iteil withoiit .siueess to (i|iial
them in this ile]iartmiiit For this ojieiatioli tiny
select the finest woml of fir or cellar to he covercil with
varnish. They get the eiiin from which llie\ )irc|i;ir(!
the ^.ll•nisll from the ilinn nriii.i—n tree which is
aliiiiiilant in many ]iait ol tliiii cuiintiv. On |iunctiii'-
ini; the tree the jiniii on/i s out, of ii liylit colour, ami
of the loiisi^teiiec of cicalii, lint on ex|iosiire to the
air ;;io«s thicker ami lilacker; it is so tians|iiirent,
that when laiil on woml, the u'raiii anil every mark on
the w I may he seen tliioiiLih it 'J hey ohviate thi.s,
howiNir, while it is ilcsiriilile hy jilaciiij; heneath the
varnish a ilark L'l'oniiil. one clement in the ciim|iositii'n
of wliii'h is the tine slnili.'e caiiL'hl in a troimli niiilcr a
L'rinilstom'. 'I hey also use for the |iiii|iii.--e miinitely
.\f,t,iU -T
silver, aii'l. iieleeil in all tl
ifiin, it i^ s
cminlrv i^ ii
ley uoik HI iron. iii]i|ier.
mihl, anil liiilveri.seil ch.iri'oal, ami sonietime.-. i.'o|(l liaf l\
le metals tliev have.
I If M'ly line, 'i'liey then ornami nt the varnish with
.|iiiseil the sii|.|ily alfor.leil hy their lil.'i"''''< »'"' Ih'W. is o| ^n
M
Il la
'II
lev inake.
still fhcv have extraetcil the .mhI thus v.irnish seicni
metal f
it iniii
I'll II ^U 'Il nil
as tliev
IS, ihsks, caskets, caliinet>
h
|l|i"r IS \eiv
isM'ss. ami wroiii'ht other arlliles, e.Meeilin^ly lieautltiil. of which s|
iliiiiulaut, ami tliev mens may he seen froin time to time in Eurii|ic, am
111
linilersl.lllil jiel
ores.
■I'.Vllv Wi'll tlr
if Ircatiii'' the this eoiinliy.
It
IS s;ilil, lio«e\ er
that the hest siieci-
ainl |ire|i ariii;,' the niel.il lor in irkel m- lor iiiaini-
aielis are never si 111 out ol the kit i;ili
ttietures.
as yet iin levelo|i
•\,~t^. ami |ii'iiu
lilv to an extent
(.'/,(
Tl
lev know
how to niake this article, and
'il : th ' ill'
to |irove lar
At
1 i^ll - ll'e IlKelv, we till
lor.iti
Ilk, can niaiiiiliictnre it now for any |inr|io.se, hotli coloured
L.'e on I'llllh 'f ami >'l''lilili' eX|i|olMtl
any rite. I li -ii'
.s-areity of it lor t!i ■
Tliev liivi
II 11 i\v to he aiiv
|iar|i
■> to i illi-il tlleV alijilV
k
whi,-l
thit t
to,. 1
I |ilo lui'
>ih'i- iiini ■
lo.v to make
wliieli llii'V wi
rk. Till
and lion colonred Formerly the\ did not know how to
ike the (lal ]iaiie for window jjlass ; and inohalily
it. what they make is an inferior aiticle. as they still ]iiir-
la.-s from the l)uteli to j'liiid inli>
chase thick mirror
iliiii il
ions 111 111
•tals
Il ■ iillii'iil ell'e.-l Tliiinhei-L.' tl
,/„
This ihcv liiaki
iiev woik Willi m'.'.al
illl 111 what tliev cal
rfcctioii llciii the tl
iiid sonic say in greater
iinese can.
At
any late, sjieci
thev
■II.-: I'll s IS a iiiixtiiiv if L'olil .111 I iii|iiier, whirl ns we lia\e seen ol ..aliaiie.se |iorn lam are very
fine hliie ilclicale and I eantifnl : tlioiii;li some w riti r.-- tell us. that,
Thi'V owing 111 the exhaiisliiiii of the lust clay, they cannot
niannfai tiire such as thev onceeoiild.
Ill- \MI 11 I l>
or ink. 111 ikiiiL' II a
ir hl.a-k, liv an nl iiii
to K
•-leel, all I I'-l
nil a' t ii'ir swnr'
-M;
I'lis ailniiraolv.
Cioi-ks .and w.i!
tlle^e thev ale Hot ell! i
,11-e aho Ilia'
le liv tliciii. Iiilt
(H this thev make an aliiiiidalice, as well for
ilid to the nieiil of invention; willing am
ii'iiitin
is lor laji-lrv, liaiiilkcrcliii fs
thev havi
.1 I
I- nil r,i
niav hesiilof liieir a-l roniiinical iii-.lriiineii
iro|ii'iii models. The .same lnn king cloths for goods, il-
ll is i
ifdill'i
lint (iiialiti
ts ; till
■ me ol It as M
ft and llexilile as oiir cotton cloth
111. I
ke very well tin; nielallic |lol'tiolis of tele
.I'oiii's. tve
,te
Indeed ihaliisid for h; lidki n liiefs inij^ht I e mistak
en
iiiv niirr.ir gliissi-
Iroiii the
Isi'S. Till
Dull
ihicli thev t'"l' cloth, so far
lomjh
id llexiliililv ale coii-
I iniif ii'ture eerneil I he material ol which it is n.ade is the hark
Illl
grind iiiio >iiitilile leiisi
e.xe.lliiit nielallic mirrors; and we saw cariieiilcr.s' of the ninlherry (;»eyv/.v /K/y.^/i/imn. and the ].!( cess
Icscrilieil as
foil
ow.s : — 1 11 I 11 emliei
' Till' .Tapiiii
ili\iili'il into twelve limirs iif iiiu'iiiiiil
shed its leaMs, thev cut i If the hi am lies ahout tlireo
after the tree lia.s
t th
lllir.ltinlt, il'
1"
111 lit' il i\ liu'lil III- ilarkiu'^s ill ciicli
liitl'iT-, llliTl'I'nre. Iriilll ours; ill
Mil' tlir iliiil i- I'll in.'i'il I'Vi'iv iiniiitli: in iilliers, tlie iiiulinn nl'
lifiiirui_'
leiigtl
il.iv. till' iliil 111 tl
.Ir
feet III
then liollcd 111 a
il tie t
II in nil 111 lilliiil es
th.
I'V (if allies in a covered kettle till tho
hark
slirnnk that lialf-aii-imh of tli<
e w 1 niav he
ll.c liamls is n.:;iil,iii'ii liv an ii.i.'riiiiiii» ail:i|itatiiin of Hi'iu'lili', anil seen |iroJecliiig ai either o
d of the 111
AVhi
iiKnawMl III il.TiT.i-i' 1 liiiirlli anil |ii' I'liliiiii
tins ilisrr;ii'i.in, wliicli. s.ivs Cai'tnin
1 .'liK'k iif tl
.'^iiit'ai il 1 l^liiiMi. rriMii its
ell'
VUll'l'
ami till' lir.iiUil'iil w iriiiiian^iiii ami I'liaMii;,' I'l' tin
lev have liecoine cool
111 water three
ti'iiiir, wniilil liuve bwii lui uiiiiiiin.'nt aii.)rtln'iL', was imljf piiciil
at itliiiul Hi.
naked
lit, when the tine 1
the liiirk is .striiijied olf and
four hours until it hci'on.es
ilfwith a knite.
ilaik skill lssera)iei
Till! cuiii'iic hui'k ii) thuu be|iara.lcd ii'om tliu tine ; the
CHINA, COCntN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
19S
VHITE MULBERRV TREE.
RAISING WATER
new Ipimih-Im'^ make llif rnii>l |Ki|icr. 'I'll" Uiiil; is llicn
Ijiiili-il aii.-iiii in t'ii->li ley, (•(■iiiiiiiially stirreii with a
stii-k, ami fir^li watii' t'mm time tn tiiiir iuiili il It is
tlii'ii put iiitii ii sicM' ami t.il i n t" a luin.U, ami liciv
tlie liark is inn'ssiiitly htirml until it Ihiuimo a tine
])iil|). It is tliiii tliiowii iiitii \\al<'r ami si|iariiis in
tli(U'iiriii nf iiiral. 'I'lii-. i> put iiitii a small Vr>-. 1 uiili
a ilcciiriiiiii iit'i'iee ami a >piiai'> nl' //ilii.^'ns, ami ^liiied
until il lias aitaim'il u tulcial.li' cunsisti-m-c. Il h llie^.
pciiiii'il inlii a liiLii'i" vcs-i'l, t'lum wIh'Iici' it is taken
imt anil put in the t'urni nl' sheets mi mats in' layers nt'
gnuss straw ; tlie>L' slleel^^ aiv laiil out nne iipiiu aiioilier
with straw lii'tween. ami pnsseil lotiine the «ali i init.
At'ti'l'this they are spreail iipiai lwiaiil> in the siin ilried,
cut, anil f;atliei-eil into laimlles tni- sale 'I'lii- paper
will lictlei' enihn-e t'iililiiii; anil last Inii^'i r than laiis.
Wi'i'i'ii /■'■ilirir'i. — They make silk, the lit>t ul' which
is sMpeiiiif to that nf l.'hina The lust siiks al'e wuvell
hy eiimiiials nf hi!,'li rank, who are eontineil npnii iv
small, fiieky, nnproiliietivi' islaml. ilepriveil nf their
prii|ierty, anil mailf .n snppnit theiiisehes hy their
lai.'iur. The expnftatiun nf these silks, it is saiil. is
]i|nliihitei|.
The have hiit small skill in piiMhtcini; entlmi t'a-
hries, t iiiii;;h siieh are minle. Knr many piirpnses tii
which we ajiply elnth of enttnli, ihev use the e..aise
spipiiyy paper to whieh we have alhnleil. They iii|uiri;
wnolleii elnths, fur the winters are eohl ; but «e helie\e
they make mine. Imlced they have no sheep nr yn.iis,
anil therefnie laek the materials from whieh to make
woollen cloths.
I,i'(itliir. — I hey ennvert the skins of certain animals
into this article ; hiil all those who have an\ thini.' to
ill) with the makini; or vcniliiiir "'•' leather are i.nleai-ts
from the rest of the pn)inlation, ami universally pie-
scriheil. Thi-y never apjilv the article, as we ilo. to make
shoesor other coverini.'s for the feet. They harilly ever
wear shoes or slippcs that are not maile of plaileil
ritraw. The siioiv are always the sliaM'ie^l ami most
Swkwanl ]iart of the ilress of the .Japanese As they
ire of straw, they couseiiuently list hut a little time. |
vuu I.
Hut tliey ai e iiiaile In iiiinieiise niimhers, cost hut a trille,
mill may he hoie.'hi in ever\ l.iwn ami villa;;e in ilie
I'Mipire The peile^liian. lhi|-,|'.riv. ilirows awavthe
I 'Id pair IpV the ro:|il -ide. and l.ir, > lir« noes as he i;,,,.^
lion-, Vilille the lIMle p|-i .\ hli 1 1 1 III III takes two i ]■
tliiee pall - « illi him nil si utile,'. I niiiien~e niimln i ~
o ■ I III >e dise.ii-ded >liM.-^ ni.iy I'c Iniind on ihe --ides n|'
all the rn.ads. In uM ue.illier lliev ue.ir iind. i- the
sline a Wnodeli eln:,', wldeli is attai'hed In ilie In.ii iv
ties of pl.iiled st law , I >i'_'niiaries .sone I inn s «eai ..-up-
pers made of line rattan -lip- iir.itiv pl.iited.
Atjrii-iillnir. — .lapaii i> \ir\ nioiintainous. as we
have tdreaily stateil. hut wiili the i\.,piinn of that
portion of the eroiiiid en\erid ly the mail-, and hy
tile uoimIs 1( I't to -111. ply tindui- and eliarmal, nearly
e\er\ loot ol ^'rollhd, to the \erv tnps of the moun-
tains, is cultivated. (•! annuals to a-si-t in ciilliiii',
they have the liorsi-, o.\. anil .a larije .-pe.irs of liullalo,
"liii h lliey train to draw i.irls. .ind e.irry hea\\ l: Is
on the hack. 'J hi y plough u illi Imth the o\ and en <-,
tlf milk and hiitter they mak.' no n-c, \\ Inn ihey
cannot use cattle to plough, as oli the steep sides of
hills, men aie siihsl it iileil ; and sniiietimes the plnin;h
is laid aside, and all the lahniir in preparini; the ..irih
is done liy h.'iiid (Icia'ially their .soil is rather | r,
I'll' l.\ means of the imnieiise l.ihoiir they 1m -ii.u upon
it l.y irriLTalion, ami cspei-i.illv hy the ii-e of ihanures,
wlihli llav umlerstaiid well, they I'.ii-e \,rv lar;;e
ern|.s. Till ir chief iir.aiii is rice, of which tlnv are
said to produce the he-t in all .\-ia They aUo make
liarley and wheat. 'I'he lir-l is .-ed tor Iced ini; the
cattle, tl iliri i- no! minli \aliii d. .ind is cliii ll\ Used
for cakes and soy. This last is made hy fernieiitin;,',
iiiidei' i^round, wheat with a peculiar kind of htan ami
.salt.
Next to rice in inipolt.ince. is the te.l plain. This
wa- not ciilliv.ited ill .lapaii hefifc the oe^iniiiiiL; of
the ninth ciiturv. when it w.is inlrodiiced froint'hina.
Immen-e ipianiitie- o| it are now produced, for its use
is iiiiImi-.iI. i'.e-idi-. Ill'' plantations devoted to it,
the h d^'es oil the t.aiiis ure all oi' the tea p'.aiit.
194
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
Siclmlil M.iys, tlio tiiicr kiml^ roqiiiro great ciri' ami
Hkill ill tlir I'liltivatiiiii 'I'Ih' |>l.iiil;itiiiiis arr situatcil
aw t'iir as tlirv I'Miivcnii'iitlv ran I"' iVmii all nllicr crniis,
ami IriiiM all lium.iii lialiilatimis, lest tile ciilicac y ciC
lilt' txa sljiiii'il III' iiii|>aii'iil liy niiiukr nr any utiii'i'
iiii|iiirily. 'I'lu'y in iiiiiii' (lie plants witli ijiicij anclm-
\ ics ami Willi tin' Jiiii't' pri'ssnl mil nl' iiiiislanl «'i'i|.
'I'lii' lifirvi'sliiii; is a |>riic'i'ss cif utrat nii'i'ty. I >l'.
Sicliniij lliinks thai tlic ^'I'l'i'ii ainl K'a<'k tra art' t'luni
tin- same planl. alnl iliHi'r cnily in tin' liloilc ut' pi'cpi-
raticiii ; tliiinirli ullicrs liavi' saiil tin' plants tlii'iiisclvi's
dilU'i'. Nrii lirr, lidWi'ViT, arc cmt drii-.j mi mppiT;
liny art* Imlli diiril in an ii'mi pan. licans ot' various
kiln Is art' pr ijiici'ii, ami smni' nilni- \ i'^i'iai>l.s Scvi-ral
I'llilili' I Is arc caii't'iilly ciiltivalf.l. I'licy i;i'i>\v tlic
iniilliri'i'y trt'f in great, alniiiilaiiee, t'nr llie sike ot" tin-
silk wtirni, iiinl alsn till' iiiakiiig paprr. In lAm tlidii
lliey make a coarse sinjar t'rmn tin- eaiic ; in N'ipon
they inaiiiilacliire it IVoiii the sap ot' a tree. Onr
t'aniii IS ileeiii it a part ot' their Imsiiiess to rear siieli
animals as we use tor I'ooil ; Init the .lap.ine-^e t'.irriier
is mostly a Itinllhist, ami lares mithing tor animal
I'oml. riie I »iil. h, a L;real while ago, introiliieeil smni'
shi'e|i and e,,:iis. .iml some ti'W in ly pos.silily lie t'oiind
in the kill!.' II. It' attended to, thev would thrive
vi'rv well, I llif reliiiioii of till- n.itives fmliids them
to eat llesli, and thev do not know how to maiiiit'ietiire
the wo.il and hair ; tieiiee the animals an; little \aliie I.
They have, also, a few hogs, whieli were origin. illy
lirmiuht from t'hina. They sell them ti> the Cliinese
milks, which are allowed to come over to trade. The
I hiiiesc sailor has a passion f r pork The hog thrives
uell. and liceomes very fat in .lapan.
Iliii-hiiillin;',- in thisdepaitmeni, lln' .lapaiiese are
\iry skilfni. Thev possess the art in a wonderful
dt'i.'ree either of dwarling or of nnniliirally enl.ir.:ing
all ii.iiiiral proilmtioiis. .\s :in i\ideii.i'of the tiist,
may he seen, in the niini.itiire gardens ol' the towns,
perfectly m.iliire trees, of various kinds, not more th.iii
three feet high, .ind with hc.ids three feet in diameter
These dwarf trees arc ol'lcll placeil ill pots. Fi.soher
Siiys he .saw in a lio\ four iiiclies long, oiie-and a half
w idc, ami six in lieii,dit, a hainlioo. :i lir, ami a plum
tree, all thriving, and the latter in I'nII IpIossoiii As
p root's of the l,i>t. .Mayliew tells us that he saw plum
trees cover 'd wiili IpIossoiiis. each ot which u.is Imir
times ilie size of the ca'diage rose; it piodutcd no
fruits liowcM'r. lie also saw radishes weigliiiiL,' from
titty to si.\ty pounds; and those of lifteeii pounds wfre
not at all iincmiimoii The tirlrccsare reprcscnicd as
heing t'orced to an enormous size ; we :iri.' told t'l.it the
hranclics at the height of scvcii or ci,dit feet from the
gi'iaiiid are led out soiiicliines ()\ cr ponds, and slip
ported liy props, so tli.it they gi\(.' a shaih" armiii 1 the
tl'ic I liicc hundred feet ill iliameter. Tin' ccdir tree
is a tree which reaches a ;;reat si/e.
Siiviiiiiliim.- l-'orincrly the Japanese made voyages
in vessels of their own construction to ( 'lai-a. China.
.lava. Koiniosa, and other places at .some dist.ince frmii
their ov. II islands ; hut when the I'iirtilgiiese were cn-
|iellt'tl, a decree was made that the n.itives should not
have the country ; heme na\ig.ition dei lined. Still,
sliia't coasting voyages .-ire ni.idc within the lioiin-
daries ol the kingdom ; and lishiiig-smacks go to st a,
lint not Very far from the coast. This coast im; trade,
however, is large ; and the Japanese use fish for food
^o e\teiisiveiy, that the niimlier is immen-i' of thesi'
trading lioats and liaLiiij^sluucks. The Jap.inese have
the conipiMs ; nnt divideil, however, into iis mmiy piirtii
as ours. The construction of their vpssels, as to model,
is very clumsy ; ami, as they have .seen iiml exuiniiieil
many Kuropean ships, it may secni strange that a peo-
ple so skilful and ingenious should not. ere this, lia\c
lmpro\c>l in naval arcliiti cliire. The fault is not theirN ;
the fict is, that liny have, in more than one iiislaiiee,
\ liiiill Very i; I vessels after Knro| can n.oilcls ; Init the
I law has inieifercil, liu' a speciid ica.soii, mid n I an led
' improvement among u people whose insular ]iosition
woiihl li.iM' made them sailors, and whoseipiick pertip-
' lion Would have made tliclii good ones if left to thein-
st'Ucs Their craft are, liy law, niade with the stern
I open, so that they eiililiot Wealjier an djieii anil heavy
' Mil. The smaller ones licxer. if they enli lielp it, go
out of sight of land ; and ipmi any thii ateiiing appeiir-
j aiice of rough weather, lliey iiisiaiilly inn in to imike
I a liarhmir. The ol jet i of this law of ciiiislrnction is
to keep the natives al linlne
liitfrmil I null' In/ l.m il inn/ W'liti r — This is large, re-
sulting from the \allil\ ol)il mince atU'rili d hv ihevarit ty
of climate, and frmn the imn ense | i|iulat:i>n. In iiiaiiv
places tow n .joins on to tow n. und village on to \ illage for
miles. >o that the loail looks like a continued .street.
Kceiiiprcr thus speaks ol the ]o| illation: "'I he country
is imlecd jiopnloiis hiyoinl expie-.'-ion ; and one wtaild
scarcely think il possildc that, he ing no giealer than it
is. it should. III \ ei'theicss. iiiaiiilaiii and support siicli ii
Vast iiumlier of inlialntants The highway s aie almost
one colli iiiiied 111 fvi.lagcsand lioroiighs. ^'ml seaii e
coiiic out of one hut yon enter ;iiiotli<'r ; nnil you mav
travel many miles, as it weie, in one strict, withoni
knowing it to l.c ci mpo-i d of many villagi's, save liy
the (litli'iing naiiK s that wi le fiin ci ly given tin in. and
which they alter retailn d lliiiiij.li ji iia d to i neaiiolher.
It h,is many towns, the i hii t win n nl may, of a ccr-
t.'iiiiiy, vie with the iin st con>iiliial le in ilie world for
largeness, iii.'ignilicenee and lililnlei ol iiiliahitalits. '
Kcempler says of Jeddo, that he was i lie w liole day
ridinu' at a inodcralc jun e. "fliin Siliiii;aw,i. where the
siiliiirli liegins. along the n.aiii sIk el. \n Im h go, s aeros.s,
a liith' iriciiular indeed, to the i ml of the city."
.\s to ihe v.iricty of ilinialc. the .-oulheiii part of
the kili;;dmii leaches down as far as llie twelity-
foiirih deoiee of north l.-ititinlc, pioilines tin.' siiuar-
c.iiic .'iiid the ti'ipiial flints; while the noithcrn,
extending as high as lilty dignes, yalds the pro-
ducts ot the tempi late Zones The Inilier.il wiallll
of the (ounliy is \ery gnat, the inaiiiifactiiics
numerous; and, niidi r such cin iiin>lanee!<, the in-
ternal tr.ide an.oiig so many | eopic is neio.s.sarily
acli\c. (Mtlie l.icihiic;. for cairying il en. we remark
that goods are ciiii\cycd l>y land liy ji. ck horses and
pack o\i n. and that tic loads me cXi elli lit. and kept
ill .'idmir.il le order. In the riiLgcil and iiKaintainmis
parts o| the enuiiliy, will re the nail must ]i.'iss, they
ni.ike it /:i;/ag on the side of llie nionntain. and, w here
lieressaiy. cut steps ill the rocks Inoecd, the mails
miisi lie kept in order, otherwise they could not
arcoiiiplisli what they do hy their postal arraiigeincnts.
As anioiig the ancient ^lexiians and IVrin inns, the
jiosi is pedestrian, and 'cry expi ditimi.s. Every
carrier is acciini|ianied hy a Jiartner. to take liis place
in case of aniilenl. The liicii nm at the top of their
speed, and. as they approach the end of their stiige,
lind the relay wailiiii,'. to whom, as soon as they are
near enmi^dl. they toss the lias,' of letters, when the
new viinners sei oil' licfore the coining ones huvo
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
I9«
Htopppil. XotliillCT must l)(^ ilitcrpfiscil tn ilrluy tlicrn
11 iii'iiiu'iit (III tlic riiiid, 'I'lii' liiitlnst |iriiii I' tlii'
t'iii|iir(', with all Ins Iniiii, iniisl, m^ki' w;iy fm" tin'
|ii)sl llli'll. if III' llll'i'l llli'lll nil till' rnllil W'lirll^ lU'l'CH
siil'V ;iliil |>l'.ii'tliMlilr. nil till' i'iiikI. till' •lM|iiilirsi' lil.'ikr
l,'iiiiil li|iil:,'i'i, iilti'li I'f sImih' ; lull llii'V ili> Mill Mi'i'lll III
Ihivi' ai'i'ivi'il Ht till' iii'l i>r nniiii'i'iiiakliiL,'. Suini' jiriii
ri|ili's lit' rivil I'liiillii'i'l-iii'^ tlli'V llliili'|--.l;illi| Mini iijiply,
liiit of iriililaiv I'liiiiiii'i'iiiii; llii'V kimw imlliiiiu. I'lit,
lii'^iili's tlii'lr I'iKiils. ilii'v ii~i' tlnii' I'ivi'i's iiml iiiLiiiil
liiki'-t t'nr iiiti'iiial Ir.nli' win rcvii- it is pDssilili' ; uiiij
ill tliiisc [iiirts lit' till' kiii',"liiiii iii'.iifst, till' M'!i, |iiii
lialily till' (,'ii'iiti'st |Hii'l III' till' iiil.iinl Ii'miIi' i^ iiiriiil
im liy tliti livi'i's, wliirli, tlioiiijli sliiiil. HIT mmx inaulr
for Soiiii' mill's into tin- ilili'i'inr. On tin' luail, in all
jMirts of till' i'iii|iin', slaliirs, Ira sliop-^, iml utli.r
ri'stiiii; plan-' iM-i'iir al iiili'i-vals, atjil iIh' ili-.iaiii-i's aii'
n'i;iilarly iiiaiki'il
Si'ti-iitilir l\ iinir/itliif ii.iil I/.1 A/i/i/ir{(ti ./iv \Vi' liavi'
jiist sijij llial till' Japaiiisi' |iii.-.si'ss siiiiji' kimwli'ili; ' nt'
till' pi'iiii'iplis lit' cIniI iiii.'iiii'1'riiii;, I'Ih'V kiinw smiir
lliiii:,' III' ii.allii'iiialli's, ini'i'liaiiirs. ami liiLC'iiiHiii'-
I ly. Tims lliry lia\i' ninsiriic tfl viTy l,'iiiiiI maps nf
tlirir iiwii riiiinlry ; lliry liivi' iiii'aslllril llii' lii'ii,'lit nf
smiii' iif tlii'ii' iiiiiiiiitaiiis liy tin' liainiiii'liT ; I lii'V liavi'
iiiaili* siiiiii' vi'i'v jjiiiiij raiials: lliry liavi' rnii-,i nuli'il
waliT mills, ami latlii-s iiinvcil liy wain- pnwrr 'I'Ihv
iiiaki' rinks : ami. Ihti'Iii, liv tin- way, tlii'y liavr slm^ n
ri'iiiarkalili' iii;;i'iiiiit v ami skill. .Mrylaii yivi's tin-
fiil|iiv\ iiiir ari'iiiiiil "la rlnrk wliii'li liny maili'. ami
i'\liiliili'i| 111 till- l>iil<'li. wliili' III' »is all iiiiiiali' nf
hi'ciiiia. "Till' iln.'k," .says In', ''is rmilaiiii'il in a
Irami' lliri'i' fn't lii;.'li liv livi' Int Imi','. ami pi'r^i'lils a
I'.iir lainlsi'.'ipi' at linnntiilc. I'liiin ami rlirrry Iri'i's in
full lilnssnin, with lltlll'l' Iri'I'S. ailnril tin' fnl'l'ljl'nliml.
Till' li.ii'k;;i'niiiiil i-nnsists iif a liill, finiii wliicli falls a
rasraili', skilfully iiiiitali'il in ylass. tliat fnrnis a
.snftly-llnwin^ I'lv iT. Iii'>t wimliiii; I'mimi rm'ks placi'il
lii'ii' ami llll'i'l', llli'll I'liiiniiii; ari'nss tlic iniililli' nf tin'
lamlsrapi' till Inst in a wiiml nf lir tn.'cs. .-X Ljniiliii
sun liaiiL;s alnfi in tin.' sky, ami. tiiniilii; iipnii a pivnl,
iinlirali's tin' strikiiii; nf tin' Inniis. ( )ii tin' fraiiii'
lii'lnw, tlin l«i'l\i' liniirs nf till' ilay ami iii^iliI .110
inarkcil. wlirii' a >ln\v|y-i'ii'i'pinf,' tmlnisi' mim'n as a
iiainl. A liiiil. pi'ii'liril iipnii a pliiiii-tri'i'. liy its .sum.;
ami till' I'lappiiii; i<i' its wiii!,',s, aminimi'i's llii' iiinnii'nt
wlii'li till' liniir i'.\piri'S. ami, as tin' snii;^ rrasrs. a lu'll
is licani to sdiki' till' Innir. iliiriiii; " liu-li npi'iatinii. a
niniisi- rnini's niit ni' tin' ui'nttn ami niiis nvi'i' tin' liill.
* * * * Kvt'i'y si'paiMti' part was niri'ly cxi't'iiti'ii ;
liiit till' liiiil was full laif,'!' fnr tin' linr, tin' siiu fur tin-
sky, whilst tlii' iiiniisi' .sciliil tin' mniiMtain in a mnmi'iit
nf tinii'. Wliatevi'r may have Incii tin' ilrfrits ni' it,
the iiiL,'riiilit.y ami taste ill this pirn' nf linTliaiiisin arc
vi'ry apparent.''
A far uinri' I'l-cilitalih' iiistancf of thi' iiii;('iiiiily ami
talent nf a Japaiii'.si' tisliernian is relateil in the |)iilrli
iiiiiials nf Di'oima. It iiiiiirreil iliirinij; the presiileiiey
of Mr. hiielf. The Diiteli at liatavia. iliirini.' the war.
li'areil the Kii;;lish I'inisrrs Inn nnn-h In si ;,il nin' nf
their nwii ships nil the aiiiiii,'' \ nya;;e tn •lap.ili ; they
therefnre iimre than mie.' hiieil .Vmerieaii \i'-.-il>. t Mie
(if these haviii;; taken in ai I )i'cima the iisiial earun nf
fnpper ami iaiii|)lini'. as she si t mil at ni^^lit, strink
iipnii a rnek in the hai'liniir, lilli'il,aiiil sunk. The eiew
reai-ht'il the slmie in Im.ils. ami 1 he am Imrities nf N'ai.'''i
saki, the Dutch faetniy. ami the Anieiicaii captain.
were nil alike coiicerneil to devise iiieaii.s of raising the
vessel. ,)apa?lose ilivf>rs WPPo S^nt ilnwn to fetch \l|)
the ciippi'i'. liiit the c phiii' |i;ii| ili^siiUcil, ami I ho
etlliivia thus ilisi'iijiiyi'il cn>t Iwn nf the (livers their
lives. The iilca of uiilnailiiit.' her was then aliainliiiicil.
Mll'nrt.s were then inaile In raise her as >lie w.is, lint
wilhniit sucn'>s .\ simple tishi'i'inaii. naiiieil Kisiinniii,
wild miw, perhaps, fur the tiist lime in his lilc. saw a
Kiil'npeaii iiiiilt ship, for he iliil Iml live in Nagasaki,
proiiiiseil to lai'^e the ship, pmviiliii'' his expi lists in
i|niii;{ it were piiil; if he iliil i,nl siii'ciiil. he askeil
liothiiiL;, lie was l.niirheil at hy the pi'n|,|,' !,,i' his pic.
siiinplinii; Iml, us the case was Impch .>. ||,,' pcnpj.'
inlcreslcil pcrinilleil him tn inaKc the aMimpt. .\<
liiw tiile, lie f.islelieil on the siile nf I he \ c-cl lifleeli nr
seventeen linals tnijetlier lirmly hy pi nps ami Slavs
lie then w.ntcil fnr a spriie,' t iile, when he eaiiie in a
.lapiiicse ( -.tiiii; \e>M'l, w llii h he at lachcil lirnii v tn
the siei n nf the sunken ship, ami at llie iimincnt the
li'le was hiiihcst he set every sail nf e\ irv Imal. The
.■-iinki'li vessel w.is lilteil, (li.si'iii,'ai.'ci| IVnni the rnek, ami
w IS Inweil hy the li-licrmali In the sllaml where she
cniilil lie unlnailcil ami repiircil, i''ia>sini's sav.s
he was hamlsonicly rcwanlcil for this. The rcnlcrs
will he aliiu~i'il to learn that his lewanl idiisisliij
in heim^' allow ci I to wear two saliics(w hich is the hailye
nfelcvalcil r.iiiki. ami In heir nii his cn.il nf ainisK
Ihihli hilt mil III-:) Ihi'rit liJiii. II, I. iji. s. \\eha\i' lie\ir
rcail in any naiialive nf tlir cir. iinistance that liii
rcceivi'il any iiiuf // In suppi.il his rank. The |)iilch-
maii ami the Ainerican captain slnnilil have foiiinl that.
Iftlie circunist.iiices hcl I n chan-c'l. ami cither llnl
lamler nr ^ aiikcc ha'l r.iiM'il I he m-^m 1 Im the .la pa nose,
il «niili| \ci\ sunn have heen intin.alcil tn the natives
that twn swnnis, with the picture of a l>ulih hat ami
two tiiliacc. pipes, all'nl'ile'l M'ly in.'nlcipiale i'niii|pi'li
satinii till' .sinh a vahiaiilc service.
.l/i(//('///('. — .Ml the wiileis nil .Japan lILlee in the
slllclllenl. thai nil the vi^it of the |)lllih plc^iilellt to
\ eililn, his l'!iirnpeau pliy>iciaii. w Im accomp.iiiieil him,
was always \islteil hy the n.itive physici.ins, ami eloselv
ipiestinlicil on pniiils purely pinfovi, 1, Tlnir nliject
was I 1 (.'in iiifnrni.itinii. Hut thes alrcu'lv kimw .soiik!-
ihiii:;. liny have imt. hnucMi', av.iileil themselves of
/mil ninrii'iii I'X.'iiiiinalions either to investieale ili.seiiso
n|' In sillily an ilniiiy. We cannnt Mippnse that tliev are
wilhniit nppnilunilics nf thus ,ici|iiiiiijLr kiniH Icilj,'!', fnr
we reel that, aflcr a eiiiniii.il i> cmtiiIi .1, it is nni nn-
cninninn fnr his hmly to he iiacknl inin pieces hv the
yniinir iinliiliiy that they may try I he eili;e ami teinpcr
nf their swni'illilailcs. lint snpcr.'.tiiinn is in the wav;
'11 eollie ill I'niitaet with the ilcnl i^ (Icemecl pnllulioli.
Without such i'.\amiiialinns, it is nli\ imis thai thekiiow
Icili,'!' nf the pliy.-iciaii ami siir;,'eiiii mii.-'t he imperfect
at iiest.
There are. Imwcver. in .lapati, nriuiiial imilical wrnks
islaiilly appe.'iriiiu' ami traiislatiniis are also iiiaile of
all such as I hey can nhtaiit in the hutch laneuai,'!',
which they I'csl umlcr^t I. The Mumpca cilical
1,'entlcmeii, w hn h.ivc cume in cmitact with their prn
Icssioiial lircthre I nf .Jap.ni, repnrt f,i\nur.ilily nf them ;
.'iml Mr Sii'linhl ^pe.lks with liii,'li pi.iiM' nf the zeal
with which the native ph\ siciaiis thrniii.'i'il arniiinl him
liniii all parts nf the empire, scckili!,' tn 1 iilarye the
stnre nl tjicir kimwlr.U,. ||,. l„.;ir.s testiiiioliv also tn
their iiilcjlii^eiicc. as ,.\iii,-, ,| l.y the ipie>liiins they
askeil. .Vciipniicturc mnl nmxa linrninL.' are hnth iiseil
in .l.ipiu. ami arc n.-itive invi •'linns. rinv iiave an
niigmal irealisu ou the lirat and the proper ea.sc;'i for
1
' I'
V I
'I ill-
I I
198
ALL ROUND TEIE WORLD.
it« us«^. Tlirir (lriiir< nro ninntly aiiiiiml ainl vcurtiitili' ;
tlicy iiri' 1 1 "I litlli'iii'i|iiiiliiti'(l with 1 liiiiii>ti V to vi'iitiiii'
iipiin iniiii'ial ri'iiic'ilii'M. 'I'liiy si inly incilii'.il l>iiliiiiy,
liiiwt'vi'i', with ^'I'l'iil iitli'iiliiiti, jinil llicir ri'iiiriiics mi'
s;iicl t(i III' uniiiMlly I'lliciuimis. Sdtnn <it' llii'ir iiicili
liiml |iri'|i.iiMlinii-i mr vi'iy ii'limikalilr, |iriiilii('iiit,' most
Niii;,'iiliir flli'i'ts. Of llii'si', (lii'ic in nim H|inkrii liy
TitHiii;,'!!, will) Haw itM n|i|ili('iitinn uml h.n ('iiiihi'i|iu'||('i'.h;
.iii'l I'luiii siiim' iifllu' iillii ri's iit'our own fxprililinn wc
li:iM' lii'iiil lit' tlii.t |iri'|i:initiiiii, lit' wliicli, «!' lii'lii'Vi',
tlli'y li:iM' limilnlit ll'iliU" s|iri'illirlis, 'I'ilsilijjll tliUS
writfs : — ■• In^ii'inl nt' im lnMiiii,' tin' limlirs ut' tlii' ili'.ul
ill i'iil)il|s lit' II lrliL,'lll Mll'l lilr.lillll |il'n|i<i|'li<i|liltr to till'
-lilill'r mill liiilk 111' till' lirri'Msi'il, tliry Jiliiic till' liiiijy
ill a tiilii' tinri' t'l'il liiu'li, twii t'i'i'l mill a liall' in ilii
iiii'li'i' at till' |ii|i, aihl t.\ii t'l'i't at tin' Imttiiiii. It is
illtlii'llll til I'nMl'rivi' ImW till' ImmIv III' U UI'ilWII |ll>l'Mi|l
I'aii III' r(iiii|iri's>i'i| into s<i small a spni', wlirii tlir
liiiilis, ri'iiili'i'i'il I'i^'iil liv ili'iiili. r.iiiiiiit 111' lii'iit in any
way. Till' .l.i|iiiii'si' til wliuiii I liiaili' this iiIim'i-
\atiii|i, tnlil nil' that tliry |iiiii|ii 1 tin' ri'^iilt. Iiy
nirmis i;t' a |iarti>'illal' jMiwilt'i', riHr<l i/n.iiii. wliiih
thi'y intiMiliiri' inti tlh' i'mi's, nn^lrils, ainl niinith
III' till' ili'i'i'asi'il, iit'tt'i' vlili'li till' linilis all ut (iini'
ai'unirril astii|ii>liinj{ (li'Mlnliiy. As tliry |ii'iiini>iil
111 |iirtiirMi tlu' ('X|ii'riiiii'iit in my iutsi'iu'ii, 1 wuiiM
nut (111 iithrrwiM' ihaii Mi-|iiinl my Jinlniin'iit, li'si
1 shiiiilil riiinli'iiin a> an alisuiil liitinn a lai't
whii'h, imli'i'il, Mir|i.i>--rs mii- nmi r|i inn, Iml may vil In'
Mi^ri'|ililpli' nt' a |ilaii>ilili' r\|il,uial inn, r~|ii'i-i.illy liy
i,Ml\anisni. tin' Iri rlltlv ill-rnM'li'il iMlirtsnl' wllii'llalvl
a|i|iialri| In t'\r r.ltin' linlllnls iil' ii .iliilily. Tin' ex
|ii'i'imi'iit ai'ni'<liiii,'ly tnnk |il.iri' in th< ninntli ol't )('tnlii'i',
IV^.'I, will M till' inl'l was [iri'tly scvi'i't'. A ymini;
I Mitrlniiaii liaviiii; iliiil in nni' t'li'Inry, ut Uocima, I
ilili'ftril till' |iliy-ii'i,iu to ciilsi' tin- limly tn 111- «a>lii'i|
ami h't'l all iii^ilil rsjui-i'il tn thi' ail', nil a talilc iiiai'
ll |ii'ii wimliiw, in oi'lrr that it iiiiL.'lit lirrnini' cniii-
I'li'li'ly stiir Ni'Xt innrniii',; si'vriiil .la|iain'si', smin' nf
llii' nllifiTs 111' niir t'ai-tniy ami liiysril', wi'iit tn cxamini'
till' c'iir|isi', wliirli was as hard as a jiii'i'i' nt' Wnml. ( Inr
111' thr inti'r|iri'tiis, naim'il /I'lihy, ilri-w I'rniii his Imsnm
a «(((/.»'/,■ nr |Hnkrt-l)nnk, aiiil tiiiik lint nfit an olilnn^r
|ia|M'r, lilli'il with a inaivi' |inwili'i', ii'si'mliliii;| .sami.
This was tliL' t'aiiiniis i/ii\iii |iiiwilii'. Ili'|int a |iim h
iiitn till' cars, aim! 1 11 'I' iiiti tin' mistrils ainl a thin I in In
till' nniiith; iiml |ii' ntly, whcllu'r fi'nm tin' I'll'fils nf
this ill ll;;, nr Miini' tlii'k wiiicll I (.'nlllil Imt iIiIitI, thr
arms wliii li ha'l In'l'mv lii-i'ii ci-nsMil nvi'i'thi' lp|i':i>l.
ili-n|i|n'il nf tlii'm--rl\rs, ami ill lc^s than twenty niinuU's
liy tin,' wali-li, tin'l'ily rfruMTcil all it> ih'Xiliilit v.
" I utti'il'iitril I Ins jihcnnin.'iniii to thcai'linn nf .-.omi'
siilitli' |)oisnn, Imt was assnrcil that Uw <ii'si'i piuilir,
sii tar fl'nin lirin^ |inisnni'HS, was a n, .,; cxirllriit
iiii'iliiiiii' ill chilillH'.irinj;. fnr tliM- isi'S of tin' I'yis, ami
fur other malailirs An infnsinn nf this |iuwili r, t iki'ii
even ill pL'rli'ct health, is saiil tn liavi- viiliii's wliiili
caiisi' it tn 1)1' in ;{ii'al rii|iii-.-t aiiinn^ tin' .);i|i:iiirsi' ofall
r lasses ; it I'ineis the s|iiiils ami relleshes ihi'linilv
It is carefully tiiil iijiin a while cinth, ai.il iliiiil alter
heiiii; uw-'il, as it will serve a ;.'ieat nnnilifr nf tiims
witlnnit losiii;; it? virtues. The s ime iiilii>inn is L,'iNeii
In jienjile of iiiii.lily whin at the |iniiit nf ilialh ; if it
lines lint ]irnlniij,' life it |ire\i'iil^ ili;niity nf tin! liinlis.
ami the Imiiy i* nnt ex|in-ei| tn the iiiile lian llini^ nf
pl'iife.ssiniial pirsnlis,u eirellinst.iliec of.sniilc c'iil..sei|1leliec
ill a enunlry where rcs|ieet fnr the ileail is earricil even '
to excess. J iiad the ctiriosity to prnenro sniiie of this
I piiwiler, fnr which T was nlilii;pil tn seinl to tliijeo, or
lIleNinc I'lnvinces, tn t he temples nf I lie Sim Inns, which
1 eiijiiy the eXi|ll-iM' sale nfit lii'e,iii>c they piaelise the
I iliictriiii' of Kslinw |)ai;si, its iiiveiilnr The ipiantity
nlilailleil, ill cnlisciplellce nl' my til'st appi ical inn, was
Very small, ami even this was a speci.il laMmrof the
piicsls, who, otherwise, never part with tunic than ii
siiiulc pinch at li t me." Til^iliu'h. hnwcNcr, olitalm i| a
consiileialile ipiantity ufleiwaiils. whiili lie caiinil
I lioiiiu with hi III ill I 7M. 1 1 has thcappcal'mieeof Miml,
mill when it is pcrfecteil lor iise is as w hite ns snow.
It is oliiaiiieil on the iiiniiiitain of Koiisn^cii or Kin-
hcnscll, ill the |il'n\ luce 111' Vainolto, where tlieie are
in.iiiy iniiies ii|';,'n|i| .'iml >ilMr. The process hy which
! it is plepurcil is the scclel nf IIicm' piie-ls. 'I'hcir
knn«lecli.'e is ilniilitlos the loult nf acciilelital i'.\-
pericine, for their ucipiainlame with clienii>liy is mi
>lii,'lil that we may >alely cnnclmle they iln nnt iiinlcr-
>l.iiiil the ratiiiii.ilc of ils picpaiatinn
j Astr iiiiini/. ■{[[ this Ncicnee tiny have iiiinle very
I'liiiNiihralile pinlicieiicy. They nmlcr^lainl I he ii-.e of
Kili'npean iii^ti iimeiils, uml liavo caiiscil iiian\ nf tlnni
to he very smiosfnlly imitateil liyiialiM' wnikmen.
.Meylaii says he saw jjooil telescopes, clnniinmelcrs,
thei'mnmetcr.s, mill liaiiaiieti is inailc Ky •lapaiicse
mech.allic.s. They cihillate eclipMS in cuiately, ami
yearly alinmiaisme pnpareil in the Veil in ami liaiiic
ciille;,'es. {..ilamlc's tle.ili>es ami other asll'nhnliiical
Works liiuul n tian-laii i| tmni jiiitch into JapaiiiM',
.Mill are .-Imlicil with ;;icat milmir. They havi, in
tlieii ili\i>i..n of lime, a cmIc of sixty years, calcni.ileil
nut nf their znili.ic, which, lik ii-;, has twehe si^iis,
ililliliii:; fmni mns hy their namc^ only. j'liil tlii> i>
nnt the place In ciiii>iilcr miiiiitely tlnir .i.-l I'nmiiiiic.il
system. We caiinnt Icixc it, linwcMr, witlmnl the
I'cinai'k til It on a coiiip.'ii'isiiii of it wilh that nf the
Mnisias, an mnicnt, .semi tivilisiil, mnl nnw extinct
race that nine inhalnleil the plains nf Uniinta. in New
(■ranaila. lln- rcM'mlil.iie-es were sn slrikiiii;. llial liny
|irnilmci| nil nni' miml a cnir ici mi thai the a>irniin-
liiiial sy>lelii-> of the Iwnpcnple were Mihslain ' ."; .'. v
same.
\ lil.-.IAP.WI'lSK l.!TI';i!ATIl;r, ANI> AliT.
TlIK character nf art exhihitcil in I lie .lapam nc illiis-
Iraicil I ks ami their |iicliires, remiinls ns of the
ilc^i^iis (in one cnlnnri iipnii the Ml niacin mims. 'Ihe
same simplicity of cxprosinn mnl snhi iiicv> nf cnlniiiiiii;,
the .same iimxl r.n aijaiil expres-imi of ii.itnre. One of
thesi' sp'ciiniiis is a wmk in tw,i vnlmiics. written liy
llnf J'riine ILi\a-lii, a In L;n|i.ilnr nf the Aineiicail
Treaty. The sulj. ct tiealeil nf is "'I'he I'nints of a
Iloise. " ami the wnik is illiisir.iti ll hy a Iiiile niimlicr
nf pictures. These illiistratiniis me tmm wnmlcnts of
linlil niillliie, ami apparently prii Icil wilh a tint t<
ilislini;iiish each in the xariniis^rniip-, nf t he animal.^ hy
sillier .i.'1'ays, nils, ami lilack>. The st\le niiehl he
cla>se.| as tli.il if the im-ilia'N ,il, ami the In ises mi;;ht
pa>s flic tlm^c ^kl•lcllel| ill ilic lime of .Mliiit Jliinr,
tliniiuh »iih a iiinre rigid ailhereiice to iiatiiie. They
exliiliii, what may he iinticed in the l'.l;,'in marliles, a
lirei'd nf small stntiire and lin.'ly-fnriiicd liiiiKs, such as
are fiiiiiid in smiihcin cnimiiiis. The animals aro
leprcseiilcil ill \arinus at I itiides, enrvettimr, pimlinllinj;,
ami rnliiiii; upon the U'lnnnd, pnsitiniis icipiiriiif; .•iiid
exiiiliiliiij; ail aliil ty in fnro.shorteiiiii!;, which isfmiiid,
with no. small surprise, in Asiatic art.
i I
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
197
A .lM|iilMi'-<r iirli.st, i'MI|i|ciy('il to ilrilW a net nl' siTiths,
will iiiiiki' iiii skrii'li, liiit (li'iiuat iiiici' tli« Mii'iiiiiH |Hi|'-
tinliM lit' llii' liill<Urii|M', |>lltlili>,' ill llollsi'.t, Nliijw, licil-Ki'M,
trci'H. Iiirijx, iiini lit tiiiK'M piiinliii^ in loliii^i' willi two
lil'llslii's ill olir lialnl. 'I'lir I't'Mlll will l>i'. Iiol ii |iriicllli'-
liiili III' l|j.;|l .'lit, lull a lllllcll lii'tti'l' s|iirilllrll of ol'liil-
lili'lit il sri'i'i'ii lliiiii till' liiii^t |irrti'lllii'lis lit' mil' iimiiU-
riii'liiriiiL; rsiiililisliiiii'Mis liini mit. In liiirMr ilriiw iii^
till' .l;i|'Mlii'>i' I'Xi'i I. 'I'lif rlii.'ilii'S of till' stiiilii limit-*.
Aiiiii'irMii mill Kii;;lisli, win' rrliri"liiri'il nt oini'. Iiy
ili'iiw iiii.'n ill tnii' |irii|iiM'tiii|i, 111' till' wlii'li' I'liLjiiii',
with its wM'I'iil |iiirts |i|ip|'i'i ly |iliirri|.
A liiilii' li' Hull' illii-li'ilril priiiirr, |iiii'i'liiiM'>l III a
lil'okcr'x shill t'ol'ii l'i'« ( lillii'M' ciilil"'!' "r:i>ll," >lii.'i,'i'hl-i
iniiiiy |iiiiiits lit' iiili i'i"*l. Its illii>lriilii>ii> slmw a kimw
Inl;,'!' Ill' |icl's| IIm'. 'I'Iii'I'i' is a lilllriiliy |i|'rsi'llli'il ill
aii;;illiii' lM'l's)irrlivi", willi lis nil'ti'ls |ilari'il ill strii'l
acnil'ilalii'i' willi lii' ]ii'iiiri|i|i> nt' trlliillial ilii; llii' |>rl'
sjii'i'tivr lilies ill a \ alii^iiiii;,' |iiiiiil iilii'U|i||y ill tin-
liori/.iiii. Ill aiHillii'r iiai,'!' i> a liiiiiiuriiiis Taitai' llir
rules, a •faiiaiieM' .'>t. I'alriik, xaliaiilly li|'aiiili>liiii^' his
swiinl, ami eleaiilii; the lalnl nl' siiakr^ anil i'i'|ililis.
A<.'aiii, here is a ijiiainl nlil shi'|iiiian, |>i'ri'iii>r llii'nii'^li
a pair 'if s|iei'lai'li's .sHiek ii|ii'ii his nn.se, ami i.'i.ciii'
rxarllv like the iliililile eVe Lllasses now so lilshinliali!i',
«ithniit ,'iny >ii|i'-\vii'es In ki ip thiiii mi the heail, a
lilassyliilie ol' ti>h watehe'l hy a I'll, a rmiple of rhiir-
iiieii simikiiii.' their pipe-, a piii|'i'»"r ot' phi'i'iiiil"L;y
ineasiiriii^' the liiiiii|is on halil Inaileil ili>i'iples \\ il h a
pair of eoinpasses, ami other pietiires, eshiliilin;; liolli
laste ami hiinimir, ahoninl in this eliilil's lionk. We
lia\e none siieh al lioiiii', at siii h a prire
liooks are to lie .seen ill all the sliop.s — cheap ele
nientary wrnks, ami popular stmy-liooks or novels.
The people are iiniMr-ally tantiht to read ami lire
eai^'er lor inlornialimi. I'Miii'alion is ilili'iiseil throii;;li-
out the enipire, ami the womhii .share in the inlel-
leetiial aiKani'i'iiii'iil of the nun. The liii;lier elas.ses
of the .lapani'.se are Hot ii.'nor.int ol the ;,'eiii,'i'.'ipliy
ami eonteinpoi'.'iry histmy of the list ol' the woilil,
ami I'ollhl speak with knowle'l^'e of I'.-iili'oails, tell'-
graplis, pliiilof,'raphs. I'aixhaii i,'iiiis, ami sleainship.s.l
' On til.' il.'|iurliirr ..f ll.e I'liiiliii-y Innii tlii' ll:iy nl Viililn. a
stoiiui-\H''lit, Itr-'atrlil I'MT as a pi'i-cnl l.'i' tlii' l'aii|ii'r"i' fnitii the
(Jiii'i'ii of l*'n.jlaiitl. \\:is li;iiitl''i ii\iT t" till' ,l.i|'aii< SI', and " u'"t
slowly aiiiiiT \vi'i:^li, roiiiniiiii'tril liy a .Iii|'!itirsi' i-.ii'tain,' uiainn'il
I»y .litjiaiH'-i' sal. Ill's, ninl lirr iiiai'liiiiii'v wnrKi'il liy ,l;i|i.iiii'*i'
rii^iiiriTs. N(it\\i;listainliti;r till' lii'i'l/iintal r\ Ita.li'r-i, ami ntlier
lati'sl iiii|irnvi'ini'iils willi wliirli lirr eiigaii'S Here liltril, I lie iniii
luiil li'aiiil llii'ir lisMia will, ami iveie I'liiitiileiil in lln-ir pi.wi'rs.
We sleanie'l irallaMtly llifi.ii.;li llie lleels, tlie ailiniiatimi nl all
lieliolilirs, wlii'ilii'i' llrilisli nr ,la|'aiii'M'. " .Nut tlie li .ist reinark-
alile jiarl iil' this ilay's iluiiiL's," savs ('ajilaiii Sin rani (Klmrii,
"was the iii'iviiti; ami wnrkiii;; ul' tlie Eminr'ir, ilireetly slie
lireanie ,Ta|iaiii'si', timti r tin- niaiiap'iut'iit ft' u iial'ue eaptaiii,
I'lt^'im-er, anil ereiv. Her inai'liini'ty was nf tin' iiui>t rci'ent riin-
slnii'tii'ii linri/nntal evlinil. rs, trunk en^inis, an»i ntlier pern-
liariiii's. Yet they niaslereil all tlu'^^', uinler the I'lni^li^h ullieers,
al'trr a werk's iiistnii-ti"ii, having', et' e'liirse, pn'\i.'Usly iiniler-
stiLiil nil iirilinarv iihl-l'a.,liiiineil i'ii;:ini'. .Vl'ier jia-^in^ rmmil the
si{n:iili'nn, .she ilisi'iiiliiiiki'il atl her l'aa;li-h vi-it.n s. ami w liail
the jileasiire iifseein^ the yai'ht priteeeii tnwai'iU the eity tii lanil
tlie iini'erial enniiiii-siitiiers. .\t lir-st the .lapanese snj^'es'eil that
they shiMihl eall the vai'ht the l.niiiliin, iint nl' e.>ie|ihim'at tii iiiir
eapital, whieh aliine. they lu'lieveil. eniilil e<itn]iare wiih Ifieir own ;
liiit I'nr siinie reaMHi nr iitlier, they eventually iiannil her the
Jlnii/oii : anil as siieh, ll.I.M.Y. Iiriiii:,n will, ilniililless, he nl'
(.Teat use as a I'ieaMn'i'-liir.it to all hut the inipri-..ni'il inniainh
tnr whimi it was in'.iniie'l. .View w.ek* alter niir visit, nheii
the uinliassHilnr nf l-'ranee, lianm (ii..~, niaile liis app, .nanee in
the liny III' Yeihhi. he tniinil the />;•.;./..;! MeaiiiiiiL' ali.mi. anil we
hearil that his I'.xeelleney maile ninre than cine trip in In r, uiiiler
the sul'u diarge nl'a .rapaiieso captain uiiil engineer,"
l.\,— SIMODA.
A liASdK.lioi s navijjatioii ahuij,' an iron-limiml eoast,
iiml aero.',s u sea where siilphiirmis i'iiii'..siii|is, ami oeea-
sionally a Hpiirt of Ninoke alul a ri^ini,' of lln' wateis,
to Hay liolhiiii,' of the luaeoii of the simikini^ erater of
the •' N'ries \ oleano, ' warn the sailor of imvel ilunners,
le.iils IIS at last fi I the i|eli),'htl'iil hay, shellereil ami
safe, of Nai.'a-aki,' to the ilaliyermis llimiyli lieaiilifiiHv
siliiateil anilioi'ai,'e ofSinioila, a hall r so ilaiij;i'riiiiH,
tint it has iilreaily liei'ii I'haii'.'eil for the nearer ami
safer port of Kalia<,'awa liohl ^reeii lieaillamls iiiiil
al'iiipl rocky i^le' s lomeal the eiitialiee, anil imiiaM'
the li. inner ami ililliiiilly to saillli;^ ms.siIs in appioaeh
ill',' i». The town of Sinmila i.i mi the i>laiiil of Nipon,
mar the inoiiih of the lower hay or u'lilf of Veililu,
lalilmie ."i I .'!'.i' 111 iiorlh Imi'^'ilmie. I.'l."< 'u' ."ilf east.
• Captain Sheraril Oslmrii tolU II story whieli »liii«'« thai
\a|.'asal>i Hay Ins other trailition» tliiiii tlinse "1° iiieri' luaiity or
eoiiiniireial nlilily. " The hay liy ilay is hniutil'iil, Inil iji\e
ine Na.aMiki liy iiiiuinh^'hl. when the leal i< pa>>.iia.' away,
anil till' 1 1 lirie/is of niiilil inviL'inate the rraiiie anil ripple
the |in|i^li.i| Kurhiie ol' the water, wliiih relleels the ^larrv
lieanly nt the hliii' vaiill nvi r hi nil, eseepl where the ilnik
^llMl|"«s o|' iiaiiM' nnil I'ori i::ii eral'l are thioHti nihwart il.
'I III' il.lieate play nl' the 1 iiilijrhl upon town, Mlla>;e anil
iiplaii'l; the ]ilio>plici r.ci nl marks of the nnnien'us Imals pn'>slii|r
:inil i'1'i'a-.inL', th'- Iwiukhiij: h;.'lil, ami the ilmwM hiiiii ol' a
lai'u'e eit\ iliirin^' the early hours nt' iii;:lit all Inrineil a pieluo'
whii'li niiirht tempt the mnil In slop liere ennleiit. We hear
of a j:ooill,\ Siatii-h «hip llial i-aileil in I hl' a^'o, llirou(:h thiit
■eawnril p.'rtal, now hln. inleil hy the ilark ^:l"oni ol' the overlinii(;-
iii|; elill' >iii' is a lull -hip nt three iliek<, a U'arlv tiaihr, I'mni
the I'liilippini's a mv..! ve-v 1, eouihimii'.' lln' war sliip ai il
iiierelLiiitiiian. ilir ^welliu;; e.in\a>., Iiiiliil, she swin^itii lur
niiehnrs, ami llaiiiits t'lom ni.i|i\ a mast ipiaint . ol. ins ami pennon>
t'lilverins niiil lilacs pie.is peer out i.f i.er port>, ami the pihlen
I'UsiL'n, w ith itslir..nil lihi'ily stiijie-. wum'n ].ioui11\ taer Inrstirn
(In sliore there i- niiieh eMili'ineut. Twihe in'Uiths laivioiiMly
the ilnpniiese hml learnt tli.il a v.'s.ii 1 i I' thi ir e. inilr\ hail heeii
lia^i ly -el upon oil' the I'hiiipp.m -, hy .spaiiiaiils, ami the
\<.,^i'l anil ere. \ sunk in the ilep: h.* nl' the sea, ami the imperial
pnernnieiii h.icl l.'rliiilih'n S|i;ii i.oiU iimler pain ol' ile.ih lo vi^it
.lapan. This t;al > h.el eoine in eonieinpt nl'the innm ate, anil,
till ULfh wariieil ot the horrors that woulil ensue, the .*spaniar<U
woiilil not or eon il not vail. The eourt i>Mies a inanilate, niiil the
Spaniarilntii>t .•ult'i rat nn\ eo>t thepeiialls nt liisiiiM.leiiie. Wetnav
faney tic ntu>Iei' nl' row -li'.i'U, the I'lin-e el' .Niiinu arranuiii^ his
ilevoteil relativi'^. I'l'iimi^ih;: hiu'li rewar.l to the valiant, short
M.ril'l to the er.iM n. We inn laliey the -eoinlul leelila; of Ihe
hi;;li-eourai!eil lloii in his lotiv hark lor the U'liiii^ wolves nrniniil
hill) — iiakeil, hall-ainie'l iiitiileU, wli nne npa'iist lie' sleil elail
I'railll' ol the eomplerors ol' half the worlii: Then tlie shout of
ileliiinee, iinil tin' wilii iiiusie nt the w.ir*shill as eaeh rushiil on.
Wolves never went 1 letter lit ii sure ipiarry Ihuii the .hipaiiise
111 Ihe hune shi)i. In -pile of resi-t.inee thi,\ I'linj; to lap tall
siiles seate theiii re.u'h the uppi r ileek, ami throw theniseUes,
rr^nrilh' H of lile, upon the asiouiHhul Spaniar.U. Wii-ii tisi
1. lie, the lloiiseishe hai uuili rrateil lil.~ 1. e. lie ih'ti mum s lo
re-orl ti) a ili-| er.ile ex| e.lient of those tiiiMs(in nhli'ii limes,
hlowinjr up the ileik with s 11 ipiaiitities of poHihr was resorteil
to in ea-es of a >les|'erate r.sisianee In a hoaiiiiii^' partv). The
retreat sinim's ill the Spaniaicls ru-li hi low t.i the Inwer ih'ek,
ami the upper ih ek is hlow n U)i anil, willi a xell of vietnr,\, tliu
.l.ipaiii'M' ale hiirleil iiit'i the wa'i'r. seoreheil anil hurned, .\:as
f.ir the Sp nia:cl! the wiml is r trht ailverse lo his escape, ami
every iiiiioce aihls humlreils In the liosi ponriiiL' ilowii to the
atiaek. 1 here is mehinufor it hut a ileath worthy nf his race,
.Vjialii the as-aull ; n^iaiii iiuiahi rs carry tlie ilay,anil the resolule
.^paniarils retire In the thiiil ihek, niel ai;ain hmw up the vietora
ahnve tlii'in. Tliriic, says the .lapaiiese chroniele, ipioteil hy the
woriliy iiaistcr, Kienij'lir, was this ihsperate nioile of resistuiicu
resorted to, until ilelenders, assailants, ami j;alli'oii sunk in the
h: !y waii'is. .-Vlthoiiph the iiiil. rliinale infriMi.'ers nf Ihe
imperial ediel hail iii'n-heii to a inaii. the native hislorinn aekliow-
leil-is the triumph of .lapauese juslici had heeii won only hy the
sairiliee ol tine ihou«aml of her sons ! Such was one episiidu in
the history of Nagiuuki."
i-
ii
ii'
r
if
198
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
It is within the prpfoctnro of Kamo. diic of thi- ei!,'lit
into wliiiOi Iilzii is iliiiilcii. ami (loii'jiii's the smitln'rn
!•• •iiiiiiatioii nl that piiMiipiility. Tin' tnwn lies at thr
we: (I'l-n iMiil "f tlu' liiilinin'. nu a ]ilain at tlu' iMii'i.ini,'
of rt fiMlili' vailcv. It-i nanu> is |iniiiaMy iliTivid fiuni
this — Si ila iiifiinini; lew lirld. 'l"lirciuj;h the v:;llc'y
runs a small rivi'r. whiih is na\i;;ahli' for li.iii.'i's trans-
imiiing Kiraw, timhir, f,'iMiii. ami otlnr iirniiiui'.
Till" ('(luiitry Minounilim,' tlio town is fxiiciiicly
|Hrturt'si|ii"anil variiil. irnliilaliiii; hills, oovircil with
trees, rise !rou\ tin" waters ('i|;;e.an(l exteml haik into
the lofty nioinilainoiis i-o,-ks, rililK'd ami hare.
Valleys divich' the nionntainon.s ranijes, with their
riehly enltiv.itiil tieMs ami !;.iiilcMis, stretehini,' n|i to
the viM'V sunnnit of the hill si.les, streams of wiiti-r
sh.iihil with jiroves wiml thronu'h the level hottoms,
uml l.eaiilify ami einieh the l.iml. The snow-i:i|i|iiil
Fnsi is visihle at the ilislanee. jioii.iin;. eonelike.
hii,'h in'io the domls. :iml tar ahove the elevation of the
hine mountains tli.it sinr.niml it. Knterinirthe h.irlioir.
Tlie shojis iiiiil ilwellint; houses are hut slightly hnilt,
many of thi'm heini; nierel' tliatelied huts. A few of
tin' houses of the lieller class are of stone, hut most
ari' (oii>tru.ti d of ,■» t'ramework of hamhoo or laths,
and then ivnered with a tenai'lous iinid. this latter,
when 'ry, is ii;;;iiu eoMnd with a eoat of ]il;istir, w hieh
is either painted or Imo .mms iiLick liv e\|Kisure. .Mouhl-
in;,'s iir<' iil'tt rrtards .-iriMiiued in dia;,'oi il liuis o'.ir the
surfaee of the Iniililiiii;, and the>e liein:; ]i.iiiited wiiite.
ec.iiinisiin;; with the ilark i;roiin I Inhirid. -livv; tKe
hoi se a I'lirioiis pii- h;dd appearanee. I'he roofs are
otiou of tiles eoliiircd alt( riiaoly hhu'k ainl w liio' and
tin ir ems e\tiii 1 low down in ti.'iit of tin wmIIs. and
protei-t the inmates I'roiu th. .-mio, .nid tin oil p;iprred
windows t'roin the elti'ets of tin- rain, (tti the lops of
.some of tin' houses. \\ iii's tire stieiehed iii vaiiou> diree-
t ions to keep oil' the erows. it is said ; hut wini her on
aeeoiiiit of their lieiiii; hinls of ill-oiiieli, or only in
eonsei|uenee of *lieir had hahits. wasiiot very ap|i.iieiit.
These lioiisi . .lave no eliimm-vs. iir.d there heiiiir ocea-
tlie town with it . i,'niiips of low lioiw
not pre>tnt sional tires for eookiiii; and oilnr ]inrpo>es, the smoke
a very im]iosing appearanee ; hut, with its h.iek<;ioiiml is left to foi\ e its way throw^h the various eraniiiisaml
:f hii:
iml t
Is W lei
1 will spii'.i liiiL; pims and yew tiees. er.ieks wliieli may ehan.e to exist, iiii!
le verdant vallev that opens hetweeii them, ii has times the ea.se. th
an air of sheltereil rep.
rustieity whieh is ipiite iittr.ietiM
e and an appearame of .see'inle I part ot' the walls prudei 'Iv
re all' eel'alii holes iii the upper
■tt tor the ]ii
iniililiiiiis are geiier.illy Imt a single story ni lieij
Tin
rht.
himoila IS .said to ho the lariti-t to" . in the |iriin i il'oui;li many ot the houses and shops lia\e attus for
1'
fil.l
I'itv of Id/ii, and wa.s iit one ti
me a 111 lit ot eon., ihr llie st.
■as,'!' of tiooils and refuse artiele.-
■rtaiu'
It was foiimlol ciiil
lines ai.'o. ain
Hue oi the resnleliei
stand lia'k froii the front of
two humlred years sinee was tiie put of the stii'et.s, w itli yards hefore them, althouijli nemnillv
■iitrv tor vessel
hound for the capital; hut I'raya, tin- latter are in the rear,
are variously ii|ipro-
further up the h.iy, li iviii:^ su( ded to the iniportaiit priated, soim' for kiteheii-^^ardee - and others tor
'iiietioii, Siiiioda li.isdeeliiied,aii I liecuiie eoiuparaiii ely pleasure-oroiimls, with Ihoieriii!,' shriih.s, ooinls of gold
a I'overtv-stnekeii nl n-e.
T
lere is Hot mil li apjiciraine
lish, and ot
)f ativitv ill the port, hut there still is;
ler oriiaineiit:il app
lie iiieon
tew hllihlii.gs froliled with sli
Till
whilst the main
der.ihie Inisiin
rie.l oil throii:.;li it. hetweeil tin
is of mill
irmiolie, \\ Imh are ii-i il lor the
interior of the eoiiiitry and various phieeson the .I.ipaii storaae of \aluahle goods, as liny are Mippo-id to hi
i-r )iroii'eted fioiii tire Tin' fronts of the ^llop^
e.-e eois
t 111 front of the t.
w u there Is a depot lor
lall iiinksand ho its. artili'-iillv eoiivtriiete 1 hv iiieius ami houses have move.ihle shnlters, which at lii'dit
-mall I
if dvkes and a hnakwat 'r
I'lii^ is
rted with fastened to t!
I,- posts which support the projecting r i f.
the river, which ll.iws tlii'iirh tin' v.illev that e\ti inN l>eliiiid these ar;' sliding ]iaiiels ot' oiled paper,
ito the interior ; and tlie hoiis me thus eiialih
rt Mill are (
loM'd
when privacv is soui.dit, and
ih.it
for tl
I"
the tide, which rises ahout li\" feci, is at its h iLrli'. to piirj of sei'iiig in the Imn
float in and sail up the stream loilc do.ks e\iv| f.r or di piav iii^' the ^ ».ils in the iii^nh- of the -hops, Ji
liiiiMing and laiilichiiig vessels, ami iln-c>!io,v some liiii of tin' paper w iinlous t'ciie ni cc.i.-ii
le of activity in the iiiimln r of junks, :il.oiit ti^'cs of l.ainooo. The life of ilic
liall-lat-
sliop IS ilisplaMi
iliich there are alwavs iiumei'ous l.ilioiircrs, more or
,1'
o er the d'.iror windo\\>, ■;eiiei;illv in some t'aiicilii
lusv at work, eonsiriicling or ripainiuj
less 1
the docks, piciures([m'|y
X.
.'iiilicant of the kind of h
I -iiicvs cairu'il oil.
e'llcreil liv a row o;
I'll.
hut f
ew siiriis ili^lllictlv |i ci.iilite' the trail
Iree.s, in the sm,
if which si.iinls a sm iM sh
'r 111 ciip.'it mil.
ill
nii:;li tlnre was om'
shop w liicli hori
there is a I Hiding place, w
hich.
iwc\i 1. is not
n ils lioiil. in the I (iilcli laiigiiai;e. the name in fiiil
reached hv chips' hoats, when the tide is li
if a I liiicli iiostru
III. Wlllcll
d to I
le I) popiil.'ir
The tow 11 of ."siiiioil.i i. compactly huill. and regrilai iy icmcily in Japan, for the .s.niie w.is oli>ei\cil in Kami
laid out, the streets intei-M'ct at 111 I aliiili-. ain'. 111.'.; ..i«a. The limrgood) are yei eially ki pi Heeliided
.f tin
gii.irdcd liv liylit linideni i.'ilis, with tlic Ir \icw in li \cs ami di
f the street marked Upon their hollow po>t
id that iml
icaiis no L'l-ca
I alll
;iiid seem to lie ol a
iniice oil the pari of
'hicharc thestn
ifll
ic 'vaicliiiii'ii.
T
iroii„'li II
tlie lort n a I
walled wi.h
ill
all street pi
the
if which ar
Tlio intein.ii .11 lam-cim n!s of tin- h.
1'^
'ses and sh
tone, and acros.s it aic throw u four small at ^innidu are sin
■P
Hid niiifi'l'iii. llioii;,di .soiiiewhal
liioilerii III 111 .'1 , w III!
The stieei
■ Kliei
t the oppo.it>' hanks, iiiodilied accordiii;.' to the p isil ion and Ini
if tl
s are ahoiit twinsv ti'et in wi.illi, and are inmalo I he d i"r is on the right or left side,
jiaitly iiiac.ii|aiiii-i d ami pirll> paved. Siiiod.i -liov^s prolecled l>y the
i\.iliani,'iii root, uiider wlilc'i tl
dvalici d .st lie of i
ilioii lu'i 11 liexoiid our
ir-ir foods are slnltereil, ami the customer, wi 'ii
lio.isled progress, ju the aMciiiioii of it.s con-triietors ti
i\ lit; a hii-Lnin. Kioiu tik* front
the ele:llim-s and lie:ill!illillies-. of tl
le pi icf.
t'l
a pall
leiH' le.nls ilirei
to till- rear, w.iere there ale vario'lK
ire not only gutters hut sewei.*. i\ hieh draw the ret'use ilwelliii.'N and ml Imiises, aii'otig which is freipnn !y
matter and lillh dilcctly inio tae sea or the
sireaiii ill, It ili\ ides the towi
small the shlliie f ■!' pliMilc w
hi I
le sliops
tills
passageway is uruwduil with Lmskot-s, stauiLs, and tni.'s
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA. AND JAPAN.
199
lii'liMi w.th viirions mfriliaiidisf, :inil tlir walls nn I'ltlivr
«iile aiv |)f<ivi<lt'(l with slirlvcs, n|iiiti wliicli yoiMla iiri'
also lii'a]iiMl. In tlu' lu'sl I'stalilislimi'iil-;, artii-lcs for
Siilo an' si'ldiiiii liisjilayi'il luvoiid turning; tlu' (pjkmi
oiids (if th(! boxes wliii-h ri)iit.iii> tlifiii tnwanls the
StIOl't.
Ill till" iiiti'i-icir of tlifi hiMisi' tluM-i' is a lari;i> fniiiu'-
work r\isfil two feet alinve lli>' liroiiinl, It is s]ireiiil
with stiilleil mats, an 1 is ili.ideil into several enin
ji.irtini'lils \>y means of sliiiiiiL; Jianels. This honso
within a house may he apjihi'd to the various iiur]K>ses
ol' trailing, eating, sleeping ami reiciving eompaiiy, ae-
eoiiling to the ])leasiiro or neeessity of tiie proprietor.
This stage or iilatlorni is u.seil as the worksliop hy the
v.irious h:'.mlieniftsnieii, as, for exam|ile, the earpenters
• iml laeijiu'r varnishi'i-s ; tlu' hlaeksinlth ami stoiieetitter,
howiver, perform their heavier work upon tin' ground.
The hon.ses intended for lodgers are geiicr.illy elean,
and neatly spread with the usual .soft and thiek mat.s,
« hieh serve the doiihle purpose t)f sr.its hy da v and heels
I'V night The n imes of the giie-ts an' reeorde<i as
u ilh u:<. Imt .somewhat iiion' pulihely, as fhi'V me , ''' i-d
11 the doorway on the stri-i'l The iir' -toi-ratie gmi. ,
iuive their eoats of arms emhhizouod in full and dis- .
played in wide hanners stri'lehed ill front of their:
>lopiiig palaees. 'j'lie interior of thi'se hotels are hv no
iiie.ms vi'iv inagniliicnt in appe.iiMiiee, or eoinplete in
appointment. The iiitire a'i>inee of taMe., eliair:,
.■•ora-i, lan:]is, iiiid otlar e.ssentials to eoiiifort, iiiti'ifere
\ery .-.eriously withiigaest taking hi.seaseat ii Japineso i
inn. .Moreover, the 'vant of looking-glasses, )iietnres,
and other pie ising app als to the eye, give to the esta-
lilisliment a viiy naked, eold look !■> the tr.ivelh'r who
has a vivid n'eolhelioii of the w.iiai MiiigiM-~s of an
Kngli>h inn orthe luxurious eoinphteiiiss of an .Vmcri-
e,in hotel.
The wlmh? nuuilur of houses at Siumda is estimated
at ahoiit a tllotisaii<l. :ind the iiilialut nils ar ' suppos<'d
to amount i > m-aily si'\imi thoiisaml, one tilth of whom
are sh'ipkecpi'is and aiiisans. Thiie are iii the town,
as elsiwhrre in .lapaii, ti disproporii ite amount of
olfn'i.ils. .soldii'rs, and ret liinis of tiie v.irioiis piiuees
and digiiitaiiis, wli i add lioihnig to thi" ]irolnetive
r.'-oiine.s of the.ountrv, Imt lire i;reat eonsiiniers of
the •■■suits of the' lihoiir-iiif the lower cla.sses, who are
l.inei, a do mil h work, and are allowed to enjiy hi t
little of the prolil. Tin- pioph- li.ive, nolwithst, Hiding,
a I'lh'rahly thri\ iiig appiMr,iiiie, and it is seldom th.it il
liiggar is senn. I he streils. with tlie exeoptioii of ii
i'rw shops wlii'li do hut linh' lei.>ini->s, show Iio si;,'iis
of trading activity. 'I'lnre is no |iiililie in irki't plaer.
and all the iliily tr.in-aei mns of Inn iug and .selling are
id net I'd SI. piiM'.iely and ipiii^ ly lli.it, toft p.issiiig
stiaii;:er. ."innida Would appe.ir as ii plaee singularly,
.lf\oi| uf any reganl to the eoin-eiiis of this world.
The ,.,oph' have all the eliaraeteii-lio eoiirle-y iiiid
re>er\od hut plo:waiit maniieis of the liapaiie.se. A
.seeiie at lUie t,( the piiMie hat lis whi'ro tin) Hexes
mingled iiiilis4'riiiiinalely, nin .'usiioiis of tlieir inidiiy,
wa-s not i-aletilate' tt) iiiip^H'ss us with » \eiy favour-
aide opiiihui of the inoral.s of the inliilut mis. 'I'his
Uiuy iii't lif It iiiiiversil praeliie thnmghoiit .lapan,
and inihe.l, ;s .s,dl hy the .lapiiirM' near tis. not
•o 1" , hill (lie .lapaiiese pe 'p'e of the lower
ranks an. uiidouliteillv . not witliMaiiding tleir moral
superioiiiy to must cu-u'iital nations, ii hwd ]ieop|i'.
Apart IVoiii the liathoig seene. then was eiioiiiih
'11 the jiopular littimluro, with iU oUnceiie jiietorial
illustrations, to form a lieentiousneKs of t.:i.-.ie aii<t
priu-tieo aiiiong a eertain ela.ss of iiihahitaiils, tli.it
was iiot only disgustingly olitri'..<ive, hut disgraie
t'uUy indieative of loul eorrup'ion. The ehii'f diet of
the inhahitaiits of Siiiioda eonsi.>ts of fish and veijet;:li|e
food. There are poultry - ehieki ns, gie.-e, and diieks
and .some few eatili-, hut the latter are \ised onlv for
lieasts of hiinleii. an I their tlesli is iievi r eait ii. IJioe,
wheat, harley, and sweit potatoes are t he eloel ariielis
rai>ed in anil ahout Sii la, nhliough li'i>h |iotatiie.s,
huekwheat, Indian eoiii. tares, hean.s, eihhaiies. ere.-.se.s,
ai'il egu' plant.s are piodneed to some «'xteiil. The
wheat and harley are napeil in .May, and the riee,
uliieli is first .sown and then ti.insplanled, as in I.oo-
elioo, is rea«ly for the latter operation in the middle
of June, and these erops sueeeeil eaeli other Vi'iir after
year. I>iiring the winter, jiart of the riee lieids, that
which lies low, is left fallow, while the terrai-es are
turned into wheat lieids In preparing the lieids tor
the reeeptloii of the young shoots of riee, they are over-
flowed with water, and t In n leilueed, hy ploughing and
harrow ing, into a sol't well iiii\eil mud. Suhseipieiitiy
a siih>ti-;ituin of gri.ss ami small hushes is trodden down
lielow the surfaie liy the feet. 'J'lie lahoiirer putting on
a couple of hniinl pieee-^ of wood, lilie ii jiair of snow-
shoes, goes Irainping om r the gr.-e-s and hushes, lahoiii-
iiig uiilil they disippear hi K.w the suifaee of the mud.
This operation ovi r. the snail plants are traiisfeired
from the plot where tiny have heeii sown, to the
ticlds, where they me nllowed to remain iinlil niatiirity.
The lice crop is ready tor h ovistin,' in the latter ]iart
of Se|iteiiiher or early in the ensuing month, t ».xeii
nml horses are oeea>i"iially n>ed in agricultural
operations, hut the l.ilioiir is luostlv perlormed hv
hand.
There are nine I hnldhist andonegrcat Sinto, i temple in
Sinioda, to say iioihingof tliesiiiallir shrines and the
portahle wooden chapels thai may he seen hy the load-
side. Kaeli Iiiiddhi>t teiii|ile has twenty ti\e piie-ls ;
the hiiililiii<.>< ale of wood, and niipaintcd, with tiled,
projectiiig, peaked root's; the tloois are malted, and the
pillars of lac<|iiei'eil work. liehilnl the door and the
shrine are si'\eial rcacling desks, in <ai h ot' which is a
small wiuiileii lish, which is used to mark time in pi'a\
ing. I'mixis ]>laced ahout. rcinind the pious, mil {i|
charity, hut of "feeding hungry ilemoiis." 'I'hese
monasteries are siiirounded hy gra\e\aids, w here sl.ihs.
raised tomhs, ohelisks, and all the utlnr vanities of
dealli an- iihuiidant, inteiiiii\cd wiih ni.couih visaj^es
of Iiinldha. issuing Iron, an opening shell, or holding :i
lotus lliiwer, or a tly trap, or .some other svinhol.
Flowers in profusion light up and /emlcr gay the oilier-
w isi' gloomy precincts.
•• I low iiiaiiy religions have we in .lapan!" iiii|uireil
a Tvcoon, when the .Jesuit I'ortngucse lelnoiistlaled
against I •iitcli I'nitcstantism. "Thirty four, yoiir high
ncss," was the reply. "'I'hcn we can easily hear with
another,'' iiiiswered the imperial philo-nphcr. (M the
thirty live leni.iiniiii.', t hi isiiaiiily heiiigiinw considered
extinct,' that of the Sintoos js il t important,
' SiniKnira w;!" Iln^ l;i-l hlnMi^;liiil,l el" milof ( livistinnily in
.Iiipiin. :ilnl wliMJi Kiiw, iis K.iinim t'ulliolii^ -.M-iUTs «»«irl. tin' ili'-
mnu'liiiiief tliirly llioiisuinl fjuivrrls to llicir r.iilli II «ii« "'■
^inll>llr^l, Iiki, eM-r tlii> I'iMninnn irriivi' ..I iis inliiilMMnIs, lliul tlai
laiiinu* iii!MTi|»tiitii «ns (Tti-li'il, w!irni..fc: llu^ iiiitivi"*. tlml I" |'rc-
fir l.illii'ir luilivi' fiiitli ll.il 111' till' Cliiiitiuim Hinilil le In ilruw
i|.i«ii iipeii tln'in-ii'Uis ilie |Miiii>lanin! iliic tn Iniitnm, ti> llioir
I'liijH'riir, iiinl tlivir nmntrj-. tine wiitt'iicu run llnis . "So lolKf
'•i-.
!'-i !
t ;
I )|
ii;!i
ii'
']■'■
!
2U0
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
next to iir cdiirnrrciit « illi l>iiililliisiii. iiiid tlio jH'iuci-
|ial ti'titiiii' i>t' the town of SiiMii hi, li riiiiiiatini; its
wiliest St iTi't with Mil ini|Mi.siiii; fijitire .it the cinl <>( n
Iciiij^ avi'iiiii' uf stately cedar and larch trees, is tile
>;i'eat SillliMi 'reiiiple '
As the vi.-it(i|- a|i|iroaclies this teiii|ile, lie emiies to a
liriclv;e wliicli is thiiiwii nver a li>h-|ini[d, which lii'caks
the ciiiitilillify 111' the street, and elileiilil,' the shaded
a\einie, lie |i,isses over anulln'r iiiiiiialiirc liriil;,'e. heaii
litiilly eiiii>tnicteil uf tilicly carved i.'rceii>l.iiie. Twu
LTiiiii stniie statues of armed iiieii, overrmiwilli inoss
and lichen, enard the entiame. .Moui; the aveiiiio
within are hi;;li stone caiidiialiias. to the ri^ht of which
ri.-es an ii|ieii lielfrv of s |iiare tmni, restiiii; on a foiin-
dalioii of ninsoiiiy. From tiie m if swinifs a heain
ii>cil to stiil<e the liell, which forms a portion of the
tiirnitiiie of all the tem|iles. 'I'o the lel't i.-! a low tiled
shed eiiverini,' some small iiitive statue.'*, also of stone,
and ill a |ia\ iiion Imilt over the ix.iteway are |iiet\ire^
and models of junks and lioal.s — for this is a marine
tenijilc hiylily c>tceined anioni,'st sailors and lishernieii.
The teni|ple itself is con.-i riicted of wood, covered wiih
tli.ilch. and Mi|i|iiirteil liy posts j,'rote.si|Uely ornamented
liii-chai-on, the deilied hero, or kami, to whom this
:is the sun sliiU H.irin the cnrtli. let iin ('l.ri<li;iii l)i' su ImM :i< in
I'liiiM' to ,la|Kiii ; iinil 1ft all kuiKr, (!!■• Klii_' nl' .'>|i;iiii iiiiii~i'll', ..r
till' ('lirLsMiin'^ H.mI, if la' vi'iliile tills ciiniiniiuil, kIihM ]ia\' fur it
with Ills lii'itil.*'
' Till' iiiitiii lal I'l'liiriim ill' .la|iiiii, wliicli il ilcs fniin iln- I'arli.-si.
in'riiiil, is till' ri'liL'i 111 "f Sinsvnii, up " Kuitli nf tin' (i'uls." 'I'h.'
viitarii'-i arc callcil Siiitmi';. imil t;ii' Mikaifi or spiritual cuiihTiir, is
its ti'tiiiKir.il lii'.i i. riu' iliviiiitv is liie ^o'lili's^ Ti'ii-^i-i-iLii-riii.
."'Ill' « IS ill.' il.iii.'liti'i' .it ill.' lirst L''iil «li'i iv.r iiiiirrii'il, aii.i hIi.i
cri'atc't ilic iv.irlii, wliicli iIumi cuiisisli'ii <.f ,!a|iaii; t.i licr siic-
rii' leil fiiui' !»'«!<, the lust lit wIm N imiriicil a tnortal ivit'.', an.l
li'l't 11 ill irtal soil, till' itiiiMi'ilialii jirriii't'cs-or iit" Ilic ori;jiiiat
.Mikiiilo. riiis .Mikal.i, in niiii'tinis rcscinliU's ii {»i|ie, ai.il lias
till' iHiwiT itcan iiiis.iti 111, iiii iinii ui' iinn'li I'ovciiil liy tli" lvaiiii«
I'T -.rpt'it iii.'ii oi' ilii' t'iii|iiri'. W'lii'ii til i.s ciuiiiiiisi'il, lliry i.-ia ii
llii'ir ranks ol Kami in the next worlil. an.) liuiii ic Ilic t'litiii.'
siiiits of lli.'ir liiiiiilii's Tieis, tliiTo is a saint 111 cvcrv li.iii-.-.
I lie Kaiiiis are .In .l.-.l into sii|u'riin* iiii<l int'.-iMi-, lll:i ln-iii^ I* >iii
lToiIs, 'iiiiI 'J.Milt 11 -iii^ ili'itic'l .ir I'.iiioiis'.'.l iiit'ii. 'I'lii' Siiito.is
'K'lii'vi' in "in liappy ti lis iiiul vi.lairi's,' as liic alio.le nf liisem-
IkhIIcI spirits, liiit s'lini-siiy tlicy lunc no iilianfa ilcvil .ir li.ll,
piirkMtory, o'' fill oi'c piinislcniiii. 'I'.ns, li.KVi'vcr, is a liisimi.-il
)Hiiiii. Till' Siiii.i.) nitioii .if ii-i'aliiin is nivcn in the foll.nMii.-
I'At : " 111 till' lii'u'iiiiiiuL' of ill.' op.'ihii.' .if all tliilijrs. a I'liaos
llo.ileil. as lislic swim in II, ,■ n.iifi' I'or pl.'asiirc ; mil of lliis
1 li.i IS arose a thiii^' like a pii-klr, niovcalili' ami I I'aiisl.-r.ililc.
liiis ilcii,' ln'cim.' a s.i.il lip spirit, an. I iliis spirii is celi'd
Kaiiiiok'i M.il Mikoltii." lliis is jn-t aliont as I'.ir as tli-
Mi.'iitiric iiiilerialists .if ilii' ppcsi'iii il.iy li ivc liroiiv'lil tin i
ilis.'iplcs. I'lii* rc.iili-r 11 ill oliM'rv'c li-iw iof.-i'i'ir in u'lMmli'itr, sine
|iln'ily, anil siii.li'in' ilisiin, tm',, it i, i , i he ».ir.ls of (iciusis:
••.\inl tU' Spirit ol'tiil 111 ivi'il up'iii til.' tiii'i' of ill.' ival.'is.'
I'lirity 111 lii.iit a'lil lili' Is tli.' ni'i'.iM'.'iini I Siiii.i.iis ,,, «i,i,.|i
.ilirn etil.'i-i'i's pmlly .if li.i.ly liy ci-.' ii.ini il onlinaiii'.'s aln.il
I evilii-iii. .\liiiri.i_'.' is pi'nii.llcl t.i siiii.M pricsis; unlike tiiov
ot itii.lillii. III,' " .Miisail.i ' l,.„|iii,. ,1 j.,l|y liC,. (p,>,r fi'lioivl) huIi
si'voii wivi's, h.' ln'iii;.; ill, ly niiiii in .l.ip.m •,, wiiom micIi i|ii.s-
!i 'iialile I'lijoyiiii'iil is piriiiitieil. 'I'lic Sinto ,s iillmi iln-ip liair lo
fc'Piiw, iiii'l wi'.ip a n'mirkiililc jii'ail-ili'.'^s, rcsi'inliliiii; ;iii iiivcrii-.i
li i.il, !a,-.pi,riil, .iii'l iilU'ii of a most Inilliiint c.,l..iir. Tint',' is
unolln T ri'lu'ioiis li lii-f. iir ra'li.'P iiiili' !ul', piivaleni in ,l;ip:iii.
c.illi'il ".Sntii,,," uliicli is iijH'ii to all s ipir-t lioi.s Imi in ilsilf
li'i'oirni.si's 11,1 ;.,, I-, |,'nipl.-s, or pi „.,.* 1,1 n ,r-le|i: a. k on :■ .1:;, s a
iiiii\ersil iM'iiii,!,,!,- s .irii ; ,l,.iii.', any fiiiiirc stale of r, w.ir.ls aii.l
piiiilslinii'.ii-. aii.l it il.Li, s lli.it. Ii.ipi.ini'ss iiiiisisis in a ri.'liti'<iiis
lil'i', ami 111,' p.pl.,1 lit man in tin' ppai'lice nf tive cinliiial
virlMi's t'l live virtuously, to if, riulil. L. I,.' coiirlioiH, to iroverii
wi.sely, 1111,1 1,1 ,,|i,.y 111,. ciiiii,<>i,.iii'e. Tlie I'l'silll of this liii-lili
moral iilat
III ll
1,' ^tal,■
c is a li'iiiiliseil |ir is'iinti.'ii. supporliil »l t!.- i'\
I temple is diilicated. stands in the aliriue, having on
e.ich side a tii.'iire dressed in the ancient Japanese
ollieial cosiiinii- Krom the wall lian^fs a siiliscriptioti-
list (lis usual in our parish ihitrches. liiit this is thirty
I feet loiii;! of those who |iroviile the I'.xjien.ses of tlio
seivice in honour of the naval hero. in iidditinn to
the one "jreat .■sintoo 'I'l'inple. there are various smaller
-hriiies of the s.-iiii.' faith, the sites of which liave lieeii
pietiiresipiely .selected, on the .iccli vitie.s and oli the .siini
iiiits of the wiioilcd hills which lioiinii the town of
Sinioiia l.indwards.
X AX KXCUHSIOX HOUND SIMODA.
TiiK ciiiiiitry aliimt Simoda is 1 eantifiiUy varied with
hill and dale. There are the usual si;;iis of elalior.ite
• lipaii, se culture, altliotioh trom the nioie sparse
popiiltion of the neiohKiiiii'l,,,.,,! there is niore land
left in euiiiparatlvely liarreii ci inlitiini tliali fiiilhei up
the hay towards the capital. I he liottotil and .sides nf
the valley are (.'ovcied with o.iij, us iiiiil tielils. which
are well w.itered hy the stieaiiilets which )1"» thloui;h
every valley, and wh eh. liy artilici.il arian>,'i iiaiits. are
diverted tioiii their einirse, and pour tlieir tertilisiiij;
waters ovei the lainl Iroin terrace to tl'lliu e 'I'here
aru four principal Mll..;;es, near Siniodx. I'liki. (iuki,
or rersiiiinian )H.iiit. Ins at the end ol the liarlamr,
and contains liaiely twoliiindred liinise.s. (Ineof ils
mona.steries, known liN the naii.e of (iokii zlien-zlii, was
set apart like tin- l\hia /.hen zhi, in Sin.odii. a.s a place
of resort of the foiciu'iiers ; and within the tjroiind
atla.he.l is the liiiiial place iipprojiriiitcd to tiie
Ameiiciiis. I'liere is a O'liiil atichorap' at Kaki-ztilii.
for jiiiiks. and many ot tiiem take in their cai'ooe.s
rather than at fsiniod.i. l'a.s^itlL; oNcr the hills in a
.soi.tli easlei ly dnetioii, we inliie to the \ illaof of
l.iisaki, w liich. with lis two hiiioln d Iioiim s oi si,. h:iii<.'s
iipmi the deili\ily of a wooi!ed loliMiIe. witli it.s front
exlelidino down to the laai h, and fai il.o the waters
olthe inlet. it.s iiihaliilaiils are ^m nerallx ti.slicrnien,
and tlieir 1 oats, iiiid e\eii laroer m-mIs. ap| roacii tlie
shore at aii\ .state of the tide i'li m l.ii-aki, a jjooil
road leads in a iimilieily din i tion. to the \ ill,ij,'e of
."^otowili, a sliiall li.ilnU't also .situated iit the sea side,
I'lit with a pleasing laiid.si a|H' inwiii d. >ai ii d hv ciliti-
v.ited tielils and an ulidilLnwlh i| dw art oiik.s. A
lar;,'i r pl.e ••. the towii of .^'hiia lama, or W liite lieacli,
cMeiids II- liniisis alolij; a .salidv Ik.icIi, .some tliiee
mill's ili.si ,1.1 troiii Sotowia. iiiid i.s con | iiiatiM-ly a
lloiirishiiiu' SI till nil lit, ^■ewlal i|iiarries of trachyte,
or i;|eeiis|,ine, ale tiiaiked in the iieio|il.iiiii liii.d, and
larye i|iiaiililies 'it , liaicoal ale prep.iled on the forei-t-
Clowned lulls in ili<. ii,ir. 'liiiniiiL' we,st«ardly, and
a.scndiiiu' the liills i,.«,irils ^lllla li.'iii.a. tin liii;lie.st
summit ^\iiliiii tJM' iiiiiisof >imoila is ri ai hi d tiom
which the whole Miilhiin ana and luiaoili of the
pellill-lll 1 ol Iiit'ii call he seen at one j;l,il|ie I'arlell
peaks iise t'l the \iitt, i.f thickly win.did hilU wimsu
sides open into \.iile\s, down whnh the wild vej;t!-
tatioii tlmiiu- iiiHil I In I ki d hy the eidliire of tlio
liild- ill t siiiioi|ii,| the l.ii-\ lialidcts it the iioltom.
Where the in holder >l nids, on the siiinmil ol the hill,
there is II Miiall woodi n sliriiii. almost liiddi ii in a
i;p,,\ e .,| piin s 'I'iie iiiiiiieiins pii t iili .-, (lowi i^. i oppi f
cish, rai.'s. and •leci.pitiitid iiuenes. f.iiiid within,
ilr.lc
mill the ri'){iilar sule ami
pur[Ki!i^-*s.
ipiarlri' 111
r tl
le I'llv
.l.■^ I t,
iiiiiiet' 11(1 of I'liil'ln a for siicli tilth'
attest till
till III
pojiul.irity of the
/ll
De
inlliit.' tl
I,,., its, the ileity of
ll liv lis noithweslerti
the
laroe.-.t vtilli'v 111 the
iiintrv round is en
ilereU.
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
«01
*"~-- ^-7
y'x ,^
Mm w'-':
A POLICEMAN OF YEODO.
Tlif> rivof Tiinil/.oipiinia. wliirli llnws into tlic (lar nii r\(iMit tfiat uniilil narilly lie lidii-vi'd liy i/iif wlm
li'mr (if Siiiinda, |iass('s lliKm.'li (lii>. iri'i;.'atiii;; the wa-i imt I'aiiiiliar u itli flu' |..,|iiiliiii-i I'uiiiilriic of llm
'iiltivaliil liaiiks, ami .<u>laiiiiiii,' the loiMiiifri-i' <>t' lla^l. Kvci'v hill i^ l.ii' a >iir.rs>iciii of ti'iraics, risiiij;
till' various \ ill lyi-s and town.s in tin' interior. Tlic one ahovc the oihii-. iVuni the hase (u the summit, ami
hairilet ol' lliini;n, ciiiitaiiiinj; about one hiiiiili'eil ;,'rL'('ii witli the growth o|' liee. ha
nnii lil'lv hoM»e<. is situated on tlie ri\er. whieh has yraii
At tJK
riev. « heal, an
He
I olh<
leen I
lammed it that snot, and turns live wmier- lira uehe.s oil' tVoin t
i|«'inni; '<\ a smaller valley, whie
le Miaio one near I loni'o. is a .snia
shot mills tiir
1
■anni'' nee.
Th
leration Is <>ne e.dled Ki
he. (roin the lutns terr;u'euiona.sterv
|«'rt'ornied I'V a veiy snniile i...ielinie. whieh eot\
irliy. Kioni lloiiiio iIm' v illev w idi'Us nioreaiMJ nion
Nl.st.s of a |irojeelnij{ |iU'ie n|
■iltai lii'd at riuht aii;;les li
tl
tone, uniM It reaelii's Simoda. where it lorins an opei
le enil ol
aiU lex el
vvliiil. |)lays iipoli ii iiori/.onlal
d is
pause,
illi
plan
d dc
Kk.
moveil n|i r:iie,'e ot hills, .md up tli,>;r
sin
.MoiiiT the hast" of llie
the direetioii nf
III
1 pestle uiakin;; iii a nioit:ir
r
IIS ihi> h.'irlioiir, the nuiiieroiis iMrni hou-e.s and alioiindinu
iihle niaeliiiierv is oeeasii
n.illy worked !iy water, a.s at man iries. many of them of slmie and with suhstiintial
lliaiL.'o. I>ut mole I'lecpi.'utly hy a man, who steps wall- of the same malerial, exhilal a i lieerlid prospect,
allirnatelv oil and on the hni;; end of the lieam. Tl
>t tliritt and eoi
llofl
ir ille tliere u.llitlll!' <VI-
rniraf lloiii^o is ii.iv i'.iddi' lor llat liotleined lioa's, di'liee uf lii.xiiiiant eiijuyment in (he handsome .striii-
vnIiIiIi fre(|nenl the plueelia- eharei'.al, L,'ia;n. stone, and lure of the dwellin;,' limise^. with iheir ple;isiire jiroiindM
otiiei
irollllels.
■nnliA ahoul is heaiilifiilly ailofuedwilh p;
-lures III vane
-aled tlo«(
ititieial
divei-sitied, and tin.' culture of till! land is eiirrird oii to ; pniid.s of gold lisli, anil faiiey dwarf Hliade and fruit
ji!
! I
I j
1
i ill
m
I'll i
: i I
I i i
i ■■
■M
ifj!
Ill
302
ALL ROUND THB WORLD.
troes. West of Simoila, the villages are siiiiller, and
the hills which llaiik tlii'iii nf less height. In that
dilTcticiH there lire no villages of a shiirter dist-mee
thiiii five miles fnini the town of Sinioila. Near this
sea-side settlt iiieiit toward the soiith-wi'st, the iiihahi-
tants have excavated large ehanilieis in the ciitl's some
hundred feet troni the shore, in whieh they store the
sea-weeil, whieh is a favourite article for chewing, as
toliacco is u.s«'d with us, and whither the tishernien
occasionally resort for shelti'r. The lower hills in
every direction are covered with w.jod, from which
large sujiplie.s of charcoal are made, which is extensively
used for domestic and manufacturing i)urjiipses.
XI.— APrROACH TO YEDIX).
Some account of the ]ieculiar and decisive step tnken
hy the Hritish Kmhassy under Lord Klgin to olilain a
pirsonal interview witli the governing |io«t'rs of Japan
at Yeddo or Yedo — the chief Jiort, if not the real
capital of the empire— will furnish at the sanu' time
the hest ilescriptiou of the Imy or gulf by whieh
Yeddo isapproachcii, and which constitutes the suliject
of our illu>lralion. {Seep. 18(j.)
The Knglish .ships got under weigh from Simoda
nt daylight on the morning id the 12lh of Atigust,
and, with a fiir wind, proceeded rapidly up the hay,
pa.ssing, on their left, a mountain range aliout (l.(MM)
feet in lieiiilit. The shores now li-gaii to close in,
and, at the Str.iits of I'raga, which they reached in
idiout live hours from Siinoda. they are not ahove ten
miles apirt. At this pi-int the scenery was ]iri'tty;
vuiodcd hills rose from the w.iter's ed;,'!', sloping gently
hick, hrri' anil theiv deeply t'urrowicl with a cliaiming
glen, in which eott.iu'es with steep thatched roofs and
overhanging eaves weie snugly ensciiuced. The western
hhure re.semhleil some )p.irts of the coa.-t of the Isle of
Wight. The town of I'lMga itself is the most im-
portant lodkiiig place on the coast. It is considered a
sort of liarriei- to Yeddo, and even country ir.d't rnu.>t
stop liere to give an ai'count of themseh e>. '{\\<t hoat-
loads ^^f two sworiied otlici.tls pusheil olf in hasleas they
steamed U]>, anil iiy yotieulations and gestures nf
entreaty, in\iled thiiu to stop; out they passed on
iilterly inilill'iient to their sign.als ; and as they left
them far lielniid they (uiild still discern them tiigi.'ing
hopeli>sly alter tluiu in the \.-,in attempt to overt.ake
a steamer of |IM) In ir<i' power goiiiL' at lull speed.
They emilil scarcely helieve tlu'ir eyes, when at
anihor, the same night, tiny oliserved these identical
iHiats jiiill alongside, they having never relincpiished
the pursuit.
.Meanwhile they steamed ,stcadily on through the
wateis traversed for the first time hy ( 'omino(liire
I'erry's sipiadmn a few years ai:o, and cousiipiently Imt
littl.' siM viyeil. I'a.ssing tin! I'erry and Welister
islands, jiiettily wooded and of a picturesijue tiirni,
they lame within sight of the Itiissian sipi idron an
chored it Kanagawa, at ahont mid day. This )ilaie i^
situated at a distain (? of cii;hlien miles trorn Yeddo
1 1 a Ifords good uuehomge almiit iialfariiile from tlu'
shore; it is a town of consider.dile impoi lame, and has
been sileiiid as one of the new jiorts. (,'iiiiiit I'milialine,
who h.i I proceeded to .lapan direct from thetJulldf
I'e cIh' li, had arrived lure about a fnrtnight previonsly,
and been eng:iged during that period in making ar
rsniiiiiiii n
Is U<v h
pro,
ler receplioi
It ihi
•ap
itnl.
I determim^d to adopt the unprecedented eoiu'se of sniling
.straight up to the capital, believing that, if the achieve-
nu'iit were feasible, it would not only .sjive valuable
time, but that the presence of our ships there would
pioiluce a most salutary etlect upon the ( iovernnieut,
aiel in all probabilily tend to facilitate negotiations.
It was eminently fir;iinate that, on occasions of this
sort, lie had, in ("aptaiu Slnrard Osborn, a cummander
iijioii whose zeal and professional skill he could always
place the most perfe<a reli,iiice.
The unexpected appearance of the Knglisli Kmhassy
must have somewhat astonished their Mii.sco\ ite friends,
more espcciiiHy as they )ia.ssed on at full speed up the
bay, whci-e no western ship li.id ever before \iiiiiired.
Up to this point the western shore, under which they
had been coasting, was uniformly liigli and broken,
with projecting promontories ; now, howevir. it sank
toalevel with the w.iti IS of the bay. The soiiinlings
in I'erry's chart ce,ise Just before reaching Kana.saki
I'oint, a very long .sandv spit which runs tar out into
the bay, and otf which the .Japanese have placed a
beacon.
The water now becinie shallow and the channel
sum. w hat intricate. They were just doubting whether
tlx' undertaking was pr.icticable. when thev s.iw in the
distance smiie laix'c sipiare-rigged ships of a tonnage
which satistied tlieiii that their anchorage would do for
them; but fir a moment they ft It bitterly di.sap|Hiinted
at the tliscovei-y of Kiiro|M'an-built ships, betoki'iiiug,
as tln-y supposed, the presence of some foreiL;ii flag
more enterprising th.'in their own. It was only when
they approac hed m anr that they ]iercei\i'il that these
western loiikiiig ciafl were in reality .lapanese, and
observed the white ll.ig with the red ball tioating
from the peak of a d.ipper little siiamer, and marking
it '• Iiiipeiial."
(iradnally, liehiiid these ves-sels, the island Ibrls. and
then tin- houses of the citv of ^'eddo, ro.se into view,
(iently. with two leads going, they crept up to the
long-desired haven, closely fiillnwcd by the liitrilmtifrn
and }iiclit ; and, by two oVKick the same afternoon,
atli r a most prosperous passage from Simoda, thev
alicliMi-eii not fir from the .bip.nnsc (hit, at a distani'e
of .iliiillt three miles fi-iiiM the slmie and fi\e hum the
capiial of the eni|iire.
t'aptain Sheiard tlsbnrn, the naval lieio of this
exploit, gives a slh.rt gr.iphic description of the jiio
ci'cding, as will as of the (iiilfof Niddo itself
The dapaliesc authorities, we are tnld, were i'\ iili litly
determined, if otiiciai obsiiiniiM ncss could stoji the
embassy, to leave no ellorls untried to do wi. Even in
the open sea, betwei'u N'ries N'nlcano aid tlie nntraiieo
of Yeddo tiulf, two guard boats succeeded ill throwing
themselves ill their track. At first the fifficcr ot the
«ateh innocently belieMil them to be fislierinon, and,
dreaming of turbot and mackeiel, edged towards the
lioats, fiivoiiriiig the .lapanese niameuvre. When al-
most ujion the ships biiHs, up went the liitle .sipiani
llr.^.s, and mit popped iipiii the ih ck of each boat a
twosworded ollicial, who, sti'adying hiiiiseli agaiii.st
the evcessive motion by placing his legs wide apart,
waved fiaiilically for the Fin-ion>i to slop. The ot1ii-er
of the Witch li.id directions to be jierfcclly chat and
blind tor the ne.sl live niiniites I'he ship ga\e a ^hl■l■|•,
and went dear olf the boats liy a few yards; they
might as well have reipii'sti'd the Mileaiio behind theni
,'0 eea.se smoking as to yell tor them to stop. Stop,
l.oril Elgin, bowuvei', iii-tead ol stopping at Kana^aw:;, | indeed ! ^N hy, the old ship know UK w.dl a.s tlie> did
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
203
i>f this
tliiit tlip wind was fiiirainl Yfililn ili;lit a licail, ami this
nociiiints t'lir Imt iiu'iviiity to Ja|i.iiiisi! giiinl ti.ials,
ami hiT |ihivt'iil kiik-n|) nt'thc hi'i'Lsasshe went thr<pii;;li
iho water at a iiiiu' kimt sihm'iI. 'J'hii hist thi'v saw
dt' tlio two (illir<'rs Wiis that om' jioor man piivfoniii'd a
soiiu'I's.hiU as Ills hoat liivcil into a sra ; and a sonitM'-
sault with Iwo swords !)y Ids sich', a (piicr cnt liat tii-d
on liliriilhi to Ids nose, a shirt as sliU'as it' cut ont of
|i;i|ii'r, and very ha;,'L;inL; tfon^cis, mnst In; a trat not
volnntaiily f,'onc thi-on.;li ; winic the otiicr olhcor, who
wisely had hini-ill' sM|i|i ir'.ed hy two hoatmcn, con-
tinnc'l to wave his arms 'iki.' an insane semaphore
NO Ion;; as tin y lookeil at him.
poor f Hows ! ih'-y too knew what it was to sillier in
liertoniiaih e nt' orders, and 1,'iviii:,' them their hearty
sympatliy, llie Kimli-ji ships h'I't the wortiiies to tin I
their way li.iek to tir'ir shares, liy nine o'eioik tley
were i'aiily enterin;,' the limits of tin,' (iulfof Yeddo,
ilid the refirshiii:; f^alu n-ndi'red their speed little short
often miles an hour. Jt was a j{lorioiis panorama p.ist
rthieh tiiey were ra|iidly sailin;,'. and thi^ exhil.ir.itiiiL,'
elU'ctsof its inlliienee upon ali,eomhined with a delieions
climate ami iiivi;,'oraliii^ hri'eze, was visiMe in the
i^listeiMii^ eyes and cheurfnl looks of tlie olliicrs and
men, who crowded to g.ize upon the jiietnre that
iinrolleil itself liil'ore them. 'J'lie si'eiiei-y was neither
'ndiaii nor ( 'Innese, and presented more of tin,' featiii'es
of a land williin tlie temperate than of (.ne tiaiehini;
the torrid zone. The lower and ncirer portions of the
shori's of the (iiilf resi'inliled strongly smiie of the
most ]iietures(pie spots in our own di'ar islands, yet we
have no }{nll' in Ihitain upon siieh a scale as that of
Veddo. Take the la i rest portions of the Co ist of Devon-
shire, and all the shores of the Isle of \Vi;;lit, form
with their <'onil)ined heanty a ;;nlf <if forty live miles
lung, and varyiin,' iii width from ten to thirty. In
every tiook and valley, as well as alonj» every sandy
way, |ilaee pretty towns and villap's, cut out, all hriik
.111(1 plaster. \il!as wiiji (Jorinthian ])ortieoes. and intro-
duce the iieal''st i"/»i/('/,< S.» itZJ,"i,ind ever plodilced —
strt'W the l>rii,dit si'a with ipiaiiit vessels and pieture-ipie
lioats, and you will h ive the fori'ground of the pi<t ure.
Kor l)aok,i,'round scatn r to tin; east ward the (iinst
scenery our II i'.^hl;iudsof Scotland can a If ail have the
lilue and purple tint.s untoin'ieil, as well as the jiiiie-
iree and mountain ash. Far hack, titty miles off, on
the W'stern side of tin" (Julf, ami'lsl masses of snowy
clouds and streams of ijohlen mist, let a lot'ty mountain
range lie st en. and ut its eenire rear a magnilicent
cone, the heantifiil Fusi-yama, the '• Mati'hless .Moun-
tain" of Japan, ami then, perhaps, the reader can in
some Way )iicturo to his mind's ryo the heanties erf the
(jiilf of Yeddo, in the loveliness of thai tn-i'jlil d.iy
when it (iist i.'laddcncd the sight of llu' inemln'isof the
Itritish Mmhassy.
The ri'lieshing gah"5 drove the ships, like sea gulls.
past tilt! nohle hinlls h^tween t '.i|m's Sagaini .and Ka
misaki. The shore, to which they approaihcd within
a tliou.sand yards, was liiistling with h.iticriis .ind
swarniiiig with guard hoats, of which several, wilh
ollicers and linguists on lioard. pn hed oil', ami trnd
thi'ir liest, by signals, to iiduce ihiui to stop. They
only gave them.selves time to imte that the promising;
little port of Iragiia w.is full of native vessels, ami th.i'
there shelter might he very likely louinl, it the anchor-
age in the (iulf proved in.seeuie. (iiiiihd hy tlu!
e.xcellcut map and ihart of ( 'ommoiiure Perry, they
liauled iu for the wu.slerii nhores to avoid a dangerou-'
' sho.il, called l.y the Americans Saratoga .-^pit, and tliPli
Ipnre away ihalh. Tla'y sighti'd rapidly, one after the
other, the various points tind headlands mentioned hy
, Perry, ami recognised Tiiaiy Point, near which tlio
j .\mericaii treaty of Mar< h ill, I s.i |., was ncyol iated.
In the hay of Kanagawa, an e\li.inely pnlly indeii
tation niiiin the west < -I, ju^t li. \oni| I'li'aty lihilf,
they saw at anchor t'n' lln-sian frigate /.'si-n/il ami a
despatili gnnho.it. The foniier tliey knew had on
lioaiil his l'',.\eelleiicy t'ount Ponlialme. the Itussian
Plenipotentiary, and he w.is doiilptless hiisdy laliouring
<in lii'half of his imperi.il master, inuoiiList thelreaty-
I hewildercd J.lpanese. The /'»;■/ i».t W.is in tell tilllloli'S
of wati'f, and it seemed (piile nnn'.isonaMe to h.iul out
of the high road to tlu! capital and anchor, liiciu'-e
other |ieople had doni; .so. at K.ina'gawa. N\ ilh the
sanction of l.oid KIgiii, the /■'uritnin ami L'firih'ilinn
hoii! away for N'eddo. Mr. IIcw~kiii, the iiih rpretiT,
had. whilst accompanying .Mr. Harris in hi- list \i-it
! to \'i'ddo, 1 n carried on one occasion in .a small
.lap.iiiese steamer from Kanagawa to t he i-.ipilal ; hir,
from his oh.serv.ations upon thai occasion, he was led to
hilii've that extensive iniid lianks haired llie approach
to the city. Vet he siu'u'c^ted, what they loiind to
have been the casi'. tli.il I iie Japani^e oIlieriN had taken
the vessids liy a very shallow rout; e.\iiressly to mislead
the new-comers.
liattliiig along ainon:.'st Ih cts of na' ivi' hoats of all
Kizes roiiml the shallows of P.eaeoii point, they went
oil' the Aniei icaii cli.iii on t" re dly unki.ow n yroiind,
heyotid the maps of Siel.oldand Kieinplir, which gave
them the coast line and guided tiiem lo the north- west
corner of the gulf, .-us the site of Vedilo. Oi\ a very
clear day, from I'm a'oii Point, the .sonthirn siiluirh of
Veihlo, named Sin.igawa, may doiihtle.ss he visible, as
Well as the hills situalt^d within the limits of the city
itself, but the strong gde before which they v.ere
blown lia'l cau.st'd a h i/.e that hid fill from theiii,
except the outline of .-ioine low hills to the north
West.
Directly they were clear of the sho.ils. and that the
land appraiid to recede from them, they h mled in for
it, and pre ently tlii'y s;iw four sipiare liuucd vessels
riding at anchor under the land. When iliey boro
I X.W. by compass, they steered for them. The .soiind-
, ings comn.i nred to diminish steadily, but it matti'icd
i not, for Were there water for those vessels there
: must be nearly enough for lis ; and, 'it any rale, the
I bottom W.IS a itice soft unctuous mud. if they did
I lia|ipin ti> stick their keel in it. Their liopis were
not destined to be disappointed, for n|) out of the .sea,
i..id oiii of till' mist. ro>e one stariling novelty after
another. Huge balli'rics, bi^ eiioimh to delight the
• V..ir Nicholas — temples— the imperi.il jialace— Yeddo
itself coming round the bay. all for the first time
1 "'ked upon from the decks of a foreign man of-war.
The four M|iia'e riLi^'ed vessels proved lobe ,Iapaliese
nicn-of Will- ; ami « Inn we hail l'iinii;ht them, iis well
IS the batteries, well under coinmaiid of our gnus, the
I'll ri ■>'.•• and the iiilrilnitiiiii anchored in tweiiiy-four
fret water, as well as tli.' little yacht /■Jni/ii-mr, that,
under a pre.-s o| .sail and steam had been fruitlessly
living to oVeriako the laigir vcs.-els since tliev
entered the gulf
j ' Sh;ide of Will .\dains'" e\( laimed Captain
Slierard Osboiu. At List thepravir of the eaii'is*
old s.iilor. that his counirymen mi^ht reap wealth and
advantage from eoiumerci.d relations with J.ipan. wai
il
I ,1
204
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
iilujut til lio Cuifillpi]. Two hiniilrni iinil (it'tviiylit
years liml cliiii.scil sii lie iiikI his lialC w rirkiil nliip
liail lirrii iiii,'li till' viTV s|i()t ill wliidi llicy were, anil
now liis niuiitniiii II liml npiiir ill fanit'st. Tlii'V lirld
till' ••iii|iiri' of tlic Kii.st, ami liad won tlii^ wealth of ill
tint Imlii's ; ami tlu; arms of Kii:;laml, ami ihc skill of
I III' aiiiliassailoi's, hail tlimwii down all tin' harriers set
up liy ('liiiia aiiainst foi'i'i;;ii Iraih- or intrrroiii'si'.
(li'i'at Itritain. ill those two hundred iiiiil twenty-live
years wliiili had intervened sinee the eessatioii ofcoiii-
iiieret" with .la|iaii, liad earefiilly paved the way to the
point lit wliieh it was no ImiLrer po>>ilp|e to tuleiale the
excliLsiviiie-s of an iinporiant ami wealthy enipiie ;
.iiid ail Kurdish sijuadniii and an Kiii^lish Anilias>ador
were now oil' the eapital of .Japan, the hearers, it is
inie, iif a niessaiie ol' i;ooil-will, Init yet lo show, in a
way not to he mistaken, that tli" hour had arrived for
• lapiii to yielil to reason, or to he |irepMred to sillier.
IS ihi- Court of I'ekiii had done, for its obstiiiaey.
Xir— LAXDTNO AT YKDDO.
'rrE.siiAV, the IT'li of .August, ''anie in a ylorioiis
d.iy to pay lionoiir to the entry of the lii'st i'.ritish
.\mhass,'idiir to .lapan sinee the year I'il.'t, when the
■•ii\iiy of .lames I. was favoiirahly reeeived liy the
I hell ieii,'iiiiiLr emperor, ('aptaiii Marker had ariain,'ed
that without letting' the .lapane-e into the secret of
their proeeeiliiiL;s, the lamlini; slimild lie elleeteil in
the most solemn and iinpo>in^ maiiner. lielittiiiL; the
lepi'eseiit.'itives of our lielovi'd sovereii;n, and so
ilioroiiiilily to foil the plan, aeeideiilally diseovered mi
'he previous day, ot makiin; Lord Klijin's eiitrv into
Veddo ii hole aiideorner atl'air. unai'i'ompanied liy
pomp and eereniony. The Imats of the sipiadron were
prepared, liianiied. and .irnied ; the llitrilnithui eonlri-
liiited lier liiind. the ships were 'li'es.sed with lla;;s, and
when all was reaily. the .\mlia>sailor on hoard the Aw,
oinpaiiied liy ii ]iei feet llolilla of Imats, proceeded
Inwards the liatteries. The .(apaiiese ollicer and
Veiioske, who had lieeii sent oil' to escnrt his V.\-
'I'lleney to the shore, wi re miii'li struck liy all these
preparations : they even ceased to take notes, which
was a serious sj^rn. '["he /,.■<■ tlireailed her uay eare-
I'ully towards all aiiclioi'iijri! used liy the nati\e craft
\ euoske pointed out to (,'oiiiiiiaiider (ii'aham a
diHerent route, hetweeii two of the outer liatteries,
u here the Lf", Would certainly have run ai;rnund, hut
Ills friendly suu^est ion was imt adopted. Within the
line of liatteries the l.ff was olilii^ed in anchor; the
priiee.Hsioii of lioats imw formed, the jjalleys of the
sipiadroii with their culleis, with the ollieers of their |
respective ships dressed ill full uniform. Astern of
thesi', fiilliiwed one of the launches carryiiii,' the lialid ;
then came the liar<;e in which wa.s emharked the
.Vinliassailiir. .Ximther lari,'e laiiiich folluwed in the
rear of the liarU''. and the launches of the /'iiiiinis
kept at a I'liimnicnt dislaliee, upon either side, to
prevent his K\eellency heiiif; crowded upon li\ native
Imats. I 111 re was real " Queen's weather " (o set ulf
to the li.'^t ad\aMl.i;;e the .show where the .slii|is
dressed with liii',dit eoloiired llajpi, the tioals with
their :,'ay pendants anil t'lisinns, and laden wilhineii
and K"'is. had attr.icted a v;i.st throii!,' o'h .in luiiiu's.
who cliisteri'd in every open .sjiace whence .1 \ icw uf
the pl'oeessiiin was to he olitailieil. The Im.its cinsseil
the -hall. iw liaiik, and approacl I'd the ollicial laiidiiiL;
hand played '( hhI save tlie Queen." As for tlie Japanese
olHcials, they limked as if lost in wumh r and aslonish-
ineiit that such things should Ik- in the capital of 'J'lii-
Nipoii. The otlieers of the sipiadrun n mained on
shore to esciirt the Aiiilia.s.sjidor to his Mii|iiin, and
that done, all returned to the ships. .\ proci ssioii
wiLs formed, and wa.s liy no means iinpictiins'pie. In
front niardieil 11 |Hini|MiMs ollicial, in eonipanied liy 11
man earryin;; a spear, the li.-idoe of authority ; he wiis
clo.sely folliiwcil hy a knot of nllieiiils in a ne.it ciistiime
of It ciiarse limkini; hlack ;iaiize, like thick niosipiito
curtains. On their harks or slioiilders wa.s stamped
the imperial tnloil. m- the private arms of the owner.
Snme were dressed exactly alike, others Wore lillle and
while ilii's.ses : hut every iii<li\idiial w.is evidently in
a unil'orni lielittin<; hi- laiik and |u>sition. All these
men, howcXer, wi re pinlialrly servants, or ipilte siih-
ordinate nllicials : some carried alnft niiihii ll.is 1 overed
with lai'i,'!' watiipn'i'f ha^s. and others lai i|iierid
portmanteaus mi |i<>le- nvi r their shoulders. This was
.siippo.-ititious hai.';:ai.'e
On e.ieh side of the |irii<e-siipn walked )ioliceniell
in a sort of liarleipiin co.-tnnie. cumpiiM'd o! a.s many
colours a.s if their dnss was made from a j'atehwork
counterpane : each of tlnse im n earned iron rods si, \
or se'en tci t Imij;, ficm the top ol wliiih di] ended
ai|iiaiitily of iron riiiu-. iSm i//i xlidlinn. \i 201.) Kvcry
lime that thi> rod was liri>u:.dit In the ^'ioiiliI with
the Jerk of aiilhmity. it emiiled a Imid .jiiif,de, which
was heard far and wide i|i|iai;.di the en.wd, and wax
res|iectei| hy iheiii ace. .1 diii;;ly r>ihinil this van-^iiard
came the niemhers of the Knil'a--\. in n hmsel.ack
and some in norinimi- : :ii,d n.oie nn n in lil.n k e:iii/e,
and iimliiell.i carriers, and \aiiei;;itiil j olici nieii.liioiii-ht
up the rear.
rpnii the suhjeet of the liarli i|uili police at Yeddo,
it is iieee.ssary to remark that the whole systi ni of
municipal ^^overnnieiit in the cities in Japan M'euis
Mry perfect There is a mayor or f;o\ernor, some of
wlimu are eiiii-.s.ii ie.s, and there area certain iiiunlier<jf
deputies to a.-ssist him. and :i cla.ss nf otlieials who seem
to he the mil run dlate> Utween the people and tlio.su
ill alitlimii V. and whose liiisines-s it is to receive aii.l
|i|esenl petitimis and In forward eilnplailits to tho
i;ii\i'rnors, and plead the cause of the aL';;rie\ed iii< nio-
rialisls. Then evirv stnet has its maj;i-trate, who is*
I'Npccted to .settle all disputes, to know theningt IlliliUtO
details of I he jn ivate iiiiil jaililie alhiils<it every creature
within his jiirisdictiiili, as reported to hini hy spies;
and to keep an aeennite reeonl of hiith.s, ilealhs and
niarria;,'i's. I'hen lie is re!<|Hinsilile for all hroils and
distnrhanees. and for the j;ii<m1 (ondiiet of the street
t,'i inrally. This fuiictinnary is also provided with
ilepiities. mill is rlectid hy the | opnlar voice of the
iiilialiitanis of the stnet. To render the task easier,
the mele I selinlders are ili\ided into small coiiipaniis
of four or live c.icli. the head of which is respmisihle tn
the mai.'isliate l'..r all the pnKeei|ini,'s o| ihi' iiiemlieis,
Thiseomplile m L.Miii-al inii is fiiiliishid w il h a secretary ,
a treasurer, sKcilain niimliirnf mes.-i n^crs, ,Vc. Ilesides
the rei,'ular eiiii-taliliN it is patrolled at ni;,dil hytlio
inliahilants themselM's in Jiallies of two or three.
Kroiii all which il will show that ir street," in ti
•lapaiie^e eitv, iniistlte n .smiiie of eoiisideralile interest
and occupation to its inh.ilutanl.s
.\s for tl row d, it was wild with <\i itement, tlio
inhahilaiits of everv eioss street and lane poured mit
place, where the t'j.rl of F.li;iii diseiiiliarked, while the In see them pa-s The exeiteinCMit uf maid stTViintB
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
M8
in ciiir own I'liiititry, wlii'ii tlir >lriiiii,s nf iimiiiiil iiiiisii-
fall ii|mii lliiMr fills, was ii'itliiim In ii. 'I'lirri' wni'
liiotlii'i's witli siiiull lialiii'M liaiit.'iiii; oil llicir .slioiilclcrs,
rofkli'ss lit' tlii'ir ih'i'iji'iiv, li.i.>ii>iiiiii; V< swi II tlii'
rriivvil ; cliililri'ii ilnijiiiii;; iiiiiliT niij |ii> i|ili- s li „'■;. iiinl
nlil |M'ii|i|i' IcilliTiiii; MitiT rliililri'ii, siihI liallnis nf liulli
wNcs, rri^aiilliss nf tin' firl lliat llii'V ii I'l liiitiiiliii nil
liilt siia|i, or till' •la|iaiic^r siili^titiili' fur it, rruW'liiii;
till- iliiiirHav<. 'I'l latliT uf |ialti'iis was i|iiili' li'
iiiai'kalili'. as all tin' wniin'ii wi'ar lii:;li \v Ii'ii jiitti'iis,
wliii'li all' Vi'i'V ii Mvi'iiiriit In inn in, ami as wnnn'ii
in •lapali, as in Kii','laii.l, fninn'ii tin' largrsl. |iin|iniiinii
nt till' moll, tin- s.'iitlllni; tlirv liiaili- a'Mi'il tn tin-
tllliililt. Xnt tli.it till' I |i|i' will' till- li'ast rli-ni'ilnly,
lliry laii:.'lii'>l ami stai'i'cl, ami ran |iirilli'l wil li lln'iii,
till stn|i|ii'il Uy a liarrii'i', fnr tin' .la|iaiii-i' aii' |Mil'i'i't
ill till' inanau'i'liii'iii'lit 'if rmwils In tin' |irili>'i|i.il
strri't tlii'iT ari' w Irii j;atcs almiit rvi'i-y six liiiinlrril
varils, with a Kali-ki rprr si'ali'il in a liltlu limiM' like
a tiirii|iiko. Tin" iiinnirnt tin' I'.inliassy jt.issiil, tliw
1,'atf wius shut, ami tlir nl.l rinwil was Irft lii'liiiiij tn
rniwl tlirniiuli tin- lufs. ami watrli with riiriniis cyi'-.
the iirw I'l'nwil tniiniii','. All tin' irn>-* ~ll Is riilii
ini; till' main slii'il wcri' .>liiit nif frmn it. Iiy i'.i|m>
slri'tihi'll arln.->> thi'lll, lllnlrl nr nvrr tlli'lll the |ii'n|ili'
iii'Vi'i- attrni|ili'i| In pass.
Till' crnwil wa>, tn all a|i|irar.im'i', I'lil ir.'ly rnni|insci|
nf till- sl|n|ikrr|iii's ami InW cr rlas>is. 'I'lii- lii'li wi'ii'
liiTi'iitlv ilnilicil. ami till' wninin wni-r a snrt nf ji-ki'l
alinvc tlii'ir skirt, wliiili was. hnwivcr, i'nii<n'ii'ti'.|
M|inii a ratlirr /("///■/»' |iriiiri|ili'. Tin' liist, iin|rrrss;nii
.i| tin- tiiir si'X wliirli tin' Irivllir iici'i\i's in a
■ la|iam'si' rrnwil, is in llir lii:;lh'^i ih;,'iii,' unfivnnr.iiiln :
I III' jjhastly a|i|ii'ai-aii< f tin' f i.isaml linsmns, tlii^kly
inati'il with |inwi|i'r, the ahsiini' nf lyi'Urnws. ami tin'
lilai-kriii'il ti'i'lli. |irni|ii<'" a iim^t {laint'ill ami <li'^
a<;ri'ralili' I'lli'it. Uiii- it imt fnr this almniln ilili'
I'llslnin, .lapiiii'si' wnini-n wmihl jirnhilily rank liiL,'li
aninii!,' I'^i^lmi iKaiiliis, riiiainly lir lii'fnri' I him'^c.
Till' iit\ nf Yrililn. .iml its t w.i sniiilnrn MiKniiis,
Siii'.'awa ami t lin iirawa. niiM' Inn ml ihi- li.iy f n' m-:iil\
hn mill's ; ami siiii.-i'i|iii'nl i niii|i ni.^nii nl tlm ii'iiiarks
inaili' Il|inii its cxti'lit lalKlwai'i. i'niiliriiir<l llir I rlii-f
I liat tin- aii'.i nf Yrihln nii.'lit he i'nii-~iiliii'i| as a sc(imii',
rM-rv .-iiji- nf wliii-h was .-iM'ii iiiiirs Inn;;. Of cmr^i-,
I 111' wlinh' nf this jirta is mailnM'ly Imilt. n\ i-r ; imlir>l.
II im caiiital has sinh rafi' hi'i'ii taki'ii l^i |in>ii'M' lini'
npiMi s|iai-i's,i's|M'i'i.illy rmiml tin- |i.il i^isnl I luir l•nl|ll■|■nr
lml [iiimi'.s. ami tin' iiri'.,'liiiniii'linni| n|' ili.'ir ti'iii|ili's
.iml Wa-lmiisi-s, Imth nf which an- tin- mn-l ml. i'i'Mii't>
nl' all ilassi's ill Vi'ililn. Within llif liniils nl'ilic <iiy
ari' .scvi'ial hills lA' i Irr.iti' i'li'\al inn, as w.il as
Liriltlo slnjit's ; ill all I'asi'S liny wiii' lint thinly Iniilt
ii|Hiii. ami ixli'li^iM' L'iir'ii'"-. with iiiaiiv iiia'^'niliiinl
•ii-i's, prii'i ipally aclniiii''l tlnir si-h's. ( tn .i lull wliirli
lisi's fi'niii till' Inart. nl' ihr rity. ami fmni a iii.i-s of
ilriisi'lv-crnw'iii'il liiiil'liii<;s, tilt' ini|ii'i'i.il {i.il.iii' is liiiilt
with a cii'in lali'il wall, hall' liiiMrii hy i;riiii hanks
.iinl siaiily trr.s, within w lin^r limits ihi' iiili-r nf this
kiii;;ilniii is iiiiniri-si'il fnr lifi- as tlir sail |iriially nf his
lli;;h |lnsilin||. Till' limisi'S Innk MIV III. it .iinl rniii-
tnrtahli', mill an' |iiiiiii|iaily nf wnn.l -.inm' ml l.nrk
ln'iii;; avniiliil as iiiinli as |ins.sili|i', in i'nii'M'.|iii'ii' n nf
till' lrii|in'nrv nf rail Inpi ikis Nn walls imin-i' thn
I'itv. wlin.st' sill' is ailiniial'ly aila|iti'il tnailinil nl'iilnin^i
iinliiniti'il iiirreasi' in iMi'iil. wiilmul iiili'ifrrim; with
tlr.iiiiii^i', sii|i|ilirs. inli ii ninniuiiii-al inn, nr ri'a'ly arriss
to thf walfi>> n( tin.' hay. w hiih iiisiins tn tlinsi- li\ iiig
iipnii its' shnii's, rli'aiiliin'S.s, .sna air. .iml an easy liiijli
way.
.\ rivi'r in tlir Tn'l.i niwa llnws tlirniii;li tin- hrart nf
\ I'llilo ; tlii'V cniilil .s mi- tiiin liriili,'!' spanning it near
ils 111 iiltli. iiinl thi'i'i' all' twn ntliiis faithi'r up. Hr-
siilcs till' Tnila i.;awa. >nnii' ^iiialli'r stri'.inis intci'scL't
ijli' tnwii ami siilaii'ii^.
Tin: alisi'lii'i' (if all impn^ini,' nliliri's, ami ihr j^i'Mrr.il
want of i'li'\ ilinti in till' ^r mm) iipmi w iiii h tlir rilv
sl.iiiils. I'l'inlir till' vii'W' frnni tlii'si'.i hv im nnans im
pn.in.'; Iiiit Its I'Xli'iisiM- si'ifmnt, tin; (lirnh ,i\' lili-
I'lnhnl ill till' lli'i'ts nf liii.itsaml vi'^srls p.i sini; ami .i-
p.issiii',' t 111' li.ittcrii's ami ;,'iiiis w iiirli frnw ni'<l iipni tlii'ii,.
tin- liiiiil as nf a iiiiill il mh' at h iinl lli it w.is li.irm' tn
tlirir I'ai's wlh-ii t III' lii'i'i'/.i! rami' nif tli.' lainl, all im-
pi'i"..>i'il thi'in with til.' I'art that liny wi'ii- at aiu'lmr
oil' mil' <<i ihn laryi'si, iMpilals in tin' wnrM.
.XIII.— INTKItUti: OK YKJilM).
TlIK ir-iili'iii'i! a----i;,'iii'!| tn l,nii| Klifiii, in tlin Inwii nf
Vi'ililn, was a pni'i mil nl' a tinipli' siliiatcil npnii tin'
niilskirls i)f till' jiiipiriil r.siilrmi', nr tin; " I'lim-i's"
l.liiarirr. ' 1 11 fmiit. nf 1 1 w as a si ii it w liirh. .n rnnjiiii;
In .Mr. Oil pliant, inininiiril I'nr !■ n in i Ins ( ') as clnsi'ly
pa. kill with hniisi's. ami as ilriiscly I'r.iw.l.il willi
I pin. as it is tmiii Ijyiln rirkrnriii'r li .Milnrml.
.^. t till' li.irk nf it stii'lilii- I II w nit.' ami sniiii'n hat ilrcary
.-iiisln.-r.itio iniiirti'l'. whii'h ninl .imil tin- I'l'-iiliin rs nf
tli-i-i- lniiiilri'ii ami sixly Ini. .liiaiy priiiirs. I'.nh a
prl'V siivni-rii^'n ill his n>M liixlll, lll.lIlN I't' tin 111 Willi
hill .1 . 1. ./I'll li.vvii linii-i'^. ami sniin,' nf lli.in ahli' t.i
ari'.iini latn ill tli.^i' li'ii tin .ii^iml ml liiinrs. .A in n,'
nilirriit innil, sivmiiy l.> ri'..;hiy yanls lirnail, liiri'il
with a siiinnih nii.in oi'.irpmrnl as in my fi'rt in
li'i;,'lil, alinvi- w hirli ran a inissiM' wall. I'mnprisi'il nl
sliiiirs t yi'l.ipi'an in tlnir iliiiii'iisi..iis. tlii! wlinh'
rmwiii'il hy a Infi y pili.snli', siirrniimli'il tin.' Iiiipi'iial
risiiliini', wiiirh is a;;.iiii liiirii'il aiiiiil-t ni-,,\|.^ ,,(' i»ijmt
I'lil.irs. [''rniii tin- lnuhi si pnini nf tin' l.n i iliial nnis in
11' II' nf tlin I'.islli', iv p inniainio \ ii'W w.is nl.i niiiil nf tin'
\.'ist I'ily, w illi its twiiinillinns amla halt nf iiih.ihilaiils.
iml an ama r.pi il tn, if imi ;,'i'i'al.'r tlini. tli.it of
l.niiil .11. Till' 1- i>l in almii' w.is cnnipiili i| t.i In' iap:ili|n
nl 1. II 1 1.1 in in:: fnrty th.nisaml iiiliahiinils. ^'^lllin, sa\ s
llir saini' wiili'r, is, w ilhniit uxiiptinii, niii' nf ihn tini'^t
I'il lis ol' till' wnrlil. '
' Ti.o 11. 1 1 II.' Y. .ill'), (ir .Irilili, si.'iiili.'s " 1 In. iii. illi nr I'lilniiiri'
Mltlii' rivi-r.' Il IS i-.ill.'.l 'I'.ilii, 'till' Kxslnii t 'ipit il," t.> ili-tui-
■.•ni-li it Ir.Mii Mi.ik'i, /■ -■. " till' t'u'ii.il." I 111' li'iiil illicit 1' lillr nl
1 111- I'iiirl' IS s:iiii 1.1 Ih* K-.iilio t Km I'.' f'.nu') '.''. Hn' l*iil»i', i»r llui
''Mi-'int, the prr.it lii'in'i-.ii i.r f ■ ni lunl.-i -in -rliirl'. Iliii wiinl
r\.iiii, Ity W'liirii 111* II;!'* Ih'i'II iiit r ..Inc. i| to iih lal.ly, hiirnilirs
- iiply till' '"^'riit i.lliiir." 1 1 i>.a:tri' nil. a i|iii'>li.iii nf iiaiiirs,
! ir hy uliiilrvir ii.iiiu' lli.' rliici' nl' N i.l n Is ili-liii;.'iiislnil,
111' is lit till' Ill-Ill III ll.i' -i-n.lil tl'.iiil.tv, ill r.liniiUHil uf tlm
iiil:liin-, mill si-i-uliir riii-r. . r niil'ii-i-at «( tin- i-iii|iiri', 'I'ln-
Mil.. III. llir 'J'i-» l:, i.<-.,"llir S..I1 iil'lli-iivill," iiiiiili'- ill- at Miilkn,
r.-l.i In at |iii-i-nt lillli- l-x.-i-pt tliL' ili.i.i- nl' l-.lliin-liir. III!
iinii.iili'S ili'M'i'iil I'l-.iin li-w y.ii Ilai /.in, "llio Sun tl.'il," tlm
I'.'iiiiili-r III' till- i-iii|iir.', iiii.l lis siu-li, rhiiiiiH 111.- ri'Vi-rrin-i! of tlai
|.i'.i|.|i'. Ill' lr:i.'i's liisili'M'i' .1 ill an inilii -ik- II In..- 1. .nil /.ill Mnsii,
111.' Diviiii' Min-.ir, wlm oLilili-'-i-.l li.- .iiillmrily tlin li.c. llr i.t
Mi|.|.iisi'il t.i 111' Illi' r.iiiiii.i II 1.1' 'II li.Mi..iir, mill I. . II liiiii all till)
;;ri;il i.llii-i-i-siil'r,;.!!.-, iiirlii.iiiii;tiii'.'<iiii,'iiii, iiiiiiii -i i> i-i i .-i*!! llirir
iiii-i-lil.iii-. I III- |. Iuii.iii-lil|i 111' till- .\|ii, I.I.I :iuil 11.1' Siiipiiii in
|iii-M-iil tiiiii-i limy Ih> riiiii|iirri| In lli.it nl' tm- nl-l .\Ii-ri)viii>:iiiii
kyiiiiiL's, wliii, IIS ili.si'i'iiiliiiiis..l Iliii.Si-aiiirniavi.iii iliviiiilii'S. wrrii
ri fcTiirili it as *iii'Trii p'rsiiiis. wliile tlii-ir iHivvi-r wiis \\r- sii'il frniii
tiiriii mill i-M.'11'isi'il liy tin- iinynrs nl tin' jmlari-.
106 ALL ROUND
It must Ix' linriio in mind, however, in t-nnnection |
with tln> Viisl sjiiii'i \(iiil liy thi' town, tliiit, owinj; i
to till" frii|ii(ni'y of i';irtlh|iiMki>, (lie imiisi's me only
of one Ntiiiy, iiiui In iici' ii .-niiillri' Mnioiint ot' juipulittion |
eovrrx ,'i liiTiiliT extent (■tVpiuc iljiin in KinM|ie.
Ii>it tlif |piiity on slhJi-i' liiil iH't eonfine itself to ex-
|ili)iini; till' city iilcmc ; i'Xinr>i<ins of ten inilrs into
the connlry were nimli' in two ilillcrtnt iliieclion.s, iiml ^
Imt one o|ilnli>n |inviiileil witli reMpert to the extiii- !
ortlinary e\ iilences of civiliBiilion whirli met the eye
in every ilin clion. Mveiy eottji^je, tein|ile, or teii-
liouse w:is snrrouiicleil liy f^iinlens hiiil out with ex-
ipiisite tiiste. iili'l the most ehi .oniti- neatness wu.s
gkilfully lileniieil with ;.'iMnileur of (h'si-in. Tiie natiinil
features of the coimti'y were lulmini ly taken ailvan-
tnije of and a hmi; riile was certain to he rewarded hy
a romantic scene, wlntc a tea house was jiictiiresiinely j
jhtcIkmI over a waterfall, or a temple reareil its carvid ,
jpihles amid j;rove.s of aie ieiit crd;irs. The tea-house t
Is ilescrilied as a natinnal cliaraiteristie of .lapan. 'I'lie
traveler, wearied with the niMin day Insit, need never
he at a loss ti> linil rest and ntix >liment ; si retched
upon the softest and cleanest ol liiall iii^, iiiiliiliiii^ the
most delicfitely flavoured tea, inhalin;^ throii^th a shmt
|ii|ie the fra;,'rant toliacco of ,lapan, he resigns hiiii>i If
to the ministrations of a l)evy of fair iLimsels, who
gii<ii' rapiilly and noiselessly ahoiit, tin; most Zi'aloiis !
and skilful of attend, ints.
The modi'.-ly (if mir ]iarly, hmvever, was s<iniewh.it
taken ahaek hy seeing' no .small |Hirtii>ii of the popiihi-
tion wasliini; theiiisi Ives iii ttihs at (he corners of,
streets towards evening. In ^ eddo tli'V frcipieiit
lar^e halhiii;; esi,ilili!.hmeiit.-, llie dimr of which is
ii|icn to the pas>er hy, and Jircsiiits ii curious .spci'tacle,
more especially as I he iniiiales, of holh sexes, ingenu-
ously rush iHit lo ;.'aze at the Kuropean as he rides
lilu.sliiiiiily jiast. NN e oltiii saw two nr time ladies
■ piii'tly sitting in tuh> in fim t of their d(pors at N'eildn
itself w.ishing tlicm>el\es with the utmost unconiern,
i.'.itlic' ami hiisine.-s ihrniigh the street guini; on past
ihem as usual 'I his was a gi'in lal eii>tom, anil no
one thought of nr wmild iiii;<giiiu uny harm in it.'
XIV,— Ti:.\ <;.\1!1)|;ns.
A rAHTY <if tight or ten iiiaile a trip from ^'eddo to
a summer resmt cailed Ili;ii(', where ,irc Imtanical
t{aidins and well appninlid tea houses aliiid pretty
si'emiy. l-'pir tin' tiist fiair or live miles their way led
ihem tin gh the tnwn along the castle moat, pa.'<tthe
jiniiit at s\hich they ag.iin olit.iineil a panoramic view
>>f the city, and on through more wimling streets, :
which they had ii<>t lieti>ii> explored, an I which seemeil I
interminalilc. ,\t la.st they got idiar of the more
crowiled thnriiughfires ami found themselves tiii-
1 .'sucli nil ii|i|mniil winit ef iiKMlfsly in ilifliiiill to (■.■mpn'lund,
null it \* nut M'lihriliMlili' wiili tlie iiilviuu'cil Klutc ercoilisutioii
lil'tlu' .lapani'sc, tliiit in In he ilidi il t'reiii nlliiM- liii'ts. Mnili>ly
raniiiit lie niiil-'cl iini.mf ni^TC i-.Mivi'nliiiniil tliiuifsj itn nli»i mr
is nut till' ivlihiliciN irf 11 |in jllilee: its |in"« nee is nni' lit llii'
ili-liiic'ivi' iliaiMiliT-i I'l'l'.M'iii ilie Innniin nci' ami tint "I
I'tiiles. It in lint (in this [Hfinl alniic, Iimwi'vit, tlial Ilie .la|i.iiii'se
ilidiT I'riim Hinn|iraii.«. In many nf llieir lialiils iiiiil tnaiiniT«
lliry pn wilt a .striking; unlau'iinl-in In tlial hIiIiIi is aice|ili'il in
i:Mrii|.e. 'I'll ulii'w rcsjHct, fur rviiniplc, «,■ iil,,. nil nnr liiilii; lli.'
.Iapiii„-H'' ri-iiinvw llicir Hlines. W't* i^rt nji, tin y sit ilnwn ; l,ir «itli
llii'in il i^ tlir lii'iylit iil'inipiiliti iii'ih in r ivc a visilir utiinilinu'.
M Inn uniinr , lilt wc pat nn a ^rn at inat, tlio .Ininiiii'iie pnl mi
(.apai iiiiia triiiiM'rii, i>a u RyiiilKil nf ili^nity uiiil alHle.
THE WOULD.
versing ])leiiHant aulnirhan Innes. passing the spacious
palace of the most jiowerful prime in the empire —
Kagano-kanii. The miter walls of this eslalilishnient
enclose an imineiise area ot griiinid, and cniitain Iniild-
ings which are sjiid to atl'nrd accommoilation to ten
Ihmisand men. The i.'rovis of Infty trees which
towered ahiivi" the walls gaxc toki'll of the lieauty of
the gardens within Ihem. .Many of the streets and
roads wliich they tiaver.sed were lined with peach and
plum trees : at tin- peri' d of the ye. r when these are
in full hloiiin, they must form a most charming and
fragrant avenue
'1 hey weie tilled witli astonishment and delight at
the exquisite taste displayi'd in the guihiis unil
collages upon the road side. No model estate in
llnglanil can Jiioducc "cotlnges ornees'' (omparalili' to
those whii 11 nilorn the Biilnirlis of Yeddo. 'I here is a
want of that niinuteness which the ( hinaman glorien
in until he lieiomis grolesipie. The .Inpanese have
hit the happy medium. With an clalioiate delicacy
of detail, they comliine the art of generalisation in
ill sign, so that the relation of the parts with the whole
is maintained thi'iughout, iind the general etfect is not
.sacriticeil to minor heauties. These charming little
cottages rai.-ing their thatched roofs amid the fruit
trees and creepers wliich threatened to smother them
in their emliraces, were siirroiinded hy flower heds
tnslet'ully laid out, resplendent with brilliant hues, and
iipproached hy walks helweeii carel'iilly eli]ipei| hedges.
Yew-trees, cut into fantastic shapes, and dwarftd tree.s,
exlending their (leformcd arms as it for a.ssistance and
support, arc favourite gaideii ornaments. Here and
till re, at the end of a long avenue, they could discern
a temple cmhowered amid trees ; and ancient ]iriests,
in gaii/y and transparent costiime, with I. road ein-
hroiderid helts and sashes, and enonnous laci|iieri'il
hats. Would hiiriN to the entrance to watch the
stranger pass. The hcanly of the cclinteiies was in
keeping with the taste displa\eil in eveiything else ;
here walks wound amid flowering shrtihs and droojiing
cyprcs.ses.
The respectaliility of the (piarler ihroiigh wliidi
they were pa.ssing could iil»a\s he jiidged hy the size
and character of the ciowd which accompanied them.
In some )inrts of the .siiliiirhs ihiy were toilnwed hy a
noisy nioh, who pressed npnti them, cheering and
lau'.:hiiig- not, hiiwe\cr, showing any signs nf ill-will.
>ome of the jiaity on the previous dny, not attended
hy a sulliiii III ly large hody of poliri nun to inspire
,i\»e. Jinssing tiiloilgh soiiie of the less repntahle parts
of the town, had leeii hooted, and evi n pelted, the
crowd calling out. "('hiiiaiiicn, ('hinannn, have you
anuhing to sell {"• — a ciicnnistance for wliich tlio
( 'omiiii.ssioiiers never cea.srd iipologising ; while they
took occasion to impress upon them the necessity,
which they were nlways anxious to forget, of never
moving alioiit unless accompanied hy a jiroper staff of
police. I'lKin lliis occasion they were attended hy
twenty otiicials, in a hl.iek gaii/e unifoim, who marched
in front of them As they were desirous not to lose
time and the steeds were willing, some of the elder
ineinhcrs of this p.irty were knocked up letore they
got to the half way tea hou.se, where they changed our
escort.
As they gilt firther troin town the cottages hecame
more scattered. Imt the countrv did not lose its air of
civilisation, (iroves of tall trees overshailowed the
road, apjuirently hordering soinu ornamental gioundf),
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAl'AN.
aoT
for they woro Piirlosp<l hy paliii'^s i ...icily rr.si-mljliiii,' miishm in |ii(-iiirs to tlio Star iiii<l (iMi'lri-, or llMiii|it(j
tliiMc (if mil' iivvii |»irks.
«;inir|.
'I'llC lril-l|i>llsi' :il whiill tliry ;-tn|l|Mil tci rest
liny ai'i.-.liirr,iiic pic nii' \\m» unin
Inriiii; tlicir
hililiili'il ill II iiiinlcii, wliiic s|paikliini watir j,'iisli('(l (lut i visit to lliijcc, they were iiui I'.irl niiutc eiiMiiyli to git
III' liiii.s«v i;r>iltiie> iiiiil i|iiiltc>| mats iiivileil tn l'e|iiise. a i;lilil|>
Here |ii|ics ami tea were servcij liy I'lir ilaliiM'ls,
if it. 'I'iiev ili
liliele
M'
• re till
also iirosec
I lllinll
I tlicir acie|ilalicc iiiin|ie
Hevoinl tins tealhiiise lliev f iiiml lliemselves t'airlv in Uilclieii,
iileriial eeniioiny iif tlie c-lalilislmieiit. I'lilnriiinatelv,
irs. it not lieiii',' ilie custom fur (lie );iicsts |o ei. into the
oi I the vi>iiors wa^ ii,'iiiinilniiiii
the coiintrv : thev hail excliaiii^eii the siilmrlis of Irom thai ilcpail ini nl. jii.^l a'- I
l.omli.n for the lanes of hevonshiie.
'Ilell
ic was eoliiliienciln; Ins
Althoimli tile country was iimliilarnii,'. tl
itlier iwii >ti
le ro.nl was wen
iiivcstiyalions liy which so lai^e a niimlier of jinests
kc|it coiisianlly sii|i|iiici| witli cm r\ ilcsci'i|>i ion
nor too narrow tor wl
if .1
iiianex' III lieacv,
il t
I'.l III IIM
Sunctimcs it |ias>i.i| lietwceii hii;h liaiiks crowiicil wiili only time to tiinl iiiinsell' eiicoii
il
II.
■V a fe\ \
lieiiye
III sliriilis, anion;; whivli were iiliservcil the .iciive, hustling \\ailre>ses. aii'l lo catch siuhl of liii;:i
liolly. Witli tlie exci'|ilioii of ;froves of Ifee.s, left steaming; imiiIiIimh-, wiicn a si roii'.' iiiiinlcil
iloiilitli'ss for 11 special |iiir|iose, aiii| wliieli served to sliovvcl him tl '
■ ir « nil a S..1IP laijic
■|'l
om-
iliversifv tile |prospcct. every acre ol jji-oiiimI secmcM plexions oj many ol ihr^e
ciiltiviiteil. This is jirolialiiy [i.irtly in eiinsei|iience ol' t hov ot i.iir i oimi ly w nmeii
a law eoi
npeliiiii' uverv in. in to ciiiiiv.ite liis iaiiil
I- «irc c|iiitc a- tail' as
I II «;.itii.f,' tl.cir manners
jraicfnl and rc>|.i.,i tnl. Aliim-i i\ i rMhilij; is
witliin the vcar ii|k>ii pain of forfcitini; it. Kieids of served in lacipnr, and is picsi nied in a icMrenlial
vanis and cl;l; plint. or liriMi.iii, of lie.ins and Indi.in aitiliide. 'I'lie ;.'iie^ts mi doiU'd ahoiii on llieniat till
ciirii, millet and onions, allernaled with e icii other in lliev have done dinner. »hcii linv lie di.wii to smoke,
rapid succession. At every clump of trees ihroind
«liicli tile road pissed were le^i iiii; places for a!
cla.s.ses (it travellers ; simple iicnches niidcr ihejrnar
ill
h'd
I sip tea, and dli.'esl.
Th(
[.ildelis hell' ilcsiiil.cil arc amnlii,' tile most
ciirioii.s cliaractensi h
if .1;
ot sOllie Vellelallli
l.ilie Ireo
for these eslalilishnielils
'I'l
|iloprieto|s of
liiiiidilo wavfareis. and liltle tallies witli friiit and tea dre-s. eoinei-
iip MiiiiiL' ;:iils to ilaiici
II fact, like liie III
t.iira of (in
.set (lilt in till' cool sliide ; or viimiiier lioiises, ciuiiposcd to nnilc all the chainis of miinl and graces of pi
iif a siiiiiie iiilt, with I he saim' iinanaiile lit'Ver.me, lie.ii
isoll tl
le wcarv .s(.en tli.il Hie .lapam
hot iiiid I'eiidy to retresh the thirst of tl
pedestrian ; or an cstatili-hineiit of j^rciicr pretensions, w i\es tc
>l form and eleuain
I.
• I maiiliiis.
We h;
wliere iiii'ii of rank niii;lit ^1 ly and rest
ph
Miipaiiy till III lo tl
liol 111 sllalc III lllMle lliclr
placi - eoiiM'ir.'iii.d In
»iire. Ill on
ler 1.
iij..\
Iheif
iliclle.'. II lisle, .'iliil con
At last tliev siidd'lilv ilcM-eiide 1 into a deli, wiicre vcr.salloll of these M ..in. ii. ili vi .idcd I \ I licir |ir.ifc-..ii e.
I cliarniliia village i.iv ci
i>ii
iiiicil III a »<
It
stcd ,if a f
cw eolI,i',;es all
I I tl
:i leal II a lir.ilnl
liilt liistilinnished lp\ 1 1
riii.s stale of lliin;;s is the Inure to he wundercd at.
le ,-iq.i I 11. Ill \ 1. 1 t li.ir eilncat imi.
(Il
•ale. At tiie entrain ■ lo this c^t ililisinmnt tiny the .liipaii are reputed to lie as ji.il.
aiiv liatiiii
miK
h t
iillatioii iif llie vll
> tiie edilicatioii III the wl
e.'e, wild asMiiilili'd l.i slar.' air
HI the eirt II s Slll'la
if ihe lii.iiiiiir .'iiid repnt.itiiiii ot
tl
leir W.'lliell.
it i-. iliilc
I lie oiilv coiini rv Ml tli
Hider at tlicni i'licv t'oimd the ici Ihhim' sitii.i
ted i;a>l wli'
icre women oc iip\ the jd-ilnn due tn ihim
tiif eil''e III' a liriwlini; si eaiii. the lialcoiiies of the in the social scale: and «li.it is more, maiiv ol ll
upper rooms iiverliiic'iiiL! Mie w.iier
lliie,0
ids ciiiirleMiis mariv well, ollicrs reliiin to I In ir familii
d ijid-di ns, tistelnilv l.iid out «iili r.i.k work, and and others aLT.ti
11 I'll to sWi
till
ik- ol .111 Older wiiiiii
yew trees cut into ipiaint
ilie river to tin' point at which it eiitei
I
in a jiictiircsipie
dc
ipes. t'rin^'cd llie hank nf has i n iiesii:iialcd as tli.il of the I iLii^ini; iiiiiis. Siich
■ e .^'iiiiiiids woiiififi are ill aft. r iile jii'Lcd solely liy ti cir acts; no-
- Ill of a body ptTiiiits hmisL'lf to iciiiiiid tlieiii of tlioir past life.
'I'.iki
iiu' i'l
siiniiiiei'-liouse pi-rchcd on a pr.i|.'. tiiii; piiiil, ai
<d I'
which coiiini:
Hilled a eiiarmiiii! vii
«• ol I he
a^e .l.ip.ilii.
siiiroiiiid- l\iriii|ili r, in il
.\m
ll'.oile, acciili|i|,M
I'tS, tl
lev Sli;illllei| to ;
jr.Hip of yminu
iii| ciri'm.iiiii
1,'leat aliliiial rcliL;iiiii
ailed .Matsiiri. in wii
- plocessi.in.
icIi porlalili-
who eaiiie to look at lliein under the pretext of wait- chapel-, .lediealcil in local deities, splt'iididh yilt
ill'' for orders — their i|e>ire to lie furnished with some \ariiisli.il, .-ind carried in pioces>iiin,s. in which are
liiiici
llicheon.
Thev
it kept I
litiii'' fur their meal
st of h:
til
iiirte-aiis .'Hid I lilies in palani|iiins, alllill^l
iier^. The coiirie-aiis n prc-eiit in tinsc
»ilicil eoiisihted of some excellent vc^'clilile suiip, and | proccssi. ,hs I he hi-lnil.al c\ pidil ii m- ol llnir inikad
soiiK? rice illK
1 tish. I!
if dessert thev had 111 iisii- i or nation d I
melons, apricots, and pears
that thev 111
ill-
found tiiat tlnse
pleasure parties
I IKI
They
a f.ivoiirite result of
from N'cddii of tin.' Iii:;liest rank.
ili 111 .satisfvim^ the eraviiii,'s ot liiiii:.'ei'.
'aniens were
lldeiilV of tileir
ICIOC-, aii'l ilcliil
costumes Is sa
lU. I
le riiliiie.ss Mini
idtol.eadiiiir.'ilile. Tl
proce.^si.iiis are mimeriiiix ; Hirv h.ivi
lint siniare t.i .i
I'l"
lief,
if'' 111'' aiitlioritn
to :..,, li. tl
III (III
niporise lillle tlieatricai ellterlailinielits, uliicli ih
When any ;;raiidei' wisiies to I'lijov 11 dome^lie treat of not last niore th.-m aipiarter ol an Imnr. it is tin
tills sort, iiccoiiipaiiied liy his wife and family, lie ^.'ives ;aiiic in n '.'iid
I" llic
Ili
II r piil.lic rcji.iciir,'- 111 .l.ipaii. Ill
II previous notice ol Ins iiiteiitinii to the keeper ot tiic .vhali the cniii li s.iiis a
I"
tea 1
I lake li
II part, .'iliil I In
louse, so tliat 11 di;;liilicd privacy iiiav he secured . \cce(lin;;ly niiiin mils ; ti.i i hi- .lapaiiesc hi. Id that one
to liiiii. There, screenel Iroiii llie \iili,'.ir i;.i/.i', he and '1 the liesi iin alls to propiliiiie the duinilies, is not to
his companions five themselves up to the eiiioyment hiihv them with imosoii priMi~. siipplii'^itiim.,. nr
iiicii this species Iif rccicalioii alloids. Tlnir wive^
■'I . .
]ilay, (lance, or siie_' lor llnir lienelil ; in t.nl.
ss lamentations, i.iit io.Iimii i heiii.-el\ i ■.« in their
Ijir |.ii»eiiei'. coiilidiiiL.' llieni-( Im s In their inliniie eiiiid-
I'oiild he ;'atinr('d, llnv in
Very iiiiicli as in-s, ainl per..ii.i
led ih.il thev lake p|
plc.i-nre 111 sce'ii;;
vt> do wlu'U »e '.iru working olf llie fag-end of llie [leople i;ive tlieiuwlvus up to iiinoeeiit reciealiolis
"Ollitt
'
: f
I, i
2oe
ALL ROUND THE WORLD,
m
ili'ciii nil pnivi'l'M usi'li'ss, as (Joil knows lljr luillniii n|'
tlioir lii';iil> Ollnrs I'Vi'ii ilifiii it imlf inl In |iiisi'iil
(liciiisi'U rs lii'liui' tlnir cli'iiiis \\ Inn iillliiinl
'riii> .lii|nn(-i' liiiNc mUm liinli'-.i|ni- |piiH'i'>sion.s in
linniMir nC Siiliin. A >|U.irnl Ipavin;^ imii' iirisru wlic-
iIhi- tlir All ll iliLT'l "i»^ lihick, witlli', I -I or lT''"'!!.
ilii' Mikinlii ilniilril lliit IJnri' Will' i'\il -|Miits 111 ill
Imii coliiinN; iiiiil fxir Hincr, ihhi' ii yriir. a trinp|i •>!'
|H't'.i(ins niaikrij witli linriis, anil |iainliilliliii-k, w liiir.
inl, ami >;rri'n. <laiiri' llncniuli iIh' Iiumk In tin' siiiin.l
III ilniiiis ami niliir niii>i<Ml in>t inini-nls. Annai:,'
iitlirr jicciiliar I'l'stival-- is nnr ilrilirali'ij to the sunU cil'
till' ilrt'i'Msi'il, on wliirli iiira>iiiii an iiiliiiitr nninlii'i' iil
lillli* Iniats arc ili'livi'i'i'il n|i In tlic wimU anil wavrs,
I'l'aiin;; laiiilis ami lanicnis nnlili'inalii' nt' tin- mmiIs nf
till! ili'ciascil, IIS ill till' CliiiMM' l''i asl nl' l.aiitrnis
At aniitlirr (i'stival, tin- liii,'li aiillinii'ii's ami j{iaM'st
|ii'i"s<iiis (if till' fni|iiii' may In- seen llyini; kiifsl 'I'lii'
lliraliin^' nf lliis lias iint I n < lral'l\ r-l iMlsiird (III
niintlitT ilay, iniaiii, till! \vlinli' |in|iiilaliiin is to Ih'miii
liilsy 1 Iri Mill,' till" e'\il ^|a|■its tVniii llnir li iliilal imis ami
llinsc nf tlii'ir iii'iLililiniirs witli jiaii lii'il |iras ainl rvi'ii
|ii'lili|i"<. 'I'll!' ,la|iam'<i' lia\i' iilsii tlio liin>l iiia;;iiilii'i'lit
rniiiimiiiniai ivi' limit in;,' fi 'i.^ls nii nrnnl. KisM-lii-r
witiii'ssi'il niic at Nagasaki in u Inrli srM n linmlri il pi'i'
fnnin rs tmik |iart. On tlii'si .l^inns tin' slints aiv
'■alrfiilly swept, ami tin' limiM's ai'i' liiiiil willi ll ii^s,
la|ii'stry, or clnllics. 'I'lii' lirmii' linntin;; |irnii's>iniis
liavr II viTV .snli'liili rliai a<'( rr, ami liii linisc iii' ai'clania-
tiniis iit'aiiy kimi aii' |Mriiiillri|. Finiii tin' ili'M'l'i|ilinii
;{ivt'ii liy l''i.ssilii r, tiny iiiiisl I c nf iM rani'ilinary iiia-,'-
nilii'rnci'. Kii'iii|ifrr rnlah-., in ininn'ctinii witli tin'
saiiii' trailitiinis nf Inrnii: liiiiitiii',' tiiiirs, that a linrii nf
I'xlninrilinary iliiiii'n>iniis was ki'|it at tlic Ti'iiipl' ni'
.laiiiis. Il liail siiM'il in I lif amiiiit liiinls rniiii ■■
Mniintain nf Kiisi-yama. lull >iimi' rnlilniN ii.i^.ii:;
slnliii it. liny li'l il tall iiiln a livrr, ami it wa.s cnii-
\i'iliil iiitn a u'naiiliaii siiiril nf llir walris.
XV.— i;(»rNI) KANAilAWA.
Tills >iiiii; Hull' liay, iinw i'\ili.iii;.'i'l Ini- till' iiii-il'i'
lial'linlll' III Sininila. allnnls a ilrplll nf lllirti'i'll latll'illl^
• if watiT, a mill' ami a half linm ilm slimr. Wiiliin
lilt' liay ai'i' twn liranliliil i>lani|s, rnMiiil uillia ^'I'lin
^inwlli nf lii'iliaL,'!' alnl sratlilril ;;rnvi's. Tin' mast is
• ■nni|insiil nf a slnrnv-ii II nf sli'i'|i rlill> nt' wlljlc riH'k,
•iiMliil willi a fiTiili' si.il, wliirli |iiniii sa liili vr;ti'-
laliini lliat liaiiu's n\ IT linm nlmM-. in li.'avy lr>lnnns
• i\' ^I'l'i'ii sIii'iiIiIm ry ami trailin:; \ iins ami jilaiiN, wliilr
I III' sia lias wa^lii'il tin' liasn nt tlii' rlills Inii' ami llii'ii'
iiitn cavi'i'iis, w lull' till' walri l|n\v s in ami mil. Tlir
■iiiiniimliiii; <-niiiiliy is liraiilifnlly walniil, .iml mi iIh'
liaiiks nf a ;,'i'iilli' sliiain i-|n-lii' |iirliiii>i|iii' \ illa'_'i>.
liiNnml wliirli .sinli-l I li riili- lii'liU ami liiL;lil\ iiil
tivali'il LTal'ili'iis : iml liiiiu; I'aii In' liimi' |ii>'tiii'i'^i|iii' lliaii
till' laml>ia|ii' ii|inii ihi' siiriniiiMlin^ slmri's : llii' iliip
lirli ^ii'i'ii nf till' \ i';.'i'lalii'ii, till' iiinnim raliii' iliiiviii'.'
\ illa;.'i'S i'iiilii»nn'i-il in ill i.\ !■> nt' In-rs, at tin' Im-hU nl
till' iiili'ls wliii'li l.iiak till' nnilniinity nt' tin' liay, ami
till' rivillll.-. llnwilli,' ll.HMl till' L'll'in s|n|ins nf till' llill.-.
ami wimliiii; caliiily tlii'niii.'li tin' iniailnw-,. iiiiiiliini' In
fnllii a .si fill' nf iiianly, a'liiinlami'. allil lia|i|iini>s. lliat
t'Viynlii.' niniri's In mill i-iii | ilal 1'.
A circuit cmliraiiiiL; snuic live miles was tlic extent
of till' tielil of olisci'Val inn, Imt tliis n^vc an n|i|iiir
tiiiiily nl M'rim_< a v"""l ili'il "f tli^^ cniinlry, scm-imI
111 llie Milages, ami largo liunilicrs ul llie jicuple. 'J In-
c irly miriiii; in that tiinpcrat*! latitiiile was now much
ailvai I, iiinl was wiiriii ami u'cniiil. 'I'lic liclils ami
Il iraecil pinleiis v» i le liiiw earpileil with ii fresh iiihI
ti inler vrriliile, ainl llic li'ees Willi the full LTnwtli nf
rilnweil M'^clalimi spiea'l their shailcs nf al.miiiiliii;;
fnli;:;;e ill the valleys, ami nil the hill siile.s nf the hiir
mnmliii^' 1 niiiilry. The eamelli is, w ith the inillielise
•,'rnwtli nf flirty (fvi in liciyht, w Inch alimiml every
where on the slmies nf the liav nf ^'eihlo, were ill full
liliM.iii, with their lliai,'liiliii'lit reil ami «liite liln^snliis,
whieh ili-pliiM'il a rii'lims.s anil piirlly nf mlmir, ami
a per.'eilinll nf lleNeliipmellt llllli Valleil ehew ll.n'.
U illi It party nf nllieers wc werii mmlueleil to the
imnic of the iiiaynr, or chief liiaLristl'itc nf the town.
This ili;;iiitary. with ;;i'eat cnnliality, iiiel anil ^vel-
cnmcil IIS to the Imspitalilics of his estalilishnielit.
The interior was ipiiie iiiipri'temlini.', (niisistiin{ of a
l;iri»c I'lioni, .spreail wiili sni't mats, liijhleil with nih il
paper wimlnws, liiini,' willi rmlely cxeenteil carlnni.^,
'iml liii'iiislieil 'villi the usual rcil-cnlniircil licnchcs.
The wife ami siller nt the town otliiial soon
eiili'ieil with refri'slinieiils, ami siiiileil a tiniiil
Wilinpiie In the !.'llisls, Tlie^e wnlllell Were lialcfniiteil
ami hale lei.",'e.|, ami Were ilioseil Very nearly alike, in
il.irk enlolircll rnlii^, with nilleh of the llllill'es.s liink nf
iiiiihl U""!'*. seiiireil liy ft lirn.nl liaml pa>siiig rmiml
the wai^t. Their li,'iiies were fat ami iliiiiipy, or at
any rate appeaieil .sn. in llnir nimracefiil ilrapery : Imt
I heir faces were Iml Wiiilili!,' ill evprcssinii, for which
they were Very lllllcll ileh hleil tn their f,'listellilu» eyes,
which Were Mack as well as llnir hair. This laller
w.i> ilrc»eil at the tnp nf ihr lieail, like that of the
mill, tliiiiii,'li imt .slia\ci| in fr.nl. .\s their "riiliy"
lips paileil ill siiiiliici jjraeiiui^ly, tiny ilis]ilayeil ti mw
nf liLl' k teelh, set ill hollilily cnnniliil ({linis. The
w.irthy iii.iynr hail smne rcfii shiiieiils piepaicil for his
•,'iicsls, cnlisislini.' nf tea. Cakes, miifecl inli.iiy, ami the
iii'M'r ali-eiil .saki. Willi the laller was ser\ci| akiml
of Imt wallle, iiiaile appai'elilly of rice llniir. The civic
ilii,'iiit;iry hiniMlf w.i.-. very active in ilispeiisini; tlin.se
otl'erim.'^. ami was alily secnml'il liy his wile ami sister,
wlin aiwis- I'eliiailieil nil their kliees ill presence nf
llie ^Iraimeis. Tlii> awkwalil pnsitinn of the lailies
llill Mill siiiii 111 iiilerfcrc with their acli\ily, I'nr they
kept riiiiiiinu aliiiiit very Im-kly with the .-.ilMr .saki
ki llie, the .services of whicli, ill coliseipielici' of the
sniallness lift he cups, were ill enii-taiit rcipii-il inii. The
two lailies Wile nnee isiiii;ly eiiinleniis. ami ki pi linwin;;
their lieails like ii hnliliiiin tny niamlai in. The Miiiles
Willi which they per.sc\erilii.'ly j;rcetei| the giiots,
liiii;lit liiM' liech lictli r ili>pelisec| with, as every move
llielit nf their lips expn^eil the liniriil lillick leelll
The iiiaMiri'S was lllicniiiiiiniily pnlile. aliil was jjisiil
lialilleil enniii,'li to li|ii|i^ in liel' hal i\ , which Inr ;{Ui -Is
felt liniiml to make the most of, (linii^'h ils liirly lace
ami ;;eiieral iintiily iip|n'araiice inaile il ipiilc a painful
ellnrt In heslnw Ihe necessary C'art'S.si'S. .\ hitofcoli-
lei ;inii.ii V wa- preseiileil to llif infant, when it wiiH
llill I'll il I" liow ils sliaM'ii heail, which it iliil, with ii
ilei.'lie of piicnciniis |iiililciii-s that calleil fnrtll tilt!
ffi'e.itest Hpp.iiciit priile ami iiilniii.ilinii nn the part of
its im.iher ami all the lailies pre.-eiil. On piepariiiu to
ilepaii. the chill' of mir p.ii'lv prii|insei| the lieallh. ill ft
Clip nf .saki. of the wlmle inuiselinlil, which lirmi^'ht
iiiiii till! I 111. frniii il lici;,'lilinuriii;; apartiiieiit. tho
lii.ivnr's iimlhir. She was an am ieiit tiaiiie, ami a.s
siinii as si line ill. she si|n.illeil herself in niie curlier,
ami Ijowuil lu 1 tliaiik-s fur the couiplimoiil- piiiil to the
CHINA, COOIIIN CHINA, ANb JAFAN.
itOft
fatiiily, of wliicli mIii' was (lie . lilcsl iiiriiiliiT Ah tin- i
Jh|iiiiii'«' citlii iiils iici |nii>:cr iiitrrt'>-rr'l witli tlic ciirin
hIIV of tilt- |ii'njilc, tliiMi- WHS It ^iiciil l>|i|Miftlinil_V lif '
cili.iri'\ in;; tlii'iii. til >iii{li liiirrii'illy, :is iiiir |iiii'ty wri'i'
iilili};i'il ti> I'l'tiira nii'ly to tin- .Hlii|>H 'I'lii' |m'ii|iIi',
ill till' Hiiiiill towns ;i|i|ii'aiTil tn Ih' iliviilcij inti)
liiiit' |iiiin'i|i:il cliis.sis - till' iillii-iMls. tin- trmlcis
iiihI l.iliiiiilTis. Till' illfi'riiir |ii'M|ilr, nlinoht williiiilt
I \i'i'|itiiiii, srriiii'il lliriviii); mill nuili'iili'il. mill imt
crM IWlllkl-l, 'I'lll'l't! Wi'l'l' .si^'llS ipf |lll\l'll\, llllt III)
i\ i'li lie I' iif |iiil.lii- lnij.Mi y. 'I'lic w.itiirii, ill (iiiiiiiiiiu
Willi iiiiiiiy ill viiriniis iimi.H nf nvir |io|iiil iti'il l''.iiiip|ic',
wrri! I'rri|lii'lilly Krcii ell',',!;;!!! ill till) fli'lil laliiiiiis,
.••li(iwiii){ tin' {.'ciirral iinlii-try, ;iiii| tlir innssity of
ko'liili;; rviTV liiitnl Inisy ill 1 lie |io|niliiiis nii|iii'i'. Tin-
lnwcst I'liissts cVfii Wfi'iM'iiiiitoiliil'ly i'ImiI, I'l'iii^^ilrrsscil
ill l-IKIISO rottllll glll'llll'llts, of till- hllllM' flll'lll, tllllll^^'ll
>liiiiti'i', tlimi tliosi! of |||i'ii'Mi|ii'i'i.ii's. liL'iiit; u looso rnlii'
ju.st nivi'iinn ''"' ''i|''*- i'lny «"ii', for tin' iimst |iiit't,
Inil'c linnliil, mnl liin; fi"ilri|. Tiir sviitin'li wil'i- iliTsstil
very iiiinli like llm men, iiltlnni^li llnii' IiimiIs wi'Ii-
not sliavi'il liki' tlioM' of till' iii,ilr>. Mini llirii' loiii; hair
»:is drawn ii|) iili>l fi^trinil njioii tlic |n|i in a knot or
iiiiilir a pail 'I'lii' cosliiiin- ol tin' ii|>{M'r t'la>M'S ami
1 lin ili;,'iiil irii's lias licrii aln-nly ili'scrioi il In rainy
Hratlii'i', tlin .lapaiii'sc w. ar a 'ovi'imi; iinnli' of straw,
wliirli, iii'inn fisiriii'il to;j;itIiir it tin,' to|>, is Mis|)i'iii|i'il
IVoiii I III' link, ami fulls ovir t hr "lioiiMirs ami jii'ison '
likt' a tliatrlii i| i f
Sonn' of till' liii^ln'i' classt-a covir tin ir fnln'S with an
oili'il |ia|ii'r I'loak, uliicli is iin|»'i'iin'Mlili' to tin- wi'i.
Tlio liinlirrlla, like Miat of tin' < Iiiiu'MI is iiliiiost ii
niiislaiit roni|i;iiiion, ami serM'-i '"ill to .sliailn from ,
tliu rays of tlin sun, and to ki i'|i olf tlie clfiris of a ,
(.iiowir. Till' mill of all riasscs wrio t'Xni'diiii^ly
ruinli oiis, and, all lioii;,di ini|iii-itivi'al><int l lio straiii;!'!'-, \
ni'vcr lii'iann' olU'iisivi'ly iiiMiisiM' Tin' lower |ii'ii|il('
wi'iT fvidriitly ill '^Trit dioad of tlieir sn|Miioi's, and
Here iiioii' rrsi'i'Vi'd in tlicir |nrM'iii'i' tlian if tliry had
Ih'i'Ii left lotiirir nalnial iiiitiints. Tin- ri;;il exclii-
sivi'iii'ss ill li'^lMld to foiii;;mrs is a law nonly runted
liy the piveriiineiit from inolives of |ii>lii y, and not a
seiitinieiit III the .la|iane>e | |ile. Their lialiits are
social amoii;j theniMlves, and they fiei|iieiitly inter-
iiiiiii,de ill friendly iiiiei iii'sc. There is one featilii!
in till! hociL'ty of .la|iiii liy whieli the s'i|ieriorily of
the |H'o|i1e to all other oriental natioii.-i is rlcarly
iiialiifest. Woman is ret'o^nised ^is a eoin|ianioii, and .
not merely treat«'<l «.s a slave. Her |io>ilioii is cer- I
liinlv not as elevated as in those eointrii s under the ,
inlliieiiee of lhi'( 'hrisiian di<|iensation : Inittlnunotlier, :
wife, and il.iiiLlliter of .lapaii lire neitlier tlio chattels |
and household dinil','es of (^'liina. imr the |'Uiihased j
ohjei'ts of the i|iririoiis lust of the h neins of Turkey.
Tho fai't of the noii existeiiee of |ioly'_'iiny is a dis- ,
lilielive fealnre, wiiiili |ire eniinelilly charailerises the
•la|>miese as the iiiiiimI and relined of all easlein
nations. The aliseme of this de;;r;nlin;; |n;ntiet! hliows
itself not only in the superior eliannter of the wnnieii,
Imt in tin' natural «'oii.sei|m'neu of the greater preva-
lence of the doiiiestie \irtins
'J'Ik' .lapmie.sc women, always ex(('|iting tlic disijust- -
ill); Idack teeth of those who are married, are not ill-
liKikin;;. The yoiiiii; girls are well formed and rather
]irotty, mid liave iniich of that vivacity and self reliance
ill inanntM-H, wliiih coiiil' from a con.si'i^aisness of
dignity doriveil from the com|(ar«tivi'ly high regard
in which tliuy are huld. lu th«t urdiuary mutual iiitvr-
Vdl.I.
eoiirsf of friends and fimilies, the women have their
Hhare, and rounds of n isitini; and tea parties are kept
up as hriskl.N in .lapan as in the Initeil Stjites. The
attitude a-siinied hy the woiiieii, who prostrated them
.si'lves in the proeiiie of our party, inn^t lie i onsideied
riitjiera-sa mark of their riveieini' for the Htran'.;ers,
than as an e\ idenee of their snlioidinatioii 'I'liat in
the huge towns and lilies of J.ipaii tlnie is great
licelitioilsiiess, it is reasoiialilu to suppose, for sileh
seems, unhappily, a iini'ir-al law in all gnat eoininii
liities ; llllt it III list lie s lid to the I'll dit of t lie ,1.1 pain -c
wonieii, that during all the time it' the preseiire of the
sipiadroii in the llay of Veddo. tiny saw iione of the
Usual indications of wanloinii ..s mid licen.>e on the
|iart of till' female sex, ill the occaHiolial relations Willi
tho iniscellaiieoiis ships' ju'ople. While staying at
Kaiiagawa, the •Jap.'iiiese ollleials gavi- the ollicers an
op|iortunity of wiiiie»ing ono of the lelilnitii's ol
•lap.iii, a wrestling match.'
' W tiilc contniipliiliii^ tlic Milistmiliiil ex iiieiin-M ol' ,Iii|iiilie<i'
^N-lll'ltlsilN, till ll'teiltillll lit' llll \V;lH Mlllll.-llly t-i\, 1, ll ll|MI|| II IhI||\
iit'llllHe'tMII^ I'i'lliiU'S wllil tnilli|ii'll llii" II tin' b< :li'll liki' Ml tlllll ,\
liii^re I'li'iiliiinis. 'I lii'v wiTc pi'iili ■.•"inn,,! wir«llir>, uml Inniir I
I'lirt 111' till' ri 1 1 11111" iif I 111' I'rimi-, «liiil,i pt tin in lur lijiir priMilr
iiiinihciiii'iil mill fur pulitu- cut, rtit'inn. in. 'I'lit-y wi-ro miiiu'
lui'lil} -tivK ill imiiil'iT, mill wvrr uwu rimniiniii^ly tall in Htntiiri',
mill iiiinii'iiM' in wii.lil iirtli»li. Tin ir mhhI ni.slinin', wli.li
was iiii'i-i ly II <-<<l.iiiT-,-<l rlntli uImiiiI tl.c li'iti«,iiiliiri'i-il \ntli I'liiiiri'^,
a 111 I eihlilii/iiih ll wiili tilt' 111 rial line ii-.' nt' tin- ]>iiia-i' In w liniii
racli lii.>lnii^i «1, rixi'iili-il llii-ir t:'^"i>t •' pre) nrliia h in all tin*
liliiateil t'liliass iif'I'at ami l.n-.illli ol inii-i'lr, 1 lirir piii|irie|erii,
till' |i|-itu-i-!4, M-i ineil I'l llll i-t'tlii III, mal \\i ri' cariliil tn hlmvx tlu-ir
piiiiit-. In till' ^.'iiai. si ailvai.iii^'t' ll, tnr ii a-'nii'^i i il !■■ iiiilt_\ itieii.
.■snllli' twn nr tlil'i' 111' tlli«i' Il.nli.4lin Will' tin' llMi-t tiillikHI*
nrr-tlirn ill .la|i.iii. uiiil ninki'il u.s tin' ili: iiii imi >aN<ri< iinil
Ili't'liatiH nt' till' laiiil. hniiiLM.i. tlie rt | iitcti lailly ot lie ciqiital
was niiu i:| tlii'iii, mill |im iiliil liiiii.M ll' witli llic I'niiM'iniH priilr nl'
MilKTinr iiiiini'ii^it y 111 ll >tri ' i;tii. lie was t-hpi rially limii^lit In
till* i-"iiiliiiHlnri>, ti at lie iriulit cxmiini' lii^ lir.iKsi e ti>Mii. Tin,
inl 1SM..111T ill-i-t,il tl.at tllc II ill. > inns f'lllnw slnlilll lu-
ll iiiiCi-ly iii4(i, i-ti'il, tliiit till' liariliirss nt lii- uiU I' ni I'l .1 iiniM'lcM
sliMiilil lie tilt, mill tliat the t'atlii >i i tliis i il>li nliiil liie.i e hlinlili!
Ill' te^t' ll li\ til- tniu'li. '1 la' mil IlilN'ni e in t nrilil ^1\ lilt, n |i1t il tn
L'ia«[i 11 H ipinii'iise arm, which he lnui>il iii hnlal as it wa> liiiu'i-,
;iiiil tlllll I iiss< ll lii> lain) oV4'r till' iiiniistrniis iiii'L. whiih till in
tnlll.l nttlll^siXe lli'^h. likl' the (h'W'ap nt' ll pli/l' ol. Ah Snllir
-in|ir'isr wiH liilllPahs iX|irrs.-iil at llii UnlaUllllI <\liil.itinn nt'
iniiiiul iIiM |i |iii lilt, t..e mniiMiT hiiinrir L':nc a triiiil e\pri'>MVr
111 liin lilt;,' ''I vanilv. Tliev win- u'>n mi iiiiiiiiUm- in tli ^ll that
thry a|i|iiMr,il tn liavi- 1. st ili>tii.i I'm' li aliito. ami m , iiiil to hi-
niily twiiilx-livo tin s of tat; lleir e.M's wue haieJy vinihle
ihi'iiii^h a Ini:;; jM'isi relive lit (1' I'kel, tie prnitiimiire cit* thi-ir
liiiHi-s was lost ill tin- piilliii, ss nt' tlii-ir hlnat, tl i hei ks, unil th, ir
lll'inls «,ri' net almnst lii-iillv on their linilie«, willi t, 1,1s nt' ll, -h
will i'i> the iii'ck mill cilia are usually t'ninnl. 'I Inir threat si/r.
lliiHi \iT, \\;is llinrc nwilli; to tin' ileVelnlliii-lit nl lllUst le than
tn the ih {in. ulna nl' tat. t'.ir alllinii;.'li lliev wire cviilnilly
well till, till V wiie lint li-s will eliTciseil, ami ca; alle ol ^.Miat
feats of Kinnu'th. As a lireliiiiiiiary exliliiimi il llie |Hi«irs
of these null, the primes .set them to riinnviinr the mek.s
of rice tn a eniivi nielli place on the sin re for rlii) pint.'.
Kai'li of tlese Mi.-ks weit;lii-tl lint less llr.ii niic hniiiiid
iiiiiltv\,nt\ ti\,' |Miiimts each, ami tlier,' were niily n i-mipl, ni tli«
wrestlers WHO ilni mit earrv each Iwosackiiat u liine. 'I lie_\ h**re
tin' wiiks on ilic r (.'lit shmililir. lil'liiii; the liist fruiii lie uimiml
anil ailjustint; it wiili<>iit help, hut nhiaiuin^ a il l"i tlie i.iisinu' nf
llll' Mi'Minl. One iii.iii canii'il a sack siispeiiili il hy his le, tli. anil
aiintluT, taiiini; nneiii his anus, tiirneil repeat, il sini.iiiersmilts un
he liel.l it. Ill ll apparently with us nnich case as if his tniis of
tlcsh hill heeu only so iiiiicli j;iiss.inier, ami liiii I "iiil n (cutler.
Aller ihispnl iiiiiiar\ ill. play, tlieciuimis-i i i r |irnpiseil that the
eiiiiiiiHHlnre ami his party shniihl reiire to tl.,' tieaH liniise, where
tllev \lntlhl have llll nppnrlliui'y nf lieeili^ the wresllelii fxhihll
their prnfcssiniial f,-ats, 'I'lii' wnstlfis tl.tiiiselM s arc iim^t cure-
fully prnvitleil t'nr. haviiej eniisliintlx almiil tin in a iiiiuiIht of
Hlleiuluiita, who w«r« ulwayii at liaiiil in supply thciii with fmii,
wliii'li lL«} unvii rei|uirwl, and lu awitt tliein in ilreitiaij «i d
tid
ALL ROUND TIIK WORLD.
XVL— iT.\niK.\i:i Tin; ii mm-v i»i;si'.\tcil
\VlIKN ■l .lllllillirMl- i>t' ill-.ri||i'liii|i ||;l'> illcMI'I'i'l SI'II
ti'iiif 1,1' ilfaili t'i|- I'N iiii|i|i', III-" >ivi'riii;ii Iff |ii'iiiii'
Hi'iiils liiiii 11 litlli' nwui'il, iir, ari .>ri|ii(i,' to oiIh'ih, ,\
iiii.isivo nil a liiii. Oil till- ri-i'i-|iiiiiii uCiliis iiiiwi'lcomc
|>ri'Mi>lll. ill ' ■Fii|iiil|i'4<' iiisiiiiii'H II |ii>i'iili:il' i||'i>«M, wliii'li
It i« Willi I'MI'V cilir llii-i in I'l'.ililii'^-. t'Pi' •(iicli III! I'Miit ;
mill 111' ill. 11 ',''ii"* I liruiiijli ilif 1 iTiiii iin "I' llii'H:ii'i
kliri, iir ill-' nliiivvi'lliliL' liilii-.(it'. in lin' |Hr-iMiri' nf lini
I'liVDV. At till' .•»iiiii' III mii'iii a Milliii, nr ,1 si'i\ ml,
or II tVii'lul, I'lIM nil' \u- Ih'mI «illi .1 ^wir.l. i'lii'^i'
ti'l'lillli' Mi'lll's llli' siillHitilli'> I'll nil' I willl l,'|i';lt(|'
Cl'I'l'llinllV ill till' l"lll|ili'>. A •l.l|ill|i'V ;jiMltli'lll III ll IH
iH-vi'i' I II kiiiiwii tu liii'.ii ill', wlii'ilur lie was ^'iiiliy
nr mil. jr. al'ti'i' riiliiii,' liiiii^i'll' ill ilir luwiir |Mi't "T
till' liinly. III' li.i> ~lill -lri'ii','lli ■iiilli'ii'iit In i;ivi' an
a I'litiiilia! rut at Ills lliiM.it, li'' nljliillA tlli'l'i'liy lil'i'al
I'l'li'lilitV.
'{'Ill' llllllisllllli'llt iit'iji'alll ii illllil'ti'il t'cir till' Hli;;llli'.l
I'l'iiiics, |iii'iiriil II ly I'll' tlii'l't. Wli'ii'viT lias stnli'ii I'.ii'
till' Vallh' III' nil'- |irllll\ Ills nil |ill'i|iill tn CXII.iil j
Wliiisai'MT lia/ ii'ls any iii'iiii'y In 1,'iinlillii;; Insi's lii.s '
lil'f, t'luvaiilii'i'. i-.\iiii'liiiii, mill i'vi'h smui'iimi"* tlio j
ultt'i'aiii'ii lit' a laUi'li'i I i, I'-iiM'i'i.illy if svitli a virw to
iH'rvcrt tl ii'sr ill' jiistii'i-, is |iiiiiislnii| with ili'iitli. j
l<iviiij,' iiii'lri- >iirli ,1 sy-l III III' li'.;is|,ilii)n, it is iin
wiiinii'i' tliat till' wiiinii, :i' Wi'll as ilii' in 'ii, ai'.'Ust.nii
tlii'liisi'lvi',> t.i i'.iiili'iii|il ill' .jialll Willi li'>s li'i'lin;; iif
ili'rail lliaii H rii^l ml iiy III Kiiiii|ii'. Tlii'y arc siiil
I'Veli tn silll'i'l' ilii' I'lil'li'st I il't lI'i'S with ;{ri'it ■•iinliii'ss
It is, liiiwi'ViT. niily till' iinMi's aiiil llii' iiiilll iiy wlm ,
I'lijny tlii> )irriiliai'iy .la|iiiii'-.<' |ii'i\ ili';{r nf ri|i|iiii:^ ii|ii'n
tlii'ir lii'llii'>. .Miii'ii nils, I'ltiz.'iis, ami |ii'r>iiin nl' iii-
iiMilri"'i>iii_'. U'liiU' :it ri"it, llii'V ai'i' "nliiiiii'ily cl'it'iisl in rirhly I
Mil'iriK'il I'l iIIm's "I llii' ii-ii.il .lupiiii'-i' railil'iii I lull » lien I'mi'-
i'i»iiii{, llii'V >M'fo •.!ii|iii"i| iiaki'il. «iili till' i'xri',ili'>ii "t tlu' I'luili
ili'iilt 111'- i'l'iiK. .Vn'rllu'ir |«'rl'r^.i,iiiri' Willi tin- sirkn nl' rirc. ■
tlu'ir MTvili.r* ipri'i I uii'iii tla* liii^rr It'jiiii''* ot' tlu' wri'stliTs llii-ir I
rirli t'aniii'M!-. Mil I li'il llirai ii|i t.i lIu' tii'.ily-lioii'.i'. .\ ,irriilar
-pai'i' ul'-ioiii'' lurlvi' I'l'i't ill iliunii'trr, ti nl hi'i'ii ni.-l'i', '1 uitliin ii
riii^r, anil til.' i{ • "iii'l ctift'iiUv lii'iiii'ii up ami s iiiioi!i.- I in IVuiil
III" till' liiiMiii.', «liilu ill till' pirilni, iliviiH I'livmil witli roil
oliilli wi'ri' .irranL'i'il t'lr tin.' Jirnni'^i* c'liiitiii-.siiiiH'r*, tlui I'mii-
iniiiliiri', his ulHi'rrs, anil liiii varini^ iitti'iiilaiits. t'lu' hamU
Irinii till' si lip- \vi'i-<' al^'i ill att'-ii 1 Ml '■', an I cnlivi'iic 1 tin' inliirvaU
iliiriii;; till' p' rr<irni.iiu'<i witii or>';iHi inal livt'ly sir.iins A'* s'mii
as till' spi'i'l.iMvs li;iil tal>"ii tli'ir vits, tin' n:ik 'I ivri's I'T.s
wiTi* liri'ii_'!il Milt int'i till' riti.', miil tin' w .nji' niiinliiT li.-iii;^
iliviili'il iiiic livi p.irlirs, iri'iip'-il iti'inily ii.n'ciaiiril ;iii I I'oriv.inl,
I'l'ikiii^ ili'liaiu''' lit "iir .111 illiri', lin' ii'i' I'liu'iLjiii.' .11 1 i.v i'iiiili'»t,
as tliijr iilij,.<'t Hiis niiTily tn jiiri ii' tlnlr pniiits, t i ulii,' tin' li ■•
linl.lcri, as it »rri', 111 1 iliiinty I" I'tii an I'-tiinti! nl tlirir
r'iiMp:ir:iliv.. p'i»'i.|'.>, Miiil In llla^l' lip llii'ir lii'tlin.' Ii.inks. 'I'lii'V
K<Nin rutiri'il lii'liiinl Slim,' s<'ii'i.,i< pi ii...|| I'nr 111.' pa'pisi', wIht.'
all, witli till' I'x.i.pti ill III' tiv.i, H-.Ti' a.'iin i'l.itlii.| in lull ilri'sn,
anil In >k tli.ir p .•it'.in .i i ■. ills in I'r.mt nf llir >ii i' .itnrs. I'lii'
.twi. wll.l Iriil 111'. 11 n.si'lVi'.l lilll 111' till' lunil, limv, nll till' >i.':i.ll
bt'iii:; Eivin liv tin' InTill- wlii w.-i'i' si'iil.'.! ppn-ih' >ii|r-,
pn-si'vli'il lln'ni«rl\i.s. Tiii'V I'uini' i m' alti-r I'... niln'i-, wnli
(Intv anil ili'liliir.iii' s'l'ps, U" lii'i'.inii' sncii lin.'i' iiniiiaU. intn ill"
ccntri'ol till' r.iiu'. ilirii tln'V ran.'i'il tlii-ni.ilvi's inn' a(.'iiii>t tin'
otliiT, at tin' ili-I m.-i'iil' a li' » ynil*. Tiny I'lnmlnil I'm' aivliili'.
eyrin;; I'ln-ii nili.T willi a H'aiy I "ik, lo il .' I'.'li wi'n' ttaiiliin,- I'lr
a clianri' tn i',i',li li < nn' i;;.,ni~l nil lii< u"iaril, .As tin' -jh'iI ilms
limki'il nil tli.-i' ini rl.il III iis'i'i'., ivl aii!'..'i'. ii.ilnri' li nl I i
no iiiii'I'iilly ami siiii'i'. sillily .ii'Vi ln|.i'.|, an I .is lin wat.ln'.l llirni
glarill^: Willi lini'il I'.rn.iiy at .-.icli nllnr, r ly In cvliiliii lln;
t'rurl iiisiiiiiti nl H liinl.il nalnri'. it was i;i-v I'nr linn tn
Imii' all si'iis,. Ill tlii'ir Ik-Iiiu' liiiiii.in lii'iii.'", ami I" pi'r.ii uli'
lilniii'll' lliiit 111' was ln-linliliii..' a mipl.' nl' Innii' lirasls
tliir-tini; liir ..ni' aiiitln'r's IiI.khI. lii. y wniv, In l.nl, likn a
cniipli' III 111 111- liiilU, wlins.' uaturi' liny jiail iint niily in'i|iiirisl,
lint oviii lliiir links ami inminniirs. A> tlmy I'niiliiiiii'il In
tji' null olIiiT, tlii'j !itaiii|ii'il till- jfrniiint liuavily, pawiii;;.
fi'i-ini- rank, h'itIvi' tlnlr puiiiiiliinuiit rrniii (In' hitiidl
111' illl rXl'i'lltlnlli'l-,
'riii'i'i' ii-i' mi i'l'wi'i- til III til'ly ilill'iii lit Ii's nf |M'r-
rnl'iiiiii',,' tilis must liiii'i'ilili' |irai'tiri' nl II iiikari, wliirli
all' 1 tistiiinary luiiiiiiij llii'Mi nrinilal slnirs. Cni'. it, in
till' t'.i'i' 111' sinli I'arls iis tlnsi', lie saiil llial il is tint
ili'>i|-.ilili' In imikr kimwii In llii'iii liy all |iii>'silili'
Mi'alis II liiiil'i' lM'iiii.'li ami a linil'r lilimalir .syslcin nf
I'l linimi ami ni'iiMlil\ i
i»li|il I ili'^i nlii's till' Iniri'ililii |irarliri' nf ilnHnfi-
kari a^ li niiiii; Ki'ii'lnally i'\liml : Init .Mr. Kiiialiiiii
I 'ill liw.illis I'i'Inli'S ail imiili'lil wliirli nnlirrnl ill llJ!*
|ilr^.' , wliirli sllnw > llnW striili;; II lliilll II CILstnlll,
linWi'MI' Mlilinl'l'i'llt illlil llllliatlllal, wliirli lllls Inl'll lii|l|{
ill I'nrri', may Iiim' hmt |irii|ili' ni Ini w isc sn iiilcllini'lil
111' WHS walkinn mi slmlr at Siimnla, in ('iini|iaiiy willi
till' >ailiiin ma^tir nf an .\ iinrirali sliip, \s lirii, Iir sivs,
till' lir>t iiliii'it nf imti' lliat tliry iniin' In, wii.s a spy
linllsi' nf lialllliiin, wliirli llinl llri'll t'lii'Icil .silii'l' tlirir
arrival, I'nr lln' |.iir|iii>'' nf riialiliiin tlic .ln|iam'M' nlli
rials W'llll nri'lljiii'il II In llnli' I'St'lVnlll' llinl lift till'
,slii|i, ami I'.'iii^i' liiiii In III' fnllnwril I >r wali'liril liv out'
nr inni'i' nf I Inir iiiinilii'r.
TIli'V lli'nl mil |iii»i'i| tills |iliiii' nf r>|iinnii^r liinli'
tlian a liiiiiilrril \ai'il>, wliiii n ('iiii|i|i' nf twn swiiiiliil
nllii'ials I'liK'I'ni'il fi'iilii its |iririlirts nliil Inllnwi'il tllclli,
very s.inii ('iiiiiiiii,' within s|iiakiiii,' ili^tamr 'I'lii'V
s|n|l|ii'i| In allnW nf thrill In riillil' ll|i, lillt llny lllsn
li.ilti'il. 'I'lii'-i' li'lliiws Will' \ir\ iiiij i'|iiilal' with tin'
■^illim,' nii^li-r, wliii hail an iliMi|'<'iai.li' iilijrillnll In
lii'iii;.; walrhiil; llir riin»i'i|inii( i' wii.s, that tiny lliriiril
liai'l;, ami ('lii>i ly inhfrniili il tlii' iwn, tnwlinmlhi'y
mull' iiliiiii-.taki'ali|r siniis that tlii'y uin iint walilfil,
amilli.il tiny Wniilil nlilini. l,y j^niiii; In llir aualli, ill
as it wi'i'i', willi iinputirnri', anil llnii slimp'iin llnir lin^:c'
li.iilit'*, I In'V ^'iiispi'it liamlt'iiU of iliil, iiinl tiK^ril il with
aii;;ry ji'i'k nvi r tliiir liai'l..*, nr riil'ls'-l it iiii)iiirniiilj' In"
tvviiii tlirir ^ianl palms, nr iiinli'r thrir siniil hlii'iilili'r«.
Tiny ii'iw I'lnni'lii'il Inw, i-lill knipaiu' lliri" i .m - liMil iipnn I'mli
nllnr, iiml WMlcIni:^' rvrn iii"M'nn'iit, iiiilil in nn in'lant tlirv
linlll -illilllaurnll-ly lii'.lM'll Ihrir llia--ili' I'nni ^ in nppniillj: Inri'r,
linil\ I'llinly, Willi a Inii'i' tliiit iiii^ht Inim' sIi iiIiI'iI nil ii\ : llic
n|nililii-iM'ii nf tlii'ir iiiniistrnns riiinii's wiis l,;nill\ ili>iiii 1 1 il hy
tin' •''llii'iii'''' 111, till' 1 lli'i'ts nl wliicli were hut I'liii-iy vi^ili'i- in thn
ipiivnr nf tlin liiiii::iii;: lli-.! il'tlnir Isiilii's, /s liny Ciiiin' tn^ellirr
llii'V hail thrnwii llnir hnnMiy nrms amnial ciih mlnT. iiml wrrc
iiiiw ent v\ iiii-il ill a ili'ipi'taii' ^ti'np;;h', inch ^1 ii\ iiiu' with all Ii'k
I'linnnniH -Irniu'ih |nilir"« his mlvrrsiiy. 'I'lr ir ;:ii iit iiin-ih">
rn.i' «iili till' ili»iin<'t 1 iilliiii' 111' the mnlptiiiiil Inrin nl 11 i'i.ln>,.iil
Iliiriili'S, thi'ir hinili'il I'.'iiiiii'ii.iiiri H swrllnl lip Willi i;ii-ln'» nf
hlnnil wha'li ki'i'iiii'il I'l'inly 111 hur>t tlirniiu'li lln' 'kin nf tlii'ir
rrilili'llnl f s, mill Ihrir Imp' lunliri p,llpiliiti ll wilh illlnliilll lis
till' •'tnii;-.:li.' cniirMiiii-il. .\l fi-'l mu' iit t.ic niil: piiii''t'' tell, with
hi-i iiiiini'iisi' wi-iL^lil hi'.iMly iipnii lln* pi'nnint, iiinl Ih-iiil' ili'rlairil
V iinpiislii'il, was .i>sii|,',| i.i lii.s li'i-t, itnil I'l inlmiril tr'iii llir rill;;,
l 111' M'l-iir was iinw ^ 'iiirw hat varii'il hv :i I'hnt ^r in tin' kiinl nl'
rntn|in'>l Is'twciii twii '>ini' I'liiii',; wii'sil, r^. 'liir III raliU, as
iii'l'ri', Hiimimi'iiil tin' iiiil.i.'"n>ls, ami hM', hmiiiu' taki'ii liii
pi n-'' In till' riiiL', ii--iiniii| i.n aiiilnli' nf ihl'i inr witli nun n'n in
inlvani'i', as if tn slnnly liiniM II, iiinl his U'lit ImhIv, wilh lii> In ml
liiwircil, phn'i'il in pnsilinn im if rniiily tn M'i-iim- nn altiu'l..
Imniriliatriy al'tir. in riishnil 11 llnT, Ullnwiiii.' Ininlly like a
hull. II i| makiiii: at inn'i' I'.r tin iiinii in tin' lin^;, il.islml, w.lli
hi- Innl Inweri'il, ianllhril>t fur .ml. ii>,Min-l tlin hi'iiil nl' his
ii|ipnin'iil. wlin hiii'i' ih' «hc»k wilh till' Kli'inlim ■•> nl a ns'k.
iillli.iii.;li till' hi I i.lri aiiiiil i|nv\ii his liii'i' f mil hi« hniisiil hirr-
liernl, «li I'll Innl lii'iii -Inii'l. in lln' iin'niiiili'r. Thl- miiiiii'iivri)
wa» rnpi'ili'il iiu'iin ami ii^aiii, thn >:inu' niii' intintr nlways iis the
ii'.pi-in.' ui'l tlnMithir as tin' ri'-istii"_' I'nni' ; mil lin) I'lpt up
llnir hriilal ' nnti'-t until their Inreln ails wire I I'liinan il with
hliHiil. mi'l ihi' lli'sh nil tlieir eiii'«ls rnse in i;r.!il tniiKnirs Imiii
thl' ii'|»'.il.'il hl'iws. This ilisiriiiiiii;: Kpii'iinle ilhl nm ti'rinimitd
iiiilil liin whnlc twi'iitylivi' Innl, sur.i-»i\n, in pairs, ili.sjihi^*!*!
th,i; i'nuii'iiM' jHiwt'ra iiinl saviiyi' unalitiri.
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
•II
token of wiiii'li llii' siiiliiiK iniuitt'r took liolii <i( oin' nl'
tllclll l>,V lllr >llolllllir«, tliriH'tl Ills liUl- IoWiIIiIm tllr
liiiiiihiH> I'llllii'i', iiikI gnvr liim n rIi^IiI |>iisIi in thai
cliri'i'lioii.
'I'liis iiioili' of |ii'iii'i'i'ilin;( wiiH not, liowrvi'i', rrlinlii'il
Ijy till' licioi's of ill" two swords, who ri'fiisrcl to ii'lmii ;
upon wliii'li till' N'liiikir Mil iiiilri);roiis liriiti' it iiiiist
lie iiiliiiiltril ii'look liis niiiii liy tlic slioiiliii'is, i^avt'
liiiii Miiollirr iiini in tin' iliirrtion of llii' IuiiiiIhio, iinij
{K'i'fornicil uilli liis jicitxy ('\|H'ililioii liool h violt'iit
I'l'iTiiiony, wliirli is iisiiiilly rmiMilrii'il iinytliiii;; liiit
ll;ill('rini[<iriinr iMr lliiiniu'lionl tin' rrsl oftlic world,
liiit ill ■liijiali \Mis Mil insult tlint liii;;lit siifrly lif incrii'd
liikd iii'viT liri'ii rniiiiiiiili'd lii'fori', niid w liirli could
iiloiH' 1«' avenged liy driilli. Witlioiif, tlirrrfori', iiMkiiiy
till' sli;:liti'st iilli'iii|it at nl iliiilioii on tin- li<>dy of Ills ,
ailvi'isiry, lie iiii>liralln'd lii> rliicf srtonl. wliicli, Ix-aii |
lifiilly liiiniislii'd, tl.isliid lor iiii iiislant in llic hiiiI'
iil{lil; till' Vankri' mcaiiw liilr I'Nii ir.iti'd hi-, irvolvnr ,
fioiii ItM liidiii'4 |ilai'r ; It was liri'dlrsH, tiir at two easy j
sirokrs - twii ^ji'lilli? .-I.islic's of ill it ki'i'li rd^ii'd wi'a|>on, I
|irii'oriiird ill IIII instant, olio iiri-os till" ollii'i', till' li'tti-r '
\ III' li.'id disi'iidniwi'llrd liini.-i'lf, and (ill, ii swiftly
d\iii^ man. As In- ri'ai'lird llii' (.'round, lio rast U|i liis
I'Vi's at Ills advi'isary, mid Miiiix Idui .slaiidiiij; near,
a|i|iiiiriitly Willi no iiiti'iilion of toilowini; liis i'.\aiii|ili',
III' i'\|iri'>si'd till' most I'i'ai'fiil j>{oiiy, Mr. Kinaliiin sa\s,
III' had I'N'rr Ipilirid.
All wi're tilii'd «illi dismay at this straiijjr rvrnt,
whili' the lirotlii'i' ollirial siirviyrd tliriii tlirrati'iiiii;,d\
«itli looks of till' most inli'ii-.!' lioiivjr.
"Ill- rxpi'ils you to kill yonrsi'lf in like maiiiii'r,
mid with till' saiiii' sword." Niid the Sanduicli islander.
Till' Yaiikri' liiiitti'i'i'd out soiiii'thiiif^ to the ellett
that /in iriin iii mir/i /'m/.
Meanwhile the dist utions of the dviiij^ man were
|iuiiifiil to look n|>on ; tl llier oltlrer motioned them
away, and went down on his knees lieside the wounded
I'odv, and liefoie he rose, a few seionds at'lerwards, the
man was dead. They were miii li alarmed at this tra-
;;ieal eiii.-iHle in their niorninn's |.roeeeilini.'«, and visions
of soiiiethiiii,' worse thin lieiii;; indieted for nialislallghter
were eoiijiiii.l up liy them with j^ieat ra|iidity.
'J'hesi! Vaiik' es appear to lia\« heeii very Ulieere
nionioiis with the .1 ipanese the most eeremonioiis
people ill the world ; mid an amusing instaiiee is related
liy the suiiie traveller of the t.iliies eleverly turned upon
one iif these presuming ;,'iiitli'iiieii. 'I'liey were, lis
usual, tukin>{ h stroll in •SiniiHia, when they nrrived in
front of one of those eoiufoi t.iMe lookiiifj two-storied
estalilishmeiit.s towards tlio end of their ralnlile, from
wliieh tliele eaiiie Hounds of ]ileasaiit Iiiil.sie.
'• llillo!" exelaimed his compaiiiou, as if in astonish-
ment, '■ iiiiisic ! eh/ listenl ho you hear ("
And then, as if snddunly seized with an iiinoiitroll-
ahle attaek of Yankee eiiriosity and iiii|uisitivi'ni'ss,
and without pansin^j to loi.sider of the polii.eiiess and
|iro|irii'ty of the proeediire. he at oiue eoiiimeneed
I'liniliiii); lip to the roof of the )>oreli, to see, as he said,
what W'ii8 ;;oini,' on For a nioiueiit he appeared to lie
lookini; with ea;;er salisfaetion upon the sinht liefore
liilii, liut as ipiiekly a eloud .seemed to ero^s his faee,
ftnil he eaiiie down with a solier, nonplussed .'-mile, and
an as| eet eon.-ideraldy eliaplalleii.
" Serves me right !" said he. " I was looking in at
tile sei'ond door window, Three niiisieians were seated
■j: I he inner side of the matted tloor, in the centre of
which was n large lacquer triiy full of viands, of which
.1 iniddlii aged .lap.inese Jiiid a young, highly dresM'd,
and M'ly pretty giil were |iartakiiig uith iiiiinistaki'
aide relish, when"' —
He paused. "Yes," Miiil the Kliglihhllian, " go on."
"The man got up with a ipiiet dignity wliiili put
me to tile lilii^h, and '
" Yes," Mind he again, "go on.
"Shut I he windotv in my face."
Mr ( Miphaiit .-ays, the llarikari iiMtliod ol ^llil•ide,
tl Illy Japanese enslom with which tin' »-s|erii
world has long lieeii liiiiiiliir, has of late M'ars as-
sumed a somewhat moililieil form, and no longer con-
sists in that iinpleasanl process of aluh men ripping,
which niu>t liiiM' lieen ainio.i ^,s di-agici iihle an i.pi la
tion to witness as to pei torin Ills Irieinl, lligo ho-
kaiiii. jircM'tiled him with a knife proper to he used
under the ohl system- an e.\ecediiii.'ly t iisim ss like
Weapon iilioiil ten inches long, sharp as a rn/ij. and
made of sli el of the highest tilll|ier. Now. this knife
is only iLsid to niiike a slight ineisinn, signili. ant of tho
iiiteiilioii of the viilini to put nil end |o h iiimU'. lie
has eollccled his wit'e and liin ily to .vee h"W a hero can
die; his dealest friend- he who, in our conntiv, wiuild
lia\e lieen the liest man at I i- «• ililing- sliinils over
him with a drawn swoni, i lel. wliii he ci mnn iices to
make the aforesaid iin i-ion, the sWord iIim i mis, iiuil
the lic.iil rolls at the ti el ot his disrun.'-olali' faniilv.
Whether this nolle of siiicide is leaMy lommonal
ihe present day he ii iild Int asci it.iiii ; Im iii.-tanee ol
il came to their know |i dge during llieir .■h.y,iiiiil it is
loo seri us a step to lie Inkeii, i xei pt i n m ly weighlv
giiiiinds. These inay nri.-e eithir fimn failnie oi
neglect in a piiMie liiisi, or in coiiseip eiice of the
lonimiss'oii of. SI. me pri\ate injury. ]n .snine iiislaiiccs
it (■eemed to answer the ) iirpnses of a ilinl- it is the
leduetion of that praclue to a logical ci iielusii ii, and
tcrniinales in the dralll of Imlli pai'tiis ly the hands ol
their friends I'ut more eoiiinniily ii is icm'iIhI to as
a means ot preserN iic flolii dlseiace a whole liimily,
one mcmlii r of which has in si ine way ili-lionouri d
his name ; il is a ceititicate wliii h wlnti washes all the
sur\ Ivors. A man who tuns to laie his destiny in
tliiM form, when the claims ot h.ii our ilcmand it. places
his entile family wilhoiit the sieial pale. Mr. (I|i-
)>lianl .sjiys, he is imt awaie whiiein the flapane.se
I niiils of hoiioii: coi.sist, liiit we inay a.->iimi' that,
where the piescivation of it in the llniiv idllal rei|Iiiies
so great a .sael'ilice, the .staliilaid is plopoi'lioiiali!\ liigh
— far more so, prohalily. than would suit oiir \ lews in
I'lngland, where it would lean i \< 1 1 iliiigly iinpopul.ir
way of .solving a coiistitulii nal dillii idly. A iiiinistry
Would always prefer a di.s.soluiioii of parliament to u
dissolution of this naiiire. Il is pli ii.saiitcr to go to
the country, than out of it A meri' cli.nige of govern-
ment, even in .lapaii, liiiweMr, doi s not ilivohe these
coiisei)Uciices, unless the Tycioii is iiiiplicated ; witness
the still li\iiig Ititsu no kaiiii.
I'erliaps il is hecaiise the happy ilespntch " is
found to lie an ineonvenii nt w.iv of siltling jicrsonal
or politiial ditlieiilties, that miollier mode exists of
removing a dangerous |H'rsoii, much nioie relincd in
its character. When a man lieiomes an ol.jcet of
di .trust or suspicion to the government, liihcr from
his gre.it inlliience or wealth, he is pmnioteil to .siino
ollice, generally at Miako, which he is Lompclled to
aceopl, and which entails sinh a vast evpendiiure that
lie is inevitahly ruined. Kveii if his ineuiis stand the
tirst shiK'k, one visit from the Tycoon, whin le •{""•
n -.;
t i
M2
ALL R0UN1> TUU WORLD.
i
; I
I >
1 1
ti) |>iiy )ii.-. ri'XjK'i'ts Ui llii- .Mikailn, r(iiii|ili'li's tin-
«<irk.
Till' sliiM' III' iN'riMimiiv anil ti'aili(i"iiiil I'tiijUi'tir
• liiiiiii; lili'. :i .),ili:iiirM' is not rvrri iillmviil ti) ilir in
|Maii\ Wli'M licit h ii|ii«'ais inr\ italiji', liii' palii'Mt's
lint ill's arc rrnhivril, ami liinr |i|.i'r ^ii|i|ilifil liy hi'h'In.
TliiM' ail' |iilt nil tii|isv tnrvy. llir slrcMs at tin- I'l'rt.
■■<u>\ tlu' liiwiT pait il|i«alils. Wlu'.i ilraii, tin' l^'iiy i>
Liiii nut with till' iii'ail til till' nm'lli ami tin' t'aii' to tin-
wi'st. 'I'lu- t\alrr with whirh tln' lioily is w.islinl is
wafinril mii a [ir.'|'l;,i'i' ki'pt (i'l that r^i.i'ri il |iiii'|iii-i'
AliMilii I'^i'ali I luili t ul'llii' ili'iiil is llii'li j;nni' thimi^li ,
till' lioily is laiil iiiit wirh its lu'ail tn thr MHith. ami
fiiiiij is jirnll' ".•I'll. A vi'iy luiil" liiiir, Ihihi'M'I', i>
aliivv.cii to I'lajisi' lii't'oii' llir I'lilirlal taki'N |iia,'i', w Inili
is atti-mit'ii liy all tlu' ii'lativi's, nuiic anil t'liiihlt', in
» hii' ''aiini'iits '
XVII. — M.M'CDDAIU. I
TllK sjiai-ioiis ami iH'antil'iil l>ay of Ilalioilaki, tin-
.■N-it'tsl aii'i most aci'i'ssiiili' in tlic worlii, now an ii:i
portant hail- ;r tor ".n> Ur..\r o|' Japan willi l'aiio|ii'
iml Aiiiciii'iL (i. s o', till' iiorthi-ni siiii- of' tin' Strait ot
Sanu'».".i, whu'li sr, uatrs Nipoii iVom .lipo, ami the
town lii's oil till' 'V. -Iiin hank 't' a sii. ill pi'iiin.-'i!a
whii'ii loriii- one >iili' of tin' harliour I'lii' toMii
stiit'-hi .-1 pii'tin I'MjiU'ly for tlirri' inihs al'iiii; tlio Iiiini-
ot II lolly pr'iiioatory, with thr.'i' pi-.iks ii>iiii; iVoin
niKl to i.itlKl (I'^'t. I'lii'si' ai'i- iiai-i' at tin- sniiiin.t. ami
• il'ti'ii roviTiil witli snow, tlii'ir i.ppii'slopi's.iri- srai'-riy
'lothi'il witli iimli'i'U'ooii ; Imt Im'I'iw, uhrii* lli<- iiioiiii-
lains lii",'ii to ri--!' from tin' low i.iml. thi'i'i- afi' "{rov.'^
'if «iiii' -pi >■ •iliiii; ryprissi'S, tall foii'>t. iimplrs, ami
tniitli'aiiii^ till'-, till' pliiui ami tin- pi'.nli. A low
-amly i-lliiiiiis 'oniii'i'ts tin* poallisnla with tho inain
lii'ii. 'i'lii' touu i'oiiiaiii> "Vi-r a thou-.iiiil ii.ni-..-..
limstiy oil 'Mil' 'iiaili tlio|,.iii;h|'.iii' lir.ii' till' ■■■'1 -I'li', opi'ji
' .S'T'i'iii'i.' to Rniiii', lill ttii' M':ir 4.11 i;:!, liiit ai'i'i-niiiitf to
■ •tliiT'', A II. -S.", tlii' .liij' nil *r ktnw no -nin r t!iai» *:.• ir I\.i ni-*,
iir P.iiillii'oi; lit' Sii,li..i- - .iiii'i-'inil InTm-i ilritinl i'V tr..'lit i.m.
.\ri'"rilin„' t'l Su'IhiM, till' il.«'irlin' cif I'.'nlai'.ii.-i, :!•. ui'll a. :li;H
111 liii'iilli.i, \v,is ii lu.liii'i'il iili lilt A 11. 2^,'i t'lniii till' (iiri'a ; lint
ii'iiinliiii.- t'liiiliirn. 'Ill' ii.iiiiaii'ti'iii iil tlii' iliH-lrliii* of l!".'l,iiia
|iri'i'i'il<it ili.it iif C'liit'iiriiiti liy iii'iri' tli.iii n I'i'iiiliry. t')i<' vvunt
'' K.iini," liki' itiip r>i^'l "li Willi "tint," iiiiiv Ih- ii-iiii in it tnr.n.in
Ki'ti-i' IIP ill ti rrt:^iiiit< niii' 'fill' .Iai';ini'*i' iiisi. api'tN il-i* t rin I i
11 "•ll|ili'n ■■ (iiil li« Ml II iiH In till il lii'ili.'.l ln'Tiii"<. I ii.' pri "I* iif
llii' Siiit"-is inuy iniirn ; liiu^i'ut' ltii<ti1lia .nay iMf il'i .^o, ami tin*,
in iNiiiir'|iii'in't*, it \M' iiiii\ U'lii'vr Caniii, inliliili'd In iiiiiiiy in '1-
liT-;n'tirr«. Siilmlil liuH Iri'il.'il .it I'.'iiiilli npn'. lln' iiiiri. Tr mili-
jit iil.laininrKi' «nr«liip, nii'lrr tin' In'ml nf ' .\i|i |i.in I'linllimii."
l'li:>t inivliiiii i.f lii" W'irk riiiil .iii« li'jiiri"t iin.i «li.ii'l il."u'ri|>lii>ii4i.r
till' prlni'i|uil iliilli's, ili'ili'ilpivrrnii-, Ai'., ti'iii|ilr>, ;irii'«l>,. r.iiil>«
aiiil iiiuiii-i iit"iiili','r.'iit Kit'l-, 1 II r-'ii ni"iiiinii''it*, ini|i1i'iiii'nts, anii
i!ri'«ins lii'1'inL.'ini,' t'l till' Sinl'.Mi iiail Itiiilillii'*! r>'|ij"n in .I:i|i:in.
" I)ia\"|ii ri'i'li'H'iini t'liristt iaiiiunh' '•" I'M-lainii -i lli.* i',iiir iiriinii
mi«-iiiiiiiri I'"niiii;'ii^ XaxiiT, mi "I'f n^ lii.w tin' pMiru-'rs nl tin-
■ lajLi'ii'ii' rr''i'iiilil''>l tliiwo lit' fill' l!ii'n'.tn'>tM in Ku'-"(n' : anil il'i ,
ill..- tiiiil .itlaT ini>'i.in;itii'. 1 iivi' ri'iniiiknl of itinlilli^ni in lliinii
mill 'lliiU'l, till" I'i'liii.iry 'il'llir pi'ii'«ts till' n''i' it' uini' inii'iiti ii:iil
• •laili'sjiiiin, fi-tiai:, liilu'rnniii.i"', vmi", lln' wor-iiip nl' rrlir* iitnl
-ilat«, |ii.ir„Miii."y, iln' wnrnliiii '■;' ini uri-s .nil., i| nil tii.- prai-l'i-i »iil
linilillii-in, iiri' «i. '.in.'i'il villi tln'i' |..iir nf liiiinaiiimn, ilia! il'lln- '
V«ialir r.lnii'ia il.il n.it .jati" (iim yi':ir» in , na.' «.inlil taki' it ni :
.1 111' I'l' nr-i'iital ri'iiiliriiiL' if tin' «i'>irm t'.inn of -iii|i'r.iiruin.
Tlir il.nii.-liti'i», rml rii.il ii.!'.|i!i'il, III tin' |iri''«t.4 nf ili.' ni,iiiii-
i.i'n«, n |H'i'iiliiir wit miiIIi'.I !i\ iIh' riii'l.s ,.f tlin .lanaii Ili'iiiim.
i'iin)iii«' all null r ill l»';.':,-iii(f iiiiii<, »lin iiii|H'iir lu U' ,ilil..' a i|i«
:;rinv tn lli.'i'n'intrv iinil to any I. inn nf n iiL-inn. Itiv.iit wriliri
'I' not «iy H ninili iuhui iIu'w ».il.;i'il» ; Inil nlil wrilir*, lli-.i-
• iir in Hint Kii'ni|it'i'r, wlin wrrr nut nn p,irtirn1iir, n iH'iiin: tin'
I .ipli'» III wiini .. ,t» lu till' M'lirri' nf niuii\ alMiniiutiiMni.
ill |iaraili'l strrrts, liaiii;iiin on tin' iiiininta n siiii-, inii
^rr-iily .I'lnimls tlm spi'itatnr of t Jilnall.ir. Ilakmlahi
lii'lolil^ to till' ilii|H'i'i.il tli'f nf .Matsiii:,!, ai.il is tin'
l.ii'ni'st town in Yi'-so, «itli tlii'CMiptinii Iif Mailsiiiai,
IVoi'.i whii'li it is tliirly iniii'S ili>l iiit .\n rxrrlliiit
roail lii't far fioni 'ho sra roa>t ■•oiiiiri Is tin' two pl.ni's,
.'iml a iai-ni' t'Milo is r.'irriiil mi with tin- towns ami
V ill o'l'S on ritlirr siiii' nl tin- I^trait.
I ill' tnwn I'f llakoilaki is roniilarly 1 nil I. with >i nils
iiitinint; at l'ii.,'lit aiinh's. tliirly or forty fiit «iili'. raii'
liilly iiLiiailaiiiisi il, with oprn yiitlr's on I'aiii siiir to
liri'i\l' till' llrippilins (if till' lloll>i'S .llni till' Wlisllilini i,|'
till' -iiiits Till' siili' walks Mil' pavi'il ami iiirl ril, Init
as no w lii'i'l' i| ";irria'_'i's uir fin'.inl, ihi' liiiiiilli' of tlin
stii'i't is iisril iiiili-iiiiiiiii iti'iy ill iliv wiatlnr 'lln
stri'i'l.'; ait! I ro.vs.'il hy wooili'u n'.iis ; ami at mn' siiln
tlii'iv is .'I -riitry lio\ for a wati hmaii Tin' striils
ari' ri'iiiark ilily ipiii't, s iM' whin iIioms of I,ii1i n jiaik
ImiNi's sliiwlv paif thioii'^li llii' stii'ils
rill' liiiililinu'> all' iiii'iily of oiii' storv, \\'.\]i atlirs
ot \ aiyiii!,' Iii'inli!^. lln- roofs an' sililoin imii' lliaii
iMi'iity IIm' I'l'i'l tioiii till' ;.'voiinil, ami slnpi liouii I'loin
I 111' top. priijiiiiiin witli t inir i.isi-* li'Vuiul ilin w.ill.
Tiny ;iii' -.npiMiiii'il liy Joi-U ami tin i. ■ oii-, ami nm^tly
'■ii\ii'i'il Willi womji'ii shin'.'li-.. till' -i/i' of till' haiiil.
rin'>i' ,111' t.isti'in'ii liy iiaiiilioo iii';.^., or ki'jit in tlirir
pla.i'- li\ lonn slips if lioaril. oi, w liirh siom'> aii lanl. as
SI Sw il/iilami. '{'Ill' nalili- I'lnl- fd r lowanl-- I In- -trii-l,
,1.- ill llollini. ainl till' loot, pioji'itiiin; o\ i r, sinltiis
ami .li.i'li"! thi' il'iiir. 'i'lii' riirioiis sirmliiii' liki- a
-to nil iliiiiiiii'y. that \iiii SIT on till' lo|i. i- a Inuki't of
wall I -iiilollinli'ii with -tlaw. li-.iil\ to In .■prilikii'ii oil
till- lot ill ra.si' ol' till', a','.iiii'-t wliiili niiiii"riais r.'ii'i'
I'lii prnnaiitioii- III IV 111' oli-i'r\i'il 'Mmilin li-irrm
arraiiL/'il alon^ ilm .-i i ii-, ami I'liitiiii'- cxa-'t U liki-oiir
"« \ripl 111 till' Willi il an air rhaiiilii'f. Ml that
I ill' w.ili r I- tlii'oui, out ill j, |, iii?.|i'.n| ot' In a sli-nain.
'•^oiiii' . *' 'ill' lii'ii-i's ail' ii.iili'ii wiili liiowii I'.irllinrii
liiis lain nu|i,.|'«isi' ; till' p.ioiir hmi-.'- in ihatili'ii ,
till' walls of till' lioii^i's ,11,' of pMii' ii'iai'il-, iaiii oil
a li'anii'Vi'ii k ailniiraiily loiiiliil ; tlm workiiiai -hip of
till' .lapaiii'-i' iar|ii'iilir- liriiu; ri'iiiarkahli' for is ih'mI ■
In-— ,'iiii| I'l iiipli'ti'iii'-'< Till' lioanls in liniii m f| n-ar
sliiii' iioii/ii iially in nriKivns ; liin wooiiwoik i- i nvcr
p.iiliti il, lint oil .i-iii|ially oiliil, so that tlm I'liiliiiiini
Ih'ar ,'i liii'.iii, .slii'il llki' li'i'k, ami a- tin- wnatlnr
is .si'M'ii' III llakiKl.iki, till- Imaiils I III. lot, iinl
I'fai'k in I ih pi,a.ili|n fashion. Thn lloor, wliiih i"
always rovorro witlis.ift in.ii.s, is r.li^•l'll t\i..|i'it ahovn
the );roiiiiil. whiih i- la'atmi smooth. A span' i.s
alwiiys it'ft rlrar iii lioiit, ami nil tin' niiii-. A rhar.il
of soiiii' kiml, till' pill nil' of i» ;;oii. a jiriiiti'il prayir
or a papi r w iili ;,ii importaiil -i iiliiiri-. is iiivarial'ly
p'- i| imr till' liliti'l 'Clin liiat,s il'r nil liratiy
woviii, ami li'iiiml \itli I'loih ami htiilhii ^l ii!: ,ilniw,
tn liiaki' thi'i'i s-iiH ,111. 1 thii'k. 'i'liny iirn all of on' si;".i',
till fi'i't liy six, ami look as if oin' pinin Thny -nrvi'
as si'al.s iiinl IioiIm, with thi' aililitmn of a ipiilt anil a
liani liiiv. 'i'hi'i'i' is iin ntlnr fninitnir, so that tin' in
siili' of till' liiiii-is, wiiiTi tin Hiiii IS mil shininn iiimn
ihr ;;iil;. painti'il si'in iis. has ii viry oain ami fiilm M
ap|M'.ir,iin n. Tin' stork or ir.iln' is a t'avoiirili' ih si);ii
in all lln. oratiniis, as wn|| ,i< thf wiiigi'ij tnitoi'i' ami
thn iliilpliin. 'I'hnin afn ihiiiit nil ;i' iiiially, Iml tiny
It' \niy niiiii'r,iik\ . ami iikn caiiip .slonis. Tallies ar.'
rarr, i.inip.nri'ii si iml-. of iilmiit a toot in hniiilit. snrviiii;
till- plirpo'M' Soiiin lai ipli'I'nii rilp't, liiwls, iiliij poi'iT
lain '.I .-I'l-, till- invarialiit.' cliopstinks, ami iiii nrnasinnal
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
I'arthpnwaro spnoii, oomprifto (lie .niliiniv utensils uscil luttdiii 'I'lic imihU
II iMtiiiu. Tiifv iliink lliiir siiii|is diir.llv mit nftho Imt (.tiiitmIIv iiiitc lniillr-|iiitlis, ki |.i m - | ,,i.|
213
sii>iiallv.
iwl, u.H a liiiii'jrv chil'l iiii;.'h
t. lllirr si'IZI
Mi; Willi llii'ir linrsrin, ii, iinck iininciK, ,i||,| ^,,,1,
Ills. \t III! Ii ;il'i
I lin|isliiks llir |iiircs of lisii « liicli iiii' ;;i'iiri;illy (lipiitiiii; wciiHlrii liiixfs I'lurir,! on mill's sIhmiM
Mil till- Ihjiiiil. A siiiuii-c lidli' ill tlic I'l'iitrr uC till' Till Ti' arc still siiiiir ,,r ilir iiii|i;;i iKMis i;,ir i.i
11 1< IIII u.
thu tirr-|i|:ici', iiinl civ.t this is iMiiistiiiilly siiii rxisliiiL; ii|ioii th,. iskiliil of ^■^.>^(,, |,ii
.\il.
t tllr\ ;llr li
riii;; a 'iii'tiil ti'a kr'tic, o\ cr a (ire of cliari'iial lii'ildi'ii sccii in tlir iii'ii,'lilHiiii IuhkI of llMkinlaki ; tl
.1. T.
lis ail' 111
I is liaiiili'il til I'vi'iv visitor, in u |>iirirl,iiii iliniiniiliM' slaniii'. ,i little ner ti\eli'et in lieii,'lii. Imt
«itli a wiHi.leii eiiver. ii is iiiaile as \vi
itii lis, ;ini| »ill )in.|inrii ilaii'l with iiilellii;eiit li
iiliiri
ill llakiid:iki lliev ailil iii.-asiiiiially siii,'ar. 'I'lie |irii|ile ecildiir is ijiijie i|:iik, ami tlnirliair Mark ami i
lure siitl'ei- niiiili iVniii winter iii:.l; me:ij;re eliarciial it is eli|i|»,| lii'liiiiil, Imi MllnWeil to .strat,'L;le in
liies, anil ;,'|.Hiniy lii,'lit tlirmiuli oileil |ia|ier, are enlil iiiattel links ilnun in Irniil in a emitiisiil iliiMi
mil t;|oiiiiiy Tlie limiso nl tlie rirli are lais^er, Imt in llieir ImiK liearils, wliieli ai e in \er eiil m'slauiii
Ti
'Mm
ei'X I nil;;, hut an- l'Ii « ii
iiiai-.e hiiir, w liii'li. I,.;;, tliir
llie same .sivie; liiit tlie sii|ieriiir uealt li ami taste ut' le;;s are liare nC artilieial
llieir iirui'riiliii-s is slmwii in tlie liamUiime ;,'arileiis m , r w iili .i |,|, nijlnl ii,i|, cif
anil jiieiisiire ;,'riiiiiiils l.y wliieli lliey are envii I. witli the aliiiiiilaiit ;,'iii« I li mi their lie;iiU :iim| tines,
I he.si' are tastefully |ilaiileil "ti fruit ainl sliaile ha.s ;,'i\eii iliem the iia Iiywhieh llnv aie In tier
nees, witll flower 111 lis ami lawn.^, aiel tlmveiin;.' known of " Hairy Kiililes." Their iliess i, .iinaise
shriiliR iiiters|H'rsei|. There luv !ar;,'i' piililie lire- ami iai;i.'eil under uiirimnt rea< liinj; In-low iliekiiiis.
Nil" warehoiise.s, Iniilt with -{l-eat care, !ia\ in-,' walls o\er wliieli islln,
if dried mild and eolilijes, and windows sheathed wid" :.|ee\e^, iiiMJe of
• " II, eaielesslv, a lunwn sai
.ski
in \ liave a
lilli iron. The shojis of Makodaki eoiilaiii a iniseol- wildli.ok, and dirt v, |iomi tv s(ii, ken asoi ei, aid
lalieoils .i-^ ■innii
suited to the li
( of ''i«
l.s, jj;eiieraliy siieli a.s are <'hielly(M i iipii d intishin^' for their ,l,i|ianese | iskmaster
I wants of a poor p.ipiilatioli, '.Ve saw uml adliiind tlieeoopeis at Woi k in Hakod
ihiek . •iioiis, interior sili>>, eaiiheii and iii.ikiiii,' hariels, of lii kii. hape, li.r p.iekiiiL: i lie dried
• hiiia ware, hn'ijiU'red Imwls, eiips, stands ;iiid ehop alids.dlnl lisli These llii\ lapidlv
st iiks, elii
III eiitierv, am! r.ailv mail
'lolllllliJ
i.-alher, felted elot
with plaited haml.oe. ') h,ir ellllelv I
IS, ^l.-iss w
are, or eopper a -lieiis are lliiinL:h tl eir Maek-liiillis ninl iin lal \\ .i| I,
>ii:iui\ iioop
lire i . rot oiMui,
ilv seen; nor ale liooks and stationery '■oinnion. niiiiieroii-- and Imsv lliii ;iL,lioiit i In
proN i-'ioii siiops eoiitaili nee, wl
heat, liarlev, pulse, lielloWsali
dried (ish, sea weei
diar. Ill
III
It, siwar, saki, sov, eliareoa
a Woollen
•\, Willi inr
eliaiiilier'^, eoiilaiaiii',' \ ;ii' i
~weet potal
lloiir, and other les.s neee.vvirv artieles worked hoii/oniMllv
It oi lid
I'lieie is ii'i piliilie market in the lowii, as neither while the compress: d air i^^ui > |
I a pisl. II, whie
like :, l,.,|.d-iin
roll! iIji' I,1|,|
111 el, ooik m r mutton are eaten, ami very litl!" mi
I'-
ll'
'el, lilies a
.1 Ih.
ml a prep.iralioii of lH>aiis and Speakiii:; of the .lapaiiesc hnlies i.|'
Hisistenev
.f el
leese, ;|
re hawked iioitherlv i,l:i
N
llioKl tl
T( 111. lies alioiiiid
ip
W hit
lit till
tlie nion
liiiLliaiii s.'ix.-
iiri.'il place-
if wlliel
1 we .saiv a
tall siiiiare liosl, with
that, just aiii\ed fio;ii the t ropii s. ll|.i|- rnddx
.'liel'ks nil li
iln
,'hl
illeel i||~erli-.l
|||| hand. I h
i; a iMi'Vi inent liei;;li
t to)
•e reaellci
I le
liliii most . ijic ijec iiiid tealiiii
■h side of the post pr.i
Willi lieilili. striie
Wile l.ithi'i' I,
irilti M, aildl'' - -I'll to I'liiililh.i, and the twistiiiL; tl
.»!■ lll,'oll;ili.
lis l:l'l, while
11' lol'llls Were tl.ll .'ihii tall, the sk
small iiiieoiiipi'es..,ei| j-tc, ki
lecl w;|.s 1 1|
Hi I .'ili'iit 111 v.i\ iiiu
liiMiri.iiil hair. .>iml w liile and iviii lull
till, and
1. lollllijcted
Matsii
T'le piopii of ll.il.odaivi earry on .1 lar;;e trade with the iiiimliir >•( the eharnis of the iiMM.iiried 'I'l
atsinai ami wiilitle interior ot \ esso. The iiinks inarried, as '\.> well known, lilaeki n lln ir Icitli, am
eiii;ii:,'ed ill its ~liippiii;4 traih' lake earooes of dried and destroy other ehaniis imist iiillil. --K. which tie
silted lish, pri'p.iri'il sei wceil (wliieli is stored in larj,'e u.llant Tapt liii imaj;iiied iil llist, like i m r\l..,d\ eUe
eave.s in the m i;;'ili. iiihond ol the port>, i-harcoal, piocei did lioiii the ieal.iiiv\ ,,] i j,, i, l.i.j. liit siilisc
deers'-liori , timlicr, and o|lier produce of Vc...
itati
liiick
es, tolia
[•iitlciv, ai
111) i{licl:lly licalilii
that
I mall's n.oiiii iilar\ di-lik
sll;;ar, tea, \arioils ;;railis, ^vmc' miih loMndawax Ins wife, and ihal .lapai
lerniils
ie>e ilaines
ilk-
■ \ ..llnr -o
Till
•ipi
in ri'iiowii with the liiii.d mail
i.f n
jiiiik
are ol pi
ll'lle.ill ton
hi
I.
t.. i;ii.'-.
ilioiii a hundred I'm-- iiicisiiremcnt, aed more than a iinlil he incidciilally heard thai an\ ' llli
tlioiis.iial of ihi'ia III. IS he seen at a 'iiiie l.\in>{ ill the | T. iiy woimii iiiariied to all inferior, and wisline it,
harlioiir ot llakodaki
III i\ t.ike her to his hoi
lie IIS an .'idilitioiial w ifi
Till
The tish olilaineil I ele eiiii-i-.|^ of salmon, salliioi I '.ipliiill n.'itliralls evpn-ssi s his ! Mpr tli.it iieilhcl' of
trout, ^.'iinipei-
ihili I
Isli, |iori;i.s, lien
111
iiimlcls. tliese ca-es(i| iluorce at'i
<miiioii. :iiiil im
Ih'
III iriii:;s, wliitiii;;s, niiillels. The «aliiioii are small lull in the country led him c\eiiliiall\ in llonK
of line llasoiir, cralis (capital eatiiiu, clams of the are not Usual, as lie saw loss lilooin iii; cliildnn rn-hii
oenils I'riiiiM, with I. 'ailtiliilly niarki'd •hells, and the oiil of almost cv erv eiilta;.'e door.
hirUe lillle nil|s.sel, are found ill ^real aliiindaliee. 'A ild The too riiihls checks iit the liiimai I ii d lailic-, ai
«•■'
ducks
Hid othir 1,'aliie are pleiitiliil m; tin ii it is s.ilil
illv till
lit of
an i'Mi-v]X4. n~
sea.soii, leil the pliea.saiit is rarely seen; the ei'i'cw . . ol. in iiij;; matter, iitid n iisidi i lie the km. w ii jcdoiisv
ilo\ er, anil siiiiie are tin
'\ ii spirit li\ I he .lapai
I with. The fo\ (reiianli d a~ . I .lapanese 1
lescl, Wll
.ar, i|.'i r. .itiil I 111 1 ..iinl i\ em
to » hiiiii ilii l»i'.i,',.|ii III law . of
.Wl r ..f lite for aiiv a. lion w In. h
liear are ciiliiliiolily liiililed. tattle are only Used for is cah illali d to < oiiipi'oii
the plol
li.r earr\ in
liudi and as liea-.I^ ol liiirdcli
or-.es are iiseil uses ill Imlilin^'
d ridi
I lies ale ol eNielleii
t hreeil.
ith clo'-cil il
ii-e a wom.'iii s I'l pi, I at loll, sin 1
converse with a ;;entleniaii in jiriMiti
it is lii.t llkeU that tin
il, thoiijjh small, clear windi'il, .spirited, iiikI of good lilackciiiii;; the leelli is uti ( .^piuin Wlotliiiu'h
U'liaiii
T
31
w
I
I:
214
AIL ROUND THE WORLD.
imngii
it, I'lit it
llimr IlKi i\ li.i'l II-
a |iii>vi>ii.ii aL':iiii^t trni|itiiiinii liv lii^li^iiiini; llic j |ilrxii
|it'rsoii, Jii^l ni- (III >liiall liil 111 llir ('liilnsf wiir, iiii
(IomIiI.
ill I uiiliirtliooii wniiid ii.-itiir.illv ir^uiiM' Hi rii,ipl> ii r.i
Auntlicr i\li:i'>riliii;irv >iiiiii
IK I' unillsi'llli'llt :il
ii^l .'!;< (Ill- >liiall I'l'i'l III llir < 'liili
iii:iii:ili\ llitiinliil :i> J (■iiiM-inii iiu:iili>t itiriiii- iliiki «.i.-. tlii' |iniliiiMiiiius pulilif I iitliilip. .■('
ll^.k.
:-taln'V liV llll|irilil|i; loi iillliiliiill. Smil [ilMi'liif^ IjlTolllO, ut:lll iljj
'11
K\ I'llliT !l Kluilll rimli ''.
nth till' |Pln;;ri'» lit till!
|ilV ii'llllllllt
ll I.
-^iliialf, ami oiilv liatllallv m ii rii
iri y fifteen feet
till- ri'iiiaiiiiiir
-tdiii tliat till' |H'o|ili' ilii'iii-i l\i ^ ii|i|i<>lil tlii'iii, uilli nt till' I'oiiiii.i. uiili iiiiciirtaiiii'il \\i,. .i\> uiHiiini,' "i
lilt I'M'li llillik 11^;, Ml' .~<>liirl iliir> lii'll i; a».il'i' nt tliril tin' stl'i't'ls, .iinl rlnsi' tn till' (itlii'l ililiiali'- ut tlir IhhIm'
iuilial rijr.ilii
Till
I I
.' |>m>uiiii; tlirir till rliaiiical umm alimi', ami in iirrl'i'rl
iIm' ^iiiiiiiii'I' m':i>"Ii IIm' iimii in tin' liiiiltiii'-s, ihiIiuiu all the ii|u'l':,lii>lis i.f tin' liatl. —
i>|ii'ii air til. Ill ,'tl t 111' I'liiilii'i' jirriMi
lrllyiii|l> li'ti"- Wi'li' rmilill'..' !■' .1 11
"t ('aiitaiii W liltiiiv'li.i'ii- \i-i! Ii
il' ^|<i ill!.', anil Miiiii' \vi'iiilvli-i| :i;;i' ainl liiiiiilini,' ^'iillinnil ,iIiIm iin.ili.i.'-li<'il.
lii.-<iiiM at till' tiiiii' .siiri'iiiinilcil aiii| |>ri'>M'i| mi li\ .si nilitv. lailN inanlionil.
ll:ik..iiak
I nth I aii-i'> liiav li.'iM
I, .s'l lliai
llljl IIX <l 111 |l'll'l> I I lll'lll IIIOll
mil rr'ilirsii
lllliHIll.
S.lf
|K)>«'.s.siiin, i|iiit'tiii>.H'<. ami milir iri;;iiii' a.s |
^ay, ami lii' ivpii'sM- li.iii-ril' s,in\ i.i ailil. iiinii- inniint a-i in llir nil'im nf tin- nm^t ruili>iil |i<'ii|ili' ;
ailiiil'lnl til lliliisiralliill. wllii'll ua> lint Cnlliilll'il In I'lll'in.'^ity tlril l|llilklv llt'l'iilc till' .Ni'llxatlnllK slli'll a
tiif mall' >i .V : till' tra i,'aiili'n.> liiinu, iii' >ii.s|M'i'ti'il, tin- Mcni- iiatiinilly iri-ali's. lliiiiit:ii it lul liiiii In staml
result III' till' Miiiii;; ami ;:a\ nt' liii'li wxis, anil, Ifnni niit.siiic ainl waii li tin- iici.snns i>-iiiiin ami i nti'iiiif; tin-
all III' li 'ai'il, all- ipiiti' a- :iii|iii|-tant a Iratiirr in llir -iiiiall l<atliiii:.' Imii.-t' : ami. uitlmnt IhIii); alili- In |iii|Ui'
ilniiii'stii iniiiinrr-
• 1 li"' .l.l|i,i|- -!■ as till' I'lllrll llilllsiil nil nm- ami till' liasl 111' till' A'/'^'JI 1)1' till' I Mral
uritri'.s I'l I'll si'iit I III III In 111'. I' {Inn 'A liilliii<;liaiii I 'nnilc, tliat ol ili'lirtiiiK tin' niiiilit mn nf lai'li |iiis.s('i'.|iv,
•avs In' niM'i' .sa« a Mai k hniji.il ttniiiali I'ltiiiiiin^ I 'aptain Wliittili^liaiii .'4a\ s lii< .saw t'lmni^li tn rniiviiii
ll'iilii tlii'in, '.vliii'li Inn i>i 'ii an'iilrlital rir
I'liur 1 III'
liiiii tliat till' IkiIIkts wi'I'i' nnl rniitiniil tn till' li)\\r.s|.
altlinn'.:li )|i' flunk- in. it will kn
liiil.li'
il.j.
n ni Ilia
tmniii
nW II alii
Mitiii'ii III to 1
I ilillir^illh
111- lIlSMlIU
ti' (la
I llif
I
|inll an l'.\rlirs|n||
liiaili- intn ti
II inlri'iiir
.1 till
lllnst I'l'yil' \t i|-\ ni |.li asllli' : tills (lislioiiii 111,'lit i.H a islami nf Y^'^sll I'lniii llaknilalil. I 'ajitall Wliil I ilii;li,-im
sail till Hi: till (ill- wivi's iiiii wnlnWs nj la| an, |iri lia|is I ili'sni'icil lie lartiis as Im.kiiii; a.s if ni ii;iiialK llirv liail
Wni'M' til. Ill tin- M.ii k ami in.ill-iiiinniai \i>a'.'i'.s nf I Imi'Ii of lar;:i' > Ati-iit, an' nail iii-i-ii ili\i<|ii| as .siin.s
l.liH>sa, uliirli till' i-iiti ipiLsiii^ I'l ri- line ilrscrilii'S, ' i;ri'W' up ami niarrii'il, .lliat iIh' imusi h. 'Iiiiu>/Ii nai n
Ini till' latti I riiiiiil 111- maili lair ni'iasinii illy, ami i:: its* litlli' |ii-<ip<'riv. ui'i' contigmnis.
CHINA, COCHIN CHINA, AND JAPAN.
*^%
^-ffl-*
ii.iiilin Min
■It :it ll;ik>>.
it' ^lii >1MS
y fifteen feet
• iiiii.tiiiiii r
c.|"riiiiL; .'ii
it llif Ihill-i'
I ill iiiTti-rt
til. Lull. '
h.lli:l>ll''i|.
\ IiuiiiIiiiihI,
liii' :is |iiir:i
I- sllill ;l
nil t" -laii>l
lll< I lll^ tlh-
1. 1.' \>< |.M|>li'
I llll' • <l< ll
II |i.l-Ml llV,
III iiiiiv iiici'
till' ll)^M■^^
■rliir of till-
liltl llltlllMIII
I I lii'\ li:iil
■ i ;i> siill>
Ih.llf.'ll "Ml »
'I'h*' women wrro soon ■workins; in lln' lirliN, wliicli, '
(•iiiiiiliil with till- ivi'iTwIicri' swiiriniii,' cliililii'ii. m.iy
:iciiiiilil I'lr till' >-i'V si'ciniiin to lucit tWii:iyrs i|i>ni> ; — |
vmiiij;, f'lsv. stniiylit, iiml ntjili', with lirilliait wtiitfi i
li'i'tli ; iir 1)1(1, wriiiklfd, lunt, uml wiili l:'vtli so j
l.l:n'k<liril iis to il|ij.i;ir toot Mess. A Vriy I'l'W yolllij; j
hiaiii ll Women, eineiijiiii; tVom tlie one eiiisn, uinl witli j
lil.iekelieil teetll, |i.'iusiliir ill tlie ([llickly ]>ils.seil iiiiili||<>
-late, looked stiMiiiiely, — more so tliaii " elieeks all
liloom ' siiniioiiiileil liy >{iey locks in Kiifope.
( >i rasiorially a limise of iiioio |H'i tiiisiotm, with!
Intler |ia|>iTei| wiiidows. witli ll ;iar |e|i, rit'li in ;
1 iiiioii>lv dwarfed trees iiimI slinilis, with larger stoi-ks
of liii'w I, mid more tailles-s eats |ilayiii'.{ alioiit it, '
denoted the ii^idence of soiiir interior ollieiai ; mid less
rii-.|iientiy. ii SIM i!l lliiddlii-l tem|i|e, eni'iosoineil in
Ini's, Would a|i|i,ar at a sliort distaiiee iVoiii the main
road
'I'lieir lirst iiotimiiof th' lontent. eoin|iirati\e ease,
and comfort of the |ii IS iiiMv, were eonliniied hy the
e\jHi irine e;iiMed III si'MTal w.ilks iiili the country
round the liMV. The round, ro^y, I in:;hmi; fai-s of
the while til t hid nil's, were never « ilhdiaw n from
the window^ a-^ liey |ia--scd, n ir would they move
their iiiixoni pii^ons far liside as ihey |ias ed them in ,
the narrow |lalh^ or w'de ro id-. , and tin' inothers,
often oi a Sarah like a^e, woii'd not refrain I'roiii the
]iei form nice of their niateriiMl d uies on seeini; them -
a|i|iriiaeh. hilt, followed hv their Noiiien hrood, would |
smile in ghastly euls,-, »howi,io llicir teeth and i^nms, |
so lilackilied as I o have lie' a|i|iear:iiii f toothless j
iiess. ISovs in a state; of nudity, .iiid men rolled only '
ill loni; dre-siiii,' i;ii\vn,s. tliroi,.^id the doors of the
vilh|i;es, Kjiliitini; (hem with jokes, Hhieh, from the
p\]iression ol' their himcsl :tnd merry tiice.s, could not
'le uncivil.
xviii — i,itvi;i;NMi;NT an'H .m \nnki;s.
JaP.W lias two em|ierors, the one eeelesi.-i.stieal, the
other secular. The lir^t i- the Miniiili. (he second, the
Tyeoim, who ii-.d to he the Mikado's de|iiity. until
one ot them, T.ikosiima, liiie llnuli Capet, from niiyor
ot the (Kdiice liecame lieutei..iiit !,;en. -il of the armies ;
and the inona''cli (/•• jiir-' ;;i\e way to tli(> iin|ieror dii
I'lhtit. The Niikailo resides at Miako, |>i'r|iet iially iii-
i losed in his |ial.iee ; the TyeoiiM, a.s In- is ealli'il, at
^'»•ddo, where he iiominilly c imiii iiids, Imt viriually is
1 iintrolhd liv a povMil'nl l...i|y of |iriiices. Tiiere are
ejijhl el isscs ill .lajian, t'oiii- ol Which .ire |iri\ ile;.'eil to
we.ir two swords, iiiid wear Ioom- |iitliioal trowsers;
the other elasM's are me lieal men and nin.'riimenl
clerks, iiierehaiits and ■^lio|ikee|>i.rs, retail de!iler>. and
artisans, sjiilors. tisher . |MM>iniv, aiiil d ly-lalioiirei-s.
A unind eoiineil of -lale. ihirtecn in liiiiiilier, govern
ill till' emperor's uaine Tlnv have the |iower of de
throiiinu I lie iinpeior, and any nsoliitioii* of inipotl
mice .lie siiKiiiillid to his appro\,i|, which is nsiially
^rallied at iiiiir .'^hoiild In di^ippro\e, howrxir, the
m.itter is ll iciii.l to ijiii |. princes ot'the him d. nearest
in iilitiiin..hip l.i ih. Tycoon, whose dici..i. in i^ tin d.
It they do ii,,t a iiee with the nioliareh, he nii|.<t inline
di.ilely re>-i;,'n in I iMiiir of his son. or some otlier Inir.
I'. liowcMr. the three prime- a^'iee with tho Tyoiinii,
till II the inemlicr nl' the council who proposed the
olilioxioiis mea.-un miisi dii., and tho.-e who voted with
215
liiin are wiini'tinies reijuested to dii also, Soim limes
tliii wiiolc thirteen, with tlieir prcsideiii. make ii-e of
the " Happy l»e>piilch" to settle a political crisis. Tlio
propii.sal of n reform or innovation under such eiiciiiii-
stanees is very rile.
A ;ji'iiei'al sy-teiii of espimiaye' pel vades the tial.ion ;
every ireiieral oliicer of every de;;ree has a spy, appointed
to watch him, in the sli.ipe of ii partner in his ollice;
and every nohlemali is eonipelled to reside one ye.ar in
Hoven lit the eiipital, his wife and ehildren reiiiaiiiiii;;
there ill the iiiterviil lus ii security for hi- ifood he
liiivioiir. To reinedy the proli.dile daniier of these \ i-it>,
e\ery prince or iioMemati hohlinj.^ a laif^e lief, win n he
comes to eoiirt, takes eare to I'l.ine accompanied with
"a follow in^" of some two or three thoiisainl at-
teiiilants.
ill tile social lile of t ho tla|iane-e we sei- the per
fiction iif III) antiipie <'i\ ili-at ion, polished hy the
e.xpericnce of ages ; .is in matters of private cleaiditiiss,
so in u'ciicral sanitary arran;,'ements. tin ,Iapai<-e are
reputed in aiKalice of us, and as if to add the :ictne ot
perfection of town life, no win ehd eai riae, . are tole
rated, only loot passengers, porters, sedan chaiis. and
at the nio-t an oecasional lior.se.
The lie.iuly mid delitrhts o| the house of w .lapamse
liohle are eipially vaiiiiied iiothini! that ph'asis the
eye or can ;;ratity the .senses is iieuleeted ; the >;iirilin.
ahuiiiid in tlowei-s, the on h.irds arc thick with fruit, the
' Ciiptiiiii Stiemril O^tmrn Ii;h ,in luniisiii^ ol.s, rviitinii nil tli s
MKti'iii, vvliii'li 111" liiiiiinnmsly imiip ires tn niiriuvn. " .\t SiiiiuHla.
iis at N'aiiuM-i'Ai, every inii -nliasl itiTliiiUv tn 1«. t;ikiin: lnlis nf
uliat eV'-Tyliinly rUc wiw ilnii.u. I'i;icli ,Iiiii.iiiisi' lunl iii.- tirtiii-t-
p'K'ki'ts full III' iintc |ia|nr. mihI a ciiiiMiiii iil writing' a|i|iari<liii<
Hliirk ill Ills lelt, mill evi I'Mliiiii; tliiit w.i- s:,;,!, ilmic, aiiil cvi ii
tliiiii^lit, wiiH nu iloiilit tiiiti.t'ally ri rnrilcil. In ,I;i|i:iii, iiieii (In
not (ii'cin tn rniiviTsc with niii' anollicr cxci-pt in Iminiil siNTcIn-- ;
tlllTl' is lln inllTcllllll|,'(' llf tijnllclll li\ lin'illls lit lie till^'lll'. Illlt
till' i«'ii ii. evi.r lit Hnr'i lint iii: ilnwii tlnir hIim iviitimis nf niii.
iiiinlliiT. .'siiaictiini's «(■ -I'l. 111(11 ci'iiiiiiriiii.' ilnir imtis, iiinl
Ijnmtiiiu ai-Hciit nr ilii-ciit I'rniii n) iiilmis or liuli. ricnrdid. Al
lir-t w'c rather t'elt this us ft KV-teiii nf i.*|iii ii:i^;e hut we winii
lieciine aeeiistniiii-d tn it: uii.l prmiileil evii-x iiian \\rnte dnwi
uliat he retilly k.iw ui;iI lieiiril. it iiiav In- iimie Milihhicti ry in tin
lull;; run tn l)av(. tn du wilii ti nitmii nl (';i)i|iiiii t'littlen. wlin have
* made a nnle' nf every ihinc, tind m' h:i\i' iii.it* lli.iii tl eir iin-iiiniiiKi
li> tril.,1 tn. The ,la)':llie^e y\n\\ nt |illttHj; nlie III. Ill ill It piisl nl'
tni-t, itild plaeiii;; iill.ithet ;i< a ci i el, llll. i-, ;iltil ;>l|, only nlir
red-'aiii' ny !,ti'in in a Ii sr, iii-^;iii-id t'unii. 'II e umcn m- nt SiintHlii
lia> a dii|i|i('al|. ill Yeildn, u iin Iimh tn liike turn .iIh lit Hilli him ill
nlliee, >n that the aeti nt^imh, v.lnl-l in aiithni ily . m i III n» a eheek
nil till' ntlier. 'I'liell lie i- .i. , ..inl..niii d, win li \er lie pM-s, \a i lie
priviite iiiid t«n puMie ie|iiiili i«, iiiul the latter tin wind li'reel tn
Yed'ln |i:irtiellllll» nf llll lii- Mils. 'I'lieir re|iiiil» ale ilitheir tllMI
ihieked hy the eniinler stall ineiits if the >.'n\.riinr ami hi» pri.
\ate seeli tarv Nnw'* ('nlii|i:ire tin- xiitli the eii^e ut' the i'il|i'
lain nl II. M.S., wliii rei|iirris a tmi nf eniil nr a mil nl in|ie,
nf the vii'ue nl iii rhaim tvnu'v uliil in^t«. I he i.i|itaiii t:i\es u
written nrdir fnr the pm Imse tube iiuide, mid Iwn iin lelnintii
iiiiiitt lertily Ilia* the |ir.iv :i>l eil is u jn»t nlio, iiiid V, hat i« the
lute nf exehftiip. In ih;< the (invi ninr or cniiMil iiiiist luiir
witli, -». Till pliilll 111 \l iitlisi» that Ihi' ir Is have lunl ri ■
reived and enrriiil In piililie uce.Hlii. iind Ihn. i« rniiiiti r«i^'iieil ly
a Iil iiteiiai.l. the lea-t. r, mill iin.iiliir nflicr, who dulate llnii.
tn he lit fur her Majesty's m rviee. The Viiidnr a|i;iinils hi.i
-i^Tiiatnie as a rm pt, iliit Ihi- leis In Ih. wliii-Mil. Thiti ll
statemeni nf what niiiintiiy nf the sumo riminiied in the shiji
uheli the piiiehns,. «.i« itiaile, and why ninte was riiiiiire.l,
has tn he "L'neil hy tl e lajitaln and nfllciT in el iirire nf Ihi ir.
I.a«tly, these dm-unieiil-ar,' l'nr«ariled In the I uinmiiinli i iiiehaf,
hIhi -iciis ;iml fnrw ird- tluin In the .Veeniintant jeiiernl nf the
X;lV\. >ii, til u'll iralllee I he hnllest e\|i. ndillire I II hehrilf nl tin'
pllhlic llf tnellly «hillin;;», Die lialnes nf twelve »itliessi» iile
ri'i|iii~ile. and the p:i|iirH Uiti;.' iti tri|ilieale. »i«.niii|. thirty
"i^'n.iliin < rei|Miri' I" he attuelied and Iu.Il'isI in ..lliee!"
w
II
1216
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
1^
I I
I
li' '!
Ill: i
|Minils sw.-inn with fisli, nml aviirii's with lirii^lit plu-
iiiayi'il liiiil.-.. A tlu-:iliri:< :ilt.ic-lii'ii to i-mtv jialarr.'
Till' .la|iiiiii'.sf iiri- vfiv iiiilikr llic < 'liiiii'si' in mir
ri'S|iiTl : tlii'V an- <'>si'iitiiilly w.iilikc ami liravc- Tlii'V
nrr aivu.--tiiiiu'il tu tin' ii-c hI arm- iVniii Iwiivi' yrars
iitai.'!'. Till ir liilit' |iriili- cniisi.si, in tin- t'Xi'filfiiiT ot'
tliiir- anus, wliirli air, ImwrMT. alMiiit :i iTiitiirv in
airi'ar i>t' tlii'M' nf Kiiii)|ii', ('\ri'|it tlii' tiiii|irr ut' llirir
sttunls, ami tlif drxtrrity witli wliirii tiny laii um-
lliiiM. t'liiifa.'r an>l jilstirr ail- till' two ;.'ii- it virtuis
wlliill rilmiliMli in .l:l|.:'ll -rik.s In il<\ i'lii)if ill rllil
illrll. TIli'V all Ml- fitllil- •hlrali'lliil iir st'llili
llciii-i' alsii, imturally nf a kiini (li,-|iiisiti..ii, tiny ari'
iiivi'ti'i-ati' wlii-ii tln-ir m'Ii.--i- iilri^lit is injuii'l
Siilirirtv is ,(l|i>tlirl' lit till' i-liii'l' rlia|-;l('ti'li-tii s nf
tlio .Ia|iaiirsc Tiny iii'illicr rat iim- ilriiik iiiiirli.
Tliiii' -lii'iii,'rsl ilriiik is saki. nr liri'i- innli' iif liri' ami
li.iiii'\. S.iv, 111- Siiya, wliii'li is im|)orti'il In this
riiiiiiln. is iiiaiji' 111' liailiy, llii' si'i'ij nl' thi' iliilii-ims,
ami sill li Till. III.' I. 'liny ilo nut drink I'illirr inini' up
milk. T'llm was tirsl intiniiiii'i' 1 li\ tin- l'niliii,'insi'.
Sin si'ii:;. wliirli is th • iliirl' luxniy sciiiv;ln fm-, ami I'm-
wliii-h I'llailiiiis |iiin's ail' siii i lo In' •,'i\i'ii. as I'lisiirinj;
inimnrtality. is tin- luot of tin' w,li| siiijai' i-ain' <<(
Cnli-a.
All iiii|il'iyiiiints. as iinlrrii all utlnl- iiialli-is in
.lapaii. ail- In iiilit iiy. Kni-nis nf ;.'iiM'innn'iit. i-i-lii;iiiiis
insiii minns, mniin-i-s, riisimns. rnsliinn'. arrhiln tiin-,
all till' h iliits lit' lili'. ai-i' tia litimial. ami li i\i' I n iln'
Slim- I'll' iinw iiiijii tliiiiy i-iiitiiiii's. Tin' iiili i-
ilii'li'M "I' niiiMlii'>iii, tin- iii-liiiil I'lii 111' Sini;iins as
iiii|ii rnrs in tin- tliirir iiili I'l-iiiniy, ani tln-ir
.■.iilisi'i|iiiiit iisiir|i iti'iii lit' |i iwi-r, all' Imt >ii|mi-
|insiiiiin> Mil an nMi-r I'niin nl -mu'ly. Kn-i-y lily lias
its nati'inal u'nanl, tn whiili 1- nil -lii-l rniilril.iiii-> a
ri'l'tain iiiiinlii-|- nf iiicii In a i-iiiiiii|'\ wlnTi' aliimst
I'M'iy ri'inn- is \ isiti'cl hy i-apilal |iiinisliniriit, it is
ili'ath tn insult a natiniiil i.'nai-il Tln-y ha- i-. Ihhvi-mt,
lint niily tin ir ni'linary jmli. n, Inil aUn their liiitsiiki',
nr s|i I- 'I'll!' |iiiini-- nl S.il-uiiia, uim iiresorvc a kimi
' Till- li>iii«t"< Ht'llii' ti'ititi't .iri' III;!- in ri'',;iiliir "nliT, ('irniiit;;
wi.lr •Insls, « 'iiii' tidy V iiiU liiiiil All I'sti'imivi' I'mrl yiinl,
Willi ini-t mill k'iril'iH, tiniis llii iiln- nf i-ii'-li im-l i'niin', wliili'
iiniiiinl till' iiii-l'i'iiiri' i> til,' hci IS.' ut' till' riiii'l', lis iiKii tli.isi' nt' lii>
I'.illtuM'r^. rrtaiiii-ri, iloiin-itic << rv iiitH, ami ••Lui'h
■ Till' iiiiiilary I'lsp Kiti .ii <i| tli.' .l,i|i,iiii-i' his i- tlv riii'iM'.|
a fnsli :i»al(i'iiiii.- Iik< nnr.ivtn. i'ln- I iti':-t niipriMiiii'iit :nlii|ii<'t|
W.IS In ll'.lrll till' y.ini.' 111.11 t 1 liili' IM l'!ll111|iiMI| t'.l-iliilll fit' lllili
tiii'v |iin|i'™'». mill «liil»l wi' MiTi' ill Niiu'iiviki, a jliiti'li ii'iii
i*ii)iiiii'».> "iiisl iil1ii-i-r u;iii \ni^\ ti'.irliiiiir a inniilN-r nl' .l.i|i.iiii'-i>
^•■nlli-tiii-ii 111 riili' III II riiliti;; ii'lin"! ni'.i^lrtirii'il liir tin' ihiiihim-.
Will II ll'i'V »\rri' iHTli'i'l, tiny MMiiliI lie « iii iiil i pr i\ iiiri's t.i
iii.tiint linii iiitr\ini'ii ^ It .iilli.iii,;ii tlinri' urn nlinnilan I'
linrni'- III .lapin. ami ratuiT l'"".! mn-s i."i, srill, xvlnil «itli slni»
/li"i"i I'T tlirr liLil's, anil «tirni| . iini/liiiii: l't>\ imiiinli aiiinri',
mill lai'k. rinl -iiiMli-., it iiiikI Im' arl>mn\ li'ii;;,i( iliat t In ir I'.ii aln
|. K yit ! ir Ir fni nml ,lil.'. In n.lnitn im.vinniiK. I Mas tnM
tliat tlii\ lull IT wiiiii' liini' nii iV'il iin-trintiMns mnl tlial, as ii
iiiililia, tlii'irt'in. H.K vitv ri'..|p«'i'talili' ; imliiil. a Kii^siiin nlliivr
i\li 1 wan i.ta\.iiL' at N,ii;ii-,:il>i. ami «li.i liail ni'iti linn li nt' .l:i|imi,
»|M.Li' 111 till' |n'i|.ii mil iar> niL'ani'sili'iii "I Ilir I'lniiir.' in nmiii
''■™n. I'l lii> il. Mri|.ti,.|i. llii- I iitiri' |i'.|iiilatiiiii I'nn I .m,'
.■■'lii|.liti' arm; , 111' v»|,„l, iv,.|y Inn n, \ illat'i'. ami liailiirt imu'lit
lif Haul I-' In' riitiifian I'S nr ni^i-tlnn^. 'I'in- p..\\iT, ImWrViT, "t
iliiivliin; ihi'.r iniiT. ii|>iii any imiiil i-itliir Inr nllii r ill liiii'i'.
i.. vintly iiirliiil li\ till- imli'|K nili'iil ti i nt'tlii' tlins' Inimlnil
iiml »ixt\ |iriiii'i«, Kiicli m llifi' i« ilic i Imt'aull.nritv in liii-invii
>tati'. mill, likn till' liiiriiiiii ntilii i-laim. I |iiinir nl' lil'i' ami ilialli
iivir Inn .iilijtHl", llimijli. at tin' siinn' tni.c, ackiinwli iLan^- as
. tliiir ti'Miiiirii mill rlmf tlir laiAiNin, ami tin' ' ' •
V. ill 111
il
nf iinlt'|K'nili'noi' owiii^j tn tlw'ir r<'|iiit('<I ilcsn-iit fnmi
.lyryas, iiri' said tn kill every .s]iy that is tiniiid mi their
ti'iritnry. So iierteet, however, is the jmliee sy-teiii in
■lajiaii. that it is siid tin eriiniiial i'.M'a|M .s ; imleed. it
wniild a|i|a'ar that tiny do imt attempt In esiape.
That the •lapaiii'-e ate the innst iiilelh^eiit and rill-
tiv.itrd nf all the Asiatie li.ilinlis i> (.'rmrally ailliiilted.
.Maiiv nf the nllii'ials and nieiehalils ran speak KiiL'lish
and I •iitili. Tiny read Kiimpeaii |i;ipi i-> and perimlii als
line nf l.lie llnliles ipn si inlii'd ( 'nllimndiil e I'll I'V, In his
;,'l'eat MirpI isc, aliiiiil I'a icsili s ealnlie sliiji The\ have
their iiw 11 system nf aslrnmitny and ilirntininnv.'ns also
their almaiiieks. Tiny appear indeed In lia\e asto-
rii>lii d siinie nf the niemlnis of I nril Klyin s missinii
imt ;i liith' "It is iiiriniis,' writes one nf these
^.'elitlemell, " th;lt W llile some of their ell-tnllis lire
uhit We wiiiild deem rather liarliarons. and while llnv
are iytinr.'iiit of many eninmnii things- wliile lliev still
rip tlieinseives up, and s' oe tlnir Iniises with straw
lieeanse ii,'iiiii'ant of nny ntlnr iiiilhnd — tliey lia\e
jumped tn a klinwlediie nf eeilaili Inam lies nf seii nee
wliii'h it has taken natiniis in Kiirnpe hiindieds nf m ars
tn attain. At .Vai,'as;iki liny eaii turn nut of their
yaid an iiiuitu.' fur a railway m steamer .la|iain'se
■ aptains and eiinimers roiiimand their men nf war. of
whii h three are steamers; they niiili rst..|iil l he eh ili ie
leleni.iph; they make tliel ninnii tits .iliil lainliieteiSi,
llu'ndnliii's. and, I lielieM', aneroids. Their spv tiliisses
ali'l miernM'npes ,'iri' noi'd .'iliil \ery cheap TI ev have
a liii.'i' udass in.inufai'toiy, wliieh liirn.s out ulass little
inreli.il tn nlll .n\|| I'lll'V lia\<' 11 sllnl t lilll' of la il « a V
siiiin \\ inre in the interior, ^i\eii l.y the Aiinrieans."
Soil will 111' in le^jil'i'l to llel'eli~i\e lllld nll'ensi\e
nil III-. Ililheri.i. in piirsuaiu-e nl tin- s\steni of m
elllsinli. it ha.- lireli I', .fliiildetl In enlist llli'l lar;;e ship-.
Ml that the nati\e, .-Inuld Hot leaM' ilnir leasts ; Imt
under a new .-y.-ti m. a inw order nl ihiiifr.-i will iiii-
dnulilnlly iiri-e. .Si) with their lininliid- nl llnnis'iiids
nf arined men . as >et mily in the inililaix peileet imi
of the sixti I'liih leiiliiry. tiny eoiild not stand lufnie
in .idi'ipiate I'lnropian fmee; liiit if nine llieii i nunlry.
or their laws, nr iilii;inn, were utlarked. lliev Wiuld
-null leirn t 1 pi I re their liiililiiry -y.-liin iipnti a par
with ill it nfllin-e win) wniild \ eiitnre to out nine t heir
natiniialiiy. jlie moral -npei im ity w niild I ii their
side riiey arc l.i.ne iMii In ei liteliipt of lit", iiin-t
•en-itJM' nil ihe pollil, lif liiiiinlir, .'Itiil eillel and \iii
diilive in their enmity. Il would he a ni n \ "ii- ei mi .
then, in a pnliiieal pnint, ot view— imt In meiitinii the
inimoraliiy of Mich a i oiir-e— lor iiiiv nation, hi' tiny
l!ii — iaii Kn'.;li^ll. j-'reinh, m- Almlie.Hi (and the latter
hive 1 nil ri. lined the 111. linn of a fmeilile oeeiipalii n of
n'li nf the ■Fap.iiie-e island I to nttelnpt to i neree .so
lilue. -.1 iiitilli:;inl. .iinl -o patriolie a people.
"rin' nailirs i.f till, liinntll- ImiM'. '..ki' IIiiim' nt tile ll'l'lil'll ri'Vil-
tiitiiiiiary r.ili'tnlar, a piirtiriilai ami iiiter.'-lii ^ Iin-hI -iL'niliiii.it'e
Iliiii, till' tirsl itli i«iiill.il Mil' rnin.ll\ ii tli. Liinvr tint •
till' ni-w Ni'iir. Till' Ms-'inl is the iiiniilli nl' i-lianp'. wint.r
rl'i'liinir iM'iii;.' llii'ii I'M'limiu'i'il fur siimiin'r crania ills. 'I liu tliuil
III I hi' i.ml.liii'.' iiMiiitli ' tin' I'tirlli. till' tl.iu. riiiu' ii.' 'tli ; tin' titlli
till' tr.in-i'lai.inij in. mill liii alln«i..ii In riei'i ; tin. •ivlli ii. ilie il u-
IIIIM til : till' -I'Mlltl. till' ninlllll nl' ll'MlT- ; llir i iifliljl !.• ' ' IH'illtll
lit' I'.illiliL' leavi's , till' niiilli ^- till, loll;: ini.lilli. nl *'' I. 'itli lit
Inllir lllu'lil 1 tl.l' tl'lltll i- the u'..i|li'-U ninlllll; tl,|. illMlilll till'
ninlllll nt I'l'iinln; anil tl... Uii'il'tli tin' liiial nr let i' i. ,il innlillu
Till' tl'lltll '111111111 in WI I'alliil iHi'aii-' isiriliii;j In minii', llir
Hihl« wail ii|hin till' Mikailn llial iiinnili ; an nnliiikr •" "tier-, all
lent ; tlii'ili
111/.
Miiitii'M ii'a\i
III
in till' iiiirih nf .lapti
ir ii'-pi-tive teiii|iliH nil ii iiil^iiiiia.^
.-*x; -"^-^S'
I
111', AU.slKlAN 1 Kli.All^ '
.\K\AUA," 111': III!'. ISl.ANli 111 -^r. I'AUL.
h
i j
i i
rj
I M
! I
THE ISLANDS OF THE INDIAN AND EASTKRN SKAS.
219
Till- trc'itv si;;ii<'il al Vc'i|.|.« mi lli.' l''iili '<l Aii-ii-l, l"*'!''. In :ill i1m'>.' |)1,i.-.-< I'lniiOi .iiiliji'i'lH nmy ii si.li-,
)S."iS. Nii|iiii.ilril, nil i; oilier tliiiiu'^. llf ri'iijiniriil m ly Ir.isr yiMimil, iiml |.iiirli.i.so iiipI in-.t Imililiims,
rijjlit' "f ii|i|i iliitiiii,' cii|i|(iiii:iiii' !ii,'>Mil-i at Y. -,1.111 aii>l ami aii- Hot t<' !"• i-oiiliiicd wiiliiii walln aii'l ;.'iIim, liiit
Loiiiloii ; tlial ill.' |ini(, of ll.iUo'l.iki (|ir.\ioii>ly uilli aiv to l.i. allowf.l \\ iii)»ivHH ami rgr,-<s Their .-x-
Simi"liio|Hii.Ml l.\ t',,riiiiin.lor,- l'iTi_\ lollii' AiiiriKaii-l, .•iii-<i.iiis an- to lie liiiiiti"! witliiii ten ri, oy some
K iiia^awa, ami Na'^asiki, In; o|ieii"e.| |o jiiiiMi -ill.- t weiiiy liv •■ mil'- Kiu'li>li At'lrr .laiiiiaiy Ul, 1 >^lil',
jeets tVolii . Illy l«t, l-^V.l; N u'lli'. '"■ il' lli'il i« liiitisli siil.j.'.n in ly le-hle at Ye.l.li. ; jiml Iroiii
"iinsiiitiiMr a. a liarLoiir, soli ilier [..nt on llie west .laniiary 1st., l.'Sii.'J, iit Ukasak.i (,<).>ac.i), tor jinr|iosen
eoast of Nip |»in, a.s also Kioj;o, on Jaiin.iry 1st, of Ira.le only.
TIIK IS|,\XI)S or Till', INKIAN .^Nl» KASTI'.KN SF.AS.
I.— AN AI'.^rUIAN VitV.\<;K IIOIM) TIIK
Wdlll.h.
the .Vtirnrn i- one of tin- liiie.st of llio ten slii|» of the
Kline el.iss lli.it Austria p'lsses'.es. She is rale'l for
forty-four :,'Uiis, Imt only .-urii'il thirty two iliiriiii,' Inr
journey roiltel the » ul I ; thus leuiii^; a orealei s|i.iee
for the iiei'e^..-..iiie.i ol a loie^ voy.ij^e, ainl lor the eollee
lioiis that mi-Ill l>e niaile.
Till' eX|ieclil loll, l|o\\..\er, or^'ini/.eil liy .\l. Inlllk''
Maxiniili.in, liraml Ailiiiiiil of the Au-iii.iii iiiv\,
hel mainly in xntv the olijeet of faiiiili.ii i-iii:; \ uni^
lia\al otlieers vvilli the M.i\ ii;.il i'Hi ol' clill'ieiil -ea-.,
of makiiii; the Aii-iri III ll.i^ kiaiwii iii eoiintries hitherto
uiiaei|ii.'iinteil with it, aii.l of ^'iviie,; to the |irofi's>oi.s
of si'ieiiee aiil natural hi>lory the iiie iii.s of ae.|iiiriii;;
im re extemi.' 1 alul varieil kllowlei|;{e.
The eomluet ol the expeilition w.w eiit ri|..ti'.| to
I 'a|itaiii \Vallei>lorf Irlair. who lias the re|iulali..ii of
lieiii^ a leariiisl ami '<kilt'iil seaman. lie jiiesideil o\er
llie rese irelies of the selelititie i'oliiiiiis>ioii, ami the
aslroliiiiiiie.il, liiele irolo',;i. il, liii.'iKlie ami ^eo<le-ii'
l.il">urs of the naval olli.eis. The lii',;ate it.-ejf W;u>
iiliiler the eoiiiiiiaml of l'.i|ilaiii I'liioii ile l'i>ek, who
hail iimier his onlers a st.ilf ol' thirty ollieers, ineluilini;
threo isur;;eoiis ami a eliaplaiii ; the erew iiuinU'reil
<'l|ll liii'li. Anions the me:i|l.ers of the seii'iilill.:
eoiiiiiiis>iiai were a i,'eolii:;i.l, two /.o. ilo,;i^ts, a lioiaiiist,
:i |ire|iarer, an etliiiolo|{ist, an eeoiioriiisi, auil a
'iriiiiKlit'<niaii.
The wh..|.' time the ex|M'liti'in wii.s out w.ih two
\ears three months ami iNsenty ei;;ht ilays. Of this
lime, '2'.tS (lavH were em|il.>\ei| in lami e\|il"ril ions, ami
• '•"il ilavi* wen- |ia>Mil uteh-r -.ail. The lri;{ale eaim-
lo aiiehor in Ivveiily li\e ilillennt harliours, atul Ira
\ir-ie.l ill its whole Journey .')l,ij.><li ;,'eoora| uie milos of
.sixty to a ile;;ree.
The lirst visits iiiaile wen' to Itio .laieir.i ami to the
(.'l|ie of (iooil llo|>e, ami oil the llHh of Ndvelnlier,
l."*.'!?, tliev arriveil at the voleanie l>laml of St. I'aul,
wliieli, with its iiei<,;lil> nil, A iiist en la III. St a III I out almost
is lialiil, nii'lwiy liclweeii the lieliaii ainl Soiillieiii
O.'cins, all'l t'le exploralioii of lioth of whieh hel lieeu
•^liMii^ly ne iiiiinendecl hy the Mteraii I >e llumloldi.
(.^'■'« |i.i,:e 217.;
'•We hi'l M'lnely am lioii- I," M. ,Sehi r/.i r rel.ites in
his re|iort mil to the (ii' i^ra|)llie,il Soeiety of I aris,
"a' a loiit a mile uinl a liilf from the >liore. than the
wh.ile |i >|>illatioli of the i.<l.ii,il (oiii|>o.sei) of two
i|. ,'!' M'^ nel ail oM Kreinhin ill with a loiiif liearil. eaiiiii
mil ti »..| .nil ■ us. The Ki'enehliiaii, M. N'iot, iiiailo
an o 1' r of his serviees with e\i|iiisii, |Militeiiess. anil
|il.ie I the whole of the Islaiiil at our ili-'|iosal. He
ielai.-.I I I us how, in virliie of tie' riv;hls of a |iiimaiv
oeeu|i II i III. the i-liiel li.nl liieii in the tir>t |ih the
|M-.i|i"rl »• of a l''le 1 -h iner.liaiil . fr.m llu' Ul.iiel of
I'l.i irli III. or i|.' la It -imi .M . ( 'iiiiii, who h.el enleil
it ti a I'ole, .M . .V'luill, his |i.irl lier or rolje.'i^^ue. The
liller ha I |iiirelii. I s niie unfoiiiinali' nei^roes of the
loo infiiiioiis eoisl of .Mo/.iiiiliii|iie, hail ojilie.il them
to I'oil-truet II liiit itioiis lor tlieiii all'l f.ir them^eUeh, to
liloiV U{i whole III i^-es of r.iek, ill ofiler to >{iM' a i.'''''i<'<'l'
security I'l the l.imliii:;, alel lo eiijlivat.- ,i t'fW roods iif
|iot:il.M'> i.iid ealilia^ s Aliiilt ten yiai- a:;.', the |kis-
>l■^^i.lll of the isjiii'l w.is III, I'll- i)\er to one .M IMoviiii,
eiii|>l.iyi'il ill the ('oniinissariatof llie Islede hi Iteuiiioii.
Tttiie a year this new sovereinn of the island des
|iiteli.'s a sloop of ali'iiit forty tons, to li-li in the
|ii-o III. 'live w. iters of St I'aul the eluilodaityliis,
ei roiii.oii-.ly desiijiiati'il as the sea I'oil ; at till) eeiitinies
(fni' peiii''') per ti-li, eaeh of these expe.lii ions f.'i\es
liini a return of L'.'i.iMlli fr.mes The three inhaliilaiits
of the i~l md w.iteh over these lislieries. take eare of
till' stiu'ehoiise, and rear ii f''sv i .Is of potatoes, wliieh
they exehaiiiji' with the whalers for riei', lo'-uuco,
liisi'iiits. and silt meal
The l-Liml of .St. I'.iiil i.s, ill reality, the siiiiiinit of a
erater, whieh rises from tin' depth- of the oci'im to
souii' L'lM) y.irdt iiIhiVi' tile jewl of till' waters. It ia
only appt'o.ielialile on the wiiilh wes; siile, where llio
walls of the erit.r heiiii; lirokeii down, a ma.,'iiiliieiit
inal shipid opeiiiii({ pre-eiits itj«'lf, upwards uf a hiin-
i
i
r
III
(
1
■
'i' ' if
4
I
i(
i
1
i
i
' j
1
n
I'' i
n
220
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
"Ii-cil yiiriln in wiilth, and on hoth Biilrs ol uliiili aii'
ten lung liar.i, lliul itUaili iIii'iiim'Ivcs to lli<- lliinks nl
tliu niDiinliiin, Tin- intfi'iiiil hJiIch of tli<- cniti.T arc
(^IiiIIumI witli vunliiro, ami preiM-nt it nivisliin){ H|R'ctii(;li-
to till-' cyi\
Thu iiiik^nutk-, iixti'onoininil, anil nitttfiirnlojjical oh-
HiTvutioiis wi'i'i' iiiHtiillfil at tills iiiti'i'i'stiii^ stittioii,
anil tliosi' ss'lio wi'fi' not. aililiiMi'il to llin |iiiisnit ol'
lii:kt)ii-liiatiral Hriiliri'S, oi'cii|iji'(| tlii'iilsi'Ui'H witli liiilir
lillo^iiill, liotaiiii'.il, liliil /ooloffiral rrsrai'i'lirs iSoiiii'
zralollH |iliilMiillirii|iis|s sowed scimIh Imniijlit tVoiii
Kiiro|ii), ill tliii liiijirH ol M'i'ili;; tlii'in ^rnniiiatr iliiriii;;
till! stay of till' t'X|ii'ilitioii. Itut htroii^> ^,tli.'s of »iiiil
and |M'l sisti'iit I'.iiii caiiio on, and coolnl tin- iirdoiir of
all jiarlli's rxtiriiirly. I.iii'kily that tlii'V fniiiul in tlii'
liilt of the only I'ivilisi'd ri'>idi'iit in llu' i-laiid, ii
lollcction of ImoIv,, inadi', wi' an' lojil, wilji lonsidi'ialiln
Vu-U'. A niliiilii'r of |ii'i quills also r.inn^ to jiay tliriii
a vinit. Stiiiiililiii^' along like invalids, with tliiir li-gs
of Wood, iliry intnuli'd iiit i llii' hiiis, lii'iivy, awkwanl,
andstn|iid. tliry shook tlirir small, nndi'Vi'|o|i('d wii.gs,
and o|H'iii'd ilii'ir ryi's and hills as t'ai' lis it was in thrir
|H)WL'r, to exprrss tiii'il' sni|iiisi) ut niri'liii;; with
stniiii^i'i's in siii'li a iil.iri'. Those | i- |Hilnii|ii'ils live
hy iiiyriails iipon ihi' island of St I'aiil. 'I'liey have
esUlhlislii'd till- iheinselves there all iliiliii'lise eity, to
wliieli ill the eieiiiie,', mi ri'liii iiiiii{ from lishinj;, they
ii.si;enil in |o i,' liles hy a zij^ za;^ |ialliw.iy, Tim noise
they link'' in the ih'jiih of iii;;ht is ileafeniiig. '
Two theniial s|iiin;;s were foiiiid issninj; from the
sides of the crater nearly at the level of tlie>ei. Their
tem|ieialiiii' was IHI eeiilrigrade. .S,iine of the party
aiiiiised themsi'lves with hoiliii;; tisli in these toiintaiiis,
Htill attiehed to tlii' honk hy wliieli they had I n
caught only a few y irds oil; St I'nnl, the reporter
says, nii^ht he inadi- an exeellent station foi ships
which, on their w.iy loaiidfroni the I 'ape, ('liiiiii, India,
or Viistralia, might he in want of repairs. It is now |
a d()|X'ndenc f llie I-li'of Kralu'e.
I hi thi' lilll of De.enilier. |S"i7, the .Viii'lint sailed
from Ht. Paul, leaving a present of a hox of tools to
M. Viol On the 7lli it was with dillieiilly that the
Inn^ limit etleetecj a landing on the Islaml of Ainster
liani. " Wi' saw." says the reporter, willi amiisiii','
siniplieii V. '• .some turf, some reeds, and some arlio
resei'lit pi. lilts, lint the winil oliliged us to ipiit the
plaee hy midnight, and to make the hest of our wav
to t-'eylou."
II.— CEYLON,
TilK Ailstnan ex|M'dilioiii.st>' desi-rihed tlieinielves lus
easting anchor at I'oiiit de < iaile, to wliiih so nneii- i
vialile a notoriety lian l.ilely altaehed il.self from the
losH of the Mulitlitir ; and they speak of it as "a |Hiint
of little iiiiportaiii-e. consisiingof a pettali or vill.ige of
dark aiNirigines, a fort, aii<l an Kur.ipean ipi^rler, the
white houses in which, theole.in streets, and the shady
avenues, present an inrreealile as| I."
Ituddliisin, which we are tohl seems to recoil liefore
.Miihamniiidanism m ilie far east, is still in I'nll pros-
pi-rily ill 1 evlon. 'I'liis i land i.s, .10 to say, the Itome
..f the w.inliip,. i-s of SalvVa .Mnni. The temples and
.■lia|NtU de\..iei| to that ilivinitv are, iw a iialiiial coii-
w.pnini»>', to \>n •■^milled hy thoiis.iinls. The .Singlni-
les.- |MRt^sUi .■uifoy coiisHJeraMi' political and religious
aiiilioniy. TWy persist i 1 i;,'noiiiig everv woiil of
Kie,'lisli origin : it is iheir nc llioil of protesting against
the coiinnt'riug heretics of the lioly l.sland. Jn other
' res|«'cts llicy are very polite lo Kiimpeans, and a|i|M'ar
to Ih' solely iH'i iipied with their religinns duties.
Scarcely had the learned travellers disemliarked,
j than they directed their steps to the great temple of
Dadella I'liii/.ela, where resides the (ircat Iricst of
I Ceylon, Nnrronnded hy his hamadiinrs They had thu
honour of heing presented to the Singhalese I'ontiir.
lie i.s dcsci'ihed IIS iheii all old llliill, .some se\ cut V Veal's
of ii'.'c, and as ri'joii'.ng in the ii.inie of Nanalangara
Sirisuniaiia .Mah.idama liadgiiiiong (laiiatchari Nai-
kiiiiangl. lie informed the .Viistiians thai he liiid long
residecl in the coillilry of Siaiii, iiiid that the cmpeior
of that country had only recently sent him a parasol
of honour. He then eondcsi ended to iii(|iiii'i' their
nanus, their conntiy, and the ohjeci of their journey ;
the replies to wliiili he had duly leporled hy a secretary
will) wrote with a goose ipiill on paper, piohalily re-
s; rveil (or profine |iurposes, for in aiioiher part of tlio
temple they oliscrved a student Iraiiscrihiiig noIi:o of
the Niicred writings upon a leaf of taliput.
The next pxcnrsioii niade was from < lalle to C'olouilio.
The expeditionists had no reason to complain of the
liist portion of their journey to llenlotte. the so called
caraviins»'iiii, and whii h place is deycrihcd as reseiiihliiig
the stations on "our railways," and iis having hi en
coiislrnclcd at the ex|s'nse of government. l''.\ cry
accommodation, and excellent food, were to l>c olitained
at prices marked on a tarill'. Itut matters diil not pro-
(I'l'il .so cheerily iiflcrward.s. 'J'hedrner gi I .so drunk
at Heiilotte, as to he no longer capahle of preserving
his eipiilihriiini. A policeman was in cordiiiL;ly applied
to t'l supply a new om', hut lie either .i.iild iiol or
would not accede to their ileiiiiiinls; ihey were ohliged,
therefore, to jait up \sith their liiily .\iigliciin con-
M'Vor, who siHin fell under the wheels, hill, luckily,
without receiving any siiions injuries. Thu lior.mi
took iidvantage of the inishiip to refuse to go any
further. It is the ciistoiii, we aic tohl, in that spirit
of generalisation which is (on olten iillielcd hy tra-
\el|eis, when they hase anyone e.-i-e iipi.n which to
giiiuii I their com Insioiis, to alt.ich to the carriages of
Ir.ivellers, whatever may he their wci'jht, a single,
meagre, thin, pit is looking lioise ; Inrtlier, liny only
change every ten or lil'iceii kilometres (.seven to tin
liiilcs), so, to niake the iiiiimid liio\e. thcv are ohligeij
to have rccouisc to an 1 xeeiitioiur s expedients. His
ens are t«islid with coiils, and a stick is pushed
under his tail, ami as soon as the | rhrast, exasperalcd,
hreaks into a trot, the dii\ers hegin to swear, .scieani,
ami whip, to keep up the excitement. It re.illy iliil
not ri'ipiiie (o go to (,'e\lon to see this ; hut, in a land
so ilevoledly given np to the helief of tiansmigrai Ion,
he((er things niii:lit h.ue heen ex|Hil,..l.
It was not widioiit trouhle that iiiir (ra\elleis
reached a IJoinaii Catholic mission, where they
ohlalned a new lioi-se and a new coai liniaii, who iIiomi
them to a M'coinl mission. Kallier .Miliaiii in.slsted
upon their acceptance of n cup of colli i', and pioini.scd
them a hreakl'ast on their reliirn from Colomlio. It
was dark ere the J mrmy was ii'siinied, and happily
the road was lit lip hcie and tie re hy (he nallM's vt ho
«cndcd their way hi'iiie w il h torches of p.ilm w |,
which threw out vivid hpaiks and spread a delight fiil
fra;.'ranee aroiiiel. It was midnight when they
reached ('ololnho.
Colomlio, like all other liidinn cities, is composed
of two ipmrleis. The white town, with its (iirls,
where the V'mv jm-.i.i pojnilalion, wlinli al.so has the
I;
iliitii'.s.
ilisi'iiili.'U'kril,
'III ti'iii|ili> (if
•Mt liifst of
riii'V liMil till)
lllrsc I'mitid'.
si-\crityynii'M
Niiimliiiinnni
iitiliaii Niii-
I III' liiiil loiii;
till' riii|iriiii'
lilll U plllM.'-liI
iii|iiii'i' tlii'ii'
lir jniiriit'v ;
i_v ii .-rnctiii-y
|ii(ilialily 11'
jilll't III' tliu
ling Koii:e of
tl< ('itllllllllO.
jiliiiii of till'
III' .si> riillcil
> ri'M'iiiMiiiir
liiiviiii,' III en
lit. Kwiy
I ln'olitailiL'il
I I ill nut pro-
t so ilnihk
I' |iri'S('i'viri;;
lyly a]i|ili('il
'iild nut III'
I rr i>lilij,'c(|,
i.ulicaii run
nil, liirkily,
'I'lu' llOl'Sl'
til jjo any
tliat Kjiiiit
III liy tiM
II wliii'li til
i'arii.ij,'is III'
t, II >iiij;li',
, llii'y only
'Vl'll to till
III' olilij;ii|
<nlN. Mis
is ]ill,sllril
^as|i<'rali'il,
iir, Mii'ani,
J'.'ally liiij
, ill a laiiil
iliiiyiaiion,
travi'ileis
lull' they
who iliovii
li iii.slsii'ij
I |lluniisr(|
inilio. It
il liajijiily
livi's wlio
III! WlMllj,
il.li;,'liiriil
H'li tliry
ri>ni|iiiMril
il.s liii'ls,
lias till-
T
m
I ' I
.1
Y^
» i 4
^r
11 I Itl'l' .11, 1 ,. 1 '! '
s*
K\.*|:i'UN 'UA*
1 "i !.' iir'
•I .. 1 .11
I'. .1"' il
i .-r'. ill'." 1
h'lUf.-' Il II
n,. ... 1 ... 1.
yi ., I..1 11.' t . 'ii<
.»( 1 ; .11- r.| !y lini.
I !>•" I liii; III lih-l'iiM
.|»'n .. ■"! iji-i'i" «.H
,\ III.. •( -111. u iiifi ■
I ;., I.. Hxr .l-I.. !.r ..I' Il
.IM l-rl l-
l! . I. ll.|. /I
.1, |...r.i(.
Il 1 .r •■ .iiiin!-. -I'""
,H. !.(i Willi h
.If .11 Vt,:.' jV
.t.vl liru't!: it
ik ,
Msn', "I 111. ,n.
..( '
ill. 11 Iij,' Il ' '" 1-'
U... 1.. r,,:,,.
-11. .\i
'I .«ll ,
ill- I i.il. I • I, I-
.!:.i I 111- 1 1
U i"l ICi'ii'i-
1. .Ii..,,...r ... r-il
ill Ul'i'l'i' 1>'.« ' ' ■ II .
1 i;iM. ,>i nil I'.l
1,1., Vl.r),
.|.. iH ■ .11'... ' •
,1 I .it n . .Ill 1 .,H i|i|H ii
(" si ■ 1
it . 1 1
. I . f M,r |ii .111 'I '
U'lt 111.' Iilii.-ii
• ..1. Il-.inl ), ^1111,11. 11
li II. I.
11 1.1 l -M
..1. !,l 111-'" 1 ■
1 •! < < iiill..
■ . 1|. ,.|.S ■■..■■nil ... . ' ' .
. . 1111,1 ■ l.lli.i . •>! till' ■ 1,
•■ 1.'' ,lli fc mil. II .
."(.■■.■„ll...!l,rf ^ .-■ ■
; t:i.
. .'...■
■•., ] '.!* If. 1
M' 1, t
... I . tl lii.M.-. ■ill
. I.., - .1... nil l.r. III.,. , .
,1 .. , .... • .11 , I, ,.. !, I .
..1 I, .Ml .!.., 1 , .1.1 llllll .'
t.-:, i..'. .1,. I'...' . .
..il. , ■ .- 1,1 .1, 'r, 1 !
' 1
1
' i
...I •■.'.. ^r.
tl(..
.,11- .1.
ii 1. „\'i
"•'■I.. .
lit. ,fi
I 1 II,
■IC.'. 1« V.fi"! -H iillT.
IMAGF EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3}
4
/
O
•^tr
Z
^
1.0
I.I
1.25
2.5
" lis lllllio
U 111.6
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
2-i WEST MAIN STREET
VC-LBSTER, NY. 14580
(716) 872-4503
'^
'9)
6^
m
«i
■sv
.yHl '
wy:-
\.v
Yi
^■.
^ .i
•'yj
li f
f^^'i «■ »
#
iHmMImiMM^
m
THE ISLANDS OF THE INDIAN AND EASTKRN SEAS
[;ciitriitos itself
22l
I'ight to koi'i) open slio|i tlii^roiii, (miiici
iiiiil tlic! lil.iulc town, iiit) wliio!i tilt! lMii,'lisli go
viTy rarely, but wiiiuli is im tcst.il)ly tiio most
activo !iii(l tlio most iiiilustrioiis of tliu two.
Colombo, a city of ;l !,0()() inhabitants, cajiitiil of
Coylon, iind scat of tlio [lolitical government, is clmrgfil
with not having loft agrccablr ivniinisocncos. Tin; so-
callcii wliitu town is Ucscribuil as being very gray ami
vei'v dirty, ami as being in a manifest stat(! of deelino,
which mav bo attril>uted to the fact that its liarboui'
is onlv aceossiMe during the north west moiis ion.
ireiici^ trailo is leaving it, wliilo it increases at Point
do dalle, whose jiort, said to be aocessililo at all times,
is alri ;uly the roiidozvous of se\'oral lines of steamers.
l)Ut, ii|Min thi. |ioint, o|>inioii dill'ers widely.
One agreoablo surprise presented itselt ; it was a
bo:ird intimating that an "ic<' shop" existed in
tjolombo. The ice came fi i tho United States.
J}h)cks transmitted across the Atlantic and the Indian
Ocean are much ohoa[ier in t'l'vhm than such as are
brought from the mountains of India. NliJi America,
and es[iocially Boston, supplies Iioinbay, Maib-as, and
Calcutta abundantly with this delicious refreshment,
by regular convoy's arriving every f)rtnight. 'i'he
trade, which is of recent origin, ai>pcars to return
good profits.
The inspector of the pearl iishories informed tho
expeditionists, that the fourteen Iishories wliic-h for-
inerlv brouirht in from 1,01)0,1)00 to I,SO.),000 francs
The Austrian consul, Mr. Wilson, ron<lucted the
mendiers of the ex|iediliou to what were justly desig-
nated ''magnilicent plantations" of ciiniannui lanrel.s.
I'lvery year cargoes of this pi-ecious vegetalde are
cNpoiled to till! value of twenty millions of francs; it
is a real miuiopoly, which natnio has made a present
licen ruined by a gre(
d 1
irk
if industry was
cl
mil igno
rant svstem of
Imallv aiian lonei
1 in 1.S38, Th
v"c'ver, reip ni'(
in
].'
ulu.dst ever iicciiniplUhi'il liy tlic present less luiiiihiliiinis
race is ('ij;lity-(ivi; .sccoiul.-i, lifty sithiiiU licini,' tlitf .irdiiiarv
iliiiatiiin of 11 ilive. So lar^jo a iiiiinliir nt' (iivcrs are at
work at oaee, that tliey iiiiist trust to cliaiico lor lillini,'
llieir nets in tlio iiiudily water; all kiials nf curious marine
aiiimaU — sea sluijs, lilaek, greasy, ami iiiile 'iis, str.iieje polvpi,
anil lieaiitil'al slielis— all e.aiiin:; up ia eoMi|i.iMy wiili Il:e lepti.
mate pearl oysler. ;4s iiiaay as sisty-live of tie se have lieeii
liniiif^lit up at I'lie haul, but the avera^^e iiainlier mIiIomi exeeeils
llHi'eu orlweuly. I'roperly speaUu^ it is not lui ovster at all,
liii_ a nienili.T of the mussel family, its corpvt i!isi(.'iiatioii lieiiii;
the Mi'li-iiifi-iivi mininrilijirii. The shells are ol a reililish
brown colour, anil have deeper and more clearly defined liiu(;es
tliiui the com mm oyster, which to uuseieutilie eyes it greallv
resemhles. It puss s.es a curi.tus kind ef sucker, or le^. hy meiii.s
of wiiieh it can aeeuuipl sh a slow progress over the hottom of
the >ea, a lilueish ^reen ta-sil (/-//.v.yi/.v) eiialilii''.r it to attach iise't'
to any ohjeet that tkes its fancy. The " hy- -us '' is hroKen ill"
and left liehiud when the oyster moves on, it liaviuir the jmuer
of reprodueiui^ it when a;;iin desirous of reioaining statiouarv.
They a e, howeviT, seuerally foiual loose liy the di\eis, icj 'vhieh
case they are easily Iraiisierred to l!ie iieis. Aeiordi;,„ to
the natives, its most formidahle enemy is a lish whom nature has
provided with a S' rt of gimlet nn its ii^ s^-, with which it liores
tlirongh the shell, sucking out its juiey eon'.eutsthrough the hole.
Th y are also saitl to fall victims I'l a kitiil of roach, live or six inches
in length, whieli devoin-s the ovsler, shell aid all. 'ihey mny do
nne damage aaiong the very yiung ones, hut a full-grown, haul-
."^■i.), and it ] shelled pearl oyster, )inilialily jiroM'S as I 'Stiiig a meal to a rimeli,
I"
ices as much as iJO,!!!)!) francs to tho rovciuie
as a I uek wi
th tin
mile
to a lioa constrictor.
The ifc
certain months i^t the year
Tl
portaut Pearl I'isliery is now carried on at .\ripo,
,-as dotted
le more nn
iiud is thus deserihed hv an eve-witness : —The pt
with tents, curious in shape am
Icolo
id'
linssihle s'/e
for tilt
I"
i)au
huts of I
steadily for ahout six leairs, hut at niiihiit:ht they have iieaily
had enough of it.
gun IS
tired
al fo
lishi
ct;ase. A liiial and simult lucous iilnnge is made hy the divers,
and the little ll Miila gets uiith'r weigh fur the heaeli, each hoiit,
as it arrivis,
■Kotl.
will;
deliveriii
1," or recelviiii
lu
prt
us freii/ht at the uovernmeiit
I a s ulrv at each
yaril, a large, i pen,
A guvirminut
1''
. Ilieial
liled
clo
>lt]ieritltei lis
eonimodatiou of the teaip ir.iry visitors. I a the iliv;sion of the w'.iole into four eipial lots, one of which is tht
the r -atlslead lav vessels of all kinds, from the
all sch.
.'il hy the superiutendeut as his tl.ig^hip, to the va-i aisstritigely-
sliaped native ho.its
\ith their chii.
ly outriggi rs
111 hi
brown sails, fragile-looking little canoes ami cata iiaraus, making
rapitl voyages b tween tlieai and the shore. All l!ie det.dls of the
fishery are earrietl on at .'silawarorre, tw- 1 miles d iwn t!ie coast.
tho .seal) lard for a c msiderahlo dislance be. ug r.il-e.l .sevta'.il feel
■ 1'
Tl
ill height by the aeeinnulatioas of oyser shells lir
boats n-ed hy the divers, 1 7H in n.nuher, were dra Ml up in two
tipnidrons, opposite the Government biiildiiiL's, One sipi.idroo is
tolil oil lor each day's fi:
wlien a signal gun
I fired, a la
id gets under
al uiidaiL'ht,
' gener.iUy springing up at that
time cnahliuy them to reach the (leirl baiilis, twelve iiiiie.i fr
the
hv ilavlight. fiie boats are all iinmbered, and aiieln
ni a .me, when divi
coaitiienees Mime
liatelv
has fc
liking stones
Kach boat
id two divers are told off at
stone, which weighs about forty poiiads. TIa
111 di\
rtannneratiiia to which ilie li. vers are enttled, ami fur this 11.) v
Ide \k
itl b at I. ell. This iliare is iisuallv at ouceie
Id I v
' I h.
th III at I'l^tail prict s, outside tla^ g-itcs, higher ju ices hi
tai led for till 111 than those fetched at the goverimnnt Bill
where only thous'imls are talked ahout. '1 hese Mihs take pin
till
da
li.Uo
th.
tisia
1 rge
"uijan
bail 'iiiu, with open siiie.s, roiiutl whieh ciowil the speculators
i.f all elas-i
, ca-le
id III
Singhalese but sel.lom vciiti:
ill.
ley
of thi
in lliese iii.derlal.iiigt, piel rriug to invest such savings i
make in laud, liy lar the gnatest pioporlion are iiitivcs
.south coniiiieiit of India, w lieic the .-I'iiil of speculation seen:
eipially well ih'veloptil in the wea thy 1,'lietty merchant, the po;
sc'sor of thoiisoals, aiitl ill tlie com noii c'ooly, who will expend
bis liardly-
bivalv
d biro in three or fniir of the mueh-covetid
It is dilheiilt to distinguish rich fn in ]«i<\- ainoiig tin
■artliy gentry, the r-i'liest s. Idoni we.niug any clothes beyinid
liiiiai cloth roiind llie liea.l and another roiin<l the loins, thongli
alteriiiti ly, as too much time would he lost by clia.igiog, hut | large annaint of wi'al h is of en coiiei aled in the tlirly folds ol the
wl
leii Ol e III;
111 is tired the other talo's his pi e-e. T
iiev iliseartl
lall : iatl,
,V pair of wo.i
als
al
.'h
llbl
ecess.irles for closing the ears and ii i-trils, and the diver descemls I jilele the costume, whieli, if not elegant, is cia'lainly n it expensive
hy placing his teet upon tin
attached. His niovemeiils are w.itche.l by his comr.ide
drawo up the stone the moment the diver reieliesthe bottom
• sinking stone," to which a rope is
" via
Ih.
slless eounteiiaucics of all are alike slaniped with
Th.
.irice, the (I///7 sitrriijiiin .i appearing to bim.t all other feclii
iv-ters are si
I l.y 1
lots of llol le-s tl
laii one ttioii-
v:"-
with the net or basket in whieli the oysters are <lep,„sited, the diver ' sand, a purchaser to Ihat extent having tlieoptlmi ul taking as many
elf facilitating 1
hv tl
liohling on to an oar, or lloaliiig lor a minute
le same means.
iiid, 111
.Vfler
or so, to recover
as thirty tliiiiis,;nil, if he likes the price. At llie preiinus li.^hi riis of
i.sr,
le IS ready tor another pliia
.Most of the d
ivers are
>s, the ]iiieis were low, .JL'l 1 t.«. per tin
; but till
le proli
lllsthi
en 111. ide were eiiormoiis.
id hi
null tl e tact .-on
Tamils, and far from being of miserable appearance, are mostly I known, that on this oeeasion £ t 8.v. per Inoo was the iiriee freely
stout, healthy Hieii. .Veeiden's troni sharks are of very rare ! olfere<l at the first day's sale. The best ci it
if tl
le success or
Spl
alalo
occurence, contrary to our pree inceived nolioiis lai the sii'ij.cl, 11
only one aulheniiiated fatal cas-c having iccnrred sin.'e Cevloii ' hnud'icd tlmusand:
line into our imssessi
111. Ui fculo
la
ive been told and I lisln
•iflieved respecting the leagth of time divers reniaiii under walci
.Co Cl
,as the steady rise in prices; at one time several
Id at ,f.S (i.v., and up to the i lid of the
Ct wete readily g \'cu
soine giving
till
as I wo ini-intes, other
s asserting tiiat as in ri
Were jiresenl, o\er tiHl.OOO oystta's
much as nereii miiiules' siihmeriiiuii haa been auliivted. The
alv
I hi
.\1
ipi
ovslers are
.11
dial.lv
ale
■d of.
\ lii.'li
id to
I jiurcliiisei-s to their own privalc var.ls, where, if time can
■d by Ihi'ir
li.i giv.ii.
I' !
11 $1
222 ALL ROUND
of to tlir isliinil of Ovloii. Tliciiec they visittMl »
iimiiufln'toiy of ( •.L'oii-nut oil. Tlicy iilso siiw in tlic
stcii'c-lionsc '•rciii lulls" of cowiics, sliills oolli'ctfd iit
tlii^ Miildivc Isl.iinls, mill (li'|iMsit('(l at Ci'vloti on flicir
wny to {.(iiKJiin, wliciicc tiii'V aiv tr.iusiiiittfd into tlie
interior of Afiica as cnrri'iit t-oin in cxcliangc for i;iilil
(lust, |ialni oil, and, still nion^ i's|ici-iMlly, alas! for
!iei;ro('s ai]d n('i,'n ^sps. A ton of tlii'sc shells is worth,
at (Jeylon, ahont l.KnO francs, and the living llpsh of
negroes is e.\i'liaiigi'(l against an equal weight of shells 1
Here onr tr.i\ cllers werealso introduee<l to the luxnry
of the ]iuiika, which in the night-time they tell ns
refresh the slundicrs of somnolent liaiikers', and even
gild their golden dreams,
( )m theii' way hack fiom Colondio to Poiin, do Galle,
r'.illiei Miliani. true to his ])roinise, awaited the ajijiear-
:.nce of the e.xjieditionists at Caltnra, in an elegant
carriage, to convey them to the ]ircshtyeiv of St. Selia.s-
lian. On their way thithei-, the natives whom they
met are descrilxd as throwing themselves down full
length, and waiting, tlicir faces veiled, fi>r the hlessing
ot their )iastor. Tiie reverend father, who with one
hand 111 Id the reins of his " break," distrilaited his
IpcMcilii'tions half witli his hand an<l the other half with
his whip '. ,lusl as they were reaching the church, two
Sinuhalc'se ohstructi'd their way, (jne of them heggeil
the father to accompany him to his dying wife, the
other alri'ady 'leld the sacred vessels used in s'.iih sad
eircnmstanc<'s, and which he had hrought with hun from
the jiresliytery. M. Miliani surprised, handed over the
reins to Commodore AVullerstorf, and excusing himself
with the m ist perfect politeness, di.-;ip|K?ared in the
forest that liordercd the ri>ad. He was not long, liow-
ever, in i-oming back, when his sndling eonntenanee
showed that the case w.is not so bad as had l)eon
imaiiined. The fact is thit, at the least indications of
I t
ilicy !irr li'ft till all tlic iiiiiniiit inciter liiis cIccDiiipn^i'd laicl ilis-
:>)iii(-ai(Ml, Sonic (■(tn>iiifral»lt' tiiiii.' inn^t lu'cci-sarilv elapse U-tiirc
al! tills is acnniiplislicil, even in a tnijm'al cimiitrv ; niiil in nuist
ciKC", tluicliiri', l! !• iM'iiils iiri' olilaiiM'd IVinii tin- iivsii r« liv wasli-
iiiL', a ]ir"ci'-s whicli taUcs place wlicn tliev are iii iin ailvanecil
>l:ii;e 111 ileecjiiiiiipsilidii. 1 1 is cciiicliKt ell iip"n tlic same priiieipb;
as lluit eiiipliivccl ill pilil t'l'iiml in llie smiil iir alluvial ile-
]"isits. 'I'liey arc rcnmvcil intii lariic I :li-, or ciiiiiH's liewii
Inini II .siiliil Ills.', tlic sliells arc ]iiclicil o\ii. care lieiiig t;,!,- .n
lo j'l'eservc tiiuse to wliicli pearls arc fonntl aiilioriii^. \\',- .t
istlien I'nelv iipplieil, tlni Inatlisoiiic muss lieiiij; well stirred ap liy
Inn. I till tlie )ie:irls arc freed riMiii all i.dl.esivc matter, and ]iieei-
pitiited t'l !lie liiittoiii, wliere, I'I'ler tin' liipiid lias liecii piiurcd oil',
tliev ari' di-'-lov. li to tile exi'iled. anxious ^u/e of tlicir prnprietor.
A more di-_-ii«tiiii; specliicle eiin liaruly lie eoneeivod, tliiin lliat of
a er'i\vd of wonieii and cliililreii ei.ijiloyid upon :liis loiillisniiu'
work ; iiorcaii linnian nature lie viewed in a iiincli more repulsive
aspirt tliaii that of an olil eoloiin'd woinaii, almost destiiiile of
clolliiiiLr. In'i- li:iir tanirled and liislievelled, her eyes lileaniiii;; wit n
cupidity, and her skinny arms half liiried in a hideous mass of
i-orruplion that wouldappal an aiialy Ileal elieir.ist. Peculation is
rile anion:; the jieopl,' tlms eiiiiiloyed, swiillowinj; the jieiirls luiii^r
theninst apimivid ii.clhodil appropriaiini; thcin, notwithstandin','
the horrilile odour and appciiriiiiee ol'tlie iiiiiss from which lley are
extnieted. I'liMishineut, however, f' Hows sw (tly upon detiction,
the suspected party lieini' at «inec dosed witli a |iowerf"ul jinctic
no ri>'anl lieiiiu' paid to either sex, iifrc, or cons it nt ion, n triist-
H'lrlhy friend of the proprietor walehiiii.' the result. The owners
eflar^'c slocks of oysters (.'eiienilly iTcet their temporary donii-
riles close hv. or In the yards in wliii'h tlieyarc siored, apniir 'nlly
iineouseions of the poi. ns sti'iieh frcneraied liy the deeiyiii};
heaps; sulhciently poi.sonons, one would iiuiii:ine, to )>riMliiec a
lihiL'ne every lishery. Triilinsr in pearls FOeins to he a ilisiiuet
liiisine^s with these people, and is not eoinliini'd with dialing in
any other deseriplion of l-ci s. Tiie merehunt usually eariics
most of his stock iihout wilh him, seereleil In the folds of his
caruieiit, toir*'ther with his "appanage,' eotisisting of a sipiare
THE WOULD.
sickness, tlu! n.ilives hiix'e the sarrament.s adniini. ered
to them at once, fnnn leligioiis | rudence and from ♦oo
ready confidence in the virtues of the holy oil in c\iring
their physiial ailment.s.
A sharp canter, in which they were followed by a
tall niiti\e, who kept up with them at full speed to
obtain a ".supplement of licncdiction," brought them
to the village, when the whole congregation of the
faithful were in attendance to toniliict them across ii
gi-ove of palms to the ) resbvfery, 'he cohiuins of which
were decorated with garlands, with green boughs, tro-
pical flowers, and admirable ba'<ets of fruits, abuve
wliich ehariningly variegated birds, artistically cut by
the Singhalese out of cocoa nut leaves, .seenud to fly.
Over the (hairway was an anchor emblem of fiiith, and
words taken from the Kpistle of St. Paul : " ^ly hope
ha.s not ihreived me." xvere to 1 e read in gii'i ii letters.
This was a delicate allusion to the jiromise made !iy the
cominodore to accept the entertainment Jirofh'red by
the reverend father on his return from Colombo.
A long table had been laid in the interior, and it
actually groaned beneath the weight of viands. Arm-
chairs weie disposed at distances, and the fli nr was
Covered with the bright yet delicate lea\es of the
ficus rcligiosa. As si .on as M. W'lillerstorf had taken
his place, some hundred paiisliiniurs arranged tlnin
selves in group;*, and exeiaitcd iiaii'oial dances to the
soumi of drums and fifes. 'I"iie rep.ist would liaxe met
with the a]i)irobation of guests nmst dillicult to plea.se
even in Kiirope.
The ]ia''isli of Saint Sebastiini boasts, we are told, of
about U,(lllO convents ; it is one of the most inipoitant
of tlie fifty stations of the d'oeese of Colombo, whose
bislio|) is Jlniiseigneur liiava. The (^'omnn dure left a
goodly ]iresent fiir the Church of Father !Miliaiii, and
diirk liluc cloth, marked out into divis'oiis, a pair of s.ales and
weiL'hts, and a series of sniiiU hrass .'•aueers, perfe. rated with holes
of dillereiit sizes ; niiiiio r one heiiij; hi 'ee eiiou;:h *• iidmit the
passii^e (if a pearl thesi/e of a jiea, while the smallest is only
ealeiilaled to a low the dust to eseiilie. 'thron^'h these the pearls
are sifted, thosi' n niaiuiut; in each fiiiieer heiiijr placid upon its
appropriate divsion on the eloth, ii iiai^li uieiisureii cut heinj;
thus speedily iini\id al. It is not lasy to value tlieiii eorreelly,
the (list inel ions n lule lieiiitr mi n any, it ml so nice. 'J hi re are all o-
trether twelve ila-sis, in none olwhieh is the iietnal wei}.'hl taken
into eonsideratiou. >o. 1 is called Ani, eomprisin;: those to
which l*liiiy first appliid the term '* iinio," in which alt the
hijrhest iierleiiioim of lustre and spl.erieily are centred ; No. 2,
Auathari, are such as fail a little in one iminl, either in lustre or
siiherieity : No. H, ^'aiaulayam ; No. •!, Kayiral. sneh as tail in
Imtli ; .No. ,"). Massa;.'!!, or eentusion ; JCo. ti. Vniiivu, he- uty ;
No. 7, M.dai'L'u. hint or "folded '■ pearls ; Xo. S, Km wal, do. I'lle
liearls ; Jso. !l, Kalippn, sitrnilyiiii^ " iil'iiiidanee ; " No. lo, I'asal ;
.No. 11, Kiiiid, "misshapen;" Ihe-e liml a ready side in
India, all kinds and sliapis heiiii; iiidiseiiuiiiiately used to
adorn the ioi,j;lilyniadc liieast-|ihiles if pild worn liy woiia'H
of hiirli caste; .No. ]2,Tliool, literally " jiowder ; " these are all
easily dispi sed of in India, where they are made into " Cliiinani,"
a relineii kind of lime (or (.Teat ladies to chew with thiir
iM'tel. Mysterious whispers nt lucky ventures pervai'e the
can p. Yi.u are told ol a eoiiinn n ii oly hiivin^'ini ih' h s forlune
for life liy the fortunate expenditure of a rupee, and we were
sliiiHii one line jiearl vvorlli sev. ii or ei(.'lit pounds, thi' nsull of
a sixpenny s|Kinlalioii hy a small hrown L'irl. The jeiirls are not
olteii very larp'. In IKCo the oysters sold at the un|ireeeilented
lira f L'lli per 1,00(1, lor an extraordinary rea-on — the iimtinies
in India. An enormons aiiionnl of jiwi lli ry was " leoted " \iy
the liritish soldiery, neaily the whole of which till into the hands
(it the well-alleete.l iiolelity. Xow that mailers have selllid
down, the ladies of dude, who were the jiriiieipal losers, are
anxious for a In.sh assortment, the ileiii. iid L'reatly exceeds the
supjily, and the prieis of pearU are exiietl^' double what the^
w I re last vear.
THE ISLANDS OF THE INDIAN AND EASTERN SEAS.
iidniini. prcil
tiiid tViiiii ♦,()()
• nil iii curiiij,'
illiiwed I'y a
twll S|,tC(l to
ildllgllt tlll'lll
Mtiuii (if tlio
lifiM luidss a
inns (if wliicli
lllllli,'ll.S. tlD-
Cniits. mIkivc
ic.dly lilt liy
('(■niid t(i tly.
(if fiiitli, and
: "]My lidpc
f,'i('( n Icttci's.
ni.lcic liy tlio
]iintli'icd liy
111 ('(ildinliii.
I'ridi-, Mild it
inds. Ann-
ie ill (ir WMs
'lives (if till'
i-fliiid liiKcn
iii,i,'id lliiiii
liinces t(i tlie
lid liii\ (• met
lilt til jileiiso
.' iiPO tdld. (if
■^t iiiijiiirtiiiit
illllld, wllIlM'
■ ■dure left ;i
Miliaiii, mid
lit' s.iilis illul
ll'.l Willi ll(llc8
■' lllllllit tlic
li'st is Hilly
St' tile pcnrls
ii'id 11)11111 i(a
'11 lilt liciii^
111 loiTiclly,
II ri' art' allii-
»tij.'lii lakcn
s: IliiiM' 111
liili nil the
rt il ; Nil. L',
r ni lustre tir
)i as ffiil in
\ii. Ill- >it\ :
nval. il..,.l'ili.
1. 10, I'asal;
lily siilr ill
!y iivfil 111
liy \Miiia'ii
tlifst' ai-f all
' Cliiiiiaiii,"
Willi llitir
I'l-vai f tlic
Il s liiilmif
il w f « t-re
I' 11 Milt (if
arls are not
|iiifiilt'iitfil
111' 11 iirniii's
l.'i.liil " ],y
1 lite Italldrt
ivf scKIkI
li'siTii, arc
Xl'fClls tll(>
wluit tlicy
for thfi spi'viiiits. (iftrr whioli tliey got into their car- i and whilst in India the feiiiiiles aiv provided with
liat'c, aeciiiii|iiiiiied i.s tiir a.^ tht,' next stiitinli liy tlieir tlieiii, tlimi'^li of iiiUfli 'ess diiiieiisinns than the males,
liiist, liy a '.land nf niiisifians, di-iiiiuniiii,', lilnwinn, and nut uiif ele|iliuiit in a hundred is fniiiiil with tii>Us in
wliistliiii^, as al>ii liy a liaii 1 nf |iaiisliii)iiei's, lilaek and Ceyldii, and the few that possess tlieni arc exelusively
alnidSt naked futures, with loii!,' Mat hair falling; lielow males.
the elliiiws, sliiiiitin;,', gesticulating, and dancing; it Sir James Emersdii Teiinant had during his stav at
was evidently 'ill extraiu'diiiaiy festival with them. Kiiiidy, twice the oppiirtuii't^ of witnessing tlio
These poor Siiijjhalese, astonished at so iiiagniticeiit a , ii|ieratiiiii, (iii a gr.ind scale, '.I capturing wild elephants,
1 cptioii, designated the Commodore as "King of the inleii(h'd to he trained fur ilie piililic service; and the
Sea." I same alilt^ adiiiinistiMtor and distinguished author
I 'evlon has lieeii celehi'ated throughout all ages for [ siiecee(h'd in the course nf his fi'ei|iieiit joiiriievstlirdugli
its pearls and its elcpliants. We have already given an | the interior of tlut islami, in collecting so munv par-
.leiiiiiiil oftlielVail Fishery, and we will now proceed ticidars rehitive to the liahits of these iuteiesiing
to the latter. animals in a state of nature, as has enaliled him not
The e!('[ihiiiit, the lord paramount of the Ceylon | only to mid to the iiiforiiiatioii ]iicvidiisly piis.sc.s.sed, hut
forests, is til lie met with in almost every district of to eorreet many fallacies popularly rcceiMil regarding
that great i.slan(l, in the confnies of the woods, in their instincts and di^piisitidii.'
wlid.se depths he linds eoneealmeiit and shiuU' duniig The very etyinolngy of the name elepliant is nn-
tlieliiiurs wiieii the sun is high, and from which lie kmiwii, and therefore, as may lie imagined, the niattir
emerges diilv at twilight to wend his way towards the of mm li learned and iiigeiiidus dispiiti ' ion ; one partv
rivers and tanks, when; ho luxuri ites till dawn, when helieving it deiivi'd fimu the Saiisciit Aiia\ aula. Son
li,' again seeks the retirement of the deep forests, of tlioUcein, aiiiither from the Araliic Al lil Hindi,
With the exceiitioii indeed of the iiarniw liut densely AW I/iUicus ; and a third again from the Ilelirev,'
inhabited hclt of cultivated land, which extends along Klepli lllinli, also Indian ( >x. A very erroneous
the sea-shore of the l.slaml from Cliilaw on the western fallacy haiuled liy yKliali, I'liiiy, Shaw, Sir W. Jardine,
ciiast. to Tangalle on the east, there is no part of and other naturalists, is corrected lit the outset liv Sir
I 'evlon in which elejihants may not ho said to abound ;
even close to the en V in Ills of the most populous localities
■ if the interior. T'liin' fie(pieut both the open plains
and the deep forests, ami their fimtsteps are to bo
seen wherever food and shaih , vegetation and watiu-
ailiire them, alike on the summits of the loftiest tint tusks
on the horihu'.s of the tanks and low
■>-l
iiiountains ami
land streams. (.•>■(■.■ page lil^u.)
Fiiini time imiiiemorial the natives have been taught
to lajitiire and tame them, and the export of elephants
t'rom Ceylon to India has been going oil without
interruiitidii fruiu the period of the first I'unie war
(vEliau, ih' Xal. Animal, lib. xvi. e. 18 ; Cosmos
liidico, pi. p. 1:,'S). Ill later times all elephants were
]iatienee of a white man than of a native. Were I. is
instincts to carry liim further, or were he inlliieiiced
by any feeling of animosity or hostility, it must be
apparent that, as against the piodigidiis iiumbi is that
J. K. Teiinant. Elephants, he .says, do not shed their
tiL.ks after losing their lir.st pair, or, as they are called,
the "milk tusks;" the .seeimd pair aci|iiire their full
size and bocoim- tlie " pel mam nt tusks," which are
never shed. Again, it is a mistake to sup| ose that
ire defensive organs. So harmless ami
peaceful is the life of the elephant, that nature ajipears
to have left them un|ir(ivided with any wcapnii of
oU'ence ; their tusk being too delicate an ingaii to be
ru(h'ly eiii]ildye(l in a Cdiitliet with nther aiiimals.-
Tdwards man (dephaiits evince sliynes.s, arising from
their love of solituiie and dislike of intriisiiin ; any
alarm they exhibit at his appeaiaiice may be rea.sdii-
ably traced to tue .slaughter w liiili has reduced their
the pr iperly of the Kaiidyan (.'rown, and their capture ' numbers; and as some evidence of this, it has iilw..vs
nr slaiigliler, without the rnyal permission, was cla.ssed been observed that an elephant exhibits greater iiii-
amoii^st the gr.ivest olfeiices in the Kail.lyall eoilo.
In recent yens there is reason to believe that their
iiiimbers have bccomo cousi'l 'rably reduced. They
have entirely disappeared from districts in which they
were formerly iiiimeroiis ; smaller herds have been inhabit the forests of Ceylon, man woiild wage an
taken ill the perindieil captures for the public service, iiiiei|iial contest, and that of the t'Mi one oroiher must
aiiil hunters returning from tin; chase report them to long since have been reduced to a helpless miiinrity.
lie more scarce. In eon.seipienee of this diminution the The alleged antipathies of the elephant to all ipiad-
peasaiitry in .soiiio parts of the island have even siis- riijieds, es|itcially swine and dogs, and the absurd state-
|iiiii|eil the ancient practice of kee|iiiig watchers and im nt th.'t he is alarmed if a hare start from its fonii,
tires by night to drive away the elephants from their are in a great degree, if not eiitii'elv, imaginary. "The
u'l'iiwing croii.s. The opening of nads and the clearing habits of the elephant," (ib.servcs Sir Jaiiies. "are
the moiiutaiii forests of Kanily f':^r the cultivation of es.sentially harmless ; his wants lead to no rivalrv with
riitlee have forced the animals to I'etire to the low ' other animals, and the food to which he is most attached
ciiiintry, where again they hav(> been folhuved by large ! is found in such ubundaiice that he obtains it without
parties of Kiiroiiean sportsmen ; and the Singhalese
iheiiiseht's, being iimre freely provided with arms than
ill foiiiier times, have assisteil in swelling the annual
slaughter.
ll.id the motive which incites to tli(^ destruetioii of
the elephant ill .Africa and India prevailed in Cevhui.
and had the elephants there been provided with tusks,
they wtiiild long since have been annihilated for the •""I"''"" ''"' ■''""l-'''"''' "''^•''''•' """'■' ''''I''""*"- Hm Mr. IMiI.ctid
.sake of their ivory. I'.iit it is a curious fact that, I '''"«'"''"'''■"''■'*'"''■'"" ■^'''''''■'' '"'■""• -""* "I'lt I'lai""'!''
whilst in Africa bulli sexes liavo tusks, with
' Ci'vliiii : .All .Ai'Ciuiiit of lilt' Isla.il, IMiysif il, llislurical, anil
Tii|ini;r.i,.lii('al, wall Not 'cfs of its Natural llisliiiy, .\iit;.|uilits, ami
I'riiiluctiiins, by Sir .lames " iicrsim I'l luiaul, K (!.S., I, I,. I)., \o.
• n.o animal iin|iortaliii<. I' ivnry iiUii (ileal Hi iuiu alone tor
llic last li'W yi'ars lias lii'on .ilnnil out' inilHiui i"itiuils, wliicli,
taking; the avfrape vvt'ii,'lit of a tusk at sixty piiniiils, woiiltl
\vht>lt' (if the ivory-traili'ut' i'^ast .Mrica, the must |iriiiluctivt' nt all,
... I is now ill the hiiiiils tit thf .Xint'ricaiK. 'I'lic iiuiulifr iif elc|iliaiits
slight disiiidportion in the size of those of the females, ( annually lUstrtiyitl euniiol, thurefore, hfUiitUr ;iO,oo(,».
■2'i'l
AT.T, T?nTT\n THE WolM-D.
li''--i!i3\\
WORKING ELEPHANT l.( CtiLU.t.
an eflnri. In tlit> i|iiict s..iituili's of f'rylnii, .-li-iiliaiits
limy I'nnstMiitly !«■ si- ii liri.wsiii;; jiiMciliilly in tlio
iniiiicili:iti' \iiinity ot", ah'l in ilo^i' i-unt.u-t witli,iitlii r
iiniinals. I Imvi- miii '.tduiis ntMiM-r .inl wil.l Imtl'ilncs
iviliiiiii'.' in tin- sanily beil nt'a rivi-r in tlic iliy siason.
anil ilr|p|iant> iilii.kinL.' tlio Innu'lios i-lnsi' Ui'siilc tliciii.
Tlii'V >lio\v no nii|iati< noo in tli>- i'i>iii|'Miiy nt' tlu' rik.
tile liiMi-, anil tlie wilil lin:; : aii'l ^'n tin' ntln r lianil I
liavi' lii'ViT discDVOivil an in^taiici' in wliirli tlii'so
animals lia\i' iviincil any a|i|i|iliinsiMii d tliiiii. '
Till' cli'iili lilt s hatiiral tiniiii.;y, liii>\fMi-. is snrli,
tliat lie Itc'iiinis alarincil •■n tin- ajiinMrancr iii tlic
iiiiii,'li' iifany anini il -su.li a- a li'irsi'. anil csin'cialh if
iiiniintiMl. U'liiii i-nraLifil an ili|iliant will imt lusit.itc
ti' cliiii,'!' a riilor on Imi-M-Kark ; hwt it is ai.Miii~t
till' iiim. II. it airain^t tln' Imrso. that Ills fury is
iliri'''ti'i| : aii'l im in-tance lias ln'i'ti I'Vii- known
of Ills w.iiroiily assiilin'^ a lior^i'. A Ihtsi' wliirli
liiloii^.il to till' rclfl.iatfl I'li'jiliant-slayi'i', Major
liiil,'i'is. lia'l inn awav ti'iiii liis •_'rii'iiii. ami was fmnul
soriii' riiii-i.lii-alili' tiiiK- alU'rwanl-i L'ra/in;; i|iiii'tly
vvilli a In Til .if 1 li'i.li.iiits. (hi tin' wlmli'. it may
111' sai.l that tin' i li'[.ha!it livis mi tii'iiis uf amity
with I'Vi'iy i(nailrii|»''l in tin- I'oiv-t. that he iiiillnr
ii';;arils tlnni a- hi- f'i"s nor |irov..ki's tlnir h.istility
iiy his aits; ami t :it. with tin' cxi'i'iitioii of man,
hi" ^'ii'atpst enemy - i : v — tl„' tiinii'iiilous tzetso, nr
fli'|ihant tly.
Till' ('|i'|il.aiit ilo - .lot list- hi^ tn-ks in li;,'lilinij at
k'ii.--t gi'iiiTally — hut it.s foijt is itt> iliiit wia)..in, ihi'
prr-siiri' of till' foot hi'iin; sntVicii'nt to onish any minor
assailant, aftrr ln'iiii; prostrati'il hy mraiis of his trunk.
A |n'riiliai' formation in tln' kin'i'-Joint in tin.' hinil h'L,',
I'lial.linu' liim to su iiiLT his himl ti'i't I'lo-c to tin- m-'ininl.
als.ias-ists him in tussini; thcho.ly alternati'ly from foot
to loot, till hi' ili'|iiiv(.'s it of lifi'. A sportsm.in who
ha.l iiiiih'i'U.ii.i' this ojierution. haviiiij Ih'oii si'izi'il hy a
wonmliiil rh'|iliant. Imt ri'sciieil from his fiirv, was thus
tliinj,' liai'k anil forwanl hi'twi'i'ii thi' liiml .in.l t'oro fi'i't
of till' animal, wliii'h iiiclli'i'tii.-illy ,itti'm|iti'ii to tiam|ili'
him at each conriissioii, hut ali:'n.|..ni'ii him without
iiillirtini.' si'i'iinis injury.
In ia|iti\ity. howi'Vi'r, after a iliie cMirse of tniiniiii;.
the eli']i|iant (lisi'iivers a new Use for his tUsks, wlien
rni|i|o\i'il in iiioviiiL; stones ami [.iliii:,' tiinher — so mmh
so that a iiowerliil one will raise an. I e.'irry on them a
loi; of half a t..ii weif,'lit. or more. Sir J K. T.'imant
lehites the followiiii; aiiecilote, as at om-e ilhi~tr,iti\e of
this I'aiullv. as ,'ilso of the s,ij,'aeity ol' the -.iiiiiiil :
" t ine ixi'iiini;. whilst riilin;; in the \ i.inity ..t Kamly,
mvhoise e\ iiii'i'il Slime exeiteim nt at a noise whiili
a|iiiroaehe.l iis in the thiek iiiin,'le. ami whieli O'lisi^ii-.l
oi' a re|ietition of the ej.ii'iil.itiou 'rrniph! uriii|iii ! '
in ;i ho.ii'se ami ilissatistie.l tone. A turn in the lorest
ex|ilaineil the niysterv. hy liriie.'iiiLT ine faee to laee with
a tame e|e|ih.int. nna.i oiiilvniieil hy any atteielant ; he
was lahouriiiL.' |iainfiillv to earrv a heavy heani of timher,
wliieh he lialaiieeil aeross his tii-k-. hut the [pathway
lieiiiL; narrow he was foreeil to 1 einl hi- lieail to one
siile to [lennit it to |i;u.- eilgiwa_\s . uinl the I'Mltioll
Jn^
^;k
&T-4
i^:
nny iniiinr
]i'\< ti'iiiik.
111' ^IMIllnl.
iVnlll f.M.t
^iii;iii wiio
■izi'il liy II
I', wn-i tliiis
■1 f.ilV fl-l't
'I tiaiii|ili>
III withuut
f tl-Millilll;.
-k-;, wlicll
-so liiurll
III tlii'iii ,-1
I'l'llllMIlt
tr.itJM' lit'
Nil :
'I K iiiiilv,
>r wliirll
ri.li-.i~li'i|
i;riii|iii ! '
II' Im-rst
tiiro tt'ltll
l.iiit : 111'
t'liiiilur,
iMtllWMV
i til uiii:
I'M'iti'iii
tl
I !
1 :
i' !
I: '
T!IR ISLANDS OF TIIR INDIAN AND KASTKKN SEAS
227
uikI incoiiveniciu'i' cimiliiiied led liiiii to tittiT tlic
ilissalislii'il siiiniils wliicli ilistiirli(Ml the ('iiiii|ii)sin'o
of liiv lioi'si^ On seeiiiij us Imit, tlic i'lcpliiiiit
niii-oil lii^ liciul, ri'coiiiioitivil uh tor a moment,
ilirn lliinff down tlii' timlicr anil forced liiniselt'
liackwiirds iimonj; the Id'iisliwood, so lis to leave a
iiassau'e, of wliicli lie ex|ieeted ns to avail ourselves
.Mv lioiw still hesitated ; lheele|>hant olisiTved it, and
im|ialiiiitly thiaist himself' still (leeper into the .iinii,'le,
repe.itiiii,' ills erv of 'IJrniph ;' hut in a voice evidently
ine.int to encoui'age us to come on. Still the horse
iiTUihled, and, ausious to ohserve the instinct of the
I \\o sa,'acioiis vri'atiires, I fonhnre any interference ;
a"ain the elephant wedgeil himself further in anion;;
I lie trees, and w.iited iinpatieiitly for ns to pass him,
anil alter the horse liaddont^ so, timidly and tremlilin^fly,
I siw the wise creature stoop and take up his lie.ivy
liurtheii, trim and halance it oil his tusks, and resume
his route, lioarsel siiortiiii(, lus hefore, Iii,s di.scoiitt'lited
remonstrance,"
So couvei'saut are tlu' ii.itives with tin' structure and
'•piiints" of till! elephant, that they divide them
readilv into castes, and desciilie with particularity
their distiiicti\e excellencies and ilefects. I'!lepliaiits in
Cevloii are occisioiially spotted, hut rarely of that
moihiil ll'sli colour which has lieen honoure I liy the
name of '■ white." A white elephant is mentinui'il in
the .\lnliiiiriiii!«t as formiiiii jiart of the rcitinue altacheil
to the temple of the Tooth at Aiiarajapuora, iu the
tilth century hefore Christ ; but it commanded no
reli'jiius veneration, and like tho.se of the kiiiijs of
Siam, it was tended niendy as an (Miihlem of royalty ;
the s ivereign of Ceylon heing not iiiap[iropriately
nddressed a,s the " Lord of Klephants."
'i'he favourite resort of the Ceylon elephant is the
miiuutain top, and nut the sultry vaUey.s. In Uvah,
where the eh'\ated plains are often crisp with the
morning frost, and on I'cdro-tall i-galla, at the height of
upwards of S,()()(J feet, they are found in herds;
whilst the huiiti'r may seaM'li for them without success
iu the Jiingh's of the low country. Their sight is
limited, hut the sense of smell is acute. Tlu^ .sense of
hearing is also very dclii-atc, and they have a variety'
of iioi.ses (jr calls, hy means of which tlit^y communicate
with one another upon all emergencies. 'I'hey do not,
in Ceylon, attain a height of ahove iiiim feet, and the
ordinary herds do not 'iveiage more than eight, A
herd is a faioily, not a i,|-oup of elephants, whom acci-
dent or attachment may have induced to a.ssociate
together. The iiumhers of these herds fluctuate very
slightly, and hnnlers in pursuit of them, who may
chance to have shot one or more, always reckon with
certainty the precise mimher of those remaining. One
memlicr of a herd, generally tlu; largest and most
powerful, is hy common consent imiilicitly followed as
a leader
As the shooting of an elephant, whatever en liiranci!
and admitness the sport may disjilay in other respects,
rcipiiics tin' smallest jiossihle skill as a marksman, the
Iiumhers which are annually slain in this way may he
regarded as evidence of the multitudes ahounding iu
those parts of Ceylon to which they resort. One ollieer.
Major Uogers, who was himself ultimately killed hy
lightning, killed upwards of 120(1, and he Innight his
successive steps in the ariny, from a suhalterii to a
major, wiili the value of the ivory ohtained from these
Piiconiitei-s ; another. Captain (iidlway, has the credit
of .slayinc more than half that nuinher ; Major Skinner,
now the c<pmiiiissioner nf rnads, almost Of many,
and less persevrring a.-piriiits t'ollow at hunililcr dis-
tances.
iinlini,' this prodigiinis ilestru''lioii, a
reward of a few •shillings per head otferei
iJut llotwithst;,
occa-
- „ per liead otlireil hy the
(lovernment for taking eliphaiits was cl,iimed for
;!.."i(M) desliiiyed in ]iart of tlu^ northern provime alone,
in less th.in three years prior to 18-lS ; and lietween
L'^ol and l^"-")!), a similar reward was paid toi- :.',O0ll in
the southern province.
Although theic! is little oppoituiiity for the dis]ilay
of markmaliship iu an elephant hatlue, there is mie
feature ill the sport, as corducled in ('eyliui. which
contrasts favourahly with the slangliter I se details
clii'onicled with almost too great minuteiii -s in some
recent accounts of elephant shooting in South Africa,
The practice in (,'eylon is to aim invariahly at the hc'ad,
ami the sportsman finds his safety to consist in Imlilly
I facing tilt! animal, ndvancing to within tifle. ii paces,
I and Idilgiiig a liullet either in the temple, nr in the
! hollow over the eye, or in a well known -pot imme-
diately alii\c> the trunk, where the weaker structure of
the skull all(i;<ls an easy access to \\w lira n. The
regii ■. of the ear is also a fatal >pot, and often resorted
to the ]ilaces inentioned in the front of the head
heing only accessihle when the animal is •• charging."
(JeiieiMlly speaking, a siiig'e hall, planted in the fore
head, ends the existeme of the nohle c.eature instanta-
neously, and expert sportsmen have heeii known to
kill, right mid left, one with each haiiel ; hut occa
sionally an elephant will not fall hefore several .shot
have heeii lodged in his head.
When free in his iiatiie woods, it is to he remarked
the elephant evinces rather simplicity than sagacity,
and its intelligence seldmn exhihils ii.self in cuniiiiig.
The rich jirofnsion in which nature has sujijiliid his
food, and anticijiated his every want, has made him
iiide]iendent of those devices hy which carnivorous
animals provide for their siihsistence ; and, from the
aliseiice of all rivalry lietween himself and the other
denizens of the jilains, lie is never reijuired to resort to
artifice for self-jirotection. For these reasons, in his
trampiil harmless life, he may a|ipear to casual ohseiv ci s
to exhihit even less than ordinary ahility ; hut when
danger and I'jiprcht nsioii call for the exertion <if his
powers, those who have witnessed their disjila}' are
seld '111 inclined to undervalue his .sigacity.
An instanci! is related in which a recently captured
eleldiaiit was either rendered senseless from fear, or, as
the native attendants asserted J'ritjneil ileal/i, in order
to regain his freedom. It was led from the coiial, as
usual, lietween two tame ones, and had already pro-
ceeded far on its wav towards its destination, when
night closing in, and the torches lieiiig lighted, it hesi-
tated to go on, ami finally sunk to the ground aji-
parently lifeless. The fastenings were ordered to he
removed from the legs, iiiid when all attempts to raise
it had failed, so convinced were all that it was dead,
that the ropes were collecled and the carcase aliaii-
done<l. They had scarcely, however, taken their ile-
parture and proceeded a few yaid.s, when, to their
astonishment, the elephant ro.so vvitli the ntniost ala-
erilv and lleil towards the jungle, screaming at tlie toji
if its voice, its cries heing andih'e long afte" it had
disappeared in the the shades of the forest.
.\lost sportsmen have, with the intent of exalting
their own prowess, niisrepreseiiteil this most harmless
animal — exci'pt when a " rogue," or a female depriv ed
ALL ROUND THK WORLD.
I
of hnr ynnnff, rtr torrifiod nml irritiitcil, iiiul whldi Mr.
(inrddii (,'niiiiiiifij; liius ilcsciilicil — as \vi'('|iinn liir;;i' tciirs
fnmi llir tiirturc ititlictt'd l>_v showers nf Inillcts, tciiriiij;
li|p its llcsli Hiid ]ii'ii('triitiiij{ to its vitiilH, us " wiviij^i.',
Wiiry, mid revt'iigcful." Sir J. H. Trmmiit lias tOo-
i|iii'Mtly indicated tli ' true cliaracter of these inali^ne(l
i|uadrii]iudH. Thi'ir leiiioanoiir, lie siiys, when uiidis-
tiirl)ed, is indicative of geiitK'iiess and timidity. A
few iiri! generally browsing; listlessly on the troes and
jilatits in their reach, others tanning tlieiii.'ielves with
leaty liraiii'he.s, and a lew are asleep ; whilst the young
are jilaying among tlu^ )ierd, the emlilenis of innocence,
as the older ones are of ])eaeefuliiess and gravity.'
Thu Working Kle|)liaiitof Ceylon, which forms the snli-
jectof our illustration at ])age 224 was sketched from the
life in the mountiin district of Nuerrii-Klia, <!,IM)() feet
nliove the level of the sea, hy Count Kinaniiel Andiasy,
R Hungarian nobleman, w-ho .saw it at weak, |ilougliiiig,
imd tlnis describes it. " The sun was guiiig down and
we could i)ercoive in the |il.iiiis the natives urging on
their oxen, fatigued with the labour of the day. I
dismounted, thu better to examine the scene, and
sketched it off in my .ilbum. Clumps of earth, covercil
with gi-a.ss, were tiirncil over, and ilie animal went so
fast that tht^ woolly headeil NLalabur who guiilod him
could .scarcely hold him in. Two men were holding
the plough, and they had cpiite enough to do to keej) it
from leai)ing out of the furro v." 'I'he Count adds ii
remark worthy of more ])articular attention. " 1 am
astonished," he says, " that emigiMiits troin (icrmany
and Irelaml .should go to America and tli ■ Cape ot
(iood Hope, whilst Niicrri-Klia, with its pure atmo-
sjihere and its favoured soil, a country that would hold
the half of Ireland, presents a place for colonisation,
and so extremely fertile and so much more agri'eabhi.'
The reader will now be better able to a]>preciate the
following sparkling account of elephant shooting in
Ceylon, which we borrow from a continental source.
The nirrtit'r is a certain Count Horace, to whose
birllip ■ ]iarentage we would as willingly bear
testiiii' 1 his veracity.
"1 . ai. . 2eu three months in Ceylon," says the
< One of these elcphnnt-shootinp stories, told by n writer hi
" Kra.ser'it Miigiizini'," for December, IHCO, is of h elmrauter to
iiiiliice relleetioii in the hiiiiiiine. " After liaving tracked up the
herd ef eleiiliauts f.ir .some miles tliroui;li the forest, we heard tlie
welcome sound of a deep roar, apparently iit)out a (pinrter of a
mile distant, and hurryio); up, we found a small herd ot five, all
standinj; close tojjetlier. The largest si)eedily answered to an
njipeid fioni the bij; riHe by sinkiiij; on its knees in tbe plneid
slee]) of dcatli. A seeonil was soon jilaeed in a similar position
after a sliiirp chase, but the remainder dashed into so imprac-
ticable aelumpof thick 'wait a bit' tborw, that it was im-
]iossible to follow them ftiitber, and we tberefijro n traccil onr
steps to secure tbe tails of those we had killed. Uy the side
of both we found a very little eb'pliant ; one had only" been born
a few lionis l'iH)r little beasts ! It was pidiifnl to listen to their
prolonj-ed niarinj;. They were hideous little creatures, with
blcKHlsbot e\es, and rather a malijinant expression of ccanitenauce.
Their tnniks were quite out of pri>porti(ui to tbe'.r budies, biiuj;
not more IIkui n foot and a half in Icuifth, and taperiiift nlinost to
u ix)int W'c tied tbem up with '.jungle grass' (Han/cslniii
scandens), a tougb, stroni; creeper, and tried to lirinj; them both
into camji, but the ynnuL'est soon gave in, and, as it would have
died of starvation had we left it to it-elf, wo thought it more
inereiful to jiut an end to its existence. The other gave us no
trouble at all, bevond iKvasionallv ebarging tbe gun bearers. It
trotted briskly along, and, provided the r.ip of its tnnik was almvo
water, did not mind emssing s(une rather deep streams which lay
iMJtweeu Ui and camp, twelve miles distant. Its arrival there
created eonsidendde excitement among the servants and co.ilies,
under whose care it »oou became reconciled to its change of lilc."
r^oiint, " lodged in tlio Mansion House. I was reclining
one morning in my beil, contemplating that splendid
sea into which tlieKanges |ionrs its waters, when a
friend of mine — a nephew or pupil, 1 am not <piito
sure wiiieli, <jf Sir Robert iVel — came into my louni.
"What good wind brings you here this morning, .Sir
William /" 1 luskt^il.
" You are a s|Kirtsman ! Will you join tis to-
morrow in an elephant hunt V
"An eleplmiit hunt ! How long W(uild it last /"
■'Heven or eight days. JIavo you any arms ("
"Oh yes ; J have my rilh'."
"That won't do. Ycui must have tliree double
barrelled rille.s, or I won't answer for your life. "
•' Ihit, my dear friend, what sbidi 1 do with such an
arsenal !"
"Oh, don't trouble yourself about tlint ; the atten-
dant:: will see to your ariii.s. 1 will j)rovide what is
necessary for you,"
The sun, I must tell ycui, is awfully juinctual in
Ceylon. It always gets ii]i nt .six, and goes to bed at
six the whole year round. It conus and goes (Uit like
a thish of lightning. I was lendy and mounted wliilst
it was still dark. At Sir AViliiam's 1 toiind four or
five of the party already n.s.'^endjh d ; oibers were to
join us on tbe way. Our route lay along tbe banks of
a splendid river, wide as the Seine nt I'oiu ii. 'i he
roaii was shaded with the most varied and ningnificent
vegetation. Crossing a bridge, we were Joined liy four
more sportsmen. We were thus eleven in all, and as
each had three or fotir attendants, th(' wliole party
amounted to some tilty ]ielsens.
One attendant walkfd at the lieiul of rnch horse,
another in the rear. Tlie first was to In^ld tlie horse,
the latter to keep off the flics. 'Ili(y did not use the
fan for themselves — the natives are never liot.
Our first station was a tenijile of Iluddha — a very
holy .spot, as it contained one of tlie tiisks of the sacred
elephant. 'J'liis relic is .'<> much ii.ore jirecious, ns the
( 'eylonese elephants have no tusks. '1 he tooth of the
Siuno animal was buried tt n leagnes deeji in the ground
beneath a neighbouring eujiola, wliich exactly resem-
bled lialf an egg.
The further off wo left the town, the less pojiulati'd
was the country; at tlie same time, living things be-
came more numerous. i!\erv now and then gigantic
lizards were seen by the roadside, lifting ti]) their flat
heads or fore feet, and jnishing forth a tongue six
inclies in length. Simkeswero also seen gliding in tlie
grass.
On the same afternoon we arrived at Potsaye, where
we dined and slept, starting early next morning on tlie
road to Nuerra-F.lis. 'i he read hud now become so
narrow throiigb jilantation.s, that only one horseiiian
could jiroceed at a time, and beyond the jiliintations
wo came to jungle intcis]iei>ed with rocks. There wo
first met with monkeys. I shot one, and never did I
regret a thing more. 1 have killed two or three ad-
versaries in duels, but I never felt what I di<l in enn-
tem])lating the agony of that caricature of a man
called a monkey.
Shortly afterwards we arrived at a cofTce ])lantatinn,
in the centre of which was a haliifcition. Sir AVilliam
clapped his hand.s, and an attendant made his a])pc!U°-
ance
"Whoso house is tliis ?" iii(|uired Sir William.
"Sir Andrew'.s, " was the reply.
"Is he at home i"
I wftsri'cliniiig
[,' tlmt sj>lci](Ii(l
WlltlTM, «1|C|1 II
am not i|iiitu
iiitd my I'liiiiii.
Ills mi)iiiiiij», Sir
nil join US to-
ilil it Inst ("
ly uriiiH ("
tliri'c iloulilf-
iiir lit',.."
iu with slR'll III!
!"iit ; tlic attcii-
inivide wliiit in
ly iniiictiiiil ill
f.'(H'S t(l llfd lit
III <;iics (lilt like
IlKIIllltf (1 wliijst
(oiiiiii (liur (pr
<iil](is wire to
If.' ti;e liiiiiks of
t IlolU II. 'Jli,f
mil iiiiifiiiificcut
joined ]<y four
I ill iill, iiiiil na
le wholo ]iaity
of each liorse,
Ik'IiI tlio lior.-io,
'id not use tlio
•r liot.
iddliH — a very
s of the sacred
irceioiKs, as the
le tooth of the
in the ground
exactly i-esein-
le.ss pojiulated
injf things lie-
then gigantic
; nj) their flat
a tongue si.\
gliding in tlio
. -»
J
(it.saye, whei-o
oriiing on the
w heeonie so
one horseman
L' j)lantations
?. 1'here we
never did ]
or three ad-
I did in con-
e of a niau
' ]»lantatinii,
Sir Wiiliiim
' his apjieiu'-
lliam.
m
I! I
' I
f'l
I i
•%i^
^
n;
V
H
M
THE ISLANDS OP THE INDIAN AND EASTERN SEAS.
329
111 iiiiswcr t(i tlif iinnmiiicoiiiPTit tlint tlio liost. was
iilisiMil. Sir Williiiiii I'Diitt'titril liiiiiscif with ordering ii
repast fur lit'ty, unci we took u|> our i|iiiirtci's tlific till
the Wciliicsdny. In this way hos[)itality is luiiotiscd
in (\'ylon.
Till' lu'xt (lay we lnvakfastcd at NuciTarElia, ami
asi'cndini; amidst rock ami jinii;lt", rciudu'il Eli'|ili:int's
Plain the siinic evcniii;;. I'lilnckilv ii storm oainc on,
and we had to take rcfniit- in a waysido hut, with
iiotliiiij; lint 11 t'l'w liisciiits for snii)«'r.
This tinif Count Horai't' rcj^rcttod ho had not kopt
the nionki'v. It was youiit;, and niii^ht have liecn
tiMidi'r. .Fu|iitt'r Toiians kept walking aliotit all ni'jlit
at aliont twenty feet distance ovci their heads, and no
one j,'ot even a wink of sleep.
Next morning it was resolved to comnicneo sport
ill earnest. It was no longer a matter of ainuseineiit ;
it was a i|uestion of ahsolute necessity. The dogs
were let loose, the attendants dispersed over the jungle,
mid tlie gminers followed close upon their track.s.
Scarcely tive niinntes had elapsed ere tin dogs gave
tongue, lint without stirring from the s|iot. Whatever
it was it did not leave its lair.
I hastened to the spot where the dogs were con-
gregated, making a fearful noise.
"Take care," shouted Sir William, " It is a tiger '"
1 must acknowledge that the information nailed me
to the spot. I had often heard tigers talked alioiit,
and alwavs in the mo.st unfavouraMe maii.ur. lint I
lie.ii'il at the .same time my coiii|ianious advancing on
all sides, and cutting their way through the jungle
willi their hunting knives. I knew that I was nearest
to the animal, and I did not like lieing superseded, j
A lieavv perspiration liedewed my forehead, so I re- '
jieatcd the words of Henry IV.
" .Ml, carcase, voii trenilile ! Well, I will give you
.something to trenilile for." j
So saying, I rushed forward, and in a step or two ' pi;
stood face to face with the wild lieast. 'I'he tiger iii.idc
a movement, as if to receive me after his own titshion.
Luckily two great dogs held it liaek, one hy the throat,
the other liy the ear ; three or four luoredogs had liold
of it liehiud. Others kept harking at the distance of
a ivw ]i;n'es.
The head of the animal, ilrawn on one side liy the
dogs, still sought to turn towarils me, lus if instinct
t.ilil its owner that the greatest danger lay in that
i|iiai-tei'. The tiger's yellow eyes .shone with the
histre of carliuncles, and a furious foam liatlied its
open mouth, exposing in the rear two rows of formida-
lile looking white and sharp teeth. I began liy tixitig
the animal. I knew that .so long lis a man has the
courage to meet the I'yes, bo it of a lion, tiger or
imntlier, he inllneuces it. But let the look waver, and
he is lost.
I'he voices of my eompanioiis were getting nearer
and nearer. There was no time for hesitation,
unless I chose to be lo.st. So taking my hunting-knife
in hand, I went straight tip to the tiger, without ever
ipiitting its eye, and then with the tiampiillity which
iharacterises me when 1 have once made up my mind,
I plunged my knife up to the hilt immediately behind
the shouMi'r blade.
'i'he animal made such a violent plunge that it drew
the weapon out of my hand.
] leaped aside.
Once more the tiger made an cfl'ort to bound, but
the dogs still held it fa.st. It then rolled over, and
in a moment wa.s covered with the dogs, who. at.
this signal of its agony simultaneously rushed in on
all sides.
At this crisis Sir William came up. Lashing away
at what a]ipeared to be a |iyramid of dog's tails, lie
soon cleared a way to the tiger,
"Whose is the knife!" he exclaimed, dragging ii
forth from the wound.
" Mine," I answered.
" IJravo, for a lieginning."
" Kxctl.se the faults of the author," I ventured to
remark, as I wiped my knife with my pocket-hand
kerchief and replaced it in its scabbard.
All this was done with a simplicity which earned
for me the niialiimous praises of all present. llung"y
as we wer(>, we could not eat a tiger, so barely tive
niinntes had elapsed after its death when we were
once more in the jungle. Another five minute.^ and
the dogs gave tongue again ; but this time the noi.se
moved away rapidly.
" A .stag, gentlemen," exclaimed Sir Willi.iin, " our
dogs have found tis a breakfast, (h't ready the jacks
and the gridirons ; there will lie enough for every-
body."
Suddenly the noise ceased.
" tiood," eontimied Sir William; "the ai.imal is
run down. Ah ! they are s|ilendi(l (higs, my dear
Horace; I believe they would fetch up a hippopotamus
from the bottom of the (laiiges. Let us to the bca.st,
gentleiiien — to the game."
This time Sir William arrived tirst, ;
got up he was wiping his hnntiiig l.nil'e.
stag lay at his feet, breatliing its last.
and attendants alike shouted with joy.
truly, as he .said, enough for everybody,
ants .set to work at once, digging holes, lighting lircs,
and extemporisi'ig spits of iron wood. These weii'
ilaccd on [loles. stuck crosswise in the ground, and
two attendants turned tlieni louiid, one at each end.
.N'otwitlistanding their indillcreiice to heat, they had
to be changed every five minutes. As to the otliil, it
was put into another hole and covered with live embers,
and these ag.iin wil'li dry wood.
In less than an hour we were at work, and wine,
rice, and biscuits, made the comiiliMiient of one of the
most (h'licioiis meals I ever partook of.
Our repast (iiiished, we mounted our horses and
took the direction of ISinteuiid. Itis between liinteniid
and liadiila that most elephants are met with. At
le.ss than a mile distance from where we had lunched
the road makes a bend. At this turning our horses
began to exhibit symptoms of anxiety. As to the oiio
I rode, it got obstinate, and neither spur nor whip
tonld get it to take a step farther.
" It scents an elephant," said my liorsekeeper, taking
it by the bridle, while 1 jumju'd down, and rille in
hand, turned the corner. My keeper was in the right,
for not a hundred paces off I saw an elephant. It was
attached io a great iron roller, which it was dragging
after it in order to level the r<iad. At a little distance
there was another, with its keeper, employecl in piling
stones for a parapet. It is needless to say that although
such mistakes have occurred, roadster elephants and
mason elephants were not c.onsidi'red to be legitimate
game, so we continued our way to IJintennd.
Aifived at Hintennd we had to leave orir horses
and to cut oui' way through the jungle This was in
pursuit of elephants whose traces had been discovered
ind when we
A gigantic
Sportsmen
There wa.s.
The atteml-
I i
li
J:!
|l' '
:
•i:W ALL ROUNO TllK \Vt^KLl>.
1>\ tlic i\n(ivi>s s.iiuo liu'i ]>rr\ i.Misly 1'i-.is;ii'hs \v:\(i ' TlliMl i';\Uin'j; t.> my ;\tti'licl:)l\t'< In runic :tli'ii!; « n I,
vi'iv ki)i<>riiiiis ■ lliiMv "i'r<- Ml. Illy two li':ii;ui>s <i1' tli(- s|i,iiv nlli-i. 1 nislif I l. Lni' llic i'li|ilrinN 1 iniilil
jiilii:li" to iMit on(>'s « n tlir.iii:;h At Icuatli wo .-ivrivril. li:n o soii;jlit sliclloi- ln'liiii.l ;i li-oi-. Imt 1 ili iiiiuil lo
aliiio-.! linvilliloss. at :\ •iiii.ill. roiiiiil sp.u'o, almiil twii'c iivail iiiy-iOt' of suili n\\. :\\\A lo.ik up ui\ pi loo n\ tin'
.•i> l;irir<' .IS till- t'oni Mall 111 r.tii<, wliirli imil only lio.'ii mid. Ho ot' tlio ;iatli As t.> my nttnnlinl'^, lli.v .li.iKi;,',!
n-viitly lot'l liy tliooli'pli.iiits Kv. rytliitis; WiW ti->iii<lMi oo'iiir liko oaiiiolooiis. Krom lil.iok tins L;r.olualK
ilovvii l\v llio liiilkv woiijlit ot' ttio aiiim.ils. «lio liail iiiailo lioi-aiiu' i;ra\ ; oiilv one sii-iiicil vosoliilc
lillor oltlio trunks ottroos " Lot tlios(>\vlio at'i' tViijIitonoil uro awiv." I ■-aiil . aiiil
I'll, ri' wi'iv t».> -.i.io pitliways in tlio juiit;!"' . tlio 1 tolil tlio iiioro o.iiira;;ooiis om- to t.iko a iillo in ..a. li
III III. vopiniti'.l into two lianiU, liaii ;;.>tii' otV in (lillcioiit liaml aiul to staiul l>y iiio. Tlio otlioi'- ili'<appoaroil in
.lirooti.iiis. 1 lio iiin!;ii'
Wo st.>ppo.| vli.>it . w I- lia.l ai '■ voil. I ha.l my oy.' (iv.'.l iip.>n tlio i-.>l..-.snM's : ilnv
Sir Willi im. wIm was iii.>r.' t'oiiiii:ir witli olopliant a|ipi',ir.ii t.i mo to I'o r<\il m.i'-lo.l.'n-- W lion lli.v
liuni ins; I liati aiw lit' iH. imp n toil liis final m^^ti not ions woro not inoiv than tliiity paoos I'loni n~. I t.>..k aim
riioso liii-ootions woiv moii' partionlai ly a.l.lris^oij to at tlio y.uiii!: oiio , it w;is Irotlins:; al.ni:; L.twioii i(,<
■-.imo as iio\ i.'os in tlio art I listonoil to Iniii willi a inanimy ami its ilail
|.ills.»tioii 111 mv oai's. will, li tolil iiioNi'iv piaiiii\ that I piilloil tlio tviiisjov, ami slio just stasrixoroil as i|'
my Mooii was not in Us ..r.linary ooniiili..ii .iiuiik. ami tlioii loll liko a lioavv iiioit miss Tlu-
1 must a.'kn.iwlo.l.^o tliat 1 liail l.con tonilioil on moilii'v utloti'il a t'oart'ul oiy a ji.iront's oi \ at ..n.o
i-oiitompl ttiU!; tlio oviiloiioos ot' ilostrnolion aroniul iiu', ■;■. .o\ ons ami tliroaloniiiir, ainl tlioii stoppo.t to lil't up
ami 1 0.111I1I not liolp asking iiiysolt" why it iiiiiu- ii nion' Inv ollspiiii;;
pisrmv. w lioso t'lvit.stops i.iil\ lioiiil tlio jjinss. which llio tailiov riisliiil at moat 01100.
laisos iisolt' up .-i^aiii tthon lio has pis-oil sliouhl ooiuo W lion lio w.as w illiiii si\ ji.i.os. | plaiiii.l a I'.ill in
ami att;..k nionstoiN that . 1 .-li t .r. si, nn.lor tlioir toot his t'orohoail.
:uiil tii'ol il.nvii tri>os novoi 1.1 riso au-iin. (\>nioil awa\ li\ his imp,.tiMsit\ , h,> «,.n( ,.ii l.o\,.ti.|
Sir William li:i.I slain s- \ ..[• so\i 11 hun.ir. .1 olophants 1110 1 ha.l stippo.l on ono siilo. aiiil w lino iLiino so ha.l
lio ha.l kopi a roo.int iipi.. In.' loiii.iro.l . lii'\.>ti.l that j,'.'! iin.illnr rillo. Tho oolossns atlomptoil to itiihu
ho hi. I i;i\.ii lip I'liiinio.aiiii'.; his Mv'tmis. Ho ha.l np.'n 1 is stops, hut in iloiiis; so 'no stiimMo.l S....11 his
ui'vrr mil with hat .'a.' a.'.i lout., whon. haxiiisi liroii at himl los^s (oHowoil tho ovamplo oC his t'oro liml" ; ilion
a y.Miiii; oiii'. 1I10 moihor ha.l iiisho.l at him liol.iro ho ntloiiiiu' .1 iloop moan that lailo.I oll'iiuo a si.^h, hi' loll
. .>iil.l !j. t anoili.T nil.' t'nmi a iiinaway aliiii.l.iiit. 1111. 1 .loa.l !
ii.'i.l t,-ikon liiiii up ill its tviink, only thrown. 1; him .iw.iv \t this ory of auony, tho t'omalo. .■.l.an.l.iiiiiio; h.-r
1.1 rosist tho aooninnUti'il aiii that hail 001110 up Ho y.'uns; 0110. tnnioil lowaiils no
li.iil hoiii 1 iii.inth lai.i up, an.l «.is iij.w.tnls ot' tw.> It oionrroil to mo not l.i t.iko ail\ iiil.i._'i' of li.r
hi'toii- ho o.iiil.l tako a I'ull hroitli. liaxiiii: lior hoa.l in Ir.ml. .-is sho .■..in.- .Lwn iip..ii m.'
Woll, Sir William's instrii.-li.'iis wor.-. that wo woro I wailo.l till tho animal w.is ,>\,]\ («,> ].,..s ..if. tlnn
ii.1t (o sh...it at olophinls with lu^ks.' th. \ .iro kin^s ; .iuiii]>ins: a littlo on ono si.lo. I ].:a.o.l m\ nllo oloso I.)
ii.it at whiio oloph.mts -tho\ an- holy. Nor was it Inr oar, ami liro.l olV l'.>th haiolsat 1 ii.-.'
s.ato to sh.>..| v.niiiir oiophanls. as tho m.iihoi woul.l Half .if tho hoasl's ho nl wont in In ihosann holo ,is
. haivi' I 111' part \ .\s t.i slnLitinu; tho roi nail. .lor. tin iv tho .lisohari:o INumIoi . LalK. an.l j'.ip. r sli.m ..1 tho wa\.
was oniy onr \ uliior.il.lo |>oint. an.l that was in tho " W oil ! " 1 ov.l.innoil. "lot ovoi\ ono .1.. as ninoli :
oontiv ol tho t..rolio.iil. « horo tluro is a iloprossion in throo ilophants in f.'Ui' sliois ( ',s/i,Ji '
ihi» .skull al> 'lU tho ili iniotor of a man's hat. If fairly .Vn.l lakiuij mv s.at on tho \onno ono whi.h was
i.it. thoanimal woniil l.o killoil at oiioo ; if not. if woulil ah.'iit tho si/o of a hofso. 1 1. 10k .'Ut in_\ ti ,,/<!■ ho.i- an.l
singloouf Its assiil.iiif troiii a luimiri'il. ami oharjio him. liijhto.i a oiyar.'
Tho I'oint was. thou to aw.iit tho anini.il till if \va.s
within a fow |iaoos. thon stop hastily on on-.' siilo. aiul 111. N'lKt^vVK 1S|,\N0S
;.'ivi' it anothor hill in tlu' oar. .Vivonling to Sir
v\ illiam. this was tho most o.immoii plaoo proooo.liiio Lkvvivo (Vyhm for Madras, iho oxpo.iiiion stayo.l at
inajrinaMo. 1 inw.ir.ily n^s,,I\ o,l to .snr|>iiso my ooni tho l.itl. r pla. o fr.im tho .'Uiih ..lay ot .lann.iry. I.'^.i."^.
p.iiiMiis liy ilomc s>'mo toat that wont liiy..i'iil tho ''I' ''»' '"'1' <'•' Kohninrv, vi-iliin,' am 'in; oihor thim.'s
i.istrnoli.il'is " ''"' ^<^^''" monolith foiiiplos .-it \ .■il]..r.i ; on tho lOlh
It w.i.s timo t.i niHko up my niiiiil. f.>r tho atfomlaiits tho liipiio saih-.l f.ir tho Nik.ih.-ir isjau.ls
"ol-o slLnitiU;: out that tho olophants wii-o .'.niiina; haok Thon- :i'o fow islan.ls loss known llian llioso whioli
I., us. Soon wo hoai-il what appoaro i 1,. l.e tho .soiiml ("""iix'^'' tho so oalloil .\rilii]u>lav'ii of Nikohar. or
..f :i h.irrioaiio, an.', wo foil the oarth .piako uinloi Nu'ol.ar. s.mlh of tho Amlainau islamls. in tho |!a\ of
on r foot Hi'iivral. Hamilf.in. in his .n'oount of' tho I'', isi Inilios.
Ahout fw-onty olophants wii-o o..iui:i- a' 'iitr imo of <h's. rihoil f ho north most oliislor . .'illo.! t ho ( 'arniool'.'irs
tho tunmls: throe, a male. • foniale, ami n youns: iiio, ^Kar Nikoharl. as l..w. ami hy ilioir M.imly f.i tho
wparatoil a lifll,' fr. 11. ih. rost, 1 .shoutoa"oiit to Sir Amkimans w ho an- ihoir g^.a! ononiio.s as hut thinly
William in Eiit'ish. " 1 leave fho tro.>p to yini and y.nir
trioiids. All 1 ask is. that 1 shall have those fliroi ."
inhahifi'd. Tho iiiiildlo oluslor are fine oh.impan.'
gronn.l. and all Inil one well inh.iliitod. Tlioy aio
oallod. he says, tho Somorora Islands, liooanso on the
south Olid of tho l.-ifLrest island is a hill thai rosomhlo-
1 Sir .Uni.f Vii..T«.in Tennsm sios. "N,.! .w.'l.'i.i.Knt in r ,)„, ,.,p of all umlinlla or sonii'r<'ra. (somhron. a hat,
hiiii.insi is fund «ilh tiisk? in r«vl.>i.. nmi tlie low 1 ai n.i«s,.ss ,. , . , 1 , , ., . , . ,1
., 1 1 I V .'. „r 1 „. ,. , 1. ,. ,1. or s..nil.rerer:t. a li;i' oasi' ) .MkhiI six loaL'iies to the
tn.'iii iiri pirluiiiveN iin.i.-s. >isr.\ nl.. Ii.'Xivit. li:.vr Ui.si' 1 • • 1 1 1 1 ■!> o
sr'i.itiil )irni>«i«.s,. i.'hi.'li nn- mll.'.i -'1,.*^., nls.ut tc-u or l»iUi' soul li w .ird of S.nmrora Isl.m.l lies I allain,' j.aiii,' ('! illanj-
nit'iii> 111 lriii.-tli. ttiiil one or two iii tliHiui'lvr. hoi.ui. tho nninlialiilod isl in. I. w In re oii« (.'aplain Owon
\u hull' :ls
till' w;l\.
as imu'li ;
TIIK ISLANDS OF TIIK INDIAN AND KASTIIJIN SKA8. 2.11
.<* liiM ship, in All 1 idS. 1. lit till' iiH'M wiTi' nil siivi'il, j sii'iil (iirls h,\,\ 1 ,| |irn\iiii:i( iv.lv rliiiiiii,iti..l, niiil
111 limliiiK >>" iiiliiiliitfiiils, (lii'v timilc tiri'w in I lie ^ iitnoii',' llhs.. wimv, iIimI N,lllKiMll•l^lll.l KMii..ilii iiiv
^li(. iiMil till" ni'Xl (liiy llicn- rniiic live iic six rmini'H i si'|i,iimIi'i| liy ii Kliiiii, imIIimI S(. ( ir.iri,'i''s, wliifli tiiniiM
Iriiiii NiMi; .iMil <ioiii\ (tiiiri), (wr
line isl:inilH t.liiil lie i uni' mI'iIk. snli'sl. li:ii-li(
ulimil lour h".\'i
Ill's ti> ll
H' \Vl"s( W;llll III till' lll'SI'lt islllllll, ' 111 m11
ill liiiliii, mill
III Wlllrll sIllIlM
si/i's liny l-iili- Willi till- ir|-,M|(,,.<(, siTinilv slirl-
ll VI'IV
rli'iiilsly I'iirnril (ln' R)ii|iwl'i'rlM'il liii'li (n 1 ti'ii'il IVulii nil wimls. 'I'lir isLiiuls
s \vii(> nlso kiiiiwii ti
ilii'ir isl.iiiils, widi wliil lillli' lliiiit;s tliry ImiI savcil nl' In- liilly, anil snim. nl Hii' liills In allain n I'linsulriiililr
tlii'ii- a|i|)a
111 ami mil
IT iii'i'i'ssarii's.
! I'll
■I'lh
I'
11' raiilaill
liail savi'il a lii'iKiii kiiili> mImxiI I'liiir i also Kiihwii <i
anil siili's III ll
lulls wi'ii)
1 111' ruvi'li'ij Willi I'
inrlii's Imiu; in
till' Mail.'
Ill 111' liavini; lai.l it
I anil tlial,
iliiisi'h, dial
"'i.a ami ar.'ra iialnis,
lal I' was sanl tl
slllilii
li'sslv liv, mil' "I' till" n itiv.'s maili' Imlil (n (akr it, liiil. j cniilil imt pi'iii'l lalr tliiniiiili tlicir |iilia;,>i' ; a'M tn whirl
■ !iil nut iilli'r ti> liiili' it. 'I'lii' caiilain. si'riiiir liis knili' tl
ii'si' aic iils.i III
III
I,
ly ml. rwiix in willi
ipi'.ir s|iiiii liiyi'lliiT,
ilii'iiltl
(111' piinr native's liaml. tiiok it. Ii an liiiii. ami li.' j rattans ami liiisli I'lpi', that tln-v ai
..IcivM'il s.iiiio kii'ksaml liliuvsnn hi in 'nr his ill nianni'i's. ami ri'mli'i'th.'se wnmlsilai k, i in pel' vial
wliii ll was very ill taken, I'nr all in f;.'ii.'ial slmweil 'I'll.' Iriiit ami le.iM'-i. falling iIdwii, ml li.'lmv, ami
llii'V were ilissalislii'il with this iietinn ; ami the .ship trilait.' to I'.'inlir llies.' wmiils alisnliitelv pestilential I
wreiki'il men enii
hi III
i\ eenlitcntiiinsarisinir lietwe.'ti an iMirnp.'an eiiii^t itiitmi
tlniii wliii hail liefi'iemh'il them in lirinu'iiiK tln'iii to Only ii ti'W trails almii,' tin
their isl.iml. ami nlliers wlin w('ri> mil .'nin'ei neil in it. ' the soil is s.iiil In he v.'iv li'il
le eiiast aie eiilt i\ ateil, M'J,
111- ami
lih
ajLilile I
III
'M'l'. next .lav, as the captain was siHiiij,' iimler a
ll
ill till
iiri.
le li'iiils Mini vei;i'talili's iil' iiileit
I iliiiner. there e.inie ahiiiil a ihizeii nl natives In eniiiit rii's. The islamla alreaily .iliniiml in pui
riipii
.K hii
I, ami saliileil him on everv siile with a slnnver li inaiias, limes, I
taniannils, lielel niils
ll ll
>t ilarls ma
lie III
heavy
liar.l
Wl
h inleiieil in the lire, ami sn he ovpir.-i
lliiw tar ihi'V hail a iniml In iinrs.ii' lli
mil, with (heir pnilils a speeii's of lin
III a iniiMient.. ' apple ^r.iw, like the eneua, wilil m ihi' w
iiiil.
■I'l
le main
Is. a'l
it kiiKwii, as their
tl
lielielael
nil's. II' their resenlm.'iit
the rest, anil
Ills RaM'll
llii'ii
pi '^iia III over I hem till next I lav, w lien I hey |
ireseii
ti'<l
lis.
itli two e nines, ami piiltiiej; ill th.'in snine water
1 iliv tish, (li.'v intiniad'il In
their Iriiits are ileserilieil hy ( 'nleiiii.iike as ileli.'idiis.
'I'lie wiinils are iiNn .--aiil In iiintaiii nnirli limlier, ail-
niiralilv snileil I'm' Iniililinn
.1
la mils, an
llii'iii lli.'lt (hex were tn ifn, wliieli niiler iliey were lint \
■ll
,.lv
\ mi;.
Iti
' M. Ill' 1.1 li
vil'pill luir^t ill llli' tl
'liillli'l.' I liil« ili"*irili.'M .11 1' llii'.<i. I i'ii{iI.'mI r..l'1'sl.i :
111'' Sixteen in I'miiiianv, lliev
'pir-i, ll' ll i's|
IV illili'iiiil Ir.i II' Kiinijii'iiii I'.i
■I I'lllllV 111
Mil' I'l.ilii
.iivi.liil eiinallv, ami sleeve.l their emirse fnr .Im v I'msi'il im' trein ni.v Miiililiili.nii, iiml I liilulil In lure mi' i
Inaii. iSaiiihilniiu*. hill nil llie way mie nl" the linat '
ilrnwii.'il, 111.' nthei' Imat'
her er.'w w.'f.
I'l'i'w nlliiiia
N
leU rearlieil Malelinlipat
iiii'.iinl (niiirv a
I'l'ilesei ihi'il livthi' sameaiilhmil V as
'iiiy I wn line siniinl h islamls. well inhaliileil. ami pleiil i
h
lulK liiviiishi'.l « 111
itl (.'ipialir |ii'.i. 111. 'li. Ills. I 111
■ilii
III' lliii-l' iifjl 1.11 Tl lit
:ll lllr 1
\vil.i llli' iiMiiii |).4.' Ii,tl,ih\ nil
I'vlniiinliiiniy liu' Ini'. t.iiiinl in llir ';.iiiilin' nnil iiiNslei imiH li.ri".!
lis .'n.'iiiKiiis Irrr,
111 llli' rliiii|i|iini"!. I ..1 1 ktill 111 iiilniiie ll
vliu'li s|iriiii.-> Iniiii a I iTsinililiii^ lli.it nf ll.e .iriiiiiniv li,,-
its Wl
i'^ >\ lull' III
Nil I
lirr, n li.i li,m I".
Ill M li'W yi'ill'H il 111 III
I'M lylliai^', « li.i ^iill
IV, hilt, tl
lere aie n.
ll
hnrse
11 IsnC irniiil |i>li, 1
mi's, aiii
I V.'llliu' \: nil 1.1 ll'ini' iu M.,,,1 ||||,.M lU liiislii , 1 V III,. H,iv-i.|,.. ll
' .1... .: ..; I ..'...I ....I . .:. .. I |. . . .' , , ■ . ', .
s. enws sh.'i'li,
p, nr U'li
ill lii-il iiiiiv '.::il liir It nil. I I'linn it
lli''>l, Illli lli-|>lMM'll I
m'liliis 111 rnirin:
wihl heasis oraiiv suit lint iiiniiki'>.s. Thi' natives l.niiiilii's nl' tlii-iti
till' li- ll
llli' riiiii
11"
'I'll!
li.ivi' 11. 'idler riie iinr pulse, hiil the k.'rnel nl in
ti'iitiK, mill tlii'ii, t'liniiiii.; 11 ri^liI mi^I
111 r.illy sjiiiii:,' mil li.n i/..n',ilK Innii ils
mils, yams, ami pmatni'i
iilis(i(ii(.' (Ill
iilrr;iilv ini'iiliiiiii'il, the irre is
liv. Ilul,
'I'll.
iliisler.
it Snnierera were ileserili.'.l as heii
iir .'mir-
W lll'll till' III
ll'.llli ll is Hl'llls llll'l'l', W
vli.
1', rise |ii I'l'i mil. II ;,)lv
■■jiiiiiL'y anil simiis i n.-ily, niiil
iinereial, while thnsc nt' (he sniitheni j ,i;,i
iliililv 111 I llli ll' II liln
' ll t. .I'lii'
lliii'll III.' Imlil
till llll^ll', il Willi
iilil
,ill ,//,
.,, ,,/
nil issii,. Ir.i.ii 1 1,.. |T|.|., tiike 111..I in ilii. rnrtli, nml ini ri'iisiii
iliii'h the e.mntry is iiime nimnitaimais, siniiiliiiiii.iiHlv wi h tin' luiiiiili. s, iiir..ii| tin. i.
-111 I I.
nneivil am
i surly, iiml I.'sm .\i-nnml llm lii'.' Ilin'.. nU.i I'Mmiil. nl „ y,.,.„t |„.,^i,, (
1 liviln; |,l.i|i.
iiiiiiealiv.' (iiaii llins.' tn the nnrthwaril.
Till' Niknhar Islamls have hi
le.'ii il.'serilH'il in s^ivi- 1 ,1,,, m,
<lat
till
(jrminil, iiiiliinil sii|iii.i|.is, wliicli iniivn-^i' 1.1 lin. miilill.. .,1 t|i,.
Iniiili, Kvi'i'ylliiii|r lias Ihtii Innsi'i'ii liy Hie liiint Anliilnl nl
•I'll.
IH'l'l 111' till' hiiHl, is illili'ili'l'iluilily |.i
ali.nil. I'll"
die larijesl is Samlnlmi
ks nt" intli'h I il.'r ilat.- as .■mislstini; nl liiri's.|ni.. Witliin tin' sp sn Iiinnliiil y;\
si. mils nt' innilerate si/e. ailliilli;st wllii'h wliirli llii'si'yii;Miilii' li^ tri.|.siii'i'ii|iy, mii' limls •.•rntl
ill
ail the I wn mnsi visi
t.'.l le
I',
iirniieiiis are ea
lleil Kar Niknhar ami Naiikaiiri, hi
a miiltilm
it' very siii.'\l
as M't, widinnt,
rill, Its
I'Slllllll.S,
nils lliiimil liy III,.
Ill vi'-it;itiiin is iiii.i'i' v.ilii'il mill exi ni.lililim u
is iiii| mi ii.i'li 111
ii|iiii'liiii'iils, .. 11.11 liii'iii-lii'il with iiiiliii'iil
spi
Till' Iri'i' I'li'iUlrlitly ^;l'iius iijkiIi nlii'ie tltrn
oil'.; l'...its |.ll'ili;i;|i'
, wiiiil rmiiii
I il^
ii-liH,
ili^liiii't iippellatimi, that is tn say, w linse 11,'iiiies were iiml plniij;.. into llie iiili.ni.iii sliiiim. I'lns iimsli rpiiie nt nmii
.1. k
Till
\e iKviiiialimi ol the moil was san
1 tl
1 very I'liiiiiiinii ill till' IMiilippini' I'mi'sN
s( eliiedy in Imihliiij; ami r.'pairiii"]; (heir huts
'I'lu' llilllllll
nl' llli
t'laiiiiiuiri'iiiis Irilie, ^'iinvs ill lliii'k lulls
(prnhalily heeiuise some liail heen si'eii so oieiipiein, ij.,,,,,, „,||
ill till' wiHiiis, nil till' liiiil,s III till' I'ivi'i', mill wliei'.'v.T il liinls
li>liiii!» ami trailiii'.; to (he neielihmirinj; islamls. \\„,\
III till' I'liilippiiii'H lliiy ri'i'knii twi'iily-tii
I'
^, very ilisliiirt in Inriii anil "i/.e. Tin
11' are sniiie
nr lllil'l)
111 till
iiii"> wer.' (I.'senlieil a.s ciiokilli; ilinl eiiltivaliiiL; .1 nni'lir nt' n inmi's Imily ; Ilie Inillnvv nl uliieli is veiv Imp'.
111.' u'
I'nllll
1. Till
slim
tUiecHainl V .'xist.'.l with rei'.inl ""* '*""' '* "'*'''' pariiiuliirly Inf tlie rniislnii'ii.in nt' inliiiis, nml
In the relieinn nt' til.' iialivos as with r.'jjanl tn (lieii
inh.'iliilants ih
ll III I'
neiiip.'itimis, sniiie ass.'rtmg tli.it ll
linl Inlliiw ,'iny of the systems of reli
the neiL'hhnnrin'j; enntinent; odiei-s. dial they are aiiitenvi'ti'il willi
I'lswlii'viiii 111 t'l'li'li anil ki'ip "nlrr. I lie lilirisini'iiiaili' mln
li.iski'ts, liiils, iiiiil all iiiiiiiiii'r 111' things Inr uliirli w iekiT-unrk is
lirnp.' ; ll'nlii M Iiii'h iiiealsn 111 .ill' r-i] I's anil ralil.'s .it'trri'iit
11 prev.'llellt 111 -li'|.|ii;|li. All.itli.'l' liaiillinii, nr sinaliir iliiii.li
nis.i liiilli
alll'al '
lisli. iitiii..^l lis liarii ii.s>tri'l.
MllllilV
M
ilavs. with a r.vsi.l'ie nf an ahmiiiinai .'\ns
(,.j, like llli' lar^.T nni', I'm' till' liiiililiiij; III lints; nil to a jiiint
lasi.'iii lull
Niknl,
piipul.'ll Inn (
ir.
Iwelliii!,'
th
interinr nt' (Jretit
,\iniilst .'ill dii'so oniilln'lin'T sfatemonts, rortiiiii Jiliy-
'ilj:i', il is iisi'il liy till' IiiilimiH lor liiiii'
tliiiil Kiiiil, iiuu'li 111. ire s"lnl. nml nt' Hie liiiek
VH, nml lli'iiim'H. A
tit'ss nt" a in.:i
' parlii'ul.irly iiseil I'nr llnisi' parN nt'llie enhi
I s nriii, a.
(jreat soliilily, siidi as tin
iVllii ll I
Till' Iniirtli hint, Kiiiitl.i
I
232
ALL ROUrD THE WORLD.
i
It
iSfe ]\ 240.) Ill siicli ii pduiitrv siiiikcs iiiul ulliijiitDrs,
IIS iiiii;lit niiUindly lio cxpcrli'il, urc numerous. 'J'lio sea
alsii aliiMiiiils wil.li i'Xi|iiisiti' tisli, slidl-tisli, iiiid turtle.
Tlio iiiiiiilicr Miiil v:irirty (if .slidl (isli is Siiiil to lie so
•jrciit, tli.it tlic most lii'iiutil'ul coiiclioloiiical oollcrtioiis
iiiiL,'lit lie umdo with very little troulile. .\mlier!j;ri»
mill tlio eililile liinl's-iiest are cdiihiioii, ami the ( 'liiiiese
ami .Malays visit the islamls to proi'iirc them
The iiilialiitaiits are of a oopipir eolour, with small
eyes, flat noses, ho'.'e mouths, thick lijis, and teeth
without any hollow, is iisiil for railiiiirs iiml ]ialisiuloa roiiml cnlti-
viitoil IuikU. ThootliiT lomls are ni.ule Ics.-; list- of; li'it, iit'ViTtlieli'SS,
tliey arc turned to ai'i'omit. 'I'n jircsi'rvo tlio jilaiit ami ri'mliT it
aiiiiiiuliy jiroiliictivi', the slimits arc I'lit oil at a licif^Iit of
iiliovo ti'ii fuel Irian the ^'roiiiiil. In tliat state, they look
like a group of orj^aii Jiipes, ami are siiriomulod with liraiiehes
mill thorns. At the heirinnini; of the niiny season, there
rise out of each of these ehisters, like gipuitie as]iiirii>,Mi.s,
iiiiii as if hy I'liehaiiliiieiit, a (|iiaiitity of liii; liainhoos. In a
niontli they are li-oiii lil'ty to sixty (eet lii^li ; and in a eertaiii
lime al'terwards liny lia\'e ;ie<)nired siillieient stiidity to he used
for the varioiK |iiir|«ises I'ur wlaeh they are apiilieahle. The eocoa-
tree, tif tiii^ i>;ihii liiiiiiiy, jjrows tor seven years hefore it yields
(riiit. Tlio.se si'Veii years elapsed, it yiel.is, for upwards of a
eeiitnry, tlio same iiiivaryiiij; erop- '"■imely, a seoie of hit; uiili
every month. Never does this crop faii ; and one eonstantly sees,
iipcii tlie s:inie tree, hlossoms and fruit ot every size. The eoeoa-
niit is, as well k:'owii, excellent iionrislinieiit : a u'reat quantity of
oil is also alls! r.ie d fiv'in it. The shell is made into eiips ; the
lihroiis envelope in.i; eonts and caliles for .^liiits, and even into a
eoarse material tiir elcilhinsr. The leaves are used to thatch caliins.
and tor haskcjs ami In nts. Kroni ihoeocoa there isal.^o oxtracud
the ilriiik ealled eocua u aie. It is a most iiitoxieatinj liipiid,
ai.d is used hy the IndiMiis at their fea.sls. To ohtaiii ths «iiie
whole tiirests cif eoeoa trees are ilooined to yield sap instea<l of
fruit. l>y imans ot lon^: hamhoos, a eonimiiiiication is est:i-
hlished Itelwi'cn the suniniits of the trees. These hanihoos
servo as paths to the Indians, who every uKM'niii::, heiirini: larire'
j:irs, •JO to t^athir in the htpior. T'his is a dillienii and diiiiireiMiis
ui-atiiui- all aerial ]iniiiicuade at sixty or ei^'hty h'ot from the
'..■round. The ,jifee from wliieh the spirit is iiiaiiii:iiclmed is
olitained fnnn the laid, which, if left to i'.si'lt', woiilil hecoaic a
Mo^soni. -As soim as one of these huds is ahoiil to liiiist, ;iii Indian
lies a slrinir tijhlly round it at a short distanee troni its
I'Xtremily ; then he cuts oil' idl that part of tlii' hiid that iirojeels
from the ii;.'atiire; from this eiittiiiir, or Iroin the pia'os wliieh it
discloses, there eontinmilly fliws a sweet liipiid, pha.sant to the
ta.stc so lontr aa it has not fenneiited. When it passes into a
fenneiitatii'n, it is taken to the distillery to he converted into a
-pirituoiis licpior, known in that country lis cocoa wine." Finiiliy,
tlie shell of the nnt, linriit, \iehls a tine likicli colonriin.' matti'r,
which the Indians Use to <lic straw hats. The h.inaiiti is a hcrha-
ccous jilant, uillnait any li^n.'oiis ipialily. The stem ot ciich
plant is firmed of leaves placed one over the other. Tlii-^
stem ri.ses usually to a hci.:ht of twelve or til'teeii (cot fr
the Lrroniid, leui then spreads cmt into hroad leaves, not less
ihau five .-r six fiet loiiir. It is from the niid^t of tlase
haves that the tlower sprin(»5, and is followed hv what is
called u r<';iiiiir, hy whiih word is to he nndi'istood a hnudred
larire hananas -roainj on one sialk, f >rniinEr a Ion;; duster, which
heiids towards the carl h. liefore ihe iVnil has reached nialnrilv
the ri';iiiiie ]- cut, and Ihe hananas are n^cd tiir food accordin^-lv
as they ripen. The ]iart of the ]ilaiit which is in the Lrround is a
sort of L'l'i-at stump, whence rise, in succession, ahoiit thirty shoots.
Kiich shoot must furnish hut one ohister; then it is cut 'near the
LTouiid; and as the shoots which grow from the same root have
dillcri'iit aL'c-. tiicy are found in all sta^'es of iViii'lilieilion, .so that
1 very iiionlh or t'ortiiii;ht, iii,d in .ill s.msohs, u cluster or two may
h.' L'.iih.rcil ironi the s,nie plant. It is also iVom ii Kind of haiiaiiii,
hut whose Crnit is not cdihle, that is oht;iineil tlie ve(;clahle silk,
or iihric'i, used for the maiiiiliu lure of clot hi lu' matiTial, and
eordap'. 'J his tilainent is t'oiiml in the trnuk ot the plant, which,
■IS I liiive already mentioned, is formcil of leaves ^rrowim; one over
Ihe other. 'J hesc .ire divided into loo;; stripes, and placeil for a
fi'w hours ill the sun, then they are pulled sharply ovi- a dull iron
Mailc; til.' parenchyma, or thsliy Jiart of the leaf is .etiiined hy
the hladc, ;ind the tihrc separates from it; then comes another
lirief e\]iosiire to the sun, and the goods are ready for the
»iarket.
lilaek fioiii ehewinj; lietel. They iire \vell-])roportione(t,
rather short than tall, with hiiiieeMts. They hiivo
.strong lihick hair, tlio men have little oi' no
heard, and shave their eyehrows, Imt iiever eiit
their nails. The hinder part of the head is eom-
jire.ssed at liirtli. The mens clothiiii; is a hit of slrinc;
round their middle, and ahoiit a foot and a halt of
elotli six inches broad tiieked liefore and heliiml within
that !,'irth. The women have apetticoat from the navel
to the knee, and their hair elo.se shaved, liiit the nun
have the hair left on the njijier ]iart of the head, ami
below the erowii, but cut so short that it hardly comes
to the ears. They erect their houses aloiii; the shore
tipoi |iile.s, to the heijiht of .six or eioht feet iilio\e the
•,'rouiid, and sometimes so near to the niai'gin of the
water as to admit the tide to (low under them.
'i'lie Uaiies twice liiiinded estalilishiiieiits on these
islands in 1(178 and in 17o'l, but were .said to have
abtimloned them, owiiii; to the uiiliealthiiiess of the
climate. iSo also the Moravians, a body of ( 'hristians
exemplary for zeal and perseverance, and the l,utlieians,
established missions there ; but aecordini; to some, as
they did not succeed in tlii' conversion of the nati\es,
they returned to 'J'raiKpiebar ; accordinc; to (■tliers,
missionary after missionary falling a victim to the
climate, they, after enduring many jirivations, relin-
ipiislied the uiilertaking.
The Atistiiau e.x]ieditii in the Nci'dra made ,i
careful exploration of these intefestiiig islands,
which lasted upwards of a month. The frigate
anchored olf the most northerly island of Kiir-Nihobar
on the L'.'hd of February, I S.'iS. A |iarly laiidcil and
aihaiiccd into the interior. They were soon liiih d by
a btitttilioii, as they describe it, of iiliout lil'ty natives,
who came forth to meet them, aniied with lot _' cut-
his.ses wilh'iiit handles, javelins, and stout sticks.
"(iood friends/ good friends ( '' they exclaimed, ii[iun
encountering their visitors.
Being assured as to the pacific intentions of the
hitter, the chiefs, who cillcd tlicmselves ea]itains. and
decoiated themselves with Kuropean names, as (',i|itain
Nelson, Captain liyron, Captain Wellington. I >oetor
t'risp, and others, handed over their arms to tlier fol-
lowers, and held forth their oily and dii'iy hand.s, tho
urasp of which it was not deemed jiolilic to refuse.
Iviili of them then jiroduced a ecrtilicate delivered to
him by dillcrent captains of mi'rchant sliijis, testifying
to his loyalty in the matter of dealing in cocoa nuts.
Several of tlii'se cerlilicates contained also iisctiil
advice to new comers, such as " If you wish to remain
friends with the s.ivagcs, neither steal their jiigs nor
their wi\es "
The generality of these certificates bore the jirice
current of cocoa-nuts in Kuropean maiiufaet\ires.
Thus, one sword-blade obtained .'i(M) nuts, as much as a
.sack of rice; a soup-spoon, l.'iO, and a kerchii'f, 1(10.
Every rag had its price, liiead, tools, pe]iper. and
various driios — among others, castor oil, camphor and
salts — are in groat demnnd, but not so iiiiich so as
clothes and felt hats. Not tin old coat in rags vliat
is not boiio|it up with euthiisi.ism, and the most worn-
out old wide-awake will obt.iin I'.odd nuts, as iiukIi as
a double barrelled gun, a barrel ol riini, or a jiiece of
calii'o twenty yards in length, and which they use to
bury their dead. Assiu-edly any speculator who would
send a cargo of felt hats to Niko"iar would realise
large ])rofits. It is ?iii]ipiised th.it. seeing mo.st of liie
captains of luerchanttnen proviiled with hats of ihis
I ' !
**^!SS5S
THE ISLANDS OF THE INDIAN AND EASTERN SEAS.
IIUBiOR OF A HUT IN THE I8UN0 OF KAR-NIKBBAR,
(li'siM-iption, till- islandoi-s iinactiiiPil that such wore tlic
marks ol tlicir rank, as a crown is tliat of nnalty, and
tliat till' wide awake made the captain.
A certain ('a[itaiii l>ixoii presented a certilicati'. i)f
which lie was nut a little prmid. It rociirdcd tliat,
ncitwithstaniliiii,' liis dirty a|ipearanee, Captain Dixcm
was a iiiiin to ho trusted, llu was, however, a very
line man, as naked as the hand ; liis complexion
lironzcd, his hair shining, loin,', and tloatini,', and held
hy a diadem of hark Amongst his companions, one
wore a simple shirt, tht^ other a hloiise, another a |>;iir
of well worn hoots, and here and there a |)air of
trousers were to lie .seen All put together, however,
th(?v could harely lia\e siipplii'd one complete dress.
]\Iaiiv of tliesi' insul.irs only wore the narrow waist-
h.ind which I'ell down ill a cpieiie. 'I'lieir general
a]ipi'aiance would not have hecii di.spleasing, had it
nni lu'eii for their gre.it open mouths, and their black
.iiiil carious teeth. ."^oinelimes teeth and gums had
alike di.sippeared, to give jil ice to a diseased shape-
less mass hetwecii a Jiair of swidlen and inllaiiied lips.
They have, licsides, the had lialiit of lengthening thi'ir
ears hv horiiig holes in Iheiii, into which they insert
choir pi["'s, cigars, and other ohjects, or even hits of
■vooi! decorated with piices of copper or silver; one,
III whom a small hotlle had heeii presented, at once
allixeil it to his ear as an ornaineiit
('.ipl.iin I)ixoii anil his friends were invited on
lioard the i\orii)a, and assured that no harm would
' he done to them, and that they were tri od friends.
"Not only friends.'' cxcl.iinied the captain. " imt onlv
good frie'ids, lint L.'oiid Imilhers - t-itlur, ninther — all
lirethreii ! " an exphi.-iiin of fiatcniity which the nar-
rator says alisnhitely stniiiicl him. ei>iiii'iir from this
]ioor oily and Uiiked sa\a;,'e. It is tnir ih.it the
captain did not forget to impiire it', lieiie,' mi lnLinl.
he shoii',.! he treated to t'cod. dr'nk, and toliacco.
Kverything on board e.vcited their admiration, lull
nothing more .so than the liig guns t'rom .Marienzdl.
'•our holy place of grace am', piluiima;,'!'.'" W hen
these simple savages were i|Ue.-.tioned as to what
]iiiiiisliments they inllicted upon e\ il-docrs, tlay at
once answeri'd. " We are not wicked, we .ire all
good. Jhit they are very wicked people in \oar
country, or why should yon want thoM' gicit gun.-- ("
Adniiralile |ihilosophy in a socallcil saxagc.
Apart from the rcvages which ihe ahii>e of Ketrl
causes ill their moiith.s, the inh.iliit.ints of Nikohar ar
well-made and healthy. There were iinl\ \\\i> p.ilho
logical cases met with among them ; one of a ni.in
with a jiaralysed arm, the other of a little man. fat
and short, with imperfectly developed tiii^'cis. which
li.id earned to him the nii'k-name Kinla-Kunti. Winn
the natives were asked who look care of poor Kinla-
Kunti, " I do! we do I all of us do !" exclaiined ( 'a[i-
I tain ('h.irlev, with an ex|iression of surprise at such a
ipiestion heiui; asked. ('a]itaiii Ch.irley was :i little
I thill man, whose wiiole dress consi.sleil of a caji.
■i.U
AI-L ROUND illK \Vl)KLl).
Is
':
: I 1
I i
ii I
ft If
! ■
It ii|i|).';irs l)i.it (1 Nik"liaiiaiis lirivc im'scrvcii t'c'sti\.il in llic iliv scnson, liy n prod-jqiio fni-c. Wild
nil ill li'i'liii;; tiiw.inis tin' h.iiH.s "Tin' Maiii's iiit" lioiiis ;irc Id Ihum' in ini riu Ihm il .-|':n r. llic Vi'iini; iinii
li;iil |iiii|ili' '" llii-y i'\rl.iinii-.l. llicir rvrs lii;litin!,' up, ailnril with Kliiks iiml javrlins ni-.li (o tlic iissaiill.
" Tlii'V w isliril to takf our islainl .' ll" wi- wi'^liiil to tiiki' « illi loiiil slioiits and in llii' |nr.-i'nir i>l' tliiir liiir ihk s
_vi>iir i^l.iiiil. «<• slioiiM li<< wii-kiMl |iro|ilcr' Anotlicr tlu'ii- ii\iils, iiml llii- iissrnililrd |)fii|ilc ; tlicy )iit ice :iii((
l>it oC |>liiloso|iliy unknown in tin- old world. Iiit tlic lio:;<, wliiili dclriid iIm'iii.m'Imh ol'liii xny viyor
'rill' .ViiNiiiaiiH wiTi" inviti'.! liv «'M|it:iiii .lolin to , oiislv, iiillnliii,;; mori' tliaii oni' wound, Imt wlii' li, iil'lrr
visit his d.Miii.ilt'. r;iis«'<l npoiiad /<-ii |iil<'siiiid covcri'd iin ini'vitiilili' sli iii;.i;l<', jiri' killnl, loa tnl, nii'l ciirii
with jialni havt's. 'I'Ih- .-ji'iit was liv a l;idili'r of I'lioii (hi' o<'riisi<in of thi' trsiiv.d of tin' ilrad, (In'
liiiiiilioos. Till' hut wa.-* ni'.irly i'iii|ilv; two or thri'i' Nikoliat'ians cxhuini" tin' hodir.Hot tlnir ii'l.itivrs anil
lioxi's wi'l'i' to lio si'i'ii in :i i-oriir|- wliirh colitainrd all (Virlids, w liirh li.ivi' lirrii a Mar uinlrr ^rouiiil, rally
till' <a]>taiii's riihi's. Tln'ii' w.'iv als<i a Crw javi'lin.H lluiii inio a lull, and u' 'In r loiinil llirin yioanin;.' ;iiid
haiiiiiii:; on tin' walls and <'i'iiiii'_'. :iiii| a hn'ki'ii down I wci|iiii^' .\ li^lilrd i i^'ar i.s plarrd in iho iiioiilli o''
iliair |o olVrr to his visitors. .\s to tlii> i'.i|ilain liiiii , r^ali ski li'lon, |iiiliiiiim no di'iilil llir linniin luralli.
sell', 111' took his si'.it on a plank .itlarlii'd hy ropes to Tin' skulls arc at'li'rwards liiiiii'd in tin' iiiin liiy, or
till' roof, and wlnairi' lu' uiMv.lv swun; hiin-rll' to ;iinl Kiiiakcip i, Imtlln' liolirs an' . ast away in thr I'oirst.
fro, ih'i'ply iinlaii'd with a s<'iisc o|' his own polilii'al j or into tin' si'a. A I'l'W coroa nut (ins arr cut do« n
inipoi'taiicc. lit the .same tiiiic, w lii< h arc tliio»n away with (he
A roast pij; had 1 n )iiirelia^'d I'or the sum ot' two | liodics, and cocoa lints arc put in ]ilacc.s where (Iny
tlorins from tiie tat l>.Ntor Crisp, Init none of the ! arc likely to j;ivc liji lli to new tr<
women or the childi-iii .'ip|H-arii| to yiacc the repast
" They arc tied to the toiesi." they Nii.l, in reply to
impiirii s mad.' as to tjieir al'M-nec. " W'e do not know
" Inie, and as Ion;; a.< you n'lnaiii (hey will continue
liiddi 11 there, e\ . n if they have (.> die ol hunger."
These po.ir p4ople. tiiielit liv s.id experience, were
iisiiij; pric.iiitioiis against , • e\|M'ditio,,ists. "In (he
lel.itioiis of Kiii'i'peaii^ with s;ivaje<." .s;ivs till' nanalor,
■• it is seldom that the latter an' in the w long."
It III ly he allirmcd t i it tlil' Nikoh.ii laiis h.ive a
naliir.il seiitiiiicnt of morality and jiistiie. wliuli is
highly de\clo|H'd in their character; tliev are hos
pilal'le. kiinl. ami ap|H'ir to Ih- initlier envious nor
Jcaloii.s. If tlnir smi^l i'hal is less ilcv.itcd than oni-s,
It is .still not without value .\t all events, their pr.ie-
tiec is not, .is too frei|Ui.nily hapinn.s among ourselves,
ill an inverse ratio to tlnir tin- -ly. rrotcst.nit and
( 'alholic missiciiaries. the .\i|siriaiis t<'Il lis, hi\e not
as yet met with tin- slighti'st success :imoiig I hese
iiisiil. lis. who have ri'ccu I'd (hem kimJly, have looKcd
upon them with eurio^ity. I..i\e listened (o them with-
out nil Icrst. Hiding them, and do not to the present
d ly know what tiny c.niie to do. Hut C.ipta'ii .loliii
; i-'Ught forth a little Knglish lul'lc. and s.iii| to them
uilh a certain priih'. " Here is .le>us Chri^l. When I
nil ill. 1 ]iiit it iiinler my henl. ami 1 :iiii hc.-iled !"'
riic iiali\es<il Nikohar dance, hut wiili lilllc aniina
(ion, anil i heir song..i are so many laiin nt.itioiis. 'I In ir
ligili'is, (le Austrian ediiiolejrist siid, are so clej;iac,
that the idea was invdlnntarily forci d upon iiiin (li.it
they were the remnants ot ii |>i'inii(i\e aut<'< Idonic race,
perhaps anterior to niirH, which feds (lia( it lias no
loii'.'er a lilace in the actual seiii s olliiiman leiiigs. and
tint nothing remains lor it hut to iiieout :
Oil the •JSth of Kebruary the liigate h f t Kar Niko
liar, for r>atli'liiiavc, an inhahilcd island Iwintv imi'
miles distant, where the geographers wished (o ninkc
s. line oliscrx at ions. (In the ill h of March it anchoicd in
the commodious luit unhealthy jicpri ot Mankaini, well
known to the icligioiri world tor the nund cr of ( Jer-
niaii and Uanisli, Moravian and l.iithiiaii missionaries
who caiiic there to piiish.
I'lie village of Ili'C was first visilcil. All (he in
hahilants had lied awav, ami only h f ( a few faliiishid
dogs lichilid them. Piles wiicsiiii raised ahove the
wa(cr in front of the huts and (o which liianches were
n(taclic 1. to iliive away evil .spiril.s. In (he village
were ;\\>o found a great iinmlier of small lignrcs of
wood, coarselv i ml grotcsipiely eaivid and altai Inil to
the walls and roofs ol tin' lioii.-cs, TIic.m' wcie inti inlcl
to rc|ireseiit Ivvis, that is to say, had spirits, tied up \>\
the leg, just as ill olden times .--callolds ami gihhets
'I'liiitccn village., were <ie^ iii.,d hv name as existing I were erected at g.itewavs, to deter nialclactois. Never
in the island of Kar Nikoi.ir. aliogetin'r eoinprisiiig ihelcss, as if to propitiate these Ivvis at (he same (inie.
soini' hull lied liiit>, with .1 |>^ 'pill. It ion of iVom eight to ' icrlain ealalilcs. incliidin,; toliacco, leaves and hciel
nine hundred iiilial>itaiit.s. [ nuts, were .•iltachcd for (heir use (o diircrent parts ot
The cocoa tint is the I'hief iii.ivanlile produce of ' (he hut. and especially to the liamlH.o ladih r.
llie i-liiid. hut .sugarcane. toK-uvo. cotton and rice I The ecincterv of hoc, as well as that of Kamiirtu, is
could i'c siic.'cssliiUy cultivat<''l. The i|Uantity of nuts stuck all over with jiilcsor ]iole,s, to which the hatcliet,
exported annually, of which the greater portion go to tile, knife ami other |iro|iciiy of the defunct are attach
I'ulo Peiiang. is estimated at four to (ive millions of ed. t'oarsely carved lignrcs, ('.luUd in reil and hlack,
liams. The eoisKi nut tn-e. whiili attains a height of ; with white, red, and hliie rihlions, or simply long palm
trom 111' to Imi flit, and a diameter of two feel, is leaves lloatiiig in the lilec/.e, arc likewise attached to
clow iiid hy a roof of h'.ive.s always gi>.en and plaving the to)i of tlnse |io'.cs, to drive away the evil spirit^,
gr.iccfiilly over the h.'.i.l. Wli.i d.ns n.'t kii..vv the ; The hills of Miigli.ita and (he villages of Klinang,
thousand n.scfnl piirp.i^cs to whieli this precious tree | Calalm, ai\d Kumat, where the missionaries foiiinlcd
is put to ( its leaves, its ri«.t.s its trunk, its s;ip. its estaMishincnls, were also visited. Stareely a tr.ice of
water, its nil. it.s wine, its milk, and its very tihres, all
cniidiicc to tin' comtorts ami happiness of millions of
the liuiiiaii faniiiy.
The grc.itest festiv.il ee'ehnitnl hy the Nikoharians
la.sts lifleen d.iys, and is In-M I'll tin' oicision if the
ojicning of the r.iiuy s4M.s,.n, when the siiuth-wcst
Uionsoo 1 hegiiis to hlow. Tinv als.i celehiate another
(he passage ot (he la((er is now to !«• foi,inl. The
vallev in which eleven //t nii/nil' r.i \iii\~\i, A one lifter
another, is once more transformeil into a gliMHiiv .and
niaicsiic fores(
No(wi(hstanding (lie )iroxiiiii(y of (heir islamls. the
iiihahilanl.s of Kar Nikohar, of Kiniaiig, ami ot
Malacca, do not speak fin- salm- laiigii: ge. They give
THE ISLANDS OK TIIK INDIAN AND FASTI-.t!N S|;aS.
asft
ti( till" mint roiiiniiiii oliji'cts ilifliii'iit, iiiiiiiiv
Till' iiii|>iTti'itioii III tlii'ii- l!iiii;iiii'^i' H
III ili'.'il ti
111' iiKiilmti'il til till' ill liiniiily uf lliiir iihimIIim; it, is
lildlll- stutllTlMJ tllMll S|i,i|il'll.
Till' Ciin.ili
I't sail I
III II
III!
K;il.rli;
I IV tl.
(SI' wild Ml'l
lliiitr I lie iiiitivpH of llii'so
isliiiiils mi' II t.ni.illv ijistiiiil, rucc riimi cillirr tin
lliiiill
iiH III' till' iKiitii I, iif till' M.iliijs 111' till
mist ;
ill lint, tli.il llii'V 111-1' iii'i;iiii'« 111' 11 tv|ii' Niiiiilar In tlnisii
iiiliiiliiliM'4 till' li'i'i'ji'i', or Kiji Islimls, tiiiiis|iiirlii|
N. Ill km 111, mill Kmiiiiilii ; Iml li.iviiii» nn slrniii |ii)\vii- lliitluT iivrr tin' Imliaii t (ii'iin liy sniiin in'riilriit nl' tlii)
(1 \|ii'i|iliiiiiislM Will' uiiiililii III rll'rit a liiiiiliiij,' I srii, sihIi, |ii'ili,iiM, lis wnl'li'ii rivilisnlinii In Mi'xiro
(til till) I7lll tlli'V fi'li'lli'il till' Mi'l jsl.iiiils, illlij tlii'll . I'lnlll .hl|imi, Mini to linl I'liilil .Mi'xirii ; tllllt llll'V livd
'I'ri'is mill 'I'rark, mill tln'lniii; niiiiiiil.iiiintis I'liniii ul' in liiri'stH, iiinivilisi'il, I i:i ilia inns, \ imlirlivi', iiiiil lis
Ijtlli' Nikiiliar mill III' I'liln Miln, wliii'li lalliT small ij^imrant tiH wiM lira-Is, ami that I'm ri'iitnrii's, iii-i'nrii-
islanil tiicv xvi'i'i) ciialili'il In i\|iliii-i'. 'I'lii'V ili'si'iilii. it . inj,' In all ri'iiiii'lsiifi'asliTii iim'. Mnlimiimailaii Iravi'l'i-rs,
as iil'i'M'i'i'ilin^ lii'iiiiiA', ami flnllii'il willi mi iiilniii'Mlili' I tliry liavr riijnvril IIh' rr|intatiiin — niilalrlv, ii ; lliiii' is
vi'Hi't itiiin. 'i'lic |iaiiilaniis, wliirh iiiijiaiis tn till- I miw ii'iison to |>ii'--iinir - nl' lii'iiij; milliiii|iii|iliii;;i, or
iiiri'-its ill' sniitlii'in Asia sn ililli'ii'iil an as|ii'i't In llmsi' ralcrs nf hum m flisli 'riiis siiiL,'iilar ri if jii'iipl
it' ."'nutli Aiiii'rii'i, is si'i'ii lii'ii' ill all il< iii'i i'l'il inn. ! air iilmnst aiialnijiiiis, in tin- sialr nl' liiimaiiih
illi
A S\vi"l'sli naturalist, nf tin- n iini' nf l;iiil<, liaij pii' tin' rinsji'sniaii, nv I'n-limiii nl'Sniilli Aliiiii iiirii,
li'ii till' Anstrimis lii'i'i-, mnl lia'l iiii|ilnyiil liuly wlin in I lirir lialiiN nC li\ iiit,', ari' lint a li'W ii'iiinvcs
Cliinrsii wnikmi'ii In npi'ii |iallnviiys in vaiiniis ' I'lnm llii' iimnki v s, nr lal Iht may lir saiil, almnsi willi-
iliri'i'limis. Tin' I'lini'H'al |iiili's. lirarin^ llit' lln il in;; I mit i'xa!,'i,'ilal inn, In lia\r rallnr llii' ilisailvaiilai,'i' nl'
iiiia>{i'S to ilrivi' away tin' wirkril Iwis. wiTi' alsn sirii ' tiirsi- animals in a|i|ii'aiaiiri', witli a ijiialil v nl' inli'ijiit
at lllis islanil. Tin' |irrsii|is wlin laisr tlli'si' lin|iliii's srani'ly r\|iani|i'i| almvi' iijinliy mnl a laiii;iia;,'i' nl'
ir ili'vil i'\tii|ialiiis. At llin ' k"" n'als si-iiii'ly r\riiiliiii,' in raii;,;i' llir tjnint nf
il Malnr
smiii' tinii' tliat lln'V tlins alnisi' a sn|irisl ii inns ihrail nl' Imijs, tin' liaisli si'i'i'ain nl' ijn' jarkal, nr tin' wliistlini,'
I'vil s|iiiil-s, tlii'y i'nm|ili'li'ly snlijii'l llw inimls nl' lln' nl' liinls 'I'liry mi- ili';;iiiiinli'il I'lmn llir l'a|inan
|ii'ii|ili', Just as tlii'ir inlli-a'^'iii'S, tlm arliili's ol' tliiili'- ly|ir, si'lilnm rxni'il llvi' li'il in liiii;lit, Ium' hrails nl'
' a lai';^ii sizi', slmrt inrks ami lii^li sliniillias, wnnllv
liair, ]irntiilii'|-ant stmiiai'lis, ami wiak, liainlv li'!,'s.
'I'lii'y (;n cnlii-i'ly nakfil, mily iiililiini,' lln'ir limlii's
lala, till' mi'iliriiii' nun nl" tin' Nmili Amriiran
Inilia
111 tin
if I 111' KaDirs ili
Tin' i'lliiinlii',iist 111' llii) i'\|irilitiiin snri li'J, iifliT
many |iri
si'llts nf tnli:
iflass lii'ails, ami almitliillv "illi vrll
w rlav, ami irililiiiiii'' I
ii'ir nrails ami lari's
liM'l knivi's. III iii-ltinL; tlirm' naliM's ti
I'll li
lllll a "Itll I'cil ni'lll'i
TI
I'ir niily »ia|iiins nr iin{ili'iiii'iil.s
skili'tmi. Tl^llllllill^' all tin' way, tln'y li'il liini tn a mi' Imws ami ai;iiws (nf i'li';,'aiit sliapi'), a kiinl nf li;
si'i'lmli'il |iart nf tin' li
iri'st, wlii'ir 1 iv lln
linily nf a I II iii'aiii'il inil nf lianl wnml fur s|ii'ani
II' nsii, all
yniiii;,' man : lint lln- mniiu'lit tlii'y siw llir savant at ' ail/.r Ininl nf sliarp stmn' f.isli'iiiil In a liamili' liv
ik with a kiiili', tlicv Ih'il awav as last as I
lii'if li'i's ' I'ni'ii iiiailii
if s(
rnlli' Vi'1/rtalili
lill
I'l'.
nv snli-.ist nil
■ ill
•airv llniii.
I'nssil.ly ll ll liiLtist
lish,
aliiininl I'l'inTaJIv <in ll
111 It tlii'V tliiiii'^ht till' naninni wmilil a\ iil;i' ilscil I'nr j <>( srairilv
ll '
Ihi'V ill
II' riiasi, lint in I in
1
viini' rats, lizanls, ami vrniiiii nl
i.'ir ti'i'ai'liiTV
I'VITV llrsrniltliill.
Till' r.Mh nf Manli tin' frin.iti- IraviTsi'il tin' ranal
Hill' wrilrrs wniijij r
•flT ll
I'll k
iinwn ami ti
if Sai:it lii'iiri'i'
lasli'il til"
.1 nf M
nsial, an
I saiHv aiitlniitiiali' 1 liinrilv ami lilnml I hiislini'ss nf the
tmirlii'il till' next ilay at tin' rliaiinin;; liltli' islainl nf A miainans simply In a ininic'i'iiiis Invr nf imli'|ii'mlini'i'.
Kiiinlna, wlicri" tliry ailiniiril llir spli'iniiil vi'iji'tatinn j Tlicy iln iint in any lasi', says llir liavillir ipmli-il,
ami iinposini; fori'sts. Thiy nut- hiTi' with Kniiiii ! appii riali' liiiim appniiiliil jailms In an iin aijini.' pinpli'.
iiitiM'S, who wcro snllii'irnlly .iliaiil' In allnw llii'in \ Hut ali.! it i-, nut nnly tin' Knylisli llii'vslav. Nut
iiiilii innlU'iisivi' Anslrian nalnralist
■I virtiin In tiirir tr Iniv whili'
si'lvi'S tl) ill- wi'iv'lnil ami to liavr tlnii hair rlippril — : many yiais a;;ii.
an ii|irralinn wliirh, as it liusti'il imt li'ss than I wnitv i ' I'l'- Milfii) lil
III
imiti's, was lint .a litllr fati!;ninu;, Imlli In tin' iipiaatnr ipiirlly lintanisin;,' in tlii'si' iiiliii'~pilaliir islamis
n 1 to till' patii'iit
Till! lait;rst nf Ihi'si' Anilainan Islamis, kiinwn as tl
Tlio i'thnnln;;ist, in nrili'r In slmly tin' ri'inrilial jtlraml .\miaiiian, is snmiwiiat ii riritly ilrsi;;natii|
iin'ans in iisi' in tlm I'mintrv, |ii'i'li'iiilri| that In' hail ', as a sini^'h' islami, 1 Ml mil
iiii' liv I'tt lirnail : it i-, in
Mvi'i'i' I'lii'iimatii: pains in his h'tt sIiimiIiIit, ami i
ii'alilv iliviilnl ll
iiiaiiv rliannrls intn tii
'1"
itjril a nativi' ilnrlnr to nmii'rtaki' llm iiiri!. Tim rati' islamis. A piilnnsipii' niniintaiii, kimwii In lln-
Nikiiliarian Ksiiilapins arrnrilin^^ly tunk Imlil ui' tin' Knulish as ."'■ailiili' I'lak. ami w hirli at tains an rli'V atimi
lllirti'il arm, piin'lii'il it, pri'sscil it, riihlii'il it iiji ami I nf -,'IOll frrt, is tlir main ti-atiiri' nf this islami, ami is
linwii, liii'W iipmi it, ail llir tinii' ilainini; ami slnnilini;,
t'> ilrivi- away thi' I'vil .spirit that hannli'il tin- nii'inlii'r ;
ami at Iiust lie urrivi'il, with rxjirnssivu (;i'sMiros, at his
j,'raiiil I'liiiiax, wliii-h was to niaki' it cxinlr frnm llir
rvtri'inity nf tin' tiiirjci-s. Sn littli' satislii'il, hownviT,
was till' ilni'tor witli his pi'rlnriii iin:i', that wlini Im h.ul
a mMtiiil V, ill' Innk him-
I'l'ii at a ^ii'.it ilistamr.
It si'i'in>
tn lii-nf
1 ri'ivi"! Ills livi' sons
S'if llir as fast as liis linilis v
ill
anv liiiii.
IV. -TIIK ANKA.MAX ISLANDS.
TiiK terror which stnirk tin' inntinims .Si'pnv ri'j;!-
IV Irarnt tlii'ir
mints of niir Imliaii ariiiv, wlnii lli
rlitrliri.' was nl
III' nl trii
ispnrtat Inn
In till' Al
Islamis, in thn R'ly of Hi'iigal, ran only In; umleratnoil
nrii^in, mnl it is nvnn .saiii tliat Ihrri' an- Milcannrs in
ai'tivily in thn islamis.
Tim sniilhi'i-n islami, wiiirh is kiinwii as Litdr .\ii-
ilaiuiili, is nnly alimit !'•''' mill's Imi;; liy 17 in wiiiili.
llavini;m> rnnnini,' slrrams nf fri'sh watrr. it lias nrvrr
altrai'li'il sn niiirli atti'iilinn as tin' mirthirly islami.
Liki' all nllii'i- islamis in tiir Imlian ()i-iaii, tin' An-
liam.'in Islamis air i-lntlii'il with a Inxuriaiit vri;rtMlioii.
Ainniii; otlirr kiinls nf \ri;italiii' wnmi air rlmiiy, ml
sannili'is whikI, nr smifjilis ilrarniiis nf ilrni;i,'isls (I'li-ra
rtirjiiiH l>iiliJI)ir(iiilili;s), liamlinn, rattan raiirs, ami ntlirr
iniii;i'iirrs, wliirli ini
alirr tn tlir fnrrsts that linn tlir
part a )iic'nliarly i,'iacrtni appi
rnasts
Thi;.S(' Inrrsts arr triialitrd liy lint li'W liinls of Inil
ii'
m
i i i'
I
'
236
AM< ROUND TIIK WOllIiD.
li.'int |p1iiin.iL.'i'. Till' iinlivi' )iiL,'i'<'ii, is. linwrviT, ic-
iiiiiiUiilili' t'oi ll> i'\i|iii-.iu' l.c.iiil v : mill \\ itii tlu' rMTp-
tJMii lit' till* sM'j Mini liic nmIiI lioiir, tlii'i'c ix, as in tlic
Nikiil'iir 1>I:iimIs. a rniii|ili-ti' aliMiU'c nt" ini.iilni|icils.
That wliirli rriiili'iN tin' Ainlaiii.iii.s ]iiTiiiiis in llir cvi's
ot" till' stnilrnt ot' Ciivii r, aii' tlic ininiliiTs of |urlty
SulaiiLiaiii' swallows [Ulnniilii i:irii/t nfn), i'\i'V lliltini;
nluiiil tin- iiM'ky I'liasis, mill wliirli cunsniirt ill tin-
I'avi's till' niiiL'li I'liM'li'il nrsts mi tssrntial to C'liimsi'
«')iiriuiaiiisiii.
A liltli" niiiri> tinn two vi'iirs ai;o, a iialf military
anil liall'sricniilii" niis.siim was ilrs|ialrlit'il iVoni llriii.'al
♦ o explore tlio An'laiiian Isl.nnls, with the viinv to
forinins; ii coiivirt si'ttlriiii'nt tlnro Tho mission was
jifcsiili'il iivrr Ipv I >r. .Mmiat, ami was ai'i'ompanii'il,
among otluTs Is M. Alallitli", a French )iliotoi,'ia|ihir
nrtist, to wlmni we are inilihteil I'ur the aeeoiint of
(he in'meeiliii^s of the expeilitiun. as also lor the
hkrii'lii's wliirh illiistrale it.
The niissinii (Miiliarkeil from t^ileiitta on the I'iinl of
NoM'Milier, IS-'i7. in the ste.^mer. /'/kAi. a vessel of |(il'
tons. I'omiiiamleil hy Captain I'akir; ami. after some
(lelav oil' the eiia-t of riiiiiiiah. reiuheil roil ( 'oiuwallis.
ill the north of (iranil Amlaman. on the lllh of
l>eei'iiil'er.
A pirliniinary leeonnaissaiu'e of the eoiinlry was
elleiteil without any o]iposition on the part of the
inhaUitaiils. In every tliieition the same exnlieianee
of vi'LTc tation was metwitli — virgin forests eovereil the
laml. On the ll'th, the strainer left I'oit foniwallis
for allot 1 erst it ion. wheie traee.sof the nati\fs appi .iieil.
ami the: iheiiiselvi's were soon maile oiit ; Int. not
withslamliiiiT the si!,'ns of friemlsliip maile. ami the
plai-ini.' of presents within their reaeli. they eoiihl not
lie imliiii'il to eomiiinniiate with the visitors, ami liny
haileil their re-i'iiiharkntion ^^itll tnmnliuons shouts ol
iletiaiu'O. tin the I llh. aiiotlier jioint w;i.s ri'ioL:in>eil,
for there was no water, when the tialives wmilil not
conimunieate. This .system was )ierM'Vrreil it. for live
or six ilays, ihiriii'; whieh \arions lamliii;; jii.iees were
exploii'il, various ileseeiits were niaiie, a little shootiiii;
was earrieil en. ainl some .sharp eollisions with the
Amlamans took jilaee.
It w,is not till the "Jlst that a plare was foiiml
a.lapli'il for the estalilishment of a eonviet eoloiiy.
'I'lie I'eslivitii'S of (hiistmas l>ay hail hein ix.iily lele-
hraleil, ami the next ilay the exploration of the > oast
was eoiitiimeil. when, on attiiii]''iiii; to doiilile the
extremity of the tripartite (ir.iml Amlaman. the /V»^l.
lieiiij; in a eliaiinel lietwn n the niain'ainl ami an islainl
not wilier than the Seine at Paris, the An.laiii.ins maile
tlioir appearaiue arnieil. ami )ii their war eanoes. ami
U onee maile for the steamer. iXm ]i. '-'-"tii).
UoetiH' Mouat, aiionipanieil liy l>r. I'l.iyfair. I . iit
Heathcote. ami M. .Mallite, with twelve men wiil
aiiiieil. took to one hoat Mr. Toji'.'i'ave ami the
siiri;i'i)n of the I'lutn. with eiu'lit men, niaiiiieil another.
The inoveineiit of tlie whites was eareliillv seaiineil
liy the natives. ( in vilim; seven loili,' laliois, they
took tho ilireetion tiom Smith lieef Islam! towarih
Interview Islaml. The Knulish iliil not hesitate, they
seereti'il their arms ami foUoweil vi]i the s.ivai.'eselosely.
No einl of tiities h.nl lieen irot tOL'etlier as jne.sents to
• oiiiiliate. aii'l hamlkerehiefs were waveil in siitn of
fiiiinlship. lait notwithstaniliin: tliese ileinoiistrations.
tiie .Amlamans assnimii a more a il more ho.stile
attitmle. ami a shower of armws liegan to rain upon
the boats occupied hy the whites. The hitter were
thus olilii.'iil to have recourse to their arms, mnl eveiiil
savam's wi re killiil or wonmleil in this ileploral'le coii-
lliet, ami one of the ai,'i;ressi\c wan ioi-s fell into l!lo
hanils of the I'n^'lish,
The coiiili.it iliil not pa.ss overwilhont ilis;i^i i eiilile
coiisei|nini IS to the whiles: one of the l'!ni,'lisli oltieers
was strmk liy an arrow, a sailor was woniiileil. .iml
M. IMallille wa.s .somehow or other hit hv a sir.tv hall.
The contest was. howcMr, of hiief iliiralioii. the
.\mlainaiiH soon jjave way. ami the chaiiin 1 was left
open to the Kiii;lisli. The latter, lioweMr. iliil not,
after this nntowanl oeeiii leliee, persevere w illi their
researches; lait they took their way haik, wnli their
prisoner, to ("alcnlta.
The result of their ex|ilorations. as eoinmnniiatiil to
lis hy A!. Mallitle is, that the Amlamans : re anion;;
the most savaue ami nnciviliseil rares of the Inilian
ocean. Their hal itatioiis are of the most riiilinientaiy
ihaiaeter. Kotir slakes, coven il with a roof of palm
Icavi s. is all that is iiecessary to constiinle a mansion
for an .\iiilaiiiaii family, ami in sinli a milil climate so
primili\e a constrmtion is nally all that is waiiteil.
The nnmhcr appears, however, from the plioloeraph,
to imiease prohalily with the nniiihcr of the family.
Their hills are open to every hree/e, ami they are
internally ilecoiateil with loins of wihl luar.s, shells,
or turtle. ;iml i,'reat lish, tieil louellier in festoons. No
iniMcalion of the |<ietemlcil ciiinil .ilisiii o| tiic inhaliit
mit.s was met witli ; all the riseairlns m,nle upon this
)ioiiit were ill viiin, ami no hiiinaii hone came to testily
to a liorriMe ctistom, too oltin a repioach auaiii't the
ilark raci s of (tceaiiia. As far as the Aml.imans are
coiMcineil. it is ipiile siilliciriit to he williout the fr.i-
tern ly of men. ami nniilen is of all who .ire not of
theniMlM's. whether thrown hy the li mpcst on their
coasts, piacernlly explolimi llie resoarees of the la,.il. or
ilcsiroiis of opeiiiiii; it to iiiterconrse ami eomnierie.
witlioiit aililiiii; to sm h sav.iiie harhaiily the loathsome
crime III anthropo)ili,i^y. Smli a piai lice is not. imlccil,
consistent with the climate.
The origin ol this race if people, so dillercnl in their
ap|iearaiice ami slate of ii\ilisaiiiii I'loin any of the
races on the continent, or the ueitjlihonring islamls,
whose ileteniiineil hostility to Kniopeaiis. ami ilisin-
clinatioii lo intereoiii'se with strangers, anionnts to a
]ia.ssion. has heen a snliject for much speculation, it
has hi ell generally ailniitteil that the jie. pie to whom
tliev hear the greatest resemlilance in their )Mr.-oiis ami
ilispiisitioiisiire themo]i licaili il I'l ]inansof New tiuinca;
Imt how they shoiihl have louml ihcir way to so great
a ilistame in their frail cam is. it is ililti. nil to imaiiine.
,M. Mallilte ailiis his teslimonyto this lai t. th.it the
Anilam.iiis lielong to the ilark race which is \ariously
known umler the names of Tapiians. Alliiius. Kmla-
meiie.s, iir Amlamans. Adas, or Negritos ; they are
imleeil of a ]ialpalile hlai k. In heiiihl they selilom
cxeieil live feet, their lieails are large ami sunk in the
shoiililcrs. their hair if* woolly as with their Afiican
congeners, ami the ahiloineii is piotnl eraiit at the
ex]iense of the lower liiiilis. which are spare, ainoii:,'
the geiieialilv of imliv iilual.s. They live in a .stale of
)ieifeit luiility. niilcss we iiiiy i onsiiler as a kiliil of
clothing the plastering their hoilies with yellow ochre
ami clav, a juactiee remlenil |iositi\ely ncces.sary as a
proteition ai.'.iiiist the attacks of insects, which swarm
in the air ami wouhl otherwise be ii conslant torment
111 them. This plasterin;.' theiiiselM'!^ with yellow,
ami the custom of painting their faces ami woolly he.- ils
THE ISLANDS OF THE INDIAN AND EASIKRN SEAS.
willi ml iii'liri', (liii'-f iioi trinl I i iiiiprovr tlicir mii.ir
illlv Imll'illls ll|i|H':llMll(l'. 'I'llr |l l|lllliltinll (if (lie (ill.Mt
Aiiiiiiimii. it ii niiijcctiin'il, lines imt I'xrrcil '2,,'tUti
lllTsclllS. Mini lIll'V llllill' ili Hill ill Silcil'lil'S, tllllli IIIIIVC
:iliiiiii tVoiii oiii' [iirt lit' llii'cust In iiiinilipr 111 search
nfl I.
All llii' riH'iiiiil.'i- lit" the most, ciinti'iiiiiliious ilis'liin,
MIVS M. MllliUi'. Ilavc lil'l'll i'\ll:lll>l 'ij vvitli |i'L»,iri| In
tlirsi' savages. We timl lllelil mirselves to lie iiiiirli
less liiileniis lliaii many Aiislraliaiis. Is it i|iiit ' true
alsi) tliiil tlie Aiiilaiuans are "aiiioi,!,' the Inwest in
the scale of hiiiiianilv/ Have nut the Itiiriiiese.
whn iio to cut wenil in their islaiiil, Miel ti olililii
eililile Mests, exaj;;;erat,eil the cruelty nl' these uisiilars (
The |irisniier who was taken tn ('alciitta. wliere he die I
nf ciiiisuni|ition, iliil imt exhiliit any ferncity ; Imt. he
wxs always grievinj,' ami |iiiiiiiL,' for his lative country.
Thanks to this |innr sa\a'.;e, the cerlaiiitv was aei|iiire:|
lh.it the language of the .\nclaiiians hail no allinily
with that s|inken at 'renasseriin. no iiiore than it lia'l
with the iilioni in nse at the Nikoliar Islamls.
In oilier to hotter eninpreheml the liivl iiii.,'iii of
these |ieo|ilu, who seem as it were cast away up m the ,
iniliaii Ocean, itwoiihl peilia|is re(|iliie tosliiily lietler
tli:iii has hitherto lieeii ilone the liirlianms nli mi-i of
the Islanil of W'aigiyii in the centre of Xew (J'liii '.i, or
even (corrupted as they are) more of the lil.ick I'apiians
who wander on the shore of I )niery, and of whose Ian
Ullage the natiir.UisI L-ssnii obt lined a voealmlary,
uiidniihleilly very limited, hut still iimst preciniis to
liiinj,'raphisl-i. [t is not a lit lie rem.irkalile thit
iliesc negrnes of the nceaii, whn frnin their persistent
lior-tilitv to Kiiropeaiis have lieen In >ked iipnii liy sn
iiiiiny travellers as next to liriiles in point of intrlli
geiice, and as disinherited of aliiinst all the prern;;.!! ive-i
of the Iniiiian race, have a system of enunciation more
I iiiiplcte thin that of some sav.iges of America and of
I'nlviiesia. and wlm I'.irm eonsider.ililr trihivs, to wlinin
it is ciislomiiy lo yr.mt a reputation for i eerl lin
aiiiniint of civilisation.
An examination, which was ed'ected liy t'nrce of arms,
nf Siiiue of the h ihitat ions of the .\ndam.ins. spread
.dnie,' the shores of the gre.it isl.ind. all'orded a i'cw
ethnnlngieal fiets reg.irding the.se | pie which we
were not previniisly in possession of It was aseor- !
tained, tor example, that their weiipniis of >var and
for hiintiiig and tisliing, were maniifaetured with
iMie skill. The hows of the Andamaii-i are made of
.1 kind of iron wood, which presents a great resistance,
ami, at the same time, assumes a most gr.icefiil form ;
i!i(ir arrow.s, which they direct with no small ellect.
are fniir feet ill length, and are of three kinds,
iiiaile out nf very hard wood ; they are all iiiiiied with
Miy tine pniiit^. Mime are simple, ntliers Imrlii'd, and
the third descriptiiiii has a mn\ ealile harpnon — no don I it
used for tisliing. The oars, or pagays, which the
.\iidaiiians ply with dexterity, are slinrt ami cnloiircd
red, hut the hatchets with which they coiistriu-t tlieir
Cannes are coarse inslruineiits, coiisistiiig of a more or
less rnimded and sli.iip stone, fastened lo a haliiUe liy
cnrds of vegetalile lilires.
The .\ndaiiiaiis are imt an agricultural |ienple, they
.ire true ichtliyophagists. The sea that liatlies their
islands aliniind; in excellent tish ; .soles, mullet, and
nyster.s constitute their chief alimentary resources llui [
scimetime.s, in had weather, tish fails them, and they
then devniir the lizards, rats, and mice that alinund in i
their wouds ; some also sjiy, snakes. A little innre ]
iiiliislry wniill cnaMe t'lem tn liiid an aliiindant
vegetalile liind in I'leir winU. Ilamlltnn, in his A'k.v^
lllilhtil Ult-.ill il\ s.iys, oil the MllllnrilV nl' Syiiie, that
the liread fruit tree exists there, and I ill' siiiie all-
Ihority declare-, that there are ipiicksilver niiiics in the
iiilei'ior. Others decl.'irc that the fruit of the man
glnve is alliinsi the only vcijetalile siilistanee in the
isl.iiids that is tit for fund, l.'nena nut trees, which are
sn plentiful and sn prnlilic linihniitlie cnnlinent and
in the nei^lilioiirini; Nikohar Isl.inds, are .said ne\er In
have lieeli planted ill the .\iii|am:in Islands. The
palm tigured in M. .Mallille's lieaiililiil plin|n;.'rapli.
and ascended liy means nl .1 remarkalily in^'i'iiimis
liamlinn III' rattan ladder, is the i.atania, m' riniii'linii
palm, called li'iiiiier liy the I'reneh. (Sn; p. lilt. )
It is nntaliille reiiiarkalile, that iint wil lislaiiding
the ill feeling eie.'eiidere.l liy the liiiti\ es nf t he .\ii-
ilauian Islands wiili the Knglish, liy their nMii
linstility and their murderous propeiisil les. and which
have, no llnlllil, given nrigin tn Nunie dei,'lei' nt' llei-llijiv
ill speaking n)i them wliicdi has lieeii cninmeiilid up m
liy innre dispassiniiate foreigners, that the niii;iiial
cliari,'!' lit' caiiiiili.'ilisiii did not cniiie fmni the l'!iiulis|i.
liiit actually dates t'ar hack hefnre the ('ape ot' (Innd
I Inpe wa^ dniililed liy Vascn de ( iaiua. and any Muin
peali li.'id iia\igated the Iniliaii (> in Winn the
.Miiliamm.'iilan Ira'-llers nf the time nf the Khalifat,
and of whose travels licnaiiilni has gi\en an account,
descrihe ih.' Indian (Iceaii, they make iiarticnl.ir liien-
liiin III ilie Kaiiiiii Islaiids. iiih.iliile.l liy caiiiijlials,
.mil \vlii,li .sep.irale I he Sea nf lleikiiiil finlii that
nf ( 'lielael ; I liey .sn nieiilinii nl lieivs which lhe\
call .N.I jali.ihis, and then lliey cnmc In ihe .\ ndaiii.'ins,
.ind We iMiisI jiidL;e liy the exiiggeratinii which thev
permit to iheiusclve^ 111 ihiir physical dcseripl Inn of
these uiitnrtiinat.' races, of the little fiilh that can lie
put in their stat"menls. The | eople who iiihahil the
coast, lliry s:iy, imi ra»v liiimni llesh, Thev are Mack,
iiave wnolly air. eyes and face I'righlfiil, feel very large,
and a ciiliit in length, and are ipiile naked. "They
li.ive 1111 linats, and. if they had any, thev wnii'd iinl
eat all the peasants wlinin they could catch." We
snppnsethe last para'.;r.ipli is an o\ crsiglil of Heiiaudurs,
and that lie meant, thev Wdiild eat all thev cniild
cat. -hi
' 'I'lii' (irij^iiial, ii-i ;;'ivrn 111 tin- Kiiirli-li tiMiisl;ilinn fionitlii- Aliln'
UriiiiUiloi l)y Harris, ami iii-^t'rteil in I'iiiktTton's t'oiloilinii, i^ as
foU.m's: -
'rin'sc islands (IslamU of Itaiiini), sqvirntt'tho si*a of Ilcrki'ttd
tV.Mii the sra ot' ln'lalict. a'nl hfunui tlicm an' otluTS cullrti Naja-
Imlii-^, wiii.'li aiv pretty utll pcoplcti; Imt tlic im-ti ami \V(niu'ii
tluTc p) iiakrtl, WthMi -;liiM|iinij is amnn'^st tlu-ir slainls, the
iiili:il)itaiitR cnino oll'to rinbiirkations ;ttiil tinnj^ willt Itii' u ainliiT-
irris ami cnccvi-huts, wliirh tlM'v tnu-k tor iron ; tor tiny want no
cIolniiLr. l)fiii^' tV.-o troin tlir im* invciiiciio's citln-r nC lu-it or culd.
M.' ond tlu'-ii- two isliiuU lid-; till- Atidaniaii Si'a. Tlir jxopli'on
til's coast iMt loiniaii lli'^li i|Miti' rtvv : tlicir ruinjiltxion is liiack,
tln'ir hair tVi/z-d, tlit'ir ((Minti'iiaiic-H a!id cys iVii^'lilful tluir feci
an- very kir.M- and al iio%t a culiit in Icnu'tli. and they jo ipiite
n:ikf<i. Thi-y iiavc no sort ol' hiirk", orotluT vi'sm'Is; il they Imd,
tlu-y would rtiMi'.i' and di-vonr ail tin* pa.ssen^ors they could lay
li inds on. \VlnMi «liips Imvc hciMi kept liack by rontrary winds,
tlicy arc often in tlicsc seas uhliL^cd to drop anchor on t lii^ li;irl»a-
rons coast for the sake of water, when they liave expended tlteir
■«t'<ck : and iijion these oeea-^ions they commonly lose some "t' their
men. Iteyoii i thistlieie is a ntomitainoiis and yet inhahited l-^lioid,
where it is -ad. tliere are mines tif silver ; hnt, as it diM'- not lie
in tlie usual tr;iek of shippui;, many have MinLrlit f">r it in v;un,
thoM;;li remarkahle for a very lofty niountnin, which is Cidled
Kathend. It once so happened, that a ship sailing: in thcKO lati*
1 ade^ liiul sight of the numntnin, and shaped her course lor it, an.;
\y
■^M
ATT. P'MiN'I> Til" WniM n
It is ti) lie cliMrlv sn'ii rrmii tliix ciiiiinis |iiissj|i;( , 1 wlii'ii tlicv iin t w il li llirin, ainl otir liinr h |i;ili il i Inin.
lliiit, ill till' til r Ihiriiii-iilK.isiliiil, till' Mill:iii lit' mill H'lVi' III! i|ii;iriii' (ci till' Aiiil:iiiiiiiiN.
till' llllllVt'l|iHI> ir;;ili(l>. llir |i TiiiiiHIS Aliii.lllllllis, willl ('il|illlill lljllllilliill >]|W It ll.ltiM' (if liu' AllillllllMII
t'liM a cliliil ill K'liytti, liilisl liavi' ilitcKtnl I lir I'na.st nf l>liiiiils al Atrliiii in |(!1I4. This limn Was iiliiiiit linty
Malacril. wlii'iii c tlicv liiiM' siiii'i' luili cxiiillril to tlir Vrais ut' a^''' NV Inn ii linv trii nr tui'Ur Mills nC ni-c,
i-laiiils wliicii iiiiw ln'ar tlicir iiiiiiir. I'lilin'liiliali'ly in' a('rii|ii|iaiiiril liis t'allici' in tlii' wars, imil was taken
loi' tiiosi' willl iiiij^lil ciilri'laiii iilras III' instiliiliiii; a |ii'iMinii' ; iiiiilliis yuiitli ni'iiiiiiiiriiiliMi.' Iiiin tniiiiirv.
Iiiiiilrij llaliiiity riiiii|>aiiy tin' wnrlxiiii; tlic Ainlaiiiaii I lii'V saM'il liis iiti', iiinl niaili' liiiii u sl:i\r. Aliii lir
ijiiii ksiivi'i' niiiii's, it nmmiIiI a|i|ii'ar tliat tlii> sanic liail rmit iiiiii'il so tliirc nr I'mii' M'ars, lie was caiiiiil
Aialiiaii iiairativis nt' Iravfl, nf wiiirli Siiiliail is niiK tu Alrliiii, tn lii- sniii I'm' rlnlii, kiilMs. ami IhIkiih,
all i'|iiMiili', s|HMk Isii lit' an i.>laiiil in llii' liusniii < I' wliii'li arc tin' I'liiiiiiiiHliiiis must waul iml.' ann'iiL,' t lir
wliirli is lilt' liioiilil;,iii ol Katliilial - |ins>ilily llic .siliir Niknliais. Tlii' Ali-liilii'ls liriii^' Aluliniiiiiiiiilalis, ilijs
us Saililli'|M'iik — ami rrnlii wliii-ii llir liiiiii,' nt' tlif l"'.\ s |iatrii|i lucil liiiii ii|i in tlial iili'jinii. ami
wiiiiils causes strcaiiis of )iiiri' silvrr III lliiw ! It wniild ■'"ine years al'ltr. liis niaslir ii_\ inj;, ;;a\r Inin lii^ liee-
seein as it' tiiis Salaeeiiie I laMllel's tale liail lieeli tlie iliilii. Me, lia\ iiii; a ^'leat desire tn see liis iiali\('
liasis I'd!' till' le;,'eml iit' iiiines nf i|iiicksilver. Imt, as eimiiliy. Iimk a |iraliii : ami 'lie nmntlis nf 1 iei,iiiilier.
Sir .hums I'linersnii 'rennaiit lias justly i-eihaikeil in ■laimaiy, ami Kelniiaiy lieiiij; lair wiatliir. ami llie
liis ttnrk (111 t 'eyldli, we (Uiiilit mil In lie Inn liasly in sea siiinnili. lie Miilnidl tn tlie sea, in niili r In ;;n tn
ca-tiii;; riilieiile n|i(iii tliese naiiali\(s nt" travel llial lii^n»i I ly, rmni tlie islands of (Imiiiis and ( liilln
allliei|iatei| tlinse nf Klirn|ieaiis. In a iri ii;,'la|i|iii al liey, w iiieli lie near Alcllill. Here llie snill In I lilnnst
|iiiiiit of view, lliey ]inssess i,;reat value, and if snim nt llie Niknliais may lie seen, and mi niie island may
limes tliey ennlaili slatenielils wliicli appear mar I"' seen flnin alinther, frntii the snlllhel niiinst nf tlinx'
\ellnlls, llie nivslery is nl'leli eNplailieil away hy a In l.illle A nil.iliiali, w liieli is the .sniil liei niiinst i ' llie
iiinre miiiiile and careful iiii|iiiry. .\ ndani.uis, that are dislaiil iVniii Alcliin almiil niie
A settleiiient was atteliiplcd hy the Kii',;li>li in hiimlred le,ii.'iii>. Arriiin;: amniii; his lelalinlis. he
."lM,iin the sniitli part nf ihe l.irt;esi island, which "as made welcnme, with j;i(al dt imiiislr.iiiniis nt jnv
jicltleiliellt was, twii years aflerwards, reliinved tn I'ml In see him alive wlinlii they expecled tn liaM- Inli;;
i 'nrnw.il'is, near the nnl'lheni end. t 'lie nlijeel fnr luen deid.
iiiakiin; this eslaMislimeiit was, ihe ]ins.-essinn nf ,i lla\ iiii,' relaini d his nali\(' lanu'iiai,'e, he :,'.i\ e iheiii
eniill linns hailiniir mi the easi side nf I he jiay nf an accniilit of his ad\ elil liIVs : and as ihe .\iidamal.^
T'cliual. which liiii,'lil lie a place nf shelter dnrili;; the ha\ e im linliniis nf a deily, lie aeipiaililed llamwilli
prevalence nf the linrlh east mnnsdnii. The place «as ihe kiinwlei|i.'e he had nf a (Ind, and wmild have per
aliandniied in 17!'li, in ciin.sci|iiem c nl' its pnnim.' siinlcd his cnunlrynieii In Icirn nf him ihe wav In
extremely prejudicial In the health nf the .scllhis. Il adnic ( liiij, and sn nliey liis laws ; l.iil he inidd make
is jirnli.ilile that this disadvanl;ii,'e mii;h| have hci n im cmiM rls. \\'heii hf had slaMil a limiti h np | wn, he
remedied l.y cle.iiiii:,' ihe adiaceni dislricl. wliicli Innk lca\e In he ^nne aL.'ain, w hich liny | ii mil li d, i n
I niisisls nf Infly liills c(i\cred w ilh llees and jiinule cmidiliin ih.-il he wniild ictiiin. 1 le 1 n iiijhl alnli;;
In ISII, hImii I'nri ( 'nrnw.illis was \ isited liv ,in wilhhim fmir nr |i\ c huiidii d (Muhaniiiia(l;iii)\Mii;ht nl
linu'lisli ship, very few vesliiies remained nf this llrilisji ipiicksiiv cr. and he said ihal sniue i.f ilie .Xmialiiiiii
■I'lllcmeiit. Suli.sei|iieiilly. in April, l.^:.'!, the llrilisli i-i.ilnis aliniiiid in ihat cnmiiindil \ . He h.-id made
fi'ive. under ."sir Arciiiliald t ',iiiipliell, desp.-itched .•u,'aiii-t siMial liips lliiilur, and aiwavs limiiMhi -i me ipiick-
the liiirmese, a^seiiililed in the hirlinur, where snme silver alniiLTwilh him. Snliie fakirs Wnlild Imii have
nf the ships relniined .iliniit a mniilh ; hut it was iml accnmpaiiii d him in his \i.\aL;e.s, tail Ic Wnuld imt
fniiml pn.ssilile nil that necasinn. inme than mi ,iii\ sutfr ihcin. Iieeaiise, he said, he cmild ml eiii,'aj,'e fnr
nihil', Ineslalilish any inlercmirsc wiili ihe n.ilives, iheir safely amniii; lii> cnunlrymen '
w Im nmittcd iin nppiirlunily nf dis('har;;iin; llnir 'I'he naliM', whnse ]ilininj;raph appears iil p. 206, w.-is
ai'inwsal all the Kiirnpeans whiicame w ii hin iheir re.icli captured hy .in Kmilish expidilimi. carried nil' tn ( 'ul
The Little Andaiiian wiis visited in NnM'nilier. cnila, and died there nf cniisiimptinn. ilewasalwaxs
\!^'J'>, \iy thi- fill/ Killii' iraii^pnrl, fnr ihe pnrpnse nf sad and niel.'inchnly — like a wild luasi in a ihii — imi
pi'neiii'iiiL,' w.'iler fn|' ihc ii-nnps w hich she Was cnnvev liei'ce. Iml i;lnmny and silent — and linaily mnpeil liiin-
ilii,' tn Iiaiiu'nnii. when the iiihaliilants shnwed an selflndealh. The llrilisli Jeiial .settlelmnt w liich linw
eipially fierce dispiisiiimi, .iiid emleavniired, as iicirlv exisi>inlhe Aml.im.in Islands, can hanlly he .said tn
as pnssilile, tn nlistruci nnr ] pie while tilling iheir llniirish ; imii'i'd. ll Iijcif nf sliikini; ti rrm in the
w.iter c.'isks. This small island ilnes nut pn.s.sess aiiv minds ii\^ the niuliiimis snldiery Inn iiij; hceii .•iceoiii
ii.irliniir. Iiul has Inlcralile aiichnraiie near the shnre. plished. il will nmst ]irnlialily snmi lie yiveii up as
The .\iii|aiiiaiis had a vearlv ciistnm k\' \ isitiii" the
Nikniiar isl.'imis wii h.-^rcai nunilier nf small |iraliiis and ,' " ;','"".',"" ''l'!"'",' .'■''"'" "'" ""'''';' »-''^''" ''.^ V'''''''"' ■^''"'■
I ;ii;. .... 1 ■ ■ ,.1 v-.i Miidii- ihinulliin, in Ins aici.iiiil i.l llic I'.ii-I linliis, tli;,! tlic
kilhn-ni takin- prisniiers as many i,t^ ihe pnnr Nikn- Araliiai, .Krv ,.f a n,..niua,n In.m wlui,,',. nmltcn .-,lv, r tl,.«,,l,
liariaiis as they cniild nvclc. Ihe N iknli.'irians is wliat n'lilly pivc nrit;iii in tlu' slory nl i|iiicksllM r iniiics
at last jnined iheir Inrces. and Ljave ihe cannilials li.illle, i-xistini; in Ihc interior nf the Aiufiinan islaiiil, lail ratliiT
I'Mlitiiin liumillmi's ntvii stiitcini'iit, hI.cm lie mi_\s lie km w iiiic
. . I'irj.'ii«..ri. wlin cuininiiiiilid a sliiji tVciii l'"i>rt Si.' liii.ri.'«'. liiuinl
r.ilhni; 111 will, 111,. l:ii!,l, s.nt a l".i,t .ni slmi-,. « ill, l,„ii,ls 1., ,■,,1 li'.in. .MaJM,,',, to licoL';,!, in cniiiiiiv uitli aiiollii'r sl,!|., ^.oiru'
w..n,l ; tlio i,i,.ii kiii,ll,',l a lire anil saw silv, I' n,i. Iron, ii, w|,ic|i t,,o i„.:,r oi I'ilic.\,i,l ,n islanils", was driven, li_v llii-'"|onr
ihanly inilu'at.'il 111, !',' was :, mill.- ot this ii,cl..l ill llic ph,,.,.; 111,. y ot a si roiiL' I'lirrcnl . oi, -"iiii' rocks, ,i,iil il„. slii|i was lo>i. '1 1„.
Mii(i|.iil tliiTilorcas ii,\i,-l, ol'tlic .ai'tl, or ore, a.s llii'v tl,oi,L'l,t lit", other sliip was ilriven lhroiij,'h a ,'liaiiiiel lietwi.M two of the
lut, as Ihi'v Hi're pn cicilii.^r on their voyiiL'e, tl,e\ ini'l will, such , same islamls, anil w»s not alilc to assist the i<hi]iHreck,'il eie".
H M'Jini, that to lii:l,|,.„ Iheir si,i]i, they were miller Ihe lieeissily lilil neilher l-'eruiuson i,or ali\ of his |,e,.|,le were ev,T ninr.' laalii
ol ■.liroHint; iilltheiroie overliiwril. .^ini-ellial tiiaethe ninniilaiii of, which LTave -roiiml to eniijecliire thai tliev were all .levonreil
'"'■ ' I I'ai'ehil y .soiifxlit, Iml il hus never since hien fnuni' ; hj those sav;v,' eaniiilials.
\
Ilr.l ll
ll> <l llli'lll.
II' Alli|;llilMll
' iiliipiil I'diiv
1 1'ln.H 111' i|i_.,._
I «;i> l;iki'ii
iij III iiii'ii'\ .
All,
till.;
.' lllllnllL.' lllr
ii.'iilariSj iliis
■liv'ii'ii. ■•iiiil
III lii- li
Ilin Il.'llJM'
1 Irtillilii T.
■r. .■Hill lli|.
ill- In L,'i> III
iilnl ( llllln
mill I iiiiii<>l
i>liiliil liiiiv
>t I if tllll.M'
lin.st (i' till'
iiliuiil (iiir
ill-- n| ji.y
,l,MV !■ Ilirlii
.\ Iiihiliiiii.^
till III Willi
Imvi' per
lie Wiiv til
T I "II, III
IIL'llt MJuIi:,'
luilt III
Aiiil.'iiiii
rti'llill lint
liiiiiL't' lor
2o6, M
til (•
sinl til
in till-
Uiui Alr\-
'. Iliiit tin:
. r tl..\Mil,
l\ I r iiiiiifs
ill! nilliir
km w line
IL'I'. lli'llll.l
I'l'. i-'i'ii.;:
till' (■..i(v
..>!. -Jl,,.
"II lit' I 111'
I
VIRGIN FORKST IN RAR-MRur.AK ^Nl'IAN UCKAN).
fl^
I J
Jl I ,
Ifel ii'' ; ,!
r«
I'Al.M IRIK IN tiRLAT AMiAMAN.
■, I
I I
:lil:
'.U ' .'! T
THE ISLANDS OF THE LNDIAN AND EASTKltN ^E\S 243
ist ]ii(nisi)oii, and remain in i>i>rt ri'tiiilini,' tluir
an «x)>priment at onoe cruel and iisolcss. To cxpeot
tip n'chiim siivajjcs l)y a-isciriatiiij; tln'iu wilh tlmse
wlioMi civilisi'd society lias thrown out from itself, is
like an atteniipt to bring n[i an infant child by ft'ediug
it with poisouL
v.— SINGArORE.
FlloM the Nikciliar Islands tlh' Austrian ex]>c-
dition inadf the best of its way to Sin:;a|(iiri', when'
tli(!y were entertaiiieil at the " ma!;nifii-eiit hotel,"
•• Ks|M'ranza," at 11 cost of 3^ Sjianish dollars, or I'J
frillies [)er diem.
" Siiig.ilioie," said our Austrians, " is a free jiort in
tiie full aeee|itaMee of the word, open to the tla;,'s of all
nations, without any distinetinn, and its limises of
eommeree behnif,' to inerehants who jirofess the most
various relij;ions. This unlimited liberty lias iiujiressed
a prodigious aetivity upon the eity, and gives to it the
eharaeter rather of an American colony than of a town
in Asia."
Libertv of > press is also as extended as can bo
iiossllily desired, and iiitidiectual deM'lopinent is
coiisecpiently very rapid. The two principal journals
would be creditable in Kuro|H^ ; one is an hebdomadal
i'luriial, the Si aiidpure ' ree jV'e»'.< ; the other is an
e.xeelliuit inoiitiily re\ie\v, the Journal of the Indian
A rrh i/>iliKju.
Ill his character of ethnologist, ^I. Scherzcr was
permilteil to visit the penitentiary colonies, in which
lie some 2,000 convicts, men and women, trans-
eirgoes of silks, teas, and other iirodncts, until the
south-west monsoon is fairly set in, when they return
to prepare for another voyiis;e, and thus keep up a
succession of iM'iiodieal trading visits. They bring
large numbers of enti'rprising Cliiiie.se emjgrant.s,
together with abundant supplies of dullars, teas, sill ■;.
chinaware, citrous, cas>ia, nankeens, jjild thread, and
the thousand iiickiiaekeiies for wlijih ( 'Innese iii;;eiiuily
is famous. Tiie town of tjiiigaporo is built upnii an
island, sejiaiated from the Malay Peninsula by a
uanow and scarcely navigable strait. It was. in
ancient dav.s, the capital of the kiiiL;dnni of .Alolurci.
The old city was built in the twelfth eentiiiy, and
eoiKpiered iiy a chief I'roui Java, who traii>fened the
roval residence to Molucca. The |ilaee became a haunt
for (lirates, whoso spirit still haunts the place in the
native models of the tine .sailing .Malay ]uo\vs. The
Kugli.sh finally |mt down the Mui.sauce by taking pos-
session of the town, by ariaiiueiMeiit with the nominal
liajali, in 18 ID. The imports and e\i i ts about
balance each other, and are e.ieli about ln;,r millions
annually; as against a million ami a ipiarter in 1^2.J-l'ti.
Huge warehouses and .storehouses border the harlaair
and the (|uay.s, the ]irinei|ial inerehants occu|iyiiig com-
modious and ta.stefid residences fronting tlu' bay, in
striking constrast with the frail teiienieuts of tin-
AFalays and the tiltiiy domiciles of the Chinese, who
number nearly (J0,000 as against about oOO Kuidiieaiis.
The other inhabitants, to the extent of I'o.dild, ale
made u]i of Jews, Arabs, Malays, and iiativis of the
]iorted from all parts of ]5ritiii India. Cajitaiu ! neighbonriiigcoiintries ; these coiistitntetlieslio]ikeeping
.McNair, the governor, made a )..'eat number of these j and middle classes ; the Chiiieso, who are evciyv.here.
convicts, arranged according to their nationality, detile ' the wandering and hanlwiu king Irish of the J'jistern
before the Austrian «at'(i«<, and it was, hesay.s, with
the liveliest interest, that ho jiassed in review the
miKscular bodies and energetic figures of Chinese, M i-
iaharians, Ilindhus, La-scars, and lialf-castcs, people
of all colours and description of hair. In the interior
of the jirison, they are separated according to the cate-
gorv of their crimes ; and thus one traverses the divi-
Seas, acting as the artisans, tishermen, labourers, and
small dealers of the place. All religions arc represented
and have t'.ieir ))lace of worship. The Chinese lets
grow his tail, and smokes his opium, and burns incense
to Joss ; the Arab sports his tiirlian, invokes tlu' name
of the prophet, and prostrates himself within the
mosiple, while the European shaves his beaid, drinks
ion of thievi'.s, of niiirdercrs, of jiirate.s, itc. ; a system London porter, and taki's his seat in the church pew.
(if distribution which is ]iarticularly intere.stiiig to a
phrenologist. The governor ami the gaoler are Euro- j
peaus apiiointed by tlii^ tioveriimeut, but almost all the I
assistants are convicts promoted for gcK.d bch iviour.
•'In such a visit, necessarily siipeificiai," says M
There are Chinese temples, .Muhammadan iiiosipi s, and
Christian chu'i'lies.
The rides .ibiait the city are most delightful, and the
bamboo and the rattan fence fill the eye with biaufy.
As a stopping place, and .supply for I'oal, Siiig.ipore is
Schcrzer, '• the jirison of Hingapore appearod to me | of great importance to the English mail steamers. 'J'ho
like a city, the hygienic or sanitary conditions of wliicli wealth}' and enterprising I'eninsular and Oriental
are excellent, where dwells an active, indu-Jriou.s, Suam Navigation Company have elected at >ew
eucrifctic jiopniation, subjected to habits of order and II;irbour, al out two and a half miles fii'iu the town, a
regularity, admiuistc-.ed by a strong and deeply re- , magnilieent depot, comprising,' piers, wharve.s co.ilsheds.
s]iecteil authority, and ollering all those gnarantcv ',
which .are, as yet, only .sought for elsewhere."
The port of Singapore is a great resort for shi))s of
all nation.s. Ve.s.sels fnun China, Siaiii, .Ma'..i,i,
Sumatra, and the various com mereial countries of Knrope
and .\meriea, are to be seen anchored to;.'ether at tlie
same time, and to Singapore the products of all jiarts
of the earth are bnuight for reciprocal exchange.
Commerce being actively conducted flourishes there
heyund the most .singuine antieipafions of those
enlightened and cnteiprisiiig men who but a few-
years ago established Singajiore as a free jmrt. The
resources of Siugapoie itself are scant, but its traile
embraces (Jhiiia, India, and tlio Archi|ielago of the
Kastern Sea.s, Australia, Europe and America. The
junks come down from the Chinii Seas with the uortli-
(containing a supplv of I'o.di tons', store-liou.-es and
other bnihliugs, such as would do credit to any colonial
establishment. Singapore is in the course of the
regular mail route between liiili:i. China, Aiistialia, and
Euro|e, and is the centre of a enii.stant jiostal eeuimu
nication, by means of the Knglish and m r more
Dutch ste.-mers, with Hong Kong, I'enaiig. llatavia,
Shanghai, Calcutta, Madras, Heiigal, lioiiibay. Ceylon,
the Mauritius, <,'ape of (iood lloiie, and by the lied
Sea with Kumiic or America. Free trade has done all
this within forty years; fiu- in If* If Singapore was
but a point for pirativs, and containccl h'ss than 200
half savage and halfstarveil Malay inhabitants within
ruin.'d V all.s.
In a military and geogr.i|ihical ]ioint of view. Singa-
jMjre is of great importance to England. |ly tni iiis of
! I
■i : I
! ri ii!
m
t\ t
!
2fl
ALL ROUND THE WOULD.
it, iind witli an efTectivc naviil furcc, tlip cntriiiico tu tlio
CliiiiPse Si';w may at any tiiiit: Ins oniiiiiainlt'il. Its
|Hisit:on is vastly ailvantatfeinis in a coiiiiiiurcial j)i>intof'
view, it l)('iiig now rcgarrled as tiie eiitrejMit for tlio
iiei<»lilHmrin<5 kin<;(lonis of Sumatra, Jiornen, Siani,
Cambotlia, ami CochinCliiiia.
After a rcsiilLTice of a weeiv at Siii<;apoi-e — wliero thu
members of till! expi'rlitioii were liuspitilily entertained
by tLe wealthy (Jliitiese merchant, Wliim|i;i, wliose
son studied at Klinl)ur^h, !iis tail tucked up under
his hat — the iVoniAt Siided for Java, the |)araihst! of
the Malays.
VL— AN EXdUESIOy IX .JAVA.
Thkir weeii's stay at ."^insapore, liad rendered
tlio -Vustiian exploratory expeilition — from tlie report
of one of whose memlMMS wo derive the following
.uTount of tlie most recently publislieil visit to Java —
fully prepared to enjov the Tariiilise of the .^^alays, as
that glorious island is designated, lu thu Eastern Ocean.
On the 5th of May they cast anclior in tlie harbour of
iiatavia.
I Krom the port to the town is a tedious hour and a-
I lialf trans|)ort by canal ; it really seems lus if the Dutch
liad built their city so far from the sea cx|ircs.-lv for the
jiurpose of having a canal transit to remind them of
their own country.
iiatavia is very far from jiresentiiig scein s uf coni-
niercial activity such as are witnessed at the recently
opened port of Singapore, and that notwithstanding its
long establishment, its import.-inee, and its exceptional
jiosition, whie'i ouglit to have assured its )iie-emiii' nee.
I £ only siw there, siiys our ex]peditionist, sixtv-tive
European vessels, and one hundred and twenty to one
liuiidred and liftv luggei-s, niiiiined by Chinese and
.M:days. The cause of this inliuioiity is owing, in the
first phice, to the exorbitant jirottvtion that Jiataviii
1 enjoys. In the second, to the means of traiisjiort being
I too costly. The little boat that took us from the ship
I to the ]port charged about eight shillings English nioiiev,
! and the cai'riage to Moleuviiet or Weltviedeu tJireu
VOLCANO IN JAVA.
and a half florins, or about six .-hillings. Further, it
is absolutely neeos.-.ary to traii.-.]xirt all incui.ibrances,
boxes, trunks, an<l portmanteaus to the town ; there is
no one to take charge of them at the port , neither
workmei; or merchants or merchandize.
With its H<j.-'><n) inhabitants (.^,.'i7u Europeans, 8U0
iliiidhus and Arabs, i8,4l»0 Chinese, and the rest
Javaneset Hatavi.i covers a supeilicii-s ecpial to tli it of
Paris of IS-C' ; it.s houses arc far ajiait from one
another, ami, often surroiiiel.'d by gardens, fiehl.s,
meadows, an I even parks I'he old town, liuilt ujion a
marshy and unhedtliy spot, whiiii obiaiiu'd for it the
epithet of [he (fieat ('einetery. is no h.nger inhabited by
Euro|MMns Its hands e buildin;,'s ami its vast hotels
are tr.insforined i!;to otfic.-s. magazines, and counting-
hoii.ses, which are abandoned iM'foie > veiling .sets in,
when business men hurry away to Weitvreilen, which
ha,s sprung u|) within the hust ten years to be a charm-
ing town.
Mr. I'ahiid, gcivernor of this islaml, inslnieted one
of lii.s aid de-camps to accoiu[iany us to the dilferent
, regencies ; l)r. Uleeker, out' of the most distinguished
j niiturali.sts of Java, also proffered his services An
' itinerary was arranged, so that wo should see the most
in the smallest po.ssible .space of time, and messengers
were dispatched to announce our apj roach, and jirepare
our re)pasl and lodgings.
t.hi the l.'ith of May, three carriages transporti'd
the whole company from the metropolis to IJuitiiizerg
(Saiis-Souii), the residence of the ( iovernor (ieneial.
We had travelled <i7 kilometres in three houn and a
half, e\ery halfdiiiur we changed horse.s, wliidi never
broke from a gallop. Kever ilid horses travel .so fast,
even in Hungary. Human labour, that is to s^iy the
labour of slaves, cos* o little in Ja\a. that instead of
Jiroviding the wheel: til di.igs, a dozen poor wi etches
are em|)loyed at the steej) descents to catch hold of the
wheels with ro|(es and hold them back.
B11iten7.org boitsLs of oiiC of the most beautiful
botanic gardens in the world ; its arrangement should
serve as a model to our gaideiis of jilants ; eceli family
being cultivat.e'l with all its species in a special sipiire.
' I
the Iiai-lMiiir of
la Iiiiiii' and ;v-
us it'tlic Dutch
i|irfs.-ly i'ui- tlic
iiiiud tliciii of
Wtll S of CDIll-
t till- ifccntly
itlistaiiiliiii; its
it.s i'.\c( ptional
|ire-(iiiiii.iic(..
iiist, t-ixty-livo
twenty to oik;
Cliiiicsi! ami
f«iii.i,', in tlic
tiiat JJatavia
aii.sj>ort hoirij;
I'loiu the ship
ii;,'iisi! iiioiifv,
vredeu three
stinguishnl
\ ill's All
■e tiio most
lllfSSflli^'ITS
ml jiri'iiaii'
niiispoitiMl
JJiiiti'iizcrg
ir-lieiii'ial.
oiir.'i ami a
llidl IK'Vl'l-
vel so Cast,
to Say tile
ills' tad of
r w iitclics
lold of the
lieautifiil
lit should
ill Camily
ul sipiire.
ppwff
I i
lU
!' I
■.-^
f —
' // 11///'/ li A I n /// /// / ii I /// "
1
!
W
ii -i i
.''.i ill
\'
I !
,vV,,
f <
^■/•^^'"''' III
I:
ill
I'll'
I ■ I
t!
THE ISLANDS OP THE INDIAN AND EASTKRN SEAS
246
At Suns Souci I wax iiitiii<)uc<Ml to ii ymiij; iii'l;ii>, liranclu'S (li'coniliosiiii,', loni; climbini; jilniils (lidnes)
Alaiii.si liiiaclii, sun nl' a |n-inci! of Kuiiiasi, caiiilal ol Iwislinu like sci'|iciits khukI iIh' twi's. or sii>|M>ii(lf(l
till' Asliaiitis, oil tlir >;olil('ii coast. A l)iitcliiiiiii, in tin- air liki' liaiiiiiioik^ of li'lia^;!', lull of liinU' ll^^t.s.
tliat m'!{roi's arc (irailiially tlic co|i>c.s anil nnilcrwoud, willi liranclica
ic white covered witli Ion.; ili'|ii'Milenl nio.s.scs of a .silverv gri'cn,
usliiiii; to jprove to Ins oountrviiu'ii
caiiai'lc ol
f a (lc\el"|iineiit ei|Ual to that of tl
raw, induced the jiarents of Akuasi, wlio was at tliat }{ave way in thiii' turn to mere i.-ol,itcd chiiii| s of
time nine yens of a;;e, to entrust tlii.s child ami his cover, and then a'_'ain to a few stunted siiiulis, win
lirother to him. in oriler that lie inii,'ht ^ive them an trunks and lirauches crawled aloii^ the lockv snrl'a<'e.>
Ki
•an eiluc ition.
ir writhed thcinseUcs into the crevices in order th(
'I'iie cxiMri'ui'nt succeeded adinirablv. Aktiasi iearni'd Inttcr to shelter themselves from tl
le winil ami eo
III.
did
st'nily llutch. Kimlish. French, and (!crman;he ,'ind enjoy the luat derivcil from the soil. J'.cvond
,'V .it KrcvlMii,'. in Sa.\onv, under the the liin' of these slnnli d shrubs were a coai-e,
hort
ilioli ol' the celeliratcd Iieiiihard ( 'otta. lie .il
so i.'i-a--s on till-
l.<
came a < 'liristian,
His liiniher returned to thedold sicriie and naki d
>utlierii slojie, and then nothing Imt
i.'ithed ill a moist foi,', w liich
< 'oast, where he lio|iecl to introduce some elements of t;r.idii.illy Ipccamc so dense as to |ircvenl lis seiin^r one
CIV iiisjition ; luit he '.vas as.sa.s.sinatcd as guilty of re\o- niiolhcrat a dist.ince of a hiindicd jiaccs. W'e were
lutioiiary lcndeiicie.>< ; thu l)ook.s that lio had broiiL;ht a|i|p|oa<liiiiLr the suiiimit.
Iioiii Kuro|M' were looked upon ii.s evil spells, and he It was witii no snial
asnre that we were en.ibhil
Ic
biMiii^'lit .ibout a linal ci'isis ill the pa.ssioiis of the retro- to olil dii shelter at this elevation in two wdodcii ! it.s.
adc ]iarty by th(! introduction of u macliinc for where a ;;onilly lire had been lighted for us, and a repast,
ca\ ing. niadi' ready.
'['he Iditch goveriiiiiciit a|ipointed Akuasi mining The next morning at fnc o'clock we were a toot
cMi'incer III .lava.
Iv exaiiiiniiii,' the statu of the
W
e were also iiitfoibiced to a native artist, Itadi
weather. At .seven
till
Sileh, whose turn for painting had developeil itself , it of ( o'dcli in front of tis. (.S'C p. :; I 1.1 I
a very early age. (Jovernuicnt sent him to study in mile long, w il h its (laiiks liroken into |
I'.iiiope. where he remained twenty! Iiree years. Since to si
a little, and we could perceive the crater
t was upwaidsofa
recipici sfroiii six
le .so near
veil hull. bed feet liiudi. and seemed to 1
lis retiirn
to I'.ata
ivia. he reccned an annual |ii'iisioii ot tli.it we t.incii d tlial we could throw a stolic from tl
•,(MlO francs, with tl Iv oldiLration of iiaiiitiiiL; from I'
iinu'craiigo into ii-
biiriiii
ig ciati-r.
I
nliickilv, tl
me to time a picture fir the King of lloll.iud. lie is weather reiiiained iiiilavourablc and wc could oiilv
a landscape painter, and has much merit ; imt he hi
at the ma^niliccnt Mciie wiiich the ilciisc \<il of
not oveivo
lie all the dlllicillties of his art, and he II
lucli fo^ hid Irolii us below
ic.fret.s his abs"n.e from Dresden and I'ari
I
I-'
itcd here from the rest of thi
dition
We vis'ted I'olidok Jedeli. (Jadok, 'rijpanat, Megan- and went with a compaiiion to llaiideiig. where I
(or the mountain.'
in the cloinls)
ids), wliicli atta
ived at III
It 1
iibictcd to the house ol'
1 cIcNatioii of nii^h "(.(MM) feet above the .sea. The the regent, lladhen Delhipati-wira-natii-Kusuma, win
ithorities had us coinbicled from village to village, f^ave us a splchdid rcieplion, combined with tl.e most
d ten to tweiitv lioiscmeii rode behind our can
rrfcct Kuii
in comfort ; one would ha\c hesitated
dressed ill their be^t unit'ornis. with paper shakos; in lielievin^' one's self the host of a Javani'.-c lord, had
upwards of forty slaves oi seivanls preceded us at each it not been tor the oiieut.il cosiiiines and the number
station.
Th^
le natives, and even the native function, ofslav
es w lio c
.either knelt or most rated lhem-.clves as we went bv. bcti
irel
t oil their bellies to oiler Us pipes and
.\t Tjiaii .l.iN.ir. a iia'ive chief followed our cirriage on 'flic next day the geoloi,'ist. Juniihiihn, inspector ot
ir.-cback, in a pouring rain ; lie wore a rich uiiil'oriu, the planialious ot' eincliona. ai
had
a salary ol
and rejoiced ill the name or title of t'oaheii liaiigiri
I'.itm.i-Nai'ar.i.
.I'lll! tl.
lias a year, was ci\
'rcat malt w lieie t
In tl
le Holies o
f d,
riyiiig enormous ]iroht troiii tin
deli
ivcr up I heir i
il enough to shew us llie
he ]ilaiitcr.-- ol the liciiciicy hail to
Ii e. as also tfcir other lUMilnce, to
I'
;ain at whatever
.peculation, government has had a large number of goyenimcnt. which sells it
1 inchoiiti trees planted at 'I'ijpoila. and they have pros- price it chooses to name,
piled well. Several of these trees have already given , The Hegelicy of ISandong |irodiices annually 1(10.11
perfectly ripe seeds. lint it lia-s not been deterniined ipiintals of collie, that of I'rcang L'Oli.OdO, ,nid t
it if the clieinioal elements of the bark pos.se.ss all the whole island about one million of i|uintal:
lirtue.s of those of the I'cn
'f the iitiiio-t importance to the island, and to all these 211. ,Sile. tin
uviaii tri'e. This is a ipiestiou (bivernmeiit ]lay^
inwliolesome tropical coillitries.
liatii
to the producers ol' riandolig
.il deposited at the mart : bill at
(Via It iiays ratlicr iiiorc than i lloriii
th
'II
ISeyon I Tijpoda, we passed several I' isaic'iahauis. or colli
to ■2\ lloriiis to the Dutc
laces of relu^'c liir trayellers when overtaken by a
Mat
.scliaiiie, w
liich, ill its turn, has tin
A narrow path
w.iv. sliithtlv railc
d olf
monopoly
II- ol ex]iortatiou. and iii cohm
iiiiiiiodity tor the great market of Kiir
piencc, ot jmrchasing tlii:
Ml
ducted us to a ravine, out of which buriiiiu; \apoui
issued forth. fhey came from a boiling timntaiii and upon monopoly ! Saciiliceol iiunibers liir tin benelit
ipoly
hundred leet.
if a few ! The advaiitauc of
one or twai individuals
At till
lit of I'ondak-I'
■lock in the afternoon wc attnineil the; obtained at the penalty of millions! I'njiisl policy
iinucrango.
The thermometer and inextricable coiifiisi
larked only •■' ', deijives. We had left the great ma.ss From l.ciiibaiig to Tjaiigoer, where we rejoined the
it yegetiition tin- soim> time |ircyioiisly behind us—, expedi
travei-seil I L'S kiloiuct
res in s
ix 111
tl
le gri'.it trees, w
itii their hii;;e branches, the dense always :;,illoping.
dome of leaves, the dark cover of
whether ill ascents or descent
befii
At
ii'.i.-sulatetl plant.s, arborescent herbs, trunks
gigantic Icriis, sucli a rate it was an easy matter to arrive betore night
•t in at the New Year's festival, given by tin: rcgiiit
i':
8i6
ALL ROUND TFTR "OftLn.
of the jirovincc. An inimeiiHO concnui'sc nC |m'o|i1c We eiii|iloyed scvenil ilavs in tiikiiii» tlie nienxiiri'-
tillcil till- iipiirdai'lics iiimI tlif court yiinl of tlir |(iilii«'i'. mt-iits of a great niuiilx r of individimls in tlic buiTiii'k:),
Tlu' ni'Hivst rrliitivcs of tlif di^'nitiiry liatl lifou in- |iriMuns, and hoH|iitiil8. A jinwcnt waa also ni.ulo to
Ntiiiird iK'iii'ath the covt-rnl vcrunilali, or j{ailci-y, in us of fifty-four cninia Wlonging to the most diverse
front of the mansion. To see the demonstrations of races.
srrvih- inniiility wiiieli they were so piiHli^ral of to I _ Our ilhistrations represent a native village in the
his Kxeclleney, wo should never have guessed that ' interior of Java (See p. 214), aud one of the dumutous
they l«'lun;;ed to the same family. The Euro|(eans, J ▼olcaiiocs of the i.-laiid. (See p. 244.) These nunihcr
specially invited, alone entered the saliMMis ; the oidy forty-five, of which twenty to twenty three are in activity,
Japanese present was Madame the llegent, — a short, and iire described in Huniboldt'g " Cosmos."
black, and fat IhmIv. lilaek ma.s.ses huddled around] 'i'hns far in Java we have travelled with the jpiive dull
us : thev well- slaves pit'sentini; snutf Imixcs, betel, and i Atistriaus: l.nt let us take Java in another view, that of
refrcshinent.s to those |iresent, dnisfginf; their way on tin? Young Merchant Abroad, wlio opens his eyes as we
all fours : these humiliations inflicted uimiu hnmanity • make Java Head, and ship after ship hi'aves in sight
atfeeted us in a very disagreeable manner. (Slavery, : lionieward bound, |)articularly from China. The higher
it is to be observed, was alKilishe<l in Java since the land can be seen at a great distance, ^^ lien on the jxiiiit
1st of October last, after ii frightful sacrifice of Eiu-o- j of I'rinco Edward's Island, and at Crosketon. The
pcansh.id taken jihiee.) Convei-satiou was carried on , foliage, the heat of the .sun's per|K'ndiciilar rays, and the
with ditKculty. for an iiice.s.sant and stuiiifying noise ! very air breathes the spicy fnigrance of the trojiics. We
was kept up with the ganu'long, or orchestra of bells,
liayaderes very scantily I'lothed, and excessively ugly,
executed .sentinu'utal and religious dances of a most
tedious description. Stitl', slow, and thin, these dam-
sels jumped like forks, with motions its gi-aceful a-s
tlio.se of the old sema]ihores or ti'lcgraph.s. The gover-
nor was kind cncaigh to ex|ilain to ns that the dance
was meant to re|iresent the touching lii.story of four
sisters, who, lost in a forest, implored from tlie Divinity
the return
liave jHissed Anjer, the corner and grand toll-gate of
the Stmits of Sunda, early in the morning, and liere
the light-house, the little township, tlie |iort, and .the
monster banyan tree, could be plaiidy s<'en with tlio
gla&s, as, with the wind fre.shening up, we jias'ed
jiroudly along tlie Straits of Sunda at too riijiid a pace
for the Javanese boatmen, who shoot out fr< ni the land
all along the shore to sujiply you with fruit i:nd pro-
The coa.st scenery makes a beautiful picture-
visions,
f their mother. This was followed by j the towering foliage and jiatchcs of cultivation, clear
iiiphic enterlainiiient- -a dance of eight ! to the mountain to]i, and the hidf-niunned jirnhus or
another chort
warriors, accoinpaniccl by the ]icrpetual ganielong. I fishing smack.s, with their bamlioo niasts and leatlier
The same delectable music delighted the ears of | sails, dotting the water in the distance, ns we passu]
those who Were without in the court-yard. Hideous island after i.shind, and buoy after buoy, kec)i the
masks, on foot and on hoi-seback, circulated" tlu-re, ; fancy ali\e. The anchor drojiped, and the guard shi]p
amidst the crowd. A mu.ssulinan [iriest was also liowl- j answered, wc quickly jajU nslKPii ,and juni])intoaliO(idcd
iiig fearfully as he danced on hot a.shes, near to a liia.ss I ]iha>ton, draxMi by little wretched liorses, and pass
• if burning wooil ; othei-s jninpeil in, their feet elo.scd, a'ong tlie canal .side, by which are stored warehouses,
and daiiceil aw.iy fmntically At last the ])rii'st him- all white and covered with tiles, with trees all ]ilaiited
self joined them, and the shouts and gesticulations be- along, which shadctl us 1 rautifully. Tlie nierdiants'
c-ame furiou.s. This representatiou had probably some offices and counting-honM s areas large as therecejition
signification of religiou.< expiation, at lea.st it would
have been deemed as such in ancient mysteries. We
afterwards witnes.seil <-onjuring trick.s, only calculated
to make the hair of one's head st^ind on an end. Young
men cariving tufts, armed with exceedingly sliarp
lances, pretended to stab themselves in the forehead,
eyes, cheeks, breast, and lower part of the body. They
turne<l in a circle, ami the body inclined forv aids,
littering tiightfiil yells, with niovemeiils that grew
more and more savage and convulsive, and there wa-s
room of an Anierican hotel, and the warehouses are so
connected thai the merchants can walk from one to
the otlier along the M'rniidali, on the second story,
without the trouble of going below ; the floors are
covered willi matting, and the windows and doors are
thrown o|ien for tlie current of ai'' to circulate on all
sides, and at midday the desks of flu- principals are
fanned with a machine, the nioti\e jiower of which
is a little Malay urchin behind the door. At the
several desks yi; see Kurojieaiis ; liut all the natives
respite till they fell in a corner exhaiiste<l and' of the East are represented: a long-tailed Chinaman
Moody. And then the infernal ganielong began again. ' with a very white nuaistacbe officiating as cashier;
All infinity of s(piibs and rochets were let off, besides a Malay book-keeper, nn Ari.b salesinan, a half-caste
ijunibcrs of St. Catherine wheels ; but the chief fire-
wcirk was a frightful .serjK'iit of fire, upwards of twenty
feet in length, which wac moved about by invisible
hands, the undulations and even ti.e hissing of the
reptile being imitated with terrible ](recision. At last
the gamelcuig ceased its .stunning noise
Next day we returned to the governor's house at
Buiteiizorg. J[. Pahud lives a very retired life, con-
writi'r, and a di zcii and a half subs, of all nations,
coo|ied alMiut in every direction, witli as little clotliing
as ]iossible about their bronze-looking ■linib.s. Tlie
warehouses run from street to street, the floois of
wliicii are brick, and for such a climate the building is
•liiite cool. Tobacco in Uirgt casks, arrack (not the
jKjisone.l liipior of Biitish India) in ]iipes, sugar in
bags, and matted casks of coffee and rice, s]iiccs,
vci-smg with few ]H.'i"sons, save his aide (le-camp and his indigo, rattan and d\e-woods, and imjmrts consisting
d.uightcr, whose husband had a short time ])reviously of every article tliat can be .sold or Imrtercd. Most
been assa.ssinated by some Malays, before his eyes, business is done throiigh agents or brokers, many of
I'iiis siiK ere nuairning contrasted painfully with an them nr.tives ; and th«' stranger would think the nier-
oflicial etiipiette, the stillness and iiiinutire of wliich chant led a most indolent life, .surrounded as lie is
ran only be coiii|)ared with tlio.se of the coast of S|)ain with such a tnnijie of retainers to bring him his )iat,
in the la.st a{,'es. What good puqiose ihies it serve? | brush fiff a fly, fan liini in mid-day, and in short do
m
.i y ii'' i' I li .. ,1'^
■SltfiMnMMiMHHiMatCpib
i I
il'l M
1 '
TllK ISLANDS OF TllK INDIAN AND EASTERN SEAS.
:i7
itliiicist I'Vcrytliiii^ Ilia talk iiinl write. Ivrry ir.iii'<
iirliim in i|iiiii> li_v s'liiliiiK ;ii>li;s tV iiii oui' olliiv to tlio
iitlii-r ; mill iis ym ii'itii'i' wliiit i.-i ^niii;; on, ynu ciiiiiKt '
liilt 1)1' iiiiiiHi'il In -.1 chit" aftir •' rliil" liri)ii>{lit ill
itiiil ."I'lit nil'. ti>iii-liiii;» eliiirli'rH, naU-n, |iiiifliiisi's, i'zi\
Kvi'i'y iiii'i'iiiiiiil iiiiist liMi II till- .Mill ly iaiiijii.iai', for it
is i\\i' liiiijii't /'/•iiiir(i i>f till' linlinli NiM-i ; aii<l lie must
kisn III! wi'll ii|i ill till' Kii^iisli, Kri'iirli iiimI hiiti'li.
No I )iit>'liiiiiiii iMli <'iiiiiiimiiil II slii|i iiiili'ss ho ciui I
s|H'iii\ Klinlisl, mill Kri'lirh. Ymi nn lhlMiii;li oiii'
warriiDiisij — yuii -it lln' wlmli' — ami so it is witii tlm
|irivali' ri'siilriii'fs. 'I'hr iiicrrhaiits all lii'i'-'s in wliitf,
mill MDiiii'tiiiir- Iw r till liiiii's ii ilay. Our Imli'l
is ill tlio ciimiliy, wli '11' all tin- Kiiri>|i<'aiis liv •, a'njiit
I'oiir or livi' iniirs mit of town. l'",viM-y K if ijnaii riili's,
iiii'i'riiaiit ami I'Irrk, sra laptaiii ami siila'; iill an-
|iiii\ iilril with a |iliutiiii ami two p mirs. a ilriMT (a
swarthy fi'llow, with a h imlkt'ri'liiif r.niii I iiis loins us
liiti only livny), anil a Iny lii'liiml i'i|iiilly well
aocoiilri'il, iti-aiitit'ul tii-i's liiiu the i'iia<lsii|i', alont;
wliirli ail! tilt' s|iiiriim* I An stnrieil, ri'il tili'il ami wliito-
wallnl I'l'siilfiiri'sot' tlii' iiii'i'ihant. ()'ii' Imti'l is liku a
(.•aravaiisi'iai, with its Iw.i row lniii{ wini;-i of st iMin'^
for a hiinilrcil hm-MM aii>l out liuLlilinits for si'ix nits,
of wlioiii trniii si'vi'iity to oiif iiiiiiili'i'il I liron.{ I'ai'h hnifl ;
lari,'r sliaili' tri'i'-i, a sjii'iMi'suf li invauiiiili'onia-iiul.unilrr
wliiili ari' wooili'ii sc it -, spriMil tln'irshalow o\ i-r tin'
;,'nMniil ill fnmt, « liilc tin- rear en losure is tiileil with
{lowers aiiil ililVennt kin l> i.t fruit. All iluy Ioiil; we
.seem to lie eai ill',' anil ilriiikin,' ; a eu|i of tea, tnist,
eoli'ee, ami tilliii, iilways e.iniiii,' up, just as you feel to
want them. I'"ruits of ilelie mis llivniir. hut of un-
known kimls. Inal the taMe, ami a servant is always |
near to help yon. Vniir enifee is hr ui;lit tn your lied- 1
side, your tea to the veran lali ; your dress at nij^lit '
ami luoniinj; is of the easiest —a loose nowii. like a
jiiir of tr Misers, iiinl a mlie like a lalies' ninlit-dress
(as you may soiueliuies see them haiiilin.; over a clothes
line). The Women are eipiallv lasy in their attire, and
the Malay i;irls seem to he always in a hathiii',' dress.
The "Java Hotel IJeu'illatimis" read as fnllows : —
" Frmii M, till ■''i o'cloek ii, the iiinriiiiivj, tea and eoli'ee.
At iS o'eliiek in the ni'.itiii.i;, liroakf.ust. At ll', noon,
riee, eurry, ite. At I! p in , tea. At il.l p.m., diiiiiei'.
At H p.m., tea. At !• p.m., J^rog. lintel closes at
111,." All tills with In iLtiui;, fur 4s (Id. per diem.
(Jliaiupaifiip, IJurnunily. Ilnek, .Madeira, I'ort, and
Sherry, lieiiig 4s. (id. jier liottle, and Allsopp's I'ale
Ale a shilling the bottle. Yoii hire a Jiost carriage, ii
sipiare, hearse looking hox, with four ponies and a
-Alalay eoaehnian, with a hat like a )Miiieli-l)owl, with
rope traces and harness, and two postWoys to ride In'-
hind, and away vmi ^ > to view the country, at a wild
gillop, with miv;lity noise, the driver eraeking his \vlii|i,
the poslliiiys now yelling, n iw jiiiiipiiig otl" and niniiiiig
alongside the horses, over a level eountiy, and a iiolile
road tli.it e.\tenils right across .lava, through rice jilai.-
tatioiis ill every stage of cultivation, covei'ing sipiare
miles ; p.i4 vast niimliers of natives .staggeriiii; under
heavy lo.ids, and cart'* drawn hy ponies without a
liridle, and Initfaloes with a liauiltoo voke, lirini'int' in
the produce ; the distance lieing nrnamented with na-
tive villages (.N'.jc p. I'U), towering lunnnt.iiiis seen
at the di.stanee of a liitndred miles, covered almost to
the summit with teak-w.md forests ; long plains, the
water j)as,sing from lield to tield with the utmost regu-
larity, and rivers and cocoa-nut groves, deep ravines,
and irregular fields. At one place we see a Javanese
marriage: the :;riiwii jieople are .^itlillgon oiie side, and
ahout a Imndred little hrowii eiipiiU, lial'i* hacked and
painted, on the oiher. Itoniid all old Ihi.k Hits
the liaiid, with their instruments of diirereiit iiietuls
and skins a hideous di.seonl while a chid it
si.\ year-, dressed as an old woman, wiih
Imig hair and h arid mask, was walking with a Ira
gii'.il air, ami gestli nlaling in a very graNe niiinni r
up and down the platloini, to the greit delight of the
eliildreii. The sulilimity of nature in the interinr of
Java delies description. You m'c massive ruins of yn-l
ages, and luiri il places of native eliuls or llindliu
princes, and iiiimenM' native temples, and p.iss ihroiich
iiioiwt' r e^l.ilis of rice, ot suu.ir, and of collie ; you
smell the oil Mir of the spices, and admire the In anty nf
the riuiiiieg and the pepper ; the siiiLjiiig of J.imi liinU,
iiml ehirpiiig of insects and Ii/ irds, as you ride throiigli
the t'oresi ; the (ocoa groves, the cotton and liread liiiil
tre s ; the liinyau with its liranches t'l'.ing roet again
to support the parent tree; the mamrustiiie groves; the
ritl 111 winding itself aliout the te.ik-wood trees ; the
lumlioo feathering np aliove the rest ; the >iiiiplieity of
the native girls as tliev liatlie as inniicriilly I eliue yon
as you stand upon the river's luiiik, iioi liu,' the plunging,
siinjing, laughing, anil swimiiiin^' almiit- — imw lielow the
water and now aliove ; the Iri^litlul looks of .some ni
the older men and vvniueii, wlio.se shockiie.; custom of
chewing the lietel iiut, iiii.xeil wiih pepper plant and
toh.ieco, gives their li|is all unnatural red, ami lilaeki lis
their teeth till they resemljie charcoal ; the monkey
like iippearalice of the liahes and children, and the
llmnkiy themselves ; the immense held of native deir ;
the wild hoi,'; the tiger and the rhinocer.'.s ; the eas.si -
wmy, a huge hlaek hird, not unlike, I'Scept in eolonr,
the eniii of .Xustralia — when ymi have seen all these
Wonders nf this wniiderful country in a three linurs'
ride, you will come to a coiiclnsion tli it personal oliser-
vatioii will teach you more in one day than you laii
learn from linoks in an age. The whole po|iiilatinti nf
Java is eleven miHiniis, that of the Kuinpciiis eight
thousand. The army, mostly native tmops, is I l',(i(i(l.
There is ii ^ioveinorgeiieral, who siays live years in
ollice, a vice president, three eouncillor.s, a tinance
minister, a secretary of foreign atl'airs, director of the
interior, a maiiigei' of piililie works, a diiectii general
of the towns, and a lear-adiiiiral, who cniiiiiiaiids a
fleet of steam ships carrying t'rntii ten to two guns each,
with several steamer.s, one frigate of (ill guns, three fri-
gates of ■H guns each, two of '28 guns each, one of I'l'
i,'uns, two of 18 guns, and two of IL', under caiiva-, all
nianiUMl hy .'iSOD sailors.
The restoration ol Java to the Dutch l>y the English
government in ISOfi, has always heeii coiisideied a
great mistake, especially since the elleels of recent
drainasji! and improvements have shown that the much
dreaded niihealtliiness of the climate depended solely
oil care and iiidu.s'.ry for its sure reniuval.
VII.-TllE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
To return to the Xovnia, lier seientitic crew pro-
ceeded from .lava to Luzon (pronounced Lutlion), the
])riiicipal of the Philipiiine i.sland.s. Of this island, Man-
illa is the cal>ital, and also the name of the neiglilionr-
inU di.striet. Lu/.ju is the larjjest anil most northerly
of"air the Philippine group, approaching, at its north-
western extreii'ir'v, to within 400 miles of the south-
east eoiust of China. It has uu urea of 50,40-3 sjiian
11!
I
If ;
rr
IMS
ALL ROUND THE \VORLT>.
inil(>s. Ill sli:i|ic' mill si/i' it scitiii'wliiit nsriiiMrs ii
liriit ir.lii, wliiili iiira^i'ci'il alnil); tlic lu'lid, is liiiirc
lliiiii "i-id iinlc's III lcni;(ll. 'I'lic slinrcs nt" Lll/.oii uif
{••V till' iiii'sl jiiiit lorky, liiit imlciitril liy srviT.il u'ikiiI
liiiiliiiui-s, Im sicli's the niiisjiiititriil " I'mliiii ilc Mniiita, "
«liirli i-i mil' iif till' iMiiXi'st ^iiiil tiiH'st Imsi,:' in iln-
woiM. Till' L;riii'r.il rliMiMrlcr ol' tlic niiiiilrv is iiimiim
l.iiiiiiiis, liiit till' n'\ rrsi' 111 till' iiiinu'iliiiti' vn'inily nl"
M:iMill,i. Till' iHiiiili V i-i iiHl Ml lii'l :iM iiiii,'lit 111' t'X-
I'l'cli'il, liiiiii; "I n «!ilrrt'il liy l:iki's miuI rinTs, ;iiiil llu'
]'iiiiiilii':il r.iiiis « lii.li wadT I lie jilaiiis. 'I'lif I'liiiiali'
i--liirll\ lrii|iii'al ; llii' wi't sr,i ■ ii ruiiMMi'in-i's almiil
.liiiii'. is at its lii'i;;lit lu'twi'i'ii Aiii^iisl ami S('|iti'iiiliri-.
ami (iviT liy lln' lalirr cml nt' Nuvi'inln'r. alter which,
lliiTi' ai'i' ;;i'm'rall\ Iwn m- tliiri' niulitlis nt very iji'-
liulitt'iil wi'atiu'f. Willi till' tlioriMiiiiu'lcr as Inw as till',
I'lil till' i:ri'ali'st lirals an' iliiriiii,' April ami M;\\, \\ lii'ii
il lint llll(-.ri|llrlilly lisi'S til |l r Mllil ii|'«anls. 'I'llrsi'
islaiiils ail' siilijivi til carl lii|iialM's aiiil liiiiTirain's lln'
|iriiii'i|ial nt' till' Liiiiiip lii'iiii: "illiin lln' laiiu'i' nT ly
|iliiiiilis. ami tliiTi' arr srvcial \ nli-aiini's in ai'timi mi
tlii'iii. Ill 1 1! 1 7, a Mimiiilaiii « as li'\ I'lli'il. ami, in |lil."i.
a lar:;i' p.iii nt' llic I'ity nt' Manilla was ilcsiinyi'd liv
an lailli'inalii', mi wliirli lura^inn, ,'»tt,l)(MI |ii'rsmis ai.'
■ liil I" liaM- |ii'iislii'il. 'I'l Iiniati', linwcMT, I'nr a
:in|i;.,il mil', is .'misiili'ii'il. nn tin' wlmli', very liealtliv,
iT ii.'t ti'in|ii'i-air, ami Hiii-n|ii',ins may ami iln i-csiilc
I 111 11' 111 invM'.irs « itiimit snlli'iiiiL; in (•niisliintinii.l
l.u/nii ill's sn ha|i|iiiy lii'tvM't'ii tin' main ii'ijiniis nt
till' K.ist aii'l W'l-,. tliil il is I'liiisiili'i-cil In III' tl,i' 1,,'si
silnatimi in iln' uni'lil t"i- .i t'm'i'iijii tratlic, ami when
llir Spaniai'ls lia.l tlii' Ira'li' ill sihiT I'i'nni New Spain, j
I'l ru. aii'l Mi'sii'n til wa-- jiist ntl limi' that ('mil
ilm-i
Allsnll
iiltIiI til-
iK'
illrmi, with
I li'jxuil !i;s, tii;lit slmrts, latlirr simiil J nkels, wliitc
iiifils, aiiil liatliaiiils, lil.n'k iiini .sliiniiit;, await tlic
tfavclliT. 'riic I'ity it.si'll', with il.'i >{i'ay walls, liii'j;u
I einistciv. iiiiil iai'i;i' I'lnifi'hcs ot' cliiiiisy iii-cliin'ctiifc,
ii'si'iiilili's II "iiiissiiiii" rathi'f lliiiii a I'lUiiiniriial
I'ity. \\ lii'ic wi' hail '-miiiti'il sixty imirliant ships at
I r>ata\ ill .'iiiil Ki.'iat ^iiv;apm'i', wr liiiiinl mily sixlii'ii
at till' pull nf Manilla. Cnliiiiirlcc, iimli'i' Spanish
inaiia'.'i'ini'iit, has nn t'li'i'ilniii • its iiiily piiviliyi-. am
iminn|inlii .s. 'I'lii' rhiirrhc's IM' Int'ty, I'lit t Im hmisi's nl"
till' pi'iipli' are hills ami i',ijins, iiml even iii the niie
yr.iml i|iiarler, " l.'Ki oil.:., ' the ilwelliiii;s nl' the 1,'ii'at
.'iliiil nn iliily lanes itiiil iiil'eeteil ileus nl' pnvirlv .iml
\ ill' Near the eeiilie nrtlie tnwii, liii»e\i r, is a lari;i'
sipiare, raileil in ,iiiil laid niil as a ii.inli n. tmiiniiL;
.'ill iiyreealile pi'niiienailc in fi'imt nt' the ( Jum inni's
hmise, and nn w liiih, as well iis nn the ( 'aluada a hue
liin.iil eairiaee drive, inniiinu twn thirds rnnnd tlieeitv
Mails a iiiilitai'V hand pi ilmins I'm' the delei lalimi nt
the pcnple nf tiishinii, whii pi'miienade tlieie in I he even -
iiii,'s The pnpnlalinn, as tiny appear in the stieels.
piesent a i iirinns aspeet. I'lie-ts nt'eM ly miler, 'ilnil(,
white illiil i;iiiy ; j;,illey sla\es ehained ineiilni, two
liy two, eanyills,' water ; ladies eleLraiilly dns.'ed in
silken mill's 'iml niantilleas nt hlaek l.ue, with d.iik
tl.ishiiii,' e\ es, and Iniij,' lilaek h.iii', in w hii h aie ent w imd
searlet llnweis with luiylit f^rerii lea\es. ( 'renle limIs,
with thai jjraml air nt lii.Miriniis iniliileiiee,ilii ir .nrhed
eyeliriiws, a j^lanee that liaiisliM's ymi. then «ell-
pnised lieads, their w lute shniililers, their Inv el\ laei's
halt' Imldeii at iiiter\als hy their eleeantlv iii.iii.ii,'ei|
liilis. Tlieii I'.iiiie the '!'af,'al nativis and the ( In niie,
and the lillle ni';;ii'sM's, w lin .sell I'l nit and llnwers nlsiir
iiassiin'lv 111
11 llliaiit. Iiii
laiiitv, wit
I'Aii n.illiniis nil lin.ir.h I In -i I' i 111 eii li.i iiiji' w it 11 ('aviti'
I Inlri'ii'l.-i. and the Spiee Isl.nils. niiisl have 1 n starehed shirt, alinnst inverin;; his Imht, alnn si In
its till' Manilla
Il tnweriiiL; eliinine\ put hat, and slillly
diiii.d\ pr.'til.'ilile. Manilla is tl
'.It nt
iiii'iil. till
I '.iiil.iin I leiier.i
ii'ii"y I'lii'iNim; till
I his knees
i| lilnwtl elii'i
i.niij,' ear liiiijs hai i;;nL: diwii his nil
111 IV
llelhi mil
1 Th,' f.
rees iml
r his inniiiiand, in nl his ri;;lit hand 'I'l
mil lhii;ri'
en II. |i|\ iMllalis. illesseil in
Imhiii; nalive ii'u'iil.ir inlaiitrv. Sp.niisli artillei
V, ami iii;ht shirts 111 native niaiintiii Inn
liw ea\alry, iiuniln'i' almnl |0,n(l(l men, hesides a up tn the knees, eninplete the yi
1 , ami tinw .~irs iine'nsei
l.ir-e
Illy nt' irreyiil:
nniversallv, as m liiissia
■i'weh
ll.es t'i'i
llli
I .isii;, IS the I
exlranrdiiiarv
ilv 111' Manilla, t'
pnl't nt' t 'aviti', lip tl
the Ineeihi
r iniivevanee tn w
hil'h
; I he sliii t I eini;,
hy the pea-aiit.s. Will n iiiilsiiii
- npeii at the iieik. and wilhmit, tie,
enttnn haiidki I'l hii . is wmii r'Undlhe
e.irnau'i's ate re.iilv, \vi
eariealiiii'
th wiimlerrnllv head, lint, ei ner
shininu hl.iek l''lt li.il, nr
illv a seeilv straw, nr a tal
I'laik
tmin 111'
Manilla I
a wa.sliinj; liasin
hnwv pninteil hat, ii lii .lapiin. in the
'A 1"
'I'
II n.
111. \ nil selilnlll see l\
ndiaii wilhniit a iraine enik, either eiiniei
Till' |iri>itiu'i' lit' ii;.'rii'iiltiin' in tin' IMiili|ip
'iiUTiiieri'. siii'iikiii
S.'i'.'l
ill' ills (ivvii |ilaiital
lies." siivK M. ill' la , '"■'^ ■'"'1
III .liila .li'liii, II
II. hand, shmildei',
'ad. 'I'hl.s I
le walks, alwavH
nil', "issiii'li ;i> 11.1 ciilicr iiiiiiitrv \ii
siiiiMill'iii;: tlie liiid's |ili
Willi Vl'p'l.lllli'
ill extni'Tiliiiai-N a'
allli;
alillllil;
1-vi'ry kiiiil nt' I'l'Iiinial prmliii'i' s]
Ills Til., iiirili ti'i'iim I ,n,.„ts. fjiis in the st reels, in the tii Id
iniaL;e, and exeliiin;;in;; endear-
stirili;;s It
e* ervw liere.
Nut iiiit'ri'i|iii'iitlv, till' In
'' I Often, when two nl" these lentleint n hine exihan
priip'Tii n if 1 ii.'lily In
anil
"!•■
::ailii'riil in
mil, III iiiany |
V jilaiitalii
thi
ir I'ninpliinents nl' the innrnii.f;. Nnii w ill .see I hem
vli'iit nf llii' |i'i-liiii'S iilf.ii'ils tiii'ilitu'.i t'lir ri'iirii
I mil' yi'iir. The rirliiiiss iiiiil i,'ri'iit sipi.it dnw n, iiiid allnw t heir lt's|ieetn e liirds. w jm, il
I'altli', >' liii'li I'lisi liti'i'iill
\' ii.iiliiii-r lull llii' iritiiiiu
ii; II iiuiiilnT nt'
wa^'i'M of a It'iv
slii'plii'i'ils On liiy priipiTlv I li.'il llirn' lii'i-ils : niu' ,if tl
till
111'
liiinilii'il III
'Mil, aiiiilliir lit I'iirlit liiiiiilnil Initl'alni's. a iliiril i.f nix
111
asis wi'i-i' ili'ivi'ii I'i'i'iii 111
Wlii'ii III,, li,',. liai'M't liail li,
'II L-'t 111, a
II till
t'rnlll ll'\ lliHlNi
I'llI
I iiiitains i.itii .i la
idil «ai a 111
rj.'i' plain, not I'lir
1 lii'ti.v. At Iiiiil! Ill'
V «i Tl' ll
spi-'illli
t'.ir till
1"
riven inio Litl'i' I'lirliisni'i's near tin
1.1
an. I 11. VI il.iy tin' nsi'ii tliiil wer,' tit t'.ir llie «1iiiil'IiIi
Iln' ll.
t'li..iH.'ll ti> 111' einpliiyiil at tin' pi
I'lllli' went ll. I'k 111 ti
I'l nil lip' I.' Ill' lir.iki'ii, till' liiittiil.i,'< St
pl.'ilL'tl. Wile SI
Mill.;
li'i'li'.l. mill till'
ll' pliiiii niilil iii^-ii
Hall; tl
lis pr. .I'l's.. i.s
ri'pi'atiil .v. n .'av I'.ir a liirlii;i;lit, al'trr '.liieli tin' liiTil n'liiriii'il
111 till' 111. .11111.1 11- until tin' saiiii' perinil nl' llie t'ull.iwini.' veur.
ill tl'il.'ps .IVIT it.l llll'IIHllllllI'll pil.'>tllfaj,'l'
■ lislril'iit
itlllL' llsi'.t 111 sill
mil ri'.iH'riiiL' ii'' lare U'Viunl an inva.-naial visit frnm llie liiiliai
kirpiTS. *
the nieantiini
In tike .1 lew ipll
lii'ist
at eai
ini; into >..'irlike iiidniir
ll nil
ler. w
hill
I si ems 111
rel'resh theiii aina/iiiLlly. 'I'hen. withmit I'nillii eniii'
inent, eaili master ynes his way. and eaeli cink lesnines
It peiieel'iil attitude. Kvery vill.iee in Ln/mi has. at
least, line enek pit. and in .Manilla there are sev.ral
In Manilla. eMry day is ii saint's day— tlie iiinie iiii-
pnrtant heini; marked witii a irnss in the ( inv eminent
(iazette tn deinite lliein a.s hniiihiys. The .Mestizas. i r
( 'renh'fiirls, w hen dres.s,'i| in •• sava," or nalive eiistnme,
ill ijiinlK wear nn stnekilii.'s, and llnir teet .ire inserted
i;.tii the very tiniest ('inlirnideied slijipeis inian;in.ilili ;
ipper has iinthln;; tn kee|i il mi at ih.
IS I lie s
hut
heel, tile little tne is iilwavs nutside tile nthereiid nl' it
iW
111'
i
i
i
1
1
■
i [
■ii r
1
u
P' I
THE ISLANDS OP THE INPIAM AND EASTERN SKAS.
n
grili]pin2; it in sncli a niannor, aa to liimlcr it from fall-
in;; oil' aitu^fcllu'i', anil very r.irt'ly, cvimi, in the must
fast anil fiiriou.s ilanoin;;, ilui'.s this oi'cui'.
Talkin;; of ilanoin;;, any stran^jcr, of tlit' same rank,
is ailmittcil to any one's l)all, or " bayli'," on |>rrsi'nta-
lion of his iMnl. A small primitive harp is the instru-
ment of the eonntry. Tiiere are few houses without
one, even amon^jfit the Inilians. 'J'houj^li the ;;nitar is
a ijreat ileal in use, the lailies, in ])artioular, ;;reatly exeel
on the harp. Hut these are not matters for onr ;;rave
Austrian friends of tlit! Xovnra to notice, or their (Jer-
man professors, who accompany them, to enti^r into.
Let us on, therefore, to statistics of traile. A young
traveller says, the prinei)-..'! manufacti ry at Manilla is of
cigars and cheroots ' The )>iincipal ilistiictsin which
the tol)acco is cultivated are Cargoyeu and Hisoyu, in
the north of l."z .1; they prod\iciil al>out 1S,(HI(( ton.s,
of which S.ODd are .sent to Spain, in leaf merely, and
10,000 sold l.y auction at .Manill.i. 4,000 persons are
employed at the work.s of Uavite, and at Malaliar
.j,000 ; add to them 2,000 persons employed in various
' In the ciinrse of my travels one afternoon siiys a trnveller,
I obaerveil an ini niiKi' iTMii'cmrsi" 1)1' Imliaii \;\v\» HinihiL' mit of
what tiptH-'are^l tn !)■ a rliiiri'li, and tliaikin^ it a i^ddiI opp irtnnitv
to make nivs Ot' -u-ipiaiiiti'l witli tlie leaiini^ tt'.itin'es nf n:iti-,e
huauty, li.ossi'il nv.i ami serntinizi'il tlnan, in a siilliciiail'y
inarkeil ni inm'r to all'ml tli an so ne aniasenirnl ; no ilonlit l)y ,
tc« joke< Ml llh' native lanijiiajfe, anil at my exjien-e. Kor ten
niinntes till' stra n of aalive lie inly rolleil liy wiiliom the least
hI^iis of eiNsali'iii, anil I )ie|^an to t'eel myself in the position of
the oonntrvmaii, win >va.« t'oimil wiitinj; at 1 nilay in Cheapsiile
niitil the " erowil hail pisseil," witli this relleetioti, tlieretori'. I
nioveil on. Uetnniini; hone, I asUeil wliat saint's day or other
li'iliday it was. I-'or s-ane little time my frieniU were pn/./.led hy
the inipiiry. lint at last the t'aet slione ont in a Joke at my ex-
pense, that promised to he as endless us tlie stream ot' lieanty itHi'lt'
In a wold, I had lieen standing in the rear ot a ehi loot mannliie'-
tury, or " l''.ihri('a de 'lahieo,'' us it is ealled, and the yonii^
ladies who h:id attraeted my curiosity, instead of euiuin;; ont iil'
the chnivh of " Itenondo," whieh st iniU ii the rear of 'he
" Kahriea," weie yirls leaving the lattei i'..tablishnient after their
day's eniployment of elieroot and eigar in:d;in:;. I afterwards
ivent over the place, which is worth visit ing ooee lew people go
oftener, I believe, for pleasure. It consists of a nmnber of lar^e
apartments, in whieh, at the time of my visit, scviMi tbonsanil
girls, from abiait foorteen or tifteen years old or npivariU, were
eniployeil in e livening leaf to! aeeu into ibe 111 innfaetnred tonus
above nientiimed. The whole proee-s was elfeeted by their
delicate lliigeis, aided by a slone hiiiimei- to heat the leaf out,
and a sliu'ht dab of some sticky eoinp aind to keep it to.'etlier
"hen rolL'd into shape. .\t eich table I observed a lady of more
mature age and great, r experience ill tlie crift, lb m tlie rest,
u hosu business it was to lee[i order, and givi- iiHtnielions to
lieginners. They are paid I l)elieve, aeeording tu tlie i|..intity
anil ipiality of their «o k
.\s a general rule, th.' tigiires o"" theie rndlao girU are more to
he admired than their I aces ; o le _'ieit il'feet b 111.' the smallness
.if the nose, an 1 anolhir, the red ting' of their teetli, proilne.d
hy the habit of eheiing the hel '1 not. The> eyes and hair,
especially the 1 liter, are good, and amon-gst so iiianv, there are
lilt a tew tint m.'ht b ' pron nioeed pretty ; yet. nolwilhsMud-
ing the spell'ilndiiig attr.ietioo to an nnforlnnate b.iteli' lor, on
liailing liiiiis"lf in the midst of seven tbonsaml ol thes" sirens, 1
must I'imfes-, what, with the constant ra]) titap of their slooe
l.aoi'iiers, the eloseness of the room-i, and a few oilier addenda
arising tnim wa'it of ile iidiness generally, I was heartily tliaiik-
fnl tin tindiiig mys'lf oiiee more in the " world outside ;*' and.
from what I heard of the visits nfo her stramiers. the feeliiii; w is
not at all e.aitiiie I to my (lartieiilar tastes. There are several
t'slalillsh nts of this kind In dilferent parts of the island, lint
none on so extensive a scale as the one iit .Manilla. I he tubaeeo
trade is a goveriunent monopoly, mij it is a >inL'nhir fact, one
indeed, which at tirsl sight, might appear incredible that, great
as the annual cxpirt of in.ninlaetnred lobiei-o nndouhtedly is. the
lumaint consumisl in "l.n/.im" ilsell, is at leant six times as
niiicb.
methods of preparing and rolling the h-af, and lastly,
tlio.se engaged in its cultivation, and we shall nrrive
at a total of 1!I,000 men and wotni'ii; the produce of
whose labour is from eh'Vi'ii to twelve millions ol cigars
yearly.
VIII.— THE ENCHANTED LAKE.
FnoM Miuiilla, the Austrian party jiroccedeil, Tist
to the I'eiiinsula of .lahi-Jaln, where they s:iw -M. Viilie
in (piict possession of M. de la (iironieie's world-fanions
estate, and working jirolitalily 1,0(1(1 acres out of
10,000, of which it consists. Hence they wended
their way to l,a Liignna Encantada, or the so called
Enchanted Lake, in the Island of Luzon. 'J'iiis
enehanti'd lake, one of the world famed wonders of
the eastern seas, is a little lagoon in the islet of
fSocolme, inlaizou, and it is M'parated from the grciter
lake of ISai, hy a very narrow mountainous crest.
'• Every one," says the liistoriogiajdier of the Aiistriiin
expedition of the i\ovur(i "cannot reach it, hy simply
wishing to do so."
The approach is obstructed hy MufT rocks, and, still
further, not only liy an ini| enetrahle niiiss of trtinks,
roots, clinihing plants, ferns, canes, and thorny Imshes,
hut also hy a nioviiig. perl iliotis soil. The lake is a
circular liasiii ; no ihnilit fornicd hy the sulsideiice of
a enter, for it is suriouniled hy walls of lava.
Like many other (nchanlmcnts, it is very dangerous.
Its tine waters serve iis a place of refuge for ininiine-
rable iilligators that ;,ie very ferocii us, so much so that
the navig.itiiin is imt alti inpted save en large tiunks
of trees well laslid u ; ell 1 r Slighter canoes would
be infallilily tniiihlnl i\ei-. A|piii<litly the weather
was too bad on the <\-a\ ot our visit to this Eilen of the
I'hilippities, even for the croccdiles, li r we did not
perceive tiny ol these luen.sters; niiil if imr artist has
tigiired one, it is that he has not been idili to I'esist his
ilnagiiintiiiU. Tiuth in my, we 1 nil iii t with us a
single dog to muse the niiiisteis by its linking, still
less to jiractise the liiibaious c.'ij.iiie ol tlilowiug one
of these jioor deiiiestic animals into the waiir in order
to enjoy the speclncle of the furicus gieniiiiiss of the
•illigatms. AN'e saw with .-urpriM' llyii g ih gs or foxes
{/'Im/ii) ]ih.\ ing (.\ir tie lake, uttering ^llallge cries,
and taking rel'iige by thousands in the tn is. w heie they
suspended themselves ill eiioinniis hunches to the
branches.
At the time when the members of Lord Klgins
embassy were tit Manilla, they were one night, instead
of dancing Inndangi es, snugly escuncid at t' e bottom
of a canoe, upon the river I'nsig, lulled to slei p ly the
; measured stroke of the boalinen's ]iiilillis. tis they
j forceil the littli! cialt rapidly up stti 11m lioiii Cavite,
a town of l."),000 iiih.ibitnnls. iiay.ight toiii d them
in the Lago de I'ai, 1 ndir the lee of the island oi
Talim. Its high volcanic hills Wde woiah d to the
summit, and iiidenlid with chai'Ming little bays,
fringed with dioopiiig baiiibiais. '1 he lake is some
what in the shape of a horse s hoof 1 a |a iiiii.'-u'a at the
end of which is the Island of 'ralim, lorniilig the Irog.
Krotn thence they .stretchei' ai ii ss to the si utheiii
shore, the high and precipitous inounlains of which
looked comparatively near, litit to the westward ihr
watei's of the lake formed (he horizon. Thi' Lugo de
Ihii is the largest sheet of fresh water as yet diseovcn il
ill the 1 asti III Archipelago, being twenty-eight miles
in length by tv^•enty-two in breadth.
Il
:, 1 1
I ■!
ifi!
1
252 ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
'riicir (Icstiiintidn, wli'icli tlicv iTiulicil in tiiiu' fof ii
lute lii-iiiUlasI, is ('cli'biiitfd lor smin! tlu'i iiial s|irili.Lr'-.
wliifli, l)iiiil)litii; out of tlio jjiroiiiiil iiliiiost iit llii'
water's k'<\<^i', ciialilc tlu' \vimi_v tiavflli'i' to rclVr.-li
liiiiis<ir with a Will-Ill lialli. tlioiiL;li, as tlit' tciiiin ratini'
is sutliiifiitly lii^ili to lioil an ci,',:,' in I'oiir iiiiiiiit.'s. lie
liad liftter not iiiaku rasli expiiinniils. In c.iii-i'
iliieuce of tllesi' s|irinf,'s, wliicli at oni' tinn' i njovicl
some cclfliritv, the vilhi<;e is I'alhil Lis Paiios. It
consists onlv of a few Indian huts, in one of whirh,
elevateil on |iilis, and surioiindiMl liy a crowd of ad-
luiiing natives, the party restored exliansti d nature,
]in|.aiatoiT to a trip to the Islanl of Soeoline. For-
tunately, "tlie liistoriogi-.ipher of the einli.issy, Mr.
Oliphaiit, says lie ha I not seen the narrative of that
annisiii!;, lint most audaeioiis roiiiaiieer, l.a (iiroiiii're.
the aeeiiraey of whirh ww.y lie juilired of from the fait,
that he estimates the lake ol Soeolme as havini: an
I'levatioii <if 1,")0(I feet aliove the Lago de llai. when
tifieen feet is really the outside; and says it "does not
icrrive the rays of the sun e.xeept when that Iniiiinarv
is at its zenith ;" whereas, the lianksin many parts Iieing
not above twenty I'eet high, and in one ])taee alioiit I'IMI.
the lake moreover being at least two miles round, it
rejoices to a very equitable e-xtent in tin' 1 li's.sed lays
ot"that ■■ hiininary." It is to be liojied, for the sake of
l.a (iironieri's creilit as n n irtsman, that he displayed
as much e<iurage with his ■ c • ho certainly has with
iiis pen.
Thev paddleil round the in. jf the lake, " en-
chanted." ihey say, with its loveli, , sheltering theiii-
M'lvcs from the noon day sun under the luxuriant
\ei,'ctatioii which clotlns its banks, and droojis into
ilie water. 'I'hoiisands of llyiiig foxes had chosen for
their retreat thes(> lealV shades ; their unsightly bodies
were concealed Ijy their expansive wings, as, c-jiuging
by their feet, they hung in <lark festoons from the pro
■ cting br.iiiche.s. Disturbed by their aiiproach. they
,la|iped away over the lake, mid they soon awdke its
^iU'iit eihocs with the report of their guns, tumbling
two or three of tliesi' inonstrous bats heavily into the
water. If the alligators existed al all, they eviilently
1 ad not recovered from the panic which must have I ceii
cii'aticl by la (iironieie's visit. Nit one ventured to
■-how the tip of his nose above the water.
They were loth to leave this fairy like scene; and,
lnokiiig back iipiiii it, as they dragged their canvas
over tin- n.iriow strip of land, were reminded rather of
a diamond set in emeralds, than of the crater of an
extinct volcano. As it was. the attractions of the
Island of Soeolme hail indu"ed them to linger too long,
for it WIS late ere they started on tlii'ir return voyage,
a gale of wind having sprung up in the mean time, and
it was not till after a I Mig night of diseoiiiforts and
dangers tliiit they icarhed their destination.
It is liiit fairto^'ive the iiiiich belied lie la (liio-
iiiere the ailMint.ii,'!' of aiiolher witness, Ciptain Jlcnry
I'. Kills, I! N . who thus describes his imn \isit : —
■••In ill -cciiiling to ']{.i soniliie banks, the words of
-Mooics song, 1 iiiiiineiiciiig, ' ( »ii that lake whose
!.'loouiy shore,' are vividly brought to your mind ; all
i> so li.iiK, cold, and still, that it iniylit well be com-
pared to the '\alliy of the shadow ol death.' Its area,
nearly coni]iriM's .i space between t«o and three miles
111 circunifeniice ; its sides, eipially steep above and
liclow the surface, give on one h ml very deep water
close to the eili.'e, and mi the other abrupt, tliiikly
wiHided ni.is>es, too steep and nverliaiiging, as even at
noonday iiartiall}' intercept the sun's rays, and east
over the water's surface a dead leaden hue, and mid
mystery bearing elli'ct sntlicieiitly suggestive of its
name, AViili the exception ol the narrow belt bo-
tweeii it and the Lake of J'ay, the hills all rimiid rise
to the height of at least 1 ..ilMl l.^t, or rather, when
you are en the shorcsof the Soeolme, you have the im-
pression of being sunk that far below them, iiiucll ill
the .same way as you would w hen down a well ; mid I
believe it is an ascertained fact that its level i.s iictii
ally below that of the nciglibonring great Lake of Hay,
with which, of course, if siicli le the ca.se, it cuiinot le
in ((innection. Our little eaiioe having been launclu d
and manned by an Iiiuian at either end to |iaddle it,
our next undertaking was to get in with our guns'
wiihoiit swanijiing the whole iirraiigi'ineiit. which re
ipiired a loiisider.ible aniount of care, and a iiio.-t sub-
dui'd (juietness of action to accomplish ; imiccd J do
not know that 1 iver felt less disposed to coiiiineiicc
any pl,i\fiil antics than I did when I tbund myself
thus nt ('i-i-in to my conipanion, tloating away from the
fiiendly lank in a mere shell, wlio.se sides ro.se but
two or three inches above the dtisty ashen surface of
these sullen waters, eontailiilig, as we knew they diil,
inoiisteis but too I'eady for an (ip]iiirtunity to convert;
us into a component part of themselves. The sur-
rounding trees had a shade of brown blended with
til ir dark green foliage, which at lirst I could not
ipiite account for. luit this soon explained itself; for,
after getting a little aeeustonied to our cockleshell,
and tliiieby aciiuiring siitKcient routideiice to lire oiir
gnus 111 aiiiui ,' them, the report was succeeded by a
rushing soiii" . like that of a distant mountain torrent,
and the ail becaine iuimeiliately darkened by the Might
of myii:ii|s I t living foxes that lluttered about just
over our lie.iil. confusing and stiipifving us with their
discordaiit scieams. Tlicre weie, besides, herons and
sea fowl of ditfereiit kinds, but the number of the tly-
iu;; foxe.s (Ptiropi, Lin,) far exceeded them. This
creiitiire, as its name im]iiie.s, has a head ipiite like
that of a small fox, and wings like that of ii
vaiiipire-bnt ; its body is about a foot long, of a
reddish, brown I'oloiir ; and the lonl-ensomble, even
to the peeuli.ir smell possessed by that animal, bears
a most striking resemblance to Master Reynard
Fnli'ss you catch them under the wing in living,
they are very dillicult to kill. They hang mi in
■ lusters to the trees, scicaiiiiiig. if woiiinleil, while
ti.ere is a spark of life left, and at such ;.imes, woe
letide tlii> niilia]ipy tinger.s of aiiyciie atieuiptiiig to
handle them belore they have received their tinal
ipiictus ; for their teeth are as sharp .'is n lies, and
they are eipially sharp in the apprehension of tli"ni.
NVe filiot .several, and some seafowl. myriads of
which come here to deposit their eggs ; indeed, the
gl loiuy bowers of Socolnie seem to ii.ivc been adopted
as a sort of hereditary nursery by the feathered
tribes generally, the intrusion on wlmli by man they
most uninistake.ibly rcii onstrate against. No alli-
gat'irs cliised us, open mouthed, as did they (liroiiieri',
thoiii;h our solitary canoe nlfered them uveii a more
tempting bail, nor, while on the lake, di I we dis
tini'tly see any signs of one. However, the sudden
disapjiearance below the surface of several heads of
our game, left little doubt as to their actual |ii'esenee,
and my companion told mu he had never before, out
ot several visits he had made, missed seeing some,
either on the binks or in the water. llavin;^ m de
THE ISLANDS OP THE INDIAN AND RARTFRN SFAS
the circuit of tliii l;ikc, iiiid siirticiciitly explored its
mystiMies iiiid eiicli.iiitiueiits, we niturued to tlie ^Illlt
wlience we liad set out, had our cniioe retr.ins|iorted
into tiio " Laj^iiim do ISiii." and eiidiarked in imi- larger
one on imr relnrn to Las lianos. Slidrtlv all' r we
shoved oil", tlie sh.irp eyes of tlie Indians diseoNcred a
"eayniun " bisiiini,' in tlie snn at the foot of the hill
wo liail jnst left, lint he di<l not remain loiij^ to he m
speeted, and holted into the water like a shot. It is
sin;,Mdar how rapidly an alligator will reach the
water; I have freipiently remarked it while on hoat
ser\iee on the West Coast cit Africa, hloiking the
montlis of some of the rivers, where ford \s we hail
to lay otr with little else to amnse ns. 'I hev wonid
bo lying on the heacli, looking tor all the world
like so many hnge logs of tindier, withont tin- slightest
sign of life, when, jiulling towards the hack of the
surf, near enough for nniskot range, a hall woidd come
pat jgainst the hai'd side of one. appearing to il, |)ro-
hahly, nothing more than a hllip of a lingei' w< nld he
to lis; lint, taking the hint, lu^ seemed tu roll (1
imagine that is an ocniar deception), into the water
with a most snrjirising velocity. At other times
a very diverting game u.sed to he going on hetween
them and some long-legged white liirds, in the manner
following : — Our attention wonId he aricsted l>v one
ofthe.se hirds lioppiTig aho\it, mo.st provnkingly, jnst
in front of .Master Cayman, as he lay in a ipncscent
state, which hi- woidd .sometimes do for a loug time ;
when, apparently Insing paticMice, or fincying nis long-
legged tantaliser w.is oil' his gn:ird. In- wonM make a
sndden dart at him, which invai<;iblv resulted iu
' Wlu'n till' ciil'iny iit .lalm jaliii, s.ivs M, ilo Iu (iinoncre, IkuI
tu't'ti tor a f.w years fuinult'it. tlie t-a\ niaiiii ilisapiicartil fnmi its
iiL-)i;)ili>inrli(HHl. 1 was nut one inoniiii.^ with my siicjilierils, at a
fvw U'i'^iU'H tVoin ni\ hnuso, wlieii we came to a river wiiicli must
III' sw'.ini across. One of llicni ailvisod me to iisci'inl it, ton
iiarniwor place, tor tliat it was fill of cayinaiis ; ami I was aliout
til ill so, w'lieii unother Iiiiliaii, niiire im|irii(leiit lliaii Iiis cniii-
lianiiiiH, spm-ivil las horse into tlie stvcain. *• I ilii ii it tear tlii
iMvinans!" he exelaitiieil. Hut he Wiis scurc»'Iy iialf-w ay across,
wlien w-e saiv a cayinuu ut laiiuslriius size ailvaiiciii)^ towartls him.
We iitt.Tcd .1 sli'iiit of waniiii;; ; he at mice pcrcciveil tlie daii;.'i'i-,
and, to avoid it, t;<it otVliis Ipii-sc at the opposite side to that upon
which the caymau was approaching and swam with all Ins
stri'iijth ton irds tin; haiii.. On reiieliinj; it, he jianse I liehind a
I'lllcn t.eetnink, where ho had water to his knees, and where,
li'li'viii',: :inn< 'il'iii p a'f -ct, sale: »■. hi Ir^i.v hise.itlis,! and waited.
Meanwhile the cayinitn raised his eiionii ills head nut, of the water,
threw Iiinisell' upon tiiu horse, and seized him by the saddle, llie
Iiiirs'.' nude an etVirt, the ^.'irtha lirok-', and, whilst the eayinan
crimeiied the lealli r, the steed re.iehed dry land. IVrceiviyij; iliil
the "addle was not what he w.inted, the cayman dr >p|ied it, and
advanced iipiiii the Iiidi in. We shouted to him to run. The poor
I'ello.v would uol stir, hut waited calmly, cutlass in haii I, and on
till! allii^ator's ncir approaeh, dealt him a liliiw upon the head, lie
niijlht as well have tapped up in un anvil. Thii next iiist,int he
Wis wrl'.hin;.' iu the monster's j iws. For more than a minule we
h held him dr.i.'tjed in the dirceliim i.f the lake, lii« li idy erect
ahove the surface of the water. Tin cayman hail seized iiim hy
the tliijjh, his lianiU joined, his eyes turned to heaven, in the
altitude of a man iiuplorinj Divine mercy. Soon he disappearei!.
The diaina was over — llie eiyman's stooiacli was his tonili. IMirim;
tils a^ iniziii); inoment we had all remained silent, lint no sooner
had my pour shepherd disappeared, than we vowed to aveiiire his
deitli. I liii'l three nets made of striiiiL' cord, each net lar:.'e
eiiiiiiKli to form a roniplete harrier across ihe river. I al.-o had a
hut huilt, and put mi Indian to live in it, whose duly was to keep
constant watch, and let me know us noon un tile ciiyiiiau returuisl
to the river, lie watched in vain for upwards ut two nuiiith> ;
hut, at theenil of that time he caim' and t ild me that the iiion-
uler hud Heizeil a horse, and hud iha,.'p'd it into the river to de-
vour it at li mure. I iniinedi itiU leimired to tlicHpot, aecoiiilJWiiixl
2S9
Miuster Bird just rising high einnigh to let the alligator
pass helo'.v him. nnd then, iiligliting in his rear, he
Would await the rctinn of calm nioiiients to torment his
enemy afresh. l''reipienlly, after u few inetU'ctnal
charges of this kind.thealligalorwoiild rush to the water
in e\ ident di.sgnst. there to seek that rejiose which was
denied liini on Oirn finna. Notwithstanding that the
idea of an alligator attacking a canoe has been sonn;-
wliat ridiculed, I kimw from e.xperieiiee that it is a thing
lint at iill iuipicilialile. At I'ort Kssington, on the 'lortli
siile of .\iislralia (wlnre we iiad for many yeiirs, |ie;--
li ps. one of the most illnianaged of all our blundering
attempts at a set llcineiil) the alligators were so tierce,
that it was not at all an niicominon thing for them to
liite at the blades of lioats" oars as they dipped iu pulling,
nor even to make attempts to get into the boat itself,
which, ill the case of a canoe must havc^ been certain
desi ruction. I forget exactly what their length there
aveiageii, but I know it was dilHcult, at a little distance,
to distinguish between one basking on the surface and a
native canoe, which arc generally large euough to hold
ten or a dozen people. "^
IX.-TIIE SIL-LI-BA-JJOO ISLANDERS,
'I'll the ethnologist, and those who studj' the history
of the human race in the development of the original
tvpes, :ind the intermixture anil assimilation of the
v.irioiis races, the group of the Philippines, and espe
ciully i.iizon. are fertile in exiiniples ; for here may he
f lund types of almost every race, the woolly-heaiied
negro, the long haired black, the rapiian,the .\Ialay,tlie
Kurile, 1111(1 the Siberian Asiatic. 'I'he TagaL.. or Malay
by my guards, hy my priest, who positively wmdil see a caymnii-
liiiiit, and hy an Americiiii Irieiid of luiiie, Mr. Hu.ssell, of
the house of Russell and Stnrgie, who was then staying with me.
I had the nets spread at intervals, so that the cayman could nut
eicape hack into the lake. At last, all measures haviiit; been
taken to attain inyend without risk of accident, my Indians began
to exiilore the river with their loiin bamboos. An aiiiinal of such
furuii'lable size as the one we soU);ht cannot very easily liiiie him-
self, and soon webehchl him upon the surface of the river, lashing
the waterw all Ins loiigtail, suapiiing and chattering with hisjaws,
and eiideav..niiii'_- to j,'el at t..o.e who dared dislmli hiiii in iii>
r. triat. .K universal shout ol Joy t;reeleil his aiipearaiice.
The Indians in the pir.'^'iiis Iniili'il their lances at him,
whilst we, ni'on either sh.ne ol the river, tired a volley. The
hull, ts rehounded from the inonster's scales, which they were
unable to peiiel rate ; the keentr lances made their way hetween
I he scales, and entered the cayman's b'dy some ei(;ht or ten
iiichis. ■i'lieieiii«iii he disappeared, swinimiii); with incredible
rapid, ty, and reached the lirst net. The rcsislunce it opposid
tnrneil him hack ; he reasciiiih d the river, and apiiii apiH'iired on
the twp of the water. The vioh'iit inovenu lit broke the stives of
ihe lames whieh the Indians had slack into him, and the iron
alone leinaiiu ' iu the wounds. Kacli time that he reappeund
the liriiik' lei 1111110111111, and fresh lances wire plunged into his
enorinoiis b. ly. I'eRcivint:, however, how inell'ictual tireainis
were to piei.'e his euirass ol iiivnlneralile scales, I excited him. by
my shiints and ^'cstiiies; and » Inn he came to the edge ol the
witter, openiii;: hi- enornious jaws, all ready to devour me, I ap-
pioaeiicd the iini/.zle of iiiy ^mi to within a few iiiehcs, and tired
both hanel-, in the hope thai the bullets would tiiid soiiiethini'
softer than Males in the interior of tli.it formhlable cavern, uiiU
that they w nld iMiietrate to his brain. All was in vain, 'fho
j.iws cIomhI Willi a terrible noise, seizing only the lire and smoke
mat issued lioni my gun. and the balls llatt' ned against bis bone*
Hiiiiont injiiiii.g till 111 'llie animal, which had now lieeonie
furious, m.ide iiieonei'iv.ible ell'orts to seize one ol his enemies; his
slrciiL'lh se. meil to inenase iiiste.id ol diininishing, w Inlst our
nsiiiirees were nearly exliausled. Alniosl all our laiuTS \vere
sticking in his IhhIv, "and our aiumunilion drew to an end. The
liilht h.id Imled more than six liocrs without aii> result that iinild
m
■H-^
ii
2S4
AM- ROUND THE WORLD.
al)iiiii;iii;il-( of Miiii'i''. .-iiv ^inal' in >t itiiri' ami wr il;
ill liiiily, lilt i«t' a ni >!■•• vi^.ipiu« <• nistitiilii'ii tlian tlif
II itivi'H of' tin- otli r islaiuls ••( tin- Aivlii|i<'lui;<>. 'J'licir
skills ail- lit' a liri:,'lit T 0"l»iir tlitii tlmsc of tlie ntlicr
\r liavs, ami tlii'ir li lir is Mack, willi.nit Ih'Iiil; wonlly.
Tlicir III iial cliai-.ii-t t is curious to oIimtvc, still iimri'
curiiiiis t.) rt'il. Tilt* Iii'liiii ki-f-jis his wmil, ami is
vet a liar ; am;.-!- Ii • li.is in liorror, coiii|iariiii{ it to
III i:|iii'-;s, anil ilf-iii:i-^ it worst" than ilniiikciiiii'ss,
wliii'h hi- iii'MTtheli'ss ili-pisi-s. To avi'iijj;i» an iiijiiry
he »<'rii|ili's n it to use his ila^::iT : wiut he will Ic ist
sii|i[)ort is aliiisi', evi-u w'lcii ilcs rvc 1. You may llni;
liiiii when lie lias i-o iriiitttil a I'aiilt, ami he will not
coiiipiaiii ; liiit at h ir.l w.irls he is m.iiijn ant. Jle is
lirave, m'ner ais, aiil a tat ili-t. I'lie Taitals are
ilsuilly ^11 111 t'ltiier-i an 1 s: n>il husliiiuls, two i|ualities
iMlvly seji iratiil. Hurrilily j.-.iliii- o.' tlu-ir wives, they
are e,irele-s ot the li ci ••■tv <•( their il lULrhteiv. ami lneil
imt the fault* their liriilt' liny hive committeil hel'n-e
inarri.ii,'e. Th • Ta-^als hive rt-tainel all their oil
sii|ierstitiiiii-, ami sii]>erinilii -eil them uiioii t'liris-
lianity, which they have ac<-ejit.- 1 Ironi their ccii-
ijiii rm-s, the Sjiitiiarils. Two i-\ .1 ilities jilay an ini-
|iirtaiit part. ' > le of thev? ni ili_' i rit s]ii:-iis is the
i'io-liil 111. wlhi ilvvells ill the fir-:*, ia the inliM-ior of
the great little-. T.ii- ilivinity rc.|uiiv.s i;reat re-
spect. Every t nie a:i Iiiiliaii iti-x-s a tii^-trei', he
makes , a si;.' i wi;h his h iml. s.iys " TurJ-iio ;" ra'.;il
wonls. si'^iiityiiii: '• Iiv y iir li-:ive. my 1 iril." aililressiiijj
thus, t'.i.' Til liilaii. Iiie o;h -r i; ni i^ calle 1 Assuan,
.•111(1 is coiisiih'ieil ti exep-is" a w.iii.k-rl'iil iiitluence ovi'r
worn 11 in lalioiir. tjiie oft -u s<-«-s an lielian. at such
times, s ateil .istii le on the loof ••{ lii> li iiis,>, .sahie in
liaiiil.ciittiii^ aiel tlirii^tiii4 in <-iii]iTy .lir.t.ulrive awiy,
iii;ike 11- Imp.' its s|kh1i teriiiii atimi. »lieii an iMliaii Btriuk tl e
(iiMii;iii. iMiilst at ti.t Uiiieiii i-r iif «ai<r, with H laiiiv 111 le
(isuiil s:ri'ii;;tii aiitl >izt'. AitoliitT I- »j:uii. n\ li - iiiiiiniile s riijiii -'
stiiick two vipa-iMi* \>iw, witu a in a\ u|«iii tlie luMtt'iKl nf ili
lame; tlie iimi eliriTitl il,>-[> into tl.i' .•i.ilii.ir> I'lly. ami ilinmil!
iiti'ly. witli a imiveiii.iit :is swift a- lijilitiiii j;. lieilirtiil tiiwMril
the IliK anil ili-:i|i!ii ur.il. IW lal;o |« '.■ . <lt tarlinl In ill tin inn
lieail, iitiiri,. il tn ihe suriatv of iIm^ walir ; •'■ r mhih' iiiiiiiili.s we
i\;iit*(i ill vaui tiir Hie m.iiister's rv .ii»j*-»n*ia'«- ; we tlmii^ht that
his last elllirt hail .nahl.-.I liiiii to n-.i<h the lake, ami that mir
eliise was |MTfetth fniitl.-s. Wo Imultil in tin- tiist net, » I; rp'
imle in which c iiiviiuttl u* that •nr >ui'i»i»*iliiiii was cnrrict. 'J he
si'i'i-iiil III t was ill the sinii- »tiii<litiiiii a* '"if tir*t. Ilishiartei.nl
bv our fiihire, we were ii ni n^ in :iie thinl. wiieii we li It It -troiiL'
resistance. .•>. veral liulia - i» -.^iii t»« .Jr»i: it Towarils the hank.
and |irescii l_v, tn our j^nat ;■•*, we ?aw tiie i-iMiian n|»i'ii tlie siir-
I e-e ot' til ' w cer : he w-a< e\r>iri e». We threw orer lii.n st'\ eril
i.ls^ is of s r I ir eonis, an 1 wiie*i he wn weil stviirtsl we ilri-w hi ii
to l.iiiil. It w is n>> easy ai.itUT & I liiiil i)i:u uii on the tiaiik ; the
slren_'th nl I'o. "y In h \ui inr-ily s-iifi -vJ. Wliea, at i.ust. we h nt
got him eomii!i-t \\ oat of riio water, aiiJ had lii ii before mir
eyes, wo stool >tuiK'tie>l wi'Ii aston:»iiiiieiit : fir a v.-rv diili'reat
tliiiiLf was il to sif Ills ii.i 1> thtw aa 1 t • s«v liiai s liai iiin;; w hen
he WIS H.'htiinr a.-imsi n* Mr. IJu-s il, \ very e • ii]i tent pervin,
\^.is eliarireil with hi-* ni'-a-eri- n.ait. Kr.im tiie extr»'aiity of the
aostrils til t'le tip lit tiie tail, lie w .s toaiid to U.* tvventy-s -veil
:eet 1 iHjr, a n! li:s ciren:iit'ervn<v was mn -h more vola ninn !S ; but
we tliiiii;rht it lis. less to in a*urv cm tlier»», jii'l.: ii;; that the
horsi.' ii|i 111 « hie 1 he h el hr aktastol, must c ni-i.l.T.ittlv have in*
crease. 1 his huU. fiii- tir-t pr v-^ at aa end, we took ooun*i'l
as to what we siionlil ili wiiii the denil cayman. Kvery o le jj.ive
his opinion. My wi*h was tocinver it, l»>.lily.to my n'siilence ;
hnl t at was iiiii»i-~i ie, i: w.niM h.«e rtspiitv i a visss 1 .it tive nr
six tons hurt .ea, and we c<>n'>i n -t pnUu.v sacli a cnif^. I hie
man w iiitinl the skin, the I:i ii tn !»,•.• -U f -r the l1e«h. to dry it,
and ii-e it is a s|Ke tic akTiinst a-t'i ai. Tiiey atfirin that any
astliiiial'.c leisoii wlio iiunrisiii-s hiawlf for a ivrt.iin time witii
Ibis tlesli is i fdliMy cnnsl. SonieUJy els«- de-inil to hive the
fit, as an iiatii 'te to riniiaiatic iiaiit*; and. tiiallv. ;nv worthv
l>ries? duiiianiU'd that the stotn;kai shoidil be ojk-iuiI in order td
as lie says, tlii^ .V.ssiian. Thoy I.elievo a chilfl that ilii s
yoiin^t t" hi' an aiioel wiiieii ^ h's to heaven, ami there
protects its relatives, ami mi occasiniis of tln'ir funerals
hold fc.stiv.ils of orcat re)iiiciiii{. The la^.d lias Imii;
hair, rarely any lie ml ; his eye is lar;;e ami lively, his
nose rather lafoe, his cheek hone piMiiiineiit, like that
ofthe Malay. His hospit ility is iiiisellish ami <li>iii
teresteil. Ife veaerilcs olil age An oM man, when
! he timls hiinse'f d ■,iitiile, ^J'm-s an 1 t iki-s np his cpiar-
ters ill a nei^ililiuiir's house. Their iiiarriiire I'lieiiioiiies
are cnriou.s. A y ni :!^ man's parents ji ■ at ni^lit to
tliose of the olij 'cl; of his attention, where they chew
hctei, drink wiiie,,inil the yoiiii^ man's in .tin r ]ilesents
, the girl's niotlier with a dolLir. This accepteil, the
young m.'in enters on an apprenticeship, like that of
Jacoh with Lilian, of two. thn e, or four ye.irs, the
; fither of the gill often pruloii^jing the hmidioe to an
iiidelinite period, so as to ke 'p the suitor's .serviei-s
for iioi.hing. Soinetimes the young coaple run aw.iv,
liiit then the young lady iiiiist lie lierM-lf the prime
, niiiver, otherwise the niarri i:;e cannot he celeliritcd.
This pirtakesof the Ar.ih ciisticns of the I'airlaiehs,
and tends to prove the Mai ly ori^rin of the T.igals.
The .\jetos or Negritos are a siv i^e people — .-jiid to
he the true a'lorigines of tin- I'h.lippiins — ihey at one
time ruled the Lsic of Luzon, and c iiii|i<-llci| the Tagals
to pay them a tri uite of »> many hiiniaii heads,
which they cut oH'aiid cirried a v.iy lortlnir liarliarmis
fca-ts. These A jetos reseiiilile in iliisivs more than hiiiii ni
lieiii,'s. K\i'ii their voices a-siuiilate to the jililieriii;;s
and cliatteiiiigs of t!iis aiiiiii d, .a. id t'nir gc-tures are
111 mkcy like all over; their s de superi uity eon-ists in
knowing how toli^ht a tire, an 1 to n>e the Imw and
1 nice. Their c li.nir is tlie e'.oay lilack of the African
asivrtain ',iw many Christiaiis the m Miser had devoiinil. Kverv
time, lie sanl, that a e lyman eats a (.'liri-tian, he swall i«s a lar^re
)ielible : thus the iiiihiIht of the |ii'hhhs we should lliid in him
wonld poiiiively indiate the iitinilhT if the faitiifiil to whom
his etinrmoiH stomaeh had atl'T.iisl s.'pultnre. To sat>lV everv
b 111 V I sent lor an axe wiienwilh to cut .itf t le lietid, which I
reservnl for inysilf, ahindoniii:.' the rest of the careiss to aU
who bail taken pirl In the captiin-. It w.is no easv matter
to decapitite the monster. Tiie axe harie i its If in ihe tlesli lo
halfway nptlie handle without reaeiiintr the Unns; at last, af^er
many i loits, we snecirdeil in ::ettin-.r the bi-;id otT. Then we
o|H'ned tie stomaeh, and ti>ik out of it. by fnniaients. tlie iiorse
which had been d.v Hired that in rniii,'. T . lymaii d us not
mastiiate, lie cuts olV a hu:re Innp wa a bis ea.ir nous t.-."h. and
liolisi entire. Thii- we f iiiiid the wliole nfllie birs . dividtsl
into o:iiy seven or ei.rlit pi. ee>. Tueu we cuiue lo aimut a Imn-
dred and til'ly p mn I's vv i jiit of p.-bbles. v iryiiiir fnnn the si/.e et
a list tl t I it of a vv.. lint. When my I'rieii 1 siw this )jr'"'t heip
of stones— "it is a mere tale" — ..e could ii.it help siiyini.', " it
is iiiip.n>ible tiiat this anini.il sIhmI I li.ive devoii isl 6o (ir^ .t
a ihhiiIkt of Cliri-tiaiis. It vv is e j!it at ni^iit wiieii we eoai-
pleted the Cllttiii,' up. I li'fr tll'b.l. to . .iir a-«ist iiits and ha 1
Ihe Ilea I placed inahial, to ciinv,.y it m my < mis •. I very minh
desired to preserve this in msiroiis c.ip.it as nearly as ]Mi>.ihle in
the st ite ill wiiicli it then wa-, hnt tli.iC vvoiild have n^tiuinsl a
);reiit deal (if arsenical so ip. and I w.is out of that. >o I iii.i.l •
up my mind t i dis^'ct it an I pn'st'rve t le skeleton. I vveiu'lii.d it
lief ire deta.'hiiii; the li;;aineiits. its vvei>rht was tour Icindnsl and
thirtv p.iiinds; its li'iiijtli fro n tiie n ise t.> the tirst \eitelira. live
bvt (.ib.iir tiV'' feet -ix inch -s Kir^disli iiii-asiin-i, I funiid all iiiy
bullets, wli'eli liad tl.it teiunl theais«.lvis» air-iinst t;.e imiies o; the
jaws an I pal.ilii as they would iiave d.iiie a.r.iinst u pi ite of iron.
The Ian e thrust whic'i hid slain the cav man wis a chaiin', a
sort ol miracle. When the Indian struck v\ith bis iiiaiv uinui the
the hut of the p-ile, the iron pierced tlir 'iiirb the ii.p' into the
vertebral colunin, and jH'iietra'isi the spiml inirrow. the only
vnlner.ihle pi t. When this f .rinid.ible liead was well piepared,
and the limes drieil and wliiteniKl. I had Ihe pUmmiii- o( pnxiniii','
it to iiiv Irieiid Uii.Hsell, wno h is sine de{»site<l it in the iiiuteuin
at UosliMi.
THE ISLANDS OF THE INDIAN AND EASTERN SEAS.
265
licjrrii ; tliiir iltinost statuir liiinHy attains five fct-t ;
tlicir liaii i-» Wdully. ami, as tlii'V iu'Vcr cut it, i, liiiiiis
a straii;;!' w>rt "if lialu nminl tln'ir lii'aiis. Tln'if fci
tiiri'S iiii' iii';iri>, Imt tlicir lijis less ipniininciit Their
Mile (Ircs-i is .1 i^ii'dli-, ci^lit >ir ten iiiclic's linnd, iiiadr
111' the liaik nC lii'i's. Tlii'V feed cm rudts, liiilt, uiid
tlio lirodiKMj of till' cliasc. A liaiiiliiio laiii'i', a jial.ii
wuiid liuw, and |iiiisonrd iirrows, are tlii'ir \M!.i|ions.
Tlu-v iMt th-ir nil' it neirly viw, and livD in ^'i-iiii|is nt'
niiistiv tViini titty to sixty jum-mims. DiiiImh t o day,
till' iild ]ifii|ili', tliu invalids, ami tlic clii drrn sit idiind
till' lire, wliilf tlic others <,'ii linntin;,' ; Imt when they
have eiiiin;ili IihkI, they all siinat rimiiil the lire while it
lists, and at ni;,dit sleep — iironiiseiiniisly — in the a-he^.
It is extremely cnriuus, yet di>;^iistin;^. to see tliiH
assenililed mhiio lilty nf these hrntes, iif all ai;'es, and
all, more or less, det'ormed. Tho old wiinien are cspe-
liallv hideous : their deeie|iit lindis, their ]inl liellies,
and their extraordinary li lir. jiivinv; tliem the a|i|iear-
anee of I'uries orwitrhes. They liavi; no reiiL,'ion — only
regardimj; the ehame roek or tho tree-li'iink liearinij
iisemlilaiice t i some imiinal. Tlieir lani,'na','e has hut
few words ; tliiir ihildren are named from the |ilaee
where they were lioni They ha\e respect for old
a;^e, and for the dead; hut have no funeral leremony,
plaeinj; the coipN.. at lull lenglh in ii j^rave, and
eoverini; it with earth. Tiien, every day, they ]int
lohaceo and lietid in it. and suspend omt it the lio.v
and arrow of the defunet. wlioiii they believe to j;o
lut hunting; every nij;lit. Winn an Ajeto sickens
of an ineuralile malaily, or lia.s been wounded with a
poisoned arrow, his friends jdaee him in ;>, lar;;e hole,
liis arms crossed upon his liieasl. and they Imry him
alive After the death of a friend, they rcvciiijc it hy
killiiiH the liist liviiij,' tiling' they meet, lie it man,
~tair, or liurt'.ilo ; hut they leive sii;Ms of waniinj; to
llieir own people to keep oil" tlu'ir path Tliey have
hut on« wife. 'I'liev are capital shioters with arnms
piereini; tish in the water, and can i-linil) trees with the
a^ilitv of nionkeys. or rim with the swiftness of deer.
The Tinnuianes, another race who li\o in the iiite
lior of the province of Flows, are described a.s men of
^iiiall .stature, sli:;litly bronzed, with stniij^lit liair,
ri'ijular prolihs, and acpiiline nose.s. Their women are
handsome and •;racefiil. A girdle, a sort of tiirbau
made of tig-tree bark, is all the dress of the men. Tiieir
arms are a lonu' lance, a small liatehet, and a buckler.
The women, also, wi'ar ii girdle, hut have, in addition,
a verv narrow apron, dc-icending to their knees. I'lieir
hair isadornc.l with ln-ads. gold, and eoral ; the upper
jiart of their hands is painted blue; upon their wrists
are bracelets woven and orii imeiiteil with glass beads ;
these bracelets reach up to the elbow, forming a .sort
of sleeve to the fore arm, which they strangely com-
pre.s.s. They are put on in early youth, and prevent
the expansion of the arm, auginenting, at the same
time, the size of the wrist and hand, which swell and
become horribly large, a fa.shionable deformity, like
the female foot in Cliiiia and the English wai.st in
[•'••ope. Every family has two dwellings, one for daj'.
the other for night ; the first a hut, the latter a small
cabin [M-rclied on ]i<ists or on the top of a tree ai.xty or
eightv IW-t from the gi^oiiiid. This is a precaution
against the (luinanes, a savage tribe, with whom they
are at mortal feud. Thev are saiil to i riisli tho skulls
of their cajitured enemies, and mix their brains with
I'aiie juice, which hellish ])otion they ipiatr amidst
great rev i'lling. They bury their dead iu huge wells
I or excavations, having previously dried the bodiiii
! into mumiiiics. Tliey h.ive gods mt lihitiiin, or b_\
j accident — a ro. k or tree of remarkable shape, litaring
tile semblance of some beast, dog, cow, or biilfalo— is
considered a superior being. Kound this they collect
pnivisions and bring pigs. Then they erect a straw
roof over the iciol, light huge liics, roast their Jiigs,
and d.ince ; lastly, they .set lire to the .straw roof, burn
the idol, and si ends the jollilication and the worship.
The Tingiiian has om? lawful wife, and several concu-
bines ; but the wife alone inhabits lier liusi ami's
lioiisi- ; the women have each a .-( paiate cabin. The
eldest man is chief; their laws arc traditional. Their
wealth consists in porcelain \ascs. These people
appear to be of Japanese descent, thrown on the coast
by \ i.ileiit north winds. The Igoiotles, imotlicr native
: race, are similarly attired with the Tiiiguiaiics, but
i are shorter men, with excessively large chests,
long bcard.s, well developed limbs, and herculean
sli^ciii,'lli ; the nose is less anuiliiie, tin ir colour (.{
' a deep bronze. iniil tiieir e\is yellow, aial of
Chinese cut. They are .^^aid to be eaters of human
tle.sii, whirli they cook and st(W in divers ]alat-
ablo forms. These ] pie ali' regarded as lie-
' sceiided from refuitecs of the great naval i ncniy of
the (,'liinese, Lima-On. who, alter attacking ^Manilla,
on the 3Uth of November, I."i7t, took refuue ni the
province of Pamgasinam, in the (iiilf of l.erigayaii,
where he was a second time dclcaliil. and his llct
entirely ilcstnncd ; a jiart of the crew esta|ed iiiti
the iiiouiitains of I'anyasiiiam, where the Jspmiiards
could not follow them, 'lie Igi rotte has longhair,
Chinese eyes, the nose lallc r lialtciiid, the lij's thick,
the check bones |ironiiiient, lar,;e shoulders, and
strong limbs, is of a dark c«ip|ier colour, and res< nibles
the Chinese of he .soutlieiii provinces < ' the Celestial
Empire.
Of the niainier in which many of ihi e races are
wafted from far distances to the v,.rious islimds of the
Eastern Archipelago, and even to the shores of the
eoMtinents, a remarkable instance is recorded by Com-
modore I'erry.'
» )n the morning of the ."ith of August, l.'-.'):l, in aboui,
: latitude ISO" 4ti' N., hmgitude ll' 4 ' K.. in tie store ship
.Siinlliiiiii/ilim. l.ieuten^iTit Commander Jioylc was steer-
ing S.W. bv W., the wind blowing from the iioithward
and westward a fresh top gallant breeze, with i onsider
able swell, when a boat was discovered to wnidward.
The ship was h ive to, and presently succeeded in getting
the boat and its contents on board When lioisted in
and measured, the craft was found to be tweUc feet
loiii;, four wide, and seventeen ii dies deep, tin board
of the lio.it, when the ship thus picked her uji, were si.x
males, four of whom were adults, and two wen- boy.s,
the one about ten and the other fourteen years of age.
They were all of healthy a|ipear.ilice, of iniilitnn .stature,
of a dark colour, the "hair cut dose, not tatt d, and
did not appear to be much exhausted Cajilain Jioyle
supiiosed, from their a|ipearaiicc, that they might have
been adrift. They had in the Imat about two or thrive
dozen of India corn (maize), a few sweet potatoes, some
]ireparcii betel nut.s, a cask, two gongs, a fishing net,
an iixe, a small piece of grass cloth as a .-ail, and a
coloured piece, supjiosed to be a Hag. Of water they
had none; but from the fiei|uent showers encountered
1 Kxpcditiuii to.Inimii in 1S5'2, l>s;.;i, mi'l ISot. by Coimilo-
dor. lVrr\. New Y'lrk, IHJtj.
n
iii I
■ i '■
lA'
^ ^W'M*^*
AnAlK UN A MRlllSll WAR MIAMI K liV IllK NATIVES Ol- ANHAMAN.
A NAT1V1-; Ol- THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS.
**a»
KlM.l^ AMiMiR AM' KIM. i. A.N MuLMAlN-
THE ISLANDS OH TlIK INDIAN AND KASI'MIlN SKAS
•j^nd
liv till! Hlii|i, ('..|iliiin I'liivlc iMiiii'liicli'cl tlii'V Iiail mil
s\ill'riiM| iniii'li liy llio want of it.
To wliil, |ic'o|ilc or iirilioii tlii'st! |H'o|ilc Iic1oiii,'(m1 no
ono niuld tell, lis nolioiiy on hoiinl coiilil unliTst iml
tllc'il- l:ini,'M;mi'. It WIS oli^rrvni, llmt till! Wol-'l llloHt
tVi'(|Uiiitly on tlii'ir li|n was Sll, M llA lioi). 'I'lii; iioan^st j
liiiiit to II113 slii|i wis('i|pi' Kii;,'aiio, tlio N.K. ]point of
l.iiruiiia, (llHtaiii'i'il alioiit onii liiinilii'il niili'S 'I'Ik'
Italiiiaii ami itisliu (iioiiiis wiTi' alioiit one liiinili'iil
ami finlilv mill's ilirrrl ly to wlmlw.iril, uinl tin' liisl
I'onjrrtnii' was, tliat |iissilily tliry niiu'lit lirlonjf to
tlirsi'. Tlirir ill'rss oonsistfil of wii|i'-li'Hi,'i'il tfollscis,
i'\ti'Miliiii,' a litlli! lii'low tin: knri's, with a dark
cnl.iiirril 1,'owii rnvi'lo|)ini{ tlii) wliolu |)i'rson, ami
Mi'iMirnl aroiinil tlm lu'fk liy a iliMwini; striiiL,' ; tlnir
jii'ails tlii'v wiMiliI noini'tiiiii'S liiiul armiml wiiiia cotton
liamlki'rcjiii'f, al'ti'r a litsliion nut iinliki! tliat usiMJIiy
tlio Marks uf tin' soiiI'iitu statt'S of Aini'ricii. Tlio lyli ,
8r('inini,'ly nut niurli I'xliaiisti'd wliiMi tln'V wn-i; taken '
on lioar I the ship, yet tliey eviiliMitly experienceil >,'reat
ilillieiilty ill w.ilkiiij,', from their lonj; eoiilinement in a
eram|ieil |iosition. Sleep, with a suitalile diet, however,
soon resloieil them to their usual eondition.
\S'liru tlio .ship came iieai', and pissed thro!i!:;h the
jjioiip just liaiiied, the eouini mder w.iteiied elosely to
oS.serve if tliev s!iowed any marks of reL'o;,'nition. 'I'heir
alleiilion was called to tlieiii hy sii,'iis, and they seeme I
to understand the pantomimic impiiry, for they iiiva- |
ri.ililv shook their heads as if to imply tliat their homi! •
was not there, and pointiiii; tow.irls the eastward,
said ".Sil li-li.ilioo." Soon afti'r the ship arrived at tJoni-
Niiij,'-mooii, in (Jhiiri, and here^ri.'at pains were taken to |
discover, if possilile, where these poor adveiitiirei's
lielonjjed. There were many ships lyiu',' there, and
the commodore directed that dili;iciit .smrch .should hu '
ni idc anion:; the n all, in the hopes that perchancu
some one mi^lit he fmnd who could communicate with
them. Tliev were visited l>y many from the various
vessels, and from their limidity they fell first umh'r
the suspicion that they were anxious to ri'inain un-
known ; Imt (.'aptain I! lylo hecimu (piite convince I
that tlieir shyness an 1 rc|)Uj,'naiico to leave the ship
jiiocceded from fear almie. Tliey were taken on hoard
each of the tr.idiii'.; ships at < 'om siin;-moon, and out of
the numerous toii'^ues spoken on hoard, not one was
found like tint spoken liy these men. At leii'^tli they
littered sniii,' words when on the di'ck of the Kni;lisli
ship /loiii ((//, which Captain •ramieson, the conimander,
llioii;,dit he recoj^nised as helon^ini; to the lani;iia;;e of
the natives of the Jicntiii'k Isles; Imt perceiving; tii it I
their words were altractiiij; notice, they made tli ir
usual silaim, and uttcrin:; SU-li ba-ljuu, after A-arils held
their peace.
There is an island c.illeil hy ill it n ime, and mcntioneil
hy lioi'sliurj; as h'iii^ in lat t 1 U; -t" N., loni;ituli;
127" K. ; hut this is so remote fr.im the spot tliey were
picked lip, some twelvj or tifti-eii hiin Ircd miles, that
('apt.iin ISoyle could not suppose it |io^.-,il)le they had
drifie I such a distance. The wind hid, indeed, for
several days heen sti'oiii; t'roiii the southward and ea.st-
ward, just hefore the hoatwas .seen, tlioiii;h at the time
tlicv were picked up it wis from the northward and
westward. Notwithstaiidinj; this, however, it seemed
most improtiahle that in their frail craft they eould
have floated so luany miles. Captain Jamieson and
his ci'cw interested themselves for these poor creature.s,
iind perseverance in their elforts to communicate with
them hy nieans of the slight vocabulary they had ac-
ipiired in their voya),'in','s, and alllioiiL;li such Momniii-
nicitioiis Were very imperfect, of lonrse, yi I it was
plain some \»ords wcr,; underst I, ami the nnfoil uii.ile
men were e\ idem ly piea.x'd, and sought oppiii-tninlies of
niin,'liiii; with those who could comprehend anv portion,
however small, of their lani;uaL;e. With tln-M' imperfect
niein.sof kn.iwh d:;e, the hest iiccnnt Captain .laiiiicioii
eoiild (gather from them was, tli.it they did come from
Sil II h,i hoo, distant as it was; that they hadlelt the land
i . their hoat with some artiiles of fond f.ir a ve.--sel in the
olllni;, net a fioh hreeze that carried them out into
the .sea, and, hy its continuance, prevented tin'ir return
to land, and tli it they had hiiii in the hoat litteeii days
when till! •Siiiit/iiiiH/i.'iin ]iickeil them up. liy direction
of the (yoinni idnie, two Mir;,'cons of the sipiadron inailu
a minute examin.ition of these Sil li ha huos, and re-
Jiorte 1 ill sulistaiice as follows ; —
"The Sil li-ha hoos are of a niediuin iieiijht, iiliU
well sot, with nioilerate innKcnlar development; and,
though |iossessed uf ^(leiit .streiioth, are active in inove-
iii'iit. Destitute of the fatty ti.s>iii' heneath the skin
which ileiierally ^'ives roniidress mid fulness to the
form of the northern races, the Sil li hal.oos liavc, from
this deliciency, a sharp and anj;iilar contour, that de-
prives them of all claim to phy.--ical heanty. Tlieir
fe.itiires have the irieoular ixpres-ion ot tin' neeio,
tlioui;h their colour re.M'niMes thatof the uinlatto. Their
lie.i'ls arc laroi' niid round, with a larye dispropor-
tionate development uf the j.oslerior )iart of the skull;
their faces are rude, and their loieln ails moderately
hij;h, their i'\r:i dark hiit not very hrilliant or intclli
j^elit, and their chins hmad and ina.-sive ; their noses aie
\i>i>H and tiat, and their lips thick ami pidniineiit, and
their laiife mouths di.-play strong made tiilli, wliii'h,
however, are generally liliicki.--li from the use orthehetel
nut. The skin is .-.niootli, with a small supply of liliick,
coarse hair, where it is usually found, except on tho
head ; there, it is grown inofii.sely and straight, hut
is Worn short. 'J'heir linihs are lithe, their hands and
feet small ; their language is .soft, and agreealile to the
ear, hut though it is ^nppo.-.ed to he a deiivation from
the Malayan, it is not intelhgiMe to those on hoard
familiar with the ordinary dialect of the Malays.
They are, however, lielieviil to he of Malay origin,
niiich niodilied hy the ell'ect ot climate and accidental
caiisis. The intelligence of tin Sil li ha huos is .■«> far
liliiiited, as to place them within the category i>\' the
s.ivMge races, to which, in liahits and .social character,
they are clo.sely allied."
Coinniodore I'erry dispatched Meivihui, an U.S.
Iri:;ate, under Captain A hhot, to W'aiiiku, with these
wanderers tr.aii Sil II h.i.liou to the (jovcinov (icneral of
the l'hilili|iiiies, tli.it they might lie protected and
s'lit lioiiie. We may indulge the 1io|k' that they
have liually re iched their native island, there to
tell to their Wondering countrynieii the story of
their providential pie.si'rvation and marvellous adven-
tures. '
After ipiitting the island uf Luzon, the Xovara
touched on the coa.^ts of China, whence she ]irocceded
to New Zealand, to Tahiti, Valparaiso, Lima, the Falk-
land Islands, Monte Video, Ihieiios .\yres, callingtiually
at Jji^ihoii betoro returning to 'J'rieste.
' Tlnre is a Silli'liMii, K. Iciir,'. 101, S. lat. 4, it ixirt-towii ul
till' Wi'slcrii coH.st ot till) Ishia.l ot S>u ii.iti-.i, m l.tll, wmtli ol
ijL'iicoulca.
I . t I
ill I
il!
UP AND DOWN THE AMOOR,
WITH SCENES IN CKNTRAL ASIA, TARTARY, AND SIBERIA.
t— THE COUNTRY OP THE KAr.KAR
OvFi'. till' ninniitains, n» yon go t'nmi Muscow, hikI
to tlu ii>;lit of likiilMk. tlu' cnfiitul nC Silicriu, lirH tho
(iiiiitiy ol' KalkiiM, tliu (tolii or Orciit |)i'mrt ol' 'rm-tjiiv,
tlie Btcppos or nioutitaiii-pliiiiis of iMi>iii.'nli,'i, iml tlnii
China. This centre count IV, KiilkasiiiiKi .Mnii;;i. [in. tin-
storehouse of conqiK'riiiL! Iiiilioiis, tin- liivi- wlicino
issued Gciijjhis Klian ami his vast lionlis, li;is liri'ii,
up to tlio last few years, utterly nnkiiowii to Kuro-
puans. Heceutly, liowevrr, a fivrni ]\<i\\l lias l«'eii
thrown oti this dark )>ortion of the worM's i,'reat map
by Mr. Thomas William Atkiiisnii,' \vli<i-i' travels in
l)rientiil ami Western Silieria, ami the nii-rative of
whose Seviii Ye.irs' Explonitimis ami Ailvintures in
Sibt-ria, Moni;nlia, the Kiryhis Steppes, Cliiiiese Tar-
tary, and Part of Central Asia, contain matter of a
very hif^h interest, especially when it is considered that
the scene of these explorations is now laid open to
Itussia from the Pacific, by the concessjou ,.f the Amoor
to hei liy the Chinese in IS.'it. Mr. Atkinson',* tnivels
embrace, in the lirst instance, a wide Held, extendinj;
from Kokhaii on the west, to the easti'iii end of the
ISaikal Lake (into which the Amoor Hiver run-), and as
tar south as the Chinese town of Takiiisi. iinluding
that imnu'tise chain, Syan-shan, tin' hi;;hest in Ci'nfial
Asia, never before seen by any European; as well as
a large |iortioii of the western part of the Ciobi (a
sandy desert in Mongolia), over which (tenghis Khan
inarched his wild liordes to the West — scenes on which
no pencil ha.s previously been employed, i-omprisiiig a
di.stauce traversed in extent lil'.dlKI versts (each not
quite two-thirds of a mile) in eaiiia','es, 7,1<'0 in boats,
and L'(),300 on horseba<k — in all .")D,KII) versts (:ibout
3l*,.i0() niile.s) in the coiu'se of seven year.s. Jjcaving
Irkutsk, ami crossing the mountain ran^'e, Mr. Atkni-
son thus describes his first vi^it to the Kalkas Sultans,
or Chiefs of the Pasttire Tartars, who live like Arab-
ians, with their hundreds of camels and horses, ami j
count their sheep and cattle by thousands, as living
them.selves in tents, they lead their flocks and lu-rds
across the plains, .seeking the mount.iin ndges in sinn-
mer and the greeu meadows in winter.
His wanderings, he relates, led him to the Gobi,
who.se vast steppes, siindy de.seits, and hii;li mountain-
chains give a peculiar character to the regiiui in
question. The traveller who attempts to force his
way into a land ubotinding with such striking .sceiu'i-y
niu.st be prepared for many ililliculties and ■ une risks
Perhaps, bc^fore his visit, these .scenes were lu'ver looked
upon by Kuropean eye, nor I'ver skitched by pencil.
lie who follows his track will find that his rifle is
required for more purposes than obtaining a tlinner.
His courage and deteriniiiatiori will be tested by men
wlio seldom show fear, aiei are ever on the alert. It is
only by a steady hand, a quii'k eye, and skill with his
wea])oii, that he can remain safe from acts of violence.
' Orient;)' ami Western .'^ilieri.i: a Narrative nf Seven Years'
Kxplor.itinns and Adventures fVi .Silieria. Miiii.nh.i. the l\ir_'tiis
Steppes. Chinese 'i'artury, aud I'art uf Ccutral Asia. Ilursi
■.1.1 I'.l.Tl.ett, IS.'JS.
Plunder is the common trade; and what is still mora,
the traveller, if not murdered, is carried off into certain
slavery.
.Ml. Atkinson's party consisted of three Cossacks,
bravt! and honest fellows, who would have dared any
danger. I^ong tnay they live, and l>e happy on their
laml near Kurt-Chum! To thes'> wen- added seven
KalnuK'ks, four of them strong sturdy huntem, and all
neeustoraed to a hard monntaiu lite. I'owilerand lead
he had a sutlieient store, and they luusteied eight rifles.
These Kalinueks had their hair cut close, exci'pt a tuft
growing on the top of the head, plaited into a long tail,
\\ liicli hungfardown their back, and gave theina Chinese
a|>|'earain'e. They may, in fact, be considered Chinese
subjeets; but, nntortnnately for them, Hus.sia compels
them to pay a tax also. The chief of the little band
of KalmiK^ks was named Tehui'k a-boi, ami was a vi-ry
strong and powerful fidlow. with a beautiful manly
counti'iiance, a fine massive forehead, and largo black
eyes. He was dressecl in a loose skin cloak, fastened
roun I his wai.st with a broad red 8carf. When the
Weather was warm his anus were drawn from the
slei ves, which were then tucked into his girdle, and
the cloak hung round him in lieaiitifiil folds. This
g.ive fidl efl'ect to liis lleieulean figure, while his
manly bearing and gntcetiil iiiovements made him a
line study. He was biaii to be a chief, and his perfect
1,'ood nature ii'iidered him a most agreeabl ■oinpanion.
He was a faiililul fellow -tiaveller tin many a
d.'iy of toil and hardship, and suffer %eT and
thirst without a murmur.
They commeiieed their wanderings beyond the
Hiver Naiyni, and cro.ssed the Kurt-Chum mountains,
t.iwards what has been called tho Oreat .\ltai. r>ut
this chain, .Mr. .Ytkinsiui declares, can only be found
on our maps -in nature it dois not exist. Numerous
oll'-.liools from the Altai run down to the de.sert of
I'laii-Kum, in which direction they turned their sti'jis,
riding over many ii rugged ridge and eros.-ing numbers
of pictnrescpie valleys, threading their way eastward
towards Ibsa-Xur. Mr. Atkinson had two objects
in view in this journey — to visit tho Tanghu mountains,
which he had seen from the Urituka, and the large lake
that receives so many streams, and has no outlet.s.
There are many peaks in the Tanghu chain, rising far
abovi' the line of iteinal snow, ,s(jiiie more than eleven
thousand feet in height. Their riuite lay eastwi.rd,
crossing the heads ot' several stream.s, which nm from
the Tanghu iiiountains into the Ub.sa. The names of
these rivers cinild not be a.scertrtined. as nom; of the
jK."ople bad ever been in this region before, nor did they
meet a single native to inform them. Ganu' wius found
in great alaindance in the higher region, and many a
stag was boiled at the camp-fires and served up at their
meals. In a few situations they observed the liare poles
(if the conical Turts of the Kalkas, indicating their
hunting stitions. After riding twelve days, and en-
camping lieside various torrents that run from the
Tanghu chain, they came upon a large and rajiid stream,
flowing from the north-east This could not be cros.se()
at the point they struck upon it, and they were com-
I
ur AND uuwN nil'; amoou.
L'«l
liellcil tnOHCond tnwnnls if'* sniircp. I'v fullimjn^ ilijs
river Mr. Atkinson WiiM Inl tiir n|i into tlio innniitiiin
wilils (if tin' 'I'an'.'lni, anil, iit li an-iit clfvutinh, lie
criisinl tllr riil^'l' mill irnlli'il M |illlli'mi, lli'M rllililli,'
tuwai'iU llir Miiitli, oil wliirii In- timinl tlii' " Ziilmlii-
N'or," H Minimlain tarn nl' ^reat ili|illi, Hiirrnniiili'il liy
I'||;,'l;i'i1 |iriM'i|iiris lit" u'i'aiiiti' At tlii< |ilai'ii tin- |ilaliMii
li IS snnk, li' i\ ill',' |.ii|ii'i.iliiiiliir pi i|iiri-< ainiinil. 'I'n
I 111' list till' iiii-k-i li:i\i' till' n|i|ii':ii'aMi'i' III' a w:ill ll\i'
linmll'CiI I'irt llri'|i, »llill' |iir(l|l'i'>i|lli' ^'I'tllilU lllnlllltaill.s
mil siiiiwy ]ii';iks ri>i' ii|i in llii- (jistaiicc.
H;i\iiii.', willi K'liii ' ililtiiiill y, n»i-i-nili'il mir nf tin'
Mil. lit.!*, wliirli |in~lii'il itM lii'.'iil iiilii tlic i'i';;iiin nf
Himw , II lii'anliliil aii I iiiii«t i'\lrii-ivr vii'W |ii'i'-i'nli'il
ilsi'lt'. Iniinriiiatily liemalli. liy llii' riisa-N'Mr; liir
III the siiiilli wi'-t, wan «r(ii I'lin Kiliii di'siTl, ainl
llir Aral-Niir ; In tlio wnilli lay 'rrlia;.'aii 'I'ala, ami
(III' riili^cs ili'sccinlini; dnwii In tin' (Jnlii ; ainl In I lie
^outli-i'ast till- cri'-t't nf till- Kli:in;,'ai iinmiilain'* -
si'Vi'i'al jicaks riiviTi'il with miuvv. 'I'liis was a |iri'|i far
into Ct'iilral A-ia. and nMr a ri'Liimi lii'Nfr luliilil liy
any Kiii'ii|iraii. A ilini ami misty laitliiic nf !!ii;.'ila-
I la was Mi'ii ii>iii'_' aliiivi' tlic Oidii.aiiil tin' xastdi'scrt
Iri'lcliud a«ay till Ih-I in lia/i'. !
DcsiTiidiii',' fnnii lliis liil'ly |ilaci', tlii'y siniudit a plan' '
111 I'lii'd till' I'Ti'i'iit. and liippil) fniind niii' ni'ara ln'aii-
liliil waN'rl'.ill l^ir,'!' I'l'iiks of lini' wliilr iiiarlili,'
wi'tf lyiiiLf 111 tliis tnrnni, ami fiiitlii'r up tln' stii'.ini
wri'r Mi'V liiijli pirripi'TS i if this valiialili' inali'rial
iintiiiii liid liy man. .Mmli nf llii> rmintry is i'\
inint'lv ni;,'^'rd and wild, and .Mr. VlkiiiMiii ski'li'licd
many in',iniiliil sii'iies in tlir Tan^jliii rliain. It ismdy
in tin' di'cp villi'ys and ravini's tliat iifcs ai'i' fmind.
In must parts the mmintaiiis mii' imii dr^lilnlr nf
>lniili.s nil tlicir sniitlit'rii fai'i'- ; Imt in niiiiy fi' tlii'
>li(|iL's llnri' is a tliick rarpii nf >linit jiiass, inti'i'-
spi'i-si'd with a tiri'at varii'ty nf tlnwrrs 'I'liri'i' kinds
nf iris wt'i'r liliiiimiii'i — .i dfi'p piirpli' and wliitr, a rich
liriiwii madilrr and while, and a \ei- line yellnw.
I,ari!e lulls nf pink /niiii'ihi were "jrnwini; ; a deep reil
and a pale yellnw nr pink i/iiifJ/ii(< were scalier, d
over the ininililain-sides. ui^ini; nnt a very delieinns
SI ent.
'I'hev eniiliMiied their jniirney nearly due i ast. ,iml
in eleven dav^ nmre crn^scd the lieiul-waters of the
river 'I'ess. Knllnwiii'; the niniinlain-eh.iin further
-niilli. liinii^ht ihiin Inwards the .smirces nf ilie Selcnij.i
and I >ialiakaii, where they expected tn lind the Kalkas.
rill' Kalmucks liad nl'len met some of those trihes on
the Tclini Steppes, and lliev now e.xpeeted that they
.hoiild he Ire.ited with iiospil.ility ; if imt. tin ir .irnis
Would at le.ist cnniniaiid ropect. l)iiriii^' I liis lanilile
I heir camp tire h.id Imriit nn the laiiks nl many a
picliirc-ipie mniintiin stream, which had se\cral times
supplied them with ri>h : Healed liy the Kalmuck klii\cs.
Ilnnk and line lishim; Was tun slinv a process willi these
I pie ; instead, three ir fnnr men went inln pools.
ilrivin;; the li>h up tl'.' stream, while the other Kal-
mucks spi'ared them from the I'.iiik ; and they were
s'lilnni more than h.ilf .in Imnr in |irni|iiciii;{ a line
dinner of fish.
After ]iassing the River Tess. they mdi' alnn.f
the foot of the iiiountaiii - — sonietiines ovi r a sandy
plain, whiell often roliipeHed them to ascend liiirher
to ohtaiii grass for their horses and secure game for
themselves.
In niie of these ramhle^ .ill' la dinner, Mr. .\ ikin-nn
caiuo upon the suiall ai d picture.sijue lake ul Ikiuyiili,
which lies in ihe inoiintains t'l the iini.li nf ."sm yliin-
dalai, iind is held in gi'i'i' veneration hy the Kalkan,
They have ereeted ii sliiidl wooden ti'inple on the shnre,
and here they enini' In saerillce - olli'riiii; up milk.
Iiiitter, and the fiit of the aiiiniaU which tiny hiini
"11 the little iiltiifs. Tin- i.irge rock in the lake is with
iliein a s.icred stone, on which .some rinle lignrcH are
llaced ; an I on the hank opposite tlie\ place inds with
-mall silk lliigs, h;i\iiig in-ciiptimis painted nn them.
Some of the snowy peaks of the Tanghil moiiiitailis ani
seen from tins spot. In eit,dit d lys they reached San
uliili dalai. a licaillifill lake, almilt lifleeii Versl.s in
IcnLtili, varying fmin fmir to si.x in lireadth.
Here lliey encamped for two days, tn rest Ihiir
hi'i'ses, Mild alliird .Mr. .\tkiiisiin time to sketch the
Mi'iiery. 'I'hey were now Me.ir the snlll ce nf the .'<elelii,M,
and had not yet met with a Kalkas. Ila\ ilig aecoiii
plisliid his oiiiect ill visiting this lake, tlii'V left it mi
.1 \ei\ iMin\ morning, iind turned to the westward,
intending tn re nil the l!i\<r Tess, almut tnidway lie-
tWeell its .sniin e Mini I'hsa Nllf. The Kalmucks liegall
In fear they shniild find no penph' al all cm nts. they
ihiiiilil iin-s 11 caravan track mi tlieir iniil •. and might
lull in wiih Hiiine of the tidies.
They had sever.il days of drenchiiig riin. which
reinlcred the ji uriiey liisanreealile, and the cniinlry
e.\tri mely nniiiteresl iiig. The Tanyhii inniinl.iins wen-
nlisi nrcd iiy a dense fog, ami their lnili.'iiig> were mi tin
Wet giniind, tlieir saddlei lnthn fnnnini,' Imll; heds ami
shelter. In the small ra\ines were loiind a few Inislns,
H llicil eli.ililed them to III. ike lire for t heir cnni, ing and
teakillle: unl w it hstandiii.' I In ir li.inNhips, n<a a man
of tie lull' hand miirmiiied at his lot l.ale in the
afteri n of the sixthday, after Ic.ivingSaii glon dalai,
they ill -ceiided into II small valley co\eri d with rich
grass, which their horses appeared to lii.k ii| nri with
delight. .Many eainels were lieding near ihcm, and
ihey cniild see M'veral yiirts in the di-laine ,i nmst
welcome si^ihl tn all. Aero.ss the valle\ they cmild
also discover a herd of horses leeding on the gr.issy
.-Inpes lieynlnl the yiirts, and a lalg" llmk nf .sheep imt
far frnm thein They lurind their hnr.se*, and lude
low.irds the K.dk.is dwellings, and as they approache I
tliey saw two men nioiinl and ride towards tin in. This
indie, ted a ]ieaei fill mission, and presently tiny ind.
Tlnre was lunch ciiiiveivalinn lieiweeii them and
Tchuck .1 lini. afler which one of them gallnpi d hack to
his li ielnls. the oliier remained and till lowed w illi them
It was not lung liefnle they Jiercei\ei| tliiee other
Kalkas riding to iiiei t and escort tliein to the a ul. (In
ii aching till' yiirls an elderly man took Imld nfthe
reins of Mr. Atkinsnii's Ini'llc. ga\e his hand t.i aid
liim in di.-moniiling, and ilnn lid the way into his
dwelling, in which were two wonu'ii and linir ehildieii.
This was Alebdiiu, the chief of the a ill. who re-
ceived the slraiiger. and was now |ireparini: to lie
hospilalile hy handing him a I nw I nf tea. t.aKeii out
of a l.ir.:i' iron kettle. It was I. rick tea mixed with
milk. linUir, salt and llmir, which gave it the appear
alici'of thick soiip, hut WMS not had. The ('o>acks
ah 1 Kalmncks were aKo supplied with this hever.age.
While drinking this, Mr Aikinson leal time to e.xamine
Ills host. lie was a tall thin man, .somewhere hetweeu
liflv and sixty yeaiN lA' a','e, nf a daik I'onipleximi,
witii high eheek-linic's. and small hl.-ick eyes, .\ promi
iieiit nnse. ,'inil a scmty luai'l. lie was dressed in ii
Imig d.'irk hlne silk liai'it. IciMnucd acro.ss his che^rt,
with a leather sfirdh: rniiiid lii> Wiii^,t, fa.stened with a
■^
»^
^•!i ^
1
I '
il^ '
II
tjr!
2«a
ALL liOUND THli WOULD.
silver buokle, in which hung his knife, nint, and steel.
His cap was helmet-shaped, made of black silk,
trimmed with black Tclvct, and had two broad red
ribbons hiiiiging down bis bac'.-. A pair of high-
heeled madder-colonred boots cdinplofcd bi.s cdstunie.
One womam had a red and pniu silk kalat, the other
a black velvet robe, and both were tied round the
waist with broad red sashes. TIjcy also had similar
caps ; tlii'ir li;iii' WiiH liraidi'il ami" hung over their
slioiil.lirs ill a Iniiicli-i'd small jilails, snin.' iiC (lu'iii
oniaiiH'iitc.l with cuimI Imm.Is. wlii.li air lii^'lily ^allU'd
by tlir .Moiii,'oliail licautii'H. Tlii'y wi>ro vi'fv short
liigU-liffli'il liuiit.-t of red li'iitlitT, wliici pri'vcut tln'iii
walkiiijj with onsc and comfort. The childroii wore
not ovci-loadi'il with I'lotliing, but to i',im|H'nsato for
their iletieieiK V, tliey had been roll'.iiii; on the bank of
a iimdily jiool, that bad eoveic'd tin m with a reddish
iielire, wliieli contrastod well with their loeks of jet
l.laek liair.
The yiirts of these people were icnisirueted like
those ot' the Kiri.'liis, and eovi'ml willi tell, Imt tb«
iiit<'nial arraiigemouts were ilillereiit. Opposite thu
iSKC'irt .sc
A KKALMI FAIILI ON IHi UPfll
|! ';i
UP AND Down THB AMOOR.
26a
(l(X)rway a Hnmll low t:il>le is Jtlacod, in which stiiml I ilitFiciih to jjct (iii(. 'I'hi- nlhi'i-- hail riiii.iiiiiil st:niiliii','
tlic ciipin'r idol iiiiil sovfial small mi'tal vasi's. Iiisoiiu' mi the hank till liny wiTf larniiil, aihl ilini the i.'iuil
ream, wlii-ri', at a short
were "ruins of millet, in otlnrs laitUT, milk, and ! "I'ni (hfiii t'iniliir down tin' st
On tho lift side of the altar taldi- stood (hi; di>laii( c, anollni- |ilaii' was tnniid. with a lii^ttcr hank
lioxcs «'
ontaiiiini; tho vahiah
ii' noar ih' ni tho to land imhpii.
liait, and thc^olhii- doniuslic; iiloiisil
viiniis lia^, a
<»l
siio lanif
'I'lii' s.iddli'^. cliilhinL'. and lircanns, wore
the heads , •' I he Kahnneks and Kaikas.
wore 8evur:u pi'.es
of wMck -1 which the faiiidy and ki|it <iiiite dry. Alt' landing', they \eiy sunn
slept.
(Ii'i'^si'il ami I'onlmiu'il 1 1
\ Bheoi> liad liei-1, killed snnnaflir their aiii\,d, ami 'I'h.v Ijad iml ijiiMe far, when tliev snw a Inn- herd of
iilreaiiv c'oiikinji in the iron cauidiuri inaiiMlhi'iym
It. aiilel.
This .seeinul to he tlii^ "icat atlraetion to e\iry ]i<'rsoii
.list:,
li'eihn^'. not inure than li\i
hnmlreil v
1 yards
i\<' of thi! parly icde tuwiird the norll
in the a-nl, ami from whi'i'i: our traviller sat, he eouhl a|i|iarenlly L'oini; away iVi'Mi them. hut. when at a
see thum liisy with their lire|iaratioiis for the feast.
di>l.-
•y tiinieiland spread thi'inselves out
'rini Ctissaeks were also eiijjaf^ed liroilin^ a |"irl ion tor in a line to head the animals toward a heml in tin
id tak
ni'' eare
to 1
lave enoii!
;h for hreakfast, | river — the\ had alsolneii eiaduallv hemmiiiirthem
11" suiioer wa-
not I'alen in he ehiel > vnil ; men.
Tl
le rilles w ■ I e now tiiislmi'j
and thi'V slowlv closed
women, am
1 I'lnldien, a-^Minliliii^ ii' ll
le adioinnii; one toward the
d. while ihev retreated into tl
I the failed
'I'l hnck-a-hoi hid (Aplained lorined I
lo ea
lo onr host that Mr. .\lkm.-on inlendcd (•ro>sii
V tlie recW
It
iK'canu' ev;ili
nt that Ihev
lid make a iiinIi to iia.vs the in, and, in a few mi iinti
])lain to tlie River Toss, a:<l asked him to i;ive them the males tnrmd ronnd. sloo.l for a mniienl. and then
fre^
lior.^es ; the
men and heasls
m.i'i con.sentcd, pronnsm;.
I.olh
,i>h I.
■.I> a 1:
ii''e oiienin
■ el ween llii-ir
mid 1 • ri'adv for llieni at daxliLdil |i
W
take them to an a-nl not fi" out of their track I'his hom sevcial rilles ; two aril
lell snilli-ienllv near, tllev rei-ei\cil
11" hi;,di into tin
woujil lie tlie only one they should find heforelliev air. and then lay i|iii\ciiMi,' on the sle|i|ie, and the report
•d r
Knlk
iwa-.Niir, am
1 I'Veii there it was doiilill'iil il" ,,|' tl
fri.'hic
lit of the herd hack. .\
lid he met with.
k, 'rehiiek a lioi, a Kaliiiiirk, and our tiavellei
A i|uiet iiiLtlit in the chii'f's yiirt, and a hreakfasi at had lired : in a mi'iru'iit llie\ wcr i the i;rouml.
if d.i
ireiiared them lor a IoulT rid<'.
lie sun loaded li
Were readv and in the
nlille, mo\ -
ro.se lirii;lilly lieliiiid tin- Kliani,'ai mountain-, casliii;; in;, up. llil
their I0111.J shadows o
the iilain. I''aitlil
loll,
d <h
wn ll
111 10 Ills jiroi.M'^
.\relidiili had ■ nir |cl|_
I'-
lad lired a
lie I liev \v
ire within rani;e, the other iiiei
I the held a-- ihev rn-lnil ii.ist, when t\
men and six teen I'.n'ses ready lor tin' journey. Hi
ami aiiol i' r w a^- uoiin
Kal
liilli'K am
Kalk
led. which was folinwed liV
IS, and ear'iiired altera shai'i
lar distant this v as to he, mine .'1111111 tell ; hiil thcr,-> ,i,l,, I n lliis hunt, tlnv had ol. lamed tour aiiiii
appeared 11
.iht that ihev
loiild have a loii;,' ride.
Iml
no one coiih
iliiili hid hcen the succes^t'ill
\Vliiii takiii" leave of his host, Mr. .\lkiiis..|i pirscnli
iiii with a sti'oiiL; hiiiiiii
-kiiil'e
hv lioil::
iff
deliirhted, and ..'in e strict injiiiii t ions 1.
he Kaikas were in ec.~lacies, and uailopcd fri
men to conduct him safdv to the a ul o| Ins |ii,n
,'|ol|p to till'
d
ilhir ol f
iii.ks, wl
Wile dressiii'' I he .'inti
rk of
a verv slior
hort
Their rnilte was to the iiiirlli west, iiMi' an iindulaliii;,' ti ; the llesli wiis then placed on the pack lior.se-,
plain covered with roili;li ;,'i'ass, which alloids 1; 1 wr.ipped up with the skins, and 1 licy ciinlinued their
•attle. .\s ihev rode aloiiij, the Kaikas ri'le. Tln-ir unidcs inlinialcd th.il il was i
iieessarv to
pasture lor tl
piiiuli'd out the track leadiiiir lo the town of I'lia-ssotai, push on, as it w;is slill far to the a ul : ; he In
I'l which, they sml, tlicy eo
I weiityfoiir hours. .\t this |il
uld ride in less th.iii were ^ihmI. and the steppe siiioot li. w hirh cnalilcd them
ICC llicie was ,1 lari,'e I,
1,1
V lit troops, under a ' hiiiese coiiimanihi'.
Ir
flldc
'!'•
■fl
icy were iiol join; in rcat'liiiii,' a .samly
a 1 oaise reddish
pi. nil, in .some p.ii'ts C"\cicii w
these circumstances, it vas not considered dcsiialile ;;ia\el, risinji in
ilii ll
rid-
ill.
w I with ro.'k.'« 1.
Ill appi'oa-
•h t:
)o iH'ar til ' tow 1 ; iiid
th.
Kalka.s war.ls ill.' iiorlli. Athic'il
'llides olii.'cte.l to it.
tl
i.'V s;iw a s,i
t h.ki
III on.' "I tl
ihicl
sli;;lit '
1 w liii'li ii'aiiv swans ami
Dm
iiriii'' till' moriiiii", i'le
'I'aimhll moiiiilains lin.l humlreils of waterfowl were swimaiiiiL,' ; hevoiid this a
1 11 eiiv. 'lolled in clouds, hut.
tl
le sun rose, tlie
sy steppi
•apoiir rolled oil', atrordini,' a line view of the I'haiii, kepi up tli.'ii
(list
lull
1 1
Sibils ol aiiv a 111
The Imr-
r spceil, and made the pi
'Ml cs llv as ll
Neeu .i.'ross the pl.iiii tnim this dist.iiiic. the niim.rou.'* went lA.r the i;r.iuii
i.'in to J.io'
iks foriii hcaiilifiil oliji'.'ts ; tli.'ir wliil.', sii.iwy cap.'t pasinr
's, hut wilhoiil
1; this liriiii'.;lit tl
anv iii.li.aliou thai would "iiid.'
si irtins^ mil from the deep hhie skv like frost.. I siU.'r.
Fiv,. i
111 to the Kalk.is. I'licv I
Ih'
low eaiiu' iii.'iii another
lours' ride hroii'^'lit them upon a sl.e^'ii.inl water- herd of anlelopes ; hu! they w.'re imi distiirhed : then'
coin.' with lii','h reeds and liiilriishcs erowiii',' in its w,is im time lo spend in liuiiliii>;, as the siiii was siiikini;
hi'd, some two hiiuilred paces hroad, -I'll ,'1 wide spine l.isl
of I'lear w.ih'r ill lliu mid'lle. Tl" K.ilkas s.'eiiied a ll.iviii); lid.lcn a coiisidcralile .lis. nice furlher, liny
little di.scim.'erte.l, ami, aft. 'r a e.iisiiltali.ui, tiiriieil to ascmleil nne ol' the rid'.'cs, from which ih.' 'iilka.s
till' westward, aloiii; tie- hank. In aiiolhi'r hour, tliej poiiiled mil what I hey supposed to h.' the a id, \iiy far
rea.'hed a sjiot wlier.' the f,'iiides prop.ised that they aw.iy, on Ih.' shmi' .'f a small lake. Ti
IS MClllCll t.l
shoiilil
tl
swim tli.'ir Horses om
r this staiiiiant water, jjivc tin' Imrsis I'r.sh .ourap', an. I tli.'y went om r hil
red and lale, for thev w.'n- tw.i or tlirc.' lioiiis ri'lc fr.iu
The tire-arins, clothiiii;, and sk.'lches weri' s.'ciired and lale, for they w.'i
a<;aiiist wet, and llieii the mii.lc h.l the way, a ( '.i.ssa.k tli.'ir r.slinj; plac. T
mil our trav.'lh'r follow ii
T
i(>v were iiisl.iiillv 111 III! Ill
ley saw s.'veral small lakes, hut
Tii'aliiiii ol'lhc ItiverT.'ss, althoueh ihi'\ had lii'eli
diH'ji water, wh.'ii their horses struck mil, snorlim,' al"l liavdlini' towards tin- north wist .si'\.'ral days, Th.
swiiiimiiiij with them across ; lint the soft and slimy laii'^'liu
nature of the opp.isiU* hank reudered it e.x.'ee.liiigly ihe sh
unlaiiis appeared iiiU'li nearer, and, from
.M.
ms of one of the small lak.s, .Mr. .Vtkiic
; '
ii I
i t
i(t
^
m
i I
•i :
-If
264
ALL ROUND TlIK WORLD.
sketclipil a lipaiitit'iil view. Wln'lo iic(Mi|iiiil liv tliis, I liis lioisc, s^'jive liini liis luiiiil to ilisTiiouiif, uiiil then
ill! t])r party. »'xcc|it tw" < 'cs^jii-k.-i ami 'rtluuk-a-lMii, ' .sliowcd liim intu liis yurt. A ciiict w.is s|iiiail, i>ii
|ir<M"ffili-i| oiiwanl ti> srik ilir a ul. Tin' snii Mink wliicli lie .sat dcuMi; wliiii a Imwl ni tia-si)ii|i Has
IicIdw tliB iiHHintaiiis I'l till' Mi'st. ami ii yinw <it' yi'llcnv |iic.s(iitt'(l Ici liini. to ntux- wliirli wuiild liaxr lifcii
lijjlit \va.s lifgiiinin;,' til spnad iiviT tlif sky. I'l-csi'iitly I'X. . . lin^ly iiiipnliti'. llr wa.s in tin- a-iil ul' a cfle-
tlie coliiur cliaiiu'i'd to a d<f)i oraiige, with criui.siiii luatrd Kalka.s. i »aiiiia 'I'syivii.
Till' clncf sat ildwn in (mnt of tlic stranger, iind tlic
, two young nicn wliu liail condiu'tcd iiini sat near liini
— tlifv were liis sons. Jleyond tlii'.se sjtt ten or tv\<'lvi'
otlier Kalkas, watcliing liis inovcincnts witli intiiisc
interest, lie was iindmditedly tlie tirst Kiiropi'an llii-v
liad eMT seen. His large tilt liat and slloot ing jacket,
and long liools, will I.e relnelidiered for years to eonie.
Ni^t that lie thinks they ailiiiired the eostnine ; theirs
is tar more pietiiresipie. I'lesi iitly a niimlHrot women
eanie into the yanl. anil at their head the vsite of the
chief. She sal down near him, and w.is joined \>y her
clouds stretching almig uver the inounlaiii to]is. .•iiid
light rieecy nia.s.ses .scattered upon the silvery gray ahove
It was a lovely .scene, and one (|iiite common in this
region, where no jiainters are fminil to eontein|ilate
these Wonderful etlicts, or admire their heaiity. lliiving
finished his sketch, hefullowid on the track of his com
Jianions, his mind deeply alisoilied studying the etlect
of the scene liefore him. To tin- south, ,1 fi'w Iv.-'v and
ap]iarently sandy ridges extended ea.^t and west ; hivond
the.-te Wits one vast unKoumhil plain, where all the
arniie."! of Kurope might he marshalled, only to appear
as a sjieck on that interniinaMe waste : the fteppe over daughter — the others got )ilaccs w here they coiild ; hut
which (Jenghis Khan had marched his savage hordes
more than six hun<lrid ye.ii-s ago. They, too, ]ierhap.s,
like him, had watched the sun sink helow the nioiiii-
tains, thirsting to i|uemdi their stvage ajijietites for
rapine :iiid slaughter heyond them, J'roh.ilily the
the gaze of all was ujMin their visitor. No doiilit it
would have heen highly amusing could he have under-
stood their remarks, as they kept tiji an inces.saiit
talking.
At this moment a Co,ssack brought his .soniewar
numerous harrows scattered so far over these wide j into the yard, and the.se j)eople were much astonished
iilaiijs contain the relics of nations these men exter- I to .see the steam jmlling out, with no lire under it.
(•lie mall jilaeed his haml on the toji, and got his linger
hiirnt, to the great amusement of his fiiends. A
dinner of hroiled venison was hrought in on a bright
nnnated.
Nature has here mapped out the eoni|Ueror's track
from his liirth|i|aie i.n the • Irion, to the seem s of his
tiirilile devastations mi his course towards Kurope;
and it w;is to the tra\eller a m,it»er of deep ri'gret
that he had ni>t the iiie.ins if o|iiiiing
large harrow.^ he found along this route
iliawing oil apace, and it w.i.- time lor tlieiii to lie at
their encampment, hut, as yi t. they could .see nothing
to tell them where they shuiild lest after a thirteen
hiiiirs' ride. Not far lufoie Them, there was a low-
stony ridge, and as they wen* :iM-ending this, three nun
tin ])late ; this and the knife and (ork excited their
curiosity, such articles being ipiite new to them. 'J'hev
line of the watciied him eat his dinner, and nothing could induce
Night was them to move till tlit; plates were taken awav, I)arma
Tsyren had ordered a sheep to be killed, which had
now been some time in the cauldron. When the
aniioniiceiiient was made that it vas reaily. lie was left
to hiniself; the whoha-iil, men, woini n. and ehildieii.
Were shortly enjoying the feast. It was his turn to Ih-
appeared oil its .summit ; they had come to guide them a looker-on, but he would not, lie ,say.s, disgust his
to their trieiid.s. While Mr. Atkinson had been sketch- readers by a description.
ing and thinking of Cieiighis Khan, the ( 'ossaeks and
Kalkas gaM- up the idea of reaching the a-ul, .as nothing
til indiiate its w hereabouts could be s«mii Tlnv had
After this meal was over, he ordered Tchnck-a-boi
into till' \aril, and desired him to it^k tlieir host to
give him liorsi s for their journey next inorning. He
gave them willingly, sa\ing all should be ready at ilay-
liu'ht. lie was told tint he wished to go to the Kiver
Tess, and was asked how Imig they should be riding to
it. In njily, he siiiil it was a day's journey, and that
it would lie niiicli better to leave their hoi.ses at his
a-ul, and go to the Tess with a small party of his
Jieople, To this Mr. Atkiii.soii at once ayreed, as their
animals would be thuronghly rested foi their long
journev, and he ordered that two ( 'ossack.s, 'J'chiicka-
(iiiiiid a nice little stream of pure water, and iileiity of
good i,'ras,s, with bushes for a tire. We leaclied them
in about half an hmir, when we found all parlies busy
with their evening meal ; our traveller was sooii laid
mit on the gra,ss, and hunger :.'ave a line relish to the
venison and tea. A Inn 1st before they had tinished eat-
ing, (lav w, as gone, ami night covered ail :iriiuiiil them,
In a few minutes all were asl. ep
Tliev left their camp in the morning, and continued
their ride in search of the Kalka.s, tnivelling over a , Imi. and K.ilmuek should go with him, and the other.'*
barren plain, almost withmit grass: in some places it remain at the a-ul in charge of the beasts. llarni;i
was deeji sand, in otlieis-, sjmd and gravel, which ren- Tsyren gave him fmir Kalkas and twelve horses, and
den d it rather trying f« r the hm-ses, .\t length they at daybreak they were in their saddles and away,
n ,11 lied some low hills, were tlnv found L'ra.ss, and;
good pastures extendi d over valleys. Hour alter hour
pa-sedaway, riding over the sjime monotonous coiinliy,
till about two o'clock, wln-n, to their great joy. they
saw oaiiiel.5 and horses feedino in a valh'V imt l.ir away.
1'hey now pushed on, and sleiitly came in siyht ot the
a-ul. I're.sently two men imt them, and conducted
thein towards the rliiet's dwilling, greeting them civilly, 1
II._M(>N«;oLIA.
Fkom l>aniia's a-ul their miite lay nearly duo north,
over grassy undulations wliiili gradually rose into
hills, with broad sweeping \alleys running east and
west. This w lis n beautiful country for a gallop, and
the Kalkas seemed inclined to try the mettle of their
and one rode on each side of our traveller, leading the ^ steeds in u chase after the antelopes, for many large
way to the yurt.s, which they found on tlie bank of u , lienis of these were observed at a <listanee, but never
small stream, running' int. 1 a hike at a small distanci'. within range of their rifles. About midday, while
They rode U)i to a I.ulo' iiie 1 elonging to the chief, who they began to asi end u high ridge, the view over the
was waiting hi-- annal He laid hold of the bridle of I'lan-kuiu I lesert s|iiead to the westwurd an fur ua
DP AND DOWN THE AMOOR.
2C5
the t've I'DiiM roach ; many small lakes wen; also si^cii
glitterili;! in tlio sun. At mn' time oiii- traveller i'aiieiod
lit' aj\il(l jierei'ivc the Ilka-Aral Nnr .--liiiiiiiL; in the
distant haze ; hut on aseemliii;,' higher, it jiroveil to
l>e a ;,'leani "f li^'ht slretehin^j aeiMsa the horizon.
As they neai'eil tho toji they hail a eharniinj^ prospeet
extending; thron),'hont the eoiintry they had crossed,
and till! iMoMiitain-chains to the south I'.isl. '{'he hlue
and |iurple liaze now ipread over them, dcclariiin that
they had left them far away in the distance. After
gazing lit this )iart of the landse.i|ie for a short time,
Mr. Atkinson tinned his liorso and rodi," to the siiinmit ;
then the Uhsa-Niir lay lieforo him, with the Jti\tM-
Tess winding in the valley heneath. The 'I'aniihii or
Altai Mountains were seen in all their giiiiideiii-,
while the vast ste|i|ies Btretclied away to tln' west,
till plain and sky seemed united in a misty tint. He
hastened to sketch the Scene, so jiec iiliar with its
lakes, moMiitaiiis, and Undulating ]ilaiiis. Tlie.se latter I
have a character unlike all Kiiiopeaii scenery ; and
must have pre>eiited a grand spi'ctaile when the vast
hosts of that harli.iriaii coiicpieror, (Iciigliis Kh.ii,
wer«> marehing over them. They were iiowBolitndp-, i
possessing neither man nor his dwelling, j
The ridgi! in wliiidi hi- was standing was a dti'p red
grnnite, in some )ilaces ruggeil and hiMkeii into singular
ma.sse.s. Thick vc-ins of loose ipiaitz ero.--se(l these rocks
riiniiing in |),ir,illel lines for two miles ; some jiieees
of (jiiarlz were seen transparent ami of a lieantil'iil
rose iMilour. Several of tin: \eiiis were from nine to
twelve inches thick, and many not more than three
inches wiile. Having liiiislied his sketch, they con-
tinued tlii'ir riilo along the crest of the niountain for
alio it an hour, and then descended into a narrow valley,
lollowing this down towards the l>i\i'r less. In alioiil
twip hours they reached the river, at a ]iait when' it is
a hroad and lapid streiiii, runuiiig hi'twcen hii^li rocks,
with trees anil hushes growing from the clefls. 'J'liey
turned to the westward and followed the river towards
tlielake. N'-. Atkiii.soii made several hi;,'hly inlcn st-
ing ski'tchi .s during this day's ride. Ou,. ,if them
looking from a cavern of large dinn M-i'iis oii tiie
Tess, at a little di.stance from where they eiicaiiiped, in
a Muall giM.ssy valley, not fir from the river. .\
(.'os.sack, Tchucka-hoi, and dmiick. having hreii
sent on ,a hunting expetlitioh, , n.-.l ilietu .sooii alter
dark, hiingiiig a line iher shot hy tin- K.ilnuick It
was not long liefon! tlit> lire was siiiroiiiidcd h\ small
sticks lioiling venison, and when our Iravelli i ' .\ down
to slei'p, the cooking was still going on
The Taiighu Motintains were enveloped in a dense
fog the next morning, while on the I'lisa Lake and on
the steppes the sun shone liiilliintly. I'liey started
eiwly towards the lake, an 1 .i lide of little m.u-e lli.in
an hour hrought them to its hanks, a few veists ti) the
southward of the liiver Ti'ss, and which, at this point,
their track. Ahoiit two hours after noon they arrived
on the hanks of a small lake, thi; water of which was
so exceeding hitler that the horses could not touch it.
They could .see that a small .1 .eaiii entered the lake
from the soutli ; to this they imide their way, and
ascertained that it was driiikalile. As no one could
tell if they should find water in the diiection they
were going, it was deiided that they should dine here,
and give the liia'ses a rest. To eook a dinner was,
with them, short wiak ; indeed, <air traveller say,*, he
has known the men make veiii.soii soup in half an
hour. They cut tlie nie.it into small jiicces. and the
nioineut it hoils. eat it. A little salt is thrown in —
ve;,'etahles they had none
They remained a'oout an hour and a half, then con-
tinued their journey, and shortly reached a sandy
steppe, almost destitute of \egetation, which ap]jcari il
to e,\ienil (O er a consideralile tract of country. The
Kalkas proposed a sharp ride, that they might cross
this liarien ]ilaiii hefoie nightfall ; and as no one was
inclineil to delay the pidgress, on they Went at a good
speed, hopin;r 1,, (jnd w.tter and jiastiire belore night.
They lontinued their trot, sometimes across sandy
valleys, and then iimon^' low hills .More than two
hours had passed away, and they were still riding over
this ariil ground. The Kalkas, thinking ihey were
going too far to tho south, jnopo-ed that they should
turn in a more easterly direction ; and .soon they got
into a more undiilaliiig country, with tufts of coar.se
grass, «hiili gave hopes of lindiiig pastnr.iee 'J'lie
sun was sinking fast, and lengthening tin ir shudows
ovi'r the steppe, when, on the summit ot a hill, they
ohseived a small lake in the ne.xt valley, with gieen
herhage roiinil ils shores, and two small stieains run-
ning into it. This was a gratifying sight— even the
animals appeai'cil to snilf the grass al.ir oil', .djil went
oil (piic-kei- A little liefoie dark thev le.iched the
lake, and found rich gra.ss \\'V the luixs The water
was flesh, a few Imslies were got li>r a lire anil they
soon midi' themselves coinfortahle. While riding
aloiii; till, i^'i-ass, sever.il s.'iipes Were- tliishiil, .Mr.
.\ikiiisoii. tlicicfore, lost no time in getting his doiihle-
I'li'i'el ami amniiinitioii, and in less than an luair
reluiiied with sni|ies and micks sullicieiii to li.iin u
supper for lialt'-a dozen ] pie.
The latter were given oi the ('ossacks; the hiids
and the vi ni-"ii wii-e ii a short time stewing, and
seiidiiii,' up a s 1 . .iiry smell, ecpial lo any from foyer's
kitchen It was a heaiilifiil ni;,dit ; i he sky glittering
with lir: lint stai>. ami Hot a sound heard, save the
crackling "f the hii>y fire, 'J'he hoi -i> had lieeii .so
s.-ciireij that thev could not slriy far iw.iy ; all hands
were lying il" i, som. eviii a.sleep, when suddenly
they lii'iiol liowling iit a di'-tame. 'J'he Kalmncks
and Kalkas sat up iu an instant ; it was a pack ot
woIms following their trick, and a distant howl every
Hat
A
uninterestui
to tl
le iioi'ili,
till
d now and then told tl
re iihrupt, hut of
mo
more than
great elev.itioii
Tl
sl.ir'ed
II that they were iippioachiiui
cled the hot
hundred \ ei>ts in
'til fi 1 east to tllelll on
it hot
<t, and thirty to tliirtv live iu width, wilh nuiii
we
hays running in
hi
11 V.
to tin
cscrl on the south.
Aft.
hiail' I
'IliN an
Il hail.
vveeli tlieln am
rrel
I till
ses, and seciiieil
hey
d a dollhle ha
at the servi.e
Loin, winch was
i.f till
'se sagacious
Hiking two skelches, Mr. .Mkiiisoii contiiiiiid his ride .scoiiniln Is. should they venture to eonio within reacli,
.ng tl
till tl
lev came to a river ruiiiiinjr ititi
ihicti the Kalkas thoiiLdit certain.
till
iiiimit
The lii
the lake from the soiilli. This was a deep ami slug- great r.ivai;cs among their cattle fiviiuently.
gish streiim, which it wouhl have heeii very dillicillt to was ne.iily out, hut it was tlioii;;lit hi'tter that they
cross, on aeooiiiit of the high sandy hanks. From this should reci'ivi' the rohlurs in the dark, or let them
jilace, they turned .south-east to m. ike for the iiiil of , come ijiiit
hi
' a liijlit was shown, when ihey
l>a
iiyn
I'piii,
Ideralilv
the Wesi
t of! should he ahle to .see them, and at a si;»iial, p'
! I
III:
I 1 1
li
It
I;
I '■ I
Im
aM
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
,\ volley. A;;;iin tlic\v licinl tlicm iumi'i'V, I'viilinlly in timl iiciii(> couUl lie olituiut'd neai' tlicni ; tlicrt'toi-o it
full scent lit' tlii'ir giinic, ami all lay nady mi the niii^t iinw ]»■ imly liy a most vigilant watch llial llicy
griHiiicl walcliinj; llicir a|i|iinacli. It wa-s nut, luni; cmiM save llicir liorscs, 'I'lie lULtlit liecanie mtv ilark,
lieturc tlii'V c.iiilcl hear 'heir t'cct lieiit (ill the jjfimiicl i;iiil iinihini; cnilhl lie seen at a slmit distance ex-
is they i;allci|Mil tovvanls tlieni. In a very few niimiles cepting luwaicls the lake, where any ilark iilijeet
I he troi)|i came ii|i, ami itave a sava-je hii«l. 'I'he men ciiiihl lie ciliserved against the dim light (ill the vatel'.
imw placed scHiie (lr> luishcs iin the tire and lilew it ii|i Sliar|i and keen eyes were jieeping (iiil in evi'iy
iiitii a liright llame, which sent its red glare far lievdiid directimi; Imt mi wulf was seen <ir sdiiiid heaiil.
them, discldsiiig their ears and tails erect, and their The Kalka> said the \v(ilv('s were wailing till all was
eyes llasliing tire. At this instant a signal w:us given, still, when they weiild make a dash at the hdises.
:<iid a Volley was |io\ire(l in with deadly eH'cct. The They had lieeii watching for a long time without the
lidirilile hdwling which they set U|i declared that slightest nioveineiit, when twii iif ilie Inn-ses lieeame
mischief had lieeii done 'I'liey did not strive to eolleet uneasy, tugging at the thdiigs, and snorting. The
their gaiin- — that might lie found in the inorning clouds rolled dtF. the stars slionc fni-tli, and reflected
Their pieces were re Idaded as (|uickly as pdssilile, as ' more light on the lake. I'loeiitly, hdwling was
the Kalkas w:;"ne(l them that the wdlves would return heard in the distance, and I loick-a liiii declared that
- -they could hear tlieiii siiailiug, and some nf the another pack of wnlvcs was eoming. When they
winiiided howliiiL', hut too tar away fur them to risk a approached iicirer, those who had lieen so (iiiielly
.shot. The lire was let down, and tlu'y remained jierfectly kee|iing guard (^ver iheiii liegaii to growl, and let thi'ni
(piiet. know that they weii' not far away. As it was now
They were not left long in igiioraiiee as to their in- deemed ali.solutely necessnry to pidcnre some luishes
tentioiis. .Slioitlv there wms a great cnmimitioii .imdiig four of the lueii crept (piiilly aloiiu; the shore of the
the horses, when they il
dividi'd, and were steal-
ing up to the animals
■ 111 each side, lietweeii
them and the water ;
the Kalkas and K.il-
niucks rushed up td the
steeds, littering loud
shout.s, and this drove
tlie Wolves hack. It
was now iifce.-^sarv to
guard the horse-; on
three >ides. as they
could hear the savage
lirutes (jilite near, and
the men aiiticipateil
that they Would make
a rush, cause the ani-
mals to lin-ak Iddse,
and then hunt them
down. If this hap-
pened, they Willi Id lie
moruint;, as those that
ivered that the pack had lake, two of them aimed, and in alioiit ten minutes
returned, each having
:in ainifiil of fuel. The
emlels wire kindled,
and inaleiial ]ilaced on
lljein to lie lilown into
a flame the moment it
was wanted. The sound
that they had heard in
the distance had ceased
for .some time, when
suddenly there was a
great colnliiolion ; the
other wolvi s had come
up. and the smirting
and growling lieeaiue
luridiis. How much
a light was w islied for,
whereli\ to walih tlie
liattle which appeared
likely to ensue. For a
left without horses in the | time there appeare(l to he individual coinliuts ; hut
VIEW OF ALEXANDROVSK, ON THE BAY OF CASTRIES.
11., .renei-' .os. aiid tluiiall Ipciaiiie laliii as
liefore. .\gain they wailid, h.oking out fur more than
half all flour, when the horses liegaii ]inlliiig and
plunging violently ; still they eonld see iidthing. The
in.iii now lilew the eniliers, and in a (t'w miiiutes
the luishes hurst up into a Ma/e. when they saw a
:,'ioiip ijf I'ight or ten wuhes within tit'teeli paces, with
others 1m voiid. In a nioiui nt they got the coiitents of
holh hairels ; at the same instant the oilier liieli
were not killed would lie
Mallered far over the steppe. A (Jossaek and a K.il
niiick turned to guard the approaches on each side, and
-Mr. .\tkiiison remained watching the front. Tlie lire
w;ls now lii,'liled. and krpt ill a constant Idaze In the
Kalkas adding sm.'ill luishes, iind this eii.ililed them to
Fee as well as hear their s,i\a4e enemies. I'rescntlx.
their glaring eyehalls were discerne(l moving to and fro
nearer and nearer; then their gri.sly forms could he
distiiigiiished pushing i.ieh dtlhr on. Atthis inomeiit, liicd, when the pack set n]( a frightful howl and
the rifles craek( d to tliH riilht, and the lire sent up a s. mipereil off.
liiighl light, which eiialiled our traveller to make sure I'he lire was kept Idazing for .some time, hut they
of diie felldW as he turned his side tuwards him lie wiienot di.stiirlied again during the nighl . .\t day-
sent the sei'oiid hall into the )iaek, and more than one liiilit they e.x.imined the ground, .ind found eight Wdhes
must have liei'ii wiiiindeil, livthc how ling w hich arose dead, others had lieeii wiiiinded, as they ascertained
in that direction. The other men had lireil, he did not hy tniees left on the siind ; and the men eariied ofl'
doulit, liiit with eipial ell'ect ; for he wiis certain thi-v the skins of the slam as troplii( s of the eng.igemeiit.
would not throw a shot away. In a few minutes. The Kalkas inl'oriiieil Mr. Atkinson that these hruteH
the growling ceaseil, all I all Wius still, excepting the destroy many of I Inlr hoi ses und cattle : that thev are
snorting of seme of the horses. ISotli Kalkas and more nuinerous to i he westward, and Would give tht'Ul
Kalmucks assured him th.if the Wolves would make tioiil.le mi their join lu'V in thai direction .
another attack, ,'ilid .said llial iio niie must .sleep mi his I'hey stalled mi towards the a id, slill (o the weHt-
p<iht. w.ird of their fii r track, and were riding over u
To iucrea.se their dilEnulty, they had few bushes left, most iiniiiteicsliii;, . (iiiiitry. A heavy, samly steppe
"nsr—
UP AND DOWN THE A MOOR.
267
lllTt'till'C it
til. It tlit'y
MTV (lark,
stlllll'l' t'X-
rk (ilijfct.
till' VltttT.
ill every
ml lii'iii'il.
ill all was
111' 111 uses,
itiiiiiit till!
I's lifciiiiie
inj,'. 'I'lii!
I llll.-Ctl.l
kiiiift «as
lart'il tliat
lit'li tlicy
ill i|iiii'lly
<i Id tlicm
was luiw
III' Illl.sill'.S
iri' lit' the '
II liiiiiiiti's
I'll liaviii]^
til.'l. 'I'he
' kiiiiiliMJ,
Jilai't'l on
liiuii into
iiiiiiiciit it
TIlI'Mlllllll)
lii'ai'il in
lail i-<'!iM'il
III', wlun
It' was it
tii'ii ; tlie
liail coiiu'
snorliii;,'
M-raini'
liiiii'li
nil till',
<li tliu
|M'ai'i'il
l'"(ii' a
1 ; Imt
iiliii as
n tliaii
ami
K. Till'
illlltt'.S
•saw a
•, with
flits of
liii'li
anil
rr
iW
It llii'y
U ilay-
«li|\ I'S
rtaiiii'il
n.'.l (itr
I'liirnt.
Ill'lltfC
IV are
lilt' 111
west-
lU'layf'l them nuioh ; liiit after a tliree liours' riile they ] when struck with force af;ainst tlips« rocks. Wliilc
were oiiee more on a fjrassy turf at a good sjieeil. It thus eiii;am'il they suiMeiily hcanl a shout, an^l hioking
round, they olisi-rvcd the two Kalkas run a short dis-
tance, then stoji. ami limk at some oliject. fn an instant
lliey were ii|i and ran to them. The cause of their
alarm was |i(iiiitei| out, about ten yards in front of them,
in tlio sliii|ie of a largo 8er|ii'iit coiled upon a rock,
with his Iliad oK'vated alioiit eight indies, his eyes red
like tire, and his-ing furiously. They knew that his
liite was exceedingly dangerona, and were afniid to
a|i|iroai'h too near to him. A rillo wa.s unslung in a
iiiiiinte, and the lie.irer of it lay "lown, getting a rest
on a rock. Suddenly the rejitilo lowered his head into
his coil, |Mii'ing over one of his folds. 'I eliiick a-lmi
was not till late in the evening that they saw camels
and hor.ses wending their way towards hoine. After '
thi.s they soon reacheil the a ill, and Darina Tsyren '
give our travellers a kind welcome ; Imt when he lic.ird
of the attack of th" wolves, and saw the skins, he was
delighted. This ciroiimstancu atru'ded the trilie a siih
jeot for conversation long after their di'|iai'tiire, nor
will they soon forget tlio event. Twoof tlieskins were
iirdercil to lio liroirght in and ]iresi'nted to the chief, to
his infinito gr.itilic.ition.
A gold night w.i3j)a.ssed with his host, and soon aiii'r
day dawned our traveller inoiiuted and continued his
journeyoveragriwsy, undulating ste|i|ie, for six orsevin .'id va need two or three paces, when ii|i it went again.
hours, without seeing one living thing exc.'|iting their
own |> irty. The ineu desired tliat they should stop at the
tirst fresh w.iter, wliich they s;iw not far distant —a
small stream riinniug acnxis the stejipe. To the south
of tli'iii were sever.il 1 ikes, some of them of consider-
alilediiiiimsioiis, hut .siiid to bi; all of them salt. Having
reached the stream of fresh water, the horses |iluiii,'ed
in and drank their fill. I [ere they dined, rested their
animal.s, an 1 then role forw.ml. .V short distance lie
yond they entered upon a iKirren waste, stn-tching
away for many versts While riding along, Mr. Atkin-
son collected numerous beautit'ul sjiecimens of agate
and chalcedony, and also a few pieces of sardonyx.
TiMVoUing south brought them to .some hiw ridges of
il.ii'k purple rock, spotted with red, extn'iiiely hard,
and capihle of ri.'eeiviiig a very high polish. Crossing
these give them luiu'li troulilc, as the ro. ks were sharp
and pointe I ; inle'd, it was exceedingly dilliciilt for
the horses to walk over them.
These .stony ridges sw irniecl with soi'|ieiits — thev
were lying coiled up, but they weie ipiiekly made
liissing forth his detiaiice. Our traveller now got his
head fair in the lead of the litle, touched the triggir,
a:id the leaden niessenger piil'ornied its duty. His
body S|ii-;ing out ot its coil, hut lieadles.s, and writliiiig
in many folds. The nun were npoii liim with their
wlii|is ; but iiolwithstaiiding their lieavy lilows, it was
at le.'ist fen minutes befoie the reptile lay still. He
was then stretclieil out. and nieasnred li\e feet two
inches and a half without his head, and four inches and
a ipiarter round his body. Mis colour was a dark
brown, with greenish iiiid red marks mi his sides, and
his aspect imliiated. if it may he so expr.'ssed, deadly
poison. Th"y were obliged to continue their walk for
a couple of versts fiiither, jiassing many of the slaty-
green reptiles, niid two or three black ones, but the
other two Npeeii s they did not meet again. After
crossing that st 'iiy track, thev came tipon a sandy
[ilain extiiiiling to a considerabh? distance.
The il.iy was fir aihaiiied, which rendered a ipiick
ride over this die iry steppe ab.solntely iieee.ssary.
There was neither grass nor water to lie seen in any
aware of their presence by seeing their heads rear up, direction, but they must be found if possible, bet'ore
and le'irin^ them hiss as they pi^s.il. Some mo\cd iii^lit set in. Their route lay in a soiith-we.sterly
otf, others wen- not ini'lined to in ike way, and many dire tion. and tleir jace a gallop. After riding a
were killed with the heavy thongs of their whips. little more than two hours they got among tufts of
Any iniii who should be compelled to take up his steppe grass, as.sociated with a thorny bush, bearing
quarters for the night on these rid,'es would soon have yellow and deep purple lloweis, similar in form and
some nnpleisint bed fellows. Koiir varieties of these
reptiles were oliservecl — a black one, three teet eight
indies long, and about one inch and an eighth in di.inie
tcr ; this fellow w is very act i ve. .\ notlier was of slaty-
gi't'v lour, from two to three ii'ct long, and smaller in
diameter than the black sii.ike, This breed was nume
rolls, an 1 ofli'n ditlicult to see, th v so nearly reseiii
bled the colour of .soine of the rocks. Tin
obliged to dismount and walk, fe.iriiig t'
Stl'
p)ie
size to the hedge-rose. They contiiiiied to ]iush on,
imr was it long before they began to descend towards
a\allev running towards the westward, where a bright
sihery band imlicaled the liipiid they sought. Its
presence w.is geiier.illy recognised, the horses pricking
lip their ears, and exlendiiig their necks as they rode
down into the grassy valley. They tnrneil towards the
had lieeii iie.inst point, where they observed bushes growing on
lame the the b.iiik of the stream, and in less than an hour were
horses, which often nearly tro(l on tlieiii without seeing looking into the crystal Hood with feelings of inten.se
iheiii. t >iir traveller's long shooting boots were a com- gratification. Ilotli iinii and animals rushed to the
plete protection to his legs, and ho had .seen too many water to ipieiich tin ir scorching thii-st. The river was
of these reptiles to fear them ; nevertheless, he had a about twenty yards wide and about forty feet deep,
great dislike tf) their company. They also found some running sluggishly towards the west; but whether it
of an ashy -green and black, with th'ep crimson .specks found its way to the hjabakan or to the Kara Nur,
on the side; as they moved along in the siin the the Kalkas coiild not tell, nor did they know its name.
colours were most brilliant. ><oiie of these which they j A coiincil was held b\ the whole band, touching the
saw exceeded three I'eet in length, but they did not kill i )irobability of a visit from the wolves. The Kalkas
one of them. thought they could scent their track and find them
A <\issack, Tdiuck-a-boi, two Kalk.'Ls, and our befoie many hours had passed ; it wa.s, therefore, agreeil
traveller, had walked on a head, leaving the others to that the huses should feed until dusk and then be
lii'ing on the hor.ses. The latter was occupied exaniin secured on an open space, belweeii tho encanipment
ing the rocks and trying to obtain s..mi' greenish and the river; that three men should keep wateli,
yellow oryatals, with the assistance tif the I 'oss,'ick and changing every two hours, and a large tire be niain-
Kalmucl. I hit all their elforts were fruit less the tiieetained llirough the night. Sntticieiit fuel for thin
and edge of their geybiiieal luimmers turned like lead purpose was collected, and all preparations made fo>-
I
i; ' I
I i
■ I
1
i] -
: 1
s (
263
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
ilffiMin- ; i\(ifr this ilu-y -^iiiiimhI. ami miiiy of tlioni
wtTti MMiii sipiiinl ;».n1<-«-|i Tiv.. Wiitolies [Klsst'd iiiiilis
tiirln'il, but tlu' tliinl li:ui ii-l Ufii Inn:.' oii their |>(ist
whi'U a Ciissjii-k sh'»ik xiir tr.i\i-liiT s arm ami l<M iiiiii
thi' Wiilvrs »i'r>' rinisiiii; In a l"i« iiiiiiiitrs tlii'V wire
up ainl ri'ailv l<> rf|pfl an att.i-li. .hi'ulii tlio luiitcs
aclvanee. A hnjjht lir.- >in-<l a strnni; li^lit tor lit'tv
yanls ap'uiitl tln'iu ; U-vtind tlii~ »:i> tiiii'k ilarknrss,
which the t-y.- rmihl ii-.l |>t-n<'trat<'. Tlio Imrsi'S wi'IT
;<till. not a ■iojinl i-oiihl 1«' ii<-:tr<l. aiil tliis coniinni'il
for trn or tit't.i-n !iiiniit<-<. wIk-ii the imise of a distaiit
howl was wafteil i.v.-r the plain ; there they were, sure
enough. It was so Ion;; U-fon- tiny heanl it a;;.(in the
man tlion^ht that the wiilvts lia-i filleii in with a lierd
of ilier. oil which they werv lea-tin:.'. Tlie wateh was
ejialigeil. the tire ma<le Up. aiul they l.ty down to sleep.
.\ little liefore daylii;hl they wen- a:;ain rou.sed, when
tln-y heard the wolv«-s ipiite iiear. Imi eoidd not see one.
A most viifil.mt li>.k-"Ut w.is kept up Imt not one
I'ame within the r:in:.'e of their vi>ion until dav dawned,
when a lifoup of I'i^'ht op ten weiN- s«-i'n sitting ami
standi^:.' aliout tour h>iiidr---l y.mls distant t'roni them.
The Kalkas thought that they had Ii^t reeeived a fjood
share of the vi-ni>.»n i-;iu;;iit l.y the jtiek in the night.
Two horses WiTl' unfustelied and ieil over the pl.ijn.
under cover of which tli>-y ho|K-<l to get w ithin ninge
of the depr.d.it..|-». leu ,s,-ar.vly liad they re, died to
within three hundr>-'l y.irds -.f them, when they heat a
retreat, g'iiig i-\\' at a >l..w |mie. Three l.ullets were
.sent after them, which ai-celi-nittfl their speed, hut did
them no d.iniage.
The lior>es were turn»-l out t- f'-<'d ; then two Cos-
.sacks, with Tcliiii-k a-l-d ainl Mr AtkiiiMui .set off in
ipiest of gaiiio. Th'ir l.irder wa-s very low, and, tinless
something wjf. produc>-<l. th'-y Wiuld h.iv<-aii insiirticieiit
dinner. They accnrdiiiirly dej«.irt«-<l. in p lirs. in ■lillirent
directions, anil, .ifiera w.iik iif t«" hours, met ag;'in at
the encimpineiit : the wlede pPMluce of their rities
l>eing two ducks, a swan, an-l a |tdicaii l^iii.'e game
they ha<l seen n..rie. thew.-in-- having driven them off.
< hi their arri\;il. ill hiieU «er ■ rvad\ to ilejiart. and in
a lew minutes they were pre^~iiig th. ir journey along
till- Iraiik of tin- 1 i\er. Alter riding al-iut an hour, the
Kalkas di>ii>\ered .in ohj.-t-t. l>y which thev knew the
direetiipii of tlii' Kan nur They left the river, riiling
more tottarils tin- north-»>-»t. and .si«>n n-tcheil .-oiiie
liigher gr'.uml. which jpive thitii .-» view far over the
country. The nverthey h.i-1 j-i-t loft, after rnmiing in
a Westerly direction t"r tw • thr.-e versts, tuiiieil
almo.>t directly south Tii<y ■ ..uld tr.iif itscoinso for
.1 liuii: distal until it .•ip|»-ir>-.l l.t>t inalu-il of reed--.
extending over .in imi'i'ii««- tr.uk. in which wiiese-n
Hinall spai-es of o|»n w.ii.r .VU.iit thi«M o clock i.i
the at'tiri n. tiny tir-t .aught si;.'l.t of K.ira nur. or
•• I'il.e k Like." and the r \ er w ich run- into ir. :iiid in
il'oiit an hour w.-re "ii it~ ni>riiierii shore. The lake
IS not large, imr is thei>' aiiytliiii;; pi> tui-e~<|iie aliout
it. They f.Miml gi"»i pi.«tiin' for tlnir hor.^s. and
oh.served hiimlreds of wa'erfottl swiiiiiiiiiig on the
lake. They continue. I tin ir j.iuniey t.-wards the
Kirgliis. rcproi nti.l l.y the Kalk:is to l>e ,i set of
di'^lKTilc haielim. wur-f than w..|ves. alid ■•■■tistant'v
plundc'rinn ; Imt our tr.ivtdh-r .iid not iM'lieve hII tlic
ill reportecl i,t' them.
The eisteiid of tli>' hike an.I tlie river weie sur
rouinled hy a thick U-.I ..f n-'-K •xteii.lin:.' far int.. the
steppe .As wil.l Imirs .ir-- ii>ii.«ri\ t'.lM- loiitel in .-inh
plitoea, a Uossiick, Tchuck-a lx>i, uiid .Mr. Atkinson, ,
mounted fresh horses, ami sallied forth in ipiost of
this giiiiie. In many places, the p-iils ro>e far aliove
their hi'ads, and often the li.>rses were up to the saddlc-
tiaps in water. Still they IimIc on in the hope of finding
game, and .saw in licttioiis of thegrouml having recetifly
heeii turned up ill many places in .si-.m h of ro..ts. Not
witlistan. ling how I'Vi'f, .-ill the tnices. th.v were ol.lii.'ed
to return after a long ride without having wen a single
animal. One duck was cooked f..r .Mr Atkinson'.s
evening meal ; the other, with thesw.in. ami the ]»di-
can, were made into smip. and eaten with great relish
I'V his coni|i.iiiions. Suli.se.|nently. the same precautions
were taken to jirotect the li.irs.s against any attack of
wolves ; hut night iias,se.l, and morning l.roke, without
their heing oni-e disturhed.
A thick fog was hanging over the lake ami river,
which gr.idiially heg.iii to risi-, U-tokening a hot dav.
Ciood l.ye wius .slid, w li.-n the two little luirties .se|i;i
rated ; the Kalkas returning t.. their a-nl, the re.-,t
proceeding ill .search of tli.' Kiver ItjaUikaii. There
was always a regret on jKirtin^ with men who hail
sliai>'d the toil .iiid ilani;er of a J.iurney. Thesi- men
had stood lira\cly to their h..rse> when the wi.Im-.s
made their grand attack u|ion them, ami now thev
parted never to meet a:.'ain N'.i on.' of the partv li.id
.my knowieilgi' of tin- country tlir..ui:li wliiidi tlnv
were ahoiit to ride ; they only kn.'w tli.it l>y foil. .wing
a south-westerly dire.ti.iii they s!i..iil.l strike ii|H.n the
njaliakaii; Imt wheih.r in one or tw.i days no one
c.iild tell. So.iii att.r leaving th.' Kara nur, thev
eiitcri'd upon an arid plain extending tar into the
rian kum desert ; it was .i dreary wa.-te. without either
vegetation or water. The lanler agiiin was nearlv
empty, and they could not ex]Hvt to lind g:une in such
a region.
After riding several hours, the ii.untry became
rocky, with lofty ridges and narrow- valh-v.-*, quite des-
titute of vegetati.ui. Ill one of tlieM-wa> a siii ill lake
surroiilide.l hy hiL;h pre.ipiccs ; this was I'luii jur. with
its caverns, descrihed l.y the K.ilkas They .-^;^v that
Shaitan has his dwelling here; if .so. he ha.s shown
great tiiste ill selecting a ni".-t rolnaliti.- sjn.t ; indeeil.
the view from one of the caM-rrK^ is ).ailicularlv wild
and hcautiful. This cavern is fornie.l i.iit of a com
pact yellow limestone, and extends int.. the r.K-ks almiit
I'liO feet ; if is about tin feet whle. atnl S<j fit-t high,
ami makes a inagiiiliceiit natural chanilier. ( >n leaving
the lake aid a.-ceiiiliin; the opposite height, they got a
view over the ]ilain I., the .s..utli. on to whii-h tli.-y
ilescenilcd thr. mgh a ravine.
Having traMJliil >.iiiie hours .smne |.>w hills appeurcil
miiiy ir-ts distant ; tiny were, li.iwe\er. delighte.l to
lind a l.irge lake stietihing far bey. .ml tln-iii. As they
appro.nheil nearer, trees ami r.Mk- ap|ieanil stamling
..p its >horc-s, casting their rctl.ctioii ..ii its surface, ami
giving h. .pes of liii.ling l.eai.tiful >cen.ry.
They hail liildeii more than an hour but .-ip|>t-ared no
nearer the lake — in fact, the water n-i-ed<il. 'I hey
now s.iw that a inira'.;e had eaiis«-<l this delusion ; tor
•iftcr riding a couple of hours nimv it v.inishtil, chang-
ing the a|i|H'ariince of a U-autifiil lake into a barren
waste .\t length, after ri.ling nnny weary vei>t.-..
they saw a small lake with a little stream falling' int.*
it. Here thiv found .i loai-e. gr.is«y. turf growing on
the banks of the little river and ar.-und the lake.
I.oiig Icfore the sun went down thev r> ached the
water, whii-h proved to Im- g...M| .in.l -«.<t and this
decided them to remain the night. Nulicing at uu
UP AND DdWN THR AMOOR.
•M\f
gn-at .listanrfl spvoral fliM'ks (if lari,'o hinls rcfilini; on
lliA jilaiii, 11 Ciis.>i.(ck HI
Kiiit, a Jiii|iam<'i
(I Mr Atkiiisnri stuliil
i liv t«i( Kaliiiiiiks Icailiii:; li<
I"
1.'
vliicli iiieaiiH llii-y 1iu|iim| tn ;,'it williiii rilli: (ii>laiii'i' nf
tlic" ({iliK'. Til'" Kiiliiiiicks ;,'i'ailually a|i|)i(iail]ril tin-
liinl.s l)V"uiii^ riiuiiil in a tlrrlf, uml tluv witc nil well
I'ltei-iMl liv till- lic)i-^i-i. At li'iiiitli tin! nil'
II St,
tho ('ii-i-i.irk ami <i ir tiMViliiT lny flat on tin- i,''"iiii'l.
Ill liavin^ iildailii il a pnul si;;lit, two of tlii' tlmk '
I in
itU- str.'Irllfil ill
in till- Iilrllll
As t
II' olhils
liil not fly awav, tliiir
;aiii a|i[iroai-lii-'l llic Mr Is witli ••i|iial sii
II' liimli'il, ami tlii'y
;. l.iit this
tiiiii- tin- tliirk Willi fir awiy. Tiny now ;,':itlii'ri'il up
bfir gainu uiii
1 ascurtaiiieil tlieiii to bo four fii
liiistanls.
11 conks wi'ii' I'ViT iiioio active in
their
111 rii|Kitioii than till' pirly witu in pii'|iaiiii>; tlii'so
liiiils fill- till' |iot, ami wlii-n sti-wi'il tlii'y wcii' ili'liciuus.
11
•aiitiiilis au'aiiist wolv
le ii-iia' p
pi'att'il , a.i I as tlii'ir sality ilipimliil on tlii-ir ImiM
tlii'V wi'if fjiiaiili'il with the utmost can'. Again tl
niglit j)!isseil over in pi-ari' ami ipiiet.
1 1 1 . _T i I K S U I .T A N S O F T 1 1 K SI' I'', 1 ' I • I : S
I'KfR'KKIilMi on tliiir wav. at'tcr tl
wilil lioar hunt, foljowiin; thi'
it li:i.^ti'in'<l into tin' hil
thi'iki
• of tl
little
liMi-sic.n lit .1
11' liver niitll
e ii.iitv iiiishi
hoMlv onwanl throUi,'li a sterile eountiy of liiutle hills
ami \ alli'Vs, They ernsseil the i're>t of a riil^e which i;ave
tlniii thiir tii>t viiw
if the (iiilii— that
St wasto
<teiiiliii._' fiuni kissilliash Nur
lieil lll'.iil Lak.
were toll! th.it the piity hail come from tho Ubsu-
Nur, and were going to the Uhinyur,
Tlii'v nowlonrnoilthatthea-nl was a very la
•ge
.1
liiliimr,.,| tu Suit III liaspasihan; also that they woulil timl
him with his trilie. K\eiy Kir;;hi.s that they iiasscil
hail his liatile axe haii<'in
his sailiile, hut whether
this was ail'ipteil as a.
thev ciitllil lint tell
seiunty a;,'ainst man or animals,
After goiiu; nil a tew versts, a
Kii'.''iis c ime gall'ipiiii,' u|i to point out the positiiiii of
the ;i ul, then left ihiiii ami imle fa-t towarils it. as if
till
atrmil I;
warm re
lit ot their arm
'^ultan an
1
IM',1 1,
nil to hasten to
'I'l
rtiiniH' of I'iviiii'
tl
leiii
■tloll.
A sli..rt rule further limuu'ht them to tho top of a
Il;i', I eymiil which they liinkeil ilnwn upon the camp
111 the hank of h small stream in the valley.
rom tlie viir
Aliout a M-r>t ilistaiit fr
liilily four or livi' verst^ loic.;, .-iii'l
lui'ilth. Oil (in,!
ts la
I lake,
il a fi
I>l
as a thick heil uf
rceils ami
on the other a ;,'rassy .sji uc, mi which sheep aid goats
Were scatterel aliout in greit liiim'iers, Thev now
iiiservi'il sevi'r.il men spriii-.; ou their liir
am
1 riih' to
meet tlieiii -this was
When thev met. one
his haml on .Mr. Atki
'crtaiiily a missinn ot peace.
;)f the liii'li rode up to them,
St,
iayiiig
Am 111 ■ He folliweil the exiinple, aiiil they loile on.
As tl
lev .ililir.ii,
'heil. th
.1 t
I) lie il ''i-cat Com
motinii in the a 111; twn Kiri;liis had mounteil their
ami giiie oH" ,it full gillop. ( )il
lers well
ciillei'tlll'
lillshi
111 all
•I
•il.
' liii
Th.
ili'iiit S7 K. IoIil; ). to the Siiilki .Mouiilaii
p.Hi'ort ''uiileil them to a
yii.'t, with a long sp:
K ImiL.'. I. mule than I'.ooil miles in IciiljiIi, ami varyiic,' l,].,,!^
'■* ll-" stuck into the grouml at the iloor, uuil a long tuft of
fi-iHii :iiMi to 7<><> miles in wiilth. Mr. .\tkiiison ili:
iteil t'
> cxamim
these
to the ea-t, stietclu
the ( fiilii, with its nuiiilii
istalice.
T, till
ith 111
the ."'svali >haii (th
hi'.'li
s riili.'es vanishing oil' into
^.iw the snowy summits of
iioiintain in ( 'eiitral Asia I,
with I'liivila I'ia " White Miiiintain " (its liie|ic>t peakl
ri-ing frniii aliove all nth^
iiiMiii the sli
■-. >iiliseipiiiilly tiny ealiie
Il I 111' .\siatic hollies iiiarcheil
lioise liair w,i>
h
iiiliiig troiii lieneath its glitti'r-
iig lieail. A li
lie tall mall
it him at the ili
II ir
III
caught the reins of Mr. Atkinson's hriille, gave him lii.s
liamlti
Th
leiialilehiin t
LS was the Sii
iioiiiit.an
Ih'ill
mil III
to till
l!as|
lasihali. whn wek'oim
ll h
into hisilwcllin
111
w.is a .stii
iiililv-faieil man.
llre.sseil in a Llack \c,\ct kalat eil^iil will
wore a ilei
111 their eXIiC'lltloTl t'l till' «i>t.
I'l
licail
p crimsnii
le next ilav, utter
sh.iwl
ll
III h
Ileal cap. ti'iiiil
I salile, ami
waist : on his
leil with fox-
passiii'.' to the siiuth-i.ist a singular ilou.u-sluipcil hill. i^\
which proveil to have lieen thrown up lik
hkiii. Willi an
e iiiime liu;;i
lasaltie luililile liv a volcanic action th.it had rnllcd
lowiii;; Ills
iri.'in ca
It fr,
fell her liallgiliL' from the top,
( Jell
lava down t:
lie
le nil^'lllMilllK
ia\ nil s. tliiv liriiliia
A »li.
ll. .1 t.
rp
warcl.s till'
,d 1,1
kept t.i tl
le west Hal,
the diiectii'ii of KiiLihis.'anil sh,,i tlv allcr noon an
a ul (eiicimpmeiit ) was seen anion:; smiu' low lulls
eiirht or ten veists ni^taiil. .\fler a coiisullatinii. they
dceim-il it lieHt topriici "(1 t.i it, and see li,,w its iiihali
ihl treat .st|-aiii.'cr>. In
taiit.s Will
were riding thrniiLrli a lariie
Ic'l't time
,1 nfla
the Kir,/his hcrdsmcii caiiie uii and asked when,
had
[ind wliithcr Ihxv were gmiii
'I'll.
' Tim Kirirlii* are iliviiliit liile tliri'? lionlr
all iiinri' iir
!.■••
triliiitarv 1,1 Uus^ia, altliiin;;)i tia'V h;
khans uf tliiir iimii.
111.
.'V ar.' all walnliTcr
r till' iiiiiiitrii'S lh-t\v,'i'ii l)iii>k ai
,.1 till
t'.isiiiau .<r:i. liiiir 11, cii|iati,iMs i-,iii«i>t in liinitiiii;, ti' in^' ami
lirciilinL; c-.ittli', and ,-f tut! lato-r lln-v tia
til
liii|;
iiA vicinity.
\i' iiniii,'ii>e ill', v.". m
Tl
(|iiiring tlieni. 1 lie
1- V an. lint t'-nisii
nlv
l.rcil
ll
iiii'i in till' 11
la
„l,',,f
tmiio ,inly wi I, mi; I'l ii pia,-i' as t i-rc i
T'lruja fur tli.'ir Ih-xsts. p'tiiiiL'. in winter a« ii.sir tin' wh'.U
|«i-5ilili', fur tlie BilvantaL'i* el fnil, tlnaiirli in iii'-t iiai-U ti,'
ilrii'il iluni.' iif tliiir c.itl!.' |ire\iili'< i ready nml itll, i.'iii -iilmi-
»tnti'. 'I'lu'V are in ir.'i" nil " niiseialil* ami li'.thy niei". " var.uly
iliiriiijj the wunii wt-ather," 8;i\* Captain r-'eiirunf, " iU'uriiiiig
'.liMnwlvn a jiair of tri>u«?r» fur ciininnii (liecney
h.
Atki
ijii t had
iltlie
i.'.'Ii siu'eail, on
It lie
.'h
whi.h hi
iiositi
SI 'all
I'lok-
Mr,
iii\ iti'd him to :t seat hesid
satistaeti.
'i'he tliveller
c him. which e\iileiitly gave
II.
In a fi'H- minuii'S twn liov.s elitereil,
hr
iiii^liil,' III t.'a aii'l liinl
Tl
icV were (Iresseil in
striped silk kalats. wiili t',,\skiii caps on their heads,
and g
rei'ii
two SOILS.
shawls
Tl
iinl their waist.s.
Tl
lev were liia
le >illtaii:i was out on a V|,-1I t,> the
of another Sultan. t\
T
la\ s |,,uiiiiv distant.
Ik
le Vint wasa lai ;,'e iiiie. Willi silk curtains liaiii,'iii
111 on.' side, cov.rini' tl
•piiii.' pi'icc — lied it was
not.
voar to this si 1
tlleV lielci l\ .'I
ll ll fa
I that
-111
laineil to th.
(a la
nil' licrclies
id
(■Ml
>]
ler-
111 .nt.'riii,' the vurt kenl
at a 1)
On the
rtt'iil ilistaiiee from th,' ti'athercd nn
iHisite side w.'ii'
tliri'c kids ami tv
iiii.'ircl
lamli'
ceureil 111 a sinal
i.'iriau caijit
link
1 The
Is 1,1'liiiid ll
s a iiih' of hoxe
aretiillv senire.l witli mh
I
and the
iloi'h. I'li't
il',.|.
iUli'Is
mil the door sit eight or ten Kirgliis watching
ween them
their
pria'eeililii.'s with gna
a u'roiip of wonnii, with tl
lix.'d on the siranger.
at iiilerest. Outside tln'door wen
I'k
'Ves iiitpiitlv
Next fi
ll a trial of the stranger's ]iistols
Having declined the jirotfer of a kid for a target, Mr.
'ii i
it
i il
*!l
ITO
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
Atkiiisiui timk ik leaf t'i-<i|ii liis .xkrirli InHik, liiuili' a
mark in the n'litri', ami tlicii tiniiiiii; ruiiiiil at tit'tri'ii
|mr<'N sent a Imlli'l tliioii^'li it. 'I'lii' Sultan anil liis
IVirnil tliiiii^lit tliis a trifk, and a woniK'n liowl was
fctriiril, wliirli, lirin;; jilari'il nn n stirk, Mr. Atkinsim
sent a linllft tliriini,'li. Tlif linlr.x witi- exaniinnl with
^ri'at tail', oni* man i'la|>|iiiiii; llic Imwl un lii.s licail t<>
st't' wlifi'i' tilt! Imli' wiiiilil lie niai'ki'il on his tin'i-hi'ail.
The Irilir lioinjf a inl'licr oiii' in n'|inti', tlif li's.s(ni wa.s
not tliriiwn awav. Then t'nlliiwril u Tartar feast.
"On judkiiii,' niiiiiil." .savs Mr. Atkinsim, " I niiticeil
that a si't 111' (laiing t'lliciws Iim'I liriii wati'liinj; my
mnvrmi'iits, also that tlir tattnl shi'i'|> ha<l lici'ii killcil,
unil till' rrpiist wmilil .smm he wivm. 'I'wd hniwny
I'lHiks were skimniini,' tin; straniini,' raiililrnii, ami
iitlicr pir|iarali<ins wrrr in |iriif,'n',ss. wliili' iiiiiiilii'is of
mt-n, Women, ami ehililreii wiie se:iteil aroiimi waitiii;;
tor tlie feitst. As a Kiii,'liis lian(|iiel is liir any Kuro-
{leaii :tii e.vtrHnrilinaiy eM-nl, I shall emliMvuiir tn
ilesrrilie ime at wliieli I was the finest nt' Siiitaii
|{as]iit.sihaii, 'Die party »ere tar ton niiim'roiis
to he lU'eonininilateil in his yiirt. A linkharian
carpet waa spreail mitsiile, nn wliieli he ])laeeil
me, taking? his seat near. A small spare in tVniit
of the Sultan was let't elear, ami aronml this the
men se.iteil themselves in ciieles — the elili'r, or more
clistinj;nis'a>il memliers ot the trilie, nearest liis |ier.siiii;
there were moi'e than lit'ty men, wuineii, ami eliiliheii
a.s.semliiei| in front of their liiit.s. 'I'lie hoys .s;it liehimi
the men ; the women ami j,'irls oiviipied the la.st jilaee,
exeeptin;; the doys who wire sta;i(lini; al a slnat
ilistimee, apparently ipiite as mueh intereste.l lus the
lest. When all were seated, two men laiiie into the
inner eirele, eaeli h.i\iii;; a east iron ve.s.si>|, slia|iiil
Moinethins; like ii eotl'ee pot. One approiielied tlu'
Sultan, the other myself, and poured warm water upon
our hands : hut e.ieli person must provide his own
towel. This eereiiiony wa.s perloriiied for every man,
from the Sultan to the herdsm 'ii 'I'lie women and
the i,'irls were left to do it for themselves. The ahlu-
tioiis liaviii;; lieen performed, tlu' eooks liroiii;ht in the
smoking vessels piled up with heaps of Imiled mutton.
One wa.-> plaeed hetweiii the Sultan and myself
filled with mutton and lioileil riee. Kach man
drew his knife from its sheath, dispeiisiiii; eiitinlv
with plates. The si;,'nal haviiij; heeii i,'iveli to fill
to, many hands were s|H'eilily dip)ii(l into the other
tray.s. The Kirj,'liis who sat nearest the trays seleeted
the thinijs he liked liest, and after eatini; .i part, handed
it to the mail sitting hehiiid liiiii ; when again dimi-
nished, this was jiitssed t<i a third, tlii-ii to the hoys ;
and having riin the gauntlet of all the.se hands and
iiiontlus, the liones reaeli the women and ^irls, divested
of nearly every jiartich of t'ood. Finally, when these
|M.or ereatiires have gnaw.'d till iiutliing is left on the
lioiie, it is to«.sed to the doi;s. While the dinner w.is
pro;;resiiiiig, I oliserved three little naked urehins eree|>. i
iiig iiji towards our howl t'rom l.ehind the Sultan. who>e
I to aeeompaiiy me to another n-ul of liis own, nearly n
' day '.s journey distant, in the diieetion we must travel.
We wereal.so to have a hunt with the l»'aieoote, that
I might see their sport, as we should have plenty of
Liimeon our way. The gunpowder and the had whieh
' I had given to his men had lirought this alioiit. lie
was also desirous of .seeing a hoar li'mt, and witnessing
the etli'i'l of our rifles oil the liristl\ .iiiimal. Ihiring
the eM'iiiug the .Sultan asked if I wmilil permit two
; of his Kirghis to go witli me to Sultan Saheek. He
wished to .send a present of a tine young stallion to
his friend, wlnrhhe thought would he |H'rteetly .safe
i under our e.'-eort The lueuiacy and range of our
lilies h.'id impi'e.s.sed upon him a very high notion of
the power we possessed to repel the attaek of aiiv
]>lumlei'eis, and he thought it prohalile that we might
meet with .some of them. Sim ral skins Were spread
for me in the Sultan's yiirt, on whieh 1 slept .soiimllv.
' Soon atlir d.iylmak we were all up and making
preparations for our departure. Horses were standing
leaily saihllid. and e\eiylliiiig indieated a luisy seeiie
I saw two K irgliis oeeiipied with the heart te and the
fileon. Having finished our inoining meal, horses
wfie hroughl for the Sultan and my.self 1 was to he
mounted to ilay on one of his hest steeds — a line dark
gray stood eliamping my Knglish hit, whieh he tliil not
appear to relish. All my party Wfie inoiinteil on the
Sultan's horses ; ours lia<l heeii .sent on to the a ill,
with a party tif his people ami three of my Kalmucks.
When mounted, I hail time to e.\aniine the party.
The .Sultan and his two .sons ri>ile lieaiilifiil animals.
The eldest lioy earrieil the faiion, whieh was to (ly at
the leatliereil g.inie A Will nioniiteil Kirghis held
the lieal'i te, ehailied to a perch, whieh was secured
into a socket, on his saihlle. 'I'he eagle had shackles
and a hood, and was perfectly quiet ; he was under tliu
chargt.' of Iwti men. Near to the Sultan wtiv his
three hunters or giiardo, with their litlc.s, and aroiinii
us Wfie a liaiid of aliiuit twenty Kir;;lii.s, in their
liright coloured kalats : more than hall the iiiimlH'r
were armed with haltlt axes. Taking Us altogether,
we were a wihl lookini; group, wIupiii most |H'op|e
wiiiild r:itlier Ixlitild at a tlistaiice than come in contact
with.
•' We liegaii our march, going nearlv due east ; tin:
Sultans three hunti is leailing the Nan, followed hy
his highness and myself; his two sons and the eagle
hearers iiiimiMJiately hehind us. with twn ol my men
in eloM' attendance. A ride of ahoilt t Wti lioUI's liioMght
IIS to the hank of a stauiiant river, fringed with iitils
and Imslies, where the Sultan expectetl we should timl
^'ame. We had not ridden far when we iliscovi retl
trac-es of the wihl hoar- large jdots having heeii
ri'ctiitiv ]i|oui;licd up ; this gave us liopcs of sport.
Our rilles Wfi-e iiiisliing, and we spread tint our jmrty
to la'at the grolintl.
" We had not gone far when several large titer
shed
attention was ilirected towards t
le ciiilcs Ml front, over the plain alioiit
1,'isl a pittinu
lint ot the It
ami tionmleil
three hundred vaids from U8. In
I heir little eyes anxiously wati'lietl his niovfuieiit.s, an instant the hearcoote was iinliooded ami hisshackits
mid when sutlicieiitly near, their hands clutched .1 |iieci! reniovt'tl, when he sprung from his |H>rcli and soiiiftl
ol mutton from the tray. They then retreated in the high into the iiir. I wattdied him ascentl ns he
same stealthy manner hehind a heap of voiloeks, and , wheeled round, and was iimler the impression that he
devouretl the spoil, I saw this repeattd two or three had not seen the animals ; hut in this I was inislak
til
lies, and A-as highly .luiused hy theii
lesired 'he <
He had now risen to a eoiisiih rahle height, and seemed
le < 'os.sack to infoiin ISaspasihaii of my | to jioi.se himself for ahoiit u liiinnte. after this he gave
intention to visit his friend Sultan Saheck, ami that t
■We should surt iu tLo luurnina. He at
wo or tlirei
11:
once proposetl a straight liiit? towards Ins prey
ith I
lis 111
us Willi's, anil swiiopei
I
d oir ill
coulii not peri.five
me
^*qp
DP AND DOWN THE AMOOR.
271
ii'iiiiiiil
tlii'ir
iiiiiIht
.'i'IIht,
|«o|,|,.
lltiU't
; tilt!
■.I liy
■ajjlf
IIK-Il
irmijflit
inds
lilicl
>\) ii'il
ln'CIl
S|Hl|t.
Jimty
lllc T
illllilril
IH. Ill
iiicklf.s
NllJlll'll
lis 111'
liat ill'
taken.
■•■liifil
piv.-
>tr in
ri:eive
that his «rinv;s mnvo.l Inl In- wciil, at i Ifii't'iil siii'i-.l
Tlii'i'i' Wiu-i a slioiii iiikI ii.v.iy Wi'iit his kc 'iicrs at full
Kalii>|i, fi;!!-.!W<Ml liy iii.iiiy otliiTs. I ijavi' my ii'ivso liis
liciil imil a tiiiicli III' till' wlii|i ; in a t'<'tv iiiiiiiitc^s hu
cjtmiid nil' til till' fi'iiiit, ami 1 wis riiliii'.; iii!:k atnl
liei^k with mill ot" llii' kisi-piM's. Wli ii wi- Wi'n- al> mi
tv/ii hiiiiili'oil yai'iU nil', till! Iii'ii'i'iiiiti' sM'iu^k jii-i
[ii'iiy. Till' il"i'i' i;avi) a li niinl fni'w.ii'l ami li'li. Tlu'
'rirai'i'iiiiti' liail sinii'k mii' lalmi iiiiu his in'rk, tin'
iilluT iiil'i his liiek, aii'l with his lii'ik was li'ii'iii:.r mil
till' aiiiiu lis livi'i', I'lir Kii'^his sjumii^ I'rmi his h ir-,iv
s!i|i|ii'il llii' hull ovur till' i'i.;l.''s hi'ail, aiil tin-sliai'kli's
ii|i'm his li'ijs, an I ri'iii ivi I liim trmii his pn'y with nit.
liilliiMiity. Till! ki'i'|ii'i' 111 Mint.i'.l his horsi!, his assisiant.
|ilaro I till' liL'an.'oiitu nu his |i;'i'oh, ami hi' wisi'i'uly t'ui'
aiiuther lli;;lit. Vu dn^s ai'.' t iki'ii mit wlii'ii hiititin^
wit!; tlii'i'iii;!!.' ; tiioy w.nilil In' 'li'sli'.iyuil m a risrtaiiitv ;
inili-iiil the ICirt;his assi'i-t tiial hit will attu'k ami kill
tlio wolf K ixi;s ari' huntuil in this way, an 1 m my
art! killml ; tin- wihl i;iial, ami h-ssi'i' kimis of i|''i', an-
also taki'ii in i' nisi.l TaMe nnmli ts. \Vi- hail not a uii-
fir ht'foi'ii a liunl i-i sin ill .iiit 'lii|i -s w.'i',' sti-ii to'iliir^
on till! |il.iiii. A<{iiii till! I>ir<l soan'il ii|i in I'ii-r'.i's. as
l«'foiH) — this tiiiii! I tlniii,'lil ti a ni'i'atrr ithtva'ioii —
uiiil a){aiii III* iimlr tin' fitil swiip at his iiiti'iiili!!
vbtilii, ami tin- animal was il'il In'l'on' Wr! roai'lu- 1
liiiii. Till' lii-arcooti' is niiiTrin^ in his lli^lit ; iiiiIdss
till' aninnl can iMitapi! into lioii's in lln- n^ks, iis tlu'
fox iloi!s s Miii!tinii!s, ili'.iili is Ins ir'i't liii il ciin.
"Our lioi'si's wi'ii' now put iiUi a i;allo|i, ami in :i
/ilioH tinii' WH wiii'i! sittiii:; in llii- Sultan's yurt, wlii'ii
kniiiis was hamli'il roiiiil in lai'<{i> howls. 1 aukiiow
h'<i<>i'.dapr«rerence f >r ii!,i ; whii'ii was sudu pri'iiari! I ;
hut as till! Kir^his sat watvrhiiii; im- drink it, I was
I'onviiineil tlmy thought tiii' a r im|ili'ti' liarliarian, ami
pitii'il my w.int of t;Lsti'. I'rrs 'iitly smokini; pi ittiti's
of niiiltoii were l(roii.(ht in. ami, juilijiii.; Iiy llu- i|iiiii
tity, sprelily eonsuini'l, imli'i'il. my impr 'ssion w.is
that it wonlil In- ililHriilt to timi huni.i'i's with li'tlcr
appi'titi'-s. It Wiisjusl link wlii'ii this m'll was cmloil,
ami in a short tiun- all wi'i'i' sli'epiii'4 souinlly.
"Just as the day diwii>>il, I tiirin'd out to examini'
our rosition, '.'.'hi'ii I disoovi'ri'd the simwy peaks of tin-
SyiMi-shaii. They appi-ai'i'd I'old and nlio<t like aijiinst
the elear lilue sky ; presently they were tip|ied with
the sun's rays, and shone forth like ruhies, I sat on
the jrround watehiiig the .'hanijes with niiieh interest,
till the whole landscape wa.s lii;h'el up. Iiiuiie liately
near iiie "Vius ii Imsy .scene — -iiii one side tli- men were
inilkini; tie mires, to the nnnihei' of more thin one
hundred, and carrying the leathern p;iils of milk to
the kiiinis ha-j; in the yurt; the youns; foals hciii'..;
secured in two loii^j linen to pegs driven into the
ground. Ill front and on the opposite side the women
were milking cow.s, sheep and go its, ami at a little
distance iHtyond these the camels were suckling their
young. Around the a-iil the stepp- wius lilled with
animal life. The Sultm told iiie that there were
more than two thoii.san I horses, half the iiumher of
cows and oxen, tw.i hundred and eighty cainels, and
more than six thou.sand sheep and goats. The s 'ri'iims
of the eiiuels, the bellowing of the liiills, the iieigliing
of liorse»,iiml the hleatiii:; of sheep and go its. toriiie 1 a
INlstoral chorus such ;ia I liad never hear 1 in Kiirope.
A rapid ride ovr. .. gr.Lssy steppe, and ,i -ross a river
bed, ahiiig a road of stones, as if in le.id iiiiiscd, led to
the a 111 of iinothor Kirghis chief, where they spent a
hospitable uij^ht, and in the uioruing resuineil their
Jiiuniev over a siiidv waste, on one portion of which
grew a fertile crop of t iraiitulas.'
.Vfter riding until Iw i ocloek. the Kir^'liis escort
haltilto III iki! a dinner of snioki'd hoi.se lliisli, which
they all ate with great relish, .Mr .Vtkinson diniiiL; on
lir lile I mutton and a i\-\v gl isscs of tea. They spent
a night oil the stepp !<, e.iiiipin.; out. and supped oil
pile us lilts The wonder of the next day wius Mine
curious ridges of red i,'i'aiiit,e, rising iiliruptly from the
plain seven m i'i'.;lit hundred feet. They were liroken
into v.irv rugged and picturesipie shapes, and stood
out, oil these v.isl stepp ■;, like ruilli'l castles of
coloss.il diiii'iisions I'lie tribes of (Central .\sia feir
to piss inaiiv of til -se |ilai''4. and invest them with
siipei'stitious horrors. One riihge, pas.sed by the parly
tlUs d ly, w.is 111 ir,' like the ruins of .some vast city
than I mount iin .■ there were isolated pillars, — huge
inas.ses like til! broken shafts of columns ; walls rising
up to .1 greit elevation, pierced with large liiciilar
.ipertiires and en ir u ms blo-ks heaped aroiiml, tiiriiiing
a coiuplctii cha IS. Mr. .Vtkiiison proposed to stop
.ml explore this wonderful scene, lint the Kirghi-s
sto 111 aghast ; and wlieii they saw him .sketch it, ihey
lo iked as if they expect 'd to sec Shaitaii and his
legions ihrc.iteii them fioiii the mighty walls.
I'lissing tiiese ridges, and sighting some salt lakes
at a distaiici!, they struck, towards the evening, mi
the »-ul of Sultan Oiii Jass, of which they were in
.search. A Kirghis, having ridden out to the party,
led me, says .Mr .Vtkinson up to a yurt, where a spear,
with a tiii't of red liiir, w.is stuck in the ground ; and
aline old in in was staiidiii'.; dres.seil in a rich silk k. il.it,
striped with crimson and yellow, tied round his wai!«t
with a gr.!!n .silk sc.irf He had a deep silk criiiiMUi
cap. titling d iso to his head, embroidered with silver,
and very highheele 1 h'atlur boots. This was Oiii-
ja.ss, who t ,ok hold of the reins, and held up his hand
to help III! to dismount. He then placed first his
right hail I an I then his left on my breast ; after which
he led 111 ■ into his yurt. The c:irpets were already
laid down oi.posite til' loor ; on these he placed ine,
and would hue retired to a voilock liad I not insisted
on his sitti.ig beside me. In a few minutes a bra-ss
te.i pit was liiMiight in, tlien some small china ,c,i cup»
and .saucers were put on a low table, anil placed before
us; a basin with sif,Mi' candy, and several plates of
dried fruit were added A youth, about seventeen
vears old. e.iine in and knelt down iH'fi.re the table,
poured out the tei, and handed a cup to me. and then
some of the fruit. He performed the same otlice for
my host, and rcplenishe 1 our cups the moiiieiit they
were empty ; and w.: had the tea pot tilled .several
times.
1 "The i;ri)imil," unv* Mr. Atkiiisiii, " was quit.' (■ovi'reil willi
their «i'hs mill liol.'si "iinl in we reile dvit it in m.v of Ihi'se ven.i-
lumis iiis.ru iviTi' liilli-il hv mir Imrsi'S. It w.is .•iirmiis to see tlieni
In I li.'ir little lii'i.s. iiinl 1 .lisin.iiintiil to m .1*.' ii n.'^iri'r .u'liiniinlaiu'e.
1 ,,i,i.'klv I'linii' lip -II I. lir.-e well, iinlii'iiliii- a n. in.iti.rtiiri'r niioii
I. .Ireat «'al.'. I ilr.'^v ,nv l.m- knife ami t.inihe.l u. when i.nt he
nislieil. t'lieil hi« l'.in«s .m the sii'el for a nionienl anil then re-
treateil into his hi.U' Wliei. th,' Kiru'his ,.I,.i',v.hI iiie hiyin to
,|;,, him ."II, thev were afr.i.l that I sln.iiM he hitlei, hi. I i«.k
,.sn .-i .1 eare to iu'ei- ii.v linger, hey.in.l iiis rea.'h. n- hit Inn.
„„l „f il.,' smil. anil a-ain he s|ii'iii.tf at the hlaile, ev.ilentlv inm'h
..„ri>'..,l at h,.i..^r .lislnrlH.il. Ili« IlhIv was iliii-k hi'.iwn xii' hlink
,n,l ;.'rv n^'lv beavii..' h.ni to s,.ek ..r iUrf aiinther .Iwellniu' 1
„„„.nte:i mv h.r..' a.i.l h'il this ven.mi n.s s,.„l. li.e kirtfliis
have a are it' .lie. I ..f 'lese little I'ci>lile4, but the sheep ent tlieni
with imimiiily iiml relisli."
I! Ii
I , !
'
873
AM. ROUND TIIK WOULD.
" I 111- i;'li"-|s I Mil rii'«ilii| iiil>' I III \ 111 I I III II II ill II 1 1 1
«!• sil iliiHM. Si \i 111 «iir i|ii%-ii| ill ^ilk knliils, Mini
fiiv ^Kiii raps, llir \iiiil|i |i:iiii|i'i| tnt In tln"<i' llii'li,
|i;iM;lKiii); III' it liiiiiMrH' aiiil I » :is iinw iiili i iiiril lluil
111' «:IS Olli IlLss's Mill, ItlsllliM (111' xiMtolM III (III'
villi. I s;i« ill. I' llirli' «rri' tllilliv nlllsiilr, |H'r|iilii,' III
ii( 1I-. :uiil liri|iii'iiil\ .iLiii^iiif.' |il.'n'<"< (Iml all iniu'lil
K'l ■■' * I' " II ■■-(Illlll' III' nil IIIV |l.lll\ llMll .MIHMI'
»iiiiilarii\ (n lli.'il iif till' Kiri,'liiM in la.sliinii. Iml imt
ilii|iiiilll\ aihl rnlniii' ; l>ilt I lie ilillirilKi' liit u I'lli t lii'
K ilijliis riiitlliiir aiiil iiiiiii' was mi iiiallMil. llial llirv
ll:l<l lirvi'l- -.(I'll allUllilll.' ill llli' sllialli'-l ili'i;rii' IT
M'liililiiiy it I WMii' a slnmliiii; lai kit nf nllr yn I'li,
a iIhtKiiI «aiNlri'al ami Imiisirs Iml \,r\ lilllr ut'
till' latliT wi'i'i' Mien, as mix Irys win- iiisii'liil iiitu .'i
|iair III' Iniii; sluinliiii,' lu.i.is, .'i |iiiik laliin slnil. with
till ii'llur iiiiiii'il ilii\>ii oM'i'ii small inik lir. ami a
l.iri;!' I'liliiliH'ii t'l It li.'it tlial Hi.iilil .'ii'rimim.iilali' ilsrlf
to all\ s|,:i|i,'. I'',. I' .'I |ii ihiij ,i|' t.illl- xr.lls mi li.lllil'l'
liail tiiiii liril i!i\ mIm i'\ li'iks. aiiil lln'V wiH' li.uiijiii^
ilnttii ill iii'.i\\ I'lirls I'liis was a i;ii'al wnmlii. .is .ill
.11:1 li- llr.'lil- W Itll I III III Jllr il.'si'lv !.|i i\ , II "
VlliT lIll. till' ll.in.ll I V r ot' Ml' \lkllls.ili !,i\<'.'< .'111
lilt, list iiii; arii'Uiil lit iiiaiiv i|.i\s' |,.iii MCJM, 111 a \isil tn
Knillialil.'s. a imI.Im' lint nt' tin' sii'|.|.i's. m .'siapi'
IV.'IM all aiiil'iis.'.'iili' il li\ liiiii 1. 11 ilii' I'.iilN. .'I M'
visit In Sultan Salink. alul a |"Uilii\ in tlir
iiiirMllniis ri'ijinii siliiair al .'111 llir s|.mim ,.|' i||,'
^iiat iiiMiiiiiaili Sx an Sli.ii', wlnir llm stu|ii n.I.'iis
mass ..f |l..i;.la t •nla xxiili its|, ,ks, siinw.anil ulaini-.
" liiiirs lintli lln' sun an. I ni.'.'ii. ' aiii'iilinu In tin' i'\
|iri'ssinii nt' till- iiilialiilants nt llinsn ii'Lriniis. ami w Im II.
NX Inn till' siiii 1,'ni's ilnw 11. tlirnxvs a xast slia.lnxv, a lnii._'
illstall.'. . .'X.ltlli' slr|.|„ , Till' Xli'W tV.'lll lIlK Illl^ll
riili;i' iMi ii.ls a. i-nss tin' x.isi s|,'|,|„' i,. i|n' Tani,'!!!!
iii.'iiiilaiiis . laii iliisi' XXI Ti' Inst ill lia/r Tin' pliiii
was s|>r I .'111 likr a iiia|i. "On xxlii.li." saxs Mi
Atkllls.'ll, " I i.'lllili'.l Inlll liill lakrs. si'liin nt' ill.' I
laf^i' iliiin'iismns. :iml saw iiiaiix .'t'llin sIh'iius iiiinniit,'
nlnlii; till' sli|'|.i liki' lltll's nt'sllxil." liiXIsllui:; I lin
linspitaMi' .'aiii|. nt' till' Sultan t'lii |a^s I ni ilii'liiiiii.,'
In jnin llii'iii ami Si.ltaii r>as|>asili,'iii in an it lank mi
llir i-i'Mn r I'liitt' Kniilialilns, Sir. .Vlkiiisnii prni'ii'ili'il
.'11 Ills wax Inxvar.js tlii> jiiiiiat illslii.l On tli.ii'
w.ix tlii'V I'lii'niinti'rr.i a s.'iii.| s|..iiii. , ,( till' ^ii'ai
.iaiiniTS nt' llnsc n iiniis,
"Si'i'ii at'l. 1 rr. 'ssiiii; il,,. livi'r'l'arsakliaii, wn skiiti'.l
till' ■■ili;i nt' a I'l .1 .'liri'iis Inr six t'|-i\l xii'si,. ami wliiln
riilii.i; I'll. I 11. li, I'll a rl.mii nt' saii.l iisini; liii,'li iiiln
tln'air . I'UI lliis xxassn I'nimii.'ii an ...■. ur.ii. .■. lii.il I |i mi
11.' atti liti.'ii In till' iiiatliT nil XM |.as.i,| llm l.i,|..r
111 lis. W 111 11 X\| l-lil .'I X lr\X nXl'V till' s|i'],|„' I,. I' si\U I'l'
sixiiilx \ir-Is I i,,.vx saxx lliil .1 ilinsn Mnk mass,
"t t'larliil a|'|'i .11:111. 1'. xxas r.illini,' sir.iiylil inw.mis iis.
I'Mi inlilif; al'i'lll a x.isi in wiillli Tin- ninliiriit llm
Kirnlns Ik'IiiIiI II. Ill till- jjnalisi al inn llnx iiiiiii.i
llnir li.TM'S aiiii Lralln]'. .1 Link mnirr llm slinlli 1 .1' 1 1,.
ici-.is. I ami llinC.'ssM.ks s| I wall liiiiu' lis .i].|.r..a. Il
t'T a I'l'xv iiiiniiii s. ami tlnii m.nli' I'ni' tin' slinlli-r nt' lln'
li'l'ils. Tin,' Kllirllls li'il tin' ll.'ls, V Mil., llii' ...xrr.
SI. uiiiii; tlii'tii last ami 111 v;iiii; tin n. Inlinilnwii. It
w IS ii.'i I..11;; 1.1 |,.r,' XM- li.'ar.l llm r • nt' llm I' in in aim :
nil II I'aiiii', nl's. ur;iii; llic sun. ami .•:isiihi; a ili'i'|'.
^'i' i my si, .,,!,. ,,»,., ()„. ,'..iiiiirx. In.il. w niinnlis a
iiintir I'last lushi.i I'X. lax iiij; ili.' rt-iils ami Imliuslirs
tilt .'Xi'l- ,ls I',, j. ,,k M|i xxas illl|.nssll.li W|. XXtTC
siiiT' iiii.il. 1 III a till, k I Inmi .1' ilust In lixr niiniiics
ll.r stnllli |i;t.s».i'.i, ami llll'li 1 SilXV thai xi 1 liaii niilx'
Ih I'll xi'ili'.l 1.x tl liri' nl' lln- rlninl. :in it mllt'il nii
' XXllll I'l'.llllll la|i|.lllX |''nlll|lllll.'lx, Wn W. iV lint I'.miilll
■ III lln' sti'|i|ii', nr rx. i\ mill ami aninial wmiM liaxr
I |ii'risln'il. As it w.ni nil mln tlm ilislamr il Innki'il
' likn a iji'llsi' Mill k 1 I I
I .M'ti'l- liis «',-! a|M', tin X Miailr tlii'ir xxax In tin- a nl nl'
j Sultan inik. xxlimn, t.i Ins slll|ilisi', lir tniilnl In In'
'nil iiiliiis|iiialili' iiiniiiiili;i'i>ii. Mr. .\lkiiis.iii ttlU (lir
slm V lis I'nIlnXXS
i "We linw. Ill' saxs. tniinil Inwanls I Im xn'sl waul
' ill siaii li nl' tlm a ill nt' ."siiltaii lin k, llm lait;i'st man
' ami must xxiallliv Kiri^liis in tlm Mln|.|'i'N. Ilf Inis trii
tliniis.iml linfscs, ami rainrls. nviii, ami slnr|i in |irii
' |initinii til this xast Imiil, Il xxas tali' in tl xi'limi;
wlii'li xxc tniiml liiiii ; |iiilia|is xxn ilisliirluil Ins slum
lii'is. Mini l.y SI. ilmiii; intlliil liis 1. ni|.rr, lis Im was
i'\i'i'i'iliii;;lv niii'ixil, ami smi ns a sini p lli.il was
liiM'.i.i'il. Tliis was i|iiiikly ii'liii in'l In liini xx 11 li my
i'nm|iliiimlits, ami 11 im'ssan.. hlatiin; lliiit xv "Inl iml
i|si' sinli t'miil, iini- iliil XX)' iri|iiiri' iinxtliiiiK limn liiiii.
I ilisii.'ii llm Cns.a. k (n s.ix llial In' xxas tin' lilM
.Siilt.in will! Ii.nl l.iliaxi'ii sn nii^i'iilli'manly tnuanls
nil, ami tli.il, iml w il li -lamlin^ Ins lai-i;r Imilx , In' liinl
llm Imait nt a im.iiM' Tins rmisnil liiiii iiitn liiix. iiinl
Imnnliri.l lis .iwax, t In. at. niiii; tliiil. it' we ilnl iinl
iiinxi' iiisiaiitlx. Ins iimii slmiil.l iliixc ns iiitn llm lakr
llm t 'n.s.ii k rn|.lmil, lliat it' In' m any nt' Ins iinii rami'
III 11 niir <'ani|i x«i' sln.nM si I llmiii. wlinli liaxiii^
-.11. 1. Im lilt tlm xiiit. ami InM iis xxlial liail passi'il.
II was lint Inllj; ln'tntn XXI' |.rriiixiil lwnj;llls rnlllin^
Inwalils IIS II .'iiliiii; a sin 1 |., wln.li llm Siillan liail siliI,
I I'l^niiii; nm 1,1 ai I I |.| II. as ilm nl tlm lust nt Ilis llm k ;
llnx asslili'il nm llial Im wi In i| In |iiiy lima xisit. liail
.'Mill. I In lit nm slax as l.iiu .,s | liki il, ami pininisul
In l;ixi. III.' nmli ami Imisis w In 11 I Irt'l
"Ilis iiiullnii liixiii:; In in airi|.tiil, ami a iimssa^i'
iiliMimil sax mi; I sli.nl.l l.n j;lail In nriixc liim, it
w.isiinl Imif,' I.i'IiiH' wnsaw Ins liiii.'|. Inilk ii|i|.|-nailiilin
mil' I ilii|i III' salnli'il nm l.y tninliilii,' llir 1 Inst in
tlm Usual in.'iiiimr, iiltir xxlimli xxi'siit ilnxxnnnil lifraini'
lininU 111' illaiik Ira willi iim. ami ii inaim il In
|.:iltaki' nl liisi.wn mnllnii, ami xxlnln tins xxas |in.
paiini;, Im milinil lus j.... 1 in sini; tm- iis 'lln- man
nlii'Xi'il. ami I'li.inli'il Iniili smi^s ilis. 1 ilnnj; tin-
|.r..xxi'ss ami sn. insstnl I'lnmlrrini; r\| 1 .III nns ..T my
li'.sl .111.1 Ilis amrslnl's. wlllill ralliii Imlli tlminltis nl'
.■i|.|.liiiisi' tr.'iii ill. nil. I- .\tlir si'iiiiliiij; mnri' tlian
ixMi linnis 111 llm i..|ii|.aiix nt llm .'^iiltaii ami liis l.anl,
xxi' s, |.ar;.l. .1 nil II minllx l.iiiis .N.-vt inniiiin^', l.i'liiir
stailiiin. I sk.l.lii.l Siill.iii Ml 1 k ami Ills lainily. |',.
Is lii'.liiii; Ills l..'.iii.'..ii'- l.iinniif; Willi tlm kiiii; nt'
l.ir.ls 1.1 111;,' Ills lax mil ill' s|.,, II (.s,,'|i. 2(!2 1 Kaily
III ill.' mnrniiii,', 1 sinl • Aumn Inl' ami ilipaitnl. at
lillili'il liy tin 111 till' .Siiliaii s nmli . i; i lini-is liaii
alsn lu'iii Jil'nX iili li "
I'lm .11. li. xxlii.li tiirinsllm liaik nrmnnl nl' niii illin
tiai'i'ii. Is iini nil tin" .sti|.|<'s. I. Ill si'Xi'ial Inimliiil
iiiilis tiiilli<r In tin' Wist, im tin' xxav tnxxaiils Irkutsk.
amliiiar llm " N.iik a ilal an, ' n " mniintainnx ir w liirli
II is iiii|...ssil'li' In II. li" .Mr Atkin-nii liiM-ril'i s tli«x
ai.li .IS l.'ll.'ws. ".Vti.r inline linxx 11 a stri'|i lii'sriiit
mm tlm laxiiic, I I'aiim iipmi a iialiinil iirrli in a ijri'Ht
iiia.ss nl' linnslnim; t'lirtlmr ilnxxii tinTr an- m'VituI
I axiriis, Init nl' im j,'ri'at nxtnil. I'art nf tin' Ini'ii
xxi'iit nil t'l till' Irkiit.sk. ami txxn rrmaiiii'il xxilli liu-
xxliili' 1 skill lii'il. My Murk xxas marly ri.ii.|'li tnl
w lull \xi' xx I IT start li'.l Lv a riisliini; .si.iiml fmni al.nxe
Us, \xliii-ii I'oiitiiiuril I'nr tlm .sjiimi- nt' txxo niuailc*
. III! II
il l<ti:lllll
.:illi..l t.
> \\:ls pi I'
■ ii> i'l my
llllilils lit'
■ ik'H' tiJMii
L'. li.tolf
kiiii; ot'
■ lOiilv
iliil. :il
'I -I- ll:lil
IniiMlr..!
Irkul-k.
I I « lllrll
nil - llio
III ;i LTIrKt
It lit' lllfll
luitli III)'
pl.'tnl
iilM.>e
I IIIIIIUlCI)
2
ill
i I
!■
OP AND DOWN THR AMoOR
vr.
wl\»'ii il Kiiililoiily c«>i(»i'c|, fdlliiwt'il siiinn iiinnii'iiH nt'lcr
hy a Icrrilili" I'Dish, • M t' lln' < 'cwsiirl<> --iPiiiiii; ii|i,
mill Miiil li iiiiiiiiihiiii liml rnlli'ii. It uiis an :i\ aliiiii'lii'
wliirll liail MWi'pt iluuii tin- .liJr iiikI It-itpril illtii nlic 'if
tlic gnrKi'H. "
IV.— Til K LAKK BAIKAL.
In the iiiiiinilaiiic'iis |ilaiii.-> •>( Ci'iilnil Aiiii (iis in
(/I'lilnil Alrira. ai nliii;,' to tin' lalf^l ilisiiiviiii's) ari'
gifiit liki's, Ml' ^i<{aMlii' taniM, tiiriiiiil liv li'i'iiiriiilniix
rifts ill llir I'litli, |iiui|ii((M| liy vnliaiiii' ijistiii-liaiii rs ;
iillt (if tlii'-^i' laki ' !!'>»' I'ivi'i's, ilnvMiwanl fluiii ritlnr
siili', Hi>iiii'liiii>'K many iniiiili'iil iiiiirK in cxtriit. ui'iiiiiL;
H rii^gi'il lii'il tlir<iii:,'li t!iii iiiuiiiilaiii I'liaiii, ami llii'iii'i'
witiiliiii; many liiiniliiMln, in mhih' instaiiri'M iiioii' than
II tlionsanii, iiiiirs tn tl <' oi'i'iin on I'itliii' sliorr. Tliiis,
in Afrira, it is imaL;iii'I tliat tln^ Nile IIowh into tlic
.Mi'iliti'rraiii'aii from sonif ;,'ii'alrr iiiuiT wati'i', wliirli
on till) olliir side tlii'ows ijouii an t'ljiial I'liaiiiii'l to-
wai'ils till' lii'liaii Sra, if not ixaotly into tin' Mo/,am-
liii|ii(' clianin'l. Hut tln'si- ar iii|i'rtiii'i's of ;{i'o)j;rH'
pliiTS to lie lii'l'i-nfliT iraliMi'il ; tin' tnliiii' lii;,'li\vay of
civilisiitioii in yrt not opi'iiiil to iMinmi'icial [iliilan-
tliio|iisls. CiTlain it is, liowi'Vi'f, that from ihi' l.aki'
Itaikal, of which wi- j^iM' (Ni'f |i. "_'7fl) an rxart. llioiiuli
|iirtiir('si|iii', ri'iifi'si'iitatioii, tin- l!i\rr Aiiioor llows
(thr ronni'ctioii lii'iii;{ tliroiit;h a small rivi'r or Irilni- '
tiiry, tilt' St'li'inja) oil oiii' siili' d'lwii to tin; I'a.ific ami
till' .lapan Islaiuls (a i-oiirsc of L'.lllO mill's), whili' on
thi' other till" Angara, passin;.' into thr ^'i'iiis>ri, pro-
ccnls liy a roiirsi' of ni-irly l.',."inii milis iioitjiwarcl to
the Iniliaii ( lo-aii.
Nr.xt to till' CiLspian Soa and Liki- Aral, tlic Itaikal
Ijnko is the lari,'i'^t of tin! oM Contini'iit, ami it is the
mo.st ri'inark.'ilih', a.s hrin;; a inoiiniain lakiv .Modirii
ISu.s.<iiaii ai nuts m.-tki- It al'oiit 4IMI mill's Ion;;, liiit
its widi'st part, lictwccn the iioiilii'in i-xtrt'inity of tlio
islainl of Olkhoii and the mmith ot' i he rner l>ai;,'nsiii,
is not more thin ahont .'il' inile-i ; and lietween the
mouth of the ."^ejeni;.! .Hid thevivnl.t r'ilL;ilhlelkli,i. the
two shores are only L'H miii> di>laiii troiii one another.
Its total eireiimferenee is .-..li'l ii'it to fall short of
l.l'tlll miles. Its>iirfaei' is ealcnlated Ky l!er;.'liaiis to
rover 14. '"*•"• .sipiire miles Like mo>t alpine l.ikes, it
is very deep, with the exieptioii of a lew traels aloii;;
the shores, and .■^oiiio hays, where it is eoiiiparativi'ly
shallow, the liottoiii li.-is not lieeii reaehed hy a line of
KM) fathoms. The rivers and rivulets that empty
themselves into the lake are very numer'ms ; on a
iliart piililishi'il iiy the Uiissiaii government some \e,irs
a;{o, 1(10 are inserted. The only oiittlow is hv the
Aii;;ara, a trihntary to the Yeiiis.sei, and the provin-
oial capital Irkutsk is not far from where that riv'T
takes its departure from the lake.'
Tliesiiria f (he lake is Kftid to \>r l'!'-'' (ecldhovo
the sea ; and IIiIh incoiinls, in a u're.it decree, for tlio
seMiiiv of the seasons on its shores, and the whole
ixleiit of its hasiu. The sii r is very short, nnd
the nights are cold and otleii liosty ; sometimes il
lH'i;ins to snow in August, mid always in Septenilior.
Ice is alwiys foiinil in the lio 's and ni'iiiives, even
during suminer heat. The lake it-elf is. however,
never I'overed with ice helole the llli'ldle of I ), cnilier,
often onlv in the iM';;iniiini; ■■! dann iry, which must lii>
a.scrihi'd to its «real ilepili and its tioiiMcl surface.
() I frozen, it remains so t'or a length of tune ; and it
may he traversed on sled'.;es up to the end of .\pril, or
even the lM';,'iiiuin^ of .May.
This severity of the seasons lendeis ih untries
ahoiit the lake iinalih) to maintain a numerous popiila
tioii, luit still the popiilation is less than we should
suppose it to he, eM'li takiiis; the climate into ac-
count This scarcity in population, however, is not to
he attrihiited entirely to the want of productive powers
in the eoiinliy it.self hut to the late periml in which
a;,'riculture was introduced, and the slow pid;;ii-.s of
that art in old couiiliie>. V'et, strange to .^ay, there
are in many places umloiilitcd siyiis that, at .some
I te peiioil, this country was cultivated with care
hy .some unknown iiition, which also worked the iioii
and copper mines.
Its name appears to have liccii dcri\cj from the
language of the Y.ikuts, who once iiihahitcd it> kIioI'i's.
and who called it JJaya Ixahl, the great sea, or li.iN
Kalil, the rich sea. The liiissians, who navigate it,
speak of it with respectful awe, and call it Svialoi
.More, or " Holy Sen ;" a name, |M'rliaps, originating
in (he circumstance that the Jhiriats \ised to ci hliriKe
llieir great annual sacriliee on the Island of Olklmn
in this lake. The (JhincM' call it I'e liai, or the Sea
of the North ; the liuriats, Dal.ii, ami Tunguses, l.am,
...■.i:.: . I „ 11....: i' ..
' " At tlio first pliiiii'O i>f (his the liirui'st t«><ly ef fiesli Mater
en till! uM cinitiiii'iit,' say** (i"Vrrri<n- .^iiii)>«>n, in liis " 0\-,.ila, il
.Icinriii'V RoMiul llic W.irld," " niv tlmnirlil'' llcw liMik ever my
still ri'i'i'iit tii-itsli'iis I.I tli.it pur.'iit nC niiny ITiikals, lln' l.jke
."^ipi'iiiir iif llie New W.irlil. In iiuti' |>.i-iIimii tlii'v rest iiililc
iMi'li other ilia very rciiiarkalili' inaiiiiiT. Teni-liiiii;. tlion^li in
ii|i|Kisite iliri'i'ticins, eiie :iinl tin' siiine |>iinillcl oC hititnilc, liny
iiri' iiiti'rsiH'ti'il, at tlic ..ntlct ef tin- Ontarin, ami it tin' »i'<tciu
I'Xtri'iuity of the llaikal, liy .mic aii>l tin' sann' lircU' .if Innuitnili' -
aliniwt the very nnriilian, liy tin' dye. "f the lii',;hcst ami Inwcst
cxlrcinitii's iMith nf .V-ia ami A.n.'iiia •<( tlic In'a'l "I' Itatlin-
Hay Kiiil nf till' wfst.'rn intr n f tin' Str.ilt Miit'illei, nf C.ipp
'rayniiii, ami nf til.' sonil.. rii jHiini ..f ilie |i.'iiinsal.i nf .Malacca.
With rcsiK'C't to tliL' extent of I'nuiitry clraintcl, lie' liaikal has
a name signifying a large
iillecti
of water, or u
Sea
(.'ontraiv to what is gener.illy oli-erved of iiiountain
lakes, the Itaikal alicniiicU ill tish, and fidiii this .'-oiirce
nearly all the iiilialiit.iiils of its shores derive siili'-is-
leiice. aiicl even a competency. The largest li-h of the
Itaikal is the sturgeon, which sonietimcs weighs i;i()
icriainly llcc aclvantapi (if all il-c Aiinricaii rivals put tc.(;i'tl[cr ,
fur Hiiile tin' lillcran' pics^cd in iviry clirii'linn hy tlic hritlits
"f land, the tnnmr is feci liy its two piim'.p..l tril'iitarii-s ('■oin
-.iiirc'c- clistanl fmni cacli nllicr in u >tnci.;lil line lit least n tlinii-
-ami miles, lint Ilie Aiipiia Ins s itself ill inipraetn'alile streams.
»hilelln'St. I,a"ii'nee, iiiinn.illy lieannu' npwaiiU nf a thmisaiHl
sea-^nin^ ships mi its iMisnni. tonus tin- rtiaitm-1 nf cfniiiiniiieiitinii
lH''weeii Caiiaila iiinl Kiirope ; ami while iiliiiost every .\iiierieiin
lake is tiavci'seil, Imili in its len-tli iinil hreniltli, hy inniiiiierahle
.(e.inihnals ami sailini; ves-cU, the llaikal is lilil.' iMtter ill
tiatlietlian a harreii nasti", sarnnimh'il liy l"tly iiioiiiitanis, whose
preeijiitoiiH sides sink iitor.ee into the iMittninle-s waters ; it jsis.
M's.ses hilt lew liarhnnrs nr an.-lnira^e-. ; tiirim d intn a liiij:lli nf
tell times its hi-.adtli, it is snhjeet nt' eniirse tn vi"U nt piliN, which
hlnw iilnui; it as tlirnn^li a fniinel, and to miiM. ii -.pialls, winch
svvi'c]! across it as tln'y nish il- .wn t'rniii the delihs-it its aiii)ihi-
tlicati'c of hilts; III d silinied in u hed wtiieh lin.ks like (he work
i.f ilie vnleaii.) or llie earllnpiake, it is slill lialdt In 1»' ilaiipr-
niialy airitaleil wiiliont any visihlc caii.se. hy snhteranin'nii eiier-
tfies. The erat'l upon il ari' the most awkward, elninsy, and
eia/v tiilis in the world. I'mh-r all these eirciiinstaiiei s, inarlv
(hn whnle nf thi' vast, tratlic, which is carried on hetweeii
Irkutsk mill the re.'iniis hv\oinl the llaikal. eitlnr | as.ses in
sled^ies nver the iV'/en lake, or is conveyed mnnd its southern
exlr.'mily liy rn:.'L'ed ami )M'rilo\is roads, 'J he tratlic in .|iieslioii
is e eteil p.rtiy wtlli me mines "f Nert»'hink, hul eliiully
', with till) natiumil emiHinuni uf Kiachtu."
J
; II
I i
\u.
L.
:,,!■;
i il
ii i
111
1 1
S7ff
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
IhiiiikIs. Tl;is tisli is riiiiLtlit dnriiig tlic whole of i of rciiiilfrr, wliicli iiri' of a wliito ("olniir, varoly spottod,
Miiiimrr niul s;iltril, iiiid as well as tin- iMviaro and tlio and iicvor gray, wliili' tlioso wliicli livi in (lie ni'ijjh-
isinjjlass |iri'|iMicd, tli<' oiii' tVoni tlio rot> and tlic otliiT liourinj; woods in a wiUl stJite are always of an asti
from I lie- ]>la(i.. r, is destined for tlie inarkot. Omnia,
a kinil of siiiiiKiM, arc tislii-il in ininimHO ijuantitii's in
(111' morllis of An^^nst and Scptcmlior. A sinj;nlar
(isli calii'i' Callyonynins liaii'alonsis exists in tliis lake,
and wliiili, i-xi'ejit the hi'ad, ii very thin hack -hone, tin-
gray I'olour.
'I'Im' eoniineriv whieh the Kussiaiis carry on with the
(^liinese is i-onsideralily faeiiitati'd liy this lake. Tin'
Itnssian ^oods an earried from Irkutsk tn Kiachtii
(the tradiiiir em|i.>rinm on the Uiissian and Chinesi'
skin, ami the tins, eonsistR only of fat, whieh sonii fiontiers) in snnniier liy small vessels an<l larye hari; 's.
dissolves ovrr the lire into very lini" tr.aiii-oil. This ami in winter hy sledi»es. Wit hunt the faeility whieh
(isli a|i|iears to iidiahit the j;re,itest depths of the l.ikt-, this lake atl'ords to the earryini; on of this ( oiitiiniallv
for sometimes it is thrnwn np in ;;re.it (|ii,'intities, and inereitsin<j eoinmerce. it ])roiiahly would lever havi-
at others it is with ditlienhy that even a speeinien ean risen to any (h'jj;ree of importance,
he iihttiined. ' The eonnlry round the lake disjii lys nneijiiivoiiil
Tl'e sea's with which the lake ahoniids are also ii tn.ees ot' voh'anii' ai, ney. On the eastern side, hot an<l
sniirce of prutit tn the iMhahitanls. From I.L'IK) lo snlphin-eiais springs are im't wit n. 'I'he lake also j^ives
;.(MI(» are said i>> he ••innnally killed, especially tin
yipiiiii; lines, whose soft skin is mnd; siMight alter '< the
t'hi'iese. The existence of the M-.i\, iif siiliuon, aid ot
a kiln! .f sponye in this fresh water of the Ifciikal, has
f,'iven rise ti> iiimh spiclation amonj^ natnralists.
I'allas ai:d others are iinahle to e\|>laiii this pheno-
menon, nlhcrwise than on tl' supposition tl at the
l-ike iif ll.iikal, at some remote jieriod, liiiined a jmrt
uf 'he Northern t teeiili, or hy the ither supposition,
th'.t these ;inimiils were transporteil into the lake liy
s'lmi- excessive inundation of the Lena river, whuso
sources .lie Mot tar from its holders.
The shori's of the lake are lofty, steep and ru;;£jeil,
in some parts pre.seiitini; hold hcaillands and deep in-
I'.iitations. The\ ate also for the most part cinered
»iih il-iise t'oiests. in which wolves, hears, foxes, lynxes,
wild eats, ai'd i;luttiins are met with, and otters aliound
ill the ri\ers. Heavers are al.so found in the I'pper
.'Vn;^'ar.'i. .and the elk .iiid the musk-,i;oat in alnin.st
cMiy district hi.r.leriiii; mi the lake. I >eer and slags
ahoiind evel Vttheie ; luit the rein di
with ill .1 wilil st.'te ill the northern iiiountains. The
coiiiiiiiin hare, the mountain hare, and the |)aiiriaii
li.ire .lie found in I'Vi-M numhers on the plains. 'I'he
sjihle. too, us Well as thi' hermeline. ahoiind oi many
distrii'Is. The si|uiriel is met with in iiicredilile niini-
!eis Soiiietiiui s till y unite in ei)iiip,iiiies, and travel
lliiiiiii;li the Woods and -teppes, swimmini,' over rivers
and tr.iMrsing the siiiiimils of the mountain,- The
colour of the skin is rcddisli in summer .iiid grav in
winter, .\ l.iige species, w liich inhahils the nortlieiii
and eastern siimes of the like, assumes in winter a
silver gray colour. The species w ho,se skin sells highest
is 111 the colmir of the sahle ,.. iimiin'r. and lilaek gray
111 winter.
The Mm iats, a Mongolian trilie. rear lallle mi the
shores iif the lake. 'I'hey keep h.ir.ses, sheep, lilack
cattle, ^oats and c.imela. The last are iiir-t'roiis- ii,
.some -teppes, and many of them white as simw. They
pa,ss the wint' there, and live on dry gra,ss and .ilim-
plants. .\ -••-;, liiiriat chief lia.s •oiuetime.. 1,1111(1
camels, .1,11(11) iiiii-ses, <.(l(lll sheep, and from :.,il(l(l to
.i '(HI head ot' hlack ca tie. together with a siiiall iiuni
up naphtha and petrol, 'ium .itid it is ]irohiilily owing to
some such eruptiins that in'ciisionally larue ipiantities
of the |ieculiar lish liefore de ■•ritied are thrown ashore.
HLirthipiakes are also comiiion, and the waters of the
lake are liable to suinieu conimoiionH on'.ing from
hclow.
'I'lu'v lire cliissi'il iiil< Innst anil dewrt TungUHi. Tlie foruirr
(K'Cieiy tlu'iiiKi'lvi'S ill lisliiiii; anil t!u' cliii-i', liiiviii); lint low ri'iii-
ili'tT ; till l.iiIiT siilwisl intirelj- liy llni tiii'i'iliiig ot' thuw iiiiiiimlh,
mill wiiiiiliT t'rimi imstiirc witli liu'ir tliK'ki tents, Ac. A very
lew (if thi'iii liavc ri'ii'iyi'il liii|iti»in, llic rent ure iilnlaters. Tl'i'iV
lmiKUii);e JH siiiil til Ik> .M lint rliu, t'nim wliiiin tlit'v nil, no duulit,
ilcmi'inleil. a.s may lie iiii<rri'i\ liv tlii' |»'(iiliurity iif tlii'ir i'\ „,
iM'iii^; I'liinu'iiloil ami liir apiirt. Tliey are clmriii'liTistiniiJy liiiiuisi
anil riicmlK, nililiery iKiiij; ihiimiIitwI us niip«riloimliU'. A tniyelici
iliserilii'S liiniM<ira,s ttitiii'ss iil' tlicir liiis|iitiiliiy nr iin|iroyiil>.'iic>>, fur
lliej si'ciii to liuye no lliiiii|.'lit of tlio t'uliiri', BinltiaTilore ni|iiillv
-liaiv what tliey liavi' killinl : yet it is utrunm' ''"'t notliiiig v,iil
iniliiiv tlii'in to kill ii riimluT liir tlieir own i'iiii«uni)itiiiii, uiili's,i
llic |iarty is liili. until tli.v liiiic U'eii fij;lit iliiys witliniit toiiil ;
llieiict is ilioii iiii ".iliTi.l jiistitiuiili'. Tiny bear t'ali):iii', eolij,
is only met ainl iirivaiimm to an iMiaeiiliiiiiiy iIiltic. T'ley are kciwiIiIc nt',
i'lid tliankt'iil tor, kiiiil tniitiiniit, Imt will |HTinit no iiiic liMiliiisi'
tliciii. 'I'll sti'iki' a TiMiu'iisiiin i» iiiilecil n griiit erinir. anil nftcn
Icails to fatal coiisci|Ui-iiri's, as in lliiit I'lisi' they tin net iimimiIit
tliiir woril as sairiHl. Imt jii^tilial'le to la- l.^ekin. 'I'lnv are
i'\i'i'ci!i'ii,'ly iniM'il'lc, anil can If iliini' iiolliiii); willi luit liy YrmHl
worils, anil tins lie liail I'l'iijiiciit ocfiinioii of jiriain^-. thniiiuli
i-cnirallj- liis in\i: fault. Tlnir |iir»oni arc .siniill anil latliir
ilcliiiito il. ii|i,ii'ar ■ii'i'. their (laliircs arc regular anil Koiiicu Imt
liliMslii;;. Willi ini'M' fair Iraitii ' 1' cliaiiu'ter, llicy are tlllliy ti
an ixtnini', laliiiu' anil ,lrinking aiivlliin).'. iiouivir loallisiuni',
mill till- illliivia iif lliiir (« rsinis is pnlriilitv ilsilf 'J lay arc
consiili'iiil cuiiil snlilicrs, iiiiil lire cvcijlint iiiarksiinii, eilliiTwilli
lio« or rillc. riic ilii'ss III I'ltliir six Is nearly tl.c sane as tliat
111 the iil'.iir Till tar nations, ililliriii); cliiilly in tlicir aimlii of
altcrini.' 11, mill iir««is ot to hmis of I lie rciniliir skin, witli
llic 11 lir ill-Ill.'. II, 111 >liiikiiij;s anil l.isils of tlic Mime aiiiiiail ; tliii
latter niaili' '.'in llic li'irs. a vaisti'iat or |;ii'kct also of Imtlnr,
soniitiini's 'Iniil wiili iiliilc foxi's' or with liare bkins, aiiiiiilii's the
|ila I a thick m rl of sho.-t Mirt> lit coat <it iliiii'li' leather
v.iti' lilt the iiair ; anil lastly, a miitlc or .Imilili' Irmk, with hair
in ami 'ic '<..'.,', the two hatliiT siilis ln'inj: t,ij;ithi'r. Auiiini
iMp anil iarne >;lii\i's. "illi Minieliini's a ftnaril liir the lirciisl of
uhiti- I"*- I'liUeil niiilirriMHlnii'k vi/.. lirea^t coyer, anil ii cointoilrr
roiiiiil till nn-l '.riniil of ihe tails of the Mimrn 1 ; null is their
coslniiii', wliicli is ainiiist v, liolly iiirnisln il fr. m the skins of
ri'itiilii'r, KoM's' li'ninrt MTVi' tor nips .iiiil liniii^n, iiliii a .''ill's
isiilcnil yaliiiihli*, as the wannest of all oiitsiilc ^'arniciit.
'"Ill
la'r ofgotjls. The Tiuu'Us.'s' generally liave only herds Tlic.y h.iye al-o a (.-iiiiril liir the fore;iiail, cars, nose, anil (•Inn.
I Their Uils are nnnli' of lieiirs' -kin, or of the lar^'c ti in iln r, with
~ ' " ^ — • — 1 a I'liiiiket froni the sun e animal, liiieil w itli tin' win loi-st fur, unit
in slia|» like a lia^-. a« tliefeit are cimiplilely i ,i a-i il. .\ii lue,
' Al .lerliiit, on the left Imiik of Ihe l.eini. siliiali iilioiit (idO a knile. uisuleii ihku. "nil lellle. eoiisliiali' tluiir onlv nlensils;
nnh'S iMni Irkutsk, is Ihe line whi.li s«'|)iirateB the Tiin^riislan the (!r»l is a m.i. •;ioi noii ; ,ii,il a p:|«. of tolweo, «ith a tlnss of
villao" fr. nil the \;ikuli, Ihe I nin.'iisiaiis inhahlt iliyers part* spiels, tlnir lli^!lest liimn , 'Iheir I'lmles i.f ih -ss, nml m iiinil
111 Siheria, e,|nall> ilistaiit anil ilistiiiil, frmn Hn .liores of the [ moil,' ol livinir, Ac , liny )u\i- in coinmoii, more or l,.,s, .villi nil
\ein.'«'i, I.eiii.. iiiiil AiniKir, li llmsi' of the Oeliola Mil I Inieknii, : other Silierian nalaiiis, " ^'hiic is aoollnr illtliie aim ii them
ami ihe mi.iintiiiiis iilii'ii'. Talirifa 'I'll, y are all w,imlirer», amr than ill ti.e emhroiilery <l lUeir I'hillicn, or the ri< liiii'ss or
ruri'ly I.i he Ml n 111 any metliunical ur aubuerneiit i uiiiluyiueiil. | ;iov«fly of iht' wcarvm.
UP AND DOWN
Ofiptniii roclimno crossed tlu" liiki' wlim^ it is forty I
mill's liriiad, when tV<>/,i'ii, in Iwn limirH aiicl ii liait', in :i |
Hlrdtji' drawn liy tlin c horses al>reast ;' and we are I
indelned tii Mr. Atkinson tor an interi'stini{ acrount
of a bout vovai,'!! on tliis reinarkali'e slic^et of water.
A|>|iroiu'iiin;; hake Itaikal liy tlie valli-y of the '
A njj.ira. aliiiia five miles liefore reiiehin;; the lake, a
scene is presented that causes almo.sl every traveller to
stop. The valley lii'conies wider, ami the inounlaiiis
rise aliniptly to a much >;reater elevation. 'I'lie
An;L;ara' is more than a mile in wiilth, and this ;;reat
liody of water is si'en rollinj; down a steep incline,
I'onidni.' a rapid nearly four miles in leiif;th. \t the
he.id of tliis, and in tin niri' of the stream, a ^;reat
mas.s of rock elevate.-, it.self, cdled the Shaman KiMucii.
Ilevond is the hripad expanso uf the li.iilial, exlendin;^
.nliHut tifty miles to whi're its waves wash the foot of
Amar-i >alian, whose suniiuit is usually covcied with
snow, even in June. The iniijhty toircnt tlimwiui; np
it- jets of spray, the r.l;;){ed roi'ks with their fringes of
pendant liirch overtopped hy lot'ty pines, .tml the
ethereal eoloin-in;; on thi^ mountains, produce a picture
of exli-aordinarv lieauty and ;;rauileur.
A fe.r iniles further, and the It.dkal is soc% spread-
inu' out like ii .--ea. ami its roUiui^ viave.s are heard '
I ishing *he rcH-ky .siiores. The Shamcn-Kamcu is '
more distinetly seen ; it is held sacred hy idl of the
Shaman ereefj,' and they never p.iss it without otfcrin;;
up ihi'ir tievotions. I{ude IIliuiis h.ive ln'i'ii sculplureil
oM its surf tee, and formerly lioth men, wouien. and
eliildren have heen otl'ered up on its summit, or Imrled
into the Hood.
The new steamhoat .station is not far distant, an<i
' Ilniiii^ viucliril till' Hiiik.il, imt of ttliii'li llie .Vinjiira (1.iw<,
mill into «lii<'li tlic Selnipi riiiis, "we eoiistiil." savi <'iipt:iiii
• '•M'tiiiini', " for thirty mill's In'li.ri' we iirri eil ;it tlir pliri- of
rrossiiii;. Till' ire WMH HO I'li'iir, tnitis|iiri'iit, anil sli|i|ii'i'\. t'nil I
C'liilil not ki'i'p my ti. ! yet, tin- lio: si-^ iiri' 10 lu'i'iistoiiii'il to it,
tliiit liarilly 11. 1 in-'ianri' iH-t-tir-i of ilfir tailing;. We i-r">-M'.l i\\,>
liiki', uiiil rrarliC'l till' opiMKiii- vill.ip'. whii-li liiiH u eon^tili'tMliIii
iiionniitery ill will Ii to lirraiifiisl ; we li.nl liri'ii livo lionri anil a-
i'.iif in (foiii); the 'li'.laiiri', I'orly miles. S uli is, lioMever, the
r.i|ii<litt »ith u'hirli tliri'i' lior>i's alinast i'ro<.s tins like, that the
^'oMTiior of Irkutsk ii-iiallt 'IhI it in l»o liours; tleei' hours are ,
L'enenilly taken. A liiirse o'lcc tlillin oil llie clear ire, 1 iloiilit
any inissiliilil - 'vf yetting; liini on his leirs au'iii". It is ilanp'roiis
to nitiMiipt »lo|., lu' till! h'Tses. nor, iiiili'i'il. is it in my o|i'nioii
{H>,,ili|o ; if, howi'v.r, the vehii'le he s;.,|i|k'i| on this sort of iee, I
alnioHt iloiihi llie |io.,.il>ili|y of slarliiiL' it auMin «illioiii a»~isl-
.line from other pi'ojile til fori'!' till' vi'liii'li' on Ironi Is'liiml. (In
till' other haiiil, I have seen slelu-es mov.- so mneh filler tli.ii.
th.- hiirii.'*, UK to overtake mill turn llii-ni slmM niiiinl, ami nil;
iiiHtely to form .1 eiimple'e eireh'."
• There Isii |BM'iiliiir iiiiality atleiKliii^fthi' .\n;;ara ; ihe water ill
•uiiii'HT is so iiilil, that the Ihi'iiioiiieier in .liine i, 'ml one .le. '
^rrei' iih.ive till' /.erii ot Kea.ininr, wliiU* in winter, it is tlit*
wannest as hImi llie most ra|iiil "f all the rivers in thai part of
the woilil ; It, r.ipi'liy lieiiu' siieli ih.il imnii'iiM' slieits of iee are
nirneil niiiliT ..aier. It m ;;.-iiirall, fio/en on the lljml of
.lamiary, at w iileh lime tin) men luinis riiiinot then joiirii \ In
Kiih'hiii.
' Ihe i-iTi^'ion of .'shinianiiiiii, ami ils cerenioiiles, are loim.le.l
n|Hin -oreery ; its I'ollowent heliiM- in >;.... I ami e\il spirits,
aii.l saeiiliee |>ails of the ' laral (.i I ii'i;e sta;; foiiinl in ihe
.\ktim, "white 111 imitain," riiii:e) to thrir ^..il, wIiomi
they iiaiiii' llnrKliaii I'liey Kive themselves liiile Ironhle i
nlmilt the (jiKiil spiiii, In lor llie I'vil one Ihey have v |.'reil
ri'verrnce. Ihey heliixe liiiii an iiihahita".'. of our earth, lliit
he has Ills alusle in Ueiim' lon'»is .mil rntr^'eil moiintiiins, ami
lliit 111" in I'ViT ailive in the miiUl of terrilie slorins. Tiny, iil»o,
think that he hiia the [-wver to Iraiisforiii men into wliilever !
r'.apis he pleiiseii Ihi ir priesili.i.Hl it luii il larj , 1' i' hut
rari'ly tlint II siiaiip'r is ailiiiittisl inl.i it. ■
THE AMOOR. S7T
tho triVTeller i.s not loi.^ in reaching Listvenitz, v.heiico
tlie lioats j)ly to I'asolukoi.
The (l,ini;er and delay in eri)iwiiij{ the Itaiknl in hoats
was very orciit ; it w.is no iiiicommon oecurrence to
he detained tliree weeks on the voyaoe. without heini;
ahli to land on cither shore, and aceidcnts were fre-
<|ucnt This induced an ciiter]irisin}; merchant, Mens
chikiiir, til place a uteamcr on the lake • but it was
done at a fjreat cost ; the enjfines, hoilcrM, ,ind all the
:iiacliiiie|-y were made at St. I'ctcrsliur^;, and had tn Ih'
transported hy land more than 4ii<li) ndl^'.s. Mr. Haird,
the tiii'i'lianical eiiojuer, sent ti competent person to the
liaik.'il to liiiild the hull, and thi.s, under his su|>erin
ti'iideiiec. the Itnssiaii peasanLs accomplisheil. With
their aid, the mechanics put in the enoines ; altera
few triiils the ves.sel steamed across to the Moiijjoliaii
shore, and the d.inocrs of the liaikal had vanished.
I'lolh the Silicrl.'iiis and Moiii;oliaiis pi/.eil in astonish
iiiciit \\hen lliev lielielii ihe steamer make her way
across in a heavy ijalc
When last at this point, Mr. Atkinson found the
sti iiier ali.seiit ; .so without wasliiu; time, he arnin^ed
■ ploie the shore >{oiii;i to the eastward, and .so he
taken up at (lolo ou.stuaia. A crew of tive men ami
his (,'o.s.sick were his companions in the Imat. Shortly
after ieavin;; l.ist\cni|/. the shore of tho Itaikal he
comes exceedinoly ahnipt ; tin- rock — a eoarse-orained
i;ranite — has a dense larch forest yrowinnon the nioiin-
taiii aliovc, whii'h rises consnlcralily to the north. This
fonii.ition contihiies for more than seventy miles, and
many pii lincsi|iii' and strikilio scenes were pre-
sented ; il then cIkiiiois to con^domerate, exeeedinoly
coarse oiaiiied, the shiiieje on the shore lieino entirely
composed of it. Several torrents have cut their
eliMiiiiels lliroiioli these precipices, forming, in some,
lie.iiililiil waterlalls.
The north shore is hy far the most lot'ty ; in .sonic
parts the pre. ipicis rise SIMI and ',MMt feet, iiiid a little
lieyoml the river Alipira to l.Jddfeet. iievoiid the
[■-laiid of Olkhon, ha-allie dill's appear, Hometimes
aiisiiu; I'r.im deep water to an elcMilioii of 7"0 teet.
.\t little liiol'e than a hoats h iio|h from their h.i.se,
sitiiiidilios have heen taken to the depth of !MIII |eet.
.Viler pa.-.siiio tlic>e the shores lieioiiie somewhat less
elcsated, hut exhiliit nmiui'stionahle eviihine of vol-
I'anic action. In some of the ra\iiics weie f;reat
masses of laxa, viliieh iinfortuiialely he was iiiiaMe to
true to its .soiiiie No doiilit it has heen cpetid froni
a ciMlcr ill the Jl.iik.d cliaiii to the iioitli, and pco
hal ly lioiii ne.ir the soiirecs of the Kereiieha Hot
mineral spriiii,'s aie aWo tiiiiid in sever.il parts of the
ch.iiii.
Ketwei'ii the shore of the lake Mild the Itaikal chain,
an elevated sleppeexteiiilslorahout li'iO milt < in leiioth.
and in some parts it is scmiiiv live in width. There
are numerous a iils of jSiiiiats, \k ho jiossess laroe herds
of c.illle, and Ihe pl.iiii ^'ladually desi ends tow. nils the
1 1 Kill ill of the rpper .\iiyara. This river fall* into t he
li.iik.il at ils most noithernly point, and is exceedingly
\aliialile to ihe ,SjlM'i'iaiis h r ils lishcry of omnia
{.Siihilii iiiiiii/<i, I'all ). wliieli is caught line in enoriiioiis
ipialititics, Sillied, ami then sent to all parts of SiU'ria.
Thus preserved, they eipial the hesl I (iiieli herrings,
and when fresh arc most ih'licioiis. A great niiniher
of incii are enoaged in the fishery. They leave Irk-
utsk alioiit the lirsl week ill .Inly, and the fleet
Usiia'lv reaches the I'pper .Nllgaia het'oie the first
of .\u'ii-t. when tl liiiil.i asceiid tlie river ill
li
I
■ I
! !
! M
It t
I ^l
278
ALL ROUND THE WORLD,
inch rnxt sluuils tluit tho tishi-niirii s|>oe(lily ohtiiiii
thi'ir iMr;;i>cs, Miiii iii.ikc sfViril vn\ ;ifr,.s to I.istxt'iiitz
beliire the s<<ii.s4iii clusfs. The rivi-r is imt iiavig;ililo
liiuc'li Ih'VdmiI the vill.iije of l'|i|>iT Anijarsk, ami ciili
iK'ver l>o iiiiide :\ iikmiis nt c<>iiirniiiiii'.itii>ii witli the
AmiH«r. !is si>iiie |i'i-.piii li.ive su|i|ii)«-;l.
Iiisteail I'l' iiu'i'tiuLf the st<';imi'r :it (!(ilivcmstn:ii;i
Mr. Atkinson ciiiiiiiiMi"! his <-x|iioi-:itions. anil on his
ii'tnrn visited the south sliore of the islanil ot'tMk-
lion. It is ahoiit sixty iniie^ in li'n;;th, in some jiails
lirteen miles in hreaillli, ami is se|iafateil tVom the
north shore ot" the lake, ealh-il hy tlie natives the
Little r.aikal, hv them eonsiileroil the most siiered
[lart of the " Holy Sen " Thfi island is n\)Otit eight
miles from tin- north shore. e\r(|>tini» iit its western
end, where a jjreat mass nuis ont into the lake for
sevenil miles, and forms a nmgnifieeiit enlr.uiee to the
Saered Scji. A little farther to the west ihe roeks rise
to ahont I,20(( teet, forming a stiijHMidoiis 4ihjeet «hcn
seen from the water.
The ]ieo|ilc have n tradition in ronneetion with this
rei;ion wliieh thoy imjiliritly 1 cli.'ve. 'J hey say that
Christ visited this |iart ot Asia, and iiscended this
eminence, whence lie looki'd down on all the region
aronnd. .M'ter hlc-siii^ the eimnlry to tlie northward,
he turned towards the .•■Dntli, and, IcKiking aiross the
I'.iik.il, ho wavi'd lii-i hueL excliiming, " Iteyoiid tin* might he detained fi>r sonie ilays. Their ]>ro.-!]ieef was
tiiire IS Milhiii:; ' TliiLi ilii-y acconnt for the sli'rility a had one, iniless thev muld | a.ss the hi.idiai <i and
of h.iuria, wlier.- it i^ Ntid "no lorn will giiiw."
rill' ■. Hilli shoi(! of t\v' island is execdinfjly alirii|it,
ind M',y liw i^iinls are |ires4 nted where it is |M>.-silile
lo land. I'licy li el lieeii ro»,iij» mi tor many lioiits
without llii liii^ my |>lac.- on wiiirh to sleep ; liiglil
re cl; shelter lieyond ; Lnt a strciik of white wiH
oliMi'ved aji|iro:i(li;i4;. and all Were aware ' I what it
foi'e''oiled.
Kiiouiii;,' HJiai life t exanijile 1 a< •■'.\ thcsf men,
Mr. Atkinson ihic w otP liis iaikel, aud took one of
wasilr.min.; ■! I i|'.ic.-, aiidasiiir Ine/i- s|iiiii-ii.j n|i the imi.s, tin- ('M.ss,irk sci/.eci another iimI thii: iniltieed
In 111!.' clilf", .iiii .site iiiiniei'oiH ea\eriis exi-led. and ill the men (o |iiill with a hearty >;o.d will, rx-tore they
front ,1 |ir..iiioiii..i. ,,f hi^di ro. k.< Jiilliii;.' out into ;he could r.xind the point, the !<.|na!l ■.aii^lit them, and
lake coiitaiiiiiii^ ■.wi.il others, and in s..|iie pLiets it ' cc.vered them with sprav , at lli^ liioii ent the lielnis-
was |iirr,c ll.v i.'ill. ri. . „ian lalled to ihciii 'o )>iill for ti.eir liv. s, or tluy
rii-y Iri.i noli, I'd till indi.alion if a m]Ii.i1I to the | wmilil he driven iig.r.iisf llie rocks If was a stn:jii;U«
south 1'a.^t. and the ho., tin. n \M-h. d I • l.ind in one of which .Mr. A Ikiiis.n sjiys. lie ,ie\er shall foiuel. Al
I lie raveni>. linre t.i |as- tin- n jht To this proposi. 1 l||^t, they shot < .it lnyond the nicks, that were then
tudi our tr.iveller decidedly oijixtc.! tciriiii; thiv only a l'l'^v l.oats' lenj(ths from them, iind the thiiiideriiig
I I " I rir '■ " I 'l l *-^|— "■■
UP AND DOWN THE AMOOR,
279
it was
<l iiiiil
wa.i
liHt it
IIK'II,
ItllC Iff
lIlllTll
tlu'V
mill
I'lnis-
llify
At
then
irifiu
of tlie wiivos, as tlmy riiHlieil into 111 ivenis, was ]
truly iijipalliiig.
itaviiii; ))a.sMi'(l tlii.i diiiifiiT, a samly lii'iich was siiii, |
aliout a (Hiartcr <if a mili' liistmit, tiiw.iiils wliifli tlicy I
|iulled with all their iiii;;!!!. 'I'hi! wavis lulliil in, uml
a grt^at surf wa« thmwii upDii tin- slim*! ; |iri'si'iitly tiny
(IhsIioiI tlii'iiii;,'li it, lull till! lio.it was iii'irlv liaif lillcil
liffun? tln'V fiiiilil mil litT U|i the hcaoh. This was a i
narrow ('scii|m', and there they wi^ru ke])t jirisniieis ti.r i
three days.
After sjieudinu; nineteen days in ex|iliiriiii; the |
niirthern slmre, Mr. .\tkiiison reaehed (i.ihi oust iiaia. 1
where the steamer |iii'keil him ii|i, U heii he LV't on :
hoard, the eajitain stateil to him, in Kii:;lish, that his |
loni; aliseiiee had excited some ii|i|ireheiisioiis of his I
Kal'etv. He was not a little a,stiinished to he:ir his n.itive |
toli;|iie sjiokeii in the Itaikal, anil his look ot' sMipiiM' ;
must have lieiMi evident. The captain e\[il.iiii 'd, liy i
informing; him that h" was a S«idi.-.li olli. er, and hail I
served in our na\y mider AdiiiiiMl (/'ndiiiiu'loii lie
had l»'en ei.ulit years in his present oeeup^ition, Mime- i
times steaiiiin;^ aeros.-i the lake, when it was smooth
as j;lass, at other limes in feart'iil storms, whiili lie
ilei'lared wen? Worse here thin in the oeiaii ; more
especially when the yaira lor moniitain j;alei came
iushin;{ from the niouiil >ris I[e liiipiired if he had
.Sounded th« lake, liilt learnt til it he knew the de|itli
otilv hy runnini; out Ids im'i'c wlnii tryin;; to anchor.
Once, diirili;; a jjah', he ran out :.'ll() .s:iL;,'nes (l.ll)llj
feet I within lOH y.irds of a s ind Imik : and on another
oioasion ;iOI) Hai.o'nes (lM(U) fed), «ithom limliiii,' a
liottoin. This prmes the f^riMt di j'lh of the I. ike. and
HUch |irodigioiis aliy>ses are ofleii found clo>e to places
wliere the n cks are not ten se,'ciies under water.
The day was calm, and the steamer ran across in
three hours and a hah', when Mr. Atkinson I It the
worthy captiiiii, and laiidid iit Tosolsky
'J'liere is u monastery heriMil tlic 'I'l.insruiuralioii of
our Sa\iour, that p. is-esse- some ciaimsas an ardiitec-
tiiral compiK^itioii for i . uiimerous turret formed | ic-
turesiiiie jjroiips, and the whole liiiildiiij» had a plea^in;;
edeot when viM«ed from the M likal. It was loiimlcd
hy .Mdiot Keoi|o«.ivi, .ihout theye.ir lliS2, liicomiinino-
rate ii traoie event that occurre 1 on this spot. In
llioll. a l!us>iaii am'iass iilor,Z.ilioiot>ky,and hi'i retinue,
were mu'ilercd here liy the lluil.it>. or Moiiijolians.
Hence it is n.imeil I'lisoUkv. or the .Monastery of the
Ambassador. I'hu huildin^ and the vill.ii»e sl.ind
on a low pi. 1 ill that lunsaloiiij; llie >lioi'et of the IS lik.il.
eoinineniiiii{ aliout t'oiir mile:< to the Muitl'.-wot of the
l.indin^' pi, ice, III, il eMeudiiii; north east to the niou;li
of the .'^ilenga. Kioiu I'o.solsky, the road erovcs the
didla, followiii:^ the shore of tlie l.ike for alioiit ei'.4lit
miles, ami then tnni.s eastward to the pii>t station at
Stepiioi, near llie niouihof the western hraiieh of ihe
Seleii;,'!U The river divides intoeiolit hiMiiches In fore
it falls into the It.iik.il ; and troiii the north west to
the southeasterly ch iiinci is ii dwt.iiiceol I wcnty miles.
This ilelta iiiiiloulileillyocciipiesuli.it has Inninrly
lieeii a port ion of liie lake, uhidi in the course of
a;,'es has hri ii lilh d lip hy mailer wasliid iVoni the
.Moni,'oliaii iiioiinlains It is n iiind hy the | pie,
Koiiiidcreiiskoi Sli ppe. I .ike all t<u h I *i lias, it i-. a most
fertile split, and well < illivaled ; an al'iindanci of rice
unil wheat jjrows lure. Alier le.ivnn/ ."^lepnoi, the
ro.id colli iiiiies .■iloii;;the western hr.iiich of tin- Sileiiira :
the liills to the ri^lit rise c.iiiM.j.ralily. and an- «• I
WchhIoU. Ou reuchiiig Kahaiiskoi, the riur iii:.ki'^ a
great lieiid towards the north-eiwt for ahout thirty
miles to lleiiskoi, and the miniiitains to the .soiith-ucst
lieconio uolier.
The llrst iiioiiastery i-stahlished on the Traiishai-
kalian shore, that of Troiuka, st.inds in a |iictuii'S>|Uo
spot, at some ten miles hcloii' iiiihiiiL,' llen^koi. It
w.is founded hy .Vlihot l'"eoilo.sayi, « ho .settled here in
llls^l, Hceompinied hy ft few monks from Mo.si'ow. The
seliv' iou of I his spot, and the style of the luiildilii.',
|noV(! that those ecc'csiastii's, like their hiethreii in all
a;;es, were ineii of ti^te. 'I liou^li the striicliire must
have pro he e I II strd^iii!.; effect on the minds of the
ISnriats,' w lioni the a'liiot intended to comert, they
could not Ic induced to change their faith.
After p.i>> ng llenskoi, a route turns still more to
the iiortliea-l and approaches the shores of the Haikal.
It leads iiitoamost liiL,'lily inicresling icgioii, where
the nioiinl lins h .ve hecii tossed up and liioken into
pre.ipiies and >]•• ;i ravine.s. This route allonU many
cMraordinary s ries on the Haikal, and when the
tr.iveller looks dov. 11 n|Mi,i its vast e.\paiise, relle'ting
on the terrilile plieiioniciion that I'an.'-ed such a rent in
I lie earth's crii-t (if leol it he) he will pea.se to wonder
.it the siiperslitions dread of the ignorant people who
inliahit the shores. .Mr. Atkinson n.iys, he lias lie.ird
the siiliject reasoned upon hy .some of the most eminent
inining eni,'iiieei-s and geolo.'i.sis in Siheria, who have
visited almost every p' rt of its >liorii, exaiiiining ihe
structure of its piecipico, and have ohserved the coin-
po-iiiiiii of the strata laid hare. Tiny dilli'r wiileU in
o| inioii from one (lermaii author, who. after a '' gallop
iii'io^s the lake ' of seven ( iermaii miles, in ahout two
hours, hy moonlight, selllcd this proliji in. There are
hopes, however, of seeing it eliicidaled hy one thoroughly
aiipiainlcd with this sinful. ir reL,oon, fi.r which tin!
malciials h.ive Ihih eollectid during many years ot
jiaiieiit investigation.
' Huriiits, .1 tril«' nf Mnncrnllun* pattiiriiii; tliclr flnck^ iml
lieni- 111 tlif Viilli V 111 llii- ll.iik.il. Kill tliev a v mil al'.v.iv« mi
pasliiriil anil u.iiiM'ciit as il li.i< |il«iieil rcii'iil li'.ivrllii • Id ilc-
HI rilii- liiiMii, lull li.ivi- lii'fii civtiisi'il to soiMf rxiriil. \Vc li.iru
Iniiii t'.iiil.iin I'lKiiiaai', wlio f;ivcs im a ilcM-riiitiiiii nl" niic nt' iIu'm*
T.iitins wliiii at rnilivisk, liie liiill'-w.iy c'llv hctwccn !tl,llI^k
mill Iv.iirtita, aiiil in I lie vicinity ut' vvliicli .:iii\\s ilir ictLir
nut. uliidi is c\|Hirti'ii, lateii, iiiiil tuiucc/.i'tl Ci.ir ml, t'lri iii^li-
uiit tiiiitiicni SiIht'.i atui KiiiiiM-lialka, lie calictl iipnii mn nl' ttu!
cliiil'-iil ;lii' lliiii.it», «liicli tiiU' niiiiMiiil* 'ii li.lHIO, ii|iiiileil to
Ik- li»' lni;f-t in llic unvcriiini nl nl' jikiiNk. 1 li » 'Ta^Li or
Cliicl Itc ili-M I ilK'k as Ill-Ill;: II .vnnii;; man ot ^ikmI parts, .mil Koii
til tlie I'liniii'i' cliicl', "I c.illcil at liin cliiiiiicllcrv. Inn he
•VIS 'lilt, yi't «crc passp.als allnrilcil iiu- ill tlic .MiiiilmiIliii
(lialvi I liy Ins <fi-rt t irv, iiiiicnni,' cvi'i,v a^sislamv tn Iio ri iiilcrcd
iiic liv all his triiic, anit evciy ri ^iktI In U' sliinvn In ttu*.
riie picsciil rai^kii liai tivu wives, vvliii live in [M'tU'ct
Imriiiiiiiy. lie in fniid ol* tlie unsMDiiiiriet (KiiL'li'<li i*ru-
tcHlaiit iiii^HiiitiarieH who caiiii* to ttie iicil'IiIh-uiIhiikI n; Ncrt8-
ciniHii 111 tsiiivrrt the .\lon;;iili Ills, liai alter aii|>piii;: thirty
years riiivcil, •lishciirti ncil. fioiii their iiii H'ci-tiial Litmiirs). iiitl m
reiiMi h.ilily l'<n ovarii in the Kn;:lisli liiiiuii.i^r. ll.'<, iiiuiluT
lK'i|i'a' licil 111 r iiitini-iiM> lnrtinic In the l.niias, iii- pni>l'>. Imt
lie i- veiv lilh II, vci llulr:,-. His |K)^^l-s^iilns iiic .iIhhiI ;i,tMH)
iihci'p. :loo liii'>">. anil L'IKI hnnicil ciliie: hut las inntlici had
MliHio >iiii |i I.OiHi iiiirsi's, anil ;i,iHiil liurncil catlh , lic>'il. s u
lii^je piiji'itv ill I IS TImw are i iistuni irily vvnrii till they
iiciii.ihv ili'ip 111!, such i« llic iie^hs-t .iiiil filthy ni-itiiii r in which
Uii-v live, 'hie wiiiiicii, arc, on their man ue.-e, ilrc<Hisl in -.itiiitt
anil silks, iKiiih'i'iil »illi l'iir«. The i Ini Is ami siihjicts livu
ti>i.'i iicr ;i!'iiii>i iiiili-c iiiiii ilily. I'll!' I'll iiicclhiy nl' the TaiMkn
(■• >1C ail lis i li I'll-' ■ clirii^ .1 ,1! .1 *ri II 1 ii'v, vv ho .-.n ly mi i niiihl c\lcii-
n IC II I'cijHiimeiiii', 4111I It amy lie eiiiuiiilei'ed un cxci'cdiligly wril
ni.ui»l«l."
!■■•
f
'J '
^M!
^1
. .,!
' 8'
i !
m
!
'4 1
Im'
m
1 1
ii !:
I til
280
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
<^ii tliis cfmst tJiiTc nrc spvcnil licit ami iiiiiii'iiil
s|iriii;;» — tli:it of 'rmUiiisk is tlii' must Mrccssilili', mihI
liiis hrcuiiir the rmxtuii ni' ()fii'?itul Silicriii. Many
fiiiiiilics I'ruiii lrktit.sk ' mihmiiI ]iai't cit' tlit'ir Kuiiiiiirr lii-i-c,
lull-
ll'iiid
' Irkutsk is tlii' in'tr(i]iiilis of cMslcrii SUkt'ii, tl ni)Miriiim
"f tile triiiU' iK'twi'i'ii Kiis-iii 1111(1 Cliiiiu :iiiil Russia miil .silKTia.
.*<tTn tVoin u distaiirt', willi its fit'tn-ii I'ltpin'ri'ovcriHl i*jiiri's, its
walls, towor^. iiiid iImmii's, it )-ri-sriils an aspi rt nf ii cniisiili-niMi-
v-it_v ; Init tlioii:;)) its stri'fts an- \\ iilc, Ilic Iihum's ari> simill, and
liiiilt, tiir till' inns' part, .it' ivii.ul, and in di'ray. It Ii. s ..n tliri.'
riviTs, the .\iipira. tlif Irkiil.sk (wlifiici' its nann'i, and tin- Oiislm
ki.irka. W.shIiiI lidls (..I' |>ini') cxli'iid mi tin' I'ast and ii..rtl.
last, hIsii al.iii^' the wistirn liaiik ..f tin' An^'a'a. till tlir latt. r
jiiiiis till' vullr\ 111 tlif li'kutsk. Till' snail riviT Oiish .k.iirka niiis
fniiii till' I'astvvnrd, ami iii rnissi'd i y a w.hhIi'ii Ini.iiri' ni'ar MINI
yar.js in liMi^tli; this strrani ilividrs tlic t.iwn trmn ilir |.riM.ns
and tlitf wi)Tksli.>|is in wliicli tlii> r.nni.-ts arc i'iii|il<iM-d, tis u.tl as
frnin till' .Adiiiirally (an . iHi'" I'.r siiiiplyiiii; naval slnris tn Sd»'-
rill, (iiininonly I'li.i'iirli phi. -rd in tin' ri'iitn- i.t' tlir coiintin insii-ad
of at Olikiitsk, thi' only sra p.rti, a il d.nkyar.ls mi tlii' castrni
Imiik iiftlii' .Angara. Tlii'ri' arr iiiiiny ^..ud honst's. I'lirii with
n lar^ri' I'l'itrt-yiird ; many liiivi- ;rardi'iis. 1 hcrrarr hut ti'iv shnp^.
and tlit'si' art' all in stris't ; Init tliry art' lariri'. Iiki' stui...
and an- wrli snppli.-il vMth alinnst all n.i'.'s-ary l-liiK.fi.aii l'.-. «t^
that tind tlii'ir way tliriin;:li tlii' tJri'at Kair at .Vi^lini Ni.v^.'r.'.l.
and with (^hincsi' i;in.i1s tr.iiii Maiinatrliin, nr ratlnr. wi' sh..iild
iwy. Kiai'litii. 1 l.r nu'riliiiits ..t' Irkutsk an' v. ry riili. < 'ni- ..I
thi'iii is sjKikrn dt' as haviiiL' li't^ hall' a imllioii t.i tw«. nirri's ami
6tty lh..iisaiid |Miiiiiits til i-haritics; am.tlii'r has a lihraiy .>l
BOtNKi \.>li 8. Thi' h.'spitaliiy .if th.' nlli.ials is l.i):lily spikin
of h\ I'viTy tnivt'lIiT. Mi'lmis, pini'-apph-s. iiiid rliaii'pscni' at
1(i.r. a li'ittle. arc iiiriittom'd as a part >t'lli.' i-nt.Ttainnii'iit, I. in
tlii'rr arr ri'inniints nf' harhari^ni rxistiiiu' " |{i-l..ii' dinni-r.
all tin- u'lii'sts driiik s.'hnaps .lilt nt'thi' sami' ^-lass, rat i-aiiari-
and hi-rriiib: with th.' saini' l''irk, an. I lii'lp thriiisclvi s I.. pri'Ti vrs
with till' saiiii' s)HKin, ami during; dinm'r I'liaiitriM ..rkniM's and
forks uri* iinkliiiw'ii ;" iiiiil this at tlit' rrsiilrnri's ol' tin' tlireo
lii(fl«'st Dllii'ials, till' lawyi'r, ilir L'nvi'rii.ir, and thr iri'viriiiir-
giMUTiit. •• I'lii' diniu'r was si'rvi'd (at * I'luTil liiiprrt'sj in
ftil iival hall l.r spai'i.ins pr.ip .rti. .ns. which w.is thr.iiijrtHl
nrth siTvaiifs a tnihtary hand in tli ■ ..rchrsira, jilayinu' :it intcr-
Tals, and all in ulitt.Tiiij; niiir.irnis," 'rhcri' is a cathedral, with
('tlit'r lini' l.nildiii^'s, tn.isily thcw'.rk ;il" tin' .siivcdisli cn^'iiu'cr
offici-rs, wh.i were iiia.le privmers utter th • haille i.f i'ldtuwii, ■
And Were liaiiishcd hither hy Peter. TliiTe iit ii Lancaster sehiNil
fur 7iKi li:.\s, and an "rpliaii usylnin, h.ith ailnnruidy arr.iiiped.
The |«ipiilati.iii I^ ai.iNHI.and ilic uMiris.in il.iHKi. The L-i'Vern.ir-
pen.Tal, I'.iimt \l.iiir;nietl', rules liver a ci.iiii'iy ten times us
larp' as I'^iiirhiihl, aii.l nas increa^.'.l its imp.'rtani e lately l.y tin'
aeipiisiti.in.il the Am. sir, the plan and prcparati.iii liir which
eiiianatcd I'rniii hinivclt, all I t'"r his suecessinl ciriyini; imt ..f
which he hat w.irthily eariiid f.ir hilnsclt' thr title ..I' ('..iiiit
h'Ain.iiir. He is.niniaiid- several hatteries iit' i'nsstiek artillery
einn^K'teiit to any h. r\ ice ; and C'.iitd, w iihiii his ;:.'Vi'rn.>rship,
raisi' a liiviHi'.ii iit'ti ps that vv.ail.l inarch t.i I'.'kiii in six da\s;
that is. t'rniii Irkutsk, nver the Haikiil. t*. Kia.-hta. al'.>nl iwo
hnndreil inihs, then i IliniiS'ind miles, thrmi^li t..tty ihi>H
!.»■ desiilate e.iiintry, tnwiihin a week'., ilistince nl I'lkin (llu'
ear.ivan r'.iilel, wlicre the .•.niiitry iiiipr-.ves. ■
The nmrkits ..f Irkutsk are well siippli.il w.lh all kimU nt' pni-
visi.ins, except innlt.in ; Uet is i;.n.d, and is principally siipplieil
hy the lliiriuts U'vund and .in the ii'.rth ..(' the llaikal : a live
(lilt, six w.ekii "III, Mv. J./, (l.iine •>!' all kinds i. phntit'iil alid i
rheiip, nnd hii is ti-li. l.'.i.iL'ii pi-iHlnc. . lir.iiii.'ht l'r..in Itiissia, is I
III" curse ci|ieii'.ivr, the carriii::.' ain.'niitiii;.' t . I'pi per fmi frmii I
.\|.«i".w li Irkiit-k. Sii.-ar is J». TJ./ p( r Ih. : ci.llis'. ;i«. i./. ; '
riiv, f!</ ; leni'.ns, Mv. '_'./. each ; ..ra'ii.'e«, -•. ; sardines, !.«. !ti/. |
jK'r Ikh ; Kn^.'linh |H.rtir aii.l >e.itcli ale, II... |./. per hnltle; |
Kreii.'h hr.indy, lli 1,/. |kr h'.ltle, ne'stly made in Kiissia. Wine
i^pially dc.'r : eh.iiniuiL'iie, Hiv. \it,i. a Isittlc, and n nre nf il ia |
drank th.m any nther wine. When c.>iniiiiinicati(ins are i'i.ta-
blishcdlietw.cii Ihe Aii^'aru and the AiieKir, and vi'hsi Is diseliurKf
their .'ari;.«'s at Irkutsk, a u'reat diaiikrc will Ik' .ir.slcd tlnuiiLdi-
out SiU'ria, as the .Viinri. alls mid Kn/lish, ei.niini.' up the river
from tie I'acith. will hrint'.l.iwn (-.shIb with their shiiw, at (inc.
fimrlh the i«'rl. ni^re hy land.
There is a .lark sal.' ..I Irkutsk yet t.i In- told. It in the place
ofMiletr.'in Uiissia l.ir |Kililiea! i.pii.i.iiis. "At the tin I m\
visit t" Irkiit-i.. ' sa\« .Mr. .\lkiiis..n, " there were «ix "f theixilc-
(l'..r the iii»nri.cli..ii atraiiisl .^il•lllllu^) living; in (he l.iw i. ,vii.,
!iml |it'i>|.l(' i.'(i iiKH'i. tlitiii 11 tliinisniiil mili'N (n tiikc ii dip
ill il.s xvntcfs, riclxv.i'ii this |i|,'i,',' ;,,i(l Oust Uni'i
/ill tlicrc lire utlici- sjniiiiis, in xxliiili tlic giisliiiiij
.SI, lids the liiiml if |iliii'.'(l in it, Aliout t'dity liiilcs
licvdiid thiTc is piddf tliat voiciinii' jijjcncy Jijis diicc
lii'cii iutiM". fur lifi-e is an extinct triitcr, I'i'dm dnt df
xvhic'ii viist (|iiiintiti<'s df liiva Inivc iimircd. In tlir
vicinity ul' Hnrgtizin. najilitlia and hitnmcn mo cmi
stantly lisin;; in tlic I'.aikal, and carllninakcs arc n( I
iinciinimdii.
Rome of the exiles of lfi2.1 were sent to live in
BarKiizin, afttT iiiidt'i-gdin^ a severe part of tlicir
sentence in the mines. One only was living then)
when the present Kin|K'ror recalled thera to RiiSHia, and
he, liavini; married a peiLsjint's daughter, cliinise to re-
main ratiier than letiirii with liia family into a .society
where he felt they would be out of place. Ife had
Served as a midshipman in the British navy, on board
the same ship as young Coilrington ; they passed their
examination together, and a strong intimacy had sprung
up between them. He di-sired Mr. Atkinson to wait
on the adminil on his return and give an account of
his olrl messmate, who had turned sable hunter. He
arrived in KngLind tiH> late t«) fultil his promise.*
Prince Vdlkiinskiii, l'rinctTr..iil'i'tsk.ii, nniU'iilnncI I'l'fige, with
their families; the others were MiiUliemiH', niiil two lirnthera
IJarrisholV. These furined the liest siK'iety ill Irkiitak, nnd siinie
of the most iii;ree.ilile days which I spent iiiSiheri.i were ill enjoy-
ini! my interccmrse with them. They w ere now livini; in comfort,
niixiiit' ill aoeiety, and ijathi riii^ nrniind them all tn« heat that
Irkutsk airiirileil. The rniicessTrimhetskoi had s|ient several
of her youthful years in Kiiulaiul. assoeiatiiii; with the highest
families in the kiiik.'dnin. She was a clevir ami highly e<lucate<l
woman, devoteil all her energies to the educitinii of her three
dauiihters uiil a yonm; sun, and was the lirat huly who followed
her hnslaml into .^iheria. I lieonl from her own lips an account
of her jiinrney thniiKdi these dreary re^'ioiis, when she was at-
tended only hy a niai. I servant, as well as of her reception and
treatment when at the mines of Nertschinsk. The Princess Vol-
kouskiii W.IS the next to fiillow ; she h.-nlaaonaml daiiiihter, the
lutteroiieof the most U'lMitiful i,'irls I everlieheld. Koth these
families |«issesseil everytliiie,' they could desire, except lilierty to
return to their homes: with the nlhersit wasdillereiit, and with
two lift hem it was iinleeilalianl slrii',',de fur existence. I'hese
expatriuti'd instructors," says ( uptuiii t'ochiane, "have tended
to improve and civilize Silieri i, in a ratio aurpiuiainjj that of
Central linssia."
'' In hisri-xeiit "TravelsiiitheHei;innsiif tliell|iper»ml I.«wer
Aiiiiior, " Mr. .AtkiiisoiiHiipplieHnswithsomcpainiully iiiterestin){
inforiiiatiiin as to the prior episode in the stinly of these uiihupiiy
exiles : " Krniaii says." vol. ii., p. I.S.I, " the nnrortniiateB of the
I th of Deeemlier, who had Wen loiitined to the settlement at
I'liitil, XX Inch lies lieyonil the Itaikal, on the road from V(:ikiie
< liidiiisk to Nertschinsk. I'liere are no ii.ines there, an that in
order to carry out the sentence on the convicts to the letter, they
haveerecteila|sili»hiii:;inillinxxliicli to employ them.'' Whoever
has read this paragraph xx'ill have concliide.l that the exiles were
employed ill tlie mines ; lint such is not the fact. .My iiiforniniits
were the "iiiifortiinates" and their wives, all of whom were liviiii;
at Irkutsk, and in other places that I have visited. 1 w,is on
tirmsof iiri'at intimacy with th.'se |s'iiple. and retain many pleas-
inu recollections of them. They were taken from St. Peters-
hiir^h in chains, each man in atele^a(awai;i;iin without siirin^s),
attended hy a i.'eiid'ariiie (this is an esfiecial corps under tile coni-
niaiid of the secret |«ilicel, hut not hy the usual route thr. .ui;h .Mol-
cow; they were sent hy Varoslaw and Vatka. This was tliriiii>,'li*
part of the country hut little travelled, and they entered on the
ereatSiherianiBil hoforerruchiiiv; Perm (thefronliertownof l!u»-
sia l'ro|H'r). Onleraxxerekfiveii that no limeHlioiild he lost on the
ro.id,iioraiiystop|>ap alliiwed except for rerieshinent. Theirjour-
iiey was a lon^ one, 7,(1'.".) versts, and they were hurried nnwarda
ni^dit and day. On the evening of the thirtieth day they reachexl
Nertschiiiak, and were handed over to the authorities. Mere
they slept, and the next uioriiin)( iturted for tlie mines, at •
distance of 27U versta. They reaclied thuiu in the afternoon of
the followiug day, having travelled over 7.JU8 vanta iu thirty
DP AND DOWN TIIR AMOOR.
281
T?iiri;ii/.iii is fiimoil for its saMos ; no sl<iiis Imvc yrt in tin' first Cini'. — lli;it of tlic Iiot sprinirs — not
Ihm'M t'ounii in any piirt of tlif woriil njinl to tiicin. sn cfitaiii. Iml, in llio latter ras4<, nniloulilcijly ••on-
Till' fur is a (li'('|i ji't lp|aci\, lint llic [loints of tin' li.iiis irrcti'ij wilii rlii'iniiiil aftioiis f.'iiini; on al tin- |irt'-
tipiii'il willi wliitf, an<l tliis ron-ititiiti-s tlicir |MTuliar ^iit nioimiil, ami siniilar lo tliosi' wliiili j;i\i' liirlli to
Iti'anly. Mr. Atkinson says lie saw a sin^li' skin fm- tin- tlnTiiial spiin;;-!. cvoliuinii of napllia anil otlu'r rar-
wliirli till' liniiti'r ili'nianili'il tlir :aiiii of I'igliti'i'ii liiii-i'lcd |ir.Hliicl>, ami to tin' rxiNii'Mci- of jiiriMain'iit
jionnils lirrs at Itakii on tin' ('asjiiaii, ami at Klikiik illiu
It must 111! ri'inarkril in roiu'lnsion, at tin' risk o|' I'liliylnnlaM Kfl'atan ii, in UiKv luiia. 'I'ln' ran lii|uaki's,
lii'ini; for a niomi'iit sli;;litly ti'cliuii'al. tliat lln'ri- aii' nr ral licr scacpiak^'s, wliirli aii' ili^rril'i'il a.^ Minntinirs
nianili'stly I'viilriins of two totally ililli'l'iiit onli'i's of .lisliiilpiiii; tin' stillm'ss of this j;i'i'at lakr, as also tlni
natural pln-nonnna I'onni'i'lr'l with Like llaikal. iKiinial s|iiiiii.'s. may lifloiii,' to om' or hoth milirs o(
Tlii'ri' ail' thr liawilts ami lavas ami otlirr iuiirons pln'tionn na, hut as tlirso siaipiakrs are j,'rnrrally fol-
|iroilurts I'onni'Oti'il with ei'iilral aetion (oxi.lation .it' Inwoil hy tin- ili'striii'lion of a l.ii;;i' numln'r of vciy
nietallir hiusi-s), which hi'lonj,' to roiii|iaralivi'ly, ami. |iiiiiliar lish whirli ti'iiaiit tin- ilipths of the lake, it is
ffeolojfieally speakiiif;, ohl ami reeent tinies. 'riien iim^t iirohahle that thev are eonineleil with eheniieal
there are the hot s|irin;;s, evolutions of Lfases, a-i aei imi^. I.y wlii.'h nnxi.iiis ;;a~es, ile,i nnlive of life, are
al.si) of naphtha, petroleum, ami liitumeii, whieh are, tvohi-.i in lari;e ipiantities.'
^
of pui)i^)iiiii-ii*, :tii(l
'It :i mail vvli.i ilrt.r*
nt.i
two iliiys. llcri' wiis tlu'ir jirisini iiiitl itlif
tlifv i|uu'kl_\ t'oiiiul tlu'tn^i'lvi'!! iit tin- iiniil-
niitit'ilto ftit'in'i' tlu'ir si'iitftict' in lU uiiii'i-t riirntr. 'I'lu-y :irrivi'»i
on till' Wi'ilni'Hilay, untl "ii llii* toll'iwiii.' ^I.nnljy ni'iriiini: I'riii.-i-
Vi>lkiiiisk'*i IViiu't* rroiilH-tsKui, lUHirnu' ot luTs.lh-i^.in iln-ir tniiiiti;^
l.ilnMir:*. Tliis was liarti sorvicc, wii-Miii^ I u* pickaxf ami liatii lu-r
was* a new <'4SMHi:itiim, ami tlii'ir ki'.-|nT m ulc tlirir tciil jk-vrn*.
TlnMitluTs, as thiv arrived, uiri' iliviilf i into ;: inj> ait I sent into
the mines. Kuli was known rnily l>y liis nmnltt r, uml lierethey
wiirkt'tl I'»r two years. < >I liers were liaiiisiie*! t.. :•. snhtary lite in
III*.' Ions; s of Yakutsk ; "uml oft ii-'-ie exiles I .-.mlil aU.»," s;i\s Mr.
.Vliiins in. " y^\\t' a few iiii'i'lenls tuat woiiM wonl«l mt sav m.:.*ii
tor till* ' It'iiimry ot' tin' piwrimient -t its se^v:l^t- ' ot rtliieli
Mr. Krni:in speaks. Several ot tliesi' exiles (eon\n-is us lie rails
them) wen* ailvani'itl in yrars ami liu 1 lett urown np sons aiiil
il niiiitters ; others, llieir juniors, Wert* torn ;n\iiy I'rom yonn^'
eliilili'iM), an<l mothers Willi inlant> in lln'ir arms hiul pr sseu np
to the tele;,ris to ^r'<\'^ their ta'her a last lo (k al his eliiUl. Some
liatl Ut-n hut rtuetitly nnrrleil many were sin^tc, and ii lew had
not reai* ml tiu'ir twentieth m' ir."
Th*' lir".t lady who lollowe 1 her hnshind was tl.e IVineess
Trontiftskoi ; slie was yonuj; anil delcrniined lo -hare the (ate ot*
lnT partner, ami. it' po^-*lhle. suotht hi-i years ..!' huni»t)tnt'nt. It
was wilh irniit ditHcillty she ohtained per uission. ail>l. witen it
was iffauted, it was ipleil witn aeou'liion thit " no laily who
tollowi'd Iter hnshand to his platv ot* exile, slionld en'V reinrn." 1
Kveii sO'li II eondilion tlid ruit eiian^fe lier re^.tlve, i>nd she ^turlrd,
aeeompauieil only hy a tailht'nl maitl s-rvant, n ho de^ <'min'-il to
share her ilaou'i-r an<l her e.xlie. She uainte.l lo nie an aeeotmt ot'
h.-r a'h-'iiiuroiis journey ill' netrly o.lHt i ut U-s. mad<> durinj" a
severe \v nil ei", v\ht'ii she o("ten ene 'Unteii'd the learlnl stofms so
tretpieiit in Siheria. Nor were they the 'tnly dano^-rs ; she had
(teen (he vvtilves rnmiin); on eaeh side tie- sie.l;;e, reU'iy t<t |n»unee
on the horse-, if they slaekene I their sjii-ed or ftll. She. however,
reaeliril Nerts<'hinfik in safety, and a vi«- loy e:i^ineer oiKeer. »* ho
was retnrniiii; to the /iv^d, kin Hy -ill'-'cd to cM'ort her to Iut
destiuation. Iler impliries of this ^etith'iuaii were numeneis,
Slie wished to know tin t..te of her loinhaud. lie u'-ive her au
assuranee that he was well, liut uvoide<l all oi ner <|ih'stions. t>ii
their arrival sUewa" taken to Uiat <itlieer's home, and hi?; wife
olfere.l all the eouilorls their dwelliuj; alVor.led, \Wiile he >ent her
|His.«|t.irt to inl'orm his ehief of her arrival, and expr<'SM-d \t h mi
her desire to see the I'rihee. IVeseittly, a i>oliee-o(lii'<'r arrived,
mid toid tier that he liad reei'ived instrnelions tomndnet h< r to
her ipiartern, and thai nhe wouhl he jH*rmitted to see her hushund
on the morrow. A siiiL'h- rih.ni was as^ijned to her atiil the ntibl,
hearing all tlie us|K'i-ts of u iiri-^m, and it was annonne.d llia'- she
was Mot at lih'-rty t.i vitit any one in tlie town without ]»er-
misHion. Next inornini; Khewas t <ken to tlie house of the eluef,
when she ur/ed her re<piest to see ihr Primv, and alv. (o !.e
tH7rniitt<*tl to spend Konie lionrs eaeh day in U\* s<h-ietv. The
tirst part i»f the re.piest wa« j:rauted, hut the Inter was
retnsed; iind tliis niun s..',ii, ih Htie had eou)e to share h>T
huKJiamrii elite, shit must suhuiil to pi'ivni diseip*.ne; addtn.;
tliut she u.is not to he perniitte<l to wnte a sih;;ie htie with-
out its p;ts-in^ thr -n^h his himtlt. At*l<r tins he orden d the
pttliee lo nindnel her tii t he I'niiee. pvinir ius nnmU-r; hnt n-l
hiM ntime, and ihent»> lu-r d.vellini:. A >iedL'e was waitiii;^ fur
them, and this m.m drove several v.t ^-ts to .ttie of the mines, when
ithe Was (*o:idneleil 'lown ami alon^ tjie L'allery to where the exd't
wi-re working'. l"or h tew oiomenls fhey all jjaied uU Ut^ in
ania/ement. thuikiu!; i( a \ision: and the >pell was only hrokeii
when she rushed into Iut hiisluiid's arms. 1 dare not attempt to
paint thi:j interview; lint tlie I'laiikinir of his ehains reealled her
to a kiiowled^'e of his p.i>itl,Mi, and the ])ohee otliei r pnived that
h.' po-se>^eil a U'Her heart liian his eliiet, hy removing her from
a vehe heartrending to all.
"Tlie ehief plaeed her fm prison fare, nor wonl«l he jurmit her
to h;<ve tea. After tins she saw the I'rinee tmee a week, hut not ill
the mines. In ahont a nionllt two other la<lies arrived and went
thron^h tin* siune onh'al. Ki^hteen months passetl without any
»-ii.uiire. when this Itrnle uf a ehief was railed hetia-i' n trihunal
tfom wliieh no e ean esea|H'. I eali only hope tliit he possehsi-il
'onie un know 11 o-.m 1 ipi.ihi ies thai wonlii reeonimeml him to mort.*
merey than he r\ten.lrd to tlio^e m tier his ehai^'e At^er his
death another filli.-T w.ii appointeil, who re»*eived tiie lathes and
treated them as me<itlM'r.> o| ins fanhlv. Hi* did evervthtn;; coii*
sislent with his duty to relieve the unt'ortnuate exih's, and
tliro-nrii his intere -s^ion, at the end of two years, they eeused
to wtirK ill the mi les, and tlnii wero removeil to t'hita and the
mid."
' The rea<ter w 11 Ih» interested to ham that e\eti m theM'
remote le^'ions, of whieh the civilised worhl now seem to heir
altont tor tlie first time, there has i>\isled tor more than forty y* urs
)iast a smallliody of <le\o'ed Knt^lish niissi-tnaru s. Tlit^ i<. at
SeliMi;;iiiska, up the Seh'oira. whieh flows into the Ihiikal lake,
and eommunieales hy ii Inhntary into llie irreal .\nnH>r rxer.
We Inar of I hem first from the traveUof Captain t'oeiiraiie in
Siheria. in ls-.i(i.
'■Martini.' fVoni tiie monastery, on the Uaikal, alnive men.
tioMisl. over a io-A tl ;t p is: nn', uloii;; awtll rnilivateil road-si.le
and past several villaps, weiearlu-il VeMh\ > tv I ditisk, a lar;^e,
iKipiilons. and tlonri>liin.r eity, tui the hanks of the >eleiipi, ilie
ijiMiid mart lieiweeii 'lelinUt and Kiaehta, tVom the tormer of
wlich It is ilistant ahont 2i mi mths arroK^ tlie lake, and tlie Heat of
a vt-ry extensive and i-oiisltlerahle traile with the nei^hi^oiiriiiu'
Ihiriat^. It r.Misists of U.iKiH inhahilaiits ni.d oiHi li.t;i-,-s. Kp.m
if to *»elenjiii-k.i are seventy mile*, w lit< li we pi i fonn* d aloiij^ t in-
trali^iuinnt Si-l.-nu'a in seven hours The Imuus of the riv.r hore
the most romanlie app" aranre, the hills rising iiUiv one another
into the frontier nioiiutains, hut pre-eiilniu' no apjH>aiaiiee of
hahilation eir pt in the lowest vaUevs. I he viila^res, me, how-
ever, within |onr or flvn miles of eirli other, alonu' the kmks of
the river, lie immetlialelv lepaiml ti> the aho.h* ol the Knjii-h
missionaries settled ill this part of the worll. and was kiiidlv
re.-eiv.d hy Me-srs. St.tUv 1 im'^s ami Voiiviile, wnli their wive> and
innneriiiu eluMreM, and ton mii.-, as it were, an Knu'lish e-il. ■ii\ tn
the o-nlre ot h.irhar,sni. Il< parsed i\ e .iple of davs (atttr-
wun's lie visit eil tmpiently ) am-n;; these .seeind<d ami self-
(hvoted iHople rhi y hail, at that tiale, heeii eslahlisliid more
tlitn three vears. i.nd hatl tnetetl two luat and houieiy dwdlinL'-.
with oiitdionses, huiall ^.Mi'hiis, Ae. The KniiMr<.r of Kussia
t Vlexunuer) hail ^rmrKMisy iiefVa>ed all the expenses aiul ^iven
the -MHiety u u'litul of laii'l, \'v*i' of aetual rent ami of
pu he serviee. Ihey hadallinde.l witli u'' eat perseveranee,
im ti^iry, and sneress, to the perfretiie^' tlieins*lves in the
MoUL'oiiin lan^T'ii-'*'. "H'l li>'l tiearly e.imple e.l, ev.ii then.
.iiel ..narie* ami LTrannnars. While learning' the .Mon.:olian lan-
j tiue, tiiev had aUo heeome aetpiainted w itii the .Maiitehu,
owin,' to there h imr iii> die ionary of the Moiii:..ii.in, exeept wi'h
the .M.intehu. So tiny learnt KnsMail, .Malilrliil, aihl Mon^^o.
hail al ti'e »iime lone, and made th. ir own L'rainmars ami ilietiou-
■■ !
i N
I L«
II
' 1
(:■!
!!•
3ta
ALL ROUND THR WORLD.
V._POWN THE A MOOR.
" HaKI>i.^. " ■.;iy> a travellt-r. «lu«. ill his own |mtvi>ii,
!ia(l iiilril n.T a ti-mlorv >4-iir<-<ly lens cxtcnsivi- tliiiii
KiLSHJu itwlt. '• hanllv w:i> ilii- WfNt4Tii Kiii|iii'i' trinl
cicii under fi"it liy tin- tril"-^ tliat wire ripniiiii».siiiin'(i
fur tliis tu.sk t'niiii tin- liliiiif t<< tli<- Anio<>r, wlicii Mr,
wliii .sy.itematiciilly viniliiatcTi his own glory liy tlif
t>rn|>liiym*'nt of tin- fifl.l«->t instriiinfnt!*. fniiiul in llir
unknown wilds of S<-uiiilinaMit. t)ii- pTin of ii nurtlii'rn
tiil)e, of widiT nuigf. and loftier iiini. At oner, ii-i if l>y
a inir.u'lf. a s<-;inty and i>l>s<.'un- ]"-o|ile ImrMt fortli in the
Wfst and the i-a>t. a> the tiomiiiant ran- of tlie tinii's ;
one i-ai-e of .Nomian- »a« finding its way throngh
France to Kn^'iaml ; while another w;i.s e^talilisliing
its siipreniaey imr the Sclavoniaiis of the l><iry«thenes,
the two Ix-ini,' to meet in o|>|iusite ilirtt-tioiiN at the
enil of a thousand yesirs."
ari<'i>, ttliirii bi\i' iIm- »lTanta«rr ^f al|>lulK-ti»il itrraiiKiiiU'iil over
tlioM' in t'oriniT um', in which ttM- «i<>nls «cre only cltiHit*-il uiiiliT
the ililliTi'iit '•nhji-t-tA tthe ra(itaiti tnu»t havi- nieiiiil thr:rnN>l«).
A «lit'tii>iiiir\ MitlitHit ■t[»tialiK-iM'al arran^fiiiciit, with tlie \ittr(U
t'liiMitieil unih-r «llb,ivt*. niu»t liaie Uvli « Itlleer ptiz/le til the
iiiiliiiriiitl. I iii'v luuL aln-wii, >li»lnhuti<l traiiKlalHiiiit (if iiiuii)
piirttt iit' the Nrn I'vst.-iiiMtit aUmt tiie iHichlN>urh<NHl, uiul niuile
iii.inv jeuriieM* into ttie int«-r><f *•( tin- tn-iintry, wiiii ii y'wn ti>
l<-rni a('i|tiuint;inee« with thi^ e- U-f* simI pniu-ipiil lH-e|>lr, hh llUii
wilh the lant-jA or pne^ts. A* \rl liie^ hud inaile ne conMTU ;
their Moriut MTtants otiU n'luaincd with them lor the Nike el
Utter t'lNxl uilii lea* «<trk, ami werr nderahly ei|»Tt in i-iNikiiiu',
w:itiliin^, anil utlendin^ tat^U-. lite i>r<liiuiry fiiml i>t theM- liunihle
MiiT i.itH, ti>r live ila\!i in the ni-«-L. w Ikii at h^nie, i^ hr ek ten ; the
(MMir hut st'lil'iii ta'>[e nmt, alt ••uyh lUy have tiem r.illv ii liltle
int niiiiHl uith their te.i, tite ieave« nf witii-h thi-y ennHnine im Wf
dii^rienii, .ind whieh, tha* mi&ed, o*n»ti1uti>, <mi the whnU', a
verv naiity, htit vi-rv ntxinUiiii); »ii4i. J he rii-he?* »»f the ihii'fi*
eiMimst in hirp' lie il» <>l rat:le, aiiil mum- juantitie* • ( turn. The
iiiiinl>eri>t 9h<'<|' iiul k""t> in thi» J«art .il'ihe worUl is |'ri«li^'iirnii ;
hiirne<l nittle kihI h r--- jr> aU»>»tiTf nuiuernnit. " I he llnriats,"
9H\s ('a|itain t'lieiirvne, "ai'far.ira hit}, tlirtv, hut <-itutt-ntril rare,
tinil i|uite an iininaniy, oiwanlU, aii«l M-rvdeasthe KnuiiM'liatkuH.''
lie iliiiihlitl the prohiilHliiv ii( iiilliM iirini: tlnni t>< relitrioii^ inn
vemion. eajic'ei.illv n* '.he Uiiia |> iestj tui*! taken tlie uiarni, and tlu-
Itiiriatri liai) hri'ii^ht tU-ir ivinr**»» U«i*.», tf>trtit triit;i/i,» iuaih,
frnMi Thiliel, at an •■ij^-ii*.- ••! liitw* bea*l ef i-uttle.
This Ma« in I'^i". \\ •• lievir "<^tln- iiii»-i<".arie» apiin thmufrh
(Miveriior Siin{>s"n, in |s|i. t»iiitv-t«o _vt-4r« Uiler. He hail
nut vi»iiitl liiiii. hut s|>4.', thr>>u/h ttx- rei«'rt 'f Kussiaii uHliials
eDiiininnieutitl ti> him, whtU- v;»itiiiir til.- I..ik<- Ituikal. >iN-iikiii^iil
what liie Kniin'ror Aliiamkr lixl Joie. he pK-i im In miv Ihal
that Kni|kTiir's iiUrililv - ui><«|it>lW<l in any other ronntrv in
I'hristemloni — was <till |»nn.tttj to wi^ri its »h> under the
aiispiei's o|' the Kinj»'r«»r Nu-!. -Us. But tho^ di-votisl fMit>. li-wi
liiriuhate in this nsfieet tluii their hnslhn'n ot the Tahiti. in
iiilaniU. found that a Uul nlitrvin, alatrter nii):iit U' its muiiUr-
vuiliiiu' inerit!«, wa* a wor** etiefnT <<<" tin- puriT antl simple fhris
tianitv >t'the llihle tlian iv> r> t)^ iti at all. I he llnriatK pn>les>rd
the l.annesiii ol Tliihei, with it» iVwiinaiit priotluMnl, and its
hIioIi- lihrarie;! of <*n-«-iU ami nmiiueitLani-s. aii«l. iitalrr their
liereditury prejtiiliei-t, l<«-ui aiMl nalioii.i>, aiM-ml and jiolitinil, lii«-.
rtirv and eeelemitsficiti, tlit-T ila-hU-nat«-l\ and olnitinuti 1_\ Jireterifd
till' tlu'kirin): t;hin' of th<ir umn hlulatrv to tin- ^rniiine li^'ht of
till' (f<is{a*l, Kpini fHilith'jl motive*. Imwrvt-r, ihe ItusHian lio-
vi'nimeiit waa said to U- anii<Mxa to riniciluile Ijniiui^ie ; and the
linsk I'hiirrh had it« jr«h>usir« niiuavl lij the suspii ii n that the
halllt'd rrotf^tant.s vv..re striving to |irev«iit the It'irititu from
I'liihrai'iii^ aifr other form of lTiri»iLaiiity tiiBii their owi;. "In
a Word," O'lieliidtsl Itovt-rt'tr Siin|i^ ri. "tlw inm«ionuries, to the
Im'sI of niy knowUsij:!', maiU' init inir real eoinrrl. while Ihry
wi-re MtiU inori' M-riotislv tli-««s»ur,i*r»d h_v tht- fai-l, that t-vrry pre-
ti'tideil pros4-lyte o-N'nlv rrU)M««l a* <iH4i a« he tiad ^iiini-d the
tas'ulur ends of his tntire^ltil hvfxTtM. Almut ten years alms',
they retinst from thiir i*-alou« Ut«4ir».*
This was written in IhI;;; hi.t lii>v(-m<TSiiit|ianii was mi^taU-ti.
for .Mr. AtkiiiMiu iis-aks. wlirn wriTiiip in l*vVH. of two l:in;li^h
ni.HH >>iiarii-s n Kiilinc in >«-lat.<lui»k, " wb>., tr-m ad I heanl, wrn-
Iit4»st cstt'i ahle m«-ii . nt-si^hrk-^a, tUv writ- uiuabte I41 make
isinvvrla aiiion^' the lluhala.'
I Wliile, othi'r great iiations liad Ikn-ii for eeiittirieH
' seeking 11 wiiy to the Hist and its iieasiircx hy the neA,
the t'lKsnaeka «>f Kiis.sia ii|i|M-ar t<i liave Im-vii htiiiggling
aunittH tilt- viu«t continent of .\sia towaniK tin- »anie
iilijeet, and they had nearly uttaine<l it in tlie ITih
eentiiry, and liail even reaehisl the .s<-ii. in (h-tii< '
|iartii.s, lint llirn, tlioiii,di diverted hy ('hiii,i fioin the
direet line of .lajiaii, they |M'nelr:ited tu tile Sea t>f
Okhotsk in a higher latilinle.
At last, however, tin- |M-r»'vemiK-p <if this great
i'oni|in'ring — anil a.vsnredly the iiii«it civilising of cmi
i|tiering nation.s since the ISoiiMiis— has triniii|.)ied, and
Hti.ssia in rewarded hy the attHiiiliient I'f a line <if river
which eiiiini'ils her wiilely dividid |ii-ovineeH tnin tlie
shores of the I'acilic to the Caspian ami the ISIaek S<-a,
the liallic, the \\ hite Sea, and Friizeii Oi't-aii.
The Archi|iel,'ij.'.. of the Knrile Islands, of wliich
the more sutitli westerly U'loiig to the ,la)<aiiehe, coin-
jiletes the line onvkhich Itiissia dirietly and iininc-
diately intliieiices nearly all the jaiwer^ of the tdd
continent— Sweden — now eMeinling to the Atltintic;
Prussia virtually im liidini; all the minor states of
tiet'tiiiiny ; Austria iiml llalv : Turkey, from the
IhiliilI.e to the eataraets ot the Nih- : l'ei>ia, horderilig
on the .sea that washes the eoa.st of Malalar; I'eiitrul
Asia marked hy the foolst«]c ol nearly all tlie coii-
i|iierors of llimiiistan : 'IhiU t. containing the .s4iiirces
ol the 1 iiriiiiii|>i'ota iind the (iaiigis : ( hina, meeliiig
Spain in the I'hilijipincs : and !'• rtii^'til and Knglaiiil,
in her own islands ; and la.stlv, ,la]'aii it.'-i'lt. tlint
iiivsterioiis empire, wliieh, hitherto. I. as htiod uliad
alike from the eoinn eiee and Wiii'laie et the world.
Tile Aimxir, then, alter 11 lining Iroiii Central
Silieria into China, turns Imek iipwaids towaiilK the
Noi'thern Pole, thus iiielosing a wide .share of Asia
within its fold.s, and ti rininating in a liiy. which Icing
hotiiiiled in front l>y the Ishii'd ol Sagaiin, the iipvtaid-
iiiost of the .lapaiiesi' group (ijow a Hns-sian I'OK-es.'ioii),
opens hy one stniit into the Sea 'if Okliot.sk, and hv
another into the Sea of .la|i;in.
No iiatioii on the nirtli |o^^t.'.ses m> rich a pi iz4', nor
in iheie any other ntition, e.\ct|.t tlic Vnitcd States,
that. Were Mich a river in its ]«>».ession. ■wnnld Ix-
likely to Use it s| iidily, it d at 1 me, to mi ginid H pur-
pose :is Pii.ssiii. For onrMJv.s. the nation that has for
celiliiries |Hisscssed the Coliiiiihia. the Saskatchewan,
iind the jjieat 1 oliin 1 lion ],\ thi' Canadian I^ikes, hiit
has tiM'd iIkiii tor no other pnijoM' than for hnnting
■if l.cave|-s ; a Imtioii that lia.s siaieely yet a]>pli«<l
steam to theCniiges. and thcMiy inland watt r com
n.iiiiicatioii of wlo.-e I wn tiiritory is \et iindeveloiietl ;
We tinist letire liom ih. pietinsioii ol U'lng civ iliM-rs,
and he colli) nt to s(|iial I le li>r Miiall priv ihges w it h
tho.se colonies which lia\e},'iown tiled of our ignorant,
ill-direi ted and iiijmlicii'iis intetleDme.
In aliiio-t eveiy jioiiit of view, the Ainoor is the
most vjiltialile stream in iioiih<rn Asia. Of all the
large livers of that l-'lilidless ngii'li, it is the onlv
one that empties itself into a liavigalde |«r1 id the
Mtiiversal ocean. Thetlhi, the ^'eiii.-v^i, ami the l.<'iia,
carry the waters of the Altai inonntaiiis to the Polar
Sea, there to lie lost to commerce as ellii tiiallv im if
liiiried in the s^inds of a hnrning desert : the Vanu,
the liiitigirka, the Alasei, and the Kolvma, whnh ri.se
in a siiliordiiiate range, waste till ir res|H'i'tive trihiites
on the same hopi h ss w liilerness ol iee : and the
.Vmidvr and the Kaiiisi l.alLa liver, thoii^di thev do
Iind their way to the Pacilic. are yet u( HHimdar}'
t ' . 1
UP AND DOWN THE AMOOR.
283
r (•(•iiturit'ii
\iy till' »e*,
I htninj{liiig
K I lit- SHIIII*
II tlu- I Till
II ilrtlii '
.1 I'iKlll llir
the Seu of
this great
■iiij; (if i-oii
iiii|'lit-(l, iiiiil
line of livfi-
t'H til III till'
- Itla.k S-a,
all.
s, of M')iicll
•HIICN', COlll-
aliil iiiiiiif-
of tlif olil
10 Atlaiitii' ;
ir Htates «'f
. from tin-
II, lioriloriiij:
■:ir ; IViitral
all tlif cuii-
tlif soiirres
ilia. iiK'i'liiig
imI Kiiglaiiil,
itM-lt. tliat
htt'Oil aloof
111- worlil.
-i>iii Cciitral
IowiiiiIn the
lurr of A^ia
«liii li I <-iiig
till' ii|i«aitl-
I J'OKMS'ioll),
t>k, aiid l>v
a ]>iiz«>. nor
|iit««l St at lis
Wolllti Ik-
p^xl a |iiir
tlillt llll^ for
katrlu-wiiii,
l.i.k<N liiit
>>r liiiiitiij);
kit a|>|i|i<il
watrr colli
|i(li-\i'l>>]i<'«l ;
\f: ri\ iliwrs,
ili>;<-> with
ir i^iioniiit,
lioor ii> till*
lof all I hi'
t)ir only
|«rt ot till'
thi' Iauh,
l> thi' I'olar
liiiilly an if
Itlii- Vmiiu,
l« lilt ii ri.x)
III- tril'iiti's
ami till'
111 thi-y ilo
Im-< oiKJiirv
Toliiino in thfmwlvps, while tin- ocnintries whidi they I
driiii li;iv<' litll'- or Ilo use for maritime outli'ls. The!
Ainoor, ill fin't is tlio only lii!{hw.iy of iiaturK that '
direi'tly coniifrt.s thr ceiitr.il sti'|i|M'.i of Asia wiili
the ri-st of tin- world. Wliili! Imtli siih-.'i of the '
AiniMir lii'lontji'il to (.'liiii.t, it was li-.ss usi'fiil, a.'< a
rhaiiiu'l of tr.itho, thin any oiio of the ice loi'ki-il
rivcrsi of Silx-ria. Slimilcl n t hnmiiiiity, thcrt'fori',
ri'joice. that rt nt |iililii',il arnii^i'ini'iitH havn ({ivon
one of its li.inks to Kii-isii, ami mi thrown o|ii'n its
mighty Htrt-am to the coiniiuTrf of tin- w..rlil, while
it airorils lo lier-.'if the means of ooii'luetiii'^ ii tnnle
with (.'hiii.'i ami tlie other roimtries of the Kast, mon-
extensive ami more ailvaiilaijecius than any overland
eoinmeree, fiiriiishiie.; not only a ii'eeptaele for vc's.sels,
Imt also materials for Imil liii^ fheni, as well as from
its |iroxiiiiity to the sea of J pan, tiriiiiiin,' h''r evi'ii
xs :i marilinie jiower inti inlliiential oont^iel with huth
her o|iiileiit nei^hlHinrs.
Towards the elosi- of the sixteenth century, and in
the ti|-st i|iiart«'r of the sevi'iiteenlh, a few liainlliils of
Cossjieks were siieeesst'nlly cutting their way from the
Anihiaii ehain to the Ij'iia, there to encounter and
KiilNliie the Tiiii^iisiin hordes, which, hy the most
I'Xti-aordinaiy i-ontrist in the history of tin' worhl,
were, at one and the same time, fallin',' liefnre the
mere oiitjiusts of Kiissia, and liiim|ihng nnder loot the :
ancient dynasty of Cliini. Ity tin; mi Idle of the '.
si'V. nteeiith century the Uiissians hid ailvun'ecl a con- '
sich-ra'dc \v.i\ down liitli s'des of the .\m lor, hiving
the Ricilic I Iceaii. :ts it were, alreiilyiii their view, '
when (Miiiia, liaviie.; aci|iiirel a ne-A- interest to tlie
iiorthwanl, through her iiiv ilnn'ary conneclioii with |
the Tartars, turned her arms towanls the s^une i
i)Uarter. .Vt'iera ;;iMid dej i.f I'mhiin:;, in which the '
Kiissiiiis, iioi u jtlistan liii'.' tlii'ii' inl'eiiorily in nnmlier, '
ahvays dealt the hii'h- I Mows, the Cliiii , piitly hv
trickery, and |iiril\ oAum to tlii-ir heiii^ uiii h ncaier
lo their re^iiiici'<. loicd lli-'ir danijcroii^ encmv, liy
ircaty, to n le iV.iiii the .ViiUKir to th ' line ot' li ■nn larv
terminal iTii; in the .si-a of t>klioNk, in leailv ilie niiih'
|iarillel of lititnde as afterwards divide 1 Kii^,ia t'rom
Kn'.rland, on the i-.'Lstern shore of the I'eili'. The
tii'.ity in niiesti'in was mule in lliS i, soon al'ler the
commencement of the rei:;ii of I'eli'r th ' tJn'.t ; and !
this most aniliitioiiH of the t'/trs was doii'iili'ss the
more n- idy to ratily the dishononr.ilile and disal-
vaiitane 'ii- i'im|iact, inasmuch as .me ,,( its collateral
sti|iiil.iti.in> |iio\ ided I'oiihe o|n'iiii|.,> of a ri'^iilar tia'lis
liy land lietwecii the two ein|iires Tills treaty, that
of Nertschin-sk, sti|iiil.ili' I tor a ri'cijirocal liherlv of
initlickin;; Im'I wi'cii the ltii>-ian^ and the ('liinesi', and
ai rdlii;;ly, individiiiU •<i\ tin ir own accoiinl, and
carivaiis on U'lialf of ilie t i.ivernment. iiM'd to vi-il
I'ekill. Hut— IS li:i.s ha|i|>eiieil at .la|>an lict'ore wil li
the shi|>s' crews, ami will in all prolialuHl v lia|i|>eii
a^piiii -the Muscovites const.intly set so had .in example
iM'foie the si-date iiili iliitaiits of the Iiii|ieiial Citv, in
the way of drinkini; and roysteriiij;. that at'ler exhaust -
ill^ the jiatience ot the t'clestials iluriii',; a period of
thirt/three y.-iirs, they were entirely ih-prived of their
romiiiiTi iai privile-jes in 17:?.'. Ki\e \i'ais afterwards,
coiices-sioiis ,iiid apolii^rics from Kiis^ia olitained in
ITl'H a market ami <'m|i<u'iuiii on the international
frontier, i-ach ii.ition haviiijja citv of iis own wherein
t«i trade the I 'liiiii>sp having Maiiiiatchin ; the Itii.ssians,
K iitchU.
Though at lirst the Huiuiiaus were ilouhtless g.iiiiers
liy the treaty, they soon he;jan to feel that .1 fair »t
Kiaohta, or a factory at I'ekin, were a poor cxchanga
for the only direct channel of commuiiieation with the
I'.ieitic. What has f illowed wiis the natural result Ol
the persistent energy of Itussi.i op'ratiiii{ upon the
inert fecldeness of the Chiiie-^e (Jovernment.
The river Anioor, or Sa.;aliii, presents two widelr
ilistiiiet liydro^ra|ihic,'tl Ii;i8ins ; iinu hchui^ to Mon
Holia, or D.iniia, and the country of the Kalka-s, the
other to Manlcliuria. The two are si'parated hy thr
In chan or K iML:li:in chain of mount lins. The .Mon-
jjoliaii, or ''pper .\ni'Kir, is again fonncil hy two great
triliiitarie.s, tlie Cliilka ami tlio .\r:,'un, the first of
wliiih his its ori;;in from the .southern slopes of tin
Vahlonoi and Stavoimi mountains, and the second from
the groups of mountains first delineated hy Atkiiisiui,
and wlich extend fi''>iii the district of Lake ISaikal
to till- I ireat 1 >eseit of ( iohi or Sliamo. Hence it is,
too, tliiit the .Vi'giin, which has n eouise of .some thou-
siml miles hel'oi'c it unites with the Anioor at I'.st
Strelka, ami waters s<uiie of the tinest pisture lamU
of all .Mon'4 ilia, ha;' tiei'ii handed down from geiieni-
tion to gi'iier.ilion as the holy river of the Mongols,
liotli rivers are nai iu'a'de al"ne their junction, the
(-'liilka up to N'crts lun^k, well known for it.s great
metallurgical works; naturally they are still more .so
after their Junction The .Siingiri, or Maiitchnriaii
lirai;;li of tin Amoor, has its origin from the eastern
and Kouthci'ii slopes of the In-chaiior Kliing han nioiin
tains, and it j li is the Amoor helow the t 'liine.se city of
Sagalin, at .1 pont where the gre.it river takes a more
north easteilv coin's '.
It is ill the forests that slijide the sources of the
.\rguii — -the most distant sources of the Amoor — and
ill the rocks that surround tlicm, that (ienLjhis Khan
was lioiii, and ri'cei\ed tVoiii tie,' gods the mission to
lead his conntrymcn to the eompiesi of the world. No
Kiilkas chief visiis tlese veneialed Inc.ilities without
uttering .soiiii; rintliniii; incaiital ion. It is sjiid that
these iiomades, .seine.; the t.'liiiiese empire falling to
piei'cs as that of l!u~>ia gains in strength, have trans
ferrcd to it an alle^imce which they had previously
wiihlii'ld from the .Mautihu dynasty, yet ruling awhile
on thetln'oiieof I'ekin. It i< iii ue than proli.ilile that
the d lily enuroaclinii nts of the Itussiaiis in .Mantchuria
have much inllueiiced the Kilk is trilies in this resolu-
tion. Till' 111 inner in which these eni'ioichmciits have
lieeii ellc'ted is truly characti'ristic of .Muscovite
|M>licy.
The treaty of N'ertsihinsk, concluded in 17.1-1 lietween
Itusgia and t hin^i, d< sjgnated the Vahloiiois .Moini
tains, which gi\e hirlli to the northern triliutaries to
the .\ini)or, as the iialural trout iers of the two empires.
Hut in ISI."| a Itnssiali tra\eller, .M. Middeiiiloif,
discovered ill the \allcy of one of those streams, and far
away frniii the coast ot' the Valilonoi, a fronliei mark
(.Sir p. 28o) nii-e.l at the ti f s;ii.l tr.ity hy the
Chini'M' commissioners, wlio wi re no douht t^i idle to
convev it to the sumiuit of the luouiitjiins. A note' wan
' 'I"lii' tuiiinilarieji nt* t'liinii :iii.l ItiKiin nrn intir'^cl tty Inffy
»<«iil.ii i«wtn, iTiftiil (111 si. me |Hit('stals (Sre ]\ "JN")), iiiiil Ih'iu-
ill;;, on tin' une si.li'. mi iii«'npti.iM in t'liiiniii., :iii>l en llii> iillii'r,
.nie ill ItiisHiiui. 'I'lie t'liincsi' t.iwiiH an*:il\vii\!i nt Niniin iliHtiuu'o
rr.nii tin'*' fiMiilier marks, iiwimj t.i tlie ji'al.iiisy of her nubjecU
In.liliiii; miy cniiiniiiiiicatinn witli fori'iuinT^. Tin) cniiiiiifiiiiliim
ottii'cr ill, iiliii.).ii itiviiriiilily, a li.iniiliiHl iiMinl.irii), wlio i« nnii-
jhIIoI til live like tin' i> .l.iiurs Ik'iiij Ji'iiie I lj<i.,li iiniiicy i.iiil
If
il
I I
Hi
51
ALL ROUND THE WOULD.
iniiiifilinli'ly miulr ii( tin' fa^'l. llio Iln»i:iii iiiii|is wcri'
riiiTirtrd. ami ^.'ruliiiilly tin' .Mu.vuv ili' |Mi>.-f»iiiii.s
wiTi- fxti'iiilcil 111 the viTV viilli'y 111' the Aiiii«>r
Ninilaii'vsk, ii fiirtr<'M.s, uiis ruimili'il at its inniitli ; ami
U'lii'ii ail I'liviiy I'rniii Trkiii wnil lliillii'i' (<■ iiitiiiiati-
tj> tilt' ISii«M,iii.s, aivoriliiiii t«> till' tiii'imila of tin'
('I'li'Htial l'!iii|iii'i', tliat tiny 11111^1 |mii';;i' tin- soil iit'
tlirir |iri'Sfm-i'. the aii-^wir was. |M'iiilim,' tu tlir liaitt
rii'N aiul til Miiiif sl(Mi|ii lit' war ill tlir ;,'riat river, tliat
that was i|iiltr rliiiii;,'li In liiiiliiiiatisi' ami In i,'ivi' per
liiaiii'liri- til ai'('ii|ii|i|i>lii'il tails.
Ill I X.") I till' l>ii»iaii s,'"Vi'riiiiit'iil i|i's|iati-lii'il a
xoiciititir cxiii'ilitjiiii 111 i\|iliiii' its nrwly ari|iiiri'i|
ti'iriliirii's. .\rriviiii» at Irkutsk in tin' wintn', its
ilitli'i-i'iit iiiriiiliris siarii'il ill till' ailvciit iif s|iriii:; liy
Lake Itaikal ami Kiarlita.' ami criissiiiir iln'mc llii>
licijjlits lit' tlic Sta\ i. tlii'y riMiliril tlw tnwii ut"
I'st - Strrlk i- I'M tlir I'iiilk.i, wliiii' a stiMiurr was
awaiting' tliriii tn I'mixry iIhiii ilnwii llic rivi'r. 'I'lir
ill-tails cif tlirir jmirmy ilniifi' may lir i;i\i'ii in tlir
wnnls iif M. I'iriiiikiii. ;,'inl.i:.'ist ami naturalist In tin'
i'X|K'ilitiiin.
iiKsistanro from lii!« fr'nnils^ Imt ns ilip pout is pMiiTilly iHTiipinl
li_\ .4 iHTMtti wii" )mi lti'.-ti I- tiiiiriniiril i<i .liMlli t'.tr :i L^rr.tt iTiiiii',
111' is lain t" iirii'|it iii- parilori 111! roiiilii'iii III' MTviiii; '''H .Vi'iirs
as I'liii I ol'tlii' irniinl
' Kiui'lii.i anil .M:iiin:ilcliin, nr " lln' riiii t' Tnnlr," utiiiiil
williiii lliri'i' tiiinilri' I varil- •it'iMili uIIut. anil iirr riMrlu'il liv a
iiiiiti* iiliiiii; till- l»;\t'i' >i irii^:a tlirmiuli att-'Ht si\I_\ niil's iil ilrrtrv
M-i 111 rv t'ro.ii .'^I'li'ii^'iii^lva, \\ ihti llir r'a-i liirii> nil' frnin llii* ri\iT,
.iti<l is iMtitiiiai'il "Vrr a 111 p'-ii .mil \\'"> it-.l i-unntrv in tin-
riiitirs«> I'nMttiT. ( 111 ri- ii'liiii.' ivi.irtit.i. liii' liilis ri^' in a r<' 11-
ni.iiiilinhr inarniiT. spri'iiilii;; <> it lu vami'js iliri>i-li<'n'i, .iint Inniiui.;
liiMiilit'iil lint inipniliii'Mvc valli'\s. .\ litlli' iinxik, rilli'l
Kiarlita, faniis tin' Imin-iarv of tin* t ivn niiu'lity cnipiri's, tiri<I
till si'ltli'iiii'iits ari' sitiiitiil as iii'.iriv :is pnssiiiU' in tin' lil'iirl 1
pirallrl III l.iiiliiili', almiil l.allii niili's I'nini l*rl>i:i (li'ii ilavs liir a
» ■■ irirr. liiirlv li'r a i-aravaiii. aii<l alhiiil K'lli' I'mn .Mns-inv.
!:> Ki.ii'lita iMily trailiTs iii.i_\ rr%hli' , in .M.iini.iti'tiiii tin' I'linir'H'
Ml 1« aii'i t'l-.i^l straii^iT-- ,iii<t rririni^. Kiarlit.i cunltiii'* larji*
li n-^'s aii'l >l Trs. .M.iiiiiali'iiin lia-* f'lir n.irn>\v stri'rts. wtn
,1 Hxlt'D li"ii-i's, iiHitiiiiiiiii:. iliiriri); till' lair, Iniai 1..'>(HI In J.n.ni
|iirsiiin. Till' stns'Is arr I'li'an. In tin- v nlri' nf all U a pa^inl 1,
nr iilisiTvaliirv. nl' tlini' stnrii's. Mir linnsi' nf lln' Saiik'n'rlia,
nr flnprriiitriiilant, is iif sunn' pri'tt'iision*, « itii a I'liiirt-yaril Init
is .'iil\ 't'liiii' »l 'ri'v ; lliiTc is 1 sni ill ti'^npli' "I'l''" ami .1 r 'iitl nf
jusli.i-, a lt't!» tlnatrr, ami 'lu'iiall tin' piiMir linililin.-s :iii'
l"M. 'I 111' w.iiltliirr ini'ii' lants li.ui' larci' h"'isi"., tastrt'iilly
itrc'irali' I. 'I'i'a is rraiit at all tniii'-. ami ilintur niTi' olti'ii tli.iri
V'lll IMII rat it. Kri'i* p.is- !,:•' In-twi'i'll I'arll tnwil IS allii^M'il
Ix'twii'ti siinoft anil siiiirisr. Krnin tins inarki-t liiissi.i laki'S
i;.iiiiii,iiiiii nl'p .iiii'U "f li'a aiiJ :iilii,iiiiillli< nf rliiiiiiirli, uitli siks
• •; \.iri'iiis kimU, \\ hill' till' ('liiiir'ti' i-iT'ivi' in rxi-iian^i' tnr-, ainl
Mi-'lU'ti*, meals. If'atlii'r, lini'ii-. ami rnltuns, writiti.,' pi|M'r, :iiiil
arlii-lis iil'iT-H kify 'I'litTi' is ;iU I ;i iiiiii'ir I'icliaii;.'!' nr r< tail iif
^'i-aiii ami pr'<\ i-iii^.s. liii^si.i s,'|l> i,|* In r ii\i 11 tiat t\ ■- prisliii'i' in tlii<
pr'|Hirli.iii i)f siMi'i-iit I 111 rl_v-t .vii III' fnri'U'ii i;in«1i, 1 Ih' (rraiiil
si-as"n I'.ir Im-iui'ss is tlu' uintiT, Uvitiniii.'. liy riijiits, alinin tlu'
I i*t ui'rk 111 , I anil. I ry. .Mucin it' tlir ri.irsi- lirirk ti'a isran ii'il li\ tin*
Kiissiuiis In Nijiii .Niivl'iT'nI. :ii il tinii ill spalilii'il li tlif prn-
\niri' n| ,\»:nikliiiii t'nr tin' iisr n| tlic K.il iiiiiks. Tin' t'X|Kirtii
anil iiiip.rls n| Ki.nlit.i a,.' xainnl at f:i,iHKi,i| m.
- I ■.! Mr. Ua •! mils ilihM' tn ' li.sjiini I inn nl tin' ih.i riviTs, tin'
' "Iiilka nr lliiitka, .Hill till' .\r,:iin. wlnrli niiili'il, at'ti-r .i I'niirsi- nl'
T'lii null's in tin' rn«t,.iml l.nnil mill's in ll.i' l.iili r, I'mm ilir
.\uh"ir. Till' I'Timr MVi r n iiiM- Irniitlic ^ aliin 1 li, lalliil liy
\1. I'irnM'liin tlip .*staviiniii mniintiiins, lU'voril sitraniH in wliirli
^•■lil is Iniiml. Hitniiii'ii als'iisolitaiiii'il trnin Hnnirr.iiiTiissittiiiti'
I'll Its lianks. Kmm ItiHit |,i Is.M, sais .Mr Atkinsnn, tin'
jiinrtinn nl tin' Ar^run ami (liilka uastli,' imist I'iKlirly imiiit iil'
till' U>i-,siiii I'lnpiri- in tin' ri'iiimi nl' tin' .\i r. Km iliirin^ all
llli-* (HTin'i nt lli.'t \rars, tlir |rn1itii-r I *n^*urks « iTC l-nllSl .lilt ly
)M'iii'tr,itin^' ihtn till- rniintry nil till' )ianl,s "t'tlitt .\miNir, ainliiianx
W li.i sInlil'K li;H,- l„,.!i |i;lt|.|.l| il -VV 11 n|' t 111' I -nlll 1'j.t H t 1 ll'sl' lianil
niitiTcrs li 111 .\ III til, Manti-lin ran' ; !• siili-s ^s Inrli, tn.inv r>'nvu-tn
li iM' esi-api li tr '111 llu- niiiKs, aii'l lU'iciii'lnl tin' .Vii.iiiir, mil) tu j
Li'avini» I'st Stri'Ik.i mi tlic .W||, ,,f May, wr iiiot
nil till- li'ft liaiik a tril f Orntsrlns, a linim-li nf tin-
nfi'at, family nf'l'tinnnsi's. 'I'lirsi' |ii'ii|)l(« arc trilnitiiry
In l{ii.s.-,ia, ami sn tiriii arr tlicy in tlnir allr^ami', that
<liiriii|{ thr ri'iitiiry ami a halt' wliirli i'la|i.si-il liitwiM'ii
till' tri'.'ity nf 111'**!*, whirh tnnk ♦.hrsi' ri'^'iniis fmiii
liiissia, aiitl that nf I .^ 1 1' which ri'stnri'il tlnni, iIh'si-
1h' i':iplnri'il liy tlic p.-nplc nn itii liiiiikn. Aw oilc I'M-^ipcil lliis
«iiy, mill Kiici'i'iilcil in passing' all tin' ('liiiicsi' pnnis in a cams' nr
small linat, liy kccpinj; In tlic tmiili siilc iit'llii> riwr. Ilclivcil nn
tin- priKliiic nl' III* rillc, •'iiiliirini,' frcal lianlsliip-, anil lliially
ri'aclii'il till' inniilli nf tin' AniiKir in tin- lin|H' nf j-cttini; away in
smic vi's-il. in lliis III' was ilisii|i|ininti'il, iiml after nil cliaiii'c nf
I'scajH' hail \aiii<licil. starlcii mi liis rctnrii. lie Icll in with »
p.ii'ty nf rnnifiisi' x.ililc-liunlcin, iiml spent tliii liiintintr M'asnii
»illi lliciii : al'lir » hicli llicy I'rnssiil tlio isiiintry tnvvarils tlic
iip|H'rpiiil nf till' .Sya, atiil iiltiiiiiiti ly liinii^'lit liiiii In m f t|i|i
lairs at ti'iiili'il liy llic ('iis»ai'ks. lie was rn-nt'iiiscil In hi^ eniiii'
tryiiieii, ami carncil back tn tliti mines nf Ncrlm'lnii^k, alter an
ali>ciici' nf iiinre iImiii ci^lilecn liiniillis. Tlie infnrinilinn wliicli
lie Iciil acipiireil was ciiii>i(lercil of sn iniicli viiliic. III. it tin- I'liief
;.''>t his sentence rctiiittnl nii (.'niiililinn nt liis taking aiintlicr
j'liirney In ^ain mnre ktiiiwlcili:i' nf tlic ncion. At the m-iismi fif
the yaniiak, lie was pniviilnl with |siw-ili'r, leiiil, atiit a few ntlier
iiecessiiries, ami aecnnipaiiicit w itli Cnssiieks tntlie tair, in lliclin)H'
nt niietiiiu' his (ilil (-ninpitiiinns, the 'run^iisc. liny wen- thtTO,
ili-lii;liii-il Id m'C him, iiiiil he, having Is'cii prnvnliil with a packet
'.f|inwilir t'nr every man, was iipiin ailniitteil a^ a limther, ami
iiiviliil In ai'cniiipaii\ tlii-m to limit the silile. At the emi nt three
il lys, the fair hrnke up, when lie saiil)»i»Nlliyc tn his csniiilrynien.
anil slarteil w it h tin- 'iiiti^nsi? on liis hniiicwatil jniinicy. I'liistimc
he aeipiireil a kll-iwleil^eo! the unlit hern siile nl the Valiliilli)i ralltfc,
iiiiil iliscnvi-reil a slmrt rniitc tn the salile-hntitiii^ ^miiml fardnwit
tniviinlo the imiiith nf the .\niiinr. lla\iiii: s|h'iiI aiintliir m'.isnii
salile liiiiilin;;, he ret iiriieil with his cnmpiiiiiniis in the fair, aii-l
tiii'ii In till- /avist. liiin;:iii;; much viiliiali e nifnrmatinii alMiiit the
ilitVereiit pi-nplc ilwelhii.' nn the hunks nf li.e .\niiMir, ami siiii]N-m'il
np a mail into a vahialile Inr prislnciii;.- cnniiliy. I'his e«ih' wa?
"•nt a tliiril time, with iiijiinctiniis tn)K'mtrale iiitn the re^'inii on
till' siiiiih "iile III the AiiiiNir, i luring tlic pahlc hiiniiii;: se.isnii, ami
reliini in lime ti aecninpaiiy the 'Innniisi' to the lair. .Many
h'irsi'im-n arriM-il, lint he w.-is iint witli tliim. iinr was he ever
lieanl nf altiTwaril-. Afterwanta w Viral cnnvicls isi-ii|h-i1 ilnwa
the rivi-r, hut nn nne reliirnetl In teli his slory, ami it is suppnwsl
that ihcy were killeil.
lu INIH it was (1< ciilcil tn cxplnre the .\miMir, when an ntficer,
Willi I'niir Cnssicks. were wnl in the spring; of that xcar mi an
e\T eilitinii itim-ti the river in a Is'iit , tlu-y ueic .iiincil iiml pro-
visiniii-,1, ami it WHS lin{H'il tliat ti>is >m.ill pnrty lui^ht Ik' |M-r-
iiiiittil In pass iiiinMilc>Iiil. He iiUn carrieil iiistrnnii-iits fnr
liiaklll;; liijM-rv.ltintis. a te.e^cnpc. 111 il a ipianlilv nl' ^nlll coin.
It H.is well kminii that ^riat a'al"n«> i \i-ti il aiimii;: iheChim-*'
an: linrilii-", lliat theyill'iavK cnileavnnri-il In sinp iheCns^acks
piirsiiiiii; );anii' iiitn their territnry, ami it was niilv the iln-ai
nf tiieii ileailly titles that eiialilcil Ilii-m to CM'ape I'roui stiiierior
tiiimhirs. I he niHi-er was itisimcli-il tn iivnnl rninin^ in emitaet
Willi the aiitlinrilii-s, if ims^ilih- ; tn exaitiiiie their towns ami
vilhi^i " frmii a tlista'iee, hut ii<>t In enter them, lie wasilesircil
tn innciiale the is'iiple mi cvnv npp -i luiiity. ami he i-nrieil
varinus jirtieles for preMiiI>. It \i:is c\|H'rieil that the party
wniilil aeeniiiplish the nl.ieet, if |s-riiiiltiil. in alniit nine mniiths,
ami, if siiippeil, that 'In-y wniilii spmiily return, 'lime pa>wsi
nn ; nine niniiths hail ciiipseil. hut thirenerc ti" liilini.'s n| the
nllieer ami Ins men. Iliirinij the winter the Cnssneks iinpiirisl
nl all the (Itiitclius whn atlciiileil the fiirs, il iIii-m' nn n hail Us-n
Ms'ii, I'tit tin oi mill irivc aii\ tiiliii^s alHxit theni. the I tin-
i:iiM' s:ih1e hunters wile pmnii-eil a rewaril if tiny wniihl Iiml
tlii-ni, nr learn if Ihe\ wire itctaineil l<y tin Cliiin'^i'; Imt all
ill'nrls prnM-il fruillis.. Ill IS.'ili an applieitinii was imnh' liy
the linveruor nf Kiiielit.i In the ('liim-«e ti..\cini.r 111 Oiirya,
slatiiiiT that an nllici r ami fmir im-ii hail ile». rlnl, i-arruii);
away with thrill a l.ir^'e >iini in ^^-lil, ami sever. il instrunieiils;
tlnil they lia.l ilesei mleil the .Vlin nr, ami it was Is-lievisl they
h.iil Isi'ii iiiptiirisl liy the t'lilni'i.e nlliccrs, ami were ilclaiiieil in
onaof Umtuwua, If lo, the liuuisnUuverniueiitiluirad that Um;
.shmilil In- ilelivercil up, eitin r at K iiuhta, or any of the liirt* on
tin- I nhin-r. lliis pnslneeil mi result, nor have they ever been
liearil •■(. At last tin- (Imeninr lieiieral of ."^ilsri 1 iletorniini-il
In I iplnre the Aiiinor, ami in IN.'ifr ii ^rcal cutieililinn wa«
nrcanmi'il hy him tnr that nhjivt. It was mi sueli u ne.ih- that
UP AND DUWN TIIK AMOdR.
2fl(l
giiiiil |iO()|il(' liav(> iii'Vfr once fiilcil f iMi'siiiit; ,m!» tliiir | 'I'lii' IMI of Alli:i.>.iti |Mit an niil ti> tlio r\|ii'<litiioia
iiiiinuil Iriliiilc nf I'lii-.s ti> llir <jn:it While K i,.iii iit'tlii' wliicli tli>'-i' liiinly |iiiin(MT>i ol' Itiixsiaii |ui\vi'r wiTu
\Vr>t. I''iiillii'r oil we liii't witli 'rilii;,'ii-.is in IjcimI.s liiiikiuL; on lliin liii.'li\vay to llu- Ka>lrih Oirali, ami tlio
inailr of till' liaik of liirrli. 'I'liry lx'li>in,'i'il In tin- tiil.i' lanijiarts of (lir rorlii'SH ln'ur to tin' [.ii'Miit liay I'vi-
of .Mauri, ami lliry)iay, it ajipiars, a >iiiall ini|i"^l to ilinrrs of liow lii'irc llir stniu'ul'" was. 'I'lo- liaiiiUiilof
till' Clniirsi'. \\ r j,MM' tliiin MiiM'' liiancly,un'l ^muh' In inrs, let iiriiiiif^ into l'.nin|ir, wiii' inl iiiiiiicnl to tin'
Miiall iiniaiiniits. t Mn' of tliiiii I'liiijij s|ii'ak itii^'-ian, l'an|>ri'i>i'. ulm, t>> il'i lionoiirto tlnir n in ai;i', I'lii'iilinj
t'liilirs)', ami Manti Ini, l.ivsiili-i liis o« n laiiLiiiau''' llnin a ni» tin' ( 'n^sack lioily ^'iianl. an ln'm<iii wliiili
'I'liat ilay «i' tr.iv I'lliil I .'tit minIs,! ami on iIm' 1st of lia^ l.r.n i r in~inll li'.l t" tluir iliMiinlant -. wlioroiisli
•luiic «i' alii\i''l at tlic |ila.i' wlii'M- Was fur ijv ,\\ tnl<' In tin' |iii'^i|it ilay tin' riyiiin nl of .\ ILa^iii-kls.
Iiasin,' till' iliii f |il 111' nf tin' ('.issaik r-lalili^liiinnts .\ lilllo lii'\nml tlii> niimil -ih' tlic l'!miiii. or
foiiinlril in ol.liii tinns al'Pii',' tin' Kaiiks nf tin- riMi-. A|li;i>ii|ia, t'iii|.ii' s jt-ilf iiilo tin" An r fn in t In' ri^lit.
Altarki'l at tliis statimi, in tin' linn' nf tlic Kni|ii mr I'l Inii' ai'i'i\ in',' at ili.' Jun. I imi «>■ ii r. ;;niM il, ii|ioii nil
Kalii lii, I'V all anny nf ii.-.iily loii.iiiiil I 'jiihi-i' ( f i, i-|,iml, ^iIh.iiI i.n \ , r-i - in liiiulli, tin' tiacrs of tin-
I'Vi'li tlii'll tin' laltif ini-lil [i.^silily linl liaM' >m-ii('ilri| jiallnii-^ lai-i'il liv llio Miiilrlni I liim i' f m <■ ii| "ii tin
ill ilrivim; I In '111 li'oin tin ir .-i r. ih'.'Im.IcI. Im i ii n^t Ipi-im im -i..n ol tin- sii'i.'t'.
for till' si'ii'iitilir iiiil yiMli to til. (ilintials liy llir .\ i tliis |ioiiit tlm I'liaraiti r nt tin' \ i';;d il ii.n iiiMlrr-
Ji'siiil iiiissioiiarii's at lliat timu at I'lkili. Wcia a ;,'ri'al cliam,'!'. 'I'ln- lar. Ii i- ^u,, i'. .1. .1 l.\ i>:ikii
flOHTIll rOST BEIWUN CHIN* AND RUSSIA.
ami liir.li. ami in -iM-lifi-.''! ^pnts tin- rliii nml a-li L,'in\v 'I'ln' M.ma^iii.nis li.i.l a \'> w luii- in tin- m i-lil'' ml i|.
iVi'i'ly, Willi an uml<ri'n i r "f wiM rn.-i-s nml nut. irii-s, ami tiny ?-iiu iis i,'n \r\ in nil' r imiliri'iii , alllinn:;li
iilnl on till' liaiiks 111' til ■ 1 ivi'r w illnw ^ all iiialiili'st ini; limy rmiM m\'r lii\'- sriii a .■-li-.iiiilii.,il ti.wiiii; a
all inijiMiMil I'liin.ili'. allli"ii'.;li tin- ^iiialliT |>lantd ^l ill lininln'r nf ni In'i' l"<,|,. I'!\i'ii tin- liaml of Inn.'-ii' ilhl
li'iri- tlii'sral .if till' I la nnaii llnr.i ma ili^liiili tlniii li'iii tin ir oriiipai imis.
till* I'liiiii'si' I'lMi'.il iiriiliiT rlit-rk Ms prifj'.'i'*-;, thir in-i-xriil his
taking poSM'^'t^iiii lit' llir nMi-;|i liaitk i>l tin' riirr, |iili"«i tlKin
six «iskit till' ni.iili' III' this \a»l I'l'uiiiii, iiii'liuliii; I In' i' iiiilry
Ix't VI .'I'll till' .\ii:iKir mill llir Kuoiaii triiiitirr In lln' iiurlli nl' tliu
Valil'iiiiii 111. Hint. liiis, li.nl tlianp'il iiii«''i>; il li:ii| iimv filli'ii
liilii hIiiii1:.'i' liiinl-, iiml, U't'nti' tlir I'nl nl tin' Mar, tin' nit ni
l'liiiii'S4' ariiiv ulil ii it lia>.' iI-IkI.'i,! ihr «iii.il. Imilv nl" I 'n-.ai'kn
Jll.ll'I'll ill |)n«iliii|l, til'IIITll M'lllr.ix il It' li.lil M'i/.i-il nil r\l'r\ |iiiillt
luH'i'sKary I'nr tin* sit'iir l_v iit" las |>n«itiiiit.
' I hr ViT-l is ii|ll,ll til 1 lliti'i .\:inl», ■ T llUilll llllli' i|i|Urli'rs nl
,111 l'!li„'li^ll Illilr.
- Vlli.i.iiii slaiiils nil till' !.ili' ill' all aiii'ii'iit ■fiiiii;ii»i' Invm. ami
ilrrivi-ii ils iiaiiii' trniii .\.lia.*a, ii t>.i-iiiiaii |iritii'r, wli'i livi'il tiii-ri'.
Srvi lal lltli lll]'l> tti'fr lllailr 111 iK'llrl rail' illln till' ri'irinii U'Vnlnl
till' Valiliisi liv llii-si' |iiniii'i i'«, till' liiniii'is tniil fn^Murks, iiitil
M'ini' 111 lliiiii lull) riMi'lnil till' .Vniimr, ami ntlii'rH tin' ii|i|ii'r
lir.inrlii'« I'l'tiii* >r\a. li.irli |)ai'ly tniiinl an llllllll^t iiirxlinuitililo
siini'lv III' aiiiiiials, -iii li a» »i rw valiialilr I'nr lliiir t'lir, an wi'll «»
m
I
m
286
AM, ROUND THK WdlU.D.
On t)ii> ith iif .Tilly wp p.tHMc'il Hcvfi'iil i^lllllllM rnvcrt'd
with |i<>|>l ii'i, utii. iiii'l williiwH. At I'i^'lit u'llcick in
tlio fvcniiij; wi- liiii\li;lit. In (('iiiioiisly ciiinijrh, llir
Fll'lll'tl I'l'll'irtiT ^I_V■^ \i'll/l sfii/t/ulilh ■<), nil tile Irll lialllt.
at iiiii- 111' till- |ir<'nii>'tt plin'i's «fli;ii| yet m. i wiili. 'I'ln-
Hivfi-H Tdim ;iii>I Aui{iii Mii'iipiiiiii ;i rich. ii|MMi valley ,
n iVvv .Miiii.i:{ri lilt NMiiiili'i'i'ij nil thi'ir liiiikn, \Nlirri-
hi'iili* of licir-,r< |ii.niui'i>i|, iiiiiiiii;; whii'li «r ii'inarkfcl
Ni'viTil iii.i^iiill'i'iit uliili' v<ti'iils ; ilio »hc>!i'i>|' till' l.iiiil
tint «•!• |>ii-w.'i| ill. It il.iy. iinlri'ii, wii.M |iii.stiiri', ami
aili|iliii I'lir I'liiliviiini ; llii- valicy-i, wliirli cxtrinl ii|i-
«■ III U iVi 1111 ihi' I'liik-". an- Miiiiiiiinlrd l^y liilli. uliirli
rise liki' .111 aiii|>liillir ati'i', mill » liiili, in !<oiiii' iiist iiiri"<,
L'Oliii- il'ivvii III llii'iivrrH lii'il, wlii'ic tiny In iiiiiiati' in
alini|.t ilills lit' iitlli- liriiiht.
I'iiity yiT<(s 1.1 \ Mill I In-, at llif iiioiiih nf ihc lis.^ir
(>li'ili, II rl III iT .M.«iia:.'i'i.iii- iiilial>i(i'i| si'Vi'ii ilil)'<'H'iit
villagi's, li'it far I'i'iiiiivi'il |i mi mn' atintlii'i'. Our i>l'
tllfSO llll|ll.'lllr.« I'i'l.lll'll II I'lll'lilllS ll :;i'I|i| til us ill I'llll
iii'otiiiii with n hill of Kaitil c.illi'il ZaiiaJMn. which risen
ii|i out iif II kiml of Imy in tin- riviT. iirar if'< h-ll Imnk
and wliiili 111' ii««'rtrd ti> ^iid Initli >iiiiiki' wlniKtir
,1 man went iieur it, Init tn eia.s<> in iln so v« lien In
ttt'iit iiwiiy. 'lilt' dwi'llers nii this par! if tin- ii\er.
ulinare III "rungiisc nrigiii, areiill |j;iveii in.shainuMi.'-iii,
and have u threat Miifratinli Inr thia iiiinieuhiiiM lull,
wliii'ii they aioiert In do tenanted I'y an evil >|iil'it.
riii> liill i-i naid till" .-onif thirty ver>ls in i'\tenl.liiit
lliit liiiiijj alile In ( \ iiiiini' it elnw'ly, v*e .'•ii|>|H'~<'d til:. I
llie Mimki' ulilill it exhaled ealiie I'niiii the i ' i. lillMimi
III' Milne ( .i.d-lieils. Ill ihat it i nlilailied lavilnM .sileli ii.i
arc verv I'niniiinn in ihe liiiie..<tniie iiiniinla:iiitii| Ki-tcni
Sjlieria, and that whin the exlcrii.il air IM enld, the
wanner liir nl' llie iiiterinr e>ea|i€S in the .--haJM; iil
va|iiiiii°.M. (This e\|ilaiiatinn iH imt \ery eieditalilu tn
.M. I'innikiii, ai .i |i|uti .s...ed (^enlnjji.st. Fil>t, VMI.s it
re.illy a hill nt' nuhI thirty Mi-st.s in extent I If .stfiid,
it cmild neither mntaili lieds III' enal nr liliiestnln
iliverii.n. .Miiiht nut the I'nriliat lull and |ihe!iiiiiieiiii lie
like thu.st! ul' iiikii and Kit'kuk iii liuliylouiu, vtlu-rc
TAHKUTS ON A JOURNEY.
ctieiuie.il ,101 inns whiehmv In lie ili-l liii,'iii.,|i,.d llnlii li.i|.litli.i .ilid Nuliiluiieted hvdrn-e», ILS al.M. to llaiie*
vnleaiiio j.h^nomeim, give Mrlli l.. Imt .sj.iii,;,.., with and vaiimirl)
Millie |.r.|..r l"..r I-...I. Ii «;i. n.il. l,..«iv.i- lill !!„• vnir Hil:i,
Hint a paiiv el t ..„K l.iiiili r» en .m.! 1; •■ \.,l,l„.i, rnirlie.! il,.-
Aiii «r. mill (l.M^ii.leil tu till- Mil. ,\l1iT fliiir mioi »». hIiiI tli«
r, |nrl.il «,ul!li..| llio n-tMiii, it Himl.ri.l.,! tl.iit a wit em. lit
► Il mill U' iii.i.l.' nil til., .\iiiiii.r. Ill till- M.ir jii.'iii, l\li:il.,ri.ir«ii«
il .|.«tili..l ti'ia \ ikii!-k, uilli a l.ily i.f <■"... k.. f. Mleet a
I'"'"'" 'Il" A <•, mill ("ilily tliiiii'«iln.. ill il. .\|i,r i. iliHi-
C'lll iiunli ill. Ml H.irri..rii re;iil,.ii ti..- riM-r; iiu.l, jinn^; iiiu.li. n
rir.riil i«i;iiiii..iiii..ii i.f .iviTil l....ililii<, .Mill, n ».,, ■ li. mm ,i,
:.ll'riliii;< iii...t ,,(• ili.i r..|ii ...i.« f.r mi.1i mi .•Hi.,l,li.|,i,,. m «,,<!,
« iir, mill i: ...i (...inr. ^.
111 l.'ii'.l t .i. t- rl w.n .Mii,|,:ii,..|_ iiiMJ ii< |,...iti,„i (• intnhii.liil
:i;l tlie iili|.n..i.UeH. A liiitii. |..lu l««lv i.f I ten t'..ii.ini.| tli.'
('•'••ai-k<, uii.l i....li up tl.iir |.liii'i'iif.il..il,. il„i-,.. II.ikiI..- |,,nii
•iminir tip ripi.l y, iiii.l l,l„r.. tlie liunlai..; mii>i>ii. Milliii.iil
il.t.ll.iif« «.r.. 11.-. I..I III ^ll,lt,■p i,i: ||„. iiiliiil.itniiN. 'I hi, ii.lili.
1; "ii.il r..r.-i. iiCm. ll-iirmeil im a r.ml.r.il tlnip p.sl (|iiii.. wciire,
mi I II . UkIv ..f ri,iii,.«, ir.i.,|., n,., ,| ,li.|,,.|_.,. Il Wli.ii the
liiititii...' M'ti^Mi nil,,.. i-.,ii,i,l, tliiwiii. iiil.i.i rs. il ill. V. i\ ilirnli..ii,
I" I'l-'t niinriiiihiriiiil.iiiiil.iiiii., ( Irnii'liim i.rl 'r..t<-li...,M,itniiru".
»'"' •""I Urtril...* hIi.i |i\.. l,v ih,. |,r...liir.. i.f ii„ir (,,r.«ir
i!<'fii..-.| tlui ua iiitrmiuii uu tlair d.juiuiiis. Uul ilii- < ■,„,.h it
ml liuiit.'ri l«.k.-.l iip.n the territ„ry iw tli.ir i«ii, ai.l «l.iri'.
I v..|-..a'al)le< .-.nil I Iki eli. ,ii„ .|, Ih.r. ili,.y f..l|.,»»,,l thi-ir pursuit.
.\h !ii.' aiiiiiiiN II. . enu l.„ iiiiiaeniin in lli.- t^re*!, ar.iin.l, lliev
'" I'l'"' 'III' ■V'lii.ir iiikI ilrive Hi., natiten Irmi tlieir liuiriii];
,'r.iiiii.U, itl'T ini II nrllii,. .I'lH.r i|. pnililiniH. V,..r iitt.ry.ir
[<■'"•*•' ' iliiii-i'-*'.! In.' |N-.p|,., ,iii.| ,,ih.r< III" a w.ir-.' .uai.iit.r
j *iii,' t li..ri'.'<.'iiKi trial the |,ijiii«i i,t «liieli a«a:li..| tli.iii at
."•iIki- .1. r iin .1 iiiiiiili,.r iif til ill,, ail. I .l.-iiKTat.. eha ait.Ti w.'r..
I'v.T r.i.ly f.r i,ii„hi..r; „„1 wi,.-,, tli.' hiiiil I, li.,| ii„ ,„, they ili.l
ii.il li.'<it.ii,. 1.1 ii.pr.ijiriit,. am- pr.i|i.rtv at h,,„.|. \, hii -th' th.v
In.,-.i-iii' iniiv . I, rill..,,. I 1,1,. .\ii..r. pilU-...| th.. lill.,".,., am'l
•'•' ""• ''I' ••• iiii'li.rili... It ,l.ti>ii,v, Kiiii tra.i.M-. wr.-
lr.'.|iieiitU iiiili- liy ilii. Chill.*., lint »ithiMil aii« avail; af|.| Kieli
year, a< llii. liiat.T-. Iia I t.i pnneinl Inrtli.'r t.,' .. .| ,i,i il„ ir aiii-
iiiaU, t'l.ir l,l.,„rl.,.a>ii.. ,„.,re .--v.-r.-. Kv.a In ;..n.at .•terli-m
llley <nil.| ll.l .il.viy^ iililall a Blltliiieiit «iipplt t.,.,ilisfv their
rapai-ity \Vh..ii thiH liap|i.ii,-,l. a lar.'e li.i.lv *-..;ir.,l tin- .Mmnirv
mil pi :ii.lr,.,l euTV IriU- . ii Ih.ir nnit.-. 11,,.,.. pr.,..,Miii.'iJ
Miise.l all til.' ir.. .,f the IV;..' ,U aii.l ia Hi.".; an annv li. n the
( '.111 nil Fl ..very I. mil nit I .%ii L-I.ire A!Ki,iii, aii.l 'i.nniiiii.ii.^1
till- ^.'irriv.ii t.i ^.lrrl•!l.ler the |..rl. uml L-ave tin- i^eintrv, tHkae'
tlicir aniK aii.l pminTty, T» tliU they aeiit a ilefiaii. .• ; ui..l the
UP AND DOWN
Lower "liiwn, tlie \Hiiikii of tho rin-r lM'f»in to prem'iit
nrw t'ciitiiii'M. 'I'lir larnr vulli'\.s tlial liii^' llii' liuiiknof
till' livi'i- liciMiiiic still iiiiirc I'xti'iisix.- ; till' nii'ky
niollllt^lilis iri'OW llllll'l' :il|l| lllol'l' llisl^lMl . lll<> llll'ltljllVVM
liri' rjntlli'd Willi rirll liVUHH ; tlli' isliiUiU illiTrlIsc in
liiiiiilMr, till' liviT (lows nipiilly tow.nils tin' smitli,
t'onililH{SIU'il l;l|ihl Clirvi's In tlll' I'lisl .IImI VVrst, (li:lt il
i«)i]iriiis soliirliiiii's as it' "in' wiis aliiin^t i.'i.iii^' Iml;
njfaili ; «!• |iassiil liy fXlciisivi' jilaiiis aii<l low isjimls ;
ovfivwliiTi' |iii]iliii>, a-li ali'l will apples {/'i/ni.i K/irr
<./A(7c(), iilti'iiiatr «iili sliriiMiirv ol nil Jiraiinil rliirr
mill willows. A sinill kiml ol' oak ){iiiws on tlir
iiioiiiilaiiis l)_v llii' ^iilr of till' lilai'k Mrcli I'iiii' tri'cs
mill laivlics liiroliir lanr 'I'ln' lin'iiiiows uit rovi'ml
with rirll lu'rliM^ir. Niniii'rous In ids of ciittK iilil
I"- rrari'il ill llirsr lini' plains, luit ill pri'sciit tlii'ii- i^
liolliiiiL; liviiiy in tin sr solitinlrs .siivr tlic powirliil
ai'tivitv iiiipi'i'.ssi'd by iiiitiirc on Vi-^^ct ilioii.
THE AMooR. str
Kliali'iiiili; the lii'st Itil.ssiaii ponqiicrnr in tliwe
ri'i{ioiis, loiinili'il a niililaiv post, wlini' the .\iiioor
I'l'ri'ivrs till' K iiii.ira. in lll.*i|. Aliaiidonrd at tliu
sa'lli' liinr as All«a>iM. il lias Imiii lal'ly I'l-istalilislud ;
we saw two ; inli Kaik iiinoos in a iii'i'k, Iml no living
prr-^on.
St'vi'iity six Misis lu'low this, iIhi',. is aiiollnr military
post nil till' |i It liaiik lit' till' Aiii'ior, consist in n of lliroo
ti'iit^. Iiiiilt III' wiMid, and lliiti'licd with riislii's, and a
liltli' ill advanri' ol' tlii".i i~ a tiiiiplr lotistiiii'li'd of
Iniiiks of tri'i's, and wliicli. ai'iordiiiLj to tlir siiidoijist
Sytsclic'wsk i, who at'ioinpaiiii'd llii' rxpi'dilioii. wiw
drdiiaird to tin' i;od of war l.iil'i,'r iimiiisi' liiinnTS,
lixi'ij in llic soil, siiioki'd in Iront of ihi^ nidc trniplo,
noi\ii'r to till' riMi'.
< liii' liiindi'i'd and si'M'iili'rii vi-rslM tu'Vond tlii.s, on tlin
liulil liaiik of till' .Viiiniir, Iwriity llirw lioiisi'S lit'iiiK
■I I'liisidi'ialili' nninliiT for tjii'sc ri';;iolis — roinposi- tlio
I 'liiiiim" ((I'lii-ral i'"iniii<'mH'il 0])<i'iiiImiis 1p\ rr rtiiiu' liiilti'rii'a oi
111 i»':iiiil fMiilliij; Af iisMi. 'I'lm ruins nt ilam' «or|,,s i,iil;
DxisI, nnillli' y iii't'"f (' ii'iili ralili' iitiiit. 1 1 is iniillio t" iilti'iii|ii
my il. -iiiiilinii of till' SI. p', nr |u ri'i'i'iit tlir tniililinii- Hat liiiM-
hvi'll liallilril ll'UII, mil wllirll IIKiy In' -till |ii:inl will II
sllliii',' riiiiinl II Cn. sMik ciiiiili till'. It is I'lily i;i'ii-.Miry Id »ii\
111 it till' sii-ji' li»liil till lull' ill Hii'iS, marly iiMiyiMi., tn prnM'
tint tlii> ili'li'iii'i' WHS iiili'li'i'iiiiiiiilniir, anil lliut winit i.f iirnvisimi-.
iiliiiic i'iiiii|ii'lli''l tliL' ('ii»«ai'l«> til mirrciKli r. 'Iliry niarclnil nut,
liiivvi'vcr, with tlu'ir (inns, anil rituriu'il iiil" S,U-riii, tlit- ('liiin-*i
iiniiy iilti'iaVni'/ tln'in iicrnss tin' frniitii-r; inu) Alliasin was
ili'str.iyiil. .All till' iirisiiniTs taki'ii (luring tlir sir^'i' wiit si'iit
III l*i'kii;, anil lu-iir" in iil^rr yrars lJn>^^:.i i>ti{>iilali il In si'inl ii
iiii-i^i'iii III L'ivi* spirittial iii'tnii'ti'iii tn IIi' ('"'sacks ol' Alli.i-.in.
Till' valiiiKli' tiirs tliaf «crr nlitaini'il in llils ri-L'iiai, ami wrri'
(■iinstaiitiv lii'inu' liartrr iliit llir iliiriTriit yi riii il ii'ii tin' I'l' ntirr,
wrri'too ti'iti|itiiiL; III many nl' till- witil ii)iirit-> w I < I al liri n ilriM'ii
nut. In lliii.'i. a liiiiiilur nt liaiili'i's ili'si'i'hili i| tin' Anm t tn
Alliasiii, ami sniiii' ol' tln-n ri'slnnil lliiir nlil liali tatinn-. I liis
tiiiio tliey wiro iiinro iiruiK'iit, HVuiiUii); tlio huutiii); gruumln fru-
<|ni'iiMl liy till' nativi's; ami tini^ 'lay «■!■' lift 'ii pi'iis'. In
lilTo. Ifil.ilii' Tilii riii.'ii.i-l,\ 111-j.Mnisi'il a »iii.ill li i ly nt nuai at
Krrriiska, ami ili-crmlril t lii' .\iiii"ir. I >ii lii- :iniv,il at .Mli i>iii,
Ik' raiml It nti"i|iiiil liy tin' I. «■ liuiili'V-, Inn tlii'V witu liviiiu'
niiinii>; tliii tiiitis. \h 111' kiii'w that in tin' {insi'iit stiiti- In- rniil.l
nut liiilil i', il 111 • Cliilli'Si' raiilr tiMlis|aiti' Mnssis-inn, In >••! al' nil
ri'^l 111 ill;; III!' flirt. Till' wiirks wi'iit nn wltlimit iiinli'stal inn, ainl
ill ililf tniii' wiTi' linisliril. It was snnii iii'HJr kii ivn in Mlnria,
that Alli.isiii wai M">tiiri 1. aiiil this iniliii'i'il imiiilii-r-i tn jniii Ini'
lil I If L'ari'i^nii. Ill iilinni twn yi'ar^ 'l"i'lii'rni;;nn*k\ lia>! niii'i' iiii-ti
uniliT his r man I tiirii wi'tv i'ii;{ai.'iil in tin- rir>l > i.'i'. ami Im
kt'pl thrill tiiiilir rniit I'll, avniilin;; as iniii'h as [insHihh' all inirr-
rnnrsi' niiii llir .Maiiii'iiu<. I'lnlrr lili i iiiiainl tlir plaii' llui'
rislii'il, mill till' I'hini -1' jwrri'lvcil that il wniilil i'iiilaii:.'i'r tli'ir
jiiiwfr. riiis iiiiliii'iil llii'iii t> liuilil thi' t iwii n| Vi';:iiii nii tin'
.\liililli' Aiiinnr, tn I'niiiiliTirt its flVi'i't, anil, il |i.i«-ilili'. I'nrii' lln.'
Itiis-i.iiis In li'avi' 111. ir lia-riinry. On the li h it .Inn.'. HiS.'i, tin'
Chi II. 'SI' army apni'iri il Ix'lnrr lln' t.'Wii, ami I'Kik up tinir Ini r
pnsitiniinii I lln i^-laml. I'll.- u'l'iii'i'al ha.l a l.iriii' I'.irir, .mil, as tun Lai-
li'rifs li.iil lint hr. n ilrsirnviil, Im w.is s.mn na.ly I'.ir tli,' alt irk.
TiiIIh Ill/in was appniiilisl l.i tin' I'nitmianil in Allia>ni ; tin plai'.- ua..
pill in iIu'Ih'sI |Hls^illll' stall' f.ir ih ti'ini', liiit ifii; Chimsi- niiMiiiiii-
111') ml In^mi'ii ti'ii tn niii'. I Ml t 111' ^i'Jiiil. till' I'lii'iiiv iiiaili' all ii'.saiilt,
w h.'ii rnllinii/inainl liis;;.irris'iii ilrt'i/tiili'il tiin tnwii with tin* iitnin«(
liravnrv I'nr si'ViT.il ilays ; snhM-.piniiih , li..wi'\i-r. pi ri'i'i\ in:.' that
il was iinpo..>ihli' t.. Ii.ilil it .i^raiiist ^i. h iiiimni*rs, lii> wi'h \ww in
till' iii^rhl. rill' t'iiiin«i' I'litri. 'I till' I'nrI tin' Inll.m in.- il u, aii.l
iipiiii Invillfil till' vvnrks; liiNiii:; ari'iiiiiplishi'il lliis.thi-y mir.'iiti'il
tn .Vi-^Miii. 'r.ilh.iii/ni li-t't si'nnt.1 tn iva!. h tlii-ir iii'ivriiii'iiti. ami
ivhi'ti iiil'nriiii'il III' thi'ir ili'pariiiri, In' ni.iri'lii'il hark tn .Mlnsm.
I III till' 7lli III' .Viu'iist, 111' 111':;. Ill ri'..tnriii_' tlu' I'.irt, an. I U'I'nr.' tliL'
winter i-il in, was in a iKiMli.in tn nstni.' tlm tnwn. Iliiiiiiif tin'
I'lilil M'lisnii, 111. tni.h' pi'i'paratiniis I'nr aiinllnT »trii,'.'li'. an.l
ullili'.ivnlirril t.i li'iiili r his p.Mt illipn.'ll lliln. lln' slimv .ml iis'
»tnp|Ksl till' ri'liini ntlin' I'liini'v, hut h.- liMnn.l th.it tln'ir m-xl
I'.impni^n w.aihl Is- mi ii ;;riiitt'r si-.ilr, as tia-y wi'ii- ili-tri-miiir.l lo
ili'stniy the .Musinvi'.i's. Kmly in tlit' spriii:: •<( liiSli, thn I'lhs-
lials isiiimu'inisl their prepar.iti.ais ; the whnle nl' the .Viinsir
lliitilla was I'nll elisl tn lake a imrl in the e in,; .il riiKVl' . ami uiJ
in tlie I iplete aimlhilatinii nf the Itiissi.iiis. L.iiii; iHt'nre limy
salleil, 'rnlhnii/in knew thai the Chiiiesi' t'eii.'ral hail enlli'eteil .in
mil whi'lmiin; t'nne ; hut irreat as was its iiiiihIhts, he was iint
ilaimtril, ami his nilieers anil iiieii ileternilneil never to yi.l.l.
I W hell the il'.' Iirnke up nil the .Viiiniir, supplies were sent t'rnin
NiTtM'hinsk, anil hi-, little narrisnii was sunn prnvisinneil Inr the
sii'L'e. It w:ntli.'lisi M. I'k in .liiiie when the ('hiiii'M' laiiil I'nri'i'S
mar. III. I int. 1 their pn,itinii liefiiri; llie tnwn; their naval ejpo-
Uiti 111 .irriveil a lew ilays lat.r. I )n the 2iiil nt .Inly, tlio
enemy h.'^;ati his n|H'ratimis airaiiist the town, n-mi; h .lli his
litiiil ami iiav.il f.ines, hiii withniit imikiiitf any iinprisM.in
on the h sii'i;. il. Until the attaek anil ilel'eiiee were eniiiliieti il
with till- ii'nin^t linivery I'nr several weeks, ami r.illimi/.m «;is
killeil. I'hii W.IS a UTeal In-S tn the Cn-sieks. hilt it jave lliipe ill
till' rir.:i. ^ -, all. 1 taey pn sseil mi the *ii'u'e w.tli in ire \ iunfi.'. I'lia
Ciaimiainl ill .Vlliailll linw ilevnlve.! nil all ntli.'er nameil llealnll,
mill he .' iiitiniii'.l tn h-.lil the pia.'i' a.'iiiiisi tiie r.'li'>tials in -.p.te
of all til. r etr..riJ. till -evere l.isses .mil the appriaeli nt winter
tiiiiipi'll.il 'hi'iii I'l retire tn their eiie.iiiipineiit. This ileteniiiiieil
' ilefeiice ii.iil lint lie.'ii ni.iiiuuliiL'il without loss, ,is iiiuiiy C'ossiicks
were kill, il ; tlio mirvivors were. Iinwever, lell in isaee throiit'linut
tliewmt.r. In tie t..ll.iHiiiu' spring'. Ile.it. ni n.i'iv.il reint'.ire.-
I menu anil prnvi'.inn'i liniii .NirlMliin-k. ami prepanil Inr aunt her
ollstili:lle il.'lenee. rile s;ei;.' wis ilu'ain len.'Weil a II as the
weathi.r pirmilli'il, anil enii' iniieil thmii-liniit the suniiin'r, hut
tile Chiiii'S' ;;aiiieil nn ailvaiitiiL-e. \nt wii h^tamliii^' the fi-eat
Hii|s'riniil\ nf the hitter m nuniher-, wint.r Iniiiiil lie.itnn ami his
Cii":iik~ -llll iiiienmpiereil, anil in pn-sis^inn. lie held Alha^in
for a p.ri..il .if tW'i years, until tli.' winter .il llisS, ami linn
ri'tir.il. aitr haviii:; i|."eiiili il the plaee a.-aiii-t till limes hm
fiiree. K.alnll ;;.ive til.' I 'eli'stl:lis lliaiiv pi Is nl his hull-.lnif
I'niirau'.'. "Iinwiii;; thai .1 il.ies n,,i eva|iiirali' even in tlie wihls nf
.•\»ia ; :iiiil U r. .Vlkiium says he has tlie hest anthnrity firsavini;
lie wa» ail I'ai.'iisliiiian, On the 'iTth nt Auuiisi, KiS'.l, a
I treaty w ii eniii'hnh'J .il Nertsihiiuk. helween ilie Hiissians
anil I'hitie'i', liy whieh llns-ia was emnpeileil to -iirreiulor
all her ~'itleiii.'iits ill .Mai.|iiria .ir .Maiiteimriii ; it was stipn-
laliil 111 It neither pnwer .■.imul. I .n'liipy Alliasiii, ami a II iiimlary
Was ileliui'il I'l'nin the Itaiual t.i ili. 'Sea nt' Oklmt-k. Oihe'r
ilispiit.s ai'nse, an.l as it was I'. ami imp .sMlile t.i prev.iit
the Siheri.iii iiiiiiter frnu pursiiini; hi> avoeatiniis hey. nil the pre-
I si'tilHsl Iniiils, a si'ioml treaty was cniielialeil trmn t'liiiiesi.'
I ilieta'inii, in .lime, I T'-**. .Vt tinil period the t'liiiu'M' .inthnrity
' prisloiiiiiiateil, anil Kii".i was sulijeeleil tn nuineiniis iii-iilti. .mil
his I 'I'Irsttal .Maiesty heji. v.'l tllltl she wa* hi^ vassal. \\'li:it a
chaiiu'e l.isenni.' nver the s.ene siiiee Khahainll' ami his ('..s-arks
Wi re apjiai-i'iilly iinilatin.- Ihenlil laiii':iiii'i i- 1 ami tia.litinn has
hanile.l .1. wr m the pre-ent races nn the Anm >r an .leeniiiit nf
the phimleriii:; ami piiatieil cnmliict nf these iiieii, wli.isc iiium s
even yet c:iU'»' a ilnail. In this \c.ir of trace, IHIll), Hussia's
]H>wer ill tlii'se i'e;;iniis IS lint all idea hut a f:iet. One luiiiilreil
uiiil tliii'tv tw'.i ye.irs have el ip.seil since her prnili'.'ies nf valmir
were e.i'iipelleil tn retre.il timii their scttlemeiils mi the Aiimnr.
Ill IH.'il ill' iI.M'.'inl iiit^ nf tliese 111.11 ttliik pnsse^sinn of this
: prcal livrr. ti.nn its enintui iicemeiit In th.. sea, anil aildeil nearly
I Imlf nt .M.iiit.-iiiiria tnthe Kiissi:iii empire ; anil this was ucauin-
I liliaheilin lisstli.m six weeks. \Vi reilnnw eitlni incessary nrpnli
1 tio, M..iiiavi..||. with his (.'ns.iacks, cniihl pitch his I ihstia. l.'.rn
Sli^esl). ni.iuilarms, pigtails, an.l all. int. > the ;;ull nl I'e'.ulie-iue.
TT
I I
h
288
ML ROUND TIIK WORLD.
Tilliitji' of Aiiiliii Shi'Ii.iU':iii. 'IVikiiii; ii<l\.iiit^i);r of mir
i'Vfiiiiii.''i liiinuiiii; li«, wr |miJi| it ji M-il. Fmiii- i'M
liii'li, two iilil wmii :iiii| tlirci' ymni'.; cliililri'ii. uirr
till' iiiily iiiliMl>iliiiil!<, till' I'i'Ht nl the iiili;t><jtaiii'< ui'ti'
iiiit limit liii; III' li-liiiiL; Till' li'iiiscs, ili->tt'iliiili'i| liri'i-
itiiij llii'l'i', wi It' I'll Illy >''iii«|rtii'ti'i| III' u I, rl.iy, iiml
riiniici, 'I'lii'i'i' Vi.s* iiili'ij |iii|ii'i' al tin' uinlnws instraii
"(' uliiHH. Tliii IOIMII-* vvi'ii' il rii'ij «itli |i;iiiitiiii;s mi
iii\ii~, ii'in'i'Mi'iiliii^ till' iluiiiitiii I'f till' l!iii|illil^t .'iiiil
I'll wiir lii|i. Tlii'ii' xvi'i'i', altii, sivrral nliji'i'ts ul'
I liiiii'si' iiiMiiulai'liii'i', >ili'li lis rii|ilHiai-iN ami ijiiiiirstii'
iilrii^ii''. Massi's III' liirrli, fliii. iiiajili'. araria, aiMJ nl'
tin' ilii'iilii|ial'alili' /'i/rim n/hrhilii/ii. <ivi'i'«liaiii>\vri| laili
iif llii'.ii' liiniilili' ii'-iii|i'iii'rs, wliiiji aU.i |i i^'M'-.mmI. m
aililllinii, I'arli <>!' iIumii a i;ai'ili'ii rillti\aii'<l vtitli tin-
^li'atrHl rai'r. I iriiial'ki'il in lliiiii 'lilli'l'i-lit kiinU ul'
iiiilli't ami linliaii r irii : mihI tlii'ii, in ^inill ><|iiai'i'M.
Uray raili-ln'S, Ink^, i,',irlii', S|iaiii<li |ii|i|ii'r. I''ri'iiili
'ii'aiiM, anil iitlni' \i'iii'lalili>. i.ik'' tiin' itn-.'-i iii«. \m'
i>|nrially ailiiiiiril i«ii ihw vaiii'lif.i 'i| i- iIi'm','!'.
Tlii'si' |ii'n|il(' |i(i>.srsscil li'W lattli' ainl Imfsi-.. Imt in my
,'>:.'>, II ml a pal tii'iil II' kiml •■( I'liwU.
Ni'Xt ilay, il.iiililiiiL,' a 'ai" wliicli ailviin'i'l I'i'.hii tin'
li'l't. wi' laiiir ii|iiiii till' iiiinii'ii^i' xalh'y ul' llii' Siji. .ir
Xiyii, « liiisi> li.iiiks -.ti'i'trlii il iH'y.iii'l ii'<iiin. an<l ttliirli
rni|ilii'il ilsi'lt' iiilii I Ih' An r liy a m'I'v vviili' Mimitli.
lis wati'fs lliitti'il alniii,' till' liiitiini ..I' tin- \alli'y liki-
a I'iliahil. I In' |ilarii is iiim' n|' inriini|i ifaM" liitiity .
I iii'M'i' saw anytliinj; liki' it. Tlir wi.ltli ami 'li'|>tli
"t till' A niiiiii' air riiii.siili'i'.ilily inrri-asiil liy iliisailiii
tinlial inas.H 111' wati'i'. Il' tin inliy lliat >iit r.niii.l--
All'iisin, till' iniiiitlis of tlir Kaiiiara ami tin- Aii;iiii,
all' Wi'll aila|ilnl fur {'■iiinlili;; istalili^liiin'iils, tin-
\ illi'V iif till' Saja is •.till imirt' ini'liralili- l'i''iin many
■•■Hisiiliialiiins. A.'c'iiriliiii; In a ti'|i'iil. i| iti'il l'!"*!,
irmi lias lu'iii I'miml in tin' W'liitr MMiintalns, inicl-
ili^laiu'i' lii'twi'i'ii till' immlli ul' tin' Sija ami ili.'
Si'liii;;a, ulu' of its I liliiltai'ii's.
I'll illy vi'ists fi'uin till' iii'Milli I if till' Saja. is tin' I'UMi
III' Sa'.'aliin I'll Kli'ilun Tin' iiitiTv il lilwiin is
jiilinl vvilli lillli' V il|a;.'rs i'ii|ii|i'i>i'.l "I a li'W lulls, mi
I' iiiiilr I'i'iiin mil'. lliiT. ill. it III 'Uiiii'^ I lisi.mi'c
III livi' v 1 r^ls .iliii:,' I 111' il ink-. I 'nil i\ iti- I lii'Ms witi'
III III' ■.•■• n 111 till' lli'inllliiillllliiiiil iif till' linllsi's. Till'
[ii'il. uliirli i^ a littlr liit aliiivr lln' tnw ii. I'liiil.iiiii- I
llill'l\ IIm' I iI'^i' Imals, rai'li ul' wliirli i uill'l iMiry ii'"'
|i Miil.i. .Siiinii nii'inlii'i's iif til" ••\|ii' litimi lii\in^i'\
that llii'y wi'i'ii iililijji'il to )ni ilrivni out with stirk«.
In li'iiiit iif till' liiw tnwn is an iolaml mi wliirli i.iii Ih'
SITU till' I'l'iiiiiiis III' a iiiml wall. I In* List rrliis uf i\
l'iii'lii's.s I'linstiiicti'il liy till' .Maiiti'liiiCliimsi' tu ii'sist
till' iin'111'siiilis uf till' t'ii.s.sackH uf tin' .scvi'liti'riitli
I'l'iiliii-y.
I Five vt'l'sts liiliiw S,|i»,iliii, nil till' Irit li.ink uf llin
.\lmiul', iil'r till' I'i'iii nils i>\' .\i<.;nii, wliirli in llii'
srvi'iiti'i'iitli ri'iitiiry liinl all tin' ini|iui'lain r wliirli
till' ullii'i- I'ily li:i.s ari|iiiii'il ill the [ii'i'si'iit ilay. \\ Inn
till' ('iiss.'ii'k- imi'li' llii'ir aiiiiiHiiaiii'i' mi llir i'Imt,
tills plari' was alialnluiii'il ; anil alti'l' tilt' i'a|itiil'u of
.Nri'l-i'liinslt. Iliis city uf Sii:;aliii was lliiimliil, in
a iiliiini' with iiisinii'timis ri'mivi'il lu ih.ii iil'i'i't
I'l'iiin Trkiii
lli'liiw till' ininti'in uf lliu Saja tin- \allr\ - <'\|iaiii|
nil liiitli siili's uf llir .\miiur, till' lianks Iuwit. ami tin-
liliii' niiiiinlains i|isi|i|ir.'ii' in tin' Inni/un. 'I'Ih' luwri'
li'M'ls lii'i'iiini' I'Vi'ii inai'sliy. ami arr iiilris|ii'i'.sn| with
hull' l.iki's siii'i'iiiiinli'il liy nishi's ami niiii's. \\v ati-
in till' ;;ii'al smil n'lii riirvi' uf tlin lisir hasin. Tin'
l*a iiriiii llura. wlinli |iiri|ii|iiiiiali'- as far as I he Saja,
Is tniw siii'i Ii'il iiv an l'!iiiu|ii'aii M':;rl it iu'i, wliirli
runtiiiilrs as fii' as tin- cunlliii'ln'r uf tin' .Simyaii. Tim
linir, uf limlrii. till' |Hi|ilai'. till' I'^riinH imisni/.i.. t\u)
llri/ III I irMii, ami ni'mtiiI utlnis, ami iiruiiml whirli
i;i'iiw till' uak, till' iiiit.aml whiti' liiirh.ari'iiuw iiii't with.
It is 111 111' ii'iiiaiki'il that mily wiM ti s >;iiiw almijj
till' hanks ui till' I'iM r ; liiil in thi' .Malili liii vill.iyr.s
ami ^ai'ili'lis tin' rliii ami |Ki|i|ai' ai'i' fmiiiil |ilanti'il liy
t hi' liainl I'i liiaii.
.Ml this rminliy rrniimis mn' uf tin' hrst |iafls uf
ri'iiir.il Kiii'ii|ii'an liiissia. It luiiM rmitaln a rmisiilcr-
ahh' |iii|inl ilnm, w hirli wuiihl Iiml i<\i'ry fnility tur
ii'ariiii; iinnii'i'iiiis In-iils uf latllr ami lim-MS, ami tlmkn
uf >ln'i'|i. ami rmiM riilll\.ili' iiniiirli-i' tnnts unly
waitini; tur llir |iluiii;li. Itt'siili'.-. ihi' I'i'Miiirrrs wliirli
nlni' ruliini>ts wiiiilil iliiiw fiuin a vii'ijin .soil riail
w itii ailniiialilt' iiatiii'.il |iasliir('.s. ami ^Mth a liiaKiiiti'
ci'iit |ii|i'-l M'i;i'l,itluii, tin' .\li r ttiiiiiil sii|i|i|y lln'iil
with an im-Jiaiistililr i|iiaiitily uf ti>li.
Il is mil\ :il till iilhirm f tin' linijja that this
;.'ii'.it siiii'N ,i! Ill lih' plains .iml i.illuy--, wliiih await tin-
Inl'il-ni.in ami tin' |i|miL;liMian, lii iiiiiiali'. ami thi' li.i.siii
"I till' .Xiiiiiui' Is mill' inui'r hi'iiinii'il in ln-lwi't'ii imniii-
laiiis.
Till' ^'ii at .M.iiil'liiii iaii ih.iili, r.illiil Inrlnii ur
ii'>si'i| a w Is
h tu \isit till' ('iiini'si' tutt II. iln-v Will' km;.' Iiaii In Alkiiisun. ami 1 1 iii',' ' J ill hv I'liiiiikiii
li'i'i'lM'il a
L' iMi'imr, am
t till' lamliii
liV tl
inih.iii III' .M iiili'hii iml wliii h si'ii.iiati'S tin' hasin ul I In' Siiin.'ai'i I'luiii ih.tl
liv 1 1
til II'-, « liu iin It.
I ihi'iii tu uf thn I'liiii'i .Viiiuui', ('i'u>s till' lalti'l'
I'litrr a tint in «liirli Iwu hi'inlii's Iml lui'ii plnril puiiil t
I'l
I 'i't an
ir this
I uiiili' with till' Yahjiimii m- Si
Tin
1-1 11.
fill' linll'
iml. 11
ili'i'li'il all lln
'Is III' ill,
liruw nil ils raiiilliraliiiiis, that r.xlrml to
ilimi. till' llnri' wi'ii' at li':i>t a lln- I'Mii'im' mHlhi.is
iry ui'i'u a
a sli.ii |i iiiiiiil, li.ir liin-
.11111' III pil
-wiii'iis ; 111
si III ihi' .V.-ialir riiiiiimnt. lit
I lis riiiirsi' ilii'iiin.'li till- iiiiiiiiit.iiii rliaiii t lir .\ iiiiiui' no
tln'ap|ii'ir I'll. 'If pi"si'iil> any 'A' lli nnini'luus isl.imls wliirli
lis ami mil' aii' pii-v im-ly iiirt with . Iml il- wati'is. iIi'i'|h'|', iiiuri"
lii'is. Iial liii'si' III -mall niinihiT, wiTi' arnii'l iipnl. ami iiiuii' pi IIm ni lliaii Inl'i'tuturi'. ii'lli'i't tin-
I'ts; lull aim. i-t all lii'M -iii.ill Imw - in i Inir .nlniiialili' M'l'i-I il lull ul n- li'ii'lii s liki' a linipi'l tnir-
I iiii'l rt illi lull:; sticks, tu » Iml
1 ill lln' lire. ^i\(
Hill' I'l I lll'lll II I'l
li, Mills, ami h nl
■ limililir . Ill
.'iiiis. iiniMiii
aivi'i' I'
■I .iiimv-
'II
tl
I'lr iiii'.
Il is mi |iiiii.'i'i' aliiiM' -'"iiitii :'iiMi Villi- in wiiUh,
-tllMi' ll'ulll lili'lillt Wi'li-1 II .Hill , it Illni'S li.'l
ll'lv lll.ll I'u tl
11' rmiii an
1 tu lln
'1 nil i.'1'iat wlni'l.-. rmlcly cuii-tiiiiii' i . li-fl, piiiiiitiM' f ii'i.iis. wiili\a-l tiniliri' tni s ami an ini
each L'lni w IS (lAi iiil with a liitlc ruuf ii[ liiiih Imk. pi'inlrilili- iimlii'.'i'uw tli. .stntili alun^ tli" hanks, ami
'1 iiilmir. Tu 1- '.I'h :,'ini .1 ci-icp up llic siilcs uf the niuiintaiiis tu llnii' \iiy.siini
till' whiili- I
mall was alsii altnln
wc cuiilil Mill - 1 il tin
^lllW •mati'li
J,'u int. I till- II
'I Willi a st:i k in Ills h.iinl, Init mils, ami licvuinl the rcarli uf visiun
stirk sil'Mil a- a hamlli' III a Tin- Silii
liar, llio .liitjlaiis. till' ( 'iiiilifii pirn
Till ninhnn ii't'iiscij h- pciini^-i.ni tu ami the .MuiiLruliaii uak, fui'iii, with llnir puwiil'nl
sinii II iiiilii.'i'.i 111
it III.' |i.\Mi.
tu the ti'llt, il
Ih.
ilii'is. came
Tl
inn;; the intervifw .
a ri''ii| N.uill >>( il.irk lireeii. iiilivemil h.
il I
ii'fe w nil I lie w
hill' ami lliikel in.' lints uf the
iii.i!{iiiti
ly llii'iii
il tlii-
Iw.iil lllk'
llii' li.i.siii
il iiiouir
Il III <>r
III tliul
(III
II. ml ti
liMHir ii'i
iliii'ii
i'l tiiir-
VMlitll,
lo till-
.«rl till
,1 I1...V
■ f til.'
"hit
Wl
iv;
■a
A*
i.
t.
!• I.
41
ii
UP AND DOWN THE AMOOR.
Ml
silxri- IimVcmI iisjicil mill I'irrli, .'it :t hrii,'lit (if .'til yaiils
mill iiiiiii' ; wliilst iil llir timl <>f iIm,'--i' ^{iiiits of iIh'
vi';ji'tiilili' kiMi;i|iini iiiMiiini'i'alili' -liriili^, .iml !>till iiimi'
iiiiiiiiTiiils lliiwci'iii^' jilmits, v^irii'il .s|ii'i'iiiii'iis nf tli.it
|l:i-lll'iaM Holii. >'il ll)':ir til till' liiitmiisi illl<l tin- llul'tirlll
tlll'ist, iiri" liinlnlfil tii^'iflnr ill imlisi'lilialili' colifil-.inii,
mill wliirli i<s(ill t'lirllirr iinrnisfil liy llif iinxtrir.ilili-
io|M' liki' niHWtli iifHijil viiirs mill nf tin- 'J'lfi/iiiitii/iifi
ivlliijl rlilllliS U|l fliHIl till- ^I'l I'll .lllil llluist tlllllk>, llltn
wlii.'li tlirysi'inl tlicir imiis, ii tin? mm'v siiiiiuiil nf tlu'
si|i lii'uriii;; tii'i'. mill wliirli lliiH sim'Vij In llii'lii as ii
liiiliii'i' ii|i\vm'ils til till' Mill mi'l l|i;lit.
Ill flii'si' i|i'ii-i! riivi'i'l-*, till' iiiily iKilliw.iy* an- iIhim'
wliirli liaM' lii'iii ii|iiii.i| liy lIu- luars. aiii| ii|i tn I "^'i I
iii'itlii'r I III' w Iiiian'-iaxi' iinr tln' >|Hirtsiihiii s ;;iiii |i;|i|
yi't wmiii'il till' fauna of tlii'^i- vast ■<iililiii|i's tliit tin-
iiicii nf llii' west liail ill fisi'iM' fur thrill ii'iIm-i iii.iii'
I'li'uiiilalili' I'vi'ii than llir ti'.ji'i's rnar, |iri'\iiiiis i.. iluit
rpDi'li thi'ir iiiii'lialliin,'i'il kiii'^.
lieyoinl till' iniaith nf tin- Itiiiiji, tin' iiiiitui'aiii-< on
till' left liaiili lif^^in ill I'l'ci'ili', ainl laki' a iii'ii'' ii'rlhi rly
rlifi'i'lioii. Aliiii>-t iiiiiiii'iliati'ly afti'i'«aiils tlm-ii' of
tlio rii;lif liaiik turn ii|ii;illy tntlii! smilli wi'st, Thi'
riMT il-icll', iifti'r ilisi'iii' :'ia-in^ itsilf i.f the vii-iiiitv
nf tlif iiiuiinlaiii-i, ■iH>iiirv< ;,'iMi|ii,illy an i'a<li-ni ilir-'i'
tinii. riius, al'tiT a iii'iiiiitaiiiniis icarh nf ■ilmiil I'Jtt
vi'rsis in iNti'iit, wiili- v.illi'V-' arr -ii't'ii i'.' a|i|ii'uiiiii; mi
Uli' tAVn-i'li'. nf till' Alllnnr. all'l llfltlll'l! ri'^IIMIi'S i h.'!'!'
l||l'.^lllll' '^-IMMlinM' a.S|iirt vvhii'li llii' i\|i ijil inii h ii|
Ml iiiirh uiliiiii'il iiliiivi- ill'' ■;iMii' ili'^i-niiti.iii nf
wninl-i ami fnri'Ms, till' siiiii' lii\i;iiaiii iniiiii's an. I
iiii'ailn^N.-<, al'i' ^iri'ii : ami mii' ran niily \\n^,r thii man
llliy snnli 'ii' IsMi- tn |i|i>lit liy ill ll|i'>i' Ljll'ti nf lialllfi'.
On till' l;"tlli nf diiii'. vii- narlii' i the iimiuh nf Ih.'
Siiiisiari .* s it fiiiiiiH a ill Ita, it is liillinilt tn ililir
iiiiiii- whii'li is till' rliii'f liraiii'h ; .iinl tli" ra|ii<lily wiili
wllii'll wi' wi'i'i i;n!M^' .1.1 1 II. mil jH'i'iiiitti'il III.' tn iiiaki'
.1 li'W iinti's ill ri",'.ir i tn til 'ii- ;.'ii'a( iivit, vvhirli liriiiif
ill till" wadis nf ('I'litral Maiiti ii'iria iiitn tin' Amnnr.
Till' iiiiiinii.M' riri'iilar ^aliiy, wjiicli njiiiiK lii'linnl tlii'
hills lii'vnii'l, ll.is n wiillll III' I S.'t \iTsts. mil it-^ i|i'|itl<,
\:< iiiikiiiuMi Whi'ii till' Alllnnr i?i si'i'ii aft IT ri'1'1 i V iiiL;
ihis iH'W ^t|•(•.llll, « hi.li r.iiisliiiMis a ifii' It ainl |iii\vi'i'fii|
rivi'i' ill itsilt, ll.iwiiii; in niii- iinilnl lunly llirmi^fli
annthi'f iii'iiiiit lin |Ms^, tin' iiiiiiil is arri'>ii'i| «i,li lli,'
tlmu'^lit — iliil it niik'' it'- '.Nay llii'nu'.;ii (ii"^i' \a»t
r.iiii|iart'< iif stniii' liy iisn-in |in\i'i', nr \vhil ■ nn.nin-
(inns mill l'iltlli-|y>ni> lli-«' I I'nr jl i in.l I in Ih" ni'.'an :
Till' ilistriit liitwiiii till' .'"•MHijiri iml ihi- l.'suri
jU'i'si'iitH ii.it liiiii» rt'iiiaik ilili'. -iM' till' >h.'"is ih'\;l.,;-in^
Hill. I", rnvircil with \villn\v-i, a.-ai i.i~, iinl unnsilicrrv-
tri'i's, aiiil ill till" xalliys, |iii'liiri'si|iii' naks, ilnis,
niajili', |>n[il,ir. ami isli. It is mily mi a|i|i|nariiiii;; I lie
inniilli nf till' r^ini thai llii' iiiminl.iiiis whii'h liin' tin'
rii;lit hank I'nini- ilnwii iii'ir 'In' riV'r; tlnlrtl hank
rniiliiiui's In lin liiw.' All iliis ri'ginii, altliiMigh nlti'ily
I Aliiiiit Iwiity i.iil.< lii'liivv Si'li i;||,i K.i,), 111,. Animir i'\|>iiniiii
III iiiiir" lluiii tlini' iiiil.'^ Ill wiillli, Willi mriiiy riliiinli m-:iitiT.-.l
iiv.r 111 Ih'iI ; it tlii'M iiii'r.iu* ii_Miii, ainl riiiii |«i«t lln' I'Nit "f
Ak iliir, lu'Miiiil II lii-.iuil nil :iki'< II iiiivi' tn tin- miiitli. Inn ill;;
ii|.ri. till. ,i|iiNiir:iiiii' .if II I.iIm' Itian II rivT ; tliii i« iiiiini'.l Tir
C'liii; Till' rniihtn .111 111.! li-jlit u „ |,|:iiii i.,ni.r,.il \ilili Lm,-
(friiiis, I'liiiniH ..f .\ii;.irt< iin.l || m,. „.iili.r.'.| nv.r ll On
till' ii.i-ll. «i,|,., „ s.Ti'4 lit' Kiiiall \ illi-vn iin.l iMimli.l lull- i vli'inl
tn II n.'cnl if>|nnrr . Iiiyniiil IIu'm- ari' «ri'll tlir •nilnlMil'i "I I
iiniinili II I'lmiii. Af>rr ii wiiiiliiitr I'miiw •<( iiiaiiy inilii. tin' illl
frri-iil lirinirlii'H arc iinili'il. unit llii' ?i\.r tl.twH .in in niii' irrral
ii'ri'uiM, iiiiirc limn Ih'ii inili'it in niiltli. I In' l.iiiiKt aro mm', .iinl
iininl.ahiti'il at till' prr-^i'iit iiintiipnt, pri'si'iitM mi Imth
siili's vast s|iai'i's iii|a|ili i| t'. rnlnnisatimi, tn ii'/niiiltnri',
ami tn |iastiii in^ r.itlli Thi' laml.-r i|ii' |ir. .-rrM's the
siiiiii' rhirarti'i', ll|i l.i I h " jinilLt u lli'l'i' thi' rliaili nf
Innillltailis, wliirh .si'|i.ii'ati'> tin' hiisili nf tin- I slU'i
Irmii till' I'nast nf til I'lii, ilrivL'S llic couim' of tUo
Amnnr nniii' tn thr iim i h^anls.-
.li.\. tliii-kly i'"Vi'rr.l vvilli titiiliiT; in x.iiir |.lari"* \ ipUi' ar.- t'.'niiisl
tlii.ii'^fll till' ili'.iM' tiiri'-l. li-.iilin;; to II liln*i>|i.li r..iit.lr\ iHyi.ml,
wlii'ii' 1 ii'li pa-tiiri-H >lri'l.'ii nut In a ^ri ill iii^laini', I'lil ila' niif*'.
i- iii'ii T ri'.'iipi-.l, 1 xri'|il lij llic uilil aniiiiali. Ili.lli kii.l s (lartalie
• it' I 111' Sinn- cliai'ai'U'r. ai"!, mil vutli-taniliiii; tlnir InxtirtaiiiT,
(III') w.ar a iltltiri'iit iispirl nrilln-r man imr iiii wmk-* U'linj
\i.ililr, anil N.itiiri' |i<iiii's tin li liir |.i.inila's <.iil.\ |.. uitlnr ami
llii- iinlii'iil. ll It'iKMa li.li .lilaiiii'il a li'iiili'n iih.K' Miiiial.li>
llian all llii' •ii|.|iii-ril riill.in .li-lii.l- ..| Alra-a, wa<i n il liv liiiii-
ilu'ill .ifstnaiiis ll'iHill:: mill llir ^Jlml alli'iy ll.al [..n-r* llirnnfli
n^rllliri' li'iii^Mii. 'I'lic rliniato is ;:i.iiil, anil urll MllU'.l tiir |- llro-
pi'iinii; its aniinaU lii'l.iii^ In If. ill Itn' t'lilil anil uaiiii ri-^ii'lis,
'ilnlr lis l.i\iiti.ini In'rl.au'i' ami in .^nitiiriil llira, |>ti.vi' tlial tliv
'iin|HTatni'.' ii iirillnr i.i \ ir in uiiitir, lair I'Urt »>iM l\ Iml in
-iiini Hi', it is |i. I'l-ilili' t!i!l »i'iiii' . f tla-i' firal liliii.- ii.ar In'
iiiiti'il C.ir llii'inlnii f till' rii'ti'ii I'laiil : if m. i> -i.) I'l* nt tlii»
valiialili' |.r'i.lin't uiil, iri' I. mi.', In' li'iii.il at tin' l!n>»iaii | i.rU, in
Illl' Si'ii I.f .lapa", anil in llir tiiilf if 'larlan. A tin in. tin- Aiini.r
>h-.'l('lh"i ..lit, v%illi Itnni 'l.ill'« l'<lall'l< ni.lli'll iiM't lt> >nitari ; llai>t
.if till"*!' an* liiw. anil (-.iM-ri'.l uilli uiII.iwm. At !lii' !'lnr of tlii*
-|.ri|iL,' II.Ni.ls Hay an* inninlainl, aiil linn it iil.il.iin ii iiii|;lily
-H'laiii, iii'.ir ll\<< mill's III hIiIiIi. tl.al i xti inU |i>r lliiili nr Inrlx
niliH. 'I'll! hiU- nun r|..si' ,l' .nil li'liT tin' IIishI il.ln
I iiirrin\ rliaimi'l, till il narliis aia.il.ii i^nal i a|'.iIim' i aiinil
S'lmllia-kii'i. 'Ill niiir;. lii.inr- l,.i(;iily iiiti i, >iii j; ; i.n tin'
nnrtli, v'Vi'r.il vallr\'* inn far np Mnmn; M.n'iiil liilU, wlm-li
I'Mi'ti.l tiii\aiiU till' Kin;;lian ii.' nntaiiiK, wIidm ^lln mils art* mi
'li^l.iiit. that tlic.s appi iir aiini'st likr I'lntnl.'. t.i. tl.i' In ri/nii. 'I'o
I. a* s.iiitli, till' iiniiintanis i.f Kl.. iik trla-r-Kl.i.i'ri nr n,i- mi'Ii
■tri'l.'liin.' fur tu'Vninl tin' (ln,"iiiiri', aial ii.ii' lla- '1|||.m<1
M inii'Inniiiii " Kl ilnraitn' lirlili' |'la:iii. v'ltu.il ali ii|: .lu' Lank*
' I ill.' ruir, ttii.Ti'.l l.v iniinni.iis riMilr:* ll.at ilr«ii ml li in tlic
lii'l.int ll.lls, l'lnin|is nt ni,i)'li', Jn.pla.', inai lllt.i -llri'- arr llif<
|N':>ril iivrr this Inn'l. i.i.il will. «■. Iiai^r lln l.nlrr- i.t the
'ir.ain-. 'I'liii sri n" sn.hiUI Ir iii|iriiviil In In nls i.i . :.:ilr I ii.u •iii);
.111 illl' |ilaiii, Illl. I uatiiik; i'iii| s i.| rnrii nii lli- ii I. ..•'■- 'I iini',
ii.iAi'vr, Hill li-ii.;; alsiiil llii'i'liaii^'r, anil i'MH tin .Mai xai)-- anil
\l iii^'ii.ais m.iv Urinni'an a^iin nllnial |>i i.|'lr. As tin' i iw r mii-
liniii'siin its il.iHiiw It'll I'l.inM', ila a^js'il i.l tin n iinlrx rliiii):i>i
rill'. Ii'jin 111 liv' nil Ih'IIi -I, nil., ill «l,irli 11 alij laMliis liatn
li.'1'll nil li\ III!' |..ri-i'iits llial rnini tllli.l.ia.i.' Inln llir l.ij-l.rr
irr.Mi.iil inl.i Ihu Aiinmr. 'I i i v rni'iiinr li.i ii ai._\ n ilr- Ki'laail
.I'l.v tnali'l'ial i'lian::i', till lliiv liinli kinr-l-ki., v.fiii lia' lilrr
r\|iaii'lii inlii a itrrji I'uy I'li its si,nilnrit >li"ri. ai.il ti.is i«naiiiiit
N'aiinu'.''a. Tlirrr ik a Innjiim' sttiliiiiiiit l.irt' atni altlii.i'):li
tllrrliirl iKVll|i;ili niH i| llir |ii..|.|.' air lisl.ilijr 'iliil l.lll.lill^', rarh
il.U'lliiii; i- sini Illl l.\ 1- (.•aiilrii. ill «1 illl I1..1I, H'fii.ililr- anil
ll'irt.Ts am nilii\alril, I iir Mninili an • Mn il 1 yl\ 1 ilii>tiiniiii,
ami. ni'likr till' rnn^'ii-x' an. I kiilliiin ks nt Nil 1 na. kri'|i tlirir
ihvrlliii,;s nral ami ('Iran, i'dli n cii anil u. iia n |i- s-is. a'l llii<
i|iialilii'sii'i|iiiri' 1 ill nil linlii>li''i'nit |H'|>iila'iiii., I in .\ arr an ii-
ri'i'ilin;,'ly iniitati\>' rarr, m il rxniii) Ir ui' ^m tar t>.\\ai'ilH rlian^iii^
Illl ir ll iliil«. Ilry.iiiil till' liat. a laigr iiiii'l nl iiaailcH fiial runs
iiji ililiia iTI'rat riirvr liiriii"! li.\ tl.r li<i<tilitailis. uliiir tlii-x swit'p
r.iniid t .nar.ls llii> ( >n-s..iii'i , I'l illn:; in hi^'li rlills 1 11 ifr liunk nf
llir .\iiiii.>l, anil llai.' nr lli. inks nf Kirina, uliiili l.rlli 11 la. Ill
.1111 |ii.'lii;i''«.|ni' 111 ailiaiiil \ ^lnall iiiinnt llir Aninnr iiiakr- h
Ini'ii ll' Ila' -".mil 111 tills |..iiii. I runs mi ti'Uaiii.< tin in. nth ..f
till' Oiissniirr, ll ivini; a narr "» Irnl "f Hal I.n il alnn.' 1 1 1' liaiik.
' I'll II r...'i,\ iinin. ma', wliirli jiils .'iit i: l.i thr rixir, a little
th\.inil Kinta, n'r ll.i- rrinains nf an iini-ii lit li.rt, niiil in tir il the
r snC Mrliaiiska Thr r'H'ks run inarl.v |» i|.i'iiili( iilar iIuhm to
!'ir -.vatrr, ami f.inn n liiilr slirllriiil nun that niii mil.v \m
i,|'|ii'iiai'liril in a li'.il. ami ,1 tiarr.ii insk i.iiiiists tliis mass with
Illl hi-li liaiik In Ihr siinini. r nf lll.M, Klialiiinll xiMti.l the
I "IS., nil', anil, :il>i'r ilii-idiiitj t.i I. .1111 a i« nnai t sitlU'iiiriit
mar lis ii'.aii'i, .rl.ciril tills |.lir.'. an nalir. Ii'iil il'iii' II. .oh
tiiHiirili I. ml. riii_' tliis |il s.-rnv.- \Vi:li nl lii»« nf titin-, \t«
r.iinimi I n|..r iii.iiis. fir«l si'riniiiL' li s liltlr Iinl nf liiMt.. in tlio
I'M', lliiit tinnn.l it irnnil ami sali larluair; a path «ai« vn
rnninil ll.al rlial.l.'il llir lll"n tn sralr ti>i' rlitVs. al.il li.. tr i.i \>iy.;\
Itiiiliiiiiu' a t'l rt inv\liii'li In sprtnl tt.r ^^ ait T llis iH«..rn>ii hm,.
I
ff
i-
: liH
ill
i r
I
!'
i92
ALL ROUND THR WORLD.
Dm till' lOtli "!' ./iiiii', a rijii.l riirr.iit scparati'il tlic
Imiit ill wlii.li I was tVnin tin- n'lii liiiacr iif the rx|>i'-
tlitiiiii ; allrr liaviii;; ii.i\ Ilm!. •! (Ii- ic:ists of an islainl.
|ii'ii|ilc- iiaiii'i.'tl skills, zi))i')iiii), iiiartiiH, ami lii'ar>t, for
"iiir 111 iiiulai liir.H. 'I'lirsi- (loliliaiis an- tlit; must
wisIitIv '>1' (111' tril.-H •liv.'lliiiL,' at tin- iiiuiilli cif tin;
at l.'iist litlv vi'fsts ill lfin;t!i. •luiiiiij tin- |)rcvalfiirc iil" river ; nrxt conn' tin- Maiitiiiiiilsiaii^. wlin ci,-iii|iv all
a lii'a> V sl.inii. I \va.-<*r<'<iuc'f<l tn -t-rk lii)S|iitalily at a ; thi- inttrva! lirtufi'ii (In- U^il'liaii- ami xhi- \ |>!,' of
villa'^i- of (i.il.liaii-. A (>■*■ |'i<->ciit.i i iisiii-.kI me a ^ tin- I'liast. Tin' latt<-r, iln- (lilyaks. limit « ihl liii>ls,
kiii'llv ri'.'i-|i!i"ii. iiml win- tin j-rcriirsnis of ii vi-ry rs|i,iially lirais, "^xliicli Ilii\ k>'i-|i aini lattrii in ra.i,'i'H,
aiiiiii.iti'il tMiiiiiifn-u licHvii'ii tlifiii iiliil us. Tlii'st'gninl as lixs iii-i'ii slati'il liy picv io'is tra\. llii-s.'
illic ivirril Iiv till' riiiiK'** ill tlif auttiiim In-fori' 111' I'lHiipIi'li'iI liU
WMfk-i, ■iJiiI :l \n i\ '*f M.|ll!i-il'iri:»;l Ini-ilis «M<» Hi'll? I » lii^l'lilL'l' U 111.
TlK') Ai'ft' U ltlltT<>.|.t fll'MT^Il 111 ^v«'< • |i lliul 'lll'l IlIH r«ll,..Wi'fs ll^til
till' \mi Kir, lir lii. ;irnn-« ii.ul alr<M.ly iii.uli' iii iii\|iii<!.i m .m
till- inMnlii •f 111.' ('.'ii'-tiili, iml Uii'V l>iii\.il lik.' rum, liiirkiiiu'
.it tlie lion lit liiy, iia' t ikiii,; •ii.'.iil i-;iri' i.i kii'|i nut nl llii' rwu'li
"I' lii« twill. XVri.'u til.' wint'T »-t ill lii- w .» l..ll in inii.-i', mil
hi.1 1'tiiMu'i's n'tip.'-l 1.1 1'u'T onr'K'Mi.'itU t-i lir.*'>l ttv-r ihrir iIh
ii|i)*. lint 111. >'it. .Xt'ti'r th-ir .ii'^tirtiifi \ Kii.ilwir.'tr n.-t iil^ml tiiiinli-
iiU liit w .ri«<, 1 1.1 .ii.l .-i-.'ntliin.' Ii- ••."li I <<i I'.'n ii'r lii< (ni-iti mi
imiiri'jiialil.', ;»!• iu» w »* \\-\i ov in- rh it a lar^'.' army \*tiil'l r-'liiiii
ill tilt' -.i.Tiii,: Atit'a-r .ii'fi.- iliy lM'*-t lian. lar in irr f.> U-
■ Irilllitl lil:lll I'll II.-4.' ««1 lioiN. 11 1 tll«t W.IS till- will! I' «ll|l|l!ii'>.
Ki«li w.t< atiii'i'liiit ill t ).' \;fi i-ir, aii'l ;j:>ii*i' ■• "il'l I**' ulit iiii. .| in
lilt' ni'iiintaiiis hat lii* rcjain-*-! iii->ri' iii.m tli.'*^' t*i I'n.iKI.' tii.ii in
M'aiiil a lii'ifi. aihl i-trii f.r iin-i.l i-miLI mily Iv pr K'liriil fni 'i lli.'
I'cK.. Ii'ialiiniir li.t i n'. r.' 1 ill" t iiiiiiiiy ..|i. a.i.-< to |Krai.l tin- i.i
cliiiiil him, ami li* m -a i.rf ralyt";."> .iliiT-vi'r In !<■ I. Hfl'.ri'
III.' " llrav.'.» ' vv.-ri' .'4* I'lIi^iUi't i*i t'l ir »*au^t'r -liiarli':*, th »ij-
iiiiihitT i>(* tilt' t'-rf, iviili I *ir.t.,; jtirfy, aM-i'iLlt.*! tii.' Oii^min',
all 1 iMH.v!il *.'Vi'-iI .(' tlii'ir t'l* M. Til* w 14 ii-r iin ti('«l v.>v ii;i'
ii|i Mil' liviT. I"ir u. hi I KPi'viiiKiy a- •••i'il>''l tir !>•■» i.l tli>' .V.ir..,
an. I ktii'W all th'ii pwlii >n*. Ilaviii;; ri'.ii'li.'l a ili'iiM, tin' Imuu
Him'.' < I 111 ill, anil 'i ' iiii'l- in ilt.vk "n ttii' iiliri- *i •il'tili'il ninl
<li'<|>.'r.iti' th.il 'h.. \| inii iifi iii< '«iTi' tali'"i liy «ir|iri»i: iiul ilrivi-ii
o'lt. Willi I r-.v .r 1114 jti •kt'.l iiif'i. In' (»i.}il ill .'In'rli a .*lr.iii4
li ..ly iil'l'llilli'-' . .1 I .'r*. vliii.' .>t i.-r^ li ■l|i-.| tlL-liH-lii-* ti wlr it
tary tvintul. W i.'ii 'In* >v i. .%< m ii;>l.«'i..i h.' n tnati'l, upr iii^
into till- biiu!4, 1.1. 1 pi**-'! .Hit iiii.i til' r:iiT mi'ii'ii III" »l u' iti-it
1. 144. It win II it »i '••Itli Iii4 .tppt i<-.it<, f.ir rvt'rv sli It tli.it liil
hi'-n litvl 111 I ii..,.ii Ml il, I'll III.' nrt.'. .1" Klialia-iiir« f.i»vii'k
liii'itiT* hi^aiii-' !hi' tirmr "f tliJ i«li >l'' <'hiii.-4i. amy. ,\-. 'In'
p,ir'y il -^I'l'n.lt' I til- r v.-r. It .%.i< 4 >»a nSiiii:* ili it in alarm lia'l
I n -pri'iil. nil that tli -v w la t| un' li ra'i tin' ;riiliill<'l i'
|il44iii,j t 'If t.i.vii* waiTf* VI mil* I'lri.i'i tr "ip4 w.'r.» 4t iiirtii...!. ili
ilravvini: n.-ir tin' Iir4', tit,, 'ii ii iiii l<*' *iva liin- "t" ti.i.it4 lill.-.l
witii III. .11 ptiHliin.; ."It iiit I tin' rii»T t i ni^ liiiii .ill'. \ ntrm*
ciirniii ,iii.| aliri'it' »• * in In* fivi'ir: t'liy i-arrii'l lii « npiilly
il iwii. an. I ill' .ir-l.Ttil Ir^ ai ii ii it I i tl-^' till tlii'y w.Ti' lU'iir ihi'
I'lii'aiy, thi'U til 4^^f.^•^l tlif t«.iM.»r.-.f l«>i*«, ami tin' I'lirn'iil
wiiiil'l taki' till' 11 pi4t In till* iM'ii'iiM .11. II'< plan na* i>iii'.i-^>tiil,
uii I his IniiI4 I'll! tlir laiih tli.- liii" --li i' lli • tiiin' Iii4 iii.-n ilil n.il
I'Hi'ip" 111144' It ht'il, 4».vral lii'i'nf w • 111 It-I ; winil inj fiirri'iit,
li.iiVi'VtT, 4IH1 I'lrriiil tlii'ii nit uf tliiiifff tr .in rhiii.-4i' iiii**il.'4,
wliili' ttic r.i4->.ii*k rti1i'4 4>k.i>-liiv rliiH'ki' 1 my lilting ^tiirils llii'
appr lai'li.il t.i.i m-ar. Tli ■ "'hiT tiiii* h-it |ia4«..| in tli.'
ni'.'iil, iia.l, in liitli- ii irv (lull a ' vk. Kliiliir.iir lint pr.i- I
vi^i'iiii'il I(i4 ^irri4<in .1 llii» t'^jn'iiM' mI* hi* «'ii.'iiii.-«. Sn.-li
» !• till' ilariii; .if thi4 mm, tli.il li^ftni' i»iii.iii,» tin' [H.<ipli'
H"a4 liki' llijit .it' .Vt'Uin aai'iti^ ai* wjiil in Thi' t'.i4*.ii'k4 nl' tlii» ''
Vi'iT'iaii 11 iv*' 'II itiy tr.iili'i in4 r.inrtTai i;f liiiii, ainl hi* iiaiiii' i^
rvir a-«.iii all- 1 \ i'li hi»l iry. Kh I'ur nT a'l.l lr4 liiiiiil h. rn nil
i. Ill' il trill.' III!' vvuit'p. .111.1 i4 larji- iMm.' w.-n- aliiiii.laiit in tin'
Kli'xik ti'hi r Kli 'Ti'iii., lli«-r.|i wit* ti-i lu'k nf provi^i >n4 Mr h.nl
,i|4 1 ».. "rr I 4.MII1' r'111,'114.. ill Iii4 ikTv .»••', wli» vi4it4-.| till* M .at.
<'iiil4' i.i«n4, anil intinn-ii li ai •>( tin' pn-p ir it i lan lliiit h.ti' j
l»'iiii{ in.nli' I'ora >i. .'1' \ va4t itniMiiirnt wu r iiii.iiir fi. Hxail
ilh'm. iinlir t'l.' .M nniii'l if iw i 'll-iiiiirnKliiil Miiilrhari in nlK- I
i'i'r4, u h.i |i|.| )ip.:riit4i.4l II kill "1 r4p*iiri' »-vi-ry tna-i ; -n vi'rtlii'li-4*, j
n I .III.' apik ar.'il ulir 111- 1. AH ! ul •■ml! i.-ii. •• in t i,'i,' |imi|. r, iiml '
I'.ilinly awaitiiil flit* •'\.'tit witii.ir rv.'ii «liM'<inliaain.» tln'ir hunt
ill;,' e»riir»i"iiiJ. At l.ii.'th III.' win'.f pi«44-l, ;iiii^«jiriinr n'tnrni' i, |
M li.-ii tliii 4pi. ft anTi'.iiM.-isI till' ni'ivi-iTii'iit .if tin' I'liliu^^e trfiiH,
ami lastly '•., .\pril, a t'riMt l»«ly if men t.-k up > )iiiiiili.in
Ih'f'ipi' till' f.irl. tti'liii** !t'^t(i^,li4« iMiniiii'V' .^l, tin* ircni'nil
• 11 iiii|.i'ii.t| tin' ^Mrrivin to •iirn ii.l»r, »ii'i j.Miniw! that .ill tin
111. '11 HI 1 iM lh> •xMiinl til tin' frmiirr, full tln-ir iiaiiiiiuiiilir
thrv ili'ai.iiiiliil a4 a pr *iiii*r. Ilii* uiM nM4Wi'nit isilli a 4li.*iit
of .Iftiaiii-r, an I uii i'.ital.n to roim- 4inl titk<' 'hih. i Ii<* U"
•ii';:rr4 (-"innirrrrtl tl.r ..IIII.' II-.. liai'i-r'i-«. hir **r» ., -t |H'riiii*tiNl
l.i iKT .iiip •li tliK 111 .pint. Kitali«r>i{ .{irianl .'11 tlniu » ili ' <•
I'l'iv Kiaall 1,'ini-i, wliilr tin ('iiii4ark4 pirk.il ..IV tlu' nun willi tln'ir
i*il!r4 \\ lii'iii.\iT lli.y I'niiiil ,..'i't witliiii Ian-.;.-, ami iii.iii\ h-ll,
llitll lidli' I'.iH |.i tin- ^iirriAiill. .\ittli.ll„'li r.-i ir.lril in thrii-
n]K-i-ati'iii4. ihi' 1..14 III' ini'ii wai nf litfli' aniiiii-iil In lln. ( 'hi-
iirtii' I'.iiniiLiiiili'r'i, anil li^ tin' aiil nl' llii* iiiiiiilN'r* iit tlirir
iliii)Hii.al, llii' uiirk* ;iitviiiiriil rapiilly. It vnm iint many ilavH
Ik I'nr.' liny ii'pliiil to lln' IIiis^I.iii (:iin4 with llvi' lini. « llnir
iiniiii..-r. llail liny Ui'ii an wi'll nrvril uiiil iminliil, thu
iitl'air w.iilil s.inii have Ihi'Ii I'liili'il. \n it wan, riit'li ilay
riiMn'il Klialiainiriil' . Ill" nr Iw.i of liin nn-ii, » li li- tlii. I...4 . f ihv
rlii'liiy »ari i-..iiHii!ii'al.Ii-. Thl-.i. mi-i-Lii liail p i-hihI. lln. li.iml>.iril-
iin-lit flill riililinilt-ii, aliil 1 i-iii'..ii'i'lil' lit.n «i-rr riili..tiitilly :tM-iviii;;
111 till' ('liiiii".i. niiiip^ hill lli.iit;;li till' t'tiHHarkH nimli' M'vi-r.il
4..itli.4, iiillirliii^ tri'iil liw»*ri i.ti tl.rir I'l riiiii'*. ii.i cri'nt mii-intaci'
H1I4 ^lilii'il. KlialiaP If iM'i' inn' tiuiiri' th.il uilh hin limiU'il
ri'v.iirti'H it «n4 im|Nii--iliIi- 1.1 ilrivi- iiuay hi-* iiiinirrnuii :i4..aitaiiti«,
ll.-<t.li'^ \i hii-ll. ht4 1111)11. .|iiit:. Ill wan Kn riiliirril, lliat hi' r.nilil 11. 1
l..i.u'iT n>i. hi". ;.'.Mi«, -.111.1 llii. riii-iiiir« wiTi' only kipi at hiy hy Inn
rilli-4. jMIi r slati'liii^' thin niiiipinl >irj;>> tnr a 111. -nt h, ainl li-.trniiih;
frnlll liif lipi'S th.it .1 th-i't .1' h.iiit4 \i;i4 apppiai hiiii:, 111* ih i-ati'il
liiri'irrat. Ili Ii-r.'. Iiowi'ii'i-, iilMnilniiiii;; [.in iHwitimi, h.- ih-ti-r-
laiiii'il to ifiii' llii'in i.ni' mnri* IrHnoii an a ri'iiifnilir.iiiii'. Ili* pr.i.
|»i-ril 111 linrii till' Chiin-ii' -amp, if half a il.i/.ii nf hi« t' -"•ai'ki
ivniil.l iri-nmpany liim. Tliia i';ill wan iii-lmily n x|ini.ih'ii to oy
all: hut till' linn ronpl.-il it i^ilh a r..iiiliti..ii 111 it ilii''rr..miii.tiiili-r
nliiillM lint Im- |N'|-||iilli-il In jnlllill t In' . \pi lilt ii'll ; iltni K.-i-a;:iT
lll'fl' llil-y tn ^. . nil thin lllIlL'i'rnll" rrr.iinl, tiiat ll.l' Inrt W..l|l.|
h.iii. Imi-ii itiHi-rti-il. Khalkirnll' ^i I. rtnl •ix iiii'ii ami iini* nt' hin
iitliriT^. aiiil a IlliTh ir. vi w .s .iiilt'r.il tn r..vv tlii'tii to a laiiiir in
till' r..rk<, all.. Ill h.ilf a-niilr . If. hy 11 liirli tl.ry rniilil appmnh tin-
ii':ir nt till' riirniy'n I'liiiip. Afti'i' ^fivii.i; tlirm liiiir l.i r. arli
i^itliiii 11 nhnrt .hntani'i' n( tin' tt'iitn, lir iii'ili-rtnl llir i;iiii4 In ii|m'|i
nil till* ('hiin-n<. fnrt 4, ami |i«.rM)nally Ii-il a Mirliriiiln tin* riirmy'ti
liiii'. whii-li ipiii'kly tlirrn till' whnir army into rnitii-i-in. 'I'liK
•I'l'iiriil till' !»ii.i'.-s4 ..f tin- rK|-iIil inn, ami \i'ry vn.ii tin- l>iif>\\i<r..'
•I'l-n ill ll iiiii'H .it m-M-ral illh-iriii |".int». 'lln' mhIiIi ii alia. i. anil
r'iiitl.ii;rali..ii nn h-Hililrn il thr l'liim>i' that li.r litili' parly
li-tpiatiil 1.1 till' Imiil iinninli-li'il, ami narlnil tin' fort in kulily,
tlioii;:li noinr nf till' iilln-r iin-ii wi-ri' w..n il.il in tin- Mirlii'. The
i-iinp rtiiitiniii-il hiirnii.^ f.r M.im. linii' U I- rr it rniiM U- i-\liii-
If iinlii-\l, ami in thr iii..rniii;; Kli.ihirnll ha.l tin' lialwtari i.ai of
•ii'ltiu' it liall ili-~'iinii|. At an lurly li-.m, tin- li.nil» •«!■
Inaili'.l Hith lln. i.'in:.iiiiii;: Ntori n, iiinl niily a fi'» mnitri'' 3
riniaiii.il at lli.ir |n«l«: « In n all wa* rr i ly IIu'm' wnn' with
■ Ir.iwn, ami th ■ im-n im nt i|..«ii tin' i'lilt'« In ih.- Im.it. llnir
I'nnitii.iiiiliT i-i-maiin-il in tin- f .i-l, ami nn^ tin- 'ant to tlrni-, m!,
Ihr rtly III' nti'p|n-tl on Imnl till' oirx wi'rr vip.r-ai'l; iim-il, ami
ilii'V wi'Pi' nunii out of rrai-li ..f lln'ir ''iinnii'n. Tin' t'liiin'^i', iti
li|4t, ilimsiviri'il ti.iil till' Inrt u.i4 ih'urti'il, hut Klinlninlf ami hi*
ii>ni|iaiiioii* hiiil t'liiiliil liii'ir v ^Mlami-. mil 1 44-api'il to .\lliiioiii,
Allrr liin titri'al. tin' I'liiiny ili-iii..li»l.ril thr I. rl. ami th.- ( hiiniHi
h ivi' n-maiinil i'l 'imli-iiirli -il pi 41 ..i. .n f..r mmi- I Inn 'Jim yi-arn j
Ixit -liinii^ liiin i-.tij pi-n-nl ih.' ilarini; iii'ti of thin r<»iia.irk h-.tili-r
;, iM- mil Im-n Inr;: tli-n, lor (raililinii liiit liaiiilml iIomii liin iwiiia
t.i till" prrx'iit riui'.
1 A fi «• yrarn «g" llH'|»iipli' in tli-n nrii;lili.airho<Hl iiiminiltinl
a inont air N'inn.* ni't. T-m ('.tllmln. mi^nmiurn n, III* la Itriimi-ni
mill ViTiiill, iiOirn n-niih-mi- nf •.nnpyiam in ililh r. nl parin of
I'limi. hail l-niiil lln-ir way into Maiitrliiuia. I hi-y \i>itiil many
..f till" tii«n4 in 'hi- p .rli f tin- l'ilr«iial I'jnpoi-. ami 1 n-riimnl
thi'ir v'ncalinii wln<ri.\i'i tln-ri- wan all iip)Mirliiiiit v "f iiiiik.ii-,; iini-
v.it4. It in mill thiit aiiiinu' (In- n..|lh-rn ,mi tin- iipjn'r |«rl of
lln' <")nt«...iri' ill- » Mi'n- ».nii-<-l'il, ami n iiiaiin- 1 « itii tin ir pro-
M-lytrn nnnii* t.i.i-. Ki'-nii tlii- .Mantrlinria'i imrihaiiln liny ai*.
ipiiri'il itif.iri nriai ah nl ihi' ililli n nt Iiihi.4 inlinliliiii; tin- haiii.*
nf lhi'.*>iniii r, anil h'aminl that lln' 11 Imlr p piihiU .11 ni-n Sluimin.
Iiili-nt on allai-kiiii.' Shaniaiii»iii in im nlr.ii.k-'inhl. tln-y ii.inli' tln-ir
wiiviinun till' I lii.4..nitri', iiii'l '-\i"*i'ini-il iln-ir ralliiiif nii nil lln'
tounni'ii tln'ir r'liiti', with w Inil min'i'ia I r.iiiiint ihi«, ■■ iii'int of
•lu' |HimIi' -iri' fll.i.H'l^ nf I'. niliirilH I In'V , hn«i-l , iirilVi-il .ll
iinenf till! tuMtu 0:1 till' lowi'r (mrl of thi' riviT ii .nil: loo lulu
UP AND DOWN THK AMOOB.
!<!»3
I.I ll|H'M
I lliliu'l
I'llU
1 l.l« WIT.'
;|i I. uriil
)Kir(y
ill >illitV,
•n...
l■^till•
.1. 1 1 HI III'
;it.. •(. •
».'lit"i»?' .'
Hill.
Ullil^
il.MTIll!.
-"1. .11X1
iiiCM', nl
iliii lii>
Allaf II.
I liillliul
I VI Mr« i
k'l....l.T
iH iiuinti
iiltiil
Itniiiuru
IMII-
limn iif
pro.
III! V HI'-
IHHkl
i llii'ir
lill III-
1.1 .>«
.1 .It
Ulu
Tlio ;i.M|i('ct of llic iiiiiiitrv I liimj{i\s i-<iiii|ili'h'!v ,it | 'I'ln' MiiiiyiiiiNiiiin, w!m ii\vi-ll ii|icim its liiilik.s, :iri',
Oii|iM ."^iiiiit Kirilr. Miiiiiiliiiii.> rliiil willi i|ii|..i' « |. liki- tin' ti'ililn'iiv lii-ifinlniits nt' lln' Tiiii;.'iisi'.^. 'I'liry
risi' ti|i siiiMiiily ; tln' miIIi'v^ tlmt i|i miihI in i ', .l.i nut sv«iii- lliiir linir I'ki' lliriii. Init lir iliiirs up in a
r\\rv lifiiiiiii- niiiii' (iinl innic nan-iw ; ai;i|, llu.illv, lln i.ul. .\h to llnir ilri-.t.t iiinl Iniiiics, lliry invrr ex i
ii;ivi^it'iir liml-i hiiiiM-lf lii'lvvmi Imir ilmjiis oj' uiniiii .iriilly mlniilril niiiiiy "f llii- riiMmiis nC tin' Miiiililiiis.
t.Hli-*. wliii'll liiii' till' two siJi s III' till' iiiniint.'iin. riiliiiv\ Tln'ir rlntlics ;iic iiimli' ul' I 'hiiicM' si nil's, Imt liny iiir
111',; ;i ilirii li'iil |>irallil llio mir li. tin' mlicr. '11. i- inn.! wiijiT; iiinl .s.inir ul lliiiii slill \vi;ir u'liniiriil.s iiiiuli' of
(liHi.iiil nil? tin- lut'lii'.sl, iiiiil :i|i|ii;ir to lir |iil:ilh I li/ ^kiiis (.f ii.li, iii:iiiiiy ilillvnl liutii (iilliiriil .■.|iirii'>
il.'|i| ivi'.l lit' w I. .i' viiliii.iii. Tlii'si' ij:ii iin'lits Willi' Will, ;iiii| l;i-l ii \ii\
.Ml iliis lii;li iniiiilry U |iiiMili;iily iiiiiiirk.il.il' i'nr 1. in; !iiii<'. Tin •■(• tiii'i'^ uir Hiil ii lilli\ii|ilLi'^i--ls. iiinl
till' |i|Mili^'i.iiit i|M:ililily I't ;,'lr.il iiinl lilll.' liv.-i-s, silmli liM' M.liiy nn li-li Tin y i:ill llir .VnnnT. tl.i' Mainlia.
ili'sri'iiil t'riiiii till' siii'i'iii|iiiliiii{ liiinlils, :in,| ,j,, (,, .-\\.|| ( iii ilii. '.'iili .il'.lnMi' hi- H'miIu'iI Miiiiilisk, innrlln'
till' nvi'l' nil li'illi oiili's. .\llliiiili;li ill.' Iii'il I.I tin' l.ak. Ki-i. w'ni.li r.'lnliiilliii'iili'i willi llir .\ liii.nl- l.y
kiltiT 1- iMiirli iiiirinwi'il, it iii'Vi'riliili-'.s r.mi.iln- n i wn l.ui^i' . iniMN. It is rx nlini lli:il this inlriiul Imsiii,
j»ii'al i|iiMiilily 111' isliiii.l vi'iTij willi -iiinliliii V. Tli.' hiiri'i'niiil.il liv waiii-, i- lill.il al tin' liiinut' iniliiilahnii,
viilli'V.s wliirli ciiiiii' ilnw II I.I 11 .- Links, all liiini,;li liniiliil iilni J{i\<'- Link i.i I In' iIm i in I in' iliy .-rn.-nli llir r.\i is-
ill .•\l"iit, I'liiilain sDiiii' I'xrilli'nl |ii^inii' lainl. i.l' walii wliirli il lias iii'iivnl. Ijiki- K i'-i is iil.unl
.\ll tills ii'ijiiiii is Itii.inliil liy trilii's .it' .M 1111,'iinfc- li'i'lv vir^ls in |ii,i.'lli ; il vaiiis in wi.ltli iitnl (|i'|.lli
sians, \vliii-i' villai.'«'s ai'.' sin. ill Imt niinn'r.nK. Tlii'sr ai mi-iliii;,' In llir .sim-hIi ; l.nl .il i lii^ |.i riml iil'nnr |i.is>in'j
|ii'ii|i|r 11 ■■■••111 Mr till' < i.iliiian- in tlifir inamn r ..!' liviiij; it l.ulli «.ir rnnsiiji r.ilili'. It i- "nl\ ^'jiaiali il liinn tin'
niiii .'liilliiii',; tlirinsi'l\i'^. 'I'ln v iliiivr tlirif rliii I' M'- I'.aV nl' ('asliiis, in tin' (lllU I't 'I'allal'y, liy II in*
.siiiiiirs I'liini till' .\iniiiii, wliii 11, Its it ii|i|iriiirlii.> ilic istlinnis al.nnt lil'tirii vrrsls in v\iillli. It-. Imiiks iii"'
iii'i'an, lii'i'oiin's liilnr ami ri.lni- in iliil'ii'int kiinls Irninliil l.\ .Maii.'iintBians. wlmaii' mainly nn ii|iiril
lii.lli 111' si-a Mini I'ivi'i' tisli. I iiiMi- saw so inaiiv Ml all « illi li..|iiii'.'. Iiniil Hi'_', mil (iini'iiiii'.' tills. Tin' sal.li-
inv lill'. Till' salnii'li, trniil, ami r.ir|i iiiiil|i mil ..till.' Hra>ils (. !/>/../. 'A/ /fiV„//,'/,,i i al.niiml In lln' llii.k \m....U
», til r nil all .-lili's ill till' iniiUt nl' m>.\in:; lianks nt' tli.it snir.iniiii tlir l.ik<' ; Inil tlirir Ini i" n..! "I .'
stllf^^iiilis uml nllliT lisjl wlllrll invili'l tli.- snil.i.ri.l' -ll|iilii.l i|ll.lily.
till' Wiili-rs, )iiiii|i|rini; liy ilii'ir nninli. I's a nni-c llial
NViis iMTl'rrlly lii'« ilili'iiny. Tin- .Xi.iikh- h.-iihIpIc s .i
i;vral aililirlal li.^li |ivi'mivi'.
r..\..n.| Maiin.sk, linlli l.anks nl tin' .\ni...r an
ii.M II .1 ttilli iniiiirmns Hull- linl> nl llir ( lil\ak', wlm
li.iM' l.i.n li > inllni in III \>\ tin- .Manlrlni.- llianl'!i'
llil.i-nl lill- liil.rini-. '1 II \ .111 aililirliil In lln- nnli
ami iinriilll\al. il |irarliri'nl s li iniaiiiMii. Tin rn>liini
nt' ITM n^luu' lilniiil i~ ii|i| I'M .iiiinii;; llii'in, ami I'lnali'
liiliili lily i-- inini-lii'il Willi ikaili
Nial nin n| tlii'ii' villai,'!'-, wliiili al.' ili>'i Inin.ili il
ill till' liiiiKl nt' till' WiHiils, Miiiii' li.nniiiiii'iits all' lin t
ulili wliii'li liil.int: In III. itliil' |ii'ii|.li'. anil ulii.li
|iri'\iiins IraM-lli'is lia\i' iniiili >|inki'ii almiil. Tiny
iii'i' itnali'il nn till' siiminll nl a lar^r im k uliirli
Ml ill.' imi ilia 111 .nllalnl Tlii' lilst nl'
l.< |ii'.M'i'i'il liirtliir, lli.ri I'liri', In'ri- limy ii|"'nl tin' wiiiliT. In II r
( .lliiwiiitf ■«l.riiiH. Mlii'ii till' ii'i' In- lill' 11)1, till V |ii'i'|iiirril to imi-
liiiiu' llii'ii jiiiiriii'V, iiml irriiiiui'il will; «..iiii' V.^itilni MuTrliaiil'-
llir :. |i.i>sii|;i' in liirir ImiU a< I'.ir ii< I hi' '. ill.i;,'i's nl lli • I i..|.|i
AOiT 11 viijin:.' .'I' •s'Viril iliijs llii'V II. III. Ill till' IriU', m Im r.'
oriviil llii'ai li.ii| i'iilil\ ; anil >i< I'.' Ili>' u'ni'l' s Irll lliiin. l')! In
Ilii4 I'l'i'i'sl all i» ri'i'liiiiily : lnU >\illi ri';^ nil In tlnir -il.'-i' .'
pris-.'. iliiiu'" 'I'is iH li\ 11. 1 nil' in* ili.. i'.i»f. I tii' Unlili inltinl thai
l!ll"»ll ni/.is viilill'.l tin'MI ni |S|I», il'iil li'Dillill"! r.tr II i-nll'^illi-l--
(lili' |ii'ii.Hl, Iriu'lliiii; I'l'.iu I'lii' vill.i;;i. In ;,i,iillii'r, .li>|.iilin„' » itii aiK.m
lill ir ■'•li;iiii,iiiH, ami asmiiiii.' llii'ai ili il tin' (i.i.| «li..in llnir |.ni «1 llir-i innliniin nt '•, ri.i I. 1 mi I In Imlilii - nj' I In' I'mk,
.•alliil I111..11 ill lii» Willi; I. "lill ii.alii. r l.i'iir inn iiii,w. r lii. ;.ni.vi'r, j, ,,„|^ ,, |,,,j. ^,,,,1, |,j,^|, |, j, , ,,||,|„.-, ,| nt a L,'rHlilli'
iitiil liial 111' liiiil nil ii.irti'1 III ill llii'iii :ii-.il 'ir i'mI, 1 1 r iiiin. ". i i i i i . . , ,11
lill . I 1,1 , .1 ... I ,1,1 iiiisr. '-niinniinlril l.\ in iiii',;iilai ml., nl 'Lw mailili'
sintiiiri. -, ii iippr ii'i it, Il III iil»'i h? ilnl iliat I lii'ir I iiiil crciiiiil till' i i ' i ■ 'I'l ' '
t.orlil. Iliiil rtiiliul liiiii ii.il iiiily till' «iri «..ulil mil %'nim', liiil sli;.'|ill'. Iniimli'il al lln' Mill t. Ilnli' iilv insi'l'i|i
tint It v.iiiilil 111' I'lHKt.iiit iviiiti'i nnl liiikm.s, AUn tlmt tlmis nn llil^ iiinniiliiiiit wlinli tin- aliliiinamll 111
.siiailaii tia.l Is. II ili.iii. I .l.ip ill Ili" •• nil, wlii'11.1' 111' I'.iiiM .\ii\;ik niii i'\|ikilln i| as Inllnw-' 'TlnH' w iis !i.i iiii'l Iv
1,1 >irri',p|K 1.1,11.11 .'Ml. a. I .11 nl 111.' ."liiinini, I'll, ■..' «. iv ,, ,,,,„,,|, ,|,.,|i, ,„..,| ,.i Umlillia ill llil- lil.'n.'." (Hi tin'
nlarllaiL' iixiiriini'S , lli.\ ..•liiiii-li.'.l llii- pinpl.', Imt ili.l ii.' , ' .. . i ■ n ■ .'
..Mivin.'i ili.ni 111.. Sliaiii.in .iiiil In, ,..r.vn liilil I,., ,11 ^r l,..U ^■■■<--'-' l';v.«"- ^'.''"' ''"' '"I""",- in-.'n,,ni.n in
.111 tli.'ir iiiiii.U. Mining' l.iUiiii'.sl I, ill I, l.iii in vnin, n.,' i;.„hI Cliiiir-i'. '/s.ijiin ..iii*v, |.ii.l.iilily w nl h n li\ an nmiln
t'lillii rs ri.nliiiiii'il lli.ii' jmn n.-y, iiiiil at liiiu'lli ii'a.'li.il lln' M.ni .iili i| I iinil. lin' in rnl'ilili'.'tnl 'liini".rL'l alnlii.it Iriilrnlislnir
«'"i">. "I ' ''I'.v iil»n tiiiil t.i I'.itiM'ri. riii'v iriinlli'il t'r.iii i,,,,, ,1 ..1i,mi1,| ||.,\,. In , n writtin tliiis : Tim iiiiiHi/ lnu/,
),'"'r"',",''''!''"n "•'"'"-; '•^,'' >;"•*'"""""' ''• ""■'■• ;>i-l«-'l '••:l;"'-' ,1„„ i, ,„ .,„, •• InM',l,itinn ..n till' (•li.l'.t.'is i.r Ki. mal
till lii'lii'l "I lln'p.npl,' III 111., piwi'r 111 till- .>>liiiiiiiiii, » hull «.. ,, ,. • , i i , .i i .. .i ,^
,.|,ni,...l 111.' i.n.M, lliiit tlnir Vi-illiin 1« .iiliml. I Im ' ''il''-'- Uli tin' nllii'l-nl.. I.' 1 1,.' 1. Il, w.i, tin Saliwil
Mi.iiji.iiis arc .1 .pint, iiinlliii.iv.' liii. , iiml I.l n i/|\ Ik- mi. raiinnliil |i|iiiim' "m .l/i/m I'miiiii i..n,wa^ iiis.'riln'il
riiiiiMil In int.. nl' \i.ili'iifi'. N.i|..iili.iiiiiiliiii; 111!' ilir.'iil- nt lill' in VliilMli.in liitiis. Nn si'ii,.-!' liii- Ml In.ii in.nln
jirii'stMiiiil lill' l.ir liny iti-liri'il, tlh'..' l,i';n,. nun ili,| m.i m.n ,,,' ,)„, |j,,.,.,| | , ;,|,,|;,| nni nlllii' plilas.' '"• 0|i ! ilialiinml
III nl.i.l lli.'v il.s'aiiil il iliilv i III. \ wiTi' Il iiM'.rr, l.itriil In liu.i' v i " . .i .i.:ii: , • ,. i » i:i. i. ,. Il..l.,i>
,1 .■ • , ,1 ' I 1 • 11 ■ 1. Nrlllllllliir i( »li nn>l I nlliiinl tt.lt.'V lllv I iiml lii'inw,
till' .Miiiit'i'iii'' mill ii'oiin.' tli.ir IiIh ii;-» ill iiii'.llirr iliris'iiiiii. I>r . ■ ., • . i i i t .'11
la |triiii>i'r.'amllii npain.Hi inl.'riil ili.. r..iii,li'Mi|' tin' liily iL-. ''I"" "' ' Imi'-'. Hiii J«>i>. s.l,.;il s,t„.l„l,.w,.l.; ; ' 1 li«
ain.iiii; wliiMii Sliair.iiiii'ini is 111.11'.' ili.'ply M<i|.'.l IImiii ill liny ntli.r i;ii il Tiiaii islilnls In, liamis nl li.f.i' cvcrx w Inn',
ra.i'iii Aula. In lint llii'\ iir.' Ijiiiilii'. .if tin' il.'.p. .1 .a»l, iiii.l I 'nun ii '-irnlnl liai'.illrl llni' tn tlic I. It is .il.sii itisi'lilii'il
•'^'''".>' I"'"''!'"' -ri'i'ry. Il.ri' is II,,' .nl nt' tin' Ar.li ,,,„ |/„„, /•„,/,„,•„,„ i„ rliiiii'vi' iiinl in Ni..Miliali. Tim
.*>liiiiiuiii, wli.ni' nrii'.ls il.li.l.' lill' pi'iaili' liv lliiir pnli inli-.! . ., i. i . .: , ,1. ..
, , , 11 1 ,1 I . . , I lll-i'l 111 Inlis nil I II' 111" it >li I W.'l'i- ll'liilll 1. ,s nl tllnsH
.'iii'iuiiiliiii'iils ami |iiui;lii\, .iiiil n\i'r Unir iiiii.ils I'M rl iiiiinniii'.! I . n i i • i i
mv.iy. Ni'.iTllnl." till' ni'-ii'iiiai'i.'s «i'r I iliiiniii.l , Ui.'. nn ll."' I''M ( I I.IM Ilils alwiiy - Inrml llnit ll«llt Itllii
cniiiiiii'iiii'il llnir lilsiiii- Hitli .'iiirny, mill .'XpLnl lli.' iinpnii'. i.tl iil'r nlilv rrlativi' I.l Mis ; in tliis ilisliim.' w.« till)
Irn-ks if llii'liiuli prii'-lsnt .><liiiiiiiii. «liiili sii I -nl Hi' iiialijiiiiiil nut In!. 1 ill what ilii'i'il inii tin' IfaMlli'i st I, nl' ill
l..,'li.i^..ifll,.' 1,11 tiT 111..! 11..'. iM'.ir ri'sl.il till th.vlul, mill I ^^|,,, ,|ii,'i'tii,n tin' In nllainl ml', an.a.l,^
llnir lIlllH'i. In pill llir "Ir.ill.'i'r* l.l lli'illll. I In' Inl.ilk- aillnl ,, , . ■. ■ l . I' . i .' ...,
Ilial tin' ili'iK.liia ml r »a, ,,'r,«'ll..l.'il ah.uiii ll.ur li.U - ,i. • '"' '"''"'"' """'"'• >l"""'"l ■'• ^' "-'"" ■' ■'' •""<
lln-i'iligiiiiiii nl'Sliaiiiiii. |. n i - ll'.'lii I In' lilst, aiiil nil tin' suuii' llin , IS l.illii.'.l
\
If
!
mi
r
i !
5 ii I
¥^l^ li
2i)4
ALL ROUND TIIK WOHI.I).
Iiy n I'oliiiiill wliiili ri'|M><."< oil Mil iii-t:i'^(i|i;il Iiiim'. Tlirsi' ;iliilii:il-i, |his.i'v.,,i1 uf iii.-mlililc vii,"iiir .iinl m>Iii-
Kivi> |>:|< IS lii'yxinl t|ii< llni.' is ^iiio||,i'i' Ijki' it, :in>l iilv. I.il In r iK I nii i mm ii|i>>it I lir mmw, ninl iirc'inplisli
l.islly, iiiiii'iiT mil' li liiiitr. risi's |.")ii I'ltliniiis nil' mi-'Mi lillit-u \.r-i, in tln' limir. Ilii , u lirt lillli' .si.ni nf
nil .•ilinipl iMik wiiicli iiilvaiii'is nitn llio liviT. 'I'l I'Viii vri>l~ « i^ i.^l iiiiirli ; lull us I <l>'|>i'ii<li''l upon
ItiissiaiiM ui'i'c iii'>{ii;iiiili'i| witli llii'si- iiioiniiiii'iitH mm I In- -miiiic aiiiiii i's to iMiilih't iiii- as l.ir its tin* l■ll^sl.lll
I'.iily as ill till- !*i'MMt<'ciitli rriiiiirv. 'I'll. if wasal station i-s|.ili|i«lio.| at tin' iiioiuli of tin- Siiii;;aii. I
that liiri", ill tliis |il:i.'i', II rli,i|irl «iilia I'll!, aii'l ill. iHil'.'iil il |iiiii|i'iit lof,'i:iiit lliiiii a |oii._' Ml'_'lit'> list, ."^o
.' tim ot |inlilii- iloi'iiiiiriiis nl:iliiij{ to Silirria. pr.- I ~t ip|n-i| ai Kilki, a < iil\ ik \illav'>'
M rx III ;ii Si I'lii'i -lMir:.'li. idiitaiii- a iii.iiiii~riipt 1" iiiii.,' I >//i .V"i'>//</" i' — Not « il listamliiiu' I li'' .udoiir of iiiv
liiilr 1' 7^, III wliuli it is Hail! "lliat tlir inlialiil.iiilsol' i]"-^, Wt! iliU aliiiil Imt slouly: wi'liaM' r\pil ii iin .1 a
lliispli.i- a-MTt lli.r at. II iriiiiiii' piii.iij. a CliiiirHi' tirnlili' ti'iiipist of .siiow. N'lii- tin' \ alli y of .Ma-o |
riiip. r .r iMiiH- liy » a to tln> Ai r, iiii'l in a ri'iiniii lint a li ml of ( lilvaks on iiii. way. u itii llirir ^liiluis
lilMii t liis joiiriii'y ill' liiil tlii'si' iiioiniiii' Ills iTirliil Lnliii «illi fi>li. 'I'1h-\ aio a kiml of i-aip, wliirli tlir\
M illi a lull atl.iiliiil !o tliilii." '■ It'll llliil'T till- ill'. .\ I Tm' till' Willis iif til.' .\ i r
A i-"iii|ili'lirii-i\ij aii'l inairiiiliri'lit vi.'wi^ oKtaiiii'l iiiiili- in om- coinin "ii l"-.l aKov " tin' ililla, aii.l an' iiol
from till- ii.iliii'.il plitt'oi'iii iip'iii wliii li lli.'^i' III. mil li'^.s tliaii tliii'c Viisls in \\ i.lili.
liH'iit.s \M'i'i> I'll ili-'l. To ill.' h.iiitli a ulo'iiiiy oil all of I I'/i .V"'V .ii/i''c. - -N'olliiiii^ can In' inoii' iiii'iit than
foii'st .slii'Irlii'H almo-l I'l tin' l|..|-i/iii, ttllli link No\.. M i 'li ii'..\ ~k . It i-. llir inil'IM" of a . illaL.'".
Iil.nks of I'l.k li^ill:,'olll "t' il li'ii ,iimI I Inn- ; «liiUl Tlir ('.I'liy a.s mi |h.~si.,^, s only f .iir Ilhsis jint-riil
to tlii> iioitli, upon tl ppo-iii- liaiik ot' ilii'Amo'.r. inin oin- of tliis.', ami » InUt I \\a.'< \s.iriniii;,' ami takiii;;
n tfir.it \.illi'y op. us. 111' 11111'/ I III' H.ili rs of till' .MniLrnii, my Ir i, I ipii ~l i..mi| my li.i^ls a.s In tin ir moilr of life.
nniii:.'illi, or Klimill tilliiil ii\ , liii.l w III II I'.liiis ill ilM I'lioy {..ai y roli,'IMlill ilnl tln-m^. Ims w il li li.n ilii.' coini'
nil III til a ill It 1 roVi'i'i'il tt il II a llii.k r ii p I'm/ of Iri'i's tu t-t.il.ii li liii-ni-i'Urs in tin' roiiniiy. Tin' lam Is tint
ainl sliriili>. Iiivi' In ill /rinii'il I" tlnni an- \. ry Inlili'. 'I'ln-y
Aliir li'iMii;; t'oll'.wi'i ll'i i'lial I'linl « 111. Il tin' .iiiin.iii' i' 'in ami xi'/i't iliirs »iili sm-i'i'ss. '|'|i,,. last,
Ainiiop iii.iki s in iliis [Mil of iin I oiir-i-, alii r li.n in/ liiii.^i w.is isp.'ii.iHy pr.iiln.i u r 'I'll.' i iM-rs |'iiiiii-.|i
cspl'ii 'i I III' \a~i I iki* iif I Ml I. lull II il III till' .iinplii ill. ill uiili ti^li •'ii..i|'/li In .supply llir m i jlil.iiin m/
tin ill ■ o|' « . .1. il lii'iiinlaiiis at tin- inlii'rni'Wt an/lo of iniiki'l- .\ml li-llv.l'i llii--i' .soiiiii^ of w rail li tin'
till' .iiiii', tin- I'Npi'ilil i'.n, wliiili ».' liiM- nii« fol liv .ini.i,'. s i|i'ii\ i'l lioiii tin- n n ij ii i.'ii ol I In' Ani'.or,
l.irti' I 111 llsj'iiirmA of lii'il'.' til 111 .'I "till liiil.s, airi\..| ml lip' llm-pul ..f li,n.ll'i> li'iii Ni.olair\.»k tn
at N k'll iii'Vsk.' SN lii'ii. !■ il ino.iil.iil for \\iii,a|>"ii Ki/.i, mikf i i '.ii-i li i.iliU' aiMiiioii Tin' liiis^im
ill llif «''.i o|' ••kli'il-k. .■ml wli'ii'i' il l.!iliiii"l I ' . mill.. mi. s ImM' r.inli i.'liil wiili iIhiii I"| lln- w I
llkill-k liV till' l.ili'l I "illi' :.'.7lill liilli-». ln'.i-.«.iry f..r tli.. >t. aim rs, iiii'l lln' po,| |'.n s tlnni
1 111 rnlil.li's for I .1. Il pill ..I li.'i s.s pl"\ l.lril illll ll;/ I li.'
' fivi' iii'.ntlis ..f « uiii-r. ,'«u. Il I II nil Ills of pio-p. i lU
VI, --I'l- 'llir. ',\|iHil;. 1,-iialil.' lli.hi 1.1 l.i.i ill.' fiiiM'.' «iili ronli'liii'i
Till- pi'i/ii-'S 111 r"|ii|ii-.ili"ii i' mill II inoii' iii.irk''l
W t ii"\v I'lim- to '111' • \\ 1 '1. r.l..uriiiy m I'l" l.\ Mr ,,| ',! n n.nnn ,k. 'rii- iv niv llnl.' In. |i-s lliaii till, .ii
I'li/iili. l-i,i ill '!!■/ Ill' lln. r .\iii....r, Ir.ni II- iii"iil'i |„,i,,|.. Tin. Hiiiall.-t il.'iaiU ..i |if.' nil. st lli.il l;ii>-iaii
to iIm' I'liitliii'iii. of il,,' .\i-_'iiii .ilnl ill.. I'liilk.i. i mm rs pill, •!.'.<«, ill i-ipiillty ill til i-.'/imis 'I'll..
'^■''''■"•" ' ...1 I . it Ml' Il iil'X-k >pi-. iil.ii.- in lir.iilini;' liois.'s.
Till- ii.iiiMln.' otii jo'.iii.-*- nil. I Iv i.\'i M'.iis ,.\, n, .,i„| -I,, .'p Tli.y Ii.im' toiiinl. In Inml lln' riil/i'
|B.sii|i.||y t, il „• pii-wo'|s|y i.-.oi'l.il, >.mII also ,|,.,, j,,,, |. , , 1 1,,' |'n . i, a \ ,i-t -I. ppr, h li..-.' |.,i-liir.. i.- ....
«ivi. .'.nv i I'.i I'l III- ia|.i 111 V of ill.' pr."/ii Si m.i.li- l.y ,i..|iil,,. h fiii.i,. iliir In nU amlllo.K- ma s|,oii,
l!ii-i.i III I, .' \. ill' y III III' \iii'. .1 I inn-, an I yi\.' 1. till' I 111. r a pniili ii ly lim- IIiM.'ir
I ipiilii 1 .\ ' -l..li'» k, sn , .Ml I'll... In I Li. on tin' j;.! » , i i, M i 1, nl. .v -k ami I'.auma'l-ki, I lin I «illi
l:.ili ot ' >. I , l-.o;, iiiii •.|."l/.•..^.. p "JH.M.Ii iMH l._\ il'./-, till. .• p. 1- nils «li'i w. II' i. iiiiniiii; In. in liiinlinu' I
, il II lit li'iiiii tlniii til .1 till' ii'iii 'I. . r ilo.'- not w.iinl. I in
' (li.r M-Mii.. Hii .Mlili'i.ii' I "fN'.i- I'l'iv lili.l. »l„i-.. ii.apl. sill tins.' i't\ as in .•^il..iia, Imt aUxav - 1 1 .i\ . Is
tl.«' Mi'.il.il I I'll rsU lli.'ll nil I'..' 'I - '!.-«. mi.l llii'riiiltltrx, uli II I" .11 i III 1. 11'-/.' Ili'I'l-*.
iil.nii ..-ri.-/. il .liil- '.II iii..|.ii.«s. JKiiia'klv .in.'T'iUitli l'."i-i j 'I'l,,, Ciiv ,ks r." . iM'l 111.' ..p.'ii . I rim .1 at il,.' \ ill ./'
'""'"■■ "111 "•I'^-.'.li I'll'.' Vi.-rai- ;•'"•■■"•••''■•■.•"' ',,f I •„ I ' Till' Miiii'l'i 111. I IS fir as tli.ir
li. II H'l 111 ii'« III rtiilili, mil \.ir\ n:,' Ir '111 "i... Iiii'<'li..i iiml lilii
I'l I I'l ;,.iii.ir. i| 11-.-. Ill ili-jiiii. Iliii lii'Mil liili' r.lls .111 111 .\ k-i-
1, ' \,k, 111.' c .'it il. (.'11. .' .if till. .\iii .ir. 'I'll.' I 11/ rti-il.r .1' MX
ill. 11. T" i« It Kli II ili-llilln'iil,lil|.| I'll, lil.li ' I 111 111 V.rli ■- III.' * AI- "ll I"" III l'< li.i ■«• M in. n-k i< th.' Mll.lifi' i.f I'lll, ll'i
H llr«l'r.l> iii.iiiTii.il |».r', n. iliii kI. p«»i I iil.t ivh Ik. nl-'i.- .1 I.. .\i|iii. X.ii/"''sl I.f Ili.'M. r.-iil 'i.s. »!.. i.i Ilii' linnli r<iiiiil li hIi is
Il n.. I'lirlv. Iii.st ii|.pT'.,i' 111 • at lli.'i'.i'i '.f tlrl-'li.-r, ..f 111- ili'-t ii«-m-ii'IiIi' li- 'in nil iin.iii'r- luiiu'iw" linn'ir., I'r.nii llir /lyi
|. . 'In. ill N.aiiiiUr. iiinl ~ uU iiji tin' r i.r, «'ii.-ti (•■r kIk Imi/ iiiiil II..' \ .l.l'.ii'.i, I _• lli>. ppsl ( t' .-ir rill' ». (liil.,v..l.«,
iii|,« !•. i.'io Vi."! «'..H-I iif II-., iiii.l ilmii,/ II _-i-i ill |i.irt I.f till- riiiiii III., sli'.i-i. Ill till' MiiiifCi. .k, nil. n'l wilii H.i- r I'm >, iin.l
~ 1. hill it j« iai| t'l I'.ir v.-»«. In In 111 '».' tV.. 11 llii'ir lii'».riiii.'s. I n- M iIil'-i'II', «''Ii H." ir iii'I/l.l"ii'«, Hi." li" ili. Ini'i.' •kni'i Irmii
i.ii ,11. iiiiil ..fill.. Il .1' 11/ nil...'.. Of 111,- .•..,,1 ii.liiiiliij. «. lini I llii'llii-.' 'Ill' -iiiil li '1.1 III. .\l mil liii iiii-ri-li.in's II Il"' Simii.
IV. r, 'I .111 II u I •', I.r 11' > |i rl |..«i r I mi mi Hi.' I' i- li.', n.-ir | /irm nn.t lln-iii uilli h iir« fi'Mii Clniiii, iiii'l ,1 i|'i.i"«.' Im r. Inn.;
MLli .-k. Il-i.-iil., .11 l,".,;riiilly:,.. II',., \li.-:ilt iiiirlii:.. i .'.I.I.. 1.1 li'irii-r ll'.'ir i" l4-Aiili 111.. Iiiiiii-i-s l.'rili.' |ii..iIii.t .rf
I «.-r. riM' ii|i iiiil'ii{ii '|'.l,ak iiii.l I'iim' IV"ii;ri' in il,-r,', i| i|ii< ; ili-rf -"I.. Sinliini »«. mlilii/.' <-iiii milv In- i'.i|..i..I ..ii llii.1
II .mil ..f til.' rn. r, iiti'l IV 'III 111), kill, r iilii,,/ I ... .. I .1. .n- I 1 ' .',".1, «h,ri. .iiiiniii. iiii'l m.-l '> i li.ir.n-ti'ii.li.' m, m-. I iln- likn-"
r,i.lrii.| |l.i\, ll I'ury |i"iiit Ih'«> .'iitiil 111 il.iii Wlii-ii I'l'iw.'i 11 111., ilirni/ liin'..r mill II Iil'iv M iiili li i mnl .l'i|iiiii>'
lti."ii ..'1,1.. I III wiili.lrivt till \i...l> ..f «,ir ll Il..'li:i'k ' .\l nil.' ..t 111.'..' niiii-'ilir ciili. r,ii|.". i.i Isll, m. ii i.l ii illLr.-''
H.M, i.l III.- I In... I.f til.' I I'l' Mir, mill «.. >. irm ilU i.iiiii.lnl 111- , rii'c iii.|»-.irisl, .iirr>iiiif -k ns I'l .' ■ I'nr Inni'i r«. I.iit lliiir l.-iiiirn
M.'li'i rniii all In tl i.r IVm. r. ..f Knrir.', .1..' kin'-v .1..' » i. i mil Imjii i.'i' .Imn' ,1 l!''- .\-iii .■• Ilia' H" v w.-o- ii I il.- . . n.l.'il
« |. I'l.'iii: .111 11 iiii.n- iiii| ".rt.iiil |n»U"ill, ii»- mil ."•I'Uli Hint v. i.)..-« h..iii any nf llii-a Inl..--. i in « Iniil li iwi'o r. prn\ i-.l tin in.i l\.'«
b-.lit UllI kJul H...1 VVlul. , L- -".I «.i.Hl>lll.-|l, lull l^llllisl llll. l!-tl1'lll ol till' rilll){ltM', Ulll.lll|<
Ur AND DOWN THR AMOOR.
4*^
\lll;i','c, rifinuiiii,' t'liii,..,,. Ii.|u,,r-s. ti, 111, •,■.!, :iii.| i:iill.t, iiii|>ui'i,'i| iiii .1 ili,. fniiiitry 7"ii Im.xt^ ..rcliui >|.inl~.
wliich llH-.v.>\rli;iii:<i> I'.ir I'ox Mill niirlili skiii-^. Tin... In iIm- iil.-. ii.'m i.l' r.ui^i.li'r 11 inn, .,1 ,1 iii^liiT m .l,,-. tli.-
<;ily;ik I'l'illiiTs wli'i livi-il 1111 liT till- >iiiii' liMit, iii\ 111. i 1 iT.i il iriiiiisls lit' l;ll^-l:l 1 ..mi-rr li. r. il' not t..
nil' ti> I'lii.T mil. (Ii.-ir liul I t'oiiinl iilMnit .i\iy iiil,i-,li, 1 nliMilutrly the ii.|iiii-..i..ii ,,r I'liin.'-r >|.lril>
|Mi|-s.m<.i-i' iiMi'l lli'i-.' ; til y « rr.' r,.r tin- iin.-i (.iit liilnili,ir \u-^\- piiivi m, iil nil .mmus to |,iii -x.iv
lriivi'll.T-< lil..' nnsrir,S;mM,'iis Mil I N.iniiliils, IV..111 111,. | il,|,. iiii|.,-,liiiiriit in tin- w.iy of su, li tnilli,-. '11,',.
Anicu'iiii 'I'll., iiili.ilii;. Ills ,,l' ilii, y-iium ii,,-,.|,i Imiu'IIis « lii,ii tlii, l,|-iii„l, ,,f,-,,iiiiii,.,,-,. ,vtiin,, 1,, tl,..
llM^sillll .1.1 llill IIImII is ,1 1,'.„1 -.11.1, i:i|l|.HV,-,| will, .M.lllllllllS i> S,l Jtl,.;,! lis t,l |„.rillit lllllll t.l |ll.>ll,,|„.ll..'
tll,. Iii'st iiilili'iii .iliilili..-, ill y \v..ii|.| si,..ii ;,'ivc 111,. 111.. tt||,,|,.. h wi> Willi liilliiMilly lli;it, I .•,.iil,l ..l.iaiii
|.\iiii|i|,' 111" I'l s i,.i:il \iriii,.,. if i|i,.ir j;,„.,| i|ii,ilitii's finin tli,. n iiu ,■< r,,|iv Ihmvit si<iii-t ; wlnl-i :i vin.^rl,.
M-iT*' Mill M.iiiiliil II,' I li\ ill 1! « .r-l nil t i|i.|il,iiMli!,. .M:iiii,-liii ,|.:i!ir ~.,|,| 1,,,. lull in ,.|ii. ,|.,v 'I'Li-^,-
,.f :ill vi,.i.s -.IniiilM.ii 1 ■„. I'll. Mint, -In nr ivli mu .M;iiii,liiis ruin lli,. ,...iiiitiv, l''i..iii I'nli.i .'^nii^.Mri
M-illi rtlimn lli.-\ liilli.' ,|.i lli.ii- Il '-l 1,1 i.|il,.|| iln lln-, lli.-r,. i, ,,ii,. ,-,,iinii \|ir.s',i,,n nf iii.|i;;n;il i.,n :i,MM,.t
mill i-vii. hiiiiUg' til,' ji.ist vtMi- iiloiii), tlieir i.,iis..ii, rs tlniii. The iiili.iliii.iiiis ii| iIi.mo ifgimis, wliu sic iluir
it'--'- --'-.7>s
DOGS ON THE AMOOK.
lirilliriMi nil i'.i.
ill,. |,i-..|.i li.iii
« II U lln-i I.
I ni'i. ii' i- "iiiiii,' « . I'l liv null r i.in'.r.iii. < 'liri^l i mi
III!
I-~I I, St I l.'ll I'.l'l II III. II II ill.h I.
« III lii-r l.ix '111 I 11. » '•> I II
III
I . I- III!
ll.lr
I'll"^!.'!!! Hyill|«ltllil'M lll.llllfc^t
.| I lirtn liv ^.iilllli I -. » lilrli 11
II .1 I . nil i-iiti' .il lln II' liill \.iliii', w li< n
iini'iii..' Minn
\li.i'il 1)1,. V II 111 II" 11 liviii '. mill "If" iii'i "I •'■"• " liiiiiiu'in." In t'"' in'iu" u.nil I Im llir r liili-, iri'.iii..lil i iiiiil tlnii' i'.iiiii:i,li-« »,ri>
III., iir
'I'l"
•lii't'li 1.4) In III
ii. •ii'itiiii-r
tH:i'.t lln, I- I'lili.liix 1.4 il .
«■ II ll->iiri',l ll.:lt
.1' il,i. Ml. i,'l
ir.il I'riiii till' ill i;rl''''"if i""' "( N.-n* '.i '"li 1 » "iin'l
I'll I I'lii III
111,.
II I'Vi'fV ,|ili','|i..il, li'lt ll'i rail'
1 hii' n » rmiliil )iv nliMi
ill- Ulli'll l|...
h-iM II'l* Tt;iii
' lii.n li.i.l i;..|
luriiii" «.
.•4 tliii III. I
hIiI I'Vir l.iki-
1 1 k
il lllllI llliv 111,11 |.r.\iil..| llil'lll>i ltr> uilli
lIli'V
,11!. I li' I'li'i'l, A I'l' > i>r tlv if ruiiriil,'« iiliiiii' III. w I 111 n rilli'« iiml ilr mIi"! tin. \mii>..|' iia lur n« I in. .11, wiiiv ilu.
l|)|t'4 lllll
I ilii' i|irri''iim I'hv linr l.il,i
U. U ' 'I'll u ,«
,|i«ii I'
|..|i
,.t T,
liiiitii'
ji.ii
nl
Am'"il' K» 'II"" ". I'.' II'' nil ' "11 mill ill llli- il.-llii'l. IMl«it . 1 »!<• Mi II |.i ll i.ins « III tin' Si rniiljii
mil lll'-y lii'%'OIM|.illlii',l nil 111!
II
uliii'liii.' Mil' »ii
11
till, k'li n.U, ,11
III :• I'l
.1 ..ii;,„l I.I 111.
il il t.
III.
y It iii«|
li«|.llV 111' I
.iini»i'
ri'nlr.l III i •laMi>lilll.> Il llinlllal frirllil-
r\ |iri»i.iir lli'V fmiiil ln'Munl tlir iViiili.r. •Iiin lii'l".i''i iIi.-m' "|ii.|iIi' |«..i.1i' .iml lli. iiiu l\i"-, ;i...l >|ii'ii| Inn
Mii'ilrliiK I' r lA
Mlinv fll.'itH.'" H.ll' li|''lll.'lll l'll''l> nil iM'HT- It p Ulinlinl. !!• Ill « IlIlT* Ml llll'ir ll
111 till' ^llltiil if |s|| llii\ Wrtlt
i.li. 1.1 llll'ir t'nifii
Till' l''il.'« "II 111.'
wliii li.iil «it;i llll'ir frii'iiil'. Ill I'lil J ii^ir llii' f.iir ili.
l1l'« lllll III!
mI ill III' uiirii. .nil', km V il.ii .1 ll ^)i-ug iiiiil l.ni'il l.il ur in kI,
III |.rii'«>l>il iMiii ti.t' Jii|i.uii>L' li.iilif 1,1 luUliiiili.l
•J06
ALL ROUND THK WORLD.
wf cnn*t<l«>r the forrp of long ha)>ita. TIiiih oik- <if th*
thni> tiii-tliri'ii with wliciu I IihI);«-iI tiiul, in onirr to
conloriii nmn- i-Km-Iv to ltii-»iHii iii^iinii'i'h. ii-ijoiiiiivd
nttiii^ ilii^. " 1 am a tT""*! Ituvmii. I niii. " lir Hiiiil,
" I l«> not mt <log likf Jill- otlpi ri" Mjiv iIiim ron-
o-ai^ion to tlit> iirvjuiiiccs ul hu ni.i>i<'rN In! H|>|>ivciAt(*(l
u it iliwrvea t
If the conduct of Hunia with n-Kix-rt t<i the Ciilyiika
Httitcli'w tlifui clorA'lv to Imt t-xiim-. it is lit llir xiinio
tim:^ a Kiiliji-ct of rxc(«<iiii^' »iii|imw t^i ino^t nl' tlirni.
I hitvp ni'Tf tliaii once htimi tlirni iiii|iiiii-. " llnw
in it timt tlie K'liKiiitiis of tli<< |iM'M'iit il.iv ii> itiier
opiMmr UK nor kill n» I" To a|i|<r<'<'i.it<' ilicii !iii|iiii°iM
it miMt In* known that trolition hit'. |>r('-« i viil the
memory amon;; the (Silv ik* "t tin- ili'|>it'tl.iii<ih~ iind
vinlcnot^ (-oiiiiiiittt-il l.y ihc timt Kumiiiii riiv<.ii'kB
agaiimt th'ir i«ii>'>>4tora
Winhiii^ to ariivt-at MjiH- imk li-f.-n- tlii- .|f|i;ii tiiro
elf thf ({ovfiiior '<( llw |«r>'viiii-. who was iil.sn iHiiiiid
ihillii'r, I i'Ii;;ji:;i-'I tv»o slnt)pi> tor tin- •iim n| niiiiti-un
iliitli'Pi. on oHi Liion of the jt>iinii-t Uin:; |i4'i'|iinii<<d
III H ^;ivf!i iiiiif Tlif luf.'iiii CUM liiiJiMJ. I li.i'li' my
hiwt t'.in Will, itii'l aft<-r li.ivini; lilt llirm h i;iHid
■m|i|ilv ol toUnni aixl tm to wlii< li llirv air I'Xiiriiifly
|>iirtiiil. I ti"* '"•" '"*' '''""'C'"- -^Iv <lo;^ III. nil' siich
^iMxl u:iv tli^it I WK* not Ion;; ii< pmi'Iiiii^ » nmikU
I'HUil'li-liiiK'iit of tlir iiamr of Irkut.^k. 1 nut the
({oviriior on tin- way tr.«v.-lliiig with |">»t lioiwn (««
II. .')_'i»i. lint my lijjht ij.^^ nl.-.!;;.-?! •oon li-ll him iTJniid.
liaviiiK thus no it-si-um tor lniiry. 1 )i>>t imiI iiimI went
to uiiiiii mVM It' liy the tin- of a ffii^Mili hill I iiiiidA
a Atill li>i '^fr Ktay at a |>i.'«>- nill<-<l Aiir. in "kIit to
imt my il"j;it Aur in m.o>»ii.-i| for it.i hn-cil ..I' iloy*,
'I'lu'y »tv uny. ull. w«-ll Kli.iia-*! «ii<l li;;lit ••! fmit
At »hii« (iliui- ul.««i I hntnl thf i.".!!.!.- < ipl.iiii luttn!"
of the Miilitchiiii, who (J<>|«>ll tht-m with ihr lliont
>H|ioiiN i'ynii-i>m
My next Htak!** «•*'' Ma<U aii'l l*iil/.i. m1I;i:,'i«
nitimtcil, Hjt »iT<- all t)i:tt I li.t<i ni<-t hiii>'<' I l< II
NifolaifV>k. on th«' ni;ht lank I'f lh<- AiiKnir, I linh-d
with |(h'HMin- 'h*- vilUijr of Slit. h. inhalutiil hy
KiiK.-<ian ('oMi>.iik» Hiul I am«i-<l tl.r r^im- i viniii;; at
Maririmk.
Wli. II 1 infoniml th.- iBN-i-le ..f this |>la.-<- of my
illt4-lition to aititini thr Ai'HKir. th«- pfj-i't was tic.ilid
ai) iiiHHiiH. Till- ni'wt .■x|«-ntii.-.i| .hvlir-.l that I iiniid
not pniciiiv fcNnl |..r t.>rty .!■%:• that tish w. n- aaiiliiiU
in m-vi r.il (Kirtion^of thf ri«vr, that it I 'liil not ilir of
hiinj!«'r, I iiTtaiiily ••hoiil.l of ,-ih.iii»tii>ii . ami laxlly,
that if ! Hiirxivifl tli» oihl niehta ot wmlaT, tin- miow.
storiiiK WMiihl iiM ii'.iMy |tiiiii>h iiir (of my r.i>liiii-«.-«.
Hut niv n'M'iMiion wan nia<lr. ami no oli|iri>oiia
Win- of avail Ul nt.tkr nir ail«r lU I i«iiK|M-<-ti-<l thn
>.i.li.iliiii, « In r.' ..!,• :< tl.. ni .U.i. Tl.i- .>th«r» iii».l«- tl.< ir way
to iliiniKtiTii r .ul. ai.-l. aflrf a >|j\ < f K-inr luniitli*. Iiivl tlia
iuiii<l.ulii>ii ul vtiii.- » ahip aitcbor oil tlir t-<ia*t, lirariii.- • tla^
Mitli the Hum ml «tn|><-w A l>>tl • • r«-w, Willi tin- • .iptaiu,
lnii<l)-il t<> <>l>t.iiii |>n'Wiiiuna, ai><l wrrc aat.'iiialnil at Ik iiig
iiil(lrf"ni><l in Klii;li<h hj ao» <-f litr rxiU* ali' i'>iaiiii-<l lit*
|h:<iIiiiii, Aiicl rr<^imtcil a pa>a:>.'<' to any i<la<v wlitT' in- iikI 'ill
ctiiiiriHic ini.ht liiiii a nhil' (• r K>ir<'|e Ttip LiiiJ li«-»rt<<l <«v
man iimlantly O'-iiw-ntnl t<> t.akr ih.ifi oii )>i>r.l ami Uinl tlii'in
ill AllltTl(-.1. iT riM tirrt.-r «if>|«^'ini1>' >• '• r««l <•( nrlitlilu' tlirlli to
I'"iirf|-i- . lint In- mfnrmril ttiFtn that hr ««• >n \iiii-rii .«i « lc.»!ir,
aiii! u lin aliip h.iil ii- t brr full <af .-■ I', it tl- V wmilil |iiiliililv
br ilf '.'lyil iK'Mir iiintitli* >in thr t- .a.-* I • ' |it hi« wuril . aiiil
• lii'ii !;•• |iiit tliriii itn •lor»- m.uU kf-an i .ir hi*t>>ry ti. hii
riiuiiti\ii!<-ii. wliH h ni itMl t» th th» ir »)%•■■] all.- aii<l i.fii< m'lty.
1 1 II vi-ar* .tftrrwarda ..e« i>l' tlwot rrw Knl Tarit ami am • i<v>lui|
ID inakiiij liuuwii ha •■• <»« tt kt i. n hirVi.iia K vi4liia.lua.
\| iiilrliils, lii-iili-n, of •{niitly oXilgaiT.itiiii.' llii- ilatiL'iT
III (111- loa 1. ill iii'ih-r to iliwoui'aui- llic <'\|i|iiiali<i|is nl
^ll-aii-.'i IN 'I'ln ir i'ii|iii||ly i.t alarim <l at tin- i o||l|lu-^t■.
III ri\ lii^ati 11 , ili'V vMiiihl wi-li to <'-><-:i|M- frunitlii-
il'IIIH of liiix^ia. wliii'li in- ili-u lioihly ^ta.«|iili^ thrill
»itliiii lii-r i-ml>ra< ■-. atnl wmi ■! mmiii olili;,'i- tliiiii to
liii<".;i> tlii-ir lull-.; |ii art iM'il iiIhim-k a);.iiii«( tin- |mii|>Ii'
ilwi liiii); ill till- valh-y of tin- Atiioor. Kviry ttiiMlhr
u liii |ii>iii'li'.ili's into Miiiti liiiria i^ali iulvaiiriil m ntim I,
u'lioM- iii^.iL,'lil into tlii'ir iiial|ir.i<'li<'i-'< tin v ilii-nl
.'ll'//» ii/' .V .i-.;;i/./-r I'mij uiatlnr ihl.niiiil im- tin
li>ln,'iia>- 11 M.iri. ii-k ' lliiriii am > ol -iiow liaM- falli n
.siliri' tin- L'Ui.ainl at tin- niniiii lit of iii\ i|i|Mitiii(- tin-
ui-allii-i'. uhi h hnl rhiixl ii|> ii littli-. tiirin il to htm ni
lL,'<llll Itlll I WIS ill li rillllii il Imt to ^m- ll|i. Mil
-III till Mllji l.iiic hh-ili."-', lllnl lour llniIl|l->' |ini\ isiull-
It vva.-t, liiiui'M'i', with unat I'^nihli- ih.ii I ria<'h<-il
liiillii. wlnlT I olilailn.l iiua-tii't f.ii the tii^^lit.
Ili'l Willi Ki/i ami (i\llli, II .ll-la^.r of lii'ii! orililial'V
|iii-t Kliliiiiii, till- Miim hail falli'ii in Muh ;;tt:it i|iialili-
lii-.-i that Ml- Will- ofti II liiiiii-i| in it ; l>i.t inv ilo^^hWin-
a< rlisloliinl to tl'iiiiii|iii ovrr hliili ol•^lal li-x ] Koiiir
limi's Kiiw (III- w holi- li-aiii ilis)|i|Niir from licfori- my
I'M-H ; lull KOOII lltl IIMll'll t-lliill liroll^hl tllttll to till-
-uii'liit'i- ii^'ain, uhi-rf tli<\ tmik hir.ith. nii I llaii. w itli
:i -^ll'oli.' |iiill at lln> loll.iix. ihii rairiiil ■ ll tin- ^l• ili;<-.
I'liu skilful maiiii-ii\ re li'liiimhil tin' < f a -u initial rant
aiiiiiM:,' tin- u lUr-i of tin- iniali It rri|iiii<<l, ilnli ■ ij, nil
llii' ilill'i |iti|lly of tlii'-i- liIMM- iiliili aU. IK uhiih I had
|iill my llll-t. Ill |>|i'\i'llt lli\ hat 111^ t<i liiaki' thr Itc-t
III my u.ix liark a:.Mili hlaili tilin- that th<\ |i'ii;;lil
I ll ■ir Hay so i.'-.iil.iiitly out ol tin- Mn.w tin ir i'\i h hIihIii-,
mil llnir ».ii.'i.'iiii; laiU Miiin-d nt i ti. •- to li-tify to
I li'ii' ai'ilmir, ami to tin- inililr |in<li- uhnli tinx- frn-lidii
if 111. Ill I ikt- ill wiA iiiy liiin.
/(.. ,„'„,■ I. -Iijai IH a |io|>idoiiii villaoi-, hut nt ihi-
iii'iiiK 111 if our iiri'ual tin- ini'ii had i'l.tn- out to hnnl
lii.mr. Tilt- only |iii -.uih who had ri'iiiiiilinl I ■ hind
win- till- uoiin II and rliildntl. and H fi'W Maliti Im < liirik
1 .lii.t U-f'Ti' riM. ll •!;; It'itn-. in ji-iiriw\ in.- ii|ii% iiil«, tli<
\ni -ir il>\ 1 Irt illtn tii-iu-r-'il hiiUu'l •-« t.iul m-«* lal ftiniili i Kiiinn U
I Illi* I't' IIh- l.ir^i- atri-.i'ii* ttirii* tn IIh* n^lit. mnl J4i.m« tin'
wli i.-i- III' till' •Itrr ; n li-n lliili'. t'llitln-r I* tli.-ii ^ rwlin- tnlli* l.aki'
->r Ki'/i-i', Oil tilt- |i>ni-r .i>ii'. mill at a klitirt ili-ti«twt' finiii tiit>
Milt. i< .\I.U'nii-k |>iri, ma- "( tin- nn »l ini|> r*aiil >'alii>ii> tluit
I: loia li.K |i|iiilii| nil tilt* Aiiii^ir. A l«tiii» Im* Utn tntlt^l,
lll.ll i-iiiillimil<U Imlll tin- ri\tr ami 11. r rlillal.i' In llli. iiiUihI
|>iii. mill 1 'ii«n i. r.i|'i'llv fi«iin{ I Ik- it Iikmi ronn ' In .tiiimir
i. ilhivi' II I' tliinl lit a null- in witllli. Im' xttial >ii .ill nlmiil*
iiittTr<i|>l till' I .i*«.i|;i-, II iiiti-riii^ tin- iiati|r«ti--iiilifli. tilt . H«t*iiiii-
tu^ It lil, li-i.M \iT. I'll! i itr llii* 11m- Ukt' i» dl*-ul twti'it tttiii
inili'^ lull.-, ami ila ttriau«l uiitth ib Itirit it ilia, *mt il Ui-- iiii-«
i'-tto:ili-r.ilil_\ ii.ii-r>i\%i-r it* it i \li-ii(U to lit.- «- .twiirtl. A i Imiii if
iii'iiiiraiio, u litrii iitt.i>>> a niionlifiilil.- i-l* t«ti' ii, riit>« .-il< ii;: t'%
• 'iitlii'iu »li'ir<', nml iiiniiiiiiii'v in t''i>tii<'« Hm |«li'<h i* iilti
HI iti-tv irirartli-tl II* liki tv III In- IIh- |<.irl til'iKr Aii-i«-r a* it i> nnh
I ir lli'i-i- niiMitlii in llii- niiiii-r lltui t.-.««-|. tmulil U M-<lfl ii|>
111 rt', f\rii if r.niijiii in tlit- ni : ii i-iri un •».ii..i tl at Mniilil ran-l)
li'i|i|ii II .14 a.iiliiiu II il)-i;ii-«- '>r lai> furtlt-r «<iiltl taLt- tlir »lii|i
I '111 ll lll'ifi- ift'iii.il t-llulilv'. Ill tl •• rluin t'l liitnilitailit nl lat*
nii-iili<iiii-i|, lilt riiiiiiiii|; iilnii.; tin- W'liilnrii •)i*-r« if tin (..iLi Kiitt-,
lilt- HluT Ai Ilia ilt •mil- f, ami iillir a iiHir-t-i I i<ar twi.hiii.iliiil
iiii'i-< |iiiiii-< ll i-'iiKiilrnlili- halt if «4l>r till' iIm- I..ki- . a an all
I'li.Kti III' liilU i'\ii-iiiU .iliMi;* till- ti*r*i.rii aitb-. aiitl i iiiiti-rniia
iiiiiiiir •triiiiiia Mini int. I till- U>.i ". I.i'li alioft-a. 4iiil« iNiiitv
III ra nl' lli;.'ll l.lliil llitir^t-ln- Ut«.an tha* ia**l-rtl l-l>il t.rtlli
Kif.-i- l.iki- lllnl till- linlt lit' J'arta \ ii_\ rr *aiti|( «hiili Ittt-iilv
mill'. Hi' atlllil .11 a 'll .1'. |i|i .aitl' 1.1 |Ih> lalitil i.f ^»^■.l1ill, llu
ll)it>ri||ii<l lif till- .1 i| ..' KI'Klll ll ia tilay In a<<> that t,
rliilini'l lliriiili'll tlli'M- lilIN nntllil la- tavalll.i> It- |i lliiula, aa
vl' III/ till- u'"'ll i-llM-liat- III ll iiiiot la- int-tifrt-il III *-« II I at rut till.; ■
r 11 vin III' llti\ llirw- iiiilt-a '111 r ■« tliltirall oaiutrji foaii Miririak
-••-■- Ujr.
UP AND DOWN THK AMOOR
2!>7
T hail ;i jiriMif ill tlii« \i\i\pr nf tho rnro tiik<>ii in watili mir
l>rcM ■'(■■liii^-..
All ('iiii>^;irv lia<l left (li:il M'i'v iiioriiinu. <'> .iiiikiiiiki'
■ iiir joiiriiry. till- iifWrt lit' wliii'li li.nl lii-i-ii tiaiwiiiilti'il
friiiii (tiiliii liy mil' III' liin ciiiiiitryiiii'ii. 'I'lif linlilhiiis
tolil iiif iiflfrwanU lliat it lias Ihtii llic miiiiii lliin.; at
rvi'ry jilai'i- wlii'i'i' I liail liallril, ami that tlii' aiitii'>rji ii s
III till' I'^iiri, iiml III' till- Siiiiiriiri, nvci-c waiiiril iit'imr
H| |iriiai-li liiii;i Im-I'iiit our arrival.
Tilt- last I'stalili^liiiiriit lit till' (lilvakM, iiii asniiiliiii,'
till* Aiii'Hir, i-> Ailli, iir A'l/.i. a villa,'i' nf til'ti'i'ii liiitn.
{i larli III' ulili'li at |im>I ••i^'lilci'll |iiisiiii-, lii.|:;i'il. 'l
i< till iiiiiT' iai nlitli' lit' till' Malit'lilH in tl.iir
triiliiii; triiwh'iiiiiiH uiili tin' *iii\ak-i ami tin' I inlili uis
It is aUr iliiif tli.it tliiir iii|iiJily inaiiiCi'^ti ilHi'jf in
nil it^< liiiloMiMir^-. Hut till \ iIm iixl sjiiTiihiti- with
lilraiii;rri ; llii-y iiii'li r^t unl liii-iiii >- miiu-Ii liritir 'liaii
III triiit Willi tli)-iii . 'Iii'ir mily ii'>|i'< t is tn ki'i'ji tlii'iii
nt ;i ilislaliri- trniii tin' III irki'l. ami In liiilr tiji'ir |ir'>
r.i'.|iii'»- rrmii tlii'iii, Wli'ii I I'Vi'ii waiitcil to Imv u
hull' lisli I'm my i|ii:;s tliry asknl iih' tin' imi>t rxtiava-
j;aiit prii'i', in nnli r tn nh|i;;i' im' In ijivi' ii|i my jnin'm'V.
I.inkilv that I -ciw ilirnii!»h tliiir nhjiit ; I hail a will-
liiit'il pnr'u-, aiii| I siilimitii'il withmit a I'mwii ti tln'ir
•xartinii''. Tiny Will'. I nil- tiki'ii ahaik at tin' ^nml
liiiiii'iiir with will, li I ill. Mil my sill' In III' Iji'i'.iil At
Ailili, IS ill all till' nllnr \illa^i'sui' |i.i.| |i.i^-.i'.|. ih.'
fiilviks WiTi' lilii-l hii'|ill.ililr III IIS ; wi' win l.i lln m
tin- jiiniiri'rs nf a i'i\ ili^ il mil wliirli will nin i| ly rnl
llii'iii III' tin- a\ iriiinii> M iiil' lin-.
t lii.i' Imm.iiiiI Ailili. I t'liiii'iil iiiln il iiilrv nt'
till' ( in|i|iaii>. ' .1 |H'ii|ili' 'I 'riiii'^iiM- nri-^iii I |ia-^i'.|
I i|iii||v tliriiii'.;h tin' \ ill.i'^i'S n|' K ih.'a ami Ni:iii','i,
liili'-ti'il Willi Maiili'lias. ili'.iuii tlnii' liv tin trnh- in
hi'avir .■.kills ; afti'r tlii'in lliiTi' is iinlliin;; hiif •.'li-aniiiK.
All.T |ias.<iii^' Ihf imiiith nf the (imyn, I .iriivnl at
Ki'iiniii, wIm'Ii' ,1 lat.il fi'MT r.iu'i'il, ami wIhim' ravjiu'is
r.ttiinli'il as fir as ihr .<<iiiiifiiii. Yrt ihi' villai;i'.s tjiat
wi'ii' illssi niih:iii',l alniiu' this Ini.'t nf .•ntiniry uli' |i<i|iu-
Iniis, ami ail' siiiiali-.l in ii-^iniis nf ii'inalkahlc li'i'tility.
I II still hill' fill- Ittn ij.iys in a viil.i;;!' ^llllat^'l| at ill i
I' 'hnftlii' liixir ."siiii;;:iii, I oliliiiiii'il snim' \;ilin'il,>
inrnrmali.iii in ii'^'anl in tlii.s liv.T. In winii r limi-,
hy as... mini:; it with il..:.' slii|;f,s, I'nrt Impi linj i-nii !..•
ria. Ii.'il in si'Vi'ii iliys. 'riiis |iiiit, kiinun aNn hn
Ifaiaiiiiit I. has Imi'Ii takiii |ins.s('ssiiiii nl l,\ ihr linssi;,ns,
whn ha\. Iiajitisi-ij il |,y tin' iiaiin' <>( I 'iinsiiini imn ,|(.
'» -I" '■"■ liim- till- iipiility nf thr iiiiiiiit n inhis
iia\ i^ialinii inni'li imi^i'i- ami mmli iiinii' ilillj. nil. |
iml at this si. It inn .'i Cliilii'.si' Imiihalit, W lin asli.nlshiil
nil- hy his ii|ititiii|<i I'nr laiiyiiii«is hikI .siill mnii' sn
hy till- ti'iia' in ami tlm in;;iiniity ttjiiih hr ili.s|.|aM'il
in his iiiihIi' ,,f >imly lli' awaits thi' |iii.s>ii.jf hy ol
IJilssiaii traili'snii'ii ; hn a|i|iina(liis ihilii. aihliissis him-
si'lltn (hi'in. ami l.y i.'i'.siiiris, « hin hr r.inmil iln ,.||„.r
«is.', hii rrsniiiicly I ima'ji's till- iniiM I'satinii. aii'l ii.sk»
'In III I'll- a h'ssnn nf ;,'i,ininiar. nr tin' i'\|i|aiialinii nf .1
ti'W wni'ils, ami taki's ai iln- s.i iinii' lanfnl imti'S.
•J'lt-i 1;/' />ri;i,,/„r. -'J'jii' xillaiii' nf Mill is sitn.itiil
in a must )iiiiui.'s,|m. |,nsiiinii, ai ih,- 1,,,^. ,,f ;i rWiY,
iml h.iviii',' ill finiil a Iiiri,'i' lakr. iiil<'rs|„i's,.,l wnh
isj.imls iiihil.it, ,1 hy Cnlili.in.. Thi' mail hail hi'rnino
i|Miti' liM|iiai'lii'ahli' mar this silhiyr. i( wiis iii'i-rsMirv
In |i:is.s alniiy a lialintt anil stc'.'|i hracli. cnMI'i'd with
'•>i"l' il» III is-i's nf i,|.. On arriviii;; lit Idiliii, I fmiml
till' villa^i' ih'.si itcij 'riic iiiliiiliitalils, trnilinl ill lln'
|.ii..,<ri'ss ,,f ihi- jii'siil, .,!,.,._ hail laki 11 rifiiL'i' in tho
' 111!' U..l.lun» |ir.iti'sii till' ^tii'tiiiii rris'.l. 'l'lii'_\ itn* n liiniiiii;f
l<i...|i!*', ;t »ti-|iiii iiih .III I till* lisiiiiij trilii'4. Ill M'vrriil nt'ilii'ir
tll'.itf.-*, Iii-m» ili.l i',i|*|.-« .iri' i)'iiii.'*lii atril; I 'ml is. lln* liirill T .trii I
luisiiiiiti sl.itisl II M'|Rir II- iini'l iiriiis, l.tr nist liki'.i |h'ii|'.ilif wiili '
wimili'ii piliii.'s ws linsl .it Ilii' t-.p. a.i.l till' l.ilIiT .ir.' snuH'tiui -h ,
III ratfi-ii, lull .iri' a«ii.ilh I'lij insl t 1 ;i st.i ii|i. I'lii* Uiir t« ln-l.l in j
jfTi-at M r.ili.i-i liv tli-si' |» .1 .1.', wti . It sl.i.v iinlrli rurr III! Ill 11;
hi> ilw lliiii; !• ki'pl I'l.'iti I .il 11.' i< it.'li II' I III sli.irl, il iitiy In'
•aiil llui III* l<'.iiU till' III.' it I i:i'iilli' 11 111. liviit.' ill liixiiiy, :ia I
nis-.viii^ ('%1'iy nlti-iili.iii. Ittit iit LiKl, itiili«tllisiiiiiiliii^ tito
niil'-urnii; I'tiiilii'ls ..I* will .iii.l lir-.tlirr nliii'i iii^r Ihs-h l.ivi.li .(
iiM him. III' !• I.rn i,;lit ..ii'. iMriili-'l, i'\ iiiiiiii'il, -|i|ir.ivi>.t, ivi'i-^y'i -.1,
iiiiil t tii-ii iMrlMfiiiulx iiiiinl. risl t.i ti'i^l .til liis i'r.rinU. i'ln^ is
111.' •uTiliiv iiii till' lin'il Itilli.ill Ki'slii.llt. III.' liilil hh,
ii« lilt III!' Ki'. iiiii'll*. Hiiiii* .if till- K.il ..I* ttilN'«, ii'iil riiii4ii...tti«,
|in.v ill' Il I'ir .lisi-4«i| liri''lir. 11 n.lli ill i|i.' t i.il« 111. 1 i ii|i|.' n,. irs
t.ns-««.iri 1.1 I'lulili- liiiii 1.1 miry III lit« ir i.|i. nr u rii|i.lMii m
till' l.itiil 'if i;li i>l< If llrs ilaty U' lu'iil. .l.-il, lln y Ulii'ti' Hut j
III* al'iril M.imli rs liir I ti-r llir.i ife'li il.irit .ml Iimii.iI tnn'sti. n i>i. |
mit Itii.liiii; it |iUis' <>( n-st, lln' riutmii \ irii'i iiin.itii; ititrrri' it
|ttii|ili', liiit j.l li'iiil III till. «ji 111' I ml. K.ir iiiHliini'i', tin.
Kirtfliis rlri f liK Ilii r.itiitirili' li.irx' Imrii.! \iili hi n, lliit In. iii; y
till la' iSMiiii ll.sl t.iM.iU 111 hin k'>i'»<l> 't.ili'. n lliiti;: III' iilili'i's
niH'n livtii.;. lln* Kihii'ii-kii iiii'l K iU.i« li.i\'ii tln-ir vv.':i|i.iiis,
rliil Inn, mill III iili'itii'ira |.l.ir.il in llnir i.'ri\i's. 1 .it lli.'i in.iy
ii|i|n'.ir •iiil.ilily .i|.|..ir. Ilisl l«r.ri' tliiir fr • Mil-, iiinl ilil. t.i iiijufi-
iiitlmr iiTiliiLity |iiir'<iiit« It'll tin' I'titijii'i' nii'i'S hav.' v.ii inas
■ rtii'Ui |il.ii-is|.iii ili.ir i{nni'», 1.1 U' n-aily f.ir "itmivIIh' 111 iiiiiit
liny iiMnltr iM.ii »iiiit tlii'y isiiianhr In la' llii'ir li'iii|i.iniry rr|i.i»i'.
Ihv li.'lili ainliitliiT irilm luiti'a >li.-lil l>ii'i»l.ili;i' nf Ktr iiii\,
11 kiiiiHUifi' i->>iiiiii.>ii |.i till. .\»t,iiu* r.iis-*. hIi'i, ilitrliint; 111 v. --.I
I'liiiK, 'um- I .' •!.»«, full iifiiii, I.M 111. 11 unit i;iiiil ., Mr.
.\Ikiii>.i|i ^iti-s a jairlr III III .1 O.il.tiiii Ik lli'. mlii hit);.' piM. n
riiii.'s ill In r i'ir« nii.l mum'; whili* tl.r 111.11 ur.ii liiiji . I iri.h.
rii|i|M-r, iiti'l *tl\.r, 1.11 llnvr tlniinlis 11. 1 liiiifrrs. Tin' \liiii|;.' < «
«ri' a uiiiilnr r.BS-. Tiny l-.tli laiin; highly liiilliilivi'. I ni'
lirifi'ly H.lii|itiil Itnuiijii ami t'.i».irlt rnatiiiiin I hey nilliMiti'
till' line »rt> 111 hi' iliisiriti'.ii ..f thiir il.itliiiii;. ^si>ll|. i.l il.nr
Hnirli'* i.f ilr.«. in- In iiittl'nl. II nr r.iiM .mil Imi* .it' Itir.-li li:irk
■nr grjia III! n. Inriii ni.tl iluwli-l^ iiriiuiiit'iilisj, tin-)- .ilinnlt U-giii In ;
liiy ii.iili- tlii'lr li'.li utiii isivcriii);!!, pill nn Kiii..|ii-iiii r..>iiiiiii-. mi '
il|ii-.lk tin- Kllsniiitl la< ',;i|.l)fi'.
I hi' Tartiirs nl' iliiri-ri-tit ismiitrii's .mil r.-n-i' ililli r wiil.Iv in
r.ciiril 111 riisiuim-, h .| i.|>i n rt.n in |.h_\siiii;iiiiiiiy. Il.i' 1 111 l.ir-
I lnms«. isi|,liir\. r r i-^aiiipli'. ,111' lin t°i..in iKiil'ii-ii-.itin.' 11, tlir
llilir. till- iMi-hisl iM.-i' 111 ll.|. .Miiiiifiiii;!!,. )ii-in-i.illy, willnMil
lilMlH; Hill iii-ipin ill st i-itnily iil.litirnli-il, ;i» in lln- m.liiin-.-
iil III.- K linni-k I'iiitaK. u Im i hm ulii n mily tnn li..|i-< lilt :tlii'i
li.iM- aU-i till' l.-iij i-niMil minis..! tin- rair, Iml lln lyi-, ;ii,.
ii'.l an Willi' iipint It* ill w-iin- inri-s, I nr ml siiiiill iiIIh-iI Innt;,
lis at .illniii. Ihi' iniM', u» uill la- atrn in lln- illu.iralnin, nl
tin' I' larliirs nf M.iiilrlni nn-i' is ii.il h ,ilU nnnli', iln- niiiiilli is
Inli-ralily >iiiall. iiii 1 llio i-ar>. Ill.■ll^;ll l.tii;. iirr lint i-tn»isl hark,
iiK »itn till- Iniit'iisi' inil Ihu'iilt-. .Ml Tarlsi--. i-n 11 tin. Kal-
tnin-i.*, Hiiir lln- r mi.nls hki' thi' lliiniM'. uah tl.i. Iintnllo
la'-'iiiil iiiiil llii' I I in (.s.iii -II II .il liny 1 in Liilriwii ri-..ni
la-llill.l. Till- lunar prirliri' nf »h:i\ ili-j ihr lir.nl, uilll lln- i\-
i'i')ili..ti III' 11 sii ;;li' liil'i, Mhii-|i ia iilliiuril t.i 1:1-.. i\ n« l.ir^i* as
|>.>s<ili|.-, :itnl vtliii-li is pl.iilisl intii 11 inil hy lln- K.ilkiis an hy thn
t'liiniM', rt.is I'nriiil n|»'ii tin' ChiinM- hy tin- I'a. p.r-r k ii.i; liiii,
hIki ill rrlnrti nlilt^i'il tl-i* ! artars In inlnpi tin- Clntn si- i-.isiniiii*.
His iiliji'i'l W.I* 1.1 as>iiniliili' tin- Iwii naliiiiis. Tin- T.u-liirriii -ilryi
III' ivh.ini w-- li.i\i' In'. ml s 1 minli liti-ly, Iih.I, ipi;ti- j.naily in llnir
r.iiniil sh.ik-.s, sli.irl i-n-ki'ii*, tii-il hau' Innisris, ait>l\till ailipti'il
l.ir tin- siirl nf .Inly uliii-h tiny iin- i allril ii|»iii In |s-ir.iniiiii
lln-sr i-iiiiiitry. llut nf 11 kiml i.f Imr-i jHilin- I nilir a imini
rllli.-llli llinl iT'iti-rtna- l.i. aii.-n-l liliylliiln.' Iliiuhl la- lliaili'nf mirll
raw inalrnal viilni'ss ihr iMi -iilh-il ('ii-»ari.» nr larlar i-ai.iliy ol
Kiis-ia, III mIiiiiii tlii'l'r^ir m ii."ri' liiili-htnl Inr lln 1 xti iisinii nf
his i'iii|.iri' in .'\4i.1 than In all ^iM Mn«i'<.\iti- ri-"i<iiri i-*, ii\il nr
tnili'iiry. I ariiirs, nt all niis's, a'n {intlirnliiriy tniiil nrsi-nilil
i-i'lnnr-.. ami iiiatiy a khan w..n1il >.>'inr l'h »itli'>iil his ^l.a-l Ih.in
Ills M-aili-t r-.U- 111' o-r. iminy. Tin- lanms. ..i Tartar pi n st-. alniii
ith-i-t yilliiw 1- .fiiirs. Iliii Mmnriiain r.irlar* nl Hi- i a»l ami
Hi-«t, iinil iili.i iiri- sniil 1.1 Ihivr ill-lit. il tin ir n iiiii-s rr.iiii thn 11 nu
• ni.s ..f .Mm/ I Kuan r.iri.ir a> il Mi.|.'n!, . r Miiiiiil 1" lli.siniri
Iti^ia^ i|.-i;i.|iii- ill- T.irtnri--, traihnli' ilii .Maiin-riil Tartarf
if Uiiilira-i liny II.I ir Chilli. " p. 'i') am .In-ssnl siiiiiily inr. Itnn
kl.irlM, trnv%si.r«. anil r-ilW-s, with >hi-('p-sl,.i{H lai-r Ih.- it Im.Ii', rhiI
rnl lasitd, hill Ilii'ir khan-i aliil •iiltuni oi'.ir K.irlit rnln-s.
w
Ifp
'11
i ill'
I J
I'll
2ff«
ALL ROUND TIIK WORLD.
WikxIh ; tlii'ir InitM. pliwril at i\ ilislaiirf Ii.mh nut
aiiiitlii'r. Ii->liliti| t" till' rciilaiiiiiiis rli u.h lir i-l" tin'
lliali'lv. Kliii'_'l:lliiilis lOr oltrti ri'iii'ucil aliinll^; llii'
fiilii'-. I'l' llif Ai f.
Till' luMi- I Iniiilnli I 'lira llnws iiitii till' A 111' "ir nil till'
linlit l.aiik. ill trmit nf a vijlajji' limit in |.ait <iii ti-rnt
liinul ami ill I'alt nil islallils. I timk tra ill a |«N.r
llllt «lliUt a ('•■•<-ai'k Wi'llt to ill'tlill li'-ll I'nf IIIV lln;^-.
'ilii'* i.'nnii man li I'i IiImIIchiI liit tin iri's nf his nun
^ I will. A liiilr riii'tlii'i at Kiiri'iii. a lilili'
statinii, <'iiMi|i">> <l III Illy t»n lull . tin- tlnMiaiis rami'
llllt 111 llirtt nil', ami lirl|iiil I In" i|ni<s to illa^ till' >lt'ili;i'->
nil till' lii'arli, wlii'li at this |i|ai'i' was viry sti'i'|i
Tlw » Wlllll'ii ll.l|i|iV ill lirilll,' nf ll-i- t'l IIS. \\<! hail till
Iniilti-r til ilii witli tin- Maiitili'is Yil »!• wi'i-f
.•i|i|iiiiailiiii'4 llirir frniilirrs, wIhii- I nut wilji a
iiinii' kiiilly n'ii-|itinn. hnwrvrr, than I r..ii|.| Ihm'
antiri|ialril
'riir\illau«"f •"*>Zlis thilr-iililii fa M ml' lninlli'iT
(.N''r|i. 3lll)iliari." I in tin- ^Mianl nf t lie liniiliir. Ilir.'
rii\i<l nil' |Hi|iitlN, j^i\.' nil' an cMi'liiiil ii|ia'l. ilnniii,'
lllc rnll>lllil|>li"ll nf »liirll III' i|i^|ilaM'i| I III- \iinri| ill
liirmatiiiii ami ;; i in iiiiii'l'snf an ciliiraliil ( liinanian.
Ills stair WIS •• .|n|iri-ril K'i I M'. I'llaiv, twn Iniskns
..!• I'ni'iKii'alrt, mill li\t' atli iiilaiits, I'liis i-tiinal.li'
tniirtiiilial'V l'i'|i'i.si h liim^ilf fl'nni his a'liiiinistraiiM'
I ilk. Ills |i\ till- swi'i't-. nf I'liliiimrri'. Hi' i\i|ian;;is
» nil till inli iliitaiil.t of Ins 1 1 1^1 I'll' t tiiliai'ii ami I 'hill
s|>irit.s f"!- till- \alilalili' sklli.Hnt liiaMI'^. Ill all lliil
onnrii'iiM Ills a'lmini^lralinn In- is < a>\ aii'l imliili-iiii,
llllt ill uiial I'nmi I'll'* Ills I'l'mmi'i'i'i' In' is wilh'iiit |iil\
W'lH- t<i tin- |"ini' < inlilian who hliniiM III' tai-ily in tin'
■ liliMTV nf iJ.mmU iil'ih Ii'iI. nr wIm slinlll'l ilali- In |ili'
SI lit hini a mii.'Im ilniililfnl -km. Tin' Inililiiiis nl'
.'s\/-i i'illti\ .ill' with siirii— 1 till' I hllH M' rahli iiii'. Ualis,
|iuiii|ikiiii<. miiniis, iiml if.iilii-
' nntiliiiiii;.' ••! niasl I 111- .\ mn. ir, I |a-«i''l tin- t l"l'liali
\ illagfs nf .M> t-iir aiiil "f Ki'l-\ r. aii>i I li'iilml rnniii.
at till' liiiiiithiif till' I -ni'i Tin- iliiiii nf umiiiitiins
wliu-li inns al ili'.' tin- VallrV nl tills riM'r is riHi-lril
'>itli I. •lists nf u.ik, I ilrh ami I'lil iT, anil is linintiil
' \ will! I.ia-sis, llllt. III. .n.sly hy tii,'>t-. 'I'liis ii niliji'
lii.u<t nf |il'>-v, » III! Ii has lii'i-n liithi'i'ln innkiil n{Hin a-
tin- |i.\l'lll»H<' pi'-l nf till' « .lI'imT I'l'liliills nf sMllI lli'lll
.\sia, I'M'i'i'isi'S ii- ili'|>ii'ilaliniis as far as ihi' l," irijr.s 1 1|
till' Altai ami thi' ^ l.n.iiiiinis, licvmnl tin' tiltii'lli ili'iji'ii'
nf latitinh', ax ha.s Ih-i'Ii i'.s|alili-hi i| hy llniiil'nlilt in
Ills "Asii- t . iiii.ili','' ami I'V Atkitis<iii in Ins ({i-i'al
viik riiiitliij. • ( liii'iti il ami Wi'sicrn Sil.i'i-i.i." Tin'
|.n|piilatiiin nf till- \alli'y ..f (hi- I'-iiri is aliiin-t snlcly
rnni|"-iil nf I'liiiii'M' ri'iiiyii- Till' lainls that tliry
I'liltivatr arc Vi-iy |ii'iiiliii'ti\ •-. luit tin v liavi' m> rattli',
SUM' what tiny iix- fur lilliii;; tin- lami Thi' iiiri's.saiil
attarks cif liiiiT- jiiit it mii >>{' llnir |i..«.r lo lai-f
Innls
•I'.Ul, "/■ />..'.H|/'.-/'. --|;.\..||.| l>Mkl. I Inmi'l till'
Matiiill wliirli till' Uii.sniaii < .'ns^uii'ks hail Iniimh'il III
li'iilit nf till' \ ilhiL't' nf SaU ' aliaiiilniii'il 'liny linl
• |iiilti''l ii 111 iiiitiimn. llllt hail Irft tin-ir lim-i - llnri',
iUi lln-y ill lint li.iM' lra\<'r«>-il thi' Inar^ln's nf tlir
h'ft liaiik I w.i- .iIiIii'imI tn M-|iiir,ili' frniii iii\ i;ihii1
'I'lUs. » lin liail rarrii'ii lll«- omt u ili-laii i' nf l.'ilHI
MTktK in iiini'ltM-M ilats. ImIIs iiiclmliii I rniiM mi<
liaM' «ihln'<l till* aiivthilit; U-tlir th.'ili In rniiliniii' tin'
>aiii<- uiihI.' o| truM'l, llllt I rniilil III) Iniiui'l' i.litain tin-
i|Unii«.ir:\ "I ti.h Milliriinl tn fi'i il thi'lii willi I a''
• iiMttirily >iii|i'.i\ •.iiri'.l tn nliiaiii hiii-is fnr lii\sfl| aii'l
nty I l |—li r k.s. ISclutu nbluilllllg tin' Jirl'mi».slnii t" jlll-
rliasi' tlnni, I lia<l to i.'rl ovit tin' ill will nf iho
.Mantrliii luillinrili s nf tJn- Siini.'iri. \S hiKl I wim
lli'i;iilialiiii{ tills matt) r. w liii'li ih'taiin'il iiii' iinh sh I bull
twi'Ui'ilays at Sal\ i. a liiililiali liiniit;ht inln thi' llllt
ill wliirli I Was In.lirini; ail (■mirniniis ii;.'ir, which ho
hail Nii.c Icil in siaviii:;. lie plainl tin' lica-l n|iii;,'lit
a;,'iinsl till' w.ill. ami all the iiih.iliilaiits nf I In- \illai;i'
lainc In |ii rlniin a ci'i'i'iiiniiy lufmc it wliii h sccnnil to
111' |iaill\ linili'-i|iic ami paitly s»'iiniis, hut which was
ccriainly maikcil liy im little ainniint «i' Mii|H'i'.stitinn .
llicy saliiliil the ihail lij,'ii' with liialks nf (hc|.i'st
rc.s|icct, iiilili'c<r.iiii; it lis " .My l,<.ii|, " ami iK'Htfinj; it to
ai |it llicir iiio.-l n-|iicifnl liomiiyc.
Itclwccii the (Uiiii ami the Snni^aii, the li^lil lialik
of the A iiinoi- rises n|i ami inciciits a ili-tiii-t ciiiim iilly
ai|a|ilci| for ciilliv.ilinii. 'i'he left hank is, mi the cnii-
tiaiy, Iniimlnl hy the waci-sof the river, which, Il I
in^' the lamls. i;i\i s hirth to channels, lakes, creeks anil
inai'-hes.
•l!*lli J'l.iiKirii. iS'i".- AliiiM' S.iUi, the iliiljali,
which ha.s its mhii'ii' m the iliiii^liaii. i'm|ilics iiM-lf
into the .\ r. hy the left h.ilik. I llie nf the alllllcllls
of thi'* rixer merits, in a mil.illiiri.'ical point nf \icw.
a inii-,t >|.eiial alteiilinii \ic. iilins; In t he htalcmciits
of the llnlilians, laini Ihe of .si!\cr are to li)> nict with
on it-, hinks, which. Iroiii the ilcscri|>lii'ii m.-nle to in,-
of llniii, Inii-t he nf the >aliin fnliniti'iii lis iheiilneii
tifemiis telliiiiiini of the I't-.i! ami the Altai. 'i'lie
I loliliaiH >les|iise this trcasill'e, or, to sjieak im'ie cor-
rectly, il in-|Mri's ihiiii with n Miperstii inns lin-nl. I he
iiioi.il •.eii-.e of uiii.li can i-.ca|H' iio i.m- 'I'I.ey sa\,
llllt I he 111 all w ho has t lie nii-lm I nnc lo unit lalm Ihe
of -ll\'r in lie' liiiijui' i^ h.inntcil \>\ inalixnant
' S|ii'il.iii;j iif llii< vii'iiiitv, Mr. .MkiiiMiti, wliii i« ••vm«ln'n'
|>'u'tiiri'>i|iii', lull lot 11.'. iiiiil lull nl \ii tiiilili' iiirMriiiitiiiii n.ita,
".\l lli>s {i.iit fi -nil' nl tti<- npiirs III' till' 'I'l 111 i|. Mil !>«' inn i|iiitr ilnu n
I 1 till' iiv. r ami \" m ». \i-ral Mikv lii'.iillainl-. iiiil all tin- iiriin. nt
itie Aiii'Hir Ihroiih' iiiiitt-il inr* nue ^-rciit »1ri;iiii, tl.at rnlU mi
w IliiHti iiili'i rii{iii'iii till il fttititi-s it.a:iisi till- Ik 111 risl>\ ) ni-
i-'iitnry nt Siir-sni, t'rnm wli.di it is tlirn^ui I'ai-k in ^liist- nl wliitc
•am. A little U'Xniul iln- Siir knv, in tin- .\r):is.ii iiml t'liii
lillll-d llllIlMlHf* hlH-ll'^ ilt'lilill'.* fti'll I I'Pliliti.lt •• III 11 Klil'lll lil-lllll'lllll
I '
UP AND DOWN TDK AMooR.
2i)9
npirit'< fur tlic rrtif nf liis liCr, I cmilil ii't iiin-c tliis wliiili ihry m>'i iiiii|i:iiilii1 liy lir.»rtv nliuki-M nl iIh-
liclirf til its iii-iu'iii , -till li-M niiilil I Mi'iiy ii|i III Imiiil. 'I'lir Milli^y III' till ri.iii>ii, nr III' tlif Niniimiiliiiii,
»ii:it |iiiilll till- I'Siiti-llri' 111' I lilies lis |||i|ii':il ril tn llii' :i^ I llis rivir is ilisiylliiliil uli mHiii' lllil|is, |nihilils v:iHt
is iinl liiliiiliiiH ; t>>i° till' rivulet, nii tlie linrili'i'^ nl' |il.iiiis nl' \ii'i,'iii -ml, wliieli Ntniilil ninst aliuii>Liiiil\
wlliell tliry lire met willi, lliiweil lit 11 ili-lilliee nl le«;iii| I lie liilmiirH (iltlie riill j\ aliir, >iv tlio eiile nl'
JIMI miles I'liilll wllel'e | uiis. The ( iii|i|i;llis, ||ii\v I lie lil|.sli;i||i|iii;i||. Ari'iil'ilili'jr til t lie .slillellielit iil' the
ever, KiiM' me -iiiiif t'lirtlier iiiliirmiitiiiii, wliieli. il' it is iMlives, there iire iii inliies im the iel'l luink ul'tlit'
inrreet, limy lem|it tnivellers til e\|iliire the rei>iii|| ill liver tllllt will U'lir eii|il|iill'lsiil| III ihiy, nr even til
i|iiesliiili. If, as tliey have ussiireil iiie, the I >iii|iii' lliiws the higher jiarts III' the valley, whieli are Mii'inUliileij
t'lniii west tneust, till- ili-laiiee may lie reilue.il til Mxt\ liy mMimtaiiis aiiil I'lire-ts, alMiiiiiiliiii,' ill liir 1 eiiiiiiij
thrie miles. As to m\>el|', I h is iiut i{ii|iii{ iii |iiirsiiil mI aiiiiiials, nl' i|iialilies as vaiimi- a- they are liiylilv
a llev» ('ill ill ini ill ; I ill-elllharras-eil m\ -ell' nl t he seillle i-teillii i|.
live visinli. It was lint lime In ijive myself ii|i In /•'././ i/n/;/ ."ic./. - .\ (■ii|iiliii-.,iir\ hill l.iiii Mill I. lit tn
\iiiii ami ei!i|ity ilnatns, w
tnrilliilalile I'liekv ilelile- nfll
hell I Uiis ali'illl III fife the liH'i I lile tlnlii S;i;.'nlili I la, ai.il liaij liiell snliie |i|||
lii^lSiii {■"> r |i. I'll), uailliii; III the lir-l \illii;;e.
Hell
that he h.iil
These ilelilis, at the Imit'im nl' wliii li llnw , the Aiiinnr, nnieis In aieniii|Miiy iny lniil.-lii|i a> far as In thiriMr,
exlelnl n\ er a ili-lrii't I'IH v i'I^i> in lem^lh, wlnie ill is alnl thai he lell hlliisell mm h Imiiniii illiv t he mi-simi.
alel liail mails. 'I'n nveienllie these ililliriillies The ill-lm-lt lull- nl I lie .Ma llli'hils 1 1 » al ils ll~ I'l lllailieil
iihl tax all mv i'niirai;e, aiel all my liitieii
llie same, iiill their laelie-- hail Mi'V liillrh I'lianueil.
We hail nnthiiii' ti
US aernss
Iheih'
■|i i|<n
Nnl I
laMii^
I.eell alile ti
I riM lit nlir |Pi lietUltlni.' In
mire- ami Im^s, save the iiiii<i t.iin na ks nl' sn. nl -iie n, the he ill nl' lie ir rniiiiliv. I hi\ m emeil aliximis thai I
wlllill were lllnsl ililliiillt In illseilll. Til:
Very ileeji, allil We sink lllln It nlien ll|> 1.1 the Inr.i^l ihar;
le -lliiM li\ ^hnlll.j iimI iaii\ a«a\ Ullll men
lillil
i|>lllli>ll III tl
The lii-'lits were csiMsiallv frii'litlnl, :iii.| I maile iiii-e
rt. mil
ihle ilri'ams eiiniii;h as, wiile aw.i
I lie
ke. I
Allir a II « liniir-' lepiise liny maile m
ji'ij^i' li;iriii --I il W nil ii\ell ihat enllillii II I
re
linw lllil{
l|' IlllllU'rV Wnlli
li-leli 1 In Ihe iiie .11 ihe Mill inn |.;ire III a !• 'yii</i"//7 .Mv s|eil(;e I
{"anilL,' nl I III!
,l..l
tli'irs I
II the ill^t.inre, alnl ill' II.
if will
a |iei iilialHV I I rnli-llinlli'li whiili I I'liliiinl
i| |pi-s i.ver. the |in|e ami the eharinl wile Immeil hy the
lie ilislinetly seen ii|hi|i tl|esiiii\\, I V' 11 liy the iiiieeil.iiii -aiiie I'll f » I. I hail lli'iiuht that It was Use
liyhl nf the mnnll.
At last, nil ihe '.'Nt, ihil is tn sav. alter I'mir i|a
In lia\ e m\M II h
nueil I'V lll\ llnr
lilt It »:
ileti rmilieil that I sli' ilil I liter llie illv III all ill
fati:,'ile all
.1 Mill
enii''. we I anil
III',; iiiln a jilaiM. w I
I I
I.I life
lie I I'lilM till I
:1L,'.1III ..II ili'Mi 111
tni'inalilv, am
ll\ I.' 1 IS
Uere fa- 1 1 III il l.\ the l.liilli
l'|in-,e l'..r a ilaV III iille 111' the sill
•I till
irl.
Til
.||iliil—al \
iil'l iililv In.st line hnr-e, all
I that I'rniii liiiii.'er rilhi r went in ailvame tn iiiii.ale the ie|a\-. These hall-
lliaii lallu'il'
As 1
e.iiitii I mv |iiiiriiey, iii Ihe
ililli'lent hills thai I elltelVil I rnlll'l nlilv IimI
W.illli'll i{lllli' III
Mill mull Iplieil till lll-i Ues tn nil 1 \telit lliat I ennni
e, Wi ~l..|.|ei| eM r\ li\eiir ix Vllstst.
ami eliililleli, the men vMi-e u' H H In liniil. Ill lie- I haiiu''' i.iir "Mil 1 iiL'ietliil ln\ train il ih.;;s. that
III
iislileil. v.iiir.
|ii|H' of iililaillltl.' |irnVI-lii||-, I |ia--ei| uNel iii the lell «il
li.iiik nf the river 111 while a Maul, lei i.llir. r
He reei'Ueil ll-.i-iMlly • iltIi. I. Ml II nl ..lilv
lial'leV In iill'er lis, nl vl lili h he I li'lie.l ll.li l,..| |.
I.i'JIi.
ll 11. Illl.l
II ini.iiii.ns hi.r
I eliih
ili-liai linii amiil ihi-e weariMiiiii
liltle |.|'iiei'i iliie^^ l'\ i {In si inliiiit; t he inh III . nl > ii|.nii I heir
.1 inii.'li inanni'i'-. ah
lint
fnr h
i.s iiwii i-iiiisiiniin mil
1 1 l|i|illy. I Mas elial.leil ll. -I ...II as I al 1 1 In I'll .1 In ii{. I'll ll.li V el>al|i.|i llie\ asillliii i|
mv way almi^ l.i i li nl inlialiile.) liy snine a iii\ -lei inii- In. k. e|.i||,'i,| aiixiniisly .iinni.il , am', il
.Maiiai;riaiis, wlin i|i\iile.| with ine a wil.l unal, the lhe\ |ieri eiveil lie i ninmissai \ . niilv aii-\i eieil hy liinlin
I'l Ill's nf their |iin\ i amis. Tins |ie||i enalih'il me |.i snIIiI.Iis, seekim; tn elmle my i|ni-iiiiis: ami if, in
I'e.ieh the Minlihll villages nf the I'hiliesi ill-lli.'t n|' ii|i|ert.i will ihiir Cnnll 111 line-., I Vililnreil In nllel
S.i'.'ilin I'll Kh.iimi
1111111-.. me innemilllleatlnll tnl' 1 1 i It -i I \ I
th.
l''l
'nil I.I the -J.SiJi .if .1:11111, n \ I l.'I'l llii
'III
ll with hi.rinr.
ll
Is tim
.VM \ I r, t hat the
valley nf the Alllnnr, tn aM'einl that nf llie I'liiriva liinlnelil tli'' lellilile fniietinl iir\ s link was tliriie.l.
I met, mi mv way, l>aiiriaii- ami -^ilniis. w hn vm le llu\ ha-leiieil |.. ii|ii n their luails ami hamis alike
^iiil|..' t.iwii'ils the King Gail willi the
I's l.i'leii l''inallv, al'ler
a il.'i\ will
h 1 lliniit;hl Wi.iilil have ii.
1
iiiii-l niiia
ik, Ihal ll
mill'' till-
lilh s|iii it-., iiie.il, ami ll 11 ll y. |i|iiilii' I- fnr vvhieli the I'lnl, vie hiiIm
Maiiier xrliiii',;f their furs. I |i!i—e.| three iii;.'lil- latter |iiirl il n,v jiiiii in _v . the temi'i ralim ha. I In en
vvitll the i'.llll|ialllilllS wh'lll I'rnV nleme h nl thlnwn liealalle. the t h. I n.nmi lel' iliil Ih.I lle-ri I iI Inlill ill
111 iiiv way.
Till
.nil I li.'ir iii'i.v i'-iiiiis
,'lie- I.el.iw i-i'i'i
ami, vv lial tmielieil the iniii.l m
rln-i'lv. w
ilh ll
lell
TI
ll 1 ma.h
11 le v\ .1- '.nh ,1
tlin 1.1 ll nf
mv M'li mil I Ml \ lllln till' I ll \
At earll hut ihev nliliye.i in.' t.i lak.
iilai' lire, ami as VM
-V ln|iallili'S.
the |il.ne nf hniiiitir at the l.ivi
-innkeil ami ilraiik lea. 1 rejniil llieiii their kimli
liy relaliii'' mv travels
ilin 1
I I 1. 1 al llM
1 i'lnel< III 11 V I hllii-.
iiinis-.iiy inn
llli till nie ililn the |i|
'III
if th.
imliaii, vvh.i. alii r liaviiii; examiinil Iny |iii|ii'i.s ami
Thev -Innve.l lie as Iniiili mv |iass|iml, h ll me al Iihl rly In I "llli ■ mv jniiriiey ;
ie-|H'i:t as if 1 hill III ell .me nf their ehiels ; .iinl, nil lull tint » il h-laiiilin^' mv iii::ei'l ll i|m -I ami I iilri atie
|iarliiii;, they .--w.iie iii mil Irn ii.l-ln|..
IV Ik that elliel. he uniilil Imt 1,'lalil Ine | i i liiis-imi tn
stay a simple in
:hl
in the liiwii. .11
.1 1 «a- iil.liu'i ll I
._'ii alnl -ei k I'm- li'.-|.ilalil V in a ii.'i^lil..iiii in:; village
I '.l,i'.l /''•/»' 11 'M'l/ |l>/A A mlia-.Sih ill. ii|iiiii the i IliIiI hink
ii|«m lUiiii'ii il.»iii.iil t.ia l.inlili'.l.'.itli. Ilia ti « iln « lliey re- ,,| t|„, .\|,|niir, is the last M.inli'liil villaL'e |i,i>-ii| iii
I !...:.._ 1 ._. . ...1 .1 . .11..^^..... ..i* ,1 1 .1.. ^1
llli
111 111.' HI..!; :ia.| wlii'ii lli.y il.'|.ai li'.l, lln-v
liiiii'il, liiivlii^ ili-tr..usl till' illii»i..|iii of III!' |Msi|.|i', hy |in.\iii^.' -
first, I lilt no npirit* Wire lliiie: iiii.l, mis.inl y, llml tin
It'll' W.IS M-
aseemliii;; the iiver.
Th.
inlemlaiil nl this I 'Innest,
tr.-i-i.r * 111 iTMiiril llie l.ri).'lit iii' lallii' viiii« hi-ii in tin' i.n'I,,
tji... i„i,1 i,ivi;ii riiH' ta lliis ttriiliU' li'.i.litiiiii -vvci'i. nr-i iiir!"
sl.ttinli ai'i'iiiii|. iiiieij me iih far lis tn the Kiissiali |inst
ol 1 si Zivsk, whi'll) In; ■Ji'|ni.siti'il iii in hiirge nf thu
w
III
Vi\
k
li
'l|!
M
.t(M)
kU. KOUND TUK WOULD.
('oNHiii'k fliii'f. I i1'|«i!«<m1 iiiym'lf ln'io llilrc il.iVH,
wiiitiiii{ fill' tliii lii.iil , itiiil uIk'Ii It itri'ivi'il, I tulluHrttl
it Mil Ihirii-liick, rsi'Ml'tril IpV I'.mii- ( '.ittirk*.
Till' iirxt iliy, ;iH «!• wiTf |iii--iiii; I'lic 111' till- iiliiinU
ll( tlic Allli"<r, CHI'' III' till-"' llirll |il|t|li'il ll|i llii llulso til
till' "i ll' III' IllillC, III! I |l'lll|llll-,' "III till' J->l lll'l Willi lilt
liiiLfi'i', I <l I III'' ilial il I'Miii iiiiril .1 I'li'li I'liil mini'. A
jitii'' I'linlni I i'i'iiiai'k<''l :i kiml 'it' nijiiiiri' ri'<|<iiilii
hill'I'Mlllnli'il liv .1 illl'll ; Mll'l Id I ^"1 lli'.tl'i'l', I illM'il
\rrr<l iM'irU a il'i/. II '•iiiiilir iMiiili" ili'iiiH. I uiii, iti
far 111 1 kiiHV. till' liril ir.ivi'llri «li'i li I't ii'itiii'.l llnw
niilK. I mil ill'llll'''! t'l Ix'lirtr lllll lIl'V iiri' tin' \i"i
lil{i'H iil'ii r.iiii|i wliii'li till- ( 'liiiii'>i' all iiiloiir I ill |l'i>>M,
urirr llir I'ltiinin' <it' AIIiuhIii, iiii'I iIh' i-mii Ihikhi .iI iIh'
tri'iity "I' N'i'rl'<''liiiitl< At I iiiiiwiicil my wny. I nut
lit jiiIi'I-nmIh |iiir(iri III' M iiiii^i'i.iii liiiiiiiiiii'ii. 'riii'\ ill
li'it t.'t'iii I'Vi'ii til Hiii|M'i t till' ruiiiiP clriliny lit' llii'ir
ciiiiiiiry. I hii' of itii'iii ii«ki'i| III'', " Wliv ilu tin' Itii
Hiiiiit til Ill'llll ]!■{■*•> lliis way ( " I'lililii'il t'vi'iili, tli.ii
will ridt liu I'liii; iiliii|i-<l, will cli iri{<' tlii'iiiM'lvi'.i with
till' iiiiswi r t'l iliii /i<i>i'>f i|iii'-itiiiii.
/•■(■'/rii.l;-!/ L'-'i'/i. -Wi'linl liM.lii'il ill r.iiir ilnyt llir
l!ii->-'iiiii st.iti'iii 111' Iviiii ii'.t, ii|iiii till' lili li.nik 111' till'
A I ir, wlli'l'l' Wi' rllllli'i'il llH-w. K.llllll'l IS II L'I'i'tl
i''iiiiiiii'r<'liil i'''iilir. Till' iiiKinil r.iir, uliirli it Ih'M mi
till' III' III ill 111' N'Hi'iiilii'r, III I '.'I' Ml 1 1! II I II. II 1 1 1. 1. In I'M-ry
viMf .'i.lMMI mil ill mis. TIh'v iri' mr iii'IhIiIhiiii-s iIih
I )i ili'iiiii.-i, ill" S.iliiiis. iiml ilh' .M.iii i^n.iiis jly lliiir
ll''|ilrllt lillliilis Willi till' I 'imli'li.., tlli'V ll.iM' liiill
li'il In ii'l<i|i| llirir iiiiiiiii'r'i, iiirl liM' ill i;ii<hI liiriii'iMy
Willi llii'iii Til'' l>.t miiii'i iiihI till' Siliiiis liriiii; ihiii
III iiiiirkrt, nil I till! .M.iiiii;;rl.iii'i lurs, .'<kiiis, i-utili' ami
liili. L'liii', IIII'I i'<itii{l.tHM.
I w.is ,iii\ini|< t 1 anivi' at tin' rml nl' my j iiiiiny,
nil 1 i|iirim{ till- iii'M i< II il .vs lllll i'l.i|i-.i'i|, III ti iM'lliii'.;
fr'Hii KmiiiiI'i 111 KhImiiiii I milv Ntii|i|H"l I'l I iki' a
trw liiiiii-.' ri'|ii,i' rill- .■..iiiiiiy vt Illl'll I lr.iMt>i'l lii-
lull li'l'l ii'iiiiiii-i'i'ii ■I'* W'Hlliv 111' lii'iii^ |iri-.i-i'M'i|, IIII'I
I In iiiaiiiii'is "f I 111' mil iliii.iiil s |ii'i'ii'iiii'<l iiiiilimi{ lliiil
w.ii M'l-v altra'in.' I'liry wrv liili," llu^-im man
lli'is, Willi wliirli I w 11 alii'inlv t'miili II', ur wlial I liail
wiliii—iiil III |ii> vi.iiit M inlrlin \illa:,'ri; unly. a> I
(•iMilii illy .iil\. Ill -I'll 111 III" wi->l, I ii'in iikrij linw niii'ih'
tli<' liiiiiiiii iiili'iiiH nil lllll A I' ai'ii yi't liiiiii nuu
lllll illii'i'. I am, mill' tliiii any mn', I'lililli'ij In r\|iii"is
iiiv ri'ifi'i'tH, t'l.' till' t*ili','iiii wlii.li 1 i'X|ii'i-ii'i I miiki'.s
nil' \i\illy II i|ii' tlial tlm Hii'<'<i in ^uvi'i'imti'iil will
lii^liii 11 jilai'i' till' I'.'ail I'l'iitii Nii'.ilaii'V^k In likiil-k
(tli.ilii (111' w'li ill' li'ii^ili III' lllll .\mn.ir) ill mill |i
tiniM •<{ !■ iini'.iii ami M'l'iiriiy as nnr Iihh a nu'lit in
e\|irrl il'iir.{ 111 r till' uii'iit aili'iii's 111' till' rm|iiri'
Hiirli a ii'-iilt in.iy In' nl.i uih'iI in Inn yriiis' tiiiii', il' tin-
wniks .111' |iii<li''l Inivvarl wiili ilir '-.mii' artmlv us
iiiii':ii'.{ I ft .mtii'iin
Tlii'M' nliMiv ilhins III nil', il niilv I'l'inains f. it' iii" t'l
liiiii',4 till' ii.itiMlui' 111' iiiv i iiii'iH'y III a ininlii-iinn, I'l
Kliiii ill it, al'ii'i- li.niii'.^ c'liiii',''! liiii'M's a si'i'iiiiil tm<l
luttiiiii', at Kiilnin.in, I iiiiiv i| in tlirn' ilays at l'i|
Sii'i'lk.i I II nl tiMvi'lifil ;l.iMiii vi'|-s|H (all lilt I'.IMln
Kmiliili iiiili-.! ill llnri' mnnilis II' ilii- limi' a|i|ii'ii->
|iili|» i'iilll|i lllll Willi till' sjlli'i' ;'nl iiMT. I iii.iv 1,1 1
till' lI'l'liT nl'lli,. ilillii'illlii't nl' I 111' |,.,i.|, .m,l III,. I,.
Ill'lll'lll'-H lit' till' sl.|l|nli«, till' lllli'lll|ii'l':il|i I' nl' till'
1 lllll itO, till' l|. ■.lllll 111' |l|n\ JMnll, ami r.'.Mlllliis 111 ill
kiinlit, ali'l llm lllll aillnl'tln' Miiiilrliiis.
Till' I'mir \i'al-i lllll Kavi' ili| I mm.c ||,,. aUiM'
.11 . niiiii «i, wrilliii, liiui' iiilluiil to ranv mil iiinii'
lliaii till' |irn^i'aiiimi' laiil iluwii liv tlii' lie.irly Mitnt<-liii-
liali-r, M rai'i;arlii'l'ski. Tin' wa« •■ I'l'iiii lln iimtli liii
l|i'\l'r ri'.isi'il In lliiilllit mill In l-Xtl'Inl il-i It Itllx'.lii
ll.is lllll niily ii|i<'iii'i| till' iiavii;aliii|i nl' tin' .Viimni'. hut il
ha.s aU 1 inrni'imiali'il tin' wlinh' l^laii'l nl S.i'^.ilin in its
);i;;iiiii I'' i'iii|iii'i'
liiinia. .Miiiir.i\ mil', I MiM-riim i;i'iii ral nf Kuti'in
Silli't'la, h.lVIIlt; j^nlii- In \'i'ihill In l.illlv II tri-!ll\ nf
rninliiriii' »illi a '•i|ilaili'iin, a inaii nl tin' i'\|ii'ililiiiii
WiLS a'<'<aviii. lllll III mil' III' tin' liiililirhH nl' ihal i.i|iltal.
Till' mai'liil i|i|ilnmali'<l, h.irki'il liy hIx nr m-xth >Iii|is
111' war. lllll. iiiii'il as all iinh iiiiiilir.itinii llin imnthi'iii
|inrlliiii III' Sa^'.ilili Nlainl, n|' wlinh i'. h nl alii-ail^
nlilalln'il I In' I'l'S'.inll nl llii' linlllnril I'lnlii lln' I llllli'^i'.
II liniinl lii'i'i' (iily.ik tiilii'< i|iiiti' ili>|in<><'i|. Iiki- tlini-u
III' till' llriu'lllliini lli:{ rnlllllli'lil, In aril I it tllf Vnkn.
Kiii'tln'r Hiiiiihuarils il nut with tlii< A\ im". amii'iit
aliii|'li;il.i'H III till' ;;ii'at i>laiii|s nf Ni|>pn|l ainl nl' Yi'sM),
ami u Ill'llll' liny wm- i'\|n'IIi'i| hy llm .la|iiilii'.->i'.
Till' Hi'i'iilai' liaU'ril which tln-y i-iiti-rLiili l"Uai'ls llnir
liiasti'i's nf lllll, will m.iki' llii'M' ti'ilii's iiM'fiil luniii'trs
fill' till* l<l|s^ian aiK.iinc |ii>n1i< nil lln- liniilnrs nf
•la|iaM.
Till' |His..u'>..'<iiiii nr.<itt;iilin l-^liinl. till' 111. 1-1 ii'irtln'rly,
ami till' M'l'iilnl in rMiiit. nt tin' •la|uiin's<' iil'i'lii|i' I lu'n,
rnm|ili'li"% I'l'llirti^ tin' linhl ll|in|i tin' l.,i«ili nl'tln'
Ai H, n\i'r.iui.s all .M.ilitrhliri.i l.v tin- v.illi'> nl lln'
."^illi'^'.ili, li.Vi s till- ■.lall'iliH III till' hiyhway li' I'lkiii,
ami li'iliU mil a |irn.s|i<.|'ti\i' ami i'M n |.|'iiximatr rh.iliri'
Till' till' Miiliiii.'.itinli nl Vi SMI ami Ni|ipn|i.
.Mi'raily till' rnasts iif tin' liiaililalnl aii' ilnlti'il with
Itil'-^iaii rnlntiirs, )'ii|ivi'in'il liy the |ir^M'iii'i' nl Miim.i
\iti' tli'i'ts, mill hnslli- with khiis. In tlic l>ay nl
I'aslrii'H, till' militaiy ainl liiariliiin' i'<talili«limi'iil
>i\' .Mt'Miinli'.'tik r..iiiiiiaiiiln lllll' nl till' liiii'^l haili'iiii's
III till' Wni'lil, ainl il I'liiiiiiiiiliiiati'S li\ lui ({""I i"iils,
nil mil' -lili- u llll Nii'nlair\ "k. nil tin' ntln 1 w illi l.jiku
Ki/i. Fiirilirr In ihi'liniiiiiii nf tln'l..i\ 1- rml liii|H'i'ial.
ami \\i- lii\i' Mill that M I' ii'i; n In l-ki |imii|.. ..ill Imw
f.irili' IS till' ('nninmiiiralii'ii Inikiiin ih.it |n»n .iinl tin'
^'i-iat Millny nf I '-nil. whiih a^f.-nn njii'iis n|inii tli.it
nl lln' \li r. Thi'-i' ail' li'il llki' Inn ri'illitlli's nl'
I 111' Kalkas ami tin' Mnii^'nli ins nf< 'niitral Asia, - liirn
lakn ami livi-r I'litlmal i|i-ti iris iimnl-t a va>l ixti iii
nf H ilili'l'lii'xs ami ili'si'i'l , ihi'V ilM' well watrri'il, li- h.
|ii>liii'al, ami fi'tlih- lamls, |n|- tlin ({ii-atiT |iai't wi'll
|«i|iiil ilnl, iiml aliiiiiinliii'4 in trilHs, mnl an inliinli'
\arii'ly nf II itni'al rrsniiri-i's , at |irr>i'iil in }••''■"' I*'"''
aliamlniii'il In tln'^'cf )i'i'"n»
Till' rstalilishmi'iilsalii'.iilx fmimlril aii- luiiiy ripiilly
ail','liirllti'i| hy iillnrs u liii'li ari' lliti'mli •! In I'.il'iv
llil— iall i'i\ ill>atin|i a- f.il' .is thn fnlty thinl ili".'i'ri' 'if
litilililr. lln' |i.ilal|i'l w lih 11 liiirks in tin- |iri'-rlit il.iy
lln' Miiilhi'I'li liiiiil nf till' liial ililin' |ni>-.<'v'-imii .•! iln-
i'iii|iil'i' nf ihn ('aim, Willi m wiilnnil tin- i.iii-iiit nf
I lima. Ilnmli'i'ils nf nllii i i-.. alt.irlnil tn thf iiii|s'rial
nial'ilii', III ihi' .ii'lilli'i \ , ami In llni I'li^'iin-i is, liaM'
lii'i'li ili'-jialihi'il In tlii'ir ili-taiit slatinlis. A jmHir
lllll lint hlllL,' I'all l>tn|i nr I'nlltl'nl illis-iumlltlv jill'-ln'S
|ii|».ll.| III till' sain ■ llil'f. tiilll tl|llll«.lll.|s nf cnlnliinls
II ilii' i'm|iiii's nf |';iiiii|iii, ami thniisumK nf i-Mlm
.li.iwn finiii till' lllll lllll |irnim-i's nf ."'ilMTiH. Six
-iiami'is liiiil', .il ll.miliiir;{li, ami ili'sliinil In rriiilnrru
lliii-i' aliinly nil till' k!t'i'-i , am il'-limil In rniiviy
inai'liinriy ami iNi|i|i'nii'ii(ii tn t In ir iliM'i-s<. i'>tal.li-li
inriils Tim tn» II nf lllaifovsriinnk li m Ui'ii fniimli 1
ill lli« iinim'iliali' N 1. iiiily nf ihn inlnis|iii.ililu (,'liiin-i'
. ity uf >S.ii;aliii uIj, wluth, lull wilUnul nuiijiurt i
Ul' AND DOWN TJIK AMOuR.
801
lliis '.>in>iii> iniiiiiiiiiiii \;illi'V. iiiti-t iii< \ iiiliK |i<ii-li
\siiImiiiI u IkiihI Iniiii; lllli'il ill il'< liViMir. 'I'Ihh :ii<
llir |iii'c|i '• lii|i'< |i|'i|iiii.'iili il till' ii'^cN liy llii' \liiiii,'iiU Ml
llll> lliml III' |IIIHtlll'l'M \r|'lli4'l| 'llll' l|l'M'l'll<l.llll~ lit
(irliuliis Kli;iii nil' rciiiilli^ li.ii'k ll'iillltli iiliiiit m)
tin- Wi'Mt lo tl Iiiillc n| ihrir iMi'i' ; miil lliiS 111'
l'<i|llill;{ lull'k ll'il Hilly CIII'Ii'Im <l llV till' |lillll^C •il' mil
i|iii'i'i'i| iiali'iii^. Iiiit llii'V nil' l>i'iii;;iii^' dark trii|>liii"-
ri' |iii', hill- ill, 111 till' I'.iir-t h|ii)ii -iirtH, iiii|ii<iry. mill
till' Minis III' llliiili'l'tl r\\ JliHillinli,
One \M III I liiliin' li'i'iiiiii iliiii; witli lliis -iiiliin't, n^
III llic ){i'ii;{i.i|ili\ III Hill' Mii-ii'ii\ ill' iiit'iinii:iiit, »li'i.
mIh'Ii sjiiiikiii'^ III' Uaikil, imlul'^i's ill niiMiii;!' >|ii'i'iil.i
liiiii-* ii';;iiriliii'.' un.il l.ikrH Inn I liy ir iiii'iiilium lill-i
ill iIh' i':ii'lli; III' ill.' Nili' lliiwiii',' liiiii llll' Mi'iliii I'
I'.iiiriiii rriiiii smiif ^I'l'.ili'i' iiiiii'i' w.ii 1. wliii'li mi ilic
III llll' >il|l' lIll'ilWS ||mV\ II llll I'ljllll illlllll'l lilW ill'ils I III'
liiiliiiii M'a ; iiii'l III l.ikc lliikiil --I'liiliii;^ turlli \v;ri'i's
I.I till' jJivi'i' Aiiiiiiii' llll iiiii'i'liiiii lH'iii;{ tlii'iiii;li II
-iiiiill river III- ii'iliiiiaiy, tin' Si'lcii'^.i) mi mii' >ii|i'
'I'lWii til llll- r.ii'lli' mill llll ,l:i|iiiii lil:iiii|s, wliili- ml
llll' iitlii'i' till' Aii',Mi'ii, |ii-.-iii^' iiilD ill' S'riii'<»i'i, |ir 1
i Is liy :i rii'irsi' ul iii'ii'ly L'.'iiMI mil' s inrlliwaiil In
llll' Kill/I'll • ». I'liii
Sow «illi ri';,'ii'l I'l AlVii'iii liyi|i'i,'i'.i|.li\, iln'
I'xisli'iii'i', iiul III It V ilrmiii' I'it'l, liiit III II ijii'iit. ri'iili'iil,
.•|l'\:lll'i|, Mil I yi'l rtll.'lV |ll.llrilll, lil'il |ll' I lili lli'l llV
Sir U. I . Muii'liis . I. llll I sill ir.ili.ir.iii'ij In l.um;;
stmii!, S|ii'ki', I'liii lull, iiiiil iitlii'i's, Ills lii'i'ii jii I K' 'li'
si;{iiiili'il 111 I' llll' III ist I'i'iii ir!> ilili'iU'H'ii\ III • '.r II-
kiml III' llll- i| ly. S I- iiilly, iijilimi^li Itki'iiil Kii|ir
iii\ slilii'il i||i' |iiilili<' liir a .sliui'i iiiii' Willi I Mi|i{i i-i'i|
I .til t'lilil I'liiii'si' III' till' (i.hlji'li iir Uiiii, I'li'ki' liiiiiM'll'
rmii'ili'il till' I'liiir, lull iml in linn' tu |il'i'\i'iil iis jnu
|i i',{:iiiiiii . mil nil li iiii.'li I! iM'iisli'iii ins in iIm' iniji
.iitiirlii'il III Kriiils tr.iv.'U Ml I |i' ill" I! \ 1' 1 1 III lii.v
111 I 111' lli'liiiii t l.'i' 111 I'ruiil iri iii-i'4iii:ii' I'll I I >■■ it llll'
I'liit iil'llir NiiiiWt l\i'ii<.i, wliili' ill.' I'lrilli ri n' rn'iiri
lluws I'll nil till' III In I -i li' 111 ill- W liiii' Nil'-. 'I I 111 III 11-
-iiy I'Viili'iii'i', tlii'iv IS nil ri'i-i.i li li..|i.v.. ili.ii nu
-iirli .11111111111111 iiiimi i.\i>is I'lii liiilv iiui lii'i' I \ii 111
ul .111 r.|iiil I'limiii.'l lit' wali'i S|i 'i.i-, I'l ill. .11. iiiiil
l.iviii^?tliiiii''s ilisrii\i'i'ii's i;.i 1.1 sliiiw nuil.' II 'I'l'. Ti'iit
I'lili'r III' lliiiii;'*. .Vii'l l.islly , IIS 111 Liki' It.iikil li.iviiii;
II lliiw ill Iwii ilin'rlimis ; it. is mi I'lnr. Tln'i'i' i- im
luiiiliiniiirnlimi lielwri'ii tin- Siliii'^n .ilnl lln' Auiun'
mil il tlirri' WHS, ii- lln- .'^I'liiii,' i ll iws (,//<i|,iki' I', nl^il,
ll riiiilil iiiil Ht llir smiii' linn- iiiiiy Willi' liin'k lu llll'
Aiiiiiur. Wliiit tin- wrilir |ii'iili.ilily linl in liis IiHmI's
I M- WIS llio |iiis.sili|i. ii|ii'iiiin{ 111" a iiiu i;;,ilili' I'uiniiiiiiii
iMlimi lirlwi'ili till' ll|i|irr Wilti'l-.s ul' lln' .'si|i'li:,'.l nlnl
ll il'llii' A III. ml', liy wliii'liii liiii' 'A' IMS i:,Mi iiiii ..|
uiiinlrimH I'xti'iil mill iiaiiii'iisiir.ilili' iiii|i.iri.iiii'i' lu lln
t'liliiri' wiiiilil 111' ii'iliiiiii'il.
VII. - SlItKlilA.
At tin' liri,'illllill); 111 llll' .sixli i-lilll ri'llllirv, till' niiiiiil
(|Ui'sliiiii, w ll. llnr liii'li ll isni 111' ri\ ills ilimi, Miilinn
iiii'iliiiiisin III' t 'lirisliiiiiil\ . »ns III lull' llll' il.'-liiiiis ul
Nm'lirrii .Vsiii, «ii;' ilrriili'il li\ a liii|iii':i s I .liliir. Tin
Iraili' wliirli llll' itiis-iiiiis liiiil I'l'irnllv lii-unli lu i mi
ililrl willi I'liikli llll mill I'l'i-iii alraili' wliusi' liiM li{i
iiii'iit tlii'V all' I'Vi'ii nuw- sliiwly lull si inliuiislv m.^'ini;
wa.s .sii Iri'ijiicnlly and cMiiisivi'ly |iliiiiili r. .1 li\ llir
Cii.HsiK'kH III llll' |)iiii, tliiit |\mi jla.siliiN iisrii, atii'r liis
iuiii|iirst iif Kiir.in mill .\ -I niklinii. iliiiiiiiiii.il In pm
iliiwii llii'sc lirii,'miil Imnli--, ninl ili ■■|i.ililiii| ii liiinirrun-.
I'lirri' wliii'li ili'fi'.iliil ami ili-{ii'i'si'i| llii> luiiiililii
.\iiiui|.,r llll. I'liijiljvrs w.is ^ .ii'iiiak riiiiii\ 111', urii.'iii.illy
Mil' li'inli r III' II iiiiiiii'i'iiiiH ami ui'll ui^'.iiiist'il liiiml .
with i;,iniii rii||.,N«.,.|.^ lii'liiil liiw.iiU llll' Norlli. mnl
Miiii.'1't n ■ri|._'i' nil till' liiinks III' llll' Kiiiiia, wliiiv tin'
I iiiiily lit' Sii"ii.'niiuH' linl It liulmy l.r Imrlnr 'aiiIi tin-
i^il'iriiilis Sliuiinm.ll'. wliiiiiuiil Kiitrliiini Klniii, llir
.Siliiiimi 1 liiil .1 '.'iii'lui' (nrw'M'inl nlliii ks nii liisini lilt
-illli'iiii'iii -, w iiliii'^ly a--istii| N irin.ik \»illi iiiiiim mnl
-ii|i|ilii'-, in llll- winli'i'iil l."»77, Inr un lln iii-inii nil till'
.'^il'i't'imi trriii.iiv, N'miiiak -ii mit in tin -nmiii i ul
I'l"'' liMt I'.iiliil tliliiii',;li i.jiiuraliri' 111' tin' ruiinl i \ . nml
niiii'inil 1. 1 Ills iilil i|ii,iiii.|- in llll' i'iisiiiii^> i>|iriii:; In
•Iniii'. I 7''. N'mni.ik slaiiiil iim w, aIiIi mi miii\ ir
lln I In .'i.iiiin iiii'ii, lint will virliialli'il, mnl iimltr
Itiis-i.iii rnluiirs, llll. --Ill dy tint rliiirt'li. mnl ilriniiiliil
with tin' ill! I'.'i's 111' siiiiii- ll link liilii iiiilil lln I'lii'i'
III' |.i>>ii 111 iiiili 'riliinL,'i "11 lln '11111111. In wliiili liiiii'.
wliil Willi ll ii'l tiu'liiiii'.', ill it'|ii'ili<l -kiinn.slns wnli
llll' '{'ml 1 1'-. I'll infill- mill rn kiif-s, liis.'i.l'liii liail ilu imili ll
• liiwii In I'll"' NiMi llnlrsii, tlicy Imlilly niKmniil
ii',^aiiisl Kiililiiiiil K li.iii. mnl Hiirr a si'i ir> III' virlnl'li^,
rami' iluw II n|iiin nil i'lirnlii|iliii'nl i'l I In ir ^n ill I'ln-lny .
Ili'lir llll' I'l'lltl'i' nl' lli'« l|u|llill|n|IK. Ill llll' jlllntinll 111
llll' Ini^l. nil. I lln Si. llll. I InlihlliiiVt'il lillnl l'\ tlin
I11S.S ul' llll ir rmiii'.i'li^ nr liv tin' nrriiy nl' llir lliniismnl-
tlial waili' 1 tn ri'iini' llii'iii, till' ('u-»tmk- In 'jiin ami
I'lnliil tills mil' luiiii'-l Mmri- lulwri'li l'!iiii.|.i' mnl
.\-iii, Willi a sjiirit \M.|'lliy III' Mmiillinii. .\llri nii
iilfiiii.i. -iiiiL'^lr. tin' 'I'liiimit <*( rr riiiiiiil Willi I'liir
llll I'll II. .;i'. wliili' Knlrliniii Kliali liiiiiM ll Willi
ilillirilll V 1— .i|.i.| Kinlii llir Inliltil' \iil<iiy ^'mll.nk
ili's|iili In I jiiil i.f III- still iiiulT M I lnll^ly iliiiiini-ln i|
I'.irii- III -!..iiii. if 111 11 KMiry . till' I'liitli'-s III' Slim, lln-
I'l'-iili'in'.' ul llll' \ iin|iii Inii ].nl ititair , l.iil Kiililiiiln
Kliiiii llll ll'.l. mnl ^ mmiik \mi> iinwmil -u\iii'i;;ii
III' llll' S.|..| ami lln> ll'li^k. Tin' 'riiilm's lli.i kiil
t'liiiii all '|ii llll- III ntl'ir tlii'ir mlln.-inn mnl pay rr-
iiniiiil li.li. . lu till! iniri'|iii| i'<iiii|iii'iur. Viiiiniik
iiuw SI 111 .11' a r.iilliliil I ii-.-iii k tu Miiinw. willi a
pii-i III ul III .-I \.ilii;ili|i' I'm-, mnl nil ullit ul In- mu
i|iiisls. ri.i. I ii-i 111 (if II kim,:ilulii AiiH niiniuiisly it
iiiM'il ; Ins miilias-inlur iiIhiiu'iI -jkilli mnmy, mnis,
lilnl nil II-- tii'.iini' nl ii-.-i.-laln r, tai^itlni Willi |ili'-riils,
iin'linliii.' In' Nniiiiak liiiii-« ll' tin lii;;ln'i Imm iir ul'
III iil'l fir 1.. it I'l.t till' r lii|iriiir liilii-i'.l liail w.iii.
.Ml iiiiw lull' N'lii'iiiiik li"t uiiIn liiailil.iiiK'il III- lull
.|i|i'-l- lull I'M II iMi'lnli'l llniii . lit' liul mil\ liillliil
.ill Knirliiiii Kliiii- mil iiijiih tu iiinvir lii^ I'mwn,
liilt I'Mii |i. iiilr.il.'.l iiilu till' viiUrv ul'llir t ll 111' iiliiiM'
il- jiiii. tl.iii Willi llll' liii-k. ."-uiin' .Mm liiis-imis iir
nw.l til 11--1 I liiiii, ami In- iiiinli' rxi in-iniiH mi all .-iilis.
Ill ritiiiniiii; Imni nm. nj' tln-c 1 \|.rililiiin-. Iir liml
I in'iiiii|ii' I III iliii I'M'iiini.' mi A Ml nil iviiiiiil I'm iniii l.y
I tin' l.i.im In - ul llio ll'ti-k. 'I'lic liit;lil «a.s >lmk iml
rmny. mnl llin li.iu|.s, wlm wire IIiIi^ikiI with 11 Imn;
' inirrli, ri'li'-'l i"<> iiii|ilii'iily t'ur Ntlniy uii ilii' >tiitt' uf
llll' wi'iiilnr ami ilm Htri'ii;;tli nl' tlnir |in>iliuii .\y-
|.|i-ii| liy liis Hi'niils lit' fill' liii iiin-liiini -. Kiililiiiiii
Ml III siliiiily t'nr.li'.l ihn rivi'r witli a iIh.m n limnl.
runiinn SII iiin'\|ii ill illy mi Ins sli • |iili^' \ iriiliis ns lu
|.|i'i linli' till' ii-i' ul' tlii'ir iiriiis. llll' Uiis.-iaiis, In lln-
nniiilii r ><( Viiiii. wiin mt tu |.iiii.h hIiiiusI willn.iu
ii-.i-lmiii'. mill mily min man n-. .i|iii| tu 1 airy tin' m w s
ul llll' i'nlii>li.i|ilii' tn llll' •.Miii-mi 111 Siliri. I'.Mii in
llll- iiw llll 1 1' III' .'iiiilii-iuii ami slaiii'iiti'r Vainiak'.s
ml iij.i.lil \ iiiM 1' |.ii'-..uk liilii .Ml. r inaiiy iii'l- ul
lii'|..i-lii, In llll III- w.K llii.niuli l.lr' I'liiMliy tn i.Lr
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
//
{/
4
A
i'.
V c^
.<$•
*V ^^
&
^
/*
^
1.0
I.I
1.25
■^1^ 12.5
1^ ill 2.2
1.4 III 1.6
PhotDgrapbic
Sdences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
W5i»STER, NY. 14580
(716) 873-4503
o^
ii. ;:i^
ill \i
U
! HI!
i.
9fto
AT-L ROUND THE WORLD.
THE ARGALI (OVIS AMMON), OR WILD SHEEP OF SIBERIA.
wmIiTS cdiii'. iiii 1 111' wiiiiM iiinst |inil)Mlily liuvo itself of tin" ilivisinDB aiii<'Mir>t tlir Tiiiliir ]■! i |iK' and
escM|pt'ii tV'iiii Kiit.'lium Kliuii ainl all liis 'I'artais, it' In' riuljlivs, tlu' tuviai')' uf w li' in ;h iiiIm il ^'ailiiali and tin:
li lil not, while attrMi|iliiiijii) L;i't iiitip a lioat, t'lll'ii into eondnet ot' llie llii.->iaii>. disliking' KiHilii.m Klian loi-
tlie river and MinU in>laii(ly to tlio liottoin. tlie uei^^ht ids intoler.dile zeal in I'lujiaiial in;; tlie iMnliaiiiiiieiiun
of iii.s arnioiir preveiitiie.; lilin tVoni svviniininL;. 'i'lj'.is taitli, wliiie tlie l.itler wen- di ^i|■lllls ol jncserv iiij.' tlieir
Jierislieil. alter seven years ot coii^t iiit warlare, tliis rela'ivc iinlejieiideiire. A Kodv ol oliO Jiii.-.iaiis ai emd-
fiiter|ii'isiM\' leailer on tlm ijtli d' .\ii-,'ii>f, l-VSL Ills in',dy |ienei lali-d to tlie 'I'aia witluuit o|i|.iJsitiiiii, Ijidlt
Ciir|ise was e.\|p.iseil to I'very iiisiih liy oivli'r of Kni- tlie Knrt of 'I'ara, and tline waitiilfor reiidolci nici.ls.
elinni Klian. lii'.t tin' Klian's own followers >howril 'I'oliolsl-;!' and 'I'ara were Mil.Jnijaled, and foidi s.- es.
iiidii,'nation at siieli iin'.;eneroas f.'roi-ity, and re|irM lelied areordiiiL; to the l:n^^ian (and .Itnninn) Msteiii, (.--ta-
liotli tln'ir leader and tlieaiscd\es for h ivinij perinitied Idislied ; to eoiisolidale the eolii|ni st naac towns wi le
indignity to the veiieraMe rem liin of so ^reit a hero, luiilt, colonies jilanled. aid .settltinelits I'-tahlisIa il in
'J'liey eoliseerated Varni ik's in iilory, inteired his liody the most distant parts. Those trihes of 'J'altais who
with all their >ll| ■ rsl ilimi- riles, .md cill'Mel ^ei-iliees Wi'l'e llol readil\ redmalile to olnlieliee wele at nine
to his manes. I a uorl, ihey re^' iril ■ I S'a.-ind; ,is ;i eMi'iininate 1 ; mid selin ! h iliLT lihe I he ^aiiie ii.c ieih>s
j;oil, :tiid .1 '.e-,ii'd his Imly, his I'loihi'^, his ar.ii^ and erueliy uhieli eliaraeleii.^ed ihi' "^ii.iiiiards in ^nntli
his tomli, with miraeii'ons p overs and pioperi les .\ neiie.i w.i- prnii^i d in Ml.. . i.i. .\l mdi iiioie would
l'"or a wliili' the l!ii--iin l-l npire in Silp-rii wis .ii have I n done, and llu' l!iis-i,ins would, no dnid.t,
an end. as the renriins ol' hi^ >iii ill hind with drew Iroin haiehad po~e,^i..ii il ,ili .MoniT'ili i. had not the ji alousy
Sihri. Iiul the ;.,'o'irt ol' .Mu-ovy s^'i...'dily av.iled of • he ( '|iine>e interl. i ed The two p()W(,r.s lie I on Tio
BAZAAR AND FAIR AT N E R TCH I NSK, ~R U SSI A IN ASIA.
UP AND DOWN THE AMOOR.
3oa
• ]iri |il'' iinil
till; Mini tlii!
Ill Kliiiii t(ir
lllllllllllil'liull
I ixiiif.' tln-ir
inns ill ri'id-
isiliipii, biiill
litmri lliclil.-
il li'itri M cs.
Ivi-trlll. (.-tM-
tuw n> \\ ( M'
,ll^lllll ill
irt;il> wliM
.1 I. lice
IM Irilc-.^s
ill ^llll1ll
.11' Wlillln
, J, ;, :..'■>>■
IH 1 Mil 'llO
banks of tho Amoor, as we liiive ln'foro iiiirnitcil. The i
ODiitcst WHS carriiMl on tnim liiKO in lOM'J, wlioii the j
Russians ccilcil a (•(iiisiiliTaMc tcrriturv ami tlic navi-
gation of the Amoor. 'Phciliscovciv of K;llll^i^•llall^■a anil '■
its adjacont islands in tin; uarly jiai-t of the i'ii;iitiM'Mth j
contnry, as well as the proximity of (•uiiiiiicntal !
America in the arcliijii'iaj^o of isliimls lii.'twccii. maile j
the value of this rivi'r more iiatcnt, ami IlmI to that
ultimate recovery ami aililition to Itiissian rij,'hts on
the Amoor whieli we have cliroiiiclcil almvc
Not only were the peiisaiits of Silirria iciiiarkable for
their civility, hut all jennies of society are ilcci<lc(lly more
intclli;,'riil than the corrc^pomliii!^ classes in any other
]iiirt of licr empire, ami perhaps in most ])iirts of
Elll■op(^ The system on which Silieria has hec'u and
eontinnes to he .•oloiiiscil is admii'alile alilic in theory
ai il practici! I'he perpetrators of heinous crimes aro
si'iit to the mini's ; those who liavi^ lieen hanishcd for
minor deliiiipicmies are sett'cd in villages, !■ farms,'
and political olfcnders (except, indeed, in cases of con-
spiracy or treason) arc f^enerally estalplished in littlo
knots, coinmnnicitiiii; to all anmnd them a dcfjiee of
icliiiemcnt nnkiiown in other liidf-ci\ iliMil countries.
Ill fact for the retormiiiL; of the criminal (we will Miy
noihiiii; ot the (l.irk reveist' of the |iictnic— tin piiiii.-li-
mcnt of political olfendciv), in addition to the ] iiin^li-
iiieiit of the crime, .Siheiia is nndoiilitedly the lic.-t ]ieiii-
tentiary in the world. When not had eianjih fur the
mines, each exile is |irovided with ii lot of ^'roiiiid. a
house, a lior.se. two cows, and ai,'iiciiltiiral ini{ hiiKiits;
and also, for the first year, with provi ions.
I''i a- three years he pays no t.ixes wli itever, ami lor
the ne\t tell only half of the full an nt. To lnini^
fe.ir, as well as liope, to operate in his lavoiir, he clearly
nndcrsiaiids, that his very tir-t slip wid send him from
his ho ise and hi-- family, In i..il, .i.. ;iii ipiilea^t, in tliH
mines.
.'\t pre-^ent mines an 1 uM>lh'iie.; :i' i very niit'iv .iir-
nhlv (Ml t 'e> setllem 'lit an I ciiii i\ .itioii nf Silicri.-i, hy
calliii!; away the lahoiirei's from more steady occiipa-
pa'ion to till' ja'ccaiioiis pmsiiil of the i.reeioiis ini'lals.
The province of Vciiissci alone has \ i. i leil in one y .r
ridO )io.ids (l).(MIO 11..S.) of gol'l. ill" iiio^t vaUiahle
washcrii'S are tho.se on Tanj.nislia. whieh fills into the
river that i,'ives ninies to tl i^lnei, a eiin^iderahle
way to tlienoiih of Krasno\;ii--.k Tin- liclie-i wishiiifr
tract in Eastern Siheria is .-aid to he the triangle
formed liv the .\n!jara to the east, the Yenissei to
the west, and t.'liim-se Tartary to lln- -iiitli. .\s an
ilista'ice of the speculative natiiii' of llii< Mciipation,
one individnal is ineiitioncd who, living at K i-.i>ieiyaisk
in Western Silieria, on the Yenis.sci, eiiiliarked in the j
laisiiiess, and olitained no returns tiir three \e,irs,
will 11, in one season, he was richly repaid fur his out- i
lay of a million and a half of ronhlcs (alioiil l.v. each)
by one liundred and fifty poods of gold, worth JiVjOOO
ronhlcs, or rather more than live milliiins and h half
in all.
The roads run for the mn.st ]iart through iiiidii'..itiiig
phiins, and the country, ii.i ymi lca\(' the iimre extensive
northern regions, is wtdl wooded and settled, the
villages heiiig niiiiieroiis along the road.s. Incichiiiun
and village, hy the hy, along the great thoroiighf ins,
there is an ostrog, or wooden lort, used for locking up
the convicts while ])assiiig onward to their r<'spi'ctivo
destiirtiions. Kach of these has a sentry at the door.
The coi.viets travel in parlies of two or tline hundred
eacli, very lightly chained together, with a military j
escort ; and in order still furtli(<r to prevent escape,
sentinels are .stationed at every three or four miles on
the road. Another object con.stantly before the
traveller's eye is the great number of small carts on
four wheels, each drawn by two horses, and loaded
with twenty poods of tea, on its long and weary way
from Kiaclita into liussia, at a rate of .f 10 jier um
for carriage to Moscow, or rather nion! than fompciice
n pound, and almost cipiivalciit, to the con.sniners, to
the duty wi! p.iy oiir.sclves, to whom the cariiiig(! by
sea covts less than one hall'peiiny )«"• pnuiid.
Si ena. fi'i-iiierlv dciiuminateil (ireat Tartiiry, is
bnunded hy the l-'ii.zeii Ocean on the north, by the
IMoiig'ils ,'iiiil Western Tartars on the south, by the
I'acilii < 1. eaii, China, and (.'hinese Tartar)' on the ea.st,
and on the west by Jvussia licrself
Of the .iilvaiit'igcs accruing to liussia from her jios-
.session of >il eii.i, the most ob\ ions is the fur trade;
in which, indeed, oiigiiiated her primary footing in
norlheni Asia. Anika Sirogonolf, grandfather of
■^■.irinak's ally, had esliih!i>lied himself at Solvytshc-
gnil>kaya, a town in the government of Voloyon, fur
the purpose of inaiiiifacluring .salt. He soon found a
inori^ attiactive trade in his intcrcoiiise with the inha-
bitants of the north western parts of Siberia, receiving
from I hem large ipiant'ties of the choicest furs in
I'Xih iige for toys and other < i minoditics of trilling
value. It was in coiiseipiene,' of his siicce.-s- a success
rewarded by the gif'l of an iininense tract id' land on
the Kam.i and Tcliiiiso\a- that .lohii Hiisilovitz the
Koiiiili. being the .second czar of that nanii', sent iicrn-s
the Siberian .Mountains an expedition, which resulti d
in inipo>ing an annual trihiile of a ihniisand sables on
one of the iieighbiiiiring chiils In tin ir new Mllle-
nicnls the ."si I'ngonotis ]iro.-.eciileil the far tiade mole
vigoroii>ly than ever ; and it was in a great incasnie
through the profits of this same busiiii>s th.it ^'al■lllak
was pio\ i'led with the means ol iinre i xti Inled and
Jicrm.iiient euinpiesl. ( llory. dniiiini. ii ard decile ot
pushing e;i.-t»ar.l. have iiryed the ('.ssicks onu.iid.
step liy step. Keyoiid lli ■ n Inole-t liouinls if Asia; but
"skins." of M.iue kind or oiher. h.ixe always been
at once I lie ba'lge ol Mibjeelion and the gucrihai ot
victory
The fur linle still, in spite of iron mim's and gold
wa>lieiie- is till' most \aliiabh' branch of Siberian and
l!ii -iaii ( melee. NatiM' fur, to the v. due of scm n
inil.i'iiis and a half of roubles, are annually bartered at
the fair of Kiaclita, om r .'11111 above all the skins that
find their way to the westw.ird as far as Kishiii
Novogoi'od I and .Moscow. Kill's are an object of pur-
* Nl^Ilni N"Voi; reil U III) iiiu'ii'iit iniil cile TiiU'i! eily, I'licf tliL'
ciipitiil itJLTi'.it Ki'|iiililic witli li'll.dOO si'iils wiiliiii iis «iill». lis
nsiili'iit i«'|,ul.iii"ii is new inluci'il tn iilniit -I,! (Ill, fill* it is siill
tiiiii Its till' the II. n>l iiii|M>r!:Mil iiiitl I'vli'ieiM' lair in tlie vMirld.
'1 lie l'i'"\i'it> tl.i'iiiiu'lieiil Kn»iii mill (iriat Ti.rtiny \mis. nt enc
time, " W 111' cull resi-t (ieli Hint till' (ircilt NeVej.lirniU" Vclirthe
(ireat niilleil it liy I'l'iliuvilii: I lie I'llpilltl llinil Mnscnw In tlie slu.n >
lit 'In' (iillfet l-'iiihiliil. lis iiiiiiiciiiiis Bt.iiiles, a |iiiitiiin iil il-
ci'li'irily. presi'iii a (listiiieti'iii iif wliirli its iiilialiitiinls iirc innuil.
I he iniss stuiiils aliihc at tin' tup, linai'i'dliiiialiii'il li\ tie crcsniit ;
:iii eiiilili"ii that till' tartars, in all i.clirsieiis, m\ii micci edul sn
I'lr asloi iitertlii' eily. Tliisdi-tineliim iini\ersiill\ I oUlsiii Uii>sin,
tl.e r('i'i>ii(|iieri'(l ciliiM lieiirini; the cn'sceiit, l.iit siuiiimiiiti'il by
the (Tiiss. In the tiiir time t«o nr tlirec l>ii liicd tliMisiiiid
|ii'0|ile I'liHll all parts nl'llie Old ( nlltilii'llt lire said tn cnllt;ri'|'ate,
iiriiiLriiiir ^^i'li tiiem ilie wares nt' their ri s) eeiixe cnimtrii s. Ili re
mav lie sell llnl,!i:c ialis, (Ire-k, Chilli se. SpaliiiiHts. PersililiS,
Italians, 'I'aitars, ,IeMs, (iermans, l'jii:.i-li, t'leiieli, .^e. Ae. 'I'lip
t.rude IS as variuus un tlii! cruwd i* iiintley, innsiiitiiig iif tliv tial
I ■ i
■ii !
I i
i: !l
il :'
ii; i
ll^ll
^.^^^C^t^^^C^^
■ > . — -,^
L iijjof
Tl'Masl" SdRCl'KlSS AM) NA IIX'I :
MAMi llLklAN> AMI IIM.LSIANS ( iT llll'. IKAN-- UAiKAl. M.SI'Kli. T.
rfSf
i._.rf*a
m
/'
^'
-■-Att
1 , i.:t
iii
!■ L.;
inn
Hi i' : 1 [! :i ^
ifi
tii
UP >''!) DOWN THE AMUOR.
307
Biiit tlii'ongliout the wholo country. In tlu' nHici:!!
rotiiriis lit' till! C/liincse traile, tlicrc :i|i|i('iii' tlic si|iiiinls
of tli(^ Yi'ni.s.sfi iiml tliu OIm', witli tlic; cniiinrs of tlic
Kivcr Irlisli iiml tlio l!;ir;itinsky stfi)pi'. Tlie .utiml
n(lv;iiitin,'e (Icrivoil liy Russia Iimiii tlio fur tiadi.' nf
Silii'Hii limy 1k^ faiily I'stiinatcil at a liif,'IiiT stamlaiil
tlmu tliat lit' mere rDuMcs, on tin; one .sii((cial firoiiiiil.
that the liniiicli nf I'oiiiiiii'rco in i|iii'stion must have
foruinl the inaiu iMilucciiii'iit Cur the Ciiiucsc to o(ii'ii
all inlaiul trafllc with their ncii;lilMiiirs.'
'riic (.'liiiii'so trailf, iiiili'|icii(li'iitly uf its cliri'cl
liL'Uflits til individual nirnliants and niaiinl'a.-turcrs,
^'iv<>s to Itnssia a |iosilion and an inliui'nrc in tin- coni-
incrcial world which, wilhont l-ilicri i, shf i-onid ui'Ma-
liavo aciiuiri'il. It larj^i'ly aids in |H'o|ilin;,' anil rivil-
isinj,' Silii'ria, which nuistearn at least l',n(){l,(l(l(l of the
.'i,L'(IO,()ll() roulih'S i'X|i('ndcd on the transport to an,i
from Kiachta ; and every iilace sends a eontrihntion of
niaiuifaotures to Maimatchiu in Itnssian leather alone to
the extent of G1,'J03 pieces, valued at G.iH, KIl' roubles.-
nml silks nf Cliina, tin- furs of Aini'riiM iiml Silu rin, tlio iMinlHuro
iif Kiij;Iiiiiil, tlic sliiiwls 111' I'irsiii, tin' nii'ijiUic Iri'iisuri's el llie
lornl ininHitiiins, li'iUlu-r, liiili s, talluw, l.risil.s, futttni, tulian'D,
hiH'st's, iMttlo, .111 I'liilU'ss fiitatif,'iie. Tin' liiisn.ss lasts tViiin the
W);iiiniii(5 of Aiijjust to the iiiiiMli' ol' S.'|itiaiihi'r j ami the
niiiuuiit of truiisurtioi'S isestiiimteilat ni'ie nr t. n iiiiUioiis sterling.
I'lavers, iiml tlie wliulo riiee orBhow-iueii anil sliuw-Hiiiiieii, reaji a
golileii harvest iit this lime, wliile tiiuusuiils, or, aeennliii^ to some
estimates, tens of tlumsanils of vnnii^ lailies, whose i'm-vA are their
ft 'tunes, are pn'seiit in ilue |iri)]niri,ion of nnnibers, from most of
the same regions as the ileal-rs theiiist-hi'-i. in the eliariliible liope
of in'oviding overy man with u iiarlner of congenial taste anil
lun;.'Uau'e.
' T'le nuantity of peltry thus solil may be jniljred from tlie
following ealeulation as to the tiirs iiiiporletl into Uiissia : — "()|
sables, there were solil at Kiaeliia orl^- Kty ; while at the same
time tliere were -t'^.S*.),') ])awa of the iiiiimal, the proihiee ol at
least 10,72;t ; so that, even if not one whole sable went to tin-
west waril, t^iere woulil si ill remain about twenty-two times as
miiiiy skills for ll'is^ia as for China, lint the Cliiiiese shuie of
the sables was nearly lis inferior to the Kussian in value as in
number. Tlu' 1(17 whieh fell to the lot of tlie Cele>tials wen' esti-
iniiteil, witii all the expenses of transport on their backs, at only
7,'t8t.> roubles, thus avera^'in^ Romethiii;^ less than sixteen roiibl. s
H-piiee ; while even at t>lekiiiinsk the iivera^»e price, as ah'caiiy
ineutiolied, of ihe sables of the Ohkama, taking two siieeessi\e
years toj^ether, was 2000 roubles tor torty, or )irecisely tifly roubles
a skin. A^aill, not a single inalten was ollereil at Kiaehla, while
lt,7'Jt pawspi'oveil tliiit at least ;!,(j',1S skins of the animal iiiii^t
have been jiroeiii'eil. Further, tliiTc were only 11.0 10 s'oits, tint
'J2,.'il.') tails of the creature, leaving at least ;t:l,5or> skins lor "tli.r
(U'stinations. Lastly, of foxes there were barely 200.0110, with
iil»iiit t!> 10,1 100 paws; so that ill leiust 150,0i)J foxes iiiust have
lieeii reserveil for aunt her niaiket."
' (lovenior Sim|isoii, in speaking of 'riiimen on the roail to
renn, gives us a curious insigbt inloliiis traile. " riumeii," savs h.',
"is the graiul ilepol of all tie goo.ls that )iass in either ibrecli 'ii
between Russia anil I'liina, bcig the point at which, on their
eastern routes, whether by latnl or water, tiiey may be salil, ai coni-
ing to circumstances, to S'lm-ate or lo meet. This thriviiii; town
carries on, also, a laige mule with llnkhara ami the Kii_;bi-,
cliictly in what is known as Uussiiin leitiier, ami, in luMiiiiii to
consiilerable i|Mintil;cs of this same staple iiiaiiul.ie;nr , ii
semis a goisl ileal ot bristles ami cotton across the I'raliaii
tloimlaiiis into iiussia, iilliiiiatclv , perhaps, to tiiul their way lo
KiiL'laml. it is, iiioreover, famous tor its rugs anil eaipcis,
having sent such iirli. les to Kiachta to tlie value uf ti-e thoii-aiiil
roubles. They ar.' olieii iiiaih' at home by the jiea^ant girls, wh i
liawk tlieiii tlinMii;li the tcwn at so many ion, hs a length,
inea-nriiig by the lair manufactuM'i' liersi'lf, ami ;is the Homeii of
the place ami neigliourhiK>il are justly ceh'brate.l for their iK'aiity,
this iiioilu of taking eai li young laily's iiieiiMire is, of couise,ii great
rcconniicnilation of her wires. In short, T'iiiiiieu is the only place
in Siberia, excepting perhaps what T'oliolsi, nnii have lieeii in the
Jays of its glory, that at all comes up to the KiiL'lish iileiv of a
•uug, plcowuit, iiiid pnisiierous town." SJiuukin^ uf liie pcumiuts
Till' livci-sof Silu'iia and its ijolil mines aii.l wusherioR
iiaveof lateyear.s added exteiisivt'ly to tliu ii'soniees o(
liiissia. iSilieria is her Australia and ( 'alifuiiiia, and
of eijiial iiii|Hirtance, as tending to develope Iut maiiii-
faeliiring and iigricnlliiral iiidastiy, and provide her
with a large inarket fur tlio eiiiisiiiuptioii of her lioiiiu
produce. ( )iiesiiij;nlareni'ct of a onld produeiiijjeotintry
lias shown itself necessary in a reiiiarkniile iiianner in
Silioria. 'I'lio yold liiiders liavi! lieem ij,'ricnltniists
and small iiianiifaetiirers, anil the liiissian (ioverniiiunt
is already coiiiplainin;,' and iiii|niriiif; into the feasiui
why the mini's have imt of late years produced eipial
amonnls with tlioso of the )iieci'diiif; years. Silniia
not lieinn a eoiiiitry to whieh people willingly ciiii-
j;iate — tliiiiigh they would do so were it hettev
known — the workiiii; pii|iiil,itiiiii does not increaso
prnporlionately with the tiicility fur olilainiiig wealth,
and the desire to enjoy it when olitained. Silii riii has
three eapitaln— 'I'oliolsk, Irkutsk, and ^'Mklltsk — the
fornier of which has of late years in some degree lieeii
.siiperseileil liV Omsk, till! new metropolis 111' Western
Silieria. It stands at the cuiitlneiice of the (Jlie and
the Irtish, in the midst of a .sandy )iliiiii. which presents
no tree of a larger si/e tliaii a dw.iif willuw. ( »ver thi.s
li;irreii flat, which exleiids on all sides as tiir as the (ye
can reach, the liitiim w iiids hlow fm-.n every |iart of
the cumpass withmit iinpcdiment, driviiio; liefure them,
in winter diil'ts of snow, and in summer clouds of dust.
There is a garii-oii of 4,0(10 men ; and it has lieeu
selected as the seat of the j^eiieral f,'uveriimeiit, chielly
with a view to the gradu.il siilijiigaliu'i uf the Kii'ohis,
w hu ui eiipy a v.ist tract uf euuntry all the way from
this to the Caspian Sea.'
in the vicinity, the same traveller says, "Tlieso were a well grown
race, a fact the more worlliy of n te, inasinuch as, accoriling to
our i ifonnation, this has not been r eordeil in the most orlhoiloi
style. Iiisteiul of being suckled by ;heir mother, the eliildreii of
this iieighbourl.ooil were said to be fed with cow's milk from n
small horn, having its tgp covered with a cow's teat ; and very
yoiiiiL' iiifints woulil learn to hold the horn themselves, and
gu/./.le in their crailles."
^ Not contint with this, the Itnssian Ooveninient have lately
)m»lied lorvvard anolhcr setllement tiOO miles from Omsk; tins
is Seinipal.itiiiski, or the Seven I'alaces, so named fniiii >■ ven
moiimls sa-d to be remains of aueient royal resiliences. I'aravans
are eoiitiimally passing between Semipalatinski and the (.'liinese
tow MS of Tashkeiiil anil Kaslikar, lis well as liokhara, Kliokan,
Saniarcaml and Varkand. llr. Alkinsoii iiiforuis us that they tako
out printed liu-sian goods, co]iper, iron, and hanlware, retuniing
with tea, silks, amldiieil Iniits, for Ibclairat libit. A large trade i»
also carried on with lie.' Kirgliis, supplying I Inin with silk ilies.ses,
tea, raisins, and wooileii bowls from I liiiia ; kalats (or gowns) of
printed calico, from Kliokan; Kiissian hardware, ii-on. copper,
and leather. T'he excliaiige lor tinse is bl.ick and gray fox-skins,
black lamb-si.ins, linrse.-, oxen, and sheep. The horses and oxen
lire ili'iven i I'.iistini Silieria, to the dill'ci-cnt gold mines. One
111 these Tailar tridus toM .\lr. Alkiiison that lie imported
OO.OOO boriiid cattle into Siberia aiinu, illy, eliietly for coasump-
tiou at the gold mines. He mentions, likewise, having freipiently
met the Kiighis with lierils of Ironi ;t,OiiO to 4,000 oxen, 1,500
miles IVoiii their homes, and ulKI from their ilestin .1.1011. When
the e.iiile are delivered at the mines, the men leiniiin a few days,
ami then start on their return— a very long ride. Their jnuniey
liimiewaid is by the post, as far as Semipalutinski, and then to
their hovels on the steppe oil liorsebaek. The sheep are driven
across the steppe to retropaulovsk, on the frontier* of Siberia,
and Iheiic" to I';kateriiiebm'g, wlieie they are killeil, and their fut
iin'ied down into tallmr. More than one million sheep aro
lii-oiiL'lit troin the Kirghis steppe yearly, which are disposed of in
this inaniicr. Tne whole of the taUow was, till witlii'i the last
live yeai'si, f invaided to Kiuoie; now the bulk is converted into
stearine, at the l.ii-ge works near Kkateriiielmrg. This establish-
ment supplies all Siberia with cuodles, besidui bendii.^ u gieitt
qiiiiutity into Uusnia.
m
ALL ROOND THE WORLD.
. I
Of Irkutsk wo have iilroiidy plvon a ilc'.scri|itiipii, ami
cif m:\iiy liarts ot' Ki.stcni Sil)cria ; wi will ]>riiori.'(l to
Yakutsk, tho cni'itul nt tiiu moro iiorthorly division : —
VIII.— MI''K AMONd THK YAKPTS.
A (.'iruiiii s work, |iiil)lisln'(l at St. Pi'tt'i-.slmrj;, prc-
sont.f, in tlic^ 4,'iiiso nt' a liiiij;ra|iliy and iin luroiiiit (if
tnivi'ls, a fc.ni|ili't(! ]ii(tuii' of tlit^ lito of a yoiiiix Uus- j
siaii, u iiativoof Yakutsk. T\nn, as hi' iiIisitvcm, is j
till' iiiily liciok ever wiittcn in the Yakutsk laii:;uaj;('.
Till' title of tlio work is " Uvariskai Aklilyk.i," itc.
(Hcvolulioiis of Ouvarovski). Tin' wrili'r w.is collcclor
of tuxes and duties tiir nine yeais. and was tliiis ihti's- ;
sarily eonipelled to travid ail ovir tlie eouiiliy.
On the left liank of tlie jjri'at Hiver Lena, al.oiit a '
liundl'ed kiesorkees (raeli kies is ten vcl'sts). near to the
Frozen Sea, is the town of .lijiaiisk or Shiyaiisk or |
<Kdiij,'aen, as we eall it. Here resided my father, who
was Jiaid liy tho distriet, and hei'e I was horn. When '
Ji;;atisk was struck out of tiie list of towns,' my
father, )» rforee, went liaek to Yakutsk. 1 was then
aliout four or live years old, and e.m only remend)er
that my fither's oeiMi|iation eouipelleil him to lie
ah.scnt fi'oui u.s, someiime.s nine months at a time ; and
that, during his al^-enee in thesi; loni; and |iainful
Journies, I used to sit at lioini' and ery with my mothei ,
for eoni|i,iny"s sake. Oni' mornin;.', ha\ini; W(,ke up
earlv, 1 was morl.idy frightened at the sij,dit of a
lirigand, of a terril>ly fincc a|i|iearaia'e, who was stanil-
\\\[i at the honse-dnor, rille in hand. I learned, to my
i^ru.it relief, that he was |ilaeed th(;ie on i;uard, to )irc-
veiit our ^oods liein^ piila^i'd liy his lirother handits
throu;j;h mistake. He w.is one of a Ijami of tiftei'ii
riililiei's, wiioh.id made their way from < )khot.sk, wheri^
they had 1 ii eonilemia'il to the salt-work.s, and,
haviiiLt escaped, were on their w.iy.ifthey eouldlind it,
liaek to l'".iirope (a not um-oinuion thiut; with the I'xiles
fent liy liu--i 1 to Siheria), rohliiuL! and plimderiiiL;
whiituver they could lay their hamls upon. 'I'hey had
couu" down the Hiver Ald.in into the l,en.i, and had
reachi'd Ji;;an.-k in boats. .Ariivinc; .at nif;ht. they
had surprised the .soldiers and the Ooss.iek j;uard in
their sleep, tied their hands and feet, and made them
so intoxieated as lo deiirivo them of all eonsciousness.
Jlaviiifj locked the unai-ils an<l jaili^rs up in the town
jirison, they then di\ ided into parties, ami plundei
v<l
the jilaee systematii-ally. In the morning, aliotit milk-
ing-tiine (nine or ten o'eloL'k), they reasseinhled in
front of our hiai.se, after suiressfully carryini; out their
Ciiup lie iiKitii, 'J'he.so ferocious and terrilde lookiiii,'
fellows had all lost their no.se.s, and were Bcarreil on
the faei; (they had lieeii hranded as tehms) tilid their
black visages seemed still daiki'r in the light of the
Linizier. However, on tho arrival of my father and
mother, they dropped their sw.iguering w.iys, and
assumed a lienevolent look, though still reeking with
the hloiid of one of their \ ietiuis. 'I'hey th.inked my
parents with aiipireiit fervour for having .assisti'd ) r
•vretches like themselves, on som(-' firnu'r occ.ision.
Nothing like this had ever heen .seen lieforo in the
Yakut country. Thu chief of these hrigamls, a
' Cuptttia C'ec'hnuic inentiims Zasliivask, llie first rniisicliTulile
liiiltiiip-phK-e tVnui Yakutsk, us a town (vnttuiiiinir seven Imiusc",
Hiid st'voii inlml)it:iMts. viz., two cliTL'Vimii (nf iliircreiit iicrsua-
Ri'ais), u iion-citinuu.ssiiiiUMlofTu'iT, atei secnuil ia 4">niiii:itii), a imst*
iimstiT, a iiirrebaiit, luid aa old umI.mv . — " I ..ii\(», duraii; my i
Bt'nacti in the navy, ami at a j.eriml ulien senaen w, ro scare*
seen a niercliant-Hliip with sixtt'ca irans and otiiy fifteen men
hut I nuver Iwlure miw a town witli only si'Viii inhahilants,"
(leorgi.in hy iarth, seemed not to he at all rdrecled hj
what was going on. lie «as a fellow of large statinc,
and W(n'e, in and aiiout his girdle, a perfec^t aiiuoiny
of pistols and daggers, which, with his silver laaided
ri'd-(;lotli jiantaloons, gave him a tnagnilicent appear
anee. I ni'Ver saw such a head in my life, ipid shall
never forget him, for he held me in his r.iins, and
regalial mo with idl kinds of cakes, to ke.p me from
crying. 'I'liankful enough were my parent.s, assuredly,
for heing spared that plniidering wliii'h ridned ,ill
around them. Aluait mill ilay, tho rolihcrs, after a
sumptuous lireakfast, took lio.it once more and reeni-
liark.'d on the Lena, carrying off a wondeifiil wealth
in liooty. The other inh.ihilants had run away into
the forest, and their tears and lamentations, when they
camo hack and found their homes desolate, were piti-
alile exceedingly.-
' Tho escape of uxili's is nut nil iiiii'onnnon tbiin; in Siht'riii,
and sniiu'tiuies occasions trnncndons iilarni thiotijxh the circuai-
jiiccnt (Miiiilry. In "Alkinsnii's 'I ravels in the Kcjrioiis of tliK
f'[ipcr and l.oivcr Aiiioor," 11 mt i.'eiilicinan rchd* s an event wliicli
ociiiricd in the Altai, (liiriii); tin.' iiK'iitli of SeplendnT, IHuO, iiiid
c.insed a tjreat si'Msation thriaitrhoiit W'eslern .^ilieria. A party
ot' ('ossaclvH thaiidcicd throuL'!! the iiaict streets of Daniiioiil, a
liltic attri* niiilniu'lit, and reused the chief of tin' inincis with tlal
intonuation ihat Sihcria w,,s hcin^ invjidcd hy three tliuiisand
.Asiatics, ivho were inarcliiii^c oa Hiirniioul, wlicre 4!i -Ot) Ihs. ot
Hold iiiid JS.iHK* Ihs. of silver were known to he depeslied. 'flare
caliiu iinodier despalch, increa^in^; tltc Iininlier of inviulers to
si'Veii thousand, anti that they w.re led hy an l-ai^hslanan (Mr.
Alkinsiin liimselt) -in fact, tliat the wid I ordi-s ol'A-i.i liiid liiest
fiirlii, heailcd iiy an Knu'hsli (ii n^liis Kliiin. A thiol despatcli
raised the nimihcr nt' the eneiiiy to ten tiious.iiid, and broii|:ht
news of n Kali. .lick nia-s:icri'. 'I'nioprt were iissciiililcd from all
sides. I'rince tiortschi. hell' loo elled from Dnask to .s^einipiiliitinsk
(on thu liordi rs of the Kiiyhis sleiipes), six hundred iniliH in
forty liours. 'I'lic si'lditrs piishetHorw aril, and I'vcrywlurc niet
the iiihahitants tl\iu<r, until, at l.ist, tliey oiine within earshot of
more accnrato iieclii^'cme, and it was iiscciiained tlmt this iilnrin-
inj^ inviision had its stance iu a party of forty ('iriMssisui prisoners
who had escaped fro. a tlio jjold mines on the liirions^a. I'lie-e
f'ljjiiive Circassians had ii > intention of invadini; the Itiissinii do-
minions, their ohiect being to CM-iipe trem tlie j:ri iii Siherian
prison to their liir distant lioim s. 'I'liey were prisoners of war,
and had heen sent to work in the inilies ot' Silieria. wllirli was
coiisideri'd aa act ot ::rcat cruelty. >urely. soldiers wlio had
hnively defended their lioiues deserved a hitter fate tliiin to lie
mixed Willi Ku^^ian convicts, many of win in were convicts of the
worst class. flicse liravc fiUows had licell eniployid at the ;:old
washiiiijsiin tin? Il:riiaiss.i, a i iv, rwliicli forms the h-ainilaryhi-t ween
the Ho\ernnieiits ef Irkutsk and Veni-sei. Kieiu this ]ilaco they
deti'rniiuedtoisiMp,'; an !, after many dilficnliie-.imide the attempt.
Ity the aid of sm:iil (pi.mtities of ^olil, which they nianap'd to
^ecreto during llieir lal'onrs, they proenn d a ritic and auimmntion
for each man troiu the 'l'artar.s, wlio concealed tlieiu in ii cavern in
the ni'iiintains, almat Kevcii ii iles fioin the mines. 'I he most
essential ri'ipiisit«s fa* their future success h;al new heen olilaincd,
hut at a cost of ten times Ihiir \aliie. 'I'liere W.IS no fear of the
Tartars heirayiii;; thiaii, as iheir own sateiy de]teiided on their
sceresy, and a terrihle punislmieiit awaited them it' detected wi'li
triild ill their ])o-scssion. On n Sut unlay alternoon, in the latter
end of ,lune, IS.'jil, when *''■■ l.ihours (if the day were emU'd, tlie
Ciiciissiansipiietly left the mines in smiill parties, (;oiiii; in ditl'erent
directions Tlii;; was done without cxcitiiii; any suspicion, and
they met in the evening at a reiidi'zvous, a ravine in tlu^inoimtain,
ahout six miles i'roni the mines, in a southerly (fireelioii. A stii.l
of spare horses were kept at pustares in the forest scveial inilcn
from their place of meet iiiir, and at ahoiit seven from tic mines.
\ larjje party of Circiissiaiis iiriH'ei'ded tow•ard^ this jilace, and
arrived near it just at dusk, and three wt-rc sent on in ailvniice,
<-arryiiiir their ritles, as if icturniiiL' from the hunt. 'I'he horse-
kei'pi'rs were driviiii; the animaU into an inclosnre to secure them
for the iii^lit. \Vlirii this was iiceo epli>li,'il. ill. v (liseovcred tlireo
ritles pointed nt them, and weie 1,1,1 tin y w.-uld he shot if tliejr
attempted to escajie. .\ shrill w histie call d up the other exiles,
who instantly .si'cnred the tliiee men ; I lie host horses ^vere nt oiio*
selected out ot astadof het ween Ihri'i' and four liniiilrud, and ya
two of their atlenilin's were threat hunters, and well ucipininted
UP iND DOWN TllK A.MoOR.
hi^
I. riu-i'
isv.in iiu-
\A of Will",
uliit'Ii Wits
who liiul
i!in t'> III'
.■irtof tin-
lit th.'p.M
y lu'twct n
]iiitlL' tlll'V
littciilpt.
im:i^^'i1 to
mmiiitioti
ravurn it)
I Ik- most
'i))tiiiii(.'(l,
■M'of tlM-
1 on lliiir
rtr.lwi'.li
tlio laltiT
ii(K-4l. tliu
lulillt'trtit
ii'ioii, and
iiioiiutain,
A sluil
1 mili'ri
iiiitu's.
jilact', 1111(1
lulvuiire,
lit.' liorsc-
curt' tllLMU
iTOil tlirce
ot if i\\vy
UlT CXill'S,
Ti' nt oiRie
d, and lis
tl
In *hi' spriii;* of tlifi samo yciir tlirsn hrigiiinls wcrt' i Tu lIil' iinTf! s|M'i'fe,iti»r, not otlniwiso iiitrrcsled, the
ciiptunMl iibiiut si'vi'iity kii'rt Worn Ji^^aiisk \>y imi\ iiMns td' .lii;,ui.sk wort; tita'Iy waiiiiii*^ in hraiity or
siddii'i's <K'S|nitili('il tVoiu ViiUutsk. Hut ;i very sniull Viiriciy. 'rii.-ri: wms iiolliin^' tH-oiywliorc lnit ii wide
part of th(! hi^nty was rotMivorrd, tho rest had hcon i;i»n Hat rountry, shut in hotwi'i'ii luw hills and thirk sorubby
8uniud or si(uandered in une way or another. wood, into whicU a ilii; woidd find muiuu trouble in
with the iti'iiintain rcpoiiH iirouiid, tlio Circassians rurricd
llicni all iiway to art as ^uidi's to thu Cliin .s(> rroiiliiT, and to
pri'vi'iit till' d'Mcovoiy ot their nuMns of tli^hl till thiy h:id l'"' a
^food start: moreover, tln'y tirned the renminder of tin* stud out
of tho iiit'lost'd tfnmiid, and d'ove tlieiit into the forest, to make
It appear .that they hail hrokeii Iomm-, and that the atis.-ut men
were seiireliin:; for tiiem. I'iiey departed, earryin^; t)!!' litly tiae
horsos. No time was lost in rt-aeliin'^ their trifids in tlie uieii,
who received tliein witli sluntsuf joy An lionr Itefore midni^dit.
w'litiit the miHMi roHc to li)^ht them on their way, th*'y cuuimunced
theirfli^lit.
Tlio hunters led thorn southward, throu^'h rnu'Rt'd passes and
over several ridj^es, witliout once stojipiii;;, till they reaela"*!, a
little before sunrise, a hiu'l' sumaiit, whenee they e(»uld look down
upon the gold mine, and -lisiinijai-'h the smoke eurhnj; up fn)ui
the (ires tlml are eoiist . :ly kept huriii'^' to drive away those
pests, the mnsqmtoes. Havire^ taken a last look of tlie place of
their exile, they lia'<teiied onward iiitoa ^ra-^y vai.ey, where they
fed their horses, and hreakinted. After a rest they puslu'd on
a;^Min. They presently eauH- up'tn a mountain torrent, overwliieh
'hey crossed with ureal ddlh-ulty. Their mareh was cotitinneil
till near nijjlitd'all, w'heii tln^y eneaniiu'd ni perfect seenrity, still
Keeping strict };uard over their ;;uide.s. Da the iveniii^ of the
f Mil th day they ascended the last sum ant of tlieS liaa, crossed the
eres*. of the cha.n, ami drscen led into a nnro v v iHey, when! they
eaeainped for tho nV^ht. Tiu-y liail now passeil the Chinese
frontier, and the puides knew no'hinif of the reijion heyond this
pnint ; they were, therefore, set tV-'c, ind then' rille-j lianded to
them. A ltooiIIv supply uf venison had h-ea oh' lined on tho
march, and tins eveniu;^ was pa-*srd in feistim; and enj 'vnent.. At
daylireak they separated, tt.e S lirri ins to rettnn to then- honn s ;
the Circassians were lel't to tlirir own tesunrees ui a wild re;jion
ahoundini; in dcp aU'l ra|)id lon-eai", lliit fo ce I tii -n to seek a
route near the head waters of many lavi^'e streams wliieii fall into
the V«nissei. Tins led them in a south westerly din'i'i loa, and
after a rideof fuir days, tliey reachi'd tint riv'-r, in I's hasai
between the Saian and I'aiiir'iou Mountain-. Here it is broad,
dec]), and rapid, rendering; n daiiir 'PHIS ro "wim, while to follow
the stream up towards its sonree woiijil t ike them t -o far to the
eastward, and mii;lit place iheni in iidiajerous position if pur-
sued. A little below them tlie ripids c Mnmenee, and extend
several miles to the end 'fa ijor^e, ri-nt ni tlie m mntain.iu which
are the (ifreat falls. At this place a body o: water. 2o(> yards in
breadth, rolls over n -u re>sioa of eise.des, 'i,S(l.> feet in hei>xlit.
i'be-ie are contained in a space of ah 'Ut ii mile, and the thunder-
ini,' of the water is echoed far over tlie mointains Under these
cireiimstances. the t'uLrnives were ohl'^d tosvim the river with-
out dehiy, which was not aeciiiiplished witiiont datii^er, as they
were carried far down tih- str.-am. 1 hey now entered into amost
njj^ijed ro'/ion, witli no i;uide but the scrtui:; sun, and they
watched it descend daily over tne I in 1 of their iiirth, loAards
which they coustanlly thrected thei.- coufse. Tnis was tln'ir tirs!
error —tboir route oiiijhl to have iji.iie simhiM'ly to the rans_'non
chain. After many days of <everet(n I, i tiey reach id the lliver Aiiinij.
which rolls iwer its rocky lied in an iin neiise torrent. This tbev
conld not ero-is. and they were co a pel led to I urn t > wards its source,
which brou:;ht them wli-re n itun' wi-ars her most -iavai.'eitspi'ct,into
a ^'I'onpof mounlaiase\tendiii'„nwcra vast -ji i.-e, that reaches U|) to
the shores of the Altin Kool or Allua Ka|"(l.ld Lake," to the
Tehouhshman, and to i)io litL^li pl.iteaa of the't'chouia, the most ele-
vated steppe in the \ltai. riiis recoil is a chaos of rocks, hiudi
precipices, deep ravines, and roarin.,Morrents. itfteii fonnini; impas-
sable birriers. MorclhiU thn-e wei-ks were pissed by the exiles
in tlnist! labyrintlis of rock, wooil, iuid water; while many vain
clForts were made lo cross tlie Ab:ikan The nameroiis ravines
throii'.;b which the mountain toiTcnts (ivid their way into this
river, and the lil^h )»reeipiees risini; aloui; its eom-se. eventnally
forced tlio wanderers to the sinitb-wcst. In a few days ttiev
readied the rei;iou of eternal snow, and saceei'ded in erossini; the
Abakan far up ttiwards its so nve. Another dilHcnlty now Inset
tbeiii —winter hatl alrenlv eominciu'cd in the hiijher reu'ions t<i
the south; wliicJi, with toe ru'_'^red nature of the country, innicd
them to the northward a most dan^^eroiis coiise. Had the un-
fortunate warriors known bat a hull' of the p'(t„n"aphy of these
regions, they would have euntiaued tlieir ronte to tliu uotiih, amt
cro-sed the Tan^u lU Mountains; bat tluir iminense suipwy jieaks
no iloiibt uUvined them, while the lower raUjji i tntnewist siemed
t(i invite tbem towards Circas.sia. After jiasKiii^' the TaiiLMicm,
and reaebin^f tlie country of the Kalkiis, nil danger from Siberia
wtaild have been at an end, and a ride >>t' twenty -live da\s to tlie
wtstward wouhl have bronj,'lit tbein to the Kir^diis triU's, amon^
whom they would have found a lanmiaue ttey understocd and »
veli^'ion like tlieir -wn, and bnve met with Iriemis to nid tin in in
their Itui^; ride over the vast Asiatic iilains, in the direction of
their lioincs. Instead of this they entered into a nvioii, the
physical nature of wliieh jiradually lorced tlieiii to thenoitli-west,
and at len^ftb they ^l^uck upon tlie eastern hboies of the Altin-
Kool. Here their last chance of kuccss presented itselt". A
aialignmit fate, b(»wt'ver, seems lo liave ]iut>ned them. This
larjje lake, with its rock Imniiil chores, sli<pp<d tluir prnj^rcHS
westward; Htdl a route wits cipcn for them toward the Tclnaiia,
whence a ride of tifteeii (ia\s would have 'aken thein across the
IvoiirichuuK', and into ji place of security. Hut here aj;ain, a
sin;^Milar fatality turned tliciii towards the norlb. 'J'hcy came
upon that part of the lake which extends in a ntatli easterly
direction, U about iiftei-n miles, to where 1 1 e KampifulK into it.
After CO' .lierable ('.lilieulties they sucreed' d in nacbai^ the
river, an I rode alon^ its bank for man) miles before faniiij; a foiu.
heaving the Kam^a, tl e\ crested i\ hi^h r tip-, and struck u{ion a
Kalmuck trail, which tbey lolhwid 'l'lii> led tbnn alon^' the
mountains wliieh skirt tbenortin'in shores ol tlie I:!*., till they
reached the I'ea the only outlet of 1 he Altin-Kool. lmn>(diately
on issmnij (roiii the lake the river enters ii i'oeh\ p r^je, in which
it runs for iilnait thirty miles 'I liront:hoiit tla> distai cc it is a
succession ot rapids and falls, ovet wliicb neither man nor a' i>< al
can pa.ss. *M. re than two inoiahs hml now eljijiseil sii.n' the po.r
•cllows hail Jell the Hiricassn. ami they were still in iheii Sibe-
rian pnsiHi. Jhiiiii}.'- this peri' il tiny lad sail* n d boihiioin
lian::er and fatii;ne. altlion|:b ^;anie «;i> sil niid i.i in mio \ ot
the rce;ions ibron^'h which tlicy passed \'. hen i uMi ^ i> iht;
only source ot a inan's snb-isteijce, the sii] pi\ illen jirnvcs pie-
carions, as ad will find who try. Ki'llowii j; t In luiui.laiiis al- n;/
the eastern bank o| ti-e liea, »liey reached a p:a-t of the com, try,
thinly inhibited by Kaltnacl-s, liviHi.' uiiilcr lii:sMaii suay, Al
k'li'.^tii lliey utri\edat a Kalnaiek a nl, and ^ot into ililHciil ies
with the pecple, but wliellier the Kalimieks Mlten-litnl tu sl.p
them, or threatened to call in the aid ot the Covsncl s to take
ttiein prisoner-, it is imposMllc losay. The . isi'UtiMinf itnn t. ly
eal'd in a battle, when several Kalmucks weu- Uilhd, aid tli< ir
a-iil hiirmMl. 'JhoM' wiio escapt d convtu-d the terrible Utws to
otticr tribes, and all beeaine alarund. Siim- ntieated into the
I'oi-i'sts with their tinniliis ami cat tie, while otl.cis curried the
alarm to the Cossack foil, at Santl\ p. Tlie oflicer in con iiniiid
wiis cliiuik when the news urrivt'd : liem-e Ihi-se exai:pratid dis-
pa'ches wliicb foUiiwed each (ttber in rapid sacci ^sion. 'I he
Circassians citiiinnlted a fatal ei ror b_\ inpi-iii;,' in contlict with
the pi-i.plc, as the alarm spread rapioly in evi r\ diiect.oii. ;>iid
left no chance for their t.scupc. Conlaiiiin^Mheii course To the
northward. they pas.sed beuaal lie raj.ids, and suecnici in
swiaimin;: their lior>es o\er llie Ilea. Fn m this point tiie\tiaia<l
to the south, whicli led liiem into the iiiomilains between lleaaial
Katounia. The river in the nionniaiiis is me saccc.-sa n
ot rapids, so that tlieru are tew places win re it can b-
cro^seil, even in canoes; il is impossible tosv^iin the toncM
I'lu' bi-jher numntains to the soutli I eii jj di't p in siiov\
placed the tuu'itivcs iu a trap. \\ la n their rtal nun I.ei
was discovered, the ilbisiim respcrtini; tleir loice was utsnoyed,
and (he KalmiicU prepared with asavuire dt tei imnai ion to avi ii^t-
l!ie blood that nad be. n shed. A bod\ f! n.ni weit soon eel-
h-cled; ihc\ were st anil h as hloodhimnds, ut d linl I e( n siiann
foi't'd in ruanin;: d.iwn tneir ]a-. y. .<couts, sent torward to Ioll..w
the trail, were follow. 'd by Siberian hnn*ers who ki.ew e\ery
mountain pass and torrent. Moanicd <ni yroud, fiesb b<nsit.,lhey
raptdl\ cl.ised upon the hiiritivis; and. on ilic evening; ot the
tliird day of tliea- pursuit, encamped williin ti ree miles nt tlum.
riic Circassians were on their march, with the tirst ^ileam of
dawn, towards tlie upper end of the narrow vaUey, wliicb led
tbem into a pass. Tiny observed that their enemies were pro-
ceeding in two divisions — one lidinif np the rid^re a little to the
we:>twurd, and the otlu'r on their tiuuu. Tluii caused them to
! I
: t
I ' t
;■ I
I !
1,;
i
! i
1
I i
' il
' ' i
,1 >i
u
ni >
n
i ]n
810
ALL ROUND TIIK WORLD.
tlinisliiii; Ills !i(iH(<, Voii cmiM not iiilvinii'c (mi Htt'ps in
this wciimI willnmt Niiikiii^' up tii v'liir JiiitrH in n
Bliil'liiii^ and miry Imijj. 'I'lio winlrr iiistt'il fur ci>;lit
iiiiiMllis, tnr wliiili |iiri(>(i wiirm cldllicH wcro iiidia-
pi'Msiililc ; two iiiniillis fur spiiiij; luid t«o for nutuiiiii,
jciivi'S liiit II piioi |illt:iii.'(^ t'di' a dolcl'iil siiiniiier. T)iu
xuKW nsis lis lii^jli as tlij houses, tli(< wind lilnws stroiij;
cniiii:,'h to knork you oll'yoiir Ir^js, the frost cuts Mliort
\ our lu'calhini;, and for two whole nioutlis the sun is
liid Iroin your siyht. 'I'o till tlietruth, were theelioiee
allowed, no one would have seheted .li;,'aiisk a.s
1 is liirth-iilivee. The iidialiitants of tliis happy town
are 'J"un},'usiaus, and muster aliout -IHO or /idO men.
They livi' liy the ehasi-, and eoui'se over a sea of iee
t«o iiundred ni\ linnielics in eiirumfereuee Thev
liiin'V imwiird, linriiiL' <" 1 miil'IiI in tlii" piiwi. Antlicy woruini
II piinl triH'k t!ii'ir liiir^i's wrre iint Hpiircil, iiiut, in littlo innie
lliiin iiM lioiti, tliry r<-iMli('il iiiiotlur viillry, wliii-)i i'\tt'ii«lcil tnr
iKiiiiy iiiilcs to ilif east aiul wist. Tin' (ilijt'ct nf tlmt. division of
llair I'lir-iins, vvlio wiTiMTossai;: tht' riil^'i*, was ii"U- vi>iIiU-'; it
Uii-t Iti i.rc\iMit tiu'ir i'-i('a|u' to tlu' wc-twanl. i In' jii'isomth
fonili nril ilifir r'tie to llic ciistwiirt^aiMl foiiml, al'trr |;iiiiii; a lew
it'ilrs. lli-it tliey wire in a siicrc^sion ot small viillt-yH that li cl
tlii'iii 11)1 luMviiii the aitiuiii.iiiis in the Mioiw region. llel'nrL'
turn iij" a jittiui^ point, tiny iiM-ertaiiiMl that the Kiiliiiiii'kH
ui re II >u' t'oito\Mii-,; on their inicli', at ahint tliree iiiilt'!4 (tisUint,
uittiont ii]ioar<*titly nial^iiic iiny iilt(-in|it to apitroacli iumot. It
vvasii'l !ill 111 ;.• pii.-t iiiiil-ilay tliat liny were olisiiveil to Ik"
r.ipltlly L'nliiii'^ upon tliiin. I'li^hiiii; on tlieir tiicil streils
iivaiietl ii"Iii;n^, lis eaeh few iiiinnirs hroii^lit their ein'iiiies in
elo^iT pro\iiit!iy. Presently, a spent liall striiek one of their
lii)r>es, Hl.'eli sitowi'tl tin' hunters were trying' tlie ran;;e of t'leir
r lli-i, mill iliiit tliey inleinleil niiscl.iel. At h'n;;th, the hiiiij-ry
le.u \Mi\ -W't-ii xMirrioi's were ilri\eii into a inouiitaiii pii^s, ami
r.ile h...>s Ix-.iin to drop fast aroiiml tlniii, lla\iti^' ri ai-heil ii
i.;i:row ] lit I'l' tin- L'orp- where ii w;is striwn wlli fa ten
rifk^, tin \ iiiii'le a ^tiiiid, iind I'eiiiri rd tlie tire with etVeet,
lor sixir.l s.nt lies heeaiue vaeanl. In ii lew iiioiiK'Hts
tiny III rived a lieavy Volley, wliill some of the ex.ies
wrre V oMhded, not wit.-tandin^ their sin Iter, mid sever.d horses
w,iv killed. Tiny now stood at hay, deteniiiniil never to j
V ^1 id. I heir ])iii'siiers uutniimliered tiieni live to one, iind knew
i\erye:air mid '.iiniin^ in the raviin s, wh eli eealtled llieia to
t:ike ^in .11 • liiiUet I'lnild toll, li them, wheueotliey eoulil
piek olf th i.t-, and linee the survivors to reiire Iroiii
every p^slti, 'n-,;!!!. Kaeli new post was held wiili tin*
daunted ei.,.. 1 iliininislied mini hers eompelled the Cireas-
siaiis au'iiin to nir. lit; evrry rail lo siirremU r heiiii^ answered
Willi a siiout of deli .nee. W hile tlie wipik otslani;liter was (join;;
on, Ilii'lit shroiidid tile e nnlialalits, iilid under e<iViT of the dark ■ I
ee>s lilteeii of the>elirave nieii e^e!llled on fi'ot iiseendin^' liirlin-r 1
into ilie inoiiiitaiii>, and leavii ;^ ilieir horses to their na'reile>s
enemies. 1 hoii^di iln-ir p-siliou liad lieeouio desperate, tliey
.seniMililid on, liopim; to Iind sliellc-r from tlie eiittiiij; lilust. At
leiiL'lli. they naehed some deep ivees^es in tlie riK'ks, where tiny
dccidid to pass tin' iii;;lit ; tiny, however, dared not li|;lit u lire,
a> that w-iiil.l uMiide liie K.ilmui-ks to their retreat. Tin) iii^iit
p;is-td without t;n ir heiii:: di>eovered. \\ itii the first iri'iiy dawn
ot iinTii tiny eommenerd their weary iiiairh, and sealed the nn-ky
In i;:iits lietbre them, w lieiiee tliey had u view of tin' vast siiow-
ilad pi'aks aliovf, wliiili stoppml all farther progre-^s in that
direetion. llark eloii is were ^'aiherin;^ uroiiinl tliesti rn.'p'd
crests, lielokiuiiiiL' an up 'ro.iehiiiiy nloiin, an evil omen for the
exiles. Alter eaii t'liily sraniii ^ the <*oiintry in seareii of their
piir^ii'-rs, not one ot' wiiieli was visible, tliey turned to the west,
skir-lin^ iiIoiil: the lose of one of the gianis of the eliain towards
a f ifrsi of eed.irs wliieli eoviri'd a low roiky ridp'.
'llie linnters had not lii'eii idle; loni; Is'lore ihyli^jlit np|ieui'ei1,
two )iarlies had liiell Si'lit Co .\;ird to loiiii u,iihil-li» s » lieri' it was
e.\ptelid tlie Cirnesinns would he (»li!i::ed to pass, while the main
Imdv reinaineil lici iinl to i-l .ir the ravine, ll.-iuir eoiivilleed tiiat
the I'ori.-t would aiV id llie'ii the oily means of eseais', the fiiiii-
fives pu-lied on lo that diieelioii. Tlo'y had reaelnd within two
lundicil yards of the wood, when a |iiill ol white smoke appeared
in li thiiket, seiidiii}; a kmlen niesM'iiL'er that proved fital to one
of tlnir eoinra.les. Tliey n..w made nil nltemnt to riMcli ti.e
felieltiT of some ri>eks. hut lit-fore tliry had piocrd-tl twi-iitv
paces, fivu utUers hud fullcii. A savajje shout to Mirivnoir ^-rc el' d _
('(dh'ct tile Imuiis of will! lM<ftsts, tlio mainniotli lionen,
iimi kill tliii rein deer, tliu elk, the balile, tlio miii'leii,
the rud fox, 8i|uii'i'els, tTiniia's, and bliiek and whiiu
hear/i.
Yet, whatever a roiiiitry may he, it is rarely with-
out soiiietliiu;ja^ret>ahlo. If, during their two iiioiith.snf
the Kiimmei', thu iiilialiitaiit.s of iri;;aiisk seo the sun
iilway.4 ill the horizon, and thosi; who iir« "not to the
matter liorii," have koiiui dillieulfy in dec-idiuK when ii u
lied time, tho watei-s in the environs of tlij-aiisk, iiin
unrivalled for tlu^ aliiindaueii and ipialiiy of their ti>li
lleru are caiioht tli« kiiIiuo nelma, the ahletle, the
Htur<;(Miii,stei'let.s,ehar,t1ieoiual and thoKalino lavorelu.-<.
Most of this fxeelh'iit lisli is tlii'own away, for two
re;i.soiis ; first, U'euiise there i.s no salt to ho Inuj to
pieservo them; and next, lieeauso it is the eii.-l' m,
Tlio Tuiigiisu di),' a deep treiuli near their tislnui,'
llielrpura from u liiri;e (iiirly in tlieir rctir, tlmt were fast elosln;;
ill upon them. I'lieir last lew shets were spi'iit on the ailva ,'
liiily, and not willioiil iU'eet j linn thev iiiaile u rush to riiicli the
for. at ; lint only four were destined to (jiiiii its rover, iiiid s. ine of
Ihe-e were Wounded. The lliiek niidiTwoiKl wni ned Ih,' pnr
filiows I'rmii the volley wliieli » hisiled iil>er tlieiii, and slopped
the llrin^', as flay w.ro soon lo-t in the den-e and tiiiL'lid
I ninehes. Vlie elouds, wliiili h.id hec n> lilaeki r, lienan i»iiirii.u'
down rain iiinl sleet, i>eeom|.amid hy a liercu (rule, w hieli liriai-la
Ilieir eneioieii to 11 stand, and eansed lliiiii to prepare an eneiiiii|-
mint undir the eedars. Two small parties were sent on in piir-
suit, liut these Were nhortly eom|, 11,. d to return wiilioiil havini?
dis,,ivereil the retreat of the reii.iinnt of the );allant liiiinl. 'I h.i
St. .1111 had now U'cnne n liunieaiie, driving the mow into i L.i
lialiipii.s and tthirliin; it into eddies, whieli n ade it dilll, nil t.i
see oliji.els at II few yards dislame. 'I'liiseontinned f .1 thiee iiavs
withoiil inlirinissioii, ain; tln'ii the iiKanitaiiis w,ie eovered lU . p
ill snow, wliieli deternd the linnters I'roin iiiakiiii,' «ny Inrllier
nlli'inpt to Iind llie fiij,'itives. The winter had also net iii. with a
pi.rein^; Irost.and this no doulit Boon ineoinpl shed that which the
rilles of the Kalinu. ks had spared. The four Lireussiaiis were
never seen npiiii, nor any trace of them finnid.
' One of the three (ireat udvanlap's which liussia derives from
.'siheria is the tiado in ivory. '1 h.ni^-h in mere Hinouiit this Irainli
isof eomparative'y little value, yet it is well ivorthy of honouridiln
mention, us haviin;, in a liiuh decree, promoted the progress of p-o-
jfiapliical discovery. It was in the eii(;er pursnit of the Units of
the iiiainmolh, that most of the northern inlunilii were visi'ed
ami explond; islands which, when lakea in conmetion with their
inistiri.Mis treasure*, invest the Asiatic coii-st of the AritiiOceaii
with an iatenst unknown to the eoi responding shores of Aiin'rieii.
Moiis.vcr, us more skill and jnilgmint, and pirhuiis also ampler
meiiis, are reipiired for disinterrn.g or selecting tnsks than for
hiiiitiiig or piirehasing (ikins, u superior class of men liiive(;ene-
raily devoted tliciiisclves to ilie former neiipalion ; and pi rlnipa
the most interesling feature in Haroii Wraiigel's interesting Isiok
eonsi.sts of the occasional glimpses of the proceedings and dis|Kisi-
tioa of It eollector of ivory of the imiio of Dercshnoi. 'Iheivory
fetches from forty to sevenly rouhhs a |iood, or from <nio shilling
to one shilling and iiiia.|Kiico n |Hiunil, iiecording to its state of
pri'si'rvation. The tusks a|ipi.|>r to 1)0 fresher as we advance l.i
the northwurd — a eirciimstance which seems to eoriolHirutc the
notion that the etimatu has had somethiiig lo do with their
continued exisleueu in an organic form. It ii|ipears to lie some-
what more than a curious coincidence, that the Ikmu's of the
smaller class, snch as those of the horse, the hellido, the ox, ami
t' e sheep, have l.ecii discovered only in the remotest north.
Providi-nce had Uius seen tit, in some distant sge, to dc|M)sit ill
the very coldest re>;i.ai on llie face of the glolic, an iiicxhaiistihle
supply of an organic siihstance, which hU previous ex|H'rieiico
wonlil have exjH-ctisl to discover only ill tropical eliines. 'J'lie
hones of the iiiamnioili are found in the greatest tthnndaiiee
tlirougliont all the northvvcstcrii parts of Kastern Silnria.
Sjirini; after spring, the Hllnviid hanks of the lakes and rivers,
crninhling iin.ler the thaw, give up, as it were, their dead; and
iH'yonii t lie very vcri:eoftlie inhahitetl world, the islands lying
opjios'te to the mouth of tlie Yarrn, and, as there is reason lor
hclieviiig, evi 11 the bed of the (K-enii itself, literally ti*ciii with
these mysterious memorinU of antiquity. How did these Uaies
.nie there ?
nP AMD DOWN TUfi AMOOft.
Ill
nnioth liotios,
, tliu iiiarli'ji,
Ic uiul wliilu
I niri'ly witli-
two iiiiintli.siif
: Hi'ti tilt' mm
r "net to III.'
>iif{ wlii'ii ii u
•li;.'iin.Ml<, lun
'irtlii'ii- li>li.
itl'Irttf, tJM'
mo lavoiiiii>.
iwiiy, Cor two
" li(! Ii;i(l (.1
till! Cll.-I'IM.
tlii'ir (i.sliii,.'
I'lV fil-t lln-ill^r
I tlii> uiU;tr>i'in;(
liili to riji-li till-
IT, mill s. nil' lit
I'liii'il III,' I r
III, mill Hlli| :|iril
■II mill tiiiiL'li'l
, lir^;mi jMMiMi.-^
wllilll l)llill;;llt,
ire nil i iii':iiii|i-
I'lit nil ill |iiii.
iviiliiiiil hiiMii;;
lilt liiinil. 'I III)
midw lull. ii,,i
.' It liillii nil I.I
I I'm lliii'i' iinvH
1' (I'M rill ill I |i
IIK "iii.v luilliiT
I M'l. III. Willi a
tlllll Wllii'li till'
ircai'hiuiiti ui-ro
in dt'i ivr» t'rnm
lint tills Iriiiirli
■ >l'liiiiiiiiinil>ln
riigri'sa nliiiii-
if till' Uiiimiif
will) Visi'lll
lull U'illi tlii'ir
An til' ( let -mi
■I'S I't'Aiiu'ri.'ii.
IS iiImi Hiii|il('r
|u.'-kii tlimi tor
I'll Imvi'^'i'iii'-
Hiiil pii'lia|ii
'I'l'stin^ liouk
mill ilis|Hi.si'
'1 111' ivory
line nliilliii^'
|> ItH stiito of
' iiilvmii'i. til
■Dlmrati' thii
with tlii'ir
to he Hiiini''
Jilt's ot tliu
the ox, mill
iitt'st iiiirtli.
tli'|H)tiit ill
filimistililii
i'x|K'rlt'iu'u
liiiiiit. 'Jlio
aliiimlmM'u
'II Sllh'ria.
anil rlvt'rs,
iliatl; mill
laiiils l}'iii|;
rt'iiHoii tor
tlH'Ill w itli
lit'Sti buuSf
«ti\tions, nnil, aft(>r RiittinEf ami s|ililting their fi'Sh,
Imrv til. "11 tliiT.'. mill I'.iviT tlioiii hvit. NVIifii thoy
hiiM' waslt'il siillirii'iitly, ami lii'i'omi) aim wt a ji'lly,
tlii'V ai'ii ill till' iliiiiity imhi litioii in wliirli tlii' 'riiii-
({iis.. most I'i'li.sli thi'iii.' VVIieii I was a I'liilil I u.sijil
to I'.it tlii'iii ill this Htatii ; wlii'ii at lioiiu-. ami aliroail,
] am not liy any nit'ans iiiiwilliiii; to t'ltt thtsm so again,
wli 'iii'viT tiiti o|i|iortiiiiity oH'nf- ilsi'lt".
Alioiit forty yi'irs a','o, tlit'ro was liviiijj at Jigaii.sk
n llii^--iiii Woman, liy naiiii' Ai{ri|i|iiiia ((li/rii-jioit );
in ^'llkllt, Snli-hii ; tliis woman my uramlniotliiT kimw
liy -ii,'lit. Slii; pasHi .1 for a .sori't'i'iMS, ami happy wi'i'o
thus ' llioii'^'lit towai'iU wliom sho t'litcrtaint'il a kiinlly
fi' liiii;, wliilti, on tliii I'oiitrary, those whom hIii- ili.s-
liUi'.l were evervwliere set ilowii a.s most unlucky per-
wiiis. Her Words were wali'lii'.l for anil respeeteil as
iirai'les from Heaven. Haviiij,' thus ai'.plireil inlliieneo
nil. I I'linliileiiee, .slit! liiiilt In rself a lint alioilt twonty
miles from .ligansk, ami wliillu!r she retireil in her
oM a;;t'. No one passeil her iloor wilhout askiiiij her
hlessin;; ami makiiij,' li.'r a jiro'-ent ; woe to the iitifor-
tiiliate wi;;lit who faileil ill this ililly. She i'li,iii^e.l
herself into a hlaek tt'.iw, niiseil violent whirlwiinls
all alioilt her, eaiise.l him to fill with all his paek into
the river, ami ilepriveil him of his sense.s. Kvin now,
wli.n she has long heen ileail, travellers still liaiig
lip their jiresents wliert; sh.' live.l ' Her name is still
known, not only among the inlialiilants of .figaiisk,
liiii liy all till! Yakutsk. Wli.n a yoiiiig girl in
.illli.'l.il with niiuiness,'' they say that she hits bc«li
'<,i|it,in ('.H'linin« iiiontiniiH tlie I'litiii;; li»h raw as ii Tiinijii-
S'.iii il.iiiily. "1 I'l'iiiiiini'.l tlni'L" ilay.i. liviii.; In luxury, at I,.isk-
vi'rt, llari'H, woU.i, li.'iirs, wil.l rciii-ili'ir, iiiiil elks, wliicliiili.miiil
lii'i-u, w.ji; my onliiiary I'miil; foxes, wlii.'li am uls.i in ^reat
l.l'iily, ari' I'lleii liere. Hi'ar ami wolf ini'iit I foiiiul (;i).mI wlii'ii
v. TV liiin'_'ry ; ri'iii .leer is a ili'lit'iitu ilii'l ; lint elk, 1 tliiiik, hur-
|ii»-i'S evervtiiiiu' 1 li ive tiislinl, liavili'^' all tile IllllriliR'llt of beef,
will, the ili'liiae llav.mr ol tin) riiieileer. The inlialiituiita lios-
|iilalily siiiiplhil me tfilli plenty of lisli, here eaten In a raw state,
wlii.'li, t.ilhis hour, I ri'iii.'iiih.'r as tin) ^rrnitest ilelieacy I liavo
ever tii^te.l. Spite of ...ir pi'i'iii.lii'i's, there is nothing eompareil
to the m.'lliiiir of r:iw fish 111 the in. mill ; oysters, elotte.l ereiini,
III the liiii'sl j.'lly, \i n.illiiiii: ti it; nor is it a siiiiiU i|iiantity that
111 ly 1h' eaten of this pi'.-ci.iiis I'oniino.lity. I luv'^eU' have tiiiishetl
II wh.il.' tisli, which, ill its t'ii'/,i'U state, liii;rht have w,-i^ht'.l two or
till'.'!' poiiii.ls, an.l with hlaek hisenlt ami a y:lass ..f ry.'*liraiiily,
hive il.'lieil either 11 il lire or art to prepare il hit I.t meal. It is
eiil np or sinivi'.l into sliei'< with a sharp koile from heailto tail,
1111. 1 h.'iiee ilerives the name of strnt;.iniuak ; t.i eompl.'to the
luxury, only silt tiiiil pepper were waiitinj.'* Tin' ealiiii; of raw
li>li is eoiHiih re.l .m tiie SiU'rian i'oa>t ii reini'ily ii;jaiiist seiirvy, ii
ihsiaie to whii'h, fr.ini the iilnenee of fr.'sli vei;ei.ihle iliet, the
naliv.sare li.ihli' in til.' winter. Tlioiliseaso .iliates in the siinimer
with the arriviilof fresh iisli.
' " If there is aiivtliiii;f in earth nr air more formi.lalile to these
jHHir f.'U.iws {till' Yakuts),'* says Oov.'rmT Simp-oii, " it is the
Sjiirit of the Forest, a iierson iiiveste.l, in their ima^'iiiat ion, with
almost iinliniit.'il jiower, whether for j;ooil or evil. In the
hraii.'lies of tlietreja aloiij^ the road (Ir.nu Irkutsk to Yakutsk),
w.'i-e su-ipen.le.l iiuiiilierless olierin^s of li.irs.'-liair i the pift heiii;;
pr.ih.ihly sel.'i't.il us an euihlem of what the txiver vahieil most ;
the extemiMiraui'.iiis soups si'i'iiu'il t.) he ilietate.l by tin' hope o(
conciliatiiip the preat nnkiiown ; ami, at supper, the lirst simioii-
ful was iiivarial.ly thrown into the lire to pniilure a B'niml sl.'i'p
for the peuiiis of the plaee. As every loeality has its own elf, the
Yakiili, when on ttj.inrney, have no respite, soolhiuj; one ohjeet
of t.rror utter an.it her, anil only multiplying their tormentors ns
they iiierease their speed."
' Imera.'hism ami Diiilile-au-corps, arc two romarkiihlc diseases
in some parts of Siberia, esiieeially the towiiand distriet of Kalyiia.
The latter is a most extra.irdiiiiiry one, and eonsists in an idea
that ilie tiotly of the patient is possessed wi'li one or more devils ;
it is iitteu.l.'.l with iiieessant hieeouphs. The parties atUiete.l with
it are generally most delieate and interesliud in their a|.p. irani'.',
tnil it ia leldom iude<.Hl that any nidividuitl iseured. In tuiiiale', il
strui'k hy Agrippiiia of .Tigansk, Mftrtin <"\yn thnt
this famous soretft'ss attaine.l the ago of iiigl. _. years,
that shti wius stout ami lively, Init not tall ; hnr fieo
was inarkeil with tlio siiiill jm-x, her eyes as hright as
the morning stars, ami that her voiee hail a clear, loiiil
Hoiiml, like that of ieu when struck 'I'liii remt'in-
hranet! of Agrippina the soreercss is still fresh in tho
ntirthern regions of Silieria.
I was yet a eliilil when our family loft Jigansk, tn
t'stahlish themselves at Yakutsk. I took with me,
at!eoriling to custom, nomt! of the earth of my liirth-
plaee, so that I might put it into water, ami itrink it
when I felt homesiek ; lint 1 foiinil little nee.l l.ir it.
I have never .seen the pliieo siiioo, anil, Heaven knows,
I have never regii'tti'il it.
At two kot'S I'inl a half to tho imrth iif Y'akiitsk, is
a roiiiitry calle.l Killam (or Kalyna), where my
father an.l my neither hail liiiilt u Imtise. [ foiiml the
eiiiintry here ililli'iing very iiiueli from what I Innl
1 ii'n previously aei'ii^tomi'.l to. A large siirlaei! of
llatcoiiiiMy eovereil with green verilnre, over in motion
with the air. an.l .'iiioolli as tin) surlii.'C of a hike, spotteil
with iiiiiiimeralili! Il iweis t'l the seinlil.ineu of a car]ii't,
yellow ami green, with eliimps of laielies ami hiiell
arranged aliuiit it, as if liy the hand of soniu ukilful
prevail.! to surli an extent a< utterly to prevent iiregnanry. They
liersist In till' belieflh.it a d.vil is in the li.i.ly oftli.' iilllu'tnl, mid
that until h.' he removed till' prison williiiver regain heallh. 'I'hu
eoinplaint, wiiaievir it may h.', tie natives e.insi.ler an iiiliei'iliiii.'e
from their falli.'i-s. Of eo.ir-.' t here Is extensive einploynipnt tor
slmiiians or sore, rers in ri'sju'i't t.i it, ami they use ull kin. Is ..f
eeri'inonies, noises, an.l ilaiiei'S ill driving the siipposeil ilenioiis
{Stf p. iWI). liii. r.ieliisiii, to wliieli not only the peopli.
of til.' Kalyna, hut thus.' ..f morn iiortliern eonntries, art)
suhj.'i't, is eipially iiniie.'"UiiialiIe ; lust, ail ..f .'x.-itiiig seriuiis tits,
like the lasl-.iieiilioni'.l disor.l.'r, it earri.'swith it an iiir of iin r'l-
inent, as il by mi m.ain all'iils the Iniiilh ol the iiersoii, though
it snhjeels him to the most vi.'leiit par.nysnis ol rag., fear, and
inorlitication. Whatever is said or done in the pieseiu-e of im
iinenii'li will ho ie|i,'ateil by hiui at the inoment, how ever imli'i.iiou!)
or improper the act may be. "1 havoseen," saysCiiptain t'lichiaiii',
"the dog-niisi.'r of liirnn Wrangel's expedition eiiiiimil acts
sulH.'i.'iit to lri_'liten tin p.r.soii in company with him. While in
an ft.\)oiniiig I'lLiiii eoiiveisiiig on points of ilnty, a slight knock i.t
tho bulk liea.l was siilUci iil to set him a poiunielling the |ii'r«.iii
with him, 111. rely IV.im aprin.iple of self- defence. Two olilla.li.- in
Kanischatkii w.i'o sitting iil t.a opp.isit.' each other, both i.lll.'i.d
w-illi imera.'hism, wli.'ii a r.'lative in a gentle imiiii.er put hishaiuls
behind their lia.'ks, pnip.'iiim.- tho old ladies towards each oth.r,
uism which tli.'y instantly threw their t.a cu|is and siiu.'crs at
each other, while the really .ill'cn.ling party stoo.l enjoying llie
mischief. There can he no d.iiiht that tlie cumplaint is rend, nil
worse by the eonstant miiioyancc and irritation to which they urn
suhjecte.l f 'r the umusemeiil of others."
'i'lie dog-master of llaron Wraiiu'el's expedition, above men-
ti.iucdas an iiiienii'h. met willi a strange ami ludicrous adven-
ture while oil the l"ro/i'ii (•.•can. His dogs and sledge were the
liiri'inosl, when one f.ireiiiion tli.y eiiconntcred a large while I car;
the dogs iuiiiic.li.itely started olf to hunt the nninial. The di iver
stedlii-lly kept his plac, pru.lcntly rcmaiiiing by those who only
could ii.ssist I'im. Ill tho eagerness of tho dogs, slnirpcncd jiro-
bahly by hunger, they U'caine entangled with one another, and
were aiinost rcnilere.l useless. The driver, seeing the state tc
which he was reducid, resolved to at i-iek tho bear with his artol
(a stout ironed stick with small bells, which serves to stop his
bIc.Iu'C), and aeconlhigly prescnleil himself to the ennigcd bear,
who imuie.halely raised himself U|K)ii his hind legs and b.gan to
cry ami roar most bitterly -, the inexorable d.ig-master instantly
tiiilowe.l the example. I ho bear then began to dance, and tliB
driver did the 8;iiiie, till at IciiL'th the oilier sledges coming up,
the bear received a blow iiii.m the nose and was secured. It ap-
pears that the nose is th . only part vunerable without fire arms,
and even tiieii, they can be so secured only on being shot through
the bea.l. The while bears are, however, by no m. niis k
ilatiL'.r.'iis animal, avoiding; tliu chase aa much as they or*
avoided.
Ml
•tt
Af-L ROUND THB WORI-D.
nrtist, Mich was (lio scone tlmt (Ir-t Htnick my vy,'». iicss, (l,lii;lit.'cl mv Vimiii;,' iiiin.l, tlmt liid iicv.r yci
'" •' !''•*• "'' ili^^v.'^t iM.iiii,. .iviii, in i-liiicri,,;;, s.tii iiiiviliin^' ivs,"iiii,li,|.,' it,. I iMLi^lii.'.l llic o,iii,i-v
Frrpnil Inlds 111.' clcir Wilier, of a ii|.i.| nv.r. wliidi I saw t,. l,c liiuiilcss, tnui I'.lt a .Irli^lit iic.l l,i l,e
ll..w |Hvn')iiir<' siin.l.s, lictwr.-ii il.irk uiKi ni«;;iii iiaiiks, ixpifssi d in \vui-,|s.
['" •' ir"^i'>' ^'"<^ «■'•* ■Jl-'<^y'l«ii ;l plrllllllll rr.>|. of I'll,. wi-il.T liclv lllclltinllM till- Ninlil.'ll (Iratll ..f Ills
li.i.v tlirniii,'li wliirli a luiri'livil «.'M|i,iiicn, lli.ir l>|,i,l,.s fatli.'l'. Iiim liinllici's s..m.w al lirr laTriivcinriit, aii.l
Ha, lull',' ill tlio xiinlii;!!!, wnv cl.ariiii,' a l.n.nl jiatli. |i,,w dull In- I'oiiihl tlicir ivm,1,.|„v at Killini, wlaiv
In tins jilaili a uiv it ihiiuIh'I' ,,t' Imi- I canlc anil tin' fXlivinc nu'^r nf tin- cuM tiimli'ivil tlirln I'lMir.
li.MsrH wrn. iiaslmini., cniiiiMiin tli-ir fnoil in sivurily U'lilii; Imlli int.. il,. ,|. , .lal.' .v.iiniiv , and k,|,i Iimu
.iinl wainlcriiiK at tli.'ir will. At nliort iiit.'rvals ..f li\ .• in..iiilis witliii, .1 x
iIhIiiici- viT.' asscinlilcil. ill ^I'l'llpM "f tivr ni- .six, lli.' Il.iv I Imcaiin' .iciimiliti'd. Ijc siivs, will, a L'lvat
<hv.'lliiiKs.iftli.' Vaknts. rnivivil with ia'ati'll .'al-lli, ni- i,.|inl"r nt' tl,.' V.iknt^, ami Iranil lln'ir I ,ni;na-r ami
llicirviirts ti.r ^|l|■ill^'(l^v(■l|il|■.'. Clinical ami white as Lccmic I'ainiiii wiili ilicir manner nl' lisinu' ami
if |iaiiilcil (Xic p. ;5(r,) ; the wiiiiliiw.s, citlicr of u'lass iliinliiiu' I ii-l'iiil Willi pleasure tn their >l-i'ics,
nr ii'aiisp.iiviit stMiic, iililti'i- like precimis st.incs. Al i li.ir mhi.w. tlicir uI i iia.liti.ins, ami was fuml nf tikiiij;
{'>•■ end iif the l.iml-cape ruse up, a.s jl it were sniiie p.irt in tluir siilemnitio, iheir I'oiivals, and the >; hum
f. 1 le hill, nnr while nian>iiin, Iniilt mi a slight emi which they celeliratcd in sprim^. 'I'lms I wmi the
' '■ • 'lie I'caiity iif this scene, united tn It.s va.st aireclLiius iiot of tic Y.ikilt men iiiily, hut iif their
TUNGUSE ENCAMPMENT
"f'
Mi
i ii
Ml I
I; Is!
ll 15 S
#
wive-i alsn, and of their children, ami I was .idinlttod my chihlhnnd pinved of the greatest advaiitai,'e to me
•v, rywhure, and could .see the interior of any family I in later lil'e.
lie-ired. As we wi'I'h compelled ti> live st Y.ikiitsk,' my
Nor Were ainuseiiients wantin:;. In spring the mot her eaiiM'd lo he ir ih poiii-d to ihit town all the
1 ili s of tlie eoiiiiirv aic lilli'd with dilli'reiit kinds - - -
.,f links; and the' woods with h.ir.s, caiiereailzi.', ' Vi.kut^K i, tn.MMi.ii.il.ir ilie ill-trii-t nf iln- ncih' imn.c. Tlio
,11 , 1 . ■ 1 I ■ ^ ... ri \ciiui' I'f lliis tiis:i'ct litMSiiiit iitiial tlic iaiiciim's anil iiccrut-s
I. e k cock, and |iaitridi,'es In .sjirin'' time, alter , ,„|„, , i ., . i r . . n ■• 'i i \ i .i
I ^. ' p Iriini a tnliiiti' III !,Ktiis aiiil lu-i lie. s t" mII sjiii its llie iiikiitsk
till' ice las liroki-11, and in autumn, when tlii» Hew ,„,|„iii,tinii immli r- alieiii u i|iiuricf..ra iiiillimi. Tlif t'lissiicksiiMil
c i\ i s are iii~t on the wiiii;, and .ilioilt to start for lln- Hii-si m ChiicMol t tm'. nl T.inii. IIic Knssan, liM-riiiilly
a Winner cliinate, it i- diilicnlt to sleep for the Icim' in lliiira-iiU,iir,iiiiill Ihwiimhi.I vilinncs iilai^- il„rii;iiisi,nil rivers,
of ycese, d.ick.s, .swans, er.incs, Hlorks, ami a lio.st of Hic iui.v,s wamU-r «l,,r.. l.icr.. i« ,ia,ture l..- il,i ir lienls flio
I, 1 . , ,, . , . , tinvii 111 lakuish I'Hiitaiiis seven cliuiclii'S nnil KMI miukIcii Ihhim'S
small liirds During many years 1 eairied on war „,■ „„e stm-v, l.ii.l nut in >|i.,nii,.s sti.eiMnnl «m1c M,imivs, ene ef
ai,',iinst wild beasts, and iew men have sl.iin inori' of Mliicli is a ii.iziar. win r-' a.l ilii' .^Imivs iicciirilai;; t" llic ni^tuni i.f
theiii than my.self. The hive of the chase made inc care- liic ruiutrv, iir jrejitcil. 'I'Iutc i« a iiiuiiiistiTv, aliiis|iiial, it
less of distance, nor did I hesitate at liassini' three 'luircli, a .il a f Tt. Ihc ciiv stamls ua ii lil.ak |il.iiii, mi tlie river
«li,.l.. rl.o-.^ .■.;il,..,,f .1 , ( 1 11 ■"" e lonli, wliii-li ii 111! lilies 1 ii-lialf la-iiail in winter iiiiil four in
wiioio ua\s witliiiiit s ei' I toll V u iconsi'iiins nt .•.,.■.. • , ■ ■ i
,■ T 111,,., ,-aiiiiiiiT, on,' I.I tlic liii >t ^Inaiiis in (lie «..vlil, rlinluiij; iliiwn
liiigiie. Jli autiunu 1 wmld lay nivsmf down on a Hhhi ,„ile. ir.nii its s..iinv, ucr Irkutsk, to Uie rrezen S™. Tlio
li.ilik, without any other pill wl'i.n the trunk of ,i .linale ami the s.iil m-e eiiinllv iiii|iniiei.,iiij;. l)uriii|,' the wlmlo
tree, without fur, cat. ..r I.' xilct. t . keep oiit the .^e.ir the cehiim iir.' siiil I i he in a fruzni state, iiinl the wells to
SHOW and r.iin. When I w s out ll-lnn", I tr.inii.ed ^""'l "l""'"l.v-feriiie.l ice ; for the heat i.f sinmner, ciressivf as it
■.l.,..it nil ,.;.'. f :. .1 1 1 Ti is. ii.ver l.Kls li.iiL' eucii.'h t.i (I ,s«;iuiti! the ellirts of winter ti) a
•iiiout all iiigiit t e coo s r.'a:ii. w lere the nets wen' 1 ,1 1 ,1 ,1 r . ,.■
" ii.i.tli i.t lii.ili; lull Mi.i ..r tliiee f.et. Siiini' V(lir« BRO llli ex(M'i|.
bid, and the habit uf cuduraucu 1 tliiu contracted
at w.is 111 nil', uii.hr tin' ilireetiiiu uf iiuruu Wraiigel. hy Hit
4^^'B.
UP AND DOWN THE AMOOR.
•II
(lifTi'iviu c..m|NiitinrMtM of our Ik.iiso, aiid lm<l it ro- I roiiliK „r nlimit 4j*. jior niontli. Afl.r wcikiiiK tlmi
ci.iistiiir!,.,!. I wiis n.isv |iliir,.,l ill u Hnxri-., lit iilliuo j fi.r two years I lirniiu., Iinid ,,|' my rum, itiul in
ii«iMi|iyist t<i til.' Sii|,(.|iorl'iil)iiiiiil cif V^ikut.sk. ' )ur tlnvii or llmr iiion. v.mi-s IkkI tlm diiv.ticii of neven
.•lurf was II 111,11 (,(• li.w liirtli, iiMil a | r wntor, l.iit r(,.,i,is. A littl.i tiiii.. after I w:is ii|>|»,iiit<-(l |,rivatu
pive liiiiisrit" airs, Mil. I |i;ss.mI as a man of i-,>iis..,|iiriic,.. .Iiaiin.llor to tii.i (.'uviTiior, wilii ten clerks iiinlrr mo
Hi! kept all liiielsat wurl; |iyiiii,' from imiru till ti> assist in the |ieri;>nii.iii,'eor mv (aienuis iliities. lint
niKht, sevenlirn li..iiis a .lay, oii salarius of two colil.er as one-half of tiiese fellows were dninkanls, ami tiiu
/
to nie
^^>5;^p5^^^£^^;^^^gp^
MIUT WOMAN.
rest mere boys whom F had to instrnct, the wliolo deatli of lioth my mother and my master, nho\it tliw
Weight of tilt! olliee restt d on my sli(ailders. The time, made me resolve to iiuit Yakutsk, which no
Hpciit of the liussiiiAiiicriiiin Ciini|mi)y, in onler to iiscertaiii the
depth to which tlie ground i< fn'Zeii. A well was iliij; to the (le[ith
of 3H0 het, iinil still the earih was fouiul to 1h" iis hard us iron.
With Biiih a Hlniute mid siieh li soil a^rioiillure is out of tlic
qaestiun ; but tlniir im brought down troin irkutnk and the Upper
Lena, and sold at alxmt a linlt'iH'iinv a |K<und. Hut Irkutsk lies
in tile direct road between tlw Vaiiiisei and the S*» of Dlihotsk,
and is tlie ciniius'tiiiu' link between the Jarra and other rivers of
the tirtit class on the west and tlie l.eiiu and ulher sceuiidury
streams ou the east.
l!y lue.ins of (li.hotsk it was broupht Into contact with the
Kaiusehatka. the Aleutian Islands, and the north-west coast-, and
by crossiiii; t le suhoriliiiate tributaries of the Arctic lleean, it i»«t
the lurry «i liU of the New World, from the further side of
I '
Ij •■ i'il
i| IS
III
I
' \nn
!
!!■ ;i
: i!
•y,
914
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
longer posseaseil nttriictioiis for mo, csix-cially aa I
foiiiid its rovi'inii'.s di'inMniii)} evuiy iliiy, from tlie iii-
cii|>iUMty of tliosd ill ollict'.'
I sold my lioint' and |>ni|ii'i-ty, payed my <lcl)ts, and
went til Irkutsk (in Yakut, Arknskai), wliero I
enti-ri'il the (iovemnu'iit oHirc, iit a salary of cij^lity
rouMo.s a month. IK-ro I romaint'd a year ancl adialt,
nM<l was Just ahout d^ leavi^ for Russia, when a new
(Juvornor of Va!<ui,iK arriv<'d, and learning my
finiiliirity with the lan^juajjo and manners of the
nitive population, ]ii'o|Mised my aeemupanyim; him. A.s
lie was a man of talent, I williiii;ly consented, moro
with the liopo of l)einj» of si'rviee to the Yakuts than
for my own ai;i»randi.sement, for well I know that my
new office would fjivemo more trouMe than protit,n»d
the end showed I was fully justified in this idea,
Hi'lirln^f*!* Striiits, at tlu' liiir oi' Ostrnviune. All the churi'lu'tt nt
Yiiliiitsk are l>iiilt of \v<hhI with fimiidiitionM of st'ino, Imt aro very
Riili^taiitial, Hiiil litive a riNpci-tiilplo a)i|>earaii('i'. Tliu walls are
C'Mistnu'tt'tl of niiiiul hij*-;. tint lower wiilf nf e:u'h l)oin;» sooo'hhI
out so HA to receivt* the iipiH.'r siilo of tlie one helow it; tlii'v aro
tlu'ii wt'll-canlkeil outsiilc with lioinp or nisht-n, niul iiisiile with
ino-is ; aiiil, histly, they aro Wiiiii^eotrtl, |)tit(iiHl, and ivuiitcil ;
wh'.'ii licaNil hy Ku-ini:m stoves, they are, to a straii^T, ojiprtM-
sively warm, even in thi> most intense eolil (l:iy. ilicM^ wimkIoii
hnililiii^ are reuMrkahly tliir ihle, more so, |vhaps, than the
lirii'ks, whieli are L-rudn.illy e imiti;; into tlishion, are likely to Ik".
'I'liere is a pfreat fair ou-e a-year, lint Yakutsk, tlirou:>liout the
year, is the homi' of |h' liars or tr.ivellinj; traders. Toliaeei), t«a,
pn.:ar, ^jiirits, uanktt'n, eott<ins, kettles, knivt^ and the like, ctm-
slitnte their earjjoi's, (i»r wliieli they reeeive the skiiiii of Itears,
W'lv.s, s:ihles, river-otters, nnrtens, foxes, and erniiiios, at very
nnf.ii prii-es, altlion.;!) at Yakutsk itsi-lf, the real value and
m.o-ket priee of skir.-i is well known. Ilearskins, 20i. to 2,">s. ,
mIiI.s from :!ils. to l.'>0-i. 1 a sea-otter from ,t 10 to .CltO; river
ilitto, .!(»*. to Uls : a lilaek fox from t':;.") toJtSo; ticry red, 1,'is. ;
liie w o!e or Vntie tox, .")s. or (is. ; and the hlud fox, 8s to 10s ;
ocpiirn Is, fill, to Is ; wolves, 10s. toils. ; m.irts'iis, for the Ameriean
eoats, 7i*. to l»s. Tliese are the priees at Y'aktttsk, but they aro
purelrised o*' the natives for i^tods t'nlianeed one hundred and fifty
p. r e.Mit., and lor on.'-lialf tlii' priee whieh tlioy sell at Yakutsk ;
ri-turuin,;, oi most eases, a elear pnifit of two and three hundred
per rent., Ix'sides livlo.r uj>m tlie pe iple difiiuj^ their "tntHc.' Of
foei 'ty at Yakutsk, a triveller has left iis the following viviil
pieinre: " 1 ros*' early, and al«iiys went early to betl, ocenpii-d,
while il ly li_'ht listed, in hriii^jiuj; up my journal ; then at a (t line
of tiil'ia 'U: alterwarils iit iliun<T, always on the most cxeelleut
t'.i e, with wine, rii n, an 1 other d I eu-ies. In the evening, with
II party of the natives, m tie and f -lu ile, at the lion** of tho
ehiit, the Indies, to all appe.innee, d inih, not daring to utter li
wtrd. and solfly employed in eraekiii;; tlit>ir nuts, a very anull
speeies of the eed.ir nut, whieh ahonuils in sueh quantities as
to he made an artiele of trade to Okhotsk and Kainseliatka.
Ilalf-ado/i'ii t'eniales wdl sit dinvi and rousuoie, eneli, many
hundreds of these nuts, and ipiit the house without liavini;
spikena word, unless a stoh-n one, in fear it should be heard.
.Should tea and eakes lie olf -red, they will sip t^'a, three or fi ir
e'i|»s, as loll;; as the s.unavan la sort of e ipoer tea-urn) has water
in it. Tile Ml inner of their usiii:; the siiipir with tea, tliou)»li |>er-
Imps not entirely sioirulir, for the Chinese hive the same fashion,
is r.vnirk ihly ridii' il mis ; eaeh individud tjikes a smill lump,
whieii he i."Mt' s hi't ween his teeth in sueh a inaMiier as only to
('..iis'i-m' a very ^uiall pirtofit.and thus, althou^'n the perwiii has
drunk tliTi'i' or nere eups, the uri'ater jiortiou of sui^ar remains,
and, li.'in:; placed upon the inverti'deup, linils its way baek to the
su^'ar dish. Ih-ii'uits. e.ikes, and the like, are treatetl in n similar
tneiner. Wliile the ladies are thus cnir'i,ini,' their nuts, tbi)
priitK-men are enijiloyisl in drinking rum or rye-hr.indy i>nneli, as
tiiiir tastes may iliet ite."
' -Not more th.in ,'>i 1.000 of the whole Yakut iKipnlation c;in
he sail! t<i p'ly the trdiute, whieh is in furs, mostly Hiitil"s. Thoseof
Viitimand Olekma are isiiisideml the tiuest, blaektnt, and smallest
to Ih' mi 'with, a pair reiU'hini; as liii;h as thris' or four bundred
rouhl.s, or from £1.") to 1^20. Kaeh taxable individual pays one
ipi.irter of A sable, or, in general caw's, eaeh family one sable, whieh
if it cannot Ih> procured, is eoinprouiisisl by the payment of ;|0».
re lueini; the tribute per head to "». 6i/. us that uf a Uiisaian is 10».
Tl.e clear revenue derived it half » million of rouble*, o; i;25,O00
As Kooii as tlio new novcrnor arrived, lie liceume
cofjuisjiiit of a crowd of iiloises iind made a dear Hwei])
of the ollleo. Ile net a wnitliy exaiiiplo himself, and
for tho MX. years of liis adiiiiiiisl ration spared no ell'ort
for tho fnturii nood of the ^ akiits.-
To tho south-past of tho city of ^'akulsk, iit iilHUit a
hundred kics distance, is situate tho dislriet of I'dsky,
renowned for the aliuudance of its j;.iiiie. It touelns
on the Sea of (*khotsk. the ciiipiro of (..'liiiia, mid the
districts of Nortschinsk,'' of Olikmiiisk, and of
Khaii;;an(»y.
('om|)ari-d with tho vast territory of Yakutsk,"
this is hut a corner in tho desert. It contains no
more than from 101) to 5l)0 Tuiiouses within its ]ire-
cincts, liiit is, nevert eless, not witlimit imporlain e,
rc;;ard lieinj; had to its rcsoiirecs and its paiticular
situation. Hither eonio a j^'icat nnialicr of llnssiuiis
and Yakuts to li.irjjain with the )ieople for the produce
of tho cliaso at a low price, and <;ivo them in leliiiii
]irovisions at an oxtravaj.;iint rate. The troulile ami
ve.\atiiiiis to which this ;;ives rise, induced tho govern
mciit to send a comiiii.s.sary to rcsiilo there.
Tho jiost was <;iven to me, ami after ten minnles
preparalioii 1 started on an expedition that wmii.l
detain me a year and ii half ff.iiii civilised Miei(i\.
My bagoago was composed of thieo suits of winiii
• Of the manner of liviiii; i f the Ixiissian (.tVieials lu're. hihI tl i-
metlital hy whieh tiny iiu_'nieiitfd tliiir iiieoiiies, a trioeli. r if
cretlit tells us; — "The iiini.hrr mid the wcnlili et' the piiiui|:il
iuliiibitants is siieli, th.it n eliiet' liy a wi>e, libeial, and iiid<|'iM-
dent jioliey— may aiiiiiss a viiy eMiisidfrahle tfitiiiu*. It i^ ii"'t
loiij; since t!iat A piveriior kept open bouse ; bi> tnble wie, iii :ill
times, laid for twenty, and the eveniiij:s wire p.issrd at e;i»il^ iiinl
billiards. No Yakut, from ll distant villsi^c, entered bis hniisi'
without receiviiii; bis day's fisid, a drum, a p- iiml ol tobiieeo. imi>1
A night's liKl.'ing. The result was that, ulun his birth or saint s
d.iy Arrived, the inerehants and Yakut ]iriiiei's ii^reed thiit hr Imd
a nolilti heart ; that he B|ieiit more iiioiuy tluiii ]>.- reeeiviil ; iiinl
that, therefore, it was necessary to reiinliurse luiii ; and, iieteiid
of reeeiviiii; litXK) or l,'i (HK) rmibhs viorlh of skiii>, u) mi the
day of his feast, be received | robubly 'Id Odd; anil, by thesi spon-
taiiisiiH nllcrin^ of the inhahitants. be is iiuid to have ^t>iu- iiuny
the richest chief ever kiionn."
' Nerlschinsk, the chief city of the district of tlinl iiniiie in the
trans-ltaikal territory, is a town of iil t r>,di d iiihiibitaiiis.
situated oil the left bank of the Uiver Scbill.a, w lit re it i> Joiiml
by t"ie Nertseha. The countiy on the riylit bank of the ^clnlka
is marshy; but, on the Icit, it is hilly, with vny little wcmsI,
except the willows. 'I'lui Ncrlselia tails into the i^clidk.i li'> in li.e
iiiirth ; it runs, ueeor''iii;x to Mr. Atkinson, thn ii^b a Iiiiiy
valley, where the river is thickly sbtididwitb «liiis mid willows.
and its hanks are but little iiliove the waters. t'<iclir:iiie spc;ik->
of eiiliivati'd valleys and elevated blntlson the Irii:' da. in uppt -h-
iii(j it. Nertsi'binsk stands on a tribiitiiry of the .viiiisir. It wai
here tho Kussians first baited on their eastward pro^-riss and
hence they will start apiin down the Aiiioor. '1 lu- pi>|iiit iiion
are, for the most part, engaged in trade, purchasing' iiiiil Imitir-
iiij^ t'lirs tiir tea, powder, b-inl, and other iieccssiiiics |i>r the
bnnters. Some are enirairisl in the I'binc-e eniryiiijt trade, wble
iiiaiiy are iK-eiipied in the f^ovi riiinent otlices, and in various ilnliis
conncetisl with t <e mines and cnioict esliiblishniei.t, wi ii h
united have made Nertsi>liinsk such a nmiie ot |hiwi r iiinoev'^' ^dl
elassi's of Unssians. I'p to the year ISIH, iis we leaiii iVoin jMr.
Atkinson, silver and 1 ad formed the principal products; of the
former 25(t pisnls, and of the hitter ll.'>,.'iiK) poods, were pindnccd
annually; all the lead, excepting hdO poods, h us traii^|ioi ted to
Ilaniaoul, where it was used in snicltini; the ores of i be Altai.
furi'iusly enouifb, the lead of Nertschinsk iievei found its wjiy to
the INissiAti arsenals; it would leive cohI six limes the pi ice ot'
Kn^lisb lead, delivered cither in St. I'etcrsbiin; or Moscow.
This supply, so essciii id toiler iiiiiiin^; operations in the .\ltiii,
suddenly eeased in IStN, wlicn, upon thu aiiiiexniion of the
AmiHir to Hiissia, the greater part ot the popiibitiiii m tie trans.
Itail, ll were made Cossacks. Iiii and / have been found hcrCi
but not in aoltlciently rumunerative ipimiiitics.
I'i'il, 111' liooame
10 a flciir HWi'cj)
lltl llllll.sclf, iiikI
•|p:iri(l ijii ctl'urt
Isk, lit IllMMit It
tri.t (.tr.l>ky,
('. It tdiullcs
'liiiia, iiiiil till-
lill^k, lllul (if
<if Yakutsk,"
It ciiiitaiiis III)
Ailliiii its ]ii('-
it iiii|>i>i'taiii (',
it.s ]iarti('iilai'
HT of lilissiillis
or flic jirdcliii c
tlu'iii in I'i'liii ri
III! tniulilc ai:il
I'd the govcni
10.
r ti'M iiiiiiiili's
11 that umilil
'ilisnl socici \ .
Ills of wiiili 1
mU liiTi', iiii'l II !•
I's, 11 trjnclii r . t
cit' till' iniiuii ill
ml. Mild iliili |'( 11-
rtliMi'. ]l i> iiiil
> tiilili' Uii*. Ill ill!
cM'il lit Citnl^ 111 il
lltcl'Cll Ills llllllxr
il III tlllilU'l'il, llliii
s liirtli iir Miint s
ni'il lliiil 111' h.«\
K- ri'i-ri\iil ; tii.il
111 ; mill, iii-lriiil
skill", ii| on III,'
I, hy tlirsi s|inii-
Imvi' ^:iiiii- iiuity
DP AND DOWN THE AMOOR.
Sift
clothing, two Hpring costiimps, soino a\ijjir, toil, bisooitH, I it took tis ton diiya to pnsh nci-oss tho snow. Diiriiig
mill moat, piiwilor, loml, anil arms, ii little rum, soiiio this timo wo woro soai'ooly o\or in liio sailillo, a.s i; was
li/it niiiiii- ill till'
Mil ililial.iliiiilN.
ri- it is {iiiiiiil
I. Ill till' ."'.'Lilkii
r\ liitli- \M'.'i|,
liiilkii II'. Ill il'i'
11 iipli a I nii\
Ills Itlill \\ llIiiM ^
''iclinilii' s|.i'..k"
ilil. ill iippi 'li.
Vllicdl'. It Uiis
I iimtriss nil, I
'I 111' |>i.)>ii| iiiiiii
11); mill luiili I
'Sinus li'i till'
ili^ I null', uli II'
II variiiiis (iiitii s
liliK'i.l, \\ Ilil II
Hit iiii;ii|i--I nil
Iciiiii lii'iii ,Mi-.
I'lllli ts; III till'
WvlV (ifi'illHn!
traiis|iiii !ril til
s 111 till' Altai.
illliil its way III
I'S till' I'lilT III
L' III' Mil ».
- ill till' .\ltiii.
'VMlinll i.f till'
tl r trans.
.11 f. mill liciv,
hraiidy, .some liiissian ami Yakut Imttor, nil sown in
loathor Iiuj^h in hiimlrod wi'ifjhts, fiistoned t.oj»ethor with
thoii^ ; two iif tliom oonstitutos ii singlo horatiloiid.
Altliinmh it WHS about Fobniary, the cold ooiitiniiod ox-
ceodiiiirly in rijjour, and tho thonnomotor of Hoatiinur
w.'is 111 'iro when T (|iiittod Yakutsk with the two tJos-
saiks ittidor my orders. I wont as far lus Anifja, or Ani-
fliiiskaia, on tho Rivor Anii{a, in a alod<;o diiiwn by two
hiir.sO'S (.S'«e [). 820) ; thoro we |i|aood our l)af;ga.g(^ on tho
liaoks of sovoii horses, anil oontiiiuod our i-outo undor tho
oonduot of tho guides. Hut our atoed.s woro frosli from
griusa, and could not keep up, wi wo wore obliged to call
a halt ill about two hours, in ii place Huitablo to R|M'nd
tho night. ( )ur guides first roloasod the horses from their
binthetis, then swept away the snow, and gathorod dry
wiMid to light a tire, thou they tilled a huge kettle and a
]iiit with molted snow, and set tlioin to bi.il ; as soon as
tho gonial warmth from tho fire |)erviuled our hall frozen
limbs with a refroshiiig glow, they Ix'gan to got ready
our bod, with bniiiohos of trees wliich tl'oy hoa|H'd
up and covered with our saddles and boar-skins
^loanwhilo wo oiijoyed our snpjier, which ended, we
tiMik olVoiir outer clothes and wont to bod, the Yakuts
taking care to bury all our lM>ot.s, stockings, gloves,
and outer coats that wore wot, in the snow to dry, which
tlioy did much sooner than by tho tiro.' As soon as tlio
heat iif our bodies warmed our bods we slept soundly,
and on waking next morning wore rubbed all over with
snow, thou took .soiiio tea and ronowed our routt;, and
in this way wo travollod as long as the snow lasted.
I must remark in this place, that one of tho greatest
inconvoniencos in a winter jminioy is the undressing to
lio dnwii ; but what is still mure painful is the getting
up again in the mnining. To wtish youi-seU' with snow,
and ro|ilaoo your immoriiiis garment-s, one must have a
riiugli tiatiiro and a body made of ice, to endure all this
witliout beooining ill.
I never drank any Hpirituous liquors, and therefore
I'aiiiiot say what advantage there was in their use ; b\it
witliout lea, no one, I am conviiiood, could witlistand
tlio faligiios. I am not speaking liori^ of tho Yakuts or
Iho'rungu.se, who, being b.nnand bro'l ina hoar fro.st, can
travel 111 tho simw thioe days without anything to eat.
.•\ftor throe or four d.iys' jounioy wo reached the loft
banks of the groat Hivor Aldun, op|M)site tin? chaniiol
wlioro it rocoivos tho waters of tho Utchur. We
halted in a 'ruiiguse yiirt, ;ir hut, where we loarut
that for some twenty miles forward our road was
covered with six feet of snow, and that travelling over
tliis was hopelos.s. Our instructions forbade our
roturiiing, and we should have to make a detour of
tliirty miles before .-o could get roiiidoor to replace
our ' • ■
for boast.s only capable of light burthens. Ho
romaiiieil two days in the Tuiigu.se hut, and on the
third cro.ssod tho Aldun ; but scarcely were wo in tho
bod of tlio fni/.on river than the depth of the snow
brought our linrses to a stand-still. One of our guides
took tlie two unlailon horses by the bridle, and led
tliein forward. They slipped about nud foil, and in so
doing lii'oko tho hard crust of snow. We followed in
their tracks, with the rest of the horses in lllo, one
after the other. It t<Hik un a dav to make six miles, and
im|Kissilile to oiiduio the viuliiit slnuks. Wo protorrod
imtting on our skati's, and skating nvor tlio ^'iiow.
Scarcely had we pa.s.sed this simwy iiii|i('iliiiient than
a new obstacle picsonted itself. Tito waters of the
Utchur, chained up in their rooky bed by ice of six
foot in thickness, had bui-st their icy loin is and spread
thomsolvos over the stirl'aoo knee deep. hi .some
channels they had frozen, and furiiiod a sheet of sloct,
on which the horses, who had not boon rough-shod,
slipt about and slided, and whore even the loiii deer
could not keep their feel. Our men wore obliged to
clio,) and sever the ieo, ar '. strew it, in p.iil.s, with dry
earth and .sand, of which they laid in a stock at coii-
veuient places. In one place, where those precautiims
were not taken, our six horse- all wont down together.
The paoks broke up, and the wliolo day was lost iu
getting them together in good order again.
In one part of our journey wo passed near some
mountains tlitit presented a marvellous sight. The
waters wliioh had been ama.ssod on the siiinmils, had
broken their icy onvolopes, and, tumbling ovi'r the tops,
had been airoslod by frost in I heir piogi'o.s.s. When
the bright, clear, spring sun was .setting, its rays tell fi.ll
U|H)n this piilishod surface, which sjiarkloil as if it had
boon eovoioil will, precious stmies. At the foot of
these moiintains tho river ran .so swiftly that il was
never iVoziii
It wa.s the month of A]>ril when we began to follow
the right bank of tho J'^giue, an allliioiit on thi'
left b.ink of tlio lUi'hur. One day wo caugjil sight nf
some d.irk object that seeinod to be motionless at llio
edge of the rivor brink. At tiisl wo took it for some
animal, but on a nc-iror approadi recognised it aa
a Tunguso, who was seated and weeping He rose iiii
and saluted us after their fashion, and then, in reply to
our inipiirios, told us the cause of his grief.
" Yesterday," said he, " on my comiii); to the wood,
I came upon some traios of a wild rein-doer. I re-
turned home and got my weapons ready and started
with my dog in the middle of the iiigiit, when evoiiiiig
had hardened the snow that fell in tlio luiildlo of the
day. On reaihiiig tin' wood I waited two liours and
smoked my pipe, and ju.st at dawn, whiii il was light
enough to distinguish a font-print, I slipt my dog and
followed him on my skates. .Away over rivers, woods,
and inouiitaiiis we How for hniirs, until the rein door,
foot.soro, left bloody tracos on tho gra.ss, and relaxed
sensibly in their pace. Kaeh leap of my dog brought
him nearer, and at last I hoanl him howl and snap as
he came I'loso upon tho doer. I'.iit all at once the
hound uttered a cry of agnny ; I roaiod as if my heart
would bui-st, and redoubled my speed ; when, at a
loi-sos, and even then our packages were too lietivy i distance of t«o musket shots, I saw mi the gniund two
fragments of tlesh, black and brown, .lust at tho mo-
ment when my dog hail reached the hold of rein deer,
ho hail driven them into a brook-run, and was running
up and down to prevent their esi'a|ie fioiii it. Ilul
while ho was thus engaged, two tamished wolves had
come down from tho inountain. seized him, the one by
the head, the other by the tail, and torn him in pieios !
Moanwhilo the rein-deer had ni'ido otldn all sides. My
dog had seen the snows of .seven winters: fnnti the age
of six months he had taken to the cha.so, and for six
vears not a day pa.s.sed but ho brought me homo a
dinner. Tin elk, the wild rein doer, "lie sable fell to
my unfailing aitows when ouco my dug was on tlirii
' It i« a curiimii fiict, na licri' iiotioil, thnt budw, nt ii very low
tcin)>orntiiri>, iiliiiorliii inuisliiri' ami dhw gu:uiuut«. Xliin wiw
obierviHl bj our Arutie tnrtUwrt.
I I
11
1^. !!i
ii n
1 i : '
1 i'^
h [•
\M
fl 1;
¥
■ ' i
si«
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
tracks I was rich when I had liim ; how jtoor am I
now ! How can I slmw niVNelf before my family , my
wife and children are wuitiiij; to caress him on his
return ; their lamentations will tear my heart like a
jiiHgt'd knife."
We could not comfort the ]Miiir fellow, so we (Missed
on, recommending patience, a ([uality we stood greatly
ill need of, shortly, ouraelves, as we had to join a
party of travellers, and, with onr animals in one col-
lection, horses and ri'in-deer, beat a path across a
moiiiitaiu to the fair of Utchur, where we arrived on
the 1st of May. Here 1 collecttid the tribute (in
Yakut, (EUmgte) and fullille i several other missions.
Thi.s done, on the 1st of June we set otf for Ud.sky,
with our horses refreshed, and ten rt^indeer thiit we
had purchased in addit inn. The Journey now before
us of 500 uides, acro.ss rivers and mountains, was by
no means plea.iaut in pros|iect. How much wor.-^e in
re.ilitN ! When it rained, we drove our bea.sts into
the river and made them swim across ; at other times
we constructeil a r.ift. The country was nothing but
jilains witli sharp rocks, marshes without bottom,
tliat ni'vcr drieil up. When a horse fell in this kind of
biiif, lie could not get U[) ai^ain of himself. Our
scviMitceu liorsi'3 once went all down together, and our
!;nidi's, up to tln'ir girdles iu the mud, dragged the
p.ti'ks awav to .some dntauce, and l.iid them in a
(U'V place. Tlicn thi' lioi-scs had to be dragged
<int and rcladeii, and we stirted on ngiiin, to meet
\iitli a simil ir cata-troph ! some ivn miles further. At
one lime I daslii'd into the bog myself, to hold >ip the
lii'ids nf ih.ise horses who wcie down, a fourth gave
tln-i'c or f piir plun^''-', and was sutricat<>d in the mire.
\\'lifinverc>tc I, the nios piitocs worried us ; and whether
citing, drinking, or siivjiiMg, their visits were equally
inccss lilt atnl vex itioiis.
I'lie Y.ikiit, guides tiok all this ipiictly, if not ]den-
saiitly, and were uniiiiig iu their exertion:;. No
.s.ioner had we halted, tliaii, spite of all the hunger,
tliiist. heat, cold, a.hes. ami wiaiiiiess of the day, they
sat ilowii. some to mend the hanies.s, iithei's watched
the liorses wliiie refreshing theni.selves, otheix nibbeil
thi'm down, and oilieis kipt guard tliroiiiili the night,
as if work and siilli'ring were the ordinaiy habits of
their lives.
.\bout .seventy miles from tliebmks of the Uteliur,
we I'.iine upun the cli.iiii o!' the .liigjnr (tin? (Ireat
.Mount li. I, the VabloMoi or St.uiovoi of the Kussians),
wlii.-h is regarded lus the bickboiie of Siberia. l!i>ing
to tin- cloiuls, and iiowliere diniinishiiig in height, they
strctcji in long r.iiige for ihoiisaiids of miles to the
Krozeii I 'cean, where they lov\er their crests, and ternii-
nite. .Mid-day had ])is-ed wlii'U we reached the foot
of this chain, and we li ilted, perforce, fur the night,
to rct'resli our exhausted hoT-ses. Next iiioriiing,
lieforethe sin's heat eouM be felt, we began the ascent
on loot, the horses followiiig, one by am-, each by him-
self; not one of them even riiblK-d against a Inish, or
fell in the cricks of the rocks, or stumbled in the
ravine or worn watiTways, for the li'ast false step
Would h ive pri> -ipilated thi'iii down the abyss, hi)pel('>,s
of return. .Aft r cieeping along in this way for
fourteen hours, we iittaincMl the summit of Jii.'iiir,
wliidi is uiii|iirstioiiably the highest in the eountrv.
It WiLs extremely cold, and tinu'e was not a gii.it or a
wasp to be seen. We were ipiiU' frozen during the
two hours we h.iited here to rest our hoi-ses Fiom
this elevation, the otlier muuutaiuH, that had apjie e,.,|
so high to us, seemed but little hillocks, and me nu-
merous rivers that descended down the two sides of
Jugjur glittered like tiny threads of silver. The
clo'.ds, driven along like mists, were broken in as iliey
touched the to|i of the moiinUiin, and reniaineil tloating
along its front. It took us much less time to descend
than to climb up. The journey, which liusted about
sixteen hours, had cxh.iunted both ourselves ami bea.sts,
and we halted at the first pluce we came t'- fitted for
an encampment. Then caiiii' the unloading of horses,
the lighting fires to drive off the niosipiitoe.s, and the
delights of hot tea, in the middle of whicli ;iiy dog, » hiili
I had allowed to run loose, came in from the wood, and
made us understand by his quick barking that he liad
found S' iiie animal in the neighbourhood. I know not
what iH'cameof the fatigue that oppres.sed me, the thirst
and hunger that 1 felt ; but away 1 went, without think ■
ing on the tracks of what kind of animul, bear, or wolf,
the youngest of my Co.ssiicks and of the guides accom-
panying nie, armed with knife and riile, of which we
took care to examine the charge and the edge. We
followed the lead of the dog right up to the Ruminit ol
Jugjur. There we discovered an argali or wild sheepl
(.s'('« p. 302) on the extreme edge of a lock, where
there was hardly room for it to lie down. Having
found a woodeil clump, we slipped Iroiii tree to tree
until within a certain di-tance from the animal, and
then tired together. Wi- ha.l.sliot the game, certa.nly,
but to bag It wascpiite anotlic>r alliiir ; one of us would
have gone ilown the rock with a rojie .nid hauled it up,
but even this could not be done lor. on receiving tho
.shot, the argali had lca]it up and rolled over, down
an inimeasuiable abyss The noise occ.isioned by the
clashing of his large horns agiinst the side of the
rock was loudly lepeated by an eclio. As i veiy angle
of the precqiice knocked apiece from the carcass, it
dwindled almost to nothing before 'eachiiig the iMitloni
of the precipice. AVell was it for us that tlii^ clia.se
finished ill this fasliion, for had the game but re-
mained in this place, one of onrselvcs might have
sullered a similar fall in going to seek him.
< 111 our return 1 witmu.sed an odil kind of shot ; the
dogs, who were in iidvain c, ])ursned .some birds, who
went and perched i:i the branches of a sliiin|iy willow.
I reloaded my gun and was about to lire, when the
guide stopped liie, saying that it w,is useless to wa.sle
powder and shot on birds that coiilil l<e taken with the
lianil. Then we cut a long wand, which we stripped of
its leave 1 anil .shouts, and attached to one end a noo.se of
hair, w liicli he held out careliilly to the bird on the
lowest br.inch, and when the silly creature .stri'tclied
forth its head to examine the oliject a little clo.ser, he
* Tiie iir^iili, or wiltl shop (Ovis Aiiiiiidii, Ia'Ssuii, llcsnmn'st ;
.Kirravris iirpili, Piillas, lilic^iiiH; Ovis iii'^mII, llmlil; I'upru Ani-
iiiuii, l.iiiiia'iiii), is viTV litiic less iliMii thi'liiick in size ; iis luiilv is
ciiMTciI all nviT wi li ^liort iiiiir, wliicli is ot a vrllowiHli j;ni\ in
Miiitrr, :oi(l Ufimicsi)!' :i rnssi't i-ol.iir ill >uiiiiii('r. Itiil Ilnn-isoii
tiio liiick ii line (it riis..i't celoiir, wliicli (I-h-s imt cIiuiil'c like I he r. >l.
(It the coat. 'riichoMisnf the mule are larce. l.piiu', nitil ci'iKikeil, a nil
are us iiiiich tis u luuii cun hit with oiie li mil. 'I'lie lioriis it' tho
ft>iii,iteareMiiull,iiltiiosi siriiiL'h1,.iti>l much like tlxi-eni tlieihiiiie^ti-
ciitcil ^oat, I'lilike the ri'iii-<l<-cr, ihc ur^;ili ilwilU In tic iiioiiii-
l.iiiiH iliirini; winter, iomI in sjTiiiijHecKrt the jiluin.. unit tlh'vullc\»;
this Klii^iiliirity is ucctiiintcil tiir hy the fict, that tlic \\ii,«i sweeps
uwiiy tliu siliivv triiiii the Kiiliitnits nt' the iiioiitituti s. iiikI |iii^h«'H
it liijjellier ill the l"w reirions, so as to ent rely C'Ver them.
(■iClisl with ^rrnt utility, it leaps tniin reek to nick to hrowse (Hi
the inosse*, the rare ^tiss, anil the ti'iiiler slionts of the iiiyrl'e.
I'tio feiiiuli* heuiH twice u-\eur - spr'ii;; mill uiitiiinii- iiiiil llieii
),'lve hirlh to t»o I ilillw lit one lime Ilie ll.'sh, Ullil e>|S'ciully
tiiu tat ul the uigiili, uru luucli sought after h^' siberiau buntvrt.
m!
UP AND DOWN THE AMOOR.
Sit
tlion liitclii'd tlio sli|i-kTiot. ovor its iii-ok, mid drew it i
t.iiWMiils liiiii. Ho twislcd its nt'ck, iuid tlicii oau{j;lit !
Mil tilt! list in till' s.iiiii! t'asliiiiii. Tliia l)ii(l, «liich tlif
ViiUiits liill kiiriiLi/,nui\ tlui Uiissiiuis dikoiilii, \n l:iii»cv
lliiiic :i ]iiill('t, 1111(1 Icsstliiui tliesjii'ikli'dcock of tin: wmiils
oi'c'iiprnuilzic, whioii it n-Heinlik's in its )iliiinaKtMiii(l tlif
t isto nt'ils flisli. It is tolenilil)' laij;e in the Ixuly, ami
sliciit ill lilt! iiftk. I liii •'3 never met tills bird olln'rwist-
tl !iii at I'llsky, aiitl tlit'ii uiiyrarely. Frtnii tlieday tliat
we iiuittfil .liiLTJiir until ,liat of our arri-iil at IJtlsky,
vc tiHik ii]i iiiir i|Uiirl('rs cvrv uiglit iieai- tlio elliDW of
till' rivtr, ;iiitl stifti'lied simic nets we had hniuijlit
ncniss it. 'I'lii' iit'Xt nioniincr generally hrtnmht us
two (ir thrct' liiit'tish of the SiUinon species, the r/mrhih,
or Siiliiiii tliyiii;illiis, ail agreea'.ilc atlditioii to ranciil
liulter, ilry liisiuit, or oiitmeal, /hich must otherwise
have I'l't'ii our tare. |
The town of Udsky (I't, in Yakut), where we ,
arriveil in the iiiitlille of siimiiier, is situate on the left ,
hank of the Kiver Lit, in a eoiiiitiy where a liij^h ]
mountain sinks down, ami forms a tolerahly largi.' |
vallev ; it is ahoiit sixty miles from the Sea of (.)khotsk. j
its |)ti[mlation eoiisists of a jiriest, a ehurehwarden, a j
I'aptain of Cossaeks, who acts as j;overnor. iind fifty
men iiiitlir his iiriiers ; a dozen of peasants, six or seven j
Ciissiiiks, three or tour Yakuts; lastly, three or four ;
humlittl TiiiiLjusi's, who have no tixod dwt'lliiii,'s, Imt
wiiiiiltr alioiit ill winter anil siiiimi sr, and transport |
tlienisclvfs from jilaeo to ))lace as the chase invites j
tlifiii. Ifavinn a mission to stmly v,lio manners ami!
industry of this peoplf, [ was ol)lii,'ftl to travel all over
till' country ; so, lia\ iin{ smitched a brief repcse, I em-
harked with my two ( 'ossacksaiid guides, ami ilfSii'mled
till' liivcr I't, which runs into l,lie sea. At its month,
two or three Tuii'j;iise are stalioiicd, who eaiilure an
immense quantity of ka,>liu (a species of trout), si-a-
sharks. and also lay up stores of whale oil ; foi every
year the waves throw up, on this shore, one or two
whales of alioilt six oi scm'ii fathoms iu length. They
shoot the larger .sea-sharks, Imt kill thesmall ones with
chilis. A portion of these skins theytiress, and smoke
the rest for soles to their samlals. These skins are ex-
cellent. The marshes alioiit aboiiiitl in geese and ducks,
lu'sitles a great niiinlier of sea-snipe or sanderliiigs, and
other kinds of birds. On the turn of the title, these
small waders go tlowii to the shore, ami place them-
selves on sm.'ill islands; but not tinding snlliciciit room,
tliev staiitl one on the top of the other; and 1 have
killed littv-livc at one shot, when they rose in flight.
After p.issiiig four thiys in this jilaee, 1 turned
b.iek towards the frontier of I'tlsky, acconipanicil by six
men, navigating two canoes, made from hollow poplar-
trees. The tiist ilay.siich w;is the force of the current,
that we were coinpcllcil to work n|> by means of iron-
shod poles; in the evening ami all night the rain fell,
and the next mornitig the water liatl reacheti the top
of the bank. At this season it rains for five days
without sto|i|)inLr. I'Varing too long a detention if wo
m.'ide a halt, :is well as nmniiig short of provisions, we
resolved to spare no etforl in niaking our way up the
river. Jliiriiii; live tiays «c adv.uicctl from tree to tree
along its borders ; we were exii.iusted, our provisions
gone, and we were yet forty niilcs from llilsky bv water,
iind twclvi' across the forest by land. (>iir guides as
Burtd me that the three stre ims .wdlicli ineandereil
through the tiircst would not hinder ns |iassiiig ; so I
armed myself with my rille and luiteliet, and slarlcd at
sunrise, with oneCoiisack and a guide. Our intention wiis
to go over the wood and return in the evening with
game for those of our jiarty who remained in the boats.
Hut this ]ilaii could not be tarried out, since we had
not gone nmru than three miles before we eaiiie to a
stream that we eoulil not get over, ami lost half the
tlay in going up to its bed, which we tinally crosseil
with the water to our girdles. In the iMiiing, just
at siin.set, we came on another stre.mi some miles long,
and which it was impossible to turn, so we pas.setl the
night on its hank, exposed to the ruin, witlnmt aiiv
covering. A fire was got up of damp wood, which
smoked hideously, ami gave out little warmth. Wo
smoked ami shivered through the night, and in the
morning, at the first tlawn, niatle a raft ol four or five
fallen trees, so that two of ns might f,'o over at a time
to the opposite bank. \Ye had tiiiishcd this Job by
mid day, but as the timber was saturated with water,
our raft would not support more than one at a time ;
and ut last, it was arr.inged that the giiiilc shouM imss,
push on to I'iKky upon it, and scml b.ick a caiiiic to
meet us. When, however, we hail }'ot our fr.iilbaik
into the middle of the stream, it turned over, scparatcil
into two |iiect'S and threw the boM navi;;ator into the
water; we heard him uttering loud erics of distri'.ss,
but could not get near him. Happily lie was a good
swimmer, lamlcil in wifcty on the other sitlc, rested
himself, and started for Itlsky. liciiig left alnne with
the Cossack, I ap|ilittl myself to igniting tires in ilitl'e-
rent directions to keep otf the bears. However, with
the exertion of the tlay, I slept soumlly, aiidoiilv woke
at the rising of the sun, to hear the voices of two naii
anil our guide, who liatl come back with a canoe to
carry us to IMsky, which we readied at iiiiiliiighi,
after two days ■.|)ent without food. AYc hatl been scmii
tlays successi- ely iu our wet elothe.s, yet not one of us
wits ill.
Our secontt ."xeursion was still worse. It began iu
September, when the nights were cold, and the wafer's
growing shallow, began to be stillilietl into ice. 1 em-
barked anew with my t«o('o.ssacks an 1 three guiiles to
go and tiiid an as,sembly of Tunguses. After we li'f't
I'dsky, it snowed at the first jilaee whcif wf haltttl,
anil tlie guides rising in the night, couUl timl only one
rein tleer, the rest having been dispcisttl by a wolf.
They startctl off, all three, on the se.ireli, and lett ine
alone with the two Cossacks. Tlii'ir absence lasted three
days, tluring which it rained and snowed unceasingly.
The provisions that we lijtl ]ii(ivitlid for six or seven
1 tlays were all washetl away; the place we I'l'acht'tl bail
been a niai'sh, and our posit ion was right tlowii niclaii-
clioly. On the fourth il.iy our guitlcs brought b;ick six
of our rein ileei', which they had much trouble in
lintling ; all traces of the rest were lost. We starti il
'. the .same tlay, that is, as .soon as our lent would allow
i U.S, for it was frozen into a sheet of gla.ss, outsitic, to the
thickness of three lingers.
The ruonlli of Sejitciuber is the worst time of ye n'
for travilling in Siberia. A thin licet of ice, eo\cntl
with snow, sM'ctcbes over banks iMVeretl with gr.isscs ;
over rivers which issue out of lakes ; ami over muddy,
shallow streams ; not being strong enough to be.ir any
weight, it breaks niitlcr the foot ; the ri'in-deer 'ii'-
ipienlly sink through it, ami the traveller tiills into the
water nnicss Ik: takes great eare.
Scarcely hatl we tpiitted our encain|Uiient but I
plungetl into the water, iu which comlition, wet through
to the skin, 1 kept joiirneving on fioin iniil tliiv I"
dark niglit, and tor six or seven hours was only a
i I
' !
! ;
818
ALL BOUND THE WORLD.
moving icicle. My arms and my feet wuro l)eminibi'(l
and without .sonsjitinii, l)Ut a ^(hmI Imwl <if tea and Nonu!
warm clotlirs set all riglit. Tlu' iiioniiiif; after, we
arrived at tlie frontier station of Udsky, wlienee, after
ten days spent in i)rc])aration, I stirted off on my grand
journey with nv > Ol)ssal•lc^', two guides, and thirty
rein-deer,' in granu javalcade, just at the end of Sej)-
temlier.
We yaished along to Burukan, which is neaily four
hundred miles to the south-east of Udsky, and three or
four days from the mouth of the A moor. It is nearly
four hundred miles from llurMkan to the source of
the Hyniya, and two hundreil ,ind fifty from ISyraya
to the River Silimji, whiih is live hundred miles from
Udsky. Tlie first day of our voyage we halted after
a short stage v{ (ifteen miles. As .soon as the rein-
deer were uidaden, and .set at liberty, witli a log sus-
j)en(hd round their necks, so as to himler their running
far away, the guides .sounded the earth with a long
p(jle ; and while all of us together, Cos.saek.s, guides,
and myself, cleared the tliiek .snow, one of the guiiles
lookeil aflir small wood for the tire, and another cut
about thirty poles, stripped them of their branches,
and plaeeil them where we had swept off the snow.
Three of thi'iu were tieil together fur the centre, and
the rest put up across, ami the .skins spread over them,
a small o|)eniiig being left .it th'/ top tor the smoke to
escajie ; the snow is heaped up round tlio t<Mii, leaving
only a n.irrow entrance-way o|ien. Lastly, the ground
is strewed with small branches, and upon tlicso a beil
of furs is laid. In the centre of the t<'nl a tire is
lighed with the chips and small pieces of wood, to
melt the snow in tlu' c.iiddron and tea-kettle. ,Some
time is occupied in getting supper ready, and it is mid-
night wlien we take to our beil.s. When we get up in
the mnriiing. we take our garments from under the
snow with wliiili we have covered them, that the wet
may be alisorbcd out, and we drink tome tea which we
keep really. As .soon .is it is d.iy light the guides take
their Id.isus (long ropes), and go after tiio hor.se.s. They
throw tliern over the reindeer's leiins, who stands quiet
■when caught, as if surrendering to >inavoid.dilo fate.
Then ccjmes jiaekiiig and loading, and so for .seven
months we went on travelling all through the long
winter, nev' • sli'cping uii<ler a roof. lu three sl.itions
only, where 1 made a halt of two days, did 1 iind ten
Tungu.si' huts together in one |il,ice.
The surl'aci' of this immen.se country, which is more
than two hundred kiesin e.\tent (about tifteen hundred
miles), is covered with thick forests, rock.s, ami moun-
tains, and streams of water; nowhere is a road to be
seen. The I'ungii.se guides know the name of every
river and every stream, so as to Iind out, without
chance of losing them.selves, exactly wliere they are.
In sonui of the pa.ssi'.s, wheie the snow lies dee)i, they
had their beasts to the front and cause them to
trample u patluway ; iu othtTs, they cleave with their
' riio rein-ilpor, liarnps.scil two nbnivst, to ^ t'liii'lcn riirrving tlie
driver iiml oTio ii;i.;st'n::iT, »it Kiiiil to pfrlnrii it hunilii-d vt'r>t?*
a-ilnv, ilioujjh, "11 11 liiiu j'liiitit'v. tlii-ir ilaily i viTujrc ou^lit not to
111! allowfil lo t'Xfccii tilty or sixty verstn. On prrssin^ occneionft,
liuwi'viT, thoy Imvi! tnivill'il t'nun (Ikliotsk to Yiiknisk in oiplit
(luySpliiMiit; littli' niTi' lliuii liulf tliu fihortcst time ■■ wliii'li horses
liiivoaooniplisliid tlu' (llstiinci'. Why tljiH (litri-ri'iice ? t'hic'lly, of
rourflo, bc'piinsc tlic ri'in-iloT willi its s|ii«iiliii^; luHif, ii kiiiil of
liicnriil snow.Hlioi", timlii ii ^jikkI piiili, intliu (rill, of .Valnrc, ovit
tliu sotti'sl ilril;!!, while tbe lioriM everywhere eiii.'uunleni ■« liixl
ruud, till) fault uf luiui.
hatchets a way through ndles of almost impenetrable
bushwood ; ami in such regions it is with diffieulty that
six or seven miles can bo travelled in a whole day's
journey.
It was just in the middle of winter that I crossed
the Hyraya, an extremely high mountain, after piU!.sing
the night at its foot. The evening was closing in as I
attained the sununit, the clindiing up to which was ono
of the most dillieidt feats 1 ever accomplished. Wo
had to clear from our jiath a fathom depth covered
with ^ hard crust. We came upon a block of stone a
fiithom high, and having climbed up it after great
ditliculty, were obliged to unload our beasts and hoist
them in the air over it. Never can I forget tho
fatigues of this journey. Having drank some snow-
water plentifully in ascending, I was seized with fever
and shivering, without medicim! or hel|i, on the top of
a mountain, in a freezing wind. I found myself in a
sad position, and thought I s:iw tho shadow of death.
The struggle for lite went on thriaigh the night, my
faithfid Cossacks anil guides anxiously watching nu!,
bewailing my eonditiiai, and taking care that I did
not throw oli' the fin's that covered me, since if the
cold caught mo all wiaildbe over. Towards morning I
slept; and awoko bathed i- ^weat. In the evening I
felt oidy a head-ache, and t. next morning was able
to resume my route. At the end of si.x months my
mi.ssion was lultiUed, and I returned to Udsky.
The country I had travtived is dillicult to explore,
an account of its impracticalde roads, its impenetiablo
woods, its inaccessible niountjiin.s, and tho numberless
watercourses that intersect it; but it is rirli iu
nninials of every kind — jianthei-s, bears, w Ives,
gluttons, lynxes, Idack and white fo.\es, sables, sipiinel.s,
kire.s, otters, elks, reindeers, stigs, does, wild shee|i,
musk-deer, wild boar, flying sipiirrel, bats, mice of all
kind.s, ermines; and of bird.s — white .storks, swans,
ducks, divers, geese, cranes, capercailzie, white par-
tridge, black duck, karaky, woodcock.s, Ac,
The month of April .saw me on my way to Yaktitsk,
a voyago at such a season neither without its ditlieiilties
nor its «langers ; the bears at this time come out irom
their dens, >liiven by hunger, and attack the first living
creature they me<'t. These bears are of prodigious
strength, and not easy to escape from ; they will havo
flesh and blood ; ami travellers who don't wish to
pay it in their proper jiei'sons must j)roee<'d carefully,
and with .some ])recaution.'
There are otlirr dangers from the rivers; and the
rein-deiT which will occasionally leap into a river to
the traveller's intense disgu.st and illscoinlilnre. Some-
times, too, there are no dry jilaces to be found at night
to lie upon, and the jwxir belated voyager has to ciiop
down a tree or two, and so make a platform on which
to stretch his skins — the ciH)king his sup er under
such circumstances is a matter re<iuiring jiatience and
dexterity.
After arriving at Yakutsk, I was despatched first
to Uleumnisk and then to Vilionisk, on the Kiver
Vilioui, about 420 miles from Yakutsk. lietween
till so two towns is a desert about «S0 miles in widiii;
but tlie environs uf Vilionisk are peopled by .'Kl,OU()
' "We met tho po»t from YakutHk," s"ys Ciiptuin Coclirnno^
"imiliu tlio roiir.seof nn hour inoro we were orer;H''enl»y tlmt f^-oin
Okliotsk ; the latter liiiil iM'en eucouiiteriKl l>y a liciir, which hml
iieslroyi.l moat of the lettem uiid pa])i'r9. The jouriinl of Cupt«in
^'uliliiliel^ll ei|i«Hlitiuu, iu pwticulur, bud sulTured much,"
UP AND DOWN THE AMOOR.
Sid
souls, and iiljouiul in stream, wood, and pxsturagc,
;;ainc, fi-li, i|ii:idi'U|i('d.s, and liirds in tlic forest. 1
sciini'ly ixiiiiw a |il:u'(! wlicrc tin; | |iii' live lia|i|iier,
or iiave ii'ss to eoiM|>laiii alimit. In this place arc
tliree riinari<:ilile ]i|]eiioiiii'na — tlie first is a mound of
salt which melts in the spriiii,' and summer witli the
rain, hut is ri'stored in thi^ winter. It is an enormous
mass of tlu-ee colours, white, dear, and transparent,
reil. and IjIuc, 'Phe inhal)ilants keen it for their own
eonsuMiplion 1 The second cniiosit_> is the ahnndance
of pneious trans|iarent stones in the streams, and of
vhiili a coniioiss ur might perhaps ho uhlo to estiniate
the value. I h<' third curious thing consists of u large
■ jnintity of petritied wood — whole trees with their
la.inclies ai-tuallv liarde eil so as to serve the purpose
I'f i,'un-llints. The growth of harley in this and the
.1 Ij: lit di-liirts shows tliat were the Yakiits alive to
liii ir own interests, a new source of wealth would
speedily ari^e in tlieir country.
'I'he IVos' is inteiis<' in this country. The tempera-
ture, liy l!<Muiner, varii's lietween 40 and 4') degrees ;
liut thc> ativcs, and even travellers, do not ceiuse to go
mil ill I le open air. In the winter the only complaint
i> e piig ; liii; the heats of summer are daiigcrou.s, ami
dianliiea or liloody lliix is a fatal complaint that
rallies iilf the VaUuts liy hundreds, the Ru.ssiau
iiieilieal men heing uiiahle to master it. The country
is >o exti'Usive that the temperature is far from heing
I he >aine tliroiigliout ; at < Mekininsk, for instance, harley
lliiivi's well, for lln^ white frost comes in late ; lint at
.li.;ansk, on the contrary, the earth is nevt^r unfrozen
luiire than two spans in depth, and snow falls in the
iiiniith of .\ugust.-
The Yakut population is ahoiit l()0,0(1f) men, .and
the same numlier of women. 'I'hey are all haptised in
the (Jreek t'hurcli, with few exception.s. lint they
slid keep up many supi'rstitious helii'fs, and specially
that of prostrating themselves hefore the devil. In |
cases of long illness, they have resort to conjurations
of their .^haman.s.-'
' T Ills in (Ml tliC Kuor I\a'in|iii'iiilii'i, acconliiiff to our VaViit
tr.iviil T. lint |{;i|>tiiiilL'iut l.w (iiiii'lin, Vol. 1., p. !tH, of Koraliii's
lr;iiisl;itiiin,
■' All l'!n;;iish traveller ijlvcs ;i more niireealilc pri)s|ipet. Ifo
wiis 1111 lUM ly llie .siiine rmiil, ami in \\\- viciiiiiy of Irkiilsk.
" We |ii'rl'iriin'il," In* mivs "Si vi-rsts, p-neriilly iit a ^uliop, witli
ithihI li'iisi'N, lliMiiiLxii 11 cimntry uliicli mii all siile.H exhibitril sif^iia
of (' vil^ati 'II iiml eiiinf'irt lln' lainlsiMiu'. Ih'm'.iIi'S its Uliililiutilii;
(■li:ii;u'Lrr, WHS lnMHt iriillv viirii'ii, i-iiii>i^liia; of copses of woihI,
liiu'ii'iiis U'i'iii;iii; Willi Willi (iiwl. mill jii- lirii senvcri'il witli (iimitli'ss
luTils, llic wliole siiliJiviili'd into si'piiiiiic I. inns, eiit'li w'tli its own
liiiiiiestcml, liy ffiifcs iiii'Uiiiiitiii.irks, Simiool tlie pivtiicst spots
iv.ii'iimsirralciltollieiliail, tiuli Iwly Imviiifra Mooilea toiiibover
il, with a cTci>s lit ciiliiT inil. fhe iiiitivos wei-e lin-ily ciii'.i;.'e(l in
iiiiiUiiiu' hay I'lr their cattli', but liir tln'ciittliMiiily, the horses being
iill a:l winter lo shift instiiielive'.y fir tht'iiiselves, by seniiiiiiH iiway
the siiovv. Ilii'V were iniiwiii»; with a lo'ytlu* ot pi'ciiliiir form,
which they swiiiij; very iiwkw'iiriUy over their lieiids, choiipinir ttie
irrass rather t hull cm taii; it. 'I'lie carts for coiiveyinjj the liny to
the liiriiiMinls, wlierc it was stackeil iis in Kurope, Imil runners
iiistciiil of wheels, U-in^ nut unlike the vehich'S tisiil for tlic same
jHU'posi' in some parts of tlie )ii;:hl:inils oC Scot hunt Unw liappy,
tliniii^ht I, wiiulil it make me, to see some of the |ioor shvil'CS ot"
North America thus ilevotiiiLr their lives to pciiceful iniliistry, iinil
ciiJo\iii(; all llie comforts of a paslornl existence! In iiiiiiiy purls
lit their country they iiiijht well tie as I'lunfortiihly settleif if
tiii'j wonlil sli:ike off their iiiilnlent love of the chiise, not only us
.1 laeiins ot ohtuininir siiKsisicnce, lint even as a pustinie.'*
' llii! tricks of a Vuiiiit Sliumiin or wi'll-sori'crtT are Btriimre.
" lie wie-e," Buys a traxeller {Srf p. 3*20), ile-criliinj; t e unties of
one ho met on his wuy to (ikhiitsk, "a sort of short snrtout,
covered over with a v.iricty of small pieces of iron, about the si/e
auil shu^H! of the ;ioiiitu(l bladu of a peiikuifu ; his bouta wvru tin-
The Yakuts area]ieople of Jiiucli affability, vivacity,
and clevernc.s.s. They are social nnd hospitahle to'a
degree. The traveller, with them, is welcome to all
in their tent, and may stop a week or a month with
oiiually undiminkshed welcome. They regard itasn sin
to receive ]iaymeut for hospitality. Tlicy ]iav great
respect to age, follow the counsels of the old nun. and
regard it as a crime to in.sult or irritate them. When
a father has many children, lie liuilds houses for them
in siicces.sion, as they marry, a.'d shares with them his
cattle and his go<id8. The weakness of a Vaknl is a
love for ardent spirits. He will steal all that you
place within his reach, unless you give hini enough" to
get drunk with at onoe. He will go days witlnnit
eating, hut scandal gives hira a gluttonoiis apjietito
when he has a chance of feeding on the fat of the
land. Cajitain Cochrane speaks of 40 pounds of mutton
at a meal ; lint this was done for a wager ; and
Governor .Simp.son witnessed the feat of 3ti avoirdu-
pois jxHiiids of heef boiled, and 18 pounds of melted
butter, being swallowed at one meal by two Yakuts
— one old, the other young.
They are fond of going to law, and are clever in
tri'de and commerce; arecapitjil shots, and, if anything,
too peaceful. The women are, some of them, prt'tty,
and invariably better looking than the men. They
are f<ind of finery, make exemplary and ohedient
wives ; one of their principal social cares is to keep their
head and feet covered in the ]irc.sence of a stranoer,
and never to take the right-hand side of the way.*
broldiTed, lis wore also bis cup iind (ihives. The porforiimnee, if
course, began by smoking a pipe ; tjien, taking his tuinliiimiiu. ^ind
liokMigu, ur tambourine stick, he sculed liiiiiself iross-lcL'geil iieur
the person to lie exorcised, and Ih'guii to sing u doleful dittv, ue-
compunied by iiioro doleful niusie ; the iiii]iort of the* song leoiild
not gather. After tins inlriiduction he begun to bop, jump, and
fling himself iilmut, roaring, screaming, and mukiiig Ihu most
hideous distortions of face Hiul Ixnly, so tliul I netiiully h< liived him
to Imj uiad. I never felt more pain lor any one than 1 lilt for this
Sliuuiuii, certainly mueh ii ore than for the sick |Krson, on whose
behalf bis iiii'antutioiis were made. After this violent exercise,
be ilrcw bis knife, and, to nil appearance, pluiiyetl it into bis
stoniiu'h. I really felt alarmed, lielieviiig he hud uetiially com-
iiiitted juieiih' ; he, however, drew buck the knife in my pro-
seiice, witliout any elfiision of blood, and, indeed, without any
uetuiil incision liaving been iniide. He then foriniilly iinnoniK-ed
thiit the evil spirit would not triumph, nrovided the piistomiiry
sacrifiie were muile of a f'ut mute. Tht imrty were then dis-
missed with an invitation to come to the iieil duy's feust when
the mure wus to lie ciwiked.
' Captain CiHlirane's areount of tbes'; people, amongst whom
be lived some time, is slightly diflennt. '* 'I'hey are eviih-ntly."
be says, "of 'I'lirlar oriirin, us their languiige is uiuhrstuod by tlie
'ruriarsof Kusun. ('fliey cnme troin tiie i-oiintry of the I'pper
AiniMir, and drove all the iintive tribes before them.) 'I'lieir
coinpleiion is of a light copper colour ; ihey arc, generally, of low
sfulnre, with innre regiilur uiid pleiising *i'atnres limn the Tnii-
giiM'B; they are more bo-pifiible, gooil-teni|M'red, and orderly, but
neither so bonest nor so indeiHaident : they biive n servility, a
tiinieiic^'S, nnd a want of elmrueter, wliieli iissimilutes them, in
some measure, to the despiciible Kamseliatdulcs. 'fhe more a
Vukut is beaten, the more ,ie will work ; touch a Tmiguhe, and
no work will be got from him. The Ynknti iirev<r\ ingenious,
nnd excellent meibunics ; they make their own kniies, guns,
kettles, and various iron utensils."
" In Mr. Shiijur's house," says (lovcriior Simpson, " I suw some
works of the Ynknti, in iron and silver, very skilfully tinished.
The silver bud lH*eii obtained from n nioniitniii to the north of
Vukutsk, the ore containinir seventy percent, of lend, uiiil lour of
the preiions luetnl. 'fhe iron, ns I underititnd. w us foil d between
Nnrjirka and the Alesni ; and t was assured tliut the tools made
of it, whether from the excellence of the muteriul or from the
ingenuity of the workman, rarely broke, even in the 84'verest c*ild,
— a degree ot jK'rtection never yet exbihitrtl. in IIiuUoh's Itay, by
uxlb 1 1 \\m best tempei. 'I'bese Vakuti are exiicrt in iimny other
li ^1 <
!l ji
ill 1 1
I
YAKUT SHAMANS, OR UKMON DlSPKl.t.KRS.
ICIAL TRAVELLING. -RUSSIA IN ASIA.
'^V%
f K H/a't"'-^^
/f
'.1
ill
i: jlMlli'
^'"^ iliii
,,111 .11,1111 |i.
1 1
-i&:ti *':« |ffl' , p
mmmw
Ir.Viiii'
iv'rlii'i iiiA|,'' ,
o
u
o
U
G
: tl' i
FROM ASIA TO AMERICA.
Havino crniti'il Yiikiitsk us ii fixed station iind
ccntro, fVoiii wliieli tci tr.nk their wuy on t<iwaril-i
the iniieli-Hoiijilit-after Kastern Ocean, tlie C'os«,iek>-
made tlieir way across tlie country, anil readied llie
shores of tlie Sea o( Okliotsk ; at the toji of tlie liay
o( which, at tlie mouth of the river, tliey founded a
town and fort of that iiaiui', su)i|iosiii}r that they could
advance no further, ami iijnoraiit that th y had but to
cross the hay to reai li tlic> reiiinsula of Kamsehatka —
that (i|i|iosite to them lay the vast coutiueiit of the Xew
AN'orld ; that close on tlie rijjlit wa.s the fahled realm of
Japan, and still farther on, the long sought lifter China
and ('iitliay.
Kamsehatka was not discovered from Okhotsk — the
iicarust ]ioiiit to it. It was reached landwards.
nrts, l)i'siiti'< till" ivorliiiii; (if nH'tiiU. In |iri'|i:u'iiiir tlicir :'io(l, fur
instuiicc, iiir-iinsl tlif wintiT, \hv\ far ^Mr|)l!4S tliu Indians nt
Nortli .\iu!Tii'n, ri'tuli'rimr, in piirticni.ir. tlicir dried incut and
drifd tisli niiiri' juii'V and tcndi r, tiy lir<t dipping,' tliom in liniic:
tliom^h, rif'iT all, there iri nn lrn\*elliii^ Cure in "^dieria to Ik' cian-
)iared witli peininican, wlictlier t"r its small Imll; or its iintritidiH
ipialiiies. I'liey arc ]>atient under fatigue, and can resist jjreat
privatiiMH. Tliey are, liki' tlic 'rnn;;nses, ^^rcat ^^luttens, lait
sultsist iniistlv npim lierse-tlcHli — a mare hein^ considered by tlieni
.IS tlie irrealest delieai-y, Init never slanuditcreil t^xcejit in saiTitiee
ton .Sliaiiian. 'I'iie horse is to the Vakici what the wiilrns is to
the .Meiitinns, their hi'.st frienil in a jtrcat vurlity of wayn. lie-
>ides heinir sold as a whole for a pru'e, his lahoiir ciiriis iiioliey tor
his owner j his th-sli is used ii.s foisl ; the hide of the inner part ot
his thi^li makes waterproof hoots; while the rest of his skin is
formed into cap, shirt, and trousers; and lastly, his inaiie and
tail hei'oine the means ot' drawinj;^ tisli out of the wale . Ovei
and ahove tliesi-, tlu' mare yielils milk, whidi, when i. i inented
to the iTidis]iensa1)lc koiiiyss, supplies a portahlo sohstitntc,
sliL'lilly spirit nons and very palatalde, at laiee for iiicat and
drink." Their riches consist in larj^e herds of horses and horiieil
cattle, hesides all alaiiidancc of the tinest and most vahiahle furs.
Tlii'y also carry on a consiilendile traili^ amoiiij themselves, and
Home oj their iirinees are iiiimcnsrly rich, doini; hiisiness to the
extent of 15(1.000 ronhles a year, and yi't In in,' in the same
misery as tlieir servants, slcepiii;; in the same apartment, whieli,
pi'rliaps, contains firty or lifly people. Their dress dillcrs little
Ironi that of the iiei^^hh mriiii; trihes, h iiig made of reindeer-
skins for the rich, and horses' hides tortile pivirer classes ; tlieir
irreatest luxuries are t'-a,toliaceo, and spirits, 'flicy sit crossde_'<^ed.
The Unssiaii cl,'r'.;ytncii deliver their discourses in the VaKiiti
dialect, wliieli is used for private conversation, and is fashionahle
111 Yakutsk. The people are carelnlly oliservaiit of relitfiiiiis cere-
monies, attend tlie sacraments of the church, and studiously sav
their prayers ic^ht ami u'ornin;;. 'I'licir yurts are eomt'ortahle,
mill upon the arrival of ii ^iiest are made us clean as dean straw
Clin make them ; in other re-jH'ct^ they are disixustiiiiT enough,
beiiiij hut too frequently tilled with veniiin. 'I'liese yurts,
•.iiiliki' the iiiaMed leiits ot the other waiid.-iing fartar tnhes,
consist ot one larjje apartment, and a corndiouse adjuiiiin^. The
mode of constnietiiif; ilii-ir dwelliiiirs is as follows: — nine jiosts
.ire driven into the ground in th" form of a sipiare, the three in
centre b.'iiig liighcr than the others; on tliu.so |M)stii tliey lay
tliree heaiiis, while the tour corner-|H)st8 are connected by two
other eross-heatiis. 8toiit planks are then placed sloping from the
earth to the hori/ontid beams, to which they are fastened, while
other planks are also laid .shiping from the iipi«'r part of the niof
to the iidc'posts, overlapping the others, (irass, nioiitd, and
dung are then pliistered over tliein in Hun of calking, and the
walls are b.iiikeil up w ith the saiiie materials, fenced in during the
winter. The heiit in the yurts is preserved by iiieain of the
3now, which twcoines Imnlcned to mich a degree its to resist the
ftre and amcke trom the chimnoy ; blocks of ice are placed in the
Starting from Yakutsk on the Lower r,ennl (sootlon
s|ioken of, and always an iui|iortiint ]ilaee as the
iiiitral stage of eumiuiiiiieatioii with the I'acitie — am'
so with the Kast, an oliject never lost sight of), the
t.!o.ssaeks piissed in sueeessioii all the more easterlv
feeders of the I'olar .Sea, ascended the (ireater Aiiiiiij
an luixiliary of the Kolinia, to the height ol hnnl.
descended the Anadyii to the Kastern Ocean, ami
siil)sei|ue]itly overran Kamsehatka, .s|ieiidiiig on tlii^
long and circuitous journey, as if to .show that the
necj'.ssities of natiii'e had more to <lo in the matin
than the caprices of men, the lives of two geiieri
tions In another ]ieriod of nearly the .same leiiL;ili
they grasped link after link of the interinediate cli.iin,
ferrying themselves, as it were, across the J'acillr
merely liy uiikitig a long arm, till at last, in Ki^.i,
they carried their fortunes to the farthest end of the
line, liy planting a se'Memeiit on the Island of Ko-
diak. 'i'lie Co.s.sacks thus worked to the left of Okhotsk,
supposing a man to stand with his face tow, arils the
I'acilie ; and it was in the coniitry of tl,o Kolima
that they first liecaii: acipiaintcd, at a fair, witli
the Tchuktchi, a (leuple who were in the lialiit of
crossing the str;iits lietwceii Asia and America, ami,
indeed, are liy many supposed ' to lie a trilie orij,'i
nally of Ainericiiii origin, who had come over and
sides of the windows, nn-l give a dear transparent liglit ; tbniigh
sometimes bladders or oiled p.iper, as well as a paitieular s))eeies
of r. fossil, called I'itrum Riithenh'tim Mtiritt, glass or talc, serve
for the same. Three sides of the interior are divided iiilo parti-
lions, two or three living ill each, aeeordiiig t» the size of the
laiiiily, and are used as lied-plaies; they are three or four feet
^vide. and ten long. In the centre is the hearth and ehimney
I'ormed by upright sticks, fasieneil on the inside. The wood is
placed in an upright direction on the heartli, and the tire is kept
up constantly night and day. T'lie state apiirtiiiciit,aiid of course
that occupied l)y the chief guests, is the furtliest trom the ihior,
and immediately under the image of the patron siint. the
kitchen utensils are not mimenais; a litree iron-kettle, a boiler, a
large tea-kettle, and a few wooden Isiwls ami s[iihiiis (of Cbiiii-se
maiiuliictiire), with still fewer earthen jars, and a kiiil'e for each
|H'rsoii, constitute the w liole. The richer Yakut may have a
saincvan, or tea-uru, and perhaps, in such cases, a tea-isit also,
but ill general the tea is made in tlie kettle. They use no jihites,
but taking a large piece of beef in their lelt band, they secure it
with their teeth, ami then cut away as- niueh with the right a^-
will till the mouth ; some warm melted butter tinishes the repast,
when the pi|ie and tobacco come in as a dessert.
' The L'lia is one of the grandest rivers in the world. Even
at the city of Vaknisk, a distance of 1,21X) or I,;i00verst8 from
the sea, it is aliout live or six inih's « iile ; and its entire length ia
not less than 1,000 vei-sts. Of all the streams in this country of
llie first class, it is the only one that ilows exclusively through
the Kussian territory. 'i"lie t)lH'y and the Vcnissei have each one
or more of its principal sources far wiiliin tlie limits of ('himse
'fartary ; but the liCna, jiroiierly so called, is separated trom the
Celestial ICuipire by the Valley of the Angara, a purely Siberian
tributary of the Y'enissei, a valley which, curiously ciiongh, even
overlaps it ten degrees to the eastward, while the Lena's main
auxiliary, the Vittoire, is so tar from ilself crossing the frontier
that it is robbed, as it were, of some of its own waters by tlia
more northerly t'ciilers of the Aiufsir I'lider these circiinistaiici*a,
the I,eiia, if estimated by the crow's lligbt, is undnulitedly tlie
shortest of the tlireti. Its very name, wliicli utpieMcii luiiiMH,
iinpliea the circuitous character of its course.
SM
ALL ROUND THR WORLO.
M^
'•'■>■'.
I I-
' ' ^ ;ij^;i ii
|ic'ii|ilo(l tlie priimontDrv fnun tin- (liilf of Aimilyn to
Kist (,'ii|i(>. This .siiif,'iiliir liii't rt'iidiTs niicIi iiiforiiiu-
tiiMi !is w« fail pnnMiro of tim Kiiir of Ostroiiiijfii,
wlii'i'i- lli<- |ii'ii|ili' of AhIii uiitl Aiiu'riua (irat iiiut, butli
curi'XiM mill viilimli)t>,
'I'Imi iiriijiiiiil roiito of tlii' CossnokM, of wliioh wo
liavoiilrriiily s|iiik('ii, wiis folliiwi'il liy ('ii|>tniii ('oclillilio,
wliii w.isilr^imn.-i to gi't tikt'ii over I5fliriiij{'s StniitM
by thti 'rrliiiklrlii. On tins -Itli of Maivli liti loft tliii
Koliiiia.in ('iiinp my willi Mr. Matoiisliiii, a KiKsiaii mid-
sliipiiiin, iiikI II fi'W niri'rluiiits, wliosti iiiirti's (sluil^jjus)
wi'if kiilcii with tiiliaccoiiiiil iron iiloiisils. After varioiiM
iK'lay.s II ml \i|isrtM tlii'V onti'rt'd u|iou a iniiri- i-lovati-il
I'lMiutry, anil wi ro rlii'iToil with iiii't'ting ami nvi'rtiik-
iiii; a f,'riMt miiiilifr of sh'.ljji's, whjisc owners (■xliibited
the same siiiiliii;{ faivs, thi? rosult, iiodniibt, of ao saii-
j,'iiiiie hiipi'fi as thosi' of liu' great iiierclmiits of l/iridoii
nr Aiii.stcii|:iiii nil the evo or ex|ie<'tiitioii of ngreat fair.
The rii;lit liiiik of the AiiiiiiJ is formed of slato moun-
tains; the left, a va.st uninteresting flat.'
The third day the travellers reached an inhabited
ynrt, where many of the mereliaiits awaited thein, as
thev eoiild not go to the fair beforo a certain time.
The wood on the Aninij is of considerable growlli for so
northern a situation, but tlus root has seldom more
than twenty inches depth. On the f<tli of .March they
ri'ailied the forlress, standing on a romantic spot, and
piub.dply a pleas;int place in summer. There are
twenty yiirts, about L'lM) penplo, and a large wooden
building, lit for anything I'xcept defence. There are
few inhaliitants, who get a scanty subsistence by hunt-
ing. KaiiiiiHS are of freipnnt occurrence, bread not
being siippliid by the (iovernmeiit. KIk, rein-deer,
niid argali ale their chief dependence ; but these are no
loiiiTir alpiind.int, for the UiissiaiLS hunt rather to ex-
terminate than fur subsistence.
Having settled themselves in a .small Yukagir yurt,
the jiarty received a visit from one of the Tchuktchi,
an empty visagcd and wild-looking tuivage. Jle en-
tered the room, tumbled down upon a stool, smoked
his pijie, and then left the apartment, without noticing
the inmalfs. The fair commenced by installing the
chiefs with medals and swords, baptising thcni, and
receiving a nominal tribute, by which they became
subjects of Itussia. They came in stjito in iH'uutifiil
narte.s, each drawn by two rein-deer, the whole forming
a cavalcade of twenty-live or thirty pairs. The cere-
mony coninieneeil with a |ire.sent of tobacco, and then
all the Toions, or chiefs, ]irocecdcd to the ( V)nimi.s,s;iry's
abode, where the formality of jiayiug the trilmte of
a red fo.v skin w.isgone through by each of the traders.
Tlie C''imniis.saiy then endeavoured to induce the
'J'chuktchi chiefs to take M. Matoushin and Captain
♦ 'oclirane as iuterpreters with theiu acro.ss Behring's
Straits.
' Tlip (loscomliinta of the Yukiipri iiiliiibit tlie liaiiks of the two
rivi?rs, Aninij, aiid servo us a nciitr^it nut ion lietwot'n the Kussiaiis
iinil 'rcliiiktclii. 'I'lu-y were forim'ri\' a foniiidablti iinil wiirliku
pf'ipli', anil it cost tiie Uus«iiaiis uitu?li trouble to subjti^iite tlietii.
InclL'id, ill 8111 li tear win! tin y lielil. iliat the Kiiiiiri'sa Catlii'rine
tilisuliiti'Iy fiirliaile tlii'ip l;ui:;ua:rc to Ije H[)ok(Mi. Tliey are now
all lait ixtiiict, HI II pari' rare, but olio oM woiniin existliif; wlmse
parents wire Imtli Yukairiri's. The remaimler are, in fact, ile-
Eceiiilant.s of Rii.'wlans, who liiive iiiterinurrie<l with them. They
lire iiTlainly the finest race of people ill SlUriaj the iiien well-
prop TliuiiiHl, anil with ojien Biul ma: ly rouiiteiiano'8 ; the women
Rre eitruiuely bvautifuL What their ori^^m wiu it in uuw dilUeult
to say.
" After this cheering hamngno was ocmclnded,"
stiys CaptJiin (Jochrane, " oiii' of the most respectable
of the Tchuktchi ro.se and said, that he was in want
of no interpreter. His laconic reply eoiiiplctely dis-
concerted us. The next, an old and eiiiining fellow,
called Kueharga, said that boys and girls should not
be attended to in smli matters. He had not askid
for an interpreter, although a nephew of his had done
MO." They were told that " two n irtes could be of no
great conseipience to them, and that lus the Knipeior
wished it," ite. After a fresh consultation they re-
solved, that as the iMiioeior himself wished to send
the interpri.'ters to lieiiring's Straits, lie would have
no olijection to pay for their transport;' and for
this they demanded about ."i.OIHI Ib.s. weight of tobacco.
This put an end to the negotiation, especially, as oni' of
the knowing ones, observing that Captain Cochiiiiie
eoiilil not. sp'ak the Kiissian langnagi' asked of what
use he could be to them w lieii he neither nndeistood
the liiissian nor the Tihiiklch; languages. >iext day
the piirty visited the Tchuktchi camp, of three large and
threesniall teiils, in win 'li all this people were packed.
The large tents were di.sgiiNliiii;ly dirty and oIl'cnsiM',
exhibiting every species of giossiiess and indelicacy.
The smaller were, oiitlie coiilrary, very neat, clean, and
warm, although wilhoiit a lire, in thirty-live degrees of
frost, being only eight feet long, live broad, and about
three feet high, and containing three or four people
huddled togeihcrin one bed, which is made of rein-
deer skins, and the coxerings lined with white foxes'.
The small teiils are made also of the old and hud
skins doiiidi d, .so that the hair is both on the iiisiile
and out ; a large huiip with whale oil or fat, which
serves them lor a liu'bt, coniniiinicalcs al.-o eoiisider-
able waruilh. ( In eiileiing they foiiiid the chief and
bis wife perfectly naked, as w.is alsn their daughter,
a little girl of about nine years, who went out, and
by a tire close to the tent jiiepared .some rein deer
ilesh in that stale of nudity. 'i'lieir furniture con-
sists of a large kettle, knife, wooden bowl.s, jilatters,
spoons or hiilles, and an axe, with Hint and steel.
They returned to the fortress, driven by one of these
savage chiefs "in a neat narte, drawn by ii couple of
reindeer, in a pretty htyle" They use regular reins,
made of leather thongs, and a long springing cane with
an ivory nob to it, of the tooth of a sea horse. They
are kind to animals, and will not ride a horse, euii-
sidcring it unmanly, to iiicrea.se the labour of tlin
animal. They soon ascertain the ipiaiitity of tobacco
brought by the Uiissian traders to the fair, and regu-
late their dealings accordingly. Fixing a market
)irice, neither party will receile from it: the Russians
brought tobacco, kettles, knifes, spears, needles, bells,
sei.s,sors, |ii|)es, axes, spoons, coral biads, and other siwh
ornaments, a few pieces, and red and blue nankeen
and white cotton. For these the Tchuktchi brought
400 or .0(10 sea horse teeth, a few bears' skins, rein-
di'cr dre.s.ses, and white foxes, and tlie.se, with some
frozen rein-deer meat, make the vvliole )irodiiction of
their own country. l?iit now comes the connection be-
tween Asia and .America, for the other articles of jiehry
at this fair come from a nation un the American coil"
tinent, e died the Karganles, two of whom the Jiarty
saw at the f lir. They bear more nearly the feature
of the Tchuktchi than those of the ugly-mouthed in-
habitants of the islands in lieiiring's Strait.s, although
with a browner or more dirty colour. The furs brought
and sent by them cuusiat of many thuusuuds of black,
VAMCOUVEtl ISLAND.
m
hrown, liliii', r>'il, uml wliilo fnxrs, miirtciH, ami iimrtni
iiiirks, Hiiiiiii bnavcrH, riviT otti'is, Ipcuih, wolvcn, sou-
diijjs' iiikI Hc'ii liiirsi! Nkiiis; ii I'rw inticlcH of wiiriii
clcitliiii;;, iuiil wiiiii' iiriiiuiii iits I'liivcd out ol' kcii-
liiii'si! ti'L'tli, rr|)i-i'si'iitiiig till' aiiiiiials t'diiiiiion iiiiiuiig
thrill.
At HdiiK- |MiiiitM l!i'liiiiij,''M Straitt aid mily forty livo
mill's ill wiiilU, with a rliain i>l' isliiiiils, llkr so iiiiiiiy
sti'|i|iiiif; stiiiii'S, i'.\ti'iiiliiij{ tVniii shiirt^ to hIioii', tin'
lal■J^l'^t tiavi'i-SH not liriiij; iiiori! than .si'Vrli luilrs ; so
(hat the navifjation is jiraitiralilo cvin lor small canoes.
In tlin ni'iii-nil aiipraraiiri! of tlio two coasts, thcio is
a inaikcil iliircri'iii't', thu western siilo heiiin low, ll,i;,
anil sterile, while the easti'iii is well wooiliil, unil in
every res|)eet hetter aila|iteil than the other for the siis-
tenaiice lioth of mail ami lieast. Moreover, the soil
anil I'liiiiate imiirovi) ra|iiilly <>n the American shore, as
one cje-ici'iiils ; anil at Cook's Inlet potatoes may he
rai^'il with ciuso, thon^'h they hanlly ripen in any part
of K iiM-chatka, which extemls nearly ti'li (le;;rees
farllii'i' III till! soiilli. [ii aihlilion to the ailvantai^'i's of
cultivation, ileer, fish, name, ami hay, are almmlant.
Ill the ni'ii{liiionrliiii>il, in an isliml near Kmliak, there
is piciitv of gooil coal, iwi'il liotli for the hearth anil
fop'e, tlioimh it is olijectionalile for the latter iiiirpuse,
as proiliiciii^ too jji-eat a ipiaiitily of a>hi's.
Ill point of I'liniate, in jjemral, thiie is ivnrly the
Hame ilillireiieo hetweeu the western shore of America
ami the eastern shore of Asia, as theie is lietwei ii the i
western shore of Kiirope ami the eastern shore of I
America. In liotli ca.ses, the same cause exists to pro-
iliice the Millie etiirt. Ill the ti'lii|H'rate latitudes the
prevailing; winil is from the we.-t, lieiiij; a kiml of
I'oiintir current to the easterly trailes of the tropics ;
iiml with reference to this physical fact, the hewaril
coist of either coiitineut must be colder, at least in
winter. Ihini the windward one, inaHiniich na the former
receive* its atmosphere across an enormous /one of
fro/en soil, and the hitter across a eonsiili ralile hreudth
of open Water. Hut, in aililition to this common
grotiml uf superiority, ii great part of Kussiaii Ame-
rica jiiLsscsses un ailvaiilane peculiar to itself, in heinjj
sheltered from the northerly j;ali's. licckoniiifj iip-
wiirilsfrom MniintSt. Klias, oreMii from Cross t^oiiml,
the more southerly halt of the coast, coniprisiii},', of
course. Cook's Inlet already mentioned, runs pretty
nearly east and west, scieincd towards the interior,
within a very sholt ilistaiico of the sea, hy a wall of
mountains. To place in the most strikinj,' li;;ht tlio
contra.-t in |ioiiit of climate lietwein the oppo.-ile
shores of each continent, Kamsihatka and the l!riti>li
Isles may he said, with siiHicieiit aci iiiacy for this
)airpose, to he in the same latitudes, and to jucsent
the same ana, and even to oiiiipy the same position,
with n s]ieit to the proximity of water ; ami \ct while
the Hritish Isles, from their own a^iicultuial nsouiccs,
feed at least twenty live niillions of inhahitaiits, Kams-
chatka, with the help of e.xtrani'oussnpplics, cm I arcly
prevent its popuhition from starving;. " How ilillinnl,"
.says (iovenmr Simpson, "would the history of men
have been, if I'roviileiice had made these two exlre-
mitiea of thoOhl World exchaiifre climates, merely by
cinisinn the tropical trades to blow from the west,
and the counter-cuircnts of the teiiiperato Zone to blow
Iroin the east ;" or, to express the same tiling in other
words, merely by reversing the direction of the earthV
daily revolutiiui !
NVe will now, in imai,'inatiiin, cross upon these yiaiit
stepjiing stones to the other side of the I'aeilic. wlicro
we shall Iiml another Siberia, under the u'ovcrnment,
I'Ut, until within the last few yours, by no meaus under
thu care uf Uruut (iritaiu.
lire eon-
platters,
id steel.
of tlieso
couple of
lar reins,
alie w ith
'. They
l-sc, COll-
of tha
tobacco
ml ri!,'u-
inarket
Kussiaiis
s, bells,
(lersueli
naiiki'i'ii
bi'oui,dit
ns, reiu-
ith .somo
letion of
ctiou bo-
ifjiohry
can con-
10 jMirty
feature
thed in-
Ithoiigh
brought
f black,
YANCOUYER ISLAND.
Vancoi'vku Tsi..\nd, upon which the new city of
Victoria .stands, does not belong ollicially to I'.ritish
Ciilumbia, but it does so, to all intents and laiqioses,
ooliticilly and .socially This line island, 270 miles
Inii;;, with a general breadth of fiom forty to fifty
miles i liiviiiiiable climate, a diversitied .surface, with
,1 lertile soil, and mineral as well as vi';;etable riches,
added to ail avaihible .seaboard, has niiiloiibteilly a great
I'lilure in store. The position and natural advantages
if \ .incouver Island, say.s (.'olouel Coli|uhouii tJiaiit,
vnuli! appear eminently to adapt it for being the em-
porium of ail extended commerce. It contains valu-
abk' coaMields, and i.s covered with fine timber. The
•soil, where there is any, is rich and productive, the!
clim.ite good, and the singular system of inl.ind seas by
which it is environed teems with fish of every descrip-
tion. Capable of producing those very articles which
are most in demand in neighbouring countries, and
oHerin", in its numerous s:ite and commodious har-
bours, almost unrivalled facilities for importand export,
it wotJii bueiu to require but u little well-directed
exertion of energy and enterprise to make it the seat
of a llouriahing eoKmy.
The aspect from the seaward is not very iii\itiiig
Dark frowning dill's sternly repel the foaming sea. and
beyond these, wooded hills, densely covered with fir,
rise one above the other, whilst still more in the in-
terior, bare inonntains of gneiss, mica-slate, and tra]),
run, almost without intermission, like a back-boiie
down the centre of the island There i.s, however, no
want of timber and of o|ien land aiiiidst this extent of
rock and in nintain, and all authorities agree in saying
that had the I'lriti.sh tJovernment throwu the : land
open to exertions of individnal enteipn.-e, the greater
portion ot such open land would doubtlos, ere this,
iiave been suttled. There i.-i naturally a gnat dillereiice
III the capabilities of the .soil, acconling as gneis.s, uiica-
shite, clay-slate, gray marble, tniji, samUtoiies, or
limestones, the chief formations of tlio country, pre-
vail.
It is natural that the tniveller shoiili'. love to
de.sceud from this wild uud rugged interior. wliiuL ha
i,i
i!'
■'
ir I
1M
ALL ROUND TOR WORLD.
luNi'i'l II iiili'i|iiiiti'ly ri(|iliiri'(l, tn tlii> Hiiiiliii); straits
wliii'li inv iiri'.niiiimlly In In' iiicl willinii tin' sen ruiist,
anil iri niin nt'wliii'li Virlnriii is sitmitcil. This x'tllc
liiciit Wiis I'liiiinli'il liy till' lliiilsiiii's It.ty C/'iiiii|iiiiiy in
IMI.'I, wlii'ii lliry liiiiiji''! iilnMit flirty iiini iiiiiicr .Mr Kin
InyHiiii, mill in u sliort tiuu' iiiiistriii'tril a |iii'ki'ti'i|
piirliisMri', i'iiiit;iiiiiii'^' the Imililin^'s nsii.illy ii|i|irii|iri;ili'i|
liy till' ('.iiii|iiiiy til till' stiiriiiij; I'l' i; Is iiml tn tlir
111 iiiiii'Hliiti'iii iil'tlii'ir Mi'ivanls, Ah sunn as lln'V liinl
tiiii-lii'cl tlii'ir liiiiMiiii{s. tiny (•ciniiiii'ini'il liriiininn
milll'i nt, lanil iiinliT riiltivatinii tor tin' sii|i|Mirt nf tin-
I'stalilisliiiii'iit. N I iili'a was I'liliTtiiiiiril, liinvi'Vi'r, at
thi' liiiii', lii'yninl startin;; .1 I'rcsli trailiiiij p'lrt witli tin'
linliiins, sn tlin I'staMislniirnt rrinuiiinl in ntntn i/ii'i
tllitil till' yrar IS 111, wlirli tlii'wlioli" island was ^rantnl
liy (iiivcrniiii'iit to tlii' (!iiiii|iany, iiinlcr I'Hiiilitiini
tliat tlii'V sliiMilil liavi' I'stalilislii'il satisl'u'tnry si'tlli'-
nirnts uu it I'lr tliu •.iir|iiin(> ut' colonisatinn within livi'
yniirN.
St'ttliTsiii Vanivinvor's Islanil liavi' to pay nt tliunUo
ofono jionnil jinr acre, ami tint .soil |iroiliii'c.s cyitIIi'IiI
oro|isor whrat, harlcy, oats, |n',is, Iiimiis, turni|is (Swcili's
('s|ii'(ially ilo will), a III I |iotatiir.s. [1 all aralih' port ions
(if tin' islainl tin' lainl is fivoiiralilt lo tin; proiluction
of jjrct'u irops .f I'viTv ilt'si'ri|ition ; vi'i^utables also
grow particularly Well, ami I'si'iilunt roota of all sorts
attain n ^jri'at sizi'. Thinliinato, as usual on tin? coast
of till' I'a.ilir, ililfcrs niucli from that of tins interior of
I!riti'<li ( 'oliiniliia. It is iliviili'd into two moilsoih oI
iliy ami rainy, m'tinriUy raining; ami snowing from
(). tiilii'r to Manli, whilst, ilnriii;,' tlin rest of tlu' year a
panliin^' Inat prrv.iils, whii'li ilrit's up all tlio siiiill
Ktri'aiiis, Iti'iisi fiys jirrvail at tlio (•oinnii'iici'iiii'iit
of aiitMiiin, Tlic usual ran^i" of tin' llnrinomi'tor is,
howi'Vi'r, iliirinij tin' hot iiioiillis, oiilv from tlO to SO
tici;., anil ( 'oIoiu'I ( Irant says. " ( !ii,i'rally spc akinx, tin-
cliiiiatc is liotli ai,'ri"i'al)lr ami Imaltliy, .iml not a single
tU'atli, til it I am aw;iri' of, lia.4 occurri'il amoiii; ailults
fr nil ilisrase iliirim; tin- .si.K years that I have bt-tMi
at'ipiaintnl with the Islainl."
Al'trr Vii'toria, the next settlement of im|)nrtance
in N'.iiiioiivir l.slainl is Nanaiino, where eoal or
lignite was first (liseovereil in l.^."iO. It is now suo-
eessfiilly worked on the I'eninsula, nt Commereial
Inlet, and on Newcastle Island. It is the opinion of
tlie head miner, .says (,'oloiiel (Irant, that cod ni ly lie
found iinywliere within n circuiiiferenee of two miles
from Xanaimo, at a distance .f fifty feet lielow the
surface. Alt<ii,'e',ln'r, there ar fe'.v places to lie met
wiili where coal can lie worked ,ui easily, and iXportcd
as conveniently, as from Naiiaiiiio. Tlie Indians are
happily eiiijiloyed at tlic.;i lucrative works. Nanaiino
was, tiefore the fjold discoveries, a llourisliing little
settlement with almnt 1:.'.^ inhaliitant.s, and a scin ol
|iresiiled ovi-r liy .Mr. n.iillie. '"he deinand for coal,
.since these rival companies have navigated the <!iilf of
(ieorgi.i ami Krazer's I liver, must have ipiite altered
the state of things. There in good .inchorige all over
the harlioiir, which is commodiinis, and sheltered from
all winds; it is also an cvcelleiit place to lay up and
repair ves.^ils, the liottom lieing generally a soft mini.
The liai'lioiir anil I'oal mines of Nanaiino are also, it is
to lie oliserveil, adniiralily situated, lieini^ nearly oppo-
.site to the entrain t Krazer's liiver on the mainland.
Deer must alioiind in the neighliourliood, for the
natives liring sometimes as many as sixty in a day to
market.
The diseoverv of coal or lignite ut the uorth-eust
1 corner of the island near neaver Harbour, enusod tlio
'settlement there of h'ort Itiijiert in iSI'J; Init Iho
I produce of coal has been rouiid to be interrupted by
trap rocks, and the speciiLitioli ll.ts not iinsweieij.
There are, as vd, few other settleineiitH on the island;
j the places most favonralile for such are to be met with
only on the east and .smith coasl ; the west eoast has :i
genemlly I'Xposed, uiil'avoili.ible iis|H'ct, The Indian
population is staled at 17,111)11; they are, in general,
tavoiirably disposed lowanls the whites, ami lire capa
ble of being made very iisil'iil in hunting, fishing, uinl
(^ven agriciillur.il and niiiiiiig employmeiit.s.
Ill the iii'ighliourh I lit \'ictiiria there iiro alto-
getlier about .seven .m||| ire miles of open land, on which
the gnat iiiajority of .settlers arc located ; iiinl, liesidcs
the open land, there may be about ten sipiart miles
of availalile woodland. Vicloija itself is situated on n
small but well sheltered h.irboiir, but the entrance it
I intricate, iind the liirboiir is mit suitable for liirgi! vis
I sels. About six miles westHiird of V'ictoriii lies the
j t'nture harbour of the nntropolis, eallcd Ksipiimalt, a
sale and coniimiilious h iriuiiii' for vessels of all sizes,
I and combining the advantage of suflieieiit shelter with
I that of an open eiiliiiice, into which a liiieof buttle
slii|> might beat without dilliciilty. Jlr. Cornwallis
describes I'lsipiiiiialt ilarlioiir as pietiii'esi|nely rock-
bound, very minli risenibling Acipiilco llarbonr, .save
in its superior size, and having six to eight fatlioms of
vv. Iter to the shore. A Ithoiigli distant three miles by
water and two by land fVoiii Victoria, it ought, he
adds, decidedly to be inclinled in that town, the in-
feriority of whose liarlioiir in point of size, lis well a^
the extent of bar iiml sli.illow waters, will prevent its
ever ranking as the port jirojier of the future metro
polls of N'alicouver Island.
At the time when ('oloml Colipilioun (ifiint was nt
Victoria, the popiililion amoiiiited to only 'MH) souls,
and that of the whole island at lot) souls. The gio.-s
ipiantity of land applied for bad been lO.SOi" acres
and It) pen lies, of which Id, 17'J acres had been claimed
by the llmlsoii's IJay ('oiiipaiiy, -.'i74 acres by the
I'uge* Sound ('oiiipiny, and the reiniiindcr bv private
individuals. Only I'lUO inres '.ver; occn|iieii by indi-
vidual settlers, sixteen in iniiiibi r ; 1)73 ncrji) were
claimed by absentees, and uiioccnpied.
What a change had cone ov<'r the scene in 1S.")7
when visited by Mr. ('oriiwallis ' The harbour was
crowded with gracefully peaked eaiioes and boats of
all slia|H's and siz'.s, and Italian fisliermen from San
Krancisco were .nliiig as bontnicn. X'ictorin it.sell
Won n '' liiitlily lloiiiishng and pleasinj' iippearaiKe,"
th most noticeable feature in the sho|i and trading
line being the scarcity of anything like hotels: there
were five places, however, where liipmr was .sold, the
pni|iriitoi of e.nli liavin;; to pay the Ilnilson's Hay
t^'oinpanv a lici use-fee nf no less than i.'lL'0 per unnnn:
for the privileg". ( Jreen .laniaica looking lanes fan out
of the towM, like channels thioiigh a continent of cul-
tivation, acre:, of potatoeiv wheat, maize, barley, and
geiitlv wa-ing rye, were succes.sively preneiiti d to the
admiring view. The fertility of the soil was cvery-
wliere apparent. Limestone built villas here and tiler*
decked the suburbs, and cott.ige.s, festooned with ft
rofiision of bli>.<soniini; creipers, tlinked the road k
little to the westwani of (iovi'rnment House, which
from its elevated po-ition. seemed to hold precedence
over ifU the les-ser architecture around.
" The sun with its guldeu riuliauce," sayo Mr. Com
VANCOUVEB ISLAND.
82T
Witllifl, " wn« slinMiiij; (Tiinils of lijflit over llir viiiirtl
lllllllMUIIpr, IH^till){ till' hIiikIiiW III' (III' lni|i:lll nil till'
tiliii'iil wiitrriit'ii liipHin, wliii li wniiinl like ii river in
n nciitly»li<'lviii;{ viilli'V licyiiirl, iiml >,'iviiii,' a glnw of
lit.- Hint iiiiiiiiahiiii til till.! Iii'iiiliii;; nun I'h IiIh iiini tlir
I'liriaii lialiitatiiiiiH uf nun. 'I'lic l.iiils wirr juvl'iilly
ciiiiilliii),' away in Hwrrt. anil linpr inspinn^ iiiiisiin ; tlir
Iii'I'iIh at paslni'i' lnivril plaintivily, iiml the Mraliii^' ul'
hIii'i'P anil l.ilnlikin liinke ainlilily In liti' iw lie piissed
liy natiiial linlj^es nl' wilil mse anil lilaeklierry-lmslies,
Iiml tielils iiiliiniliint ul'^^rass ami liliiver, wlniMe nriiiiiii
was liiirne mi tlie liree/.e liiraway In tlie uplaiiilM, wliero
the wilil man .nlill Imliln .sway, iiml civiliiialion hath
waree nr nev«'r tfiiilileli."
So niiirli I'lir Vietiiria a.s j,'ilileil ami tinteil up liy
iniires.sfiil hpeeiilaliiili! Anil then, as to IiiihK The
neraiiilile liir lots wa.s Ireineniluus; lOK iliiilars wius the
price lixeil |Mr lot, hut the crnwil of purehasers wa.s .so
great that there was iio netting to tlio nlliee. '• I hail
never lieeii ill siieli II erowil," says Mr. ('Drnwallis,
"Hinco tiie year IH.'i.'i, when I waileil my turn tor
letters in I'miit, of the San Kranei.Mo post ollii't', after
the arrival of the Unileil States mail." Ami liuky,
iliilet'il, were the pnrehiusers, for their lots were snhse-
queiitly, in iimst ca.se.s, pa.i.seil from haiiil to haml, at an
advanecil |iriee of tlimisanils of ilollars. Jinl^je of tho
ea.se of a man thai was seen in a liipmr store at Vietoria:
" Yees, sir," .s;iiil hi-, "six thoiisanil nine Iniiiilreil anil
fifty .lollai-s I eahiilate to lie the prolit ot tiiat ar lifty-
ilollai lot." This he hail invesleil in laml when he
Hrri\eil from San Kiiineisco two niniiths previously,
when the lixeil |iriee was a hiimlreil per eent. lower
than at |ireseiit, iinil «hieli lot he hail miIiI nn that very
(lay for ",(l(i() ilnll.irs. Mr. (Jmiiwallis was little less
Imky himself. He sileeeeileil in olit.iiniii;^ six lots,
siii'h heiii^ tlie ininiiier limiteil to eaeli iiiiliviihial, ami
lie .SI, III tlie first three lots, one fur ."i,,S(IO ilollars, the
other two fur 8,0(10 ilollars, to a speiiilator, who put
tliein into the market at 7.000 ilollars a lot imiiieiliately
afterwanls. The other three not lirinj,' yet lucatud, ho !
reserved for his return. |
At this time there was a larj»o store and wharf at
Esipiinialt, and a lirid^e, ereeled liy the lliidson's H ly
Company at a oo.st ol .ill, 000, spaiiiied the lieiutiliil
pranite liasin of Victoria I larhoiir iViiin tlie town side
to the opposite or north side, leading; to a trunk road
in the interior, wliieli passes liy tiie Coinpiny's ex-
tensive farm (tlie Ksipiinialt), the settlement at llerliert
Head, at Ali'lehoseii, and at Sooke, all thrivim; ai,'ii-
eiiiliiral di>triet.s. ISesides the linndreil and lil'ly hoii.ses
ami stores wliieh sprnn;; up in Vietoria, in l)^.')" and
1^^)N— almost every hoii>e orsiianty in the town proper
heiii), a restiinraiit or enllee-staml — numerous tents
were scattered aliout the outskirts, .sume eliokinj; up
the ravines with their numlier, others spreadiiiji out on
the liroail open plain that snrronnds the town, whilst
t'lirther olf their fleecy summits were to he seen alon;{
the shores of the bay. Still firther from tho dust and
clamour, here and there an isolate I house was to '.lo
seen av^•ay in the woikI.s, tenanted liy soiiie individual
oiianiiinred of a liiilji;e in the wilderne.s.s. " Such." .savs
Mr. Cornwalli.s, "are the sulnirlis of Victoria in 18.").S.
Who or what will lie their occupaiils in 18.")!) iniaijina
tion iiiav picture, but how truthfullv time alono can
tell."
Tlu^ open juiiirie ground of Vancouver Island, as
well aa the ])atclie8 of .soil which are met with in the
clufts of the hills, are principally covered with the
c.ima^h, a small esculent root, nlioiit tho size of an
onion, willi a li;,'lil blue flower— the CciH/iKi/Ka i«it//<t)<n
of liotiiiiisl.s. The eaiiiMsh I'lmslitutes a favourite
ii'tiele of fund with the Indiaii.s, luid liny lay up larj,'f)
ipiantities of it fur winter consiimpti, 111, Imiyiiij^ it in
pits in the Kiiiie way as tiny keep potatoes. Tlie
(•'iiiill/ieria hIiiiIIiiii, callid by the ( iimidiiiiis siiliil, is,
next In the iiimash, the must eomiiinii plant in Aiiii-
cniiver's Island ; it is a Hiiiidl hlnnb, biaiinj; a
dark blue berry, a little liugir thiin the ciiinbeny.
The berry is very sweet and wlnliMine, iiiid the
s,iva;;es are very fund of it. The AihiihiH uta vim
aliniimis on the Inw hills, nnd is the liiM.uiile loi d
nf be.irs. The natives siiinke the diy leinen. 'J'lio
Kijiii.li linn liijiiiiii/f loniis (Xiellint find ler i utile in
wiiilir. They are very fond of it. M«i|.t liuiis j;( i e-
rally cnltiviitcd in (iieat Itiitain idiaiinl, I olh in the
liiwlunds and hillsides, vhenvir tiny can find .m.iI to
support them. Ami'ii;; ihese nuiy le iiMiiiiiind ns
ijrowin;,' wild llio htiawliiiy, blia k mrniiit. fionMl i ri),
and ra.'pbeny, a nn.'ll xaiiety nt Oiib u) ) le, i nil the
choke, a small, bliiek, \vild clntiy. 'J he |.ijtato is
almost univer.-ally cnlliMilid by nil llie lialiveson the
south of Viincouver Jslund, as well as on the ojuKjKitn
mainland.
The Indian tribes in nnd nbeiit the rrfjiins under
eonsideratiiiti lire Eome lltl in nun ber, with n po]iii-
latioli of 7;i,;!I»4. Of ihiM' ll e KiiMtte, lilid tweiity-
.seveii Ciller tribes, (.tiiially ^JlllkiIfr the (juiKi.tt
laii<{uaf;i', ulone number •|0,Mi.'i. 'i he tiil es ol Ihiti.'-h
(.'nluniliia nre, liowi vt r fi r llii n e>t ] iiit, unknown ns
is also the cum: iniliid with the Ciiilt of (icoigia
Indians 1'lie leadin;,' tide in ]'riti>h Coliilnbia ifi
.said to 1m' the Takellie.-. <i I'linillit!-, n mine in. polling
"carriers," and who i n i l j.' lit lux hts nre divided into
eight tribes of various ixtint. 'lie i(>tilt ot ciireltil
iiliservation of their ili meter dms not exnitlv snb-
stanliato .Mr. Cirnwalbs's ibnjMiliis nnnit Hborifiinnl
inunceme iinii piuily Mr M'lum tdln us lb .
.sensuality and jjlntti ny Me i.n.i li^; llieii chi.incteristic
vices, as they nie i ii i if; nil ]ti)le wlio know no
restr lints save those ii lliitid by vnnt er in<iipiibilily.
The wiimeii are mill to f;i\e tin it ii s lo the inilulgi nee
111 their passions from nn tally nj;e. tii ii.bliijf.' is
another vice to which iIum' iinr Indinns njjily tlieir
untutored minds in uiuiimiiUs tniilntiun nf their
betters Many of the tiilts me ihitvisli and lyii ff.
They are also very diiiy It is tbfltult, hf-Aivir, to
know v\heii tmr uiilhnntii s, h]tiikiiig of iniliniis,
de.scribo the results t>l nnl uial lit | lavity orof d-]ii«vily
ari^in;; frotii nssociation w ith m t iai dtnitjidifntii ii. It is
just pnssilile that tlie..>e J h\>ii i liy fiin inies of pi ojile,
however )iroiie to war i nil | ini ilti, n:ay not be kwil
or thievish nmong tlieniKhes. Km n the wi men tle-
iiiiiinced may be the Laises and Tlini.-is of the Hudson
Hay employes.
The hiiiKUaf;e of the natives njijHiirs to be mainly
ilialeets of the f'liip|ie«.iyan, which is m hirjjely ex-
tended over North America. T In y nre mid to he ex-
eeedin^lly partial to niusie, iintl evt n skilful, having
great variety and inelndy in the nirs wliih they sing.
They are fiiiid of f'asls and danns — after their own
fashion — and they also indulge in dramatic ripiCfenta-
tions of a wild character.
.Mo.st of the tribes are unfortunately at feud with
one another in the interior. Thus, fur exainjile, the
Talkotins on the U|i|ier Frazer hold the (I iliotins in
deadly hatred. Nearly all the men ate bix feet ujid
1! (i';|
':j
. ^ 41
nili
i
1 1
;i '
i I
1] : !
fl :
;it :
)l ft
r
iHlii
[ I
.! J
If 1
H28
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
ii|i\viiiils in liciiilit. nml nrr> wrll mudc in ]iroi)ortii)n. I rata, niiirmnts, ami wood rats aro fliiind ovcrv-
Dr. Scoiilcr, a smmil nlisfivi-r, savs, tlmt tlic Indians of, wluTi', tlir latter l>_v lar too nnuli so. liolli land and
liiitisli Coluniliia and of tlio coasts, lirinj^ arcnstonicd | soa otters are nn-t willi ; the fur of llio latter is very
to sedentary and eontinuoiis lalionrs, jiresi nt great I soft and delieate, and is tlie most valnaldo of any
a|itllnile for |iassin<; into an a^rienltnral state. All ! olitaineil on tlu^ coast. liaMiils also alionnd. 'J'liern
I lie nalivi's of tlu' north-west coast are, indi'ed, alri'aily i are plenty of <loi;s. 'i'hey are of a diniinulixc size, anil
sUilfid ami ent<M|iii>iiii,' tradeix As yet. their nnni i stroni;ly ri'senilde those of tin' l'"si|niinanx, with cnrled-
np tail, simdl ears, and |ioinled no.se. A conpN' of
these trai'tahle animals will draw ii KJedi;)^ with a load
of l'.">() |ionmls, liesides pro\isions for theni.selvi's .ind
their driver, twenty miles m live houix Of liiid.s,
there are tia; Imstard ; the Tiinio oliKi-iiriig, rather
larj;( r than the Seoltish jjronsi" ; the 'J'rtnin /iic/iartl-
iiii)ii.t, amilher spi'iiesof f,'rouse ; and the <li'nin-|iartridi;e.
Then^ are, 8trani,'e to .say, \\'\v sin:;iiig-lpirds on the
west eoa.st of Anu'rici. There are ,'agle.s, haw,
vnltnrcs, crow.s, magpies, thrnshes, woodpeekei.s, hnll-
linehes, and humming hirds, hnt few songsters of the
woods or lields. As to aipiatie liirds, pelicans, swans,
gi'ese, (lacks of varions kinds, teal, glelies, and others,
they completely cover the lakes and ijd.ujd .salt water
lochs in winter, lint they leave the country in sununer.
Theio is a large species of craia', plenty of plov er, lint
is a large purl ion of tew snipe. Fi.sli, we have .seen, are most plcntifnl in
the sea-rivei-s and lakes. Slingcon of from LTiO lli.
weight to (i(l() 111. weight are taught in the laltei-.
There are four kinds ol salmon that ascend the rivers
in immense slmals, )iriieeed towards the sources, and,
having deposited their spawn, their de;id liodies are
i .seen tlo.it ing down the current in thousands. The
other fish of the lakes aTid livei-s are trout, carp, and
j white llsh. The .salmon is called liy M'l.ean "the New
Caledonian stall' of life." The natives have v<ry inge
nious modes of ]ireparing it, Imt as they do not care
I'nr ihiir lish or viands being jairc, they are not always
palal;dilo to Kuropeans.
In.seets alionnd, and among the most annoying are
the mosipiitoe.s, the lilm-k |lv. and thegiiit. whiili :in>
-aid to rclii've each oilnr iigiilarly in llir h.hL i.f
liirtnri'. and to espcei:illy alHiund alter lain ni i IhiimIii-
sliiiwcrs. The number will jirubaMy iliniini--li .i^ ilie
land becomes cultivated, and .sinnc people du mil loni-
plain of them. Mr. Cornwallis s.iys : — " It was not lajf
su bad as by an Knglish roadside, where the gnats
sting and whirl round, biting ]ioison into every p.is.s<a-
liy — the peslilenco of diti he.s." ISnt then he was •' n--
alising" his titty to one hundred dollars a day in dust
anil nuggets !
Kirs, of wliich thcri' are se\er.d species, and eedai'S
attain a gigantic growth. One lir nailics a height
of l'."i(l ft I t, with a eiivunifereiiee i it forty two feet at
the bi.it. There are two kintis tif oak — stnntctl-
liioking among the etHiifera' on the coast, but tif liner
growth in the interior. The while maple grows in
all the low wooillantls. A large species tif arbutus
U'l'ows on the lianks of rivers to a height nf thirty and
forty teet, with haitl white wtioil.
Aiming the more important and interesting iiativo
vegt table prodnctinns are the hemp plant, iheproiluee
of whiih has bet n fmind to be su|ieritir to lln' Itussian,
ami the prii kly )icar, ilried by the nalivt's in Ihesiin,
and baked into exciUent cakes. There .iii, m--- wf have
before seen, some ticlicious varieties nf bliieberiie.s,
service berries, choke berries, gooseberries, st imw berries
and wlioilleberries. A root callnl 'IV.a-chin imparts
an agi able zest tti Kilmon, ami etlbetualy tiestroys
the tjisagrccalilo smell of that fish when smtike-tlrietl.
It in uiiiiect'ssary to repeat tliat all the fruit-tree^
lieir nuni
bers are said to ilinilnish when in contact with the
lire-wa.er, inipniicd disea.ses, and tither vices t)f the
whites; butaeonli y result may be conlideutly an-
licipatetl when the\ are thrown in contact with the
virtues of the white man. Most of tlm north-western
.Vnierican tribes are ])hysieally antl mentally tpiite
eipial, if not superior, to the Cauatlian Imiian, the 1,'he-
rnkee.s, I'lioctas, anil other races rcdeemetlby tlio Aine-
rican.s, and the New Zeal.imlers ; yet, what can bo
more gratitying taan the results which theiiitrotlnctiou
iif order, of civilisation, antl t'hristiaiiity have etroeletl
.iiiiiinj' those once savage races.
It is only within our own times that Government
and the publio arc beciuning aware of the va.st eapabi-
lilics t)f liritish Cnluinbia. (icographers have long
p'lndcrcd till the fatt, aiitl have atteinpletl t<) give to it
pablicity, but in vain. "Then
the surface of the earth," said .Mr. ( Jlatistone, mi Mr
Ittieliiick's moliiiii respct'tiiig the Jrudson's ItayCom-
piny — "there is a large porlinn of the earth with
regard to the character of wliieli wf have been systema-
tically kept in darkness, for tlmse who hail inform.itiiiii
til Ljive have .ilsn had an interest tlircetly oppo.seil to
till ir imparting it."
\Vilh a splendid climate, far milder than in eorre-
spi'iiiling l.ililiiiles in Hnriipe, besides the inlinilesiipply
nf fiir bearing animals nf the most valuable Ui.ids -
besider the iminenso variety of tish with w liicli all the
waters, be they fresh or siilt, abound- — bcsith's the
biinndless supply of deer, game, and wiiter-fti«l
bc^ide.i the inexliaiistible yieM nf linilicr — this reiiinn
possesses ill lis minerals and me- l.ir greater riehe
than its fiir~, nr its lisheries, ni- ii^ fnresl^ can ever be
made to yield. Adtl to all this, il pnssesses a great
.lurieultural ami coininereial fnlure, bntli alike enhanced
by the probability of the Valley of the Frazer be
iMiiiiiig "ue day one of the highways of the world.
It would iiideeil be impossible at the |iresent day to
single out any virgin It rritory w huh combines .so m.iiiv
large and prolitabli' openings to industry, uiithr the
siiiie advaiil igeoiis cireiiinstances of a gnotl climate
and n.iliii '1 supplies t'roni the animal and M'gelable
kiii,'diiins.
Ill the .ininitl kingdoin wf have first the Crrnis
ii!r,i, nr niniise tleer of the Canadians ; ('. tciritmi.i, nr
reindeer, but rare; ''. tli/i/iuji, or comm m -tag, the
elk nf the Canadians; ('. ('mia/fii.ii.i, or reil <\rry ; ('
/•■iiciirii-i or large white tailed ilecr; tlie jnmpiiiL; deer
(i7icc;i'i///). .s.iiti to be plentilnl near Fort AleXMinlri.i :
a sill iller spet ies of blaek-t tile I deer, antl tit her kimb.
lii:; Imrii sheep are very nuiiierniis in the inounlain^.
and are as good eating as the doinestic sheep. There
are sever.il \arieties of be.irs, grizzled, black, brown,
and cIliitMlale, but reducible prnbiblv to two species,
the 111 K-k ,iiid brown. Illack and white wolves inlesi
llie iliiek woods; as also a small species of panther, .and
the lynx, but none of these are very numerous. Aniniig
the fur beai ini; animals are the beaver antl martens,
which are likely to continue nnineroiis for many years
t line. IIS they lliid a safe retreat aiiiong the fastnesses
uf the Iincky Mounlain.s, Minxes, sipiirrels, iiiusk-
r
VANCOUVER ISLAND.
S29
;U[ll .•(•lllll'S
■s ;i lii'i.ylit
two llM't lit
k — stiintfil-
hllt 111' tilllT
1' j;r()\vs in
(if illl>lllllM
if tliiity ami
tint; iiiitivo
tlic |iiinliu'e
I, Itiissiaii,
ill llicMin,
, jj wi' liiivo
l.lii, licnics,
^^l^l« liiTvii-a
ill iiii|wii'ts
,ly .l.sttiiys
uiKikt'-tliioil.
IVuitlrccn
((rainfi, vrgotnhlt'a mid jjraaBns thftt Buccood in Groat
Britain tlcmrisli in Hritish (^oliiniliiaanil yii-lii almndant
cro|(S. As it, IS, tlii> quantity iit'i)|irn liiml in VanctmviT
IhLukI and on tlu! coast liciirs a siiiull |iro]iortion totlif
woodland, imt tliia is not tlif casi' in tlm upper valley
of the Frazer and Tlioinpson's Kivers and sonitt of the
liiki' ilistricts, where lionndless jirairiea are met with,
and I'xcelh'nt crops and larije stocks of cattle are already
lieiiij; raised hy the missionaries. The woodland is,
however, riclier when dearcMl than tlu" pniirie f;roiind,
and this applies a ran? tiling in other countries — even
to tin; soil (jf the lir and piiio forests.
As tu thu prospects of tlic country, that which a|i-
plies to Vnnpouvcr Island ap])lio3 cfinally to theniain
land, iin<l in some respects more forcilily. Hence it is
that should it turn out th.tt the <:old tield in the
mainland of the Ihitish tiTritory is rich and extensive,
xs there is every reason to lielieve, tin; island will lin-
coTno a prolitahle lield for all trailes, industries, and
laliour. The ]iopulation will soon iiicrea.se from
Canada — whence an immigration of many thousiimis is
already spoken of— from Australia, South America, the
.Atlantic States, and, no douht, from Kiiinpo also. If
this liap|>ens, the tradesman and the lalioiin'r will find
employment, and the farmer will tind a ready market,
at good prices, for his produce.
Shoul.l tlic Hold s.idd.iily disappear, the island v'll I
have liciieliied h\ the iliipllisc ju-l i,'iveii to iiniiii,i,'n |
tioii, for no iloiilil many who went to mine will ri'iiiain ,
to ciiltivaie the soil ami to eni,'a','e in other piii-snils. j
If this he the terniinati f thi> picscii' fever, thci ,o
the farmer who is salistied with a competency, full 1
gainers and a f,'oiid lardcT, who loves relirement, is not ;
uiihitiou-i of wealth, is fond of a mild, aL,'reeahh\ and
h.'althy clim.ite, and a most lovely country to \i\\: in,
the island otli is every attraction.
There is another point of view in whiili Ihitish
Columhia presents a very promisini; openins, and that
is as a naval andinaiilime statiim The haihoins at
yiieen l,'harlolte"s Island, VaiK'ouvcr Island, and the
entrance of l''ra.ser Hiver, are ]ieculiarly inlaptcd for
tlie fitting out of whalers, being in the neighbourhood
of very valuable (ishiiit; waters, and the country iu
their vicinitv :;.rordiiii; cvi'iythini; that ir r ipiircd for
the const lucli. ,i of vi'ssels — such as e.\cclli>nt timber,
11)11 anil I'oppcr, coal for foru'e.s, wati'r power for driving
siiw mills, and even hemp ijrow ini; wild in the interior,
for til, maniifactiii' of sails and cordai^e Thus the
whale tisl'cry alone, by crcatini; a dciiiami for many
articles into which tlu'si' products could hr mainifaciercil,
miuht be made to i;ive employment to nui.'beis of
[M'tsons of various trades and lallins;
Bat there is aiiothor and .'till more important eon-
■idoratien, happily heemning f;eiieraily felt and ad-
mitted, which is, that in the unsettled and evcr-vary
iug condition of the decrepit Moslem Empire, the over-
I growing power of Russia in Asia, and the iiidillerciioe
' of the tiritiBh governuieut to the means of couutcr*
I
330
ALL BOUND THE WORLD.
^i ii(h
bnlancing that power by atrengtlieniiiK its position
ill tlio valleys of tho Eiipliriites ami Tifjris rivers, tiiat
our trado in tlie Pacific Ooeaii witli China, Japan,
India, and Australia, may ultimately be com|K!lled to
pass through our North Auierieau possessions. Thei-e
arc not wanting those — and we rank ourselves among
that sanguine class of enthusiasts— who see in the
accomplishment of tlie ILilifax and Quebec Itailway a
lii-st step in the establishment of a great iiiter-oceiinic
line of cominuuieation, partly by water uud partly by
r.iil, if not ultimately entirely by rail.
The distance between London and Pokin would be
reduced by such a line to st)ine 10,000 miles, and the
journey to thirty days. It would les.sen tho distance
from I.iverpool to Vancouver Island to 5,6.50 miles,
the distance between Liverpool and Panama .alone
being 4,100 miles. The harlmurof Halifax is the only
one .sjifc port wc have on the Atlantic coast of British
North .\meriea, accessible at all seasons of the year, the
rest being clo.sed by ice for six months, whilst wo have
in the Pacitic, in the harbour of Esquimalt, one of the
finest ports iu the world. It is 8,200 miles from
Panama to Sy<Iney, and 7,200 miles from Vancouver
Island to the siime placid, so tlittt Austrahusia is a.s much
concerned in the adoption of this line an arc Japan,
China, or India.
No matter what line is ultimately adopted for such
transit, whether My the Vermilion Pass, into the valley
of Columbia, or the Kicking-hoi-so Pass into the valley
of the Kiitanie, or by a more northerly pa.ss into the
valley of Frascr Kiver, still the advantages which
would accrue to Great Britain, consequent upon tho
entire service being ;>erformed through British territory,
are beyonil all calculation. Tlie establishment of such
a line of communication would not merely o|K'n up to
civilisation a large territory in Briti.sh North America
hitherto almost unexplored, but it would open up to
tho cultivatora of the .soil (in Minnesota and on the
Red River, for example, the isolation of which appears
to have been hitherto tlic only bar to progress and ex-
tension), as also iu Canaila, a means of transit to all
the markets of the Pacilio, am' an oikh passage to tho
China Seas and to our pos.se.ssions iu the £a8t Indies,
Australia and New Zealand.^
FROM THE ATLAOTIO TO THE PACIFIC.
m
I I
lililt I
I— THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
Towards the girdling of the earth by a junction
between the Atlantic and the Pacific, there are two
stations, two great colonies, already formed upon a
line having its basis on British territory — tlie.se ai-e
British Columbia and the Red River. Tliere is further
a great belt of t'ertile country which extends from the
Lake of the Wnods to the Rocky Mountains, and
which is watered almost through its whole extent bv
' buikily wc Imvo n giivomiiieiit wliicli at once iindcratanilii
and :i|)|irrriu;us tliu wliolu iH'iinii^ of lliu<|Ui'stion. "In gluiicin^ 1
over the vast rc^jiiina (ii'vott'd to tlie fur trade," Riiid Sir IJulwer
Lyttoii, "wliifli are said to he uslar^cns Kurojic, tiie first thoii;j:lit
of every Kii^rlislniKiii iiuist tie that of liuiiiiliation and amaze. Is ,
it {lossiltle that so ^reat it 8e<;inent of the earth under tlie Kiii^hsti
sei'ptre lias so loii^ iH'eii iihandoned as a desolate hunting-ground
for waiiderin;: .s;iva;re8 and wild aninmls— turning our eves fniiii i
a trade vvhieli, unlike nil other eoinnieree, rest^ on its jirotits. not
on the redeniptinn, hut on the niaintenanee of tlie \\i derness ?
It nmst cheiT us to see already, in the great b^irder-Iaials of this
hitlirrt'i inliitspita'le re;;ion, the opening prospects of eivili-»i'd lite.
Alreadv, on the I'acitie, Vanenuver Island has Ikvu added to the
siieial onnniuiiities ot mankind. .Vlre.nly, on the large territ^iry j
Hist III' tlie lioeky ^Innntains, fri'ui the .\niiTiean froitier up to 1
the Unssian iloinininns, we ars laying the touii lations of what may |
heeoMie hereafter a niagiiitieeiit ahode for the human race. And ;
now, eastward of till- K<ieky Mountains, we are invited to se« in I
the settlement of the Hed Uiver the nueleus of a new* colony, a I
rampart ag^iinst any hostile inroads from the Ameiiean fiontier, i
aial an essi'iitial om', a-' ■• -xere, to that great viatliiet hy which we 1
hope laie day to eoinieet the haihiairs of Vancouver with the Gulf
of .St. I.awrenee."
In every tispect wlietlier viewed politically, socially, or cont -
inereially, the enlnnisalion of Ilritish Coluinl>ia,aiid tlieo|iening up
of eon.nninie-.itioM h,.;-.v,,„ that great westiily continent, with its
giant iskoids, its nolile harh.rurs, and its produeliv.' lands, lakes,
ttiul rivi rs, witli central .North Uritish America, must uiidouhte<lly
give a progres.'iive impulse to the alfairs of tho world, which, in
its results, w aihl eclipse anything which has heen witncsscl even
amid the (Atrainliiiary development of the pri'sent century.
In ooniieellon wit'i Vancouver Island and the insiiihitui ol Hriti-sh
Columbi» we may he peruiittcd to make uieutiuu uf what liiu Iweu
the Upper Saskatchewan River, and destined to feed a
third colony. The jiroblein hiusbeen how best to accom-
pli.sh a junction of commmiication between the.secolonies
with the Atlantic on the one liaiid and the Pacific on
the other, all within British territory. To effect this, it
wiLs first necessary to find a pass through the Rocky
MoiintaiiiS ; secondly, a roadway likely to pay its own
expenses from the Rcil River ; and thir.Uy, a land or
water-way iu connectiou with Lake Superior.^
callwl the San .luin Dffl'iilty. .Veeoiding to the terms of the
Oregon treaty the line of deinareation hetween Itritish territory
anil that of the United .States was detenniniHl to be south of
Frazer Kiver, and froai that inidway down the channel of San
.luiu lie Kiica. If, as ha< Ikvii olVercd on the part ol tlie Kritish
(toveriiment, the arhitraliou of all independent |vw\er was sought
in the niatt^T, such jhtsou or |>ersons could not hesitate for a
inomenl in detditring midway down the channel to ini'iin midway
iK'tM'een the archipelago of San .luaii and the inninland. 'I'lic
channel which Si'panites San Juan from the mainland is
narrow, oh.tructed, an<l harelv iiavigahle. It was never
known as the channel of San ,Iiian dc Kuea If. wlien mid-
way down the channel was said it was meant inidv\ay down the
land, even then such a line would cut the San tliiiin Islands in
half, and not confer the wlmlo of them on the I'nitid .States. Hut
no inde|HMident person conhl hesitate for a nioment where to
draw a line down the middle of the Cliannel de Fiica Aiitl it is to
lie hojiedthat the rniteil .states (iovernnunt will yield so far to
reason and to those principles of justice which should always
actuate nations, were it even only for the example which is thereby
given to the ptMplc, as to pass over the (lueslion to the arbitration
of a third party.
''l..e Hudson's Hay Company was iiKtorimraled in the year
l(i70, under a royal charier "f Charles the .Second, which
grantcil them certain terrilorie North America, tcgilher with
eieliisive privileges of trade, a:, other rights iind ailvantages.
During the first twenty years of their existence the |ir ■li's of the
('onipany were so great that, notH'ithstamhng eie siileialle losses
Hiistaimtd hy the capture of some of their islahliHlimeiils by the
Kreiieh, amounting in value to CI |H,01 (, they were eiiahlud to
make a payment to the propriilnr-. in lliHK ol ti|>y |Hrcent., ttni)
a fur hiT payment, in IfiSlI, of tHcnty-live per vent.
Iu lUUU. the stock wu IrebleU without any call Iwlng niada
)m Vancouver
aia is as much
iw lire Jupaii,
ipted for such
uto tlie valley
ntd the valley
pass into the
ntages which
Mit upon the
itish territory,
niciit of Buch
^\ 0|K'U up to
:)rtli America
I o|>en up to
I and on the
Miich appears
gress and ex-
ran sit to all
issage to the
East Indies,
od to feed a
st to accora-
liese colonies
e Pacific on
(Feet this, it
tiie Kooky
pay its own
', a land or
terms of the
;isli territory
I bo simtli of
laiiiu'l of Siin
lit the llritisli
T was songlit
liesitatc for a
iii'iin midwny
liiiliiiiil. 'I'lic
iiriinlaiid is
was never
. wlicM mid-
ay iloivii tlic
II Islaiiila in
.Stales. I!ut
lit wliere to
Anil it is to
eltl 80 far to
iiiulil alwa^'S
iehistlii'ieliy
e uriiil ration
in the year
•1111(1, wlileli
Vitlier with
11ltvailtl4^C8.
r-'tits of tliu
iTul.le loKNeB
nils hy tlic
eiinlilod to
T ceiit., and
leing mad*
i
mi
1 k ' ' '
il
lilii'i
1 !
V
V
N
\
I- •,?■,;;
X
N
1
1
i ■
, ;
". iHiifjii ih:
r
i 1^
f ^
m'
^¥
U< ; i
PROM TUB ATLANTIC TO TUB PACIFIC.
831
Tlio oxplnmtion of tlio rniitnil ilistrirls nl' Hiiti>li
AiniTiiiM, iMoi'i' (•.s|ir('iiill\ III' I III' lull',' villi-y.s iif tlii'
two Siisk.iti-lirwiins ami cif tlic A^.siiicliiiiiic liivcrs,
Mi also of thu IiuhIii of Lake \Viiiiii|i(>g, liuvo nut a
inciv Bfi)i,'i'ii|pliiciil iiitorost. Thc^ \vi '•' re of onr trann-
;illiiiilic liii'tjircii. till' |ii-iii;rrss of tlii> jjrcat cnliiiiii'S
iif Niirtli Aiiic'iici, IJir iiiti'iciiiiitinniicatioii nt niiin-
liiiiil, ami llic i^iiirial o'lnaiil imivtimiit nf a universal
ixisiiloi nn'ni'iUnp n piivinriit In llii' |irii|irirliiis of Iwinl vl'ivc piT
criit. on till' iiirrra I it iir iicwlv rnati'il siix-Ii. I''r..in Iti!t2 lu
It'illT. Uir ( 'iHiipiiny iiiriiri-i'il jii-.s ami iliinii.c ti tlii' iiitininit nt'
JL'!i7.''i"li -lirlini; IVuui tlic l-'ii'iirli. In 17u'l) llii'irciri'iiinsiiiiiii"i
wiTi' ^11 far iiniinivi'il tliiit. tlii'y a^ain tri'lili'd tin ir capital stni-k
Willi only a call of ti'U jicr cent, trnni tin; itrnprii'tiirH, iin wliicli
tl'i'y |Kiiil H iliviilcnil uvcrauiiit; nine per cciil. liir many yearn,
sliiiwiti;; priitits nil llif ori'^'inal Kuliserilieil capital ^t^n•k actually
paiil up nf lietwi'i'ii sixty anil seventy per i I. per aiinnni, fiiiMi
tlie year KilKI tii IHOO, nr iliirini.' a perind of I Id years.
I'p In this ti till' Ilnilsnn's l>ay Cninpany eiijnycil a niniinjinly
of I he fur traile, anil reapei' .1 rii'li harvest nf \vi'aUh ami inllneiice.
In 1 7s:i, tlic .Nnitli West ('i)ni]>iiny was fomieii, haviiiir its
Inai' ipmrters in .Mnntreal. Tlie Nnrth West l'nin|»any snnn rose
tntiic pnsitinn nf a fiirniiihililc rival tn the llmlsnn's Hay Cum-
l))uiv. anil the territory the iwn cntnpiinies traileil in lieeanie the
Bcenc of aiiiii.osities, (enils, ami Mnnilsheii, invnlvinj; the ili'slrne-
tinn nf property, the (tcinnr.ilisation of the Imlians, ami the ruin
of the fur traile. Owiii*; tn this nppnsition llii' Ilmlsnn's Hay
Cninpany snlferiil In sneh an Mtent, that helHeen IKiio ami IS'JI,
n perinil of iwcnty-two years, their iliviiienils were for the tirst
piu'lit ye.irs rednceil to fiiur jier cent. During tin; next six years
they ennhl pay iin ili\'iilenil at all, anil for tliu rouiainin^ ei;;ht
years liny cniihl (lay only f lur per cent.
Ill the year lH'JI.a iininn liel ween the Ninth Western ami llml-
son's llav t'iini]iany took place. I'mler the title ot ihe l.isl-nann'il
the proprietary were calleil up'in to pay tlmi ]ier cent, upon their
cnpitill, which, with the stock in tiaile of holli parties in the
cnuntry,fnrnieilaea|iitalslnck "!' C 101 1,11(111, on wliieli f iiir p reeiil.
iliviileml was paid in the years IS2I In I sj I, ami from il.it li.e
lialf yearly dividemls ol live pereenl. tn IsJS; Ir istjs in ls:ij.
n dividend nf live jier cent, with !i 1> iins nt ten ;ii' cent. Wi.s
paid; and. frnm I.H:t2 tn IH:t7, a dividend nf fniir per cent , wii,:
an avera;je Iioniis nf six per ceiii. The ilisiiilmtimi it\' pinliis i.,
the shareholii.rs lor the years 1SI7 to ls.",li, hoth inelusiM', \.as
us lolliiws: lM7l's|'.l, lell per eelil . per alinilni ; IS.'ill, Inenly
per cnit. )iei annnui, of w hicii ten ]iri cent, was adile'l In s m-i, ;
in isril, ten pel cent.: in l.S.',2, lirieeii per cee.l.,nf wliicli live pet-
cent, was added tn stock ; in IH.'il I11 IS.MJ, ten [ler cent, per
uniinin dividend. Of -tiS I'loprieinrs in .Inly, Is.'iti, lull have pnr-
cliiiseil their stuck at fmni L'^ii In J 10 per eeiit.
'I'la' capital einployed liy ihe ilndson's Hay Cnuipinv is as
fnlln«s:-.rillie 1st, Isr.li. aiiiiiuiit nf a-sets, f l.'lliM.ltlll IMv ■.'„/.■
Hini'iint nf liahilities, ,t2o;),;;;t;i iiiv. ]!■/.; c.ipital, tl .:;ii.'i,;iii7
li)v. 4'/., ciaisisliiiir of stock sl.nidin;; in the name of the pro-
prietors; i","illO,|i(lll valuation of Ihe ('.impaiiy's kinds and
Imililin^s, exclusive of V.'incmner Island and Or, u'on, tHlS.ss 1
12.f. S.L: aninuni expended nii tn lliih .<epieiijiii r, IS.".!!, in
senditivr iniiiers and laho irers In \'aiieon\er Isl.md, in the
mines, and olhi'r oli|ecls nf eolonisatinn, e)[cill^i\e ot' the Iradin.:
estahlishiiienls of tlie Cninpany, and which amount will lie re-
pavaliU? hy (tnveriinieiit if pnssessinn of the island is restinu'd.
i'H7,071 ^*«. I!'/ ; amount invested in Tort Victoria and oMnr
estidilislinients and posts in X'ancoiivcr Island, esiiniatid at
t7'''i,IX)0: anioinit paid to the Karl of .-Selkirk for lied Kiver
.-ctlleinint, L'HI.lll IS.v. ,'1./, Properly ami investments: 'I'he
lerritnry .ill ln>;on, ceded In Ihi' I'nitcd Slules liy the tlcaly nf
IHKi, which are secured tn the Company as |insse-soiy riidits
under the treaty, i;i,UUO,olH) stcrlii'ii,', .t2iHI,UUtr; total,
tl,2l!r),0(!7 l!l.«. 1./.
'flic nlliiirs of llic Hudson's Hay Company are manured by a
^nvernnr-in-chicl, sixteen ehii f f iclnrs, twenty-nine eliief traders
live sur^rcniis, eighty se\eii el, rks, six'y-seven jiitstinaslcrs, twelve
liniidied iii'riiianent servanis nf ditfei-eiit ranks, consisiini: ot'
vnVai:eurs and servants. The fotal number of persnus in tli
emplny of the lludsnn's Hay Cninpany is idinut It.OOIi. >ii'
lii'nrtre Siinpsnn bas been (tovirnnr nf the llii.lson's Hay
Coaipiiny lor forty years. He exercises a ^rcneral supervi'inn
nver tbe Companv's atfaiis. presides at their cnuiieils in tlie
cnnntry, and has the ]'riiii ipal ilireeti'iii nf the wbnle interior
nainajrenient in N'nrtli .Vnieriea. The ;rovi'i'nor is assisted by a
council of each of the twn ilep.u'tnients imo which the terrilniy is
divided.
'fhe scut nf council for the northern de|iarlinenl is at Norway
llnllse, en I.ake \\"innipe>r ; liir the snuthern depart llient ill
Micbiwicuthuii, Luke Superior, Muuse I'actorv, or Junes' Hay.
'I'he ('nuneil ennsists nf the chief ciifieers of the Company, tlip
chief fa.'Inrs lieiiii.' cr-n/V./'i) nienihei'H nf the cMimeil. 'I b.ir
deliheralinns are eomliiel.d in private. 'I'lie sixliili eliii f fael'.rs
are in chartre of ililfi rent districts in tbe ten iloiy. and a certain
niimher nt them llssi'mhle every year at .\nrw:,y llnllse, fnr the
northern department, t;eiierally iiboiit the iniilille of ,lime, to
meet the poeriiorund Iran.saet business. Sevi n chief factors,
Willi Ihe u'oveinor, fnnii a ipiniaim ; but if a Millicient innnber
of I ln' higher r.ml, nf niPi.-eis are not iiiesent, a i|unriini is est«.
lllisheil by the adlllissinu nf chief I rildels.
Ihe llndsoii's Hay CompanCs operat inns extend iint onlv over
Ihal pari nt North .\nieriea eall.d Hupert's Land and the indiaii
lernlnry, but ,ilsn over [ art of Camidii, Xewf 1111111111111, ( Irepni,
liusMan America, and tbe Sandwich Isles 'finis the np.raiion.s
of the Hudson's Hay Coinpany extend over lerriinns whnso
inllaliitan!- iwe lllleuiallee In three dlllirellt and iliih'pelidellt
j t;overiiniinls -Hrilish, li'iistiini, and the rnitid States. 'I hese
: iminen.se teriiinries, exereilini.' I,,"iiii i,ii(lii M|uaH' mile- in ar. a, are
divided, fnr the cxeliisiM' piirpnsis nf the lur trade, inln four
I il.|iarlments and thirty three dislricls, in which are iiielinleil one
hiimired and lifty-twn posis, comnianiliii).' the .servici of three
thoiisand a;." Ills, traders, Mivapiirs, and servants, hi sidi's ^'iving
nccasiniial or eoustalit einplity nieiit to about one hundred Ihnlisallil
.saviiL'i' Indian hnnters. Aniicd vessels, hnih s^jhu^r and steam,
iiie eiii|iloy,d on the North West (.'nasi to carry mi the fur trade
with the warlike niilinns of that distant rcjrion. More llnin
Iweiiiy yiars aj.'o tbe trade of tbe North Wist Coast gave
eir|iloyiiieiit to liboiil one tlinus.iiid men, nccniiyiii;.' twenly-nne
pel ueiit eslabli.shmeiiis. or I matred in navi-aliiiu' live an 1
sailinj.'-vis.els and nne arnie.l steamer, viryiii'_' Ironi mie liiindied
In ti'i'ic hundred Inns l.iirlheii. History ifies not fnrnisb am'ihir
example nf an assiicialion of privale imliviiluals ixertinL- a
poueilul iiillnence nver so lai'ije an extent of ihe earth's siirtaee.
and aibninisleriie,' ibiir alVairs with sneh eousiiniinale skill ,ilid
iinwavirii:..- devotion to ilie oiii^inal obj.vis of their ineorpoiaii' n.
In form, r days the llialson's Hay Company used to reaen the
Heil Hivii Seltlement by Ihe naindabom roiiteof Ilinlson's Hay
ami lip Ihe York river. This was ilone tn ]iiivenl thi :;rialer
cniiininincalion between tbe Canailas and iiiipert's Lands— it
lieiiig we.l iindi'i stood that as so s the I'MlLdi-h, tli.' Caliailians,
or the .Alnericalis, lueanie elilt;lilemd on the subject nf the
linilh.rn |i..~S' sslons. compelli-l In baiharisin and ilesolatinn by
thai Cianpaiiy, that their rii;ht would be ipieslinnid and their
}inwei' at niice explnded. This lias happened, at last, within the
past U'ti \ears niily, ami a ri';^ion as lar;;e as the west nt l-^iiropo
has been triveii to the biimaii race. One mass nt land iiloiie, tiu
Saskalchewan and Hid liiver district, amniiiits to :!IMi.0l 10 acres!
Meant iine, while eirjineels, and leu'islatnrs, and travellers ar.'aiu'l-
illi; I be Inerils of le-peelive mule-, in place nf al nniea.l iplili;: to
present exi-.:enei.s some one of the iii lines (a- wi^. ly rieonnneliilell
hy Professor Hind), a Pickfnrd nf the far West iias slaried anil
pinneeredlhe way. At tbe present moment, Mr, Hnrbaiik's enniplo-
leeut ot one hlindred wa:.'i;olls, in bri;raili's nf twenty -live eacii, iirC
runniin.' from St. Paul, the existinir lead of iiavi;;ali.iii in Ihe Mis-
sissippi to I ie'.rL'i'town. on Ked Hiver, eonvi y inu: the liei;:hi of the
llononi.ilile Ilinlson's Hay t'ompaiiy, lor whici. seiviee Mr Hiir-
baiik It, I- a C'lntracl lor live yetrs, wherebv he is biitn.l li carry
■ live bniidred lieis annually lor that period. Iliiriii;: the period nf
naviiratinn, Ibe di-taneo bi'lweeti >t. Paul and I'nrt (i.rryis ac-
cnmplislied in nine days, six ila,\ s bein^ reipiired to tiavel frnm
St. Paul In (li'nr|.'elnwn, on Keil Hiver, in stau'e-eoaches, and
I tlnee llav s by steamer fiom I icrtretow n In l'".trt (ia.'ry. 'fhe
stieci'-s attendant uiinn this ex|'eiiimnl bas been so ^'reat that
Hiiihatik and Co. were exjiecteil In have nn the same line, nn and
1 after .lime 1, ISIltl, lifleen f .iir-linrse Cnneniil coachis, makitii;
' regularly tri-weekly trips frnm St. Clniid, seventy-live milesabnve
! SI. Paul, nn the .Mississipjii, In IJenrL'elovvii, iliree hundred miles
I larlher iiorlh-west on Hid Hivi r, hrsides one buiidred traiisporia-
j lion waiTirons. l-'rom lieor;:i town the coninelion with Selkirk
S'llliMiiciil was to be by steam. Hy the A'or'- ICfi/cr, da'ed
l"ot t liairy ,1 nne 20, ISliO, we learn that tin' Ansuit Sorthrup
steaimr ascendt'd Ued Kiver to tieor^rctown, and returned to Fort
( iinv . ill II little nver seven days. If is expected that, as tl.'v
in ji''i.inie ol this line of coinniiiiiic.it ion pr'iiicss. s. the jniirnev
vv • 111 de with liorseH ami stago-coiiclies tbruii;;hniit the winter
10. hv the biiiniiu'r road.
m
ALL ROUND THE WORu..
\i )i
I!
! I
n. ii
': i ;
civilisiiliciii, nro alike conrprned in such pxplimitiona.
Uiiyoinl l.owrr and Upper Caiiala, witii tlio ox.'i'ption
of tilt' stni;;u''>nj,' Miiliiiiciit dm tin' KcmI ItivtT, no
propM'ss lias lircii niailu (o tin- wislwanl over since
ports, and, without broiiking l)nlk, land t^iip carjfowi
at F(irt Williatn tiir less than one t'.t'tieth part of the
cost involv I iluriiig the period wlien tin- North-Wes'
Company liecuniu u ])owert'iil, wealthy, and influential
I'O.'t, when the lands discovered liy Seliiistiau Cahot i hody.
wore tiiially (('(led to tho liritish. 'i'ruo that tin? Thi! coinjiletion of Sanlt Sainte Marie ( 'anal ( I ,', niilo
Nortli-Wistirii t'onipany have formed settlements, hut ' in length, 70 feet wide at holtom, and ll' feet ileep), in
it was llnir oltject to keep the country a huntinj^- May, Itj,")"), estjihlisheil an nniiLterrupte<I w iter eoni-
jiround fur p:iiiiled savages. 'I'liere have heen adven- \ nninication for sea going vessels hetweeii l,i'.:e Superior
tnrnus travelleis ami zealous missionaries who have [ and the ocean. The tir>t ship which sailed from Chicago
traversed thr.-.e lands, and these may .jnstly lay claim I to Liverpool was the Dcaii /lif/iiiioin/, in liS.'id ; since
to having heen tin- pioneers of existing things, hut j that peviixl the nundier of sea going vi's,sels from tliH
U]) to recent times little real progress has heen nnide I Upper l,ake ])<prts has heen incivasing with gieat icgu-
— nothing that will fnr a moment company with tho | lafity. The trade of !.,d;e Superior is also hecoming
niagnituile of the interests involved, and the houndicss t of unex]iccted importance. In lii'iU, hetwcen tho 1st
)iromise to tho future held out hy those vast regions, | dav of Juno ami tin" 1st of Novemher, the value of tlio
ns yet unclaimed hy civilised man. It is not only
that the valleys of tho gi-eat i-ivers above mi'utioneii,
the far-spreading wood and lake <listriets, and the
iiiamdlcss nu'adows that roll hctween them, all teem
dill'erent articles which ]iassed through St. Mary'sCanal
amounted to ."i,7n;?,4il.'i dollars, and the numher of pas-
.sengers to 11,02:.'. Fifteen years since tlnei' sciiipoiM'rs
constituted the entire tlect engaged in thi' LnkeSuperior
with o|ieniiigs to tlill'erent hranchcs of industry — ' trade. Tho numher of ves.scls which jiassed tlii'ough
tisliing, hunting, timher-euttiug, cattle hreeding, and St. ]\Iary's Canal, in the sea.son of ItSaS and lS."i|l, weri',
a','ricidtnre, with ro.id-making, ho\ise-liuilding, and the , rospoctively, 443 and 647, with a tonnage of 14U,3()7,
thou.saiid-and-(jne wants of civilised lite ; it is that a and 304,8l!0.
new route presents itself through these neglected j Tho whole length of this long navigation is 2,();iO
realms hy which to encircle the glohe, and wliether I miles, divided thus; Anticoste to (Juelice, 41<lniiles;
our ste.imers |, lough tho ocean fiom British t'olumhia to Moutr4>al, TdlO miles; to Ijuhiue Canal, ;V,IS I miles ;
to Xew Zealand and Australia, or to .lapin, China.) to lleanharuais Canal, (')14 miles; to Cornwall Canal,
India, and the Cape ; or whether Russia, progressing
eastw.ird, will hriiig the >alley of the Amoor into
eouimercial communication with that of the Frazcr
lti\er, and thus p.ive the way to tiio iron rail and
steam hridgcvs which shall girdle the whole glohe in
iheir emiirace ; still it is ipiite cert.iin that not onlv is
civilisation mirching from ICast to West, Imt that
lirili.sh N'tu'th Anu'riea is the real availaMe liuo (h iw-
evir long neuleeted) ofcoinmunication lielw-een Western
JMM'ope and the I'acilic Oi'eiu ; and when we conu' to
tliirik tli.it in ende.ivouriug to re:dise any such a do-
sir.ilile solution of a Ion;; peiidin;; i|Uestion, we are also
(i'ij miles; to Farrais I'oint (.'anal, (i7.'ij ndles; to
liapid I'lat Canal, (ISM mih's ; to Foint lro(piois Canal,
<J1>'.I} miles; to Calops Canal, 714.', miles; to F.akc,'
Ontario, "(i'i miles; to AVelland Canal, l.dlli mihs;
to Lako Erie. 1,041 miles; to J)etroit Itiver, l.L'f'O
miles; to Ijjiko St. Clair Kiver. St. Clair, and Lake
Huron, ],3i').') ndles ; to KiverSt. Mary, l,■")^(l miles ; to
St. Mary's (Janal, ],(i.jll miles ; J.ake Su]iericpr to Fort
William', 1,910 miles; Superior City, ■J.O'M) ndles!
With the single exception of St. Mary's Canal, all the
great puhlie wdrks which havp lieeii contrived and
exei-uti'il for the purpose of reducing the olistacles to
ad\ancing at every single step taken the material : "uinti'rrupted navigation hetwcen the great lakes iind
progress
AniericM,
pf (ireat Ihitain, Canada, Central i'.riti^h
auil liritish Columlji.i, extemliug co|oiiis:i-
tion, bringing new land and m-w territorial resources
unilcr contrilmtion. auil suhjei-ting new natural lines
of land and Ihiviatile coumnniicatiou to hear upon
some main ariery of transii — it must ho felt that the
impiu-tance of the ipii'slions thus involved arc only
equalled hy their vastness. j
From the Atlantic seaboard theconununication across
is already li.ilf elhu/teil.
The pre.sent position of Lake Superior and its tribu-
tlie oceau, lie in the Can.idian territory, and are under
the control of the Canadian government. Ottawa, tho
futine capital of Canada, is, it is to be observed, upon
this line of eommunieation, as also what will ho an
undoulited improvement upon this line, and will, when
compleli'd, connect the whole into a tirst-cla-ss navi-
gation for ve.s.sels di'awing twelve feel of water.
Nor is the comuiei'ci' of the lake-' on the AnuTican
side increasing wiih less niarvelloiis r.ipidity ; 3,011;')
steamers pa.ssed \\\i from J.ake Krie to Lake Huron
ami hetroit, in LSoD ; and 3,1-1 passed down. 'J'ho
tiiries. It is to b{! observed, in relation to .Montreal and greatest nundier up in a single day was So; down, 73.
the Atlantic .seaboard, is wholly changed since tho l.)etroit statistics show that .') steanurs, 7 propellers,
period when tin; old Xoi'tli-West Conipanv, establishe<I ] 4 baiipu's, 7 brigs, and )*■'> schooners, wcii' nmro or less
in 17i'^3, and amalgamated with the Ifudson IJav (Join- ' engaged m the J.akc! Sn|ierior trade dni'ng the s.iiiio
paiiy in 1H:.'1, maintained large establisliiueiits at Fort i year. F'orty vessels leftduring the si'ason n>r Kiiropcaii
U'illiam and Fort Charlotte, on the I'igeon Itiver (now [ and outward Jiort.s.
the boundary line <if Jhiiish America, and of the' I'uiti'd \ We, however, have not only no regular interi'ommuni-
States territories oil Lake Superior), and .some tliirtv- ' '"■'tion between Canada and Central Lritish America,
five miles in a south-west diri'otion t'rom the moulhsof no roads even ti'aced out along tho north shores iif Lake.-)
the Kaministoqiioiah Kiver. Jn tliosedavsof i aiioe trans- Huron and Su|ii'rior, hut we liave not e\en any regular
Jiort. merchandis(> was conveyed uji the Ottawa, ucro.ss summer communication with the Red R'ver Scttlonitait
the heiglit of land to Lake Huron, thence by tho north by rivor or hike navigation.'
shore of Lake Superior to Fort William, the start in"- ' "^
Jioint of th-j long iournev into the creat interior valleys ' Within tlir tcrritery of the CTntcil Slatis, tliccnuntr.ybftwoen
.,f 1J...I I';,/.,.. .l'„ < i" . 1 1 1 »c 1 : I I.iilii' SiiiiiTiiir lUid the vuUev iif ilif .MisMssiiipi iireseiits no ililli-
ot I Ml J.iver, the Saskatchewan, and the Mackenzie. ,„i,ies fjr thecnslniction of a milniml. ■fl.ev.lley nf thr Mi.-
in tliese clays siiips can s.ul liuin huiojican or Atlantic [ Blssiinii is iu ilirccl ciiiuumiiiaitiou with that of tho Kod Kiver ol
FROM TUB ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFia
888
Now there aro thrco stagos. Ttio fir.st from tlio ' stiirtcj in cliiiBe, I following him. lie snnn got a shot at
Atlantic to liakn Siipt'tior, wliicli \vc liiivo shown to ho the huiir, who HumimI idiiml, ihiwfil »t the wmind, gavea
alreaily at our ilisposiil ; the si'c'ond I'loni l.iiki' Snpciioi' saviijiu i;rnwl, .unl rin into one ot llmx' littlo ulunips
to thu Ki'tl Uivor Colony ; ami tho thinl iVoin tho lit'il whitli :ilwiiy-> niMik u wiilciroiir.st' in llic hilly coMiitry.
Hivcr Colony to tho Kooky Mountains. We will now I look the lilh- iij^ain, loaili'il, and pui>.ni'd ihf rnciny
pfoci'od to show what lia.s hiTii done or i.s doing in light into ihe ihinip, in spite of thu ivmon.'-triinces of
rcspoc't to facilitating tho accoinplishniont of tlicso l»iiiipliin. iind gelling a sight of him tirst, gave him a
routes. linishiiig ^liot lietween eyi^ and ear. Although he was
Imt a young hear, only in his third year, it was with
great dillieulty that wo eoiild drag him (ait ; he mea-
sured hve fell fcair inehes frimi the rump to tho
muz/le, anil his elaws were three inehes and three-
(luarteis long. Had he heen fully grown, and posses.sed
of that amount of eouragi^ and lerority with which
tlu' old grizzly hears, hoth male and feinale, are en-
dowed, it Would certainly have fared hadly with U9
that day. However, we skinned our prize with gieat
satisfaction, and I was exceedingly iilea.std with the
]iluck and daring of my companion, who had heen
twice ( hargcd hy the Inar, and wliu.so [lislol had twico
snapped.
•'The grizzly hear is an animal very littlo known in
this country, the damp climate of which does not
agree with him. The cc hliraUil Catlin hrought over
olio or two .specimens ; hut they met with tho fate
which almost invariahly iittends pets — an untimely
end ! Tla re are now some s|iecimens of tho grizzly
hear at the Zoological (jardens of the Itegeiit's I'aik,
hut I fear they do not piomij-e well ; they are not at-
taining the size to which their age entitles them. ']"hc
grizzly hear is iioetieally and justly calliil tho monarch
ot the Kocky Mountains, a name to which his size aid
ferocity fully eiilitle him. as he roams o\cr these vast
solitmles fearless of everything. 'J'he full-grown male
nua.sures eight feet si.\ imhcs from muzzlo to stern,
and ahont that si/.o liamd the hody ; liis feet are in
shape something like those of a negro, and are ahout
eighteen inehes in length, armed with claws lully live
inches long ; his arms and h g> are enonmaisly puwei-
fiil, and as he walks ami trots he moves the hind and
fore loot tog<-lhcr on the .wiine side, anil lolls his head
at every step. In colour he varies a good deal from a
ciimniiui hrowii to a heautilul steel gray, lie dilleis
materially from the common hrowii hear in the size
and shape of iho head, which is much larger, and hImi
ill the foi'c legs, which are not only much stouter, hiil
covered with very strong wiry hlack hair, while his
claws are much longer and stronger than tho.so of the
hrown hear. Naturalists are divided in their oiiinion
as to whether the grizzly hear climiis trees or not ; 1 \it
I am perlcctlv convinced that he dm s not. Jlen iiave
^ l,^
II.— THE WAY TO THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
Captain Pali.iskr ia well known as " Tho Solitary
lluntef" to all who lovo tli' adventiirouM, from the
recitals of his oxporienco in a shooting excursion up
tlio Mi.ssoiiri to St. lioni.s, and thoiico to lAirt Ver-
million, Fort Union, and tho b'orts of tlu! Yellow Sloiio
River, in tho AssineTi'riitory. It was in this country
that hewaatho hero of the following ventiinais exploit :
" Next day (t.'aptain i'alliser was at the time decrih-
ing tho Missouri l^iver) was .so windy that wo could not
continue our descent, so t wont out to look fa- Idaek-
tailed doer in littli; thickets of hrushwood on tin!
old rod siimlstono hills ahout tho luoiilh of the Knife
River. I shot a fine huck, and was hiisy skinning it,
when I hoard ' Monsieur, rmu-z ici .' ' loudly shouted.
I looked up, and just .saw the tiguro of Dauphin vanish
over tho hrow of a hill ; of course I follo\v(ul with my
loaded rifle, and on reaching tho summit, hehcid a
boar standing on his hind legs and staring ahout him
in every direction, while Dauphin, concealed from his
view hy a rock, was industriously snapping his pistol
at him. On seeing me tho hrnte shutHed olf ,it a great
pace ; hut when I came up with Dauphin, the latter,
imitating tho croaking of a hiill'alo calf, hroiight him
hack again a little way, so that 1 got a shot at him,
and hit him in tho tlank, though, hlown as I was hV
my a.sceut, I oonld hardly hold my hreath to take aim.
Tlie hear clawed at the spot where tho hall struck him,
and charged up to within twenty paces of us. whih,' I
Was reloading, whereupon Dauphin snapped his pistol
again at him without elfcct. Fortun.itely for us,
liriiin was only a two-year old, and afraid to ru^h in,
though largo enough to have smashed lioth of us,
defoncoloss as wo wore at the moment, and. hoforc! I
could yiit oil my percussiou-ca|), holtod over the hrow
of tho hill. I was still so llioroughly hlown from my
run over the rocky ground that I gave up my heavy
ritlo to Dauphin, who threw down tho useless pistol and
tho north by tnivi'lleil roads, so that the iipproich to tlio valU'v of"
Lake \Viimi|ii'j; I'riiin tlie lu'iiil nt' Lake Superior is niilv a ((iiislinii
ol'liim', and will not involve any C'in>iilcml)le iiatlay " liiMi the
iiiTi'ssitii'S of tlai coiaitry, or orcoaiaaTci', remlor the opening of
this liiif i,rcoininuniaitioii ,1,'sirahlf. Kettle Itiver, llowiuj into
the St. Croix, a Iriliutary ol' llie Missi.ssippi, i.isu,'S Ironi a snnill
lake not twenty niile-i I'roni Luke Suporior, and tln' di>lan(V of the
navigable pi)riiini «>f the .Mississippi, adjoining Sandy Lake, is
m-areely forty-tive inile.-i from Fond dvi Lac. The Mississippi is
said to lie navigable li)r steamers of lii;lit dr.iui;lit from Crow's Win;;
to beyond tliis jHiint, and Crow's Wini; is IHO miles from St. I'iinl
hy the travelled n>ad and less than lliO miles in an air line from
Suiwrior City. St. I'aal and Crow's W'im; will soon he eomu-etcd
l)y II niilwi'.y. A lar^'e (Minioa of the heavy work on this line is
completed, and if no nnt'oreseen evenis tH-enr, the eonncetlon will
have bieii estiihlisbed lief ire the piihlieation of this narrative.
The eoiistraetion of a plank mud hetween Superior City and Crow's
Wing 18 alroiidy in eontemiilation, ami the route is even now
occasionally travelled. It will nodoulil become of LTcat eoinnier-
cial importunce to the repion of the I'pper Mississippi and its
nuincrous tributaries ; and it is not iinproliable that iis inllaeiiee
niiiy rapidly extend to other watersheds, viz., these of liaiiiy l!i\ er,
Ked Kiver, iiml tho Siukutuhewun.
told ino of escapes they have had from tlielii
aseciiding trees; and oin' traii]i(r named .loo Vie
told me that he once had a mocassin torn idf his font
while in tho act of escaping up a tree, hy tho stroke
of the ponderous pi", of a grizzly hear, which, how-
ever, w:us iinahle to follow him, and sat for a eonsidcr-
ahlo time at the foot of the tree watching for hiui to
come down."
Another advonturc— Caiitain ralliser's second—
with the grizzly hear, was not so sucicssful or satis-
factory. This occurred in the Turtle Mountains.
" Houcharvillc's (piick eye ]iereeived, under the clitls,
ahoiit ;it(0 feet helow, a doe elk, feeding in a glade
surrounded with thickets cd' fruit trees ami rose hushes.
With his Usual doliheraliou he drew out and struck
cr.isswise in tho ground his ramrnd and loading stick
lor a rest, and a deliherate shot hrought the elk down
.1«4
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
on liiT tr.irks. Tln' spot frmu wliiili In' linl liii'il wns I Id tc.if lii-< clodK's, niiil cut liiiii willi liis sliiirp 'laWH.
H(i sti'c'|i tliiit wo wi'i-i' iililii;i'il til turn li'nk iiii'l tal<i' ii I liiii|iliiii li:i>l liii'tiiiiali'ly pruv iilr<l liiiiisrif willi ii ^nml
iiiiii'i' firciiiliiiis ciiiirsi' to 11' ii'li liiT. riniii'liiii'villi', wlm ' lliick ulii'U ; Imt , imlvs illistiiiiiliii;,' llii.s mUiiiiliiKr, In'
wiis riylil i,'! Ill I" i'iliiii|iii>li till' li;,'lil, mill Inivi' it a
ill'awii IkiIiIi' AI mil' lliiir, lii' tnlil iiii'. Ills ihIvi'I'miiv
liml M'riiri'il Ills |i'!,', nml vrry iinirly siirrri'ilril in iIiiil;
i^'iiiL,' it III Ills liiiiiilli, ill vvlilrli I'M'iit III' wiiiilil liiivi' liini
llilll M'M'I'i'ly, wlirll :l cillllili' 111' llMI'il Mows nil till' liciT
lliailc llilll Irt an Ills lliilil. lillt Hilly (ii IrlMW Ills i ll.ll'jji'
ii.i;niii mill m<;;uii, iiiitwillishiihliii<{ ri'iinitcil lliwiirk^ mi
till' lii'ul IVmii till' yninm liiinlrr's slirk. ' /:'t, Moiixii m;'
rnliliiiilril I )Mii{>liili, 'riijlii I'/c.s/ iv/((i/i/i(', /<•«'(•;'(' jnfil
t'lil'iiit ihi ili'ihl,' ." Till' ^kiM 111' liliiiiLtlil liiiliii' WIIS u
lir.iiilil'iil iMii', IIS iiiilrrii mv till' skills 111' nil Miiiiii; jii'izzly
lirms, wlmse I'm' is llii.k, nl'ii tinvny cnlmir, witli ii .s|ii|i('
lit' a (l.irkrr liiU' almii,' tin' liink, ami mi lui.,' hihI .slia;.';{v
that it sliaki's up mi'l ilnwii as tlir aliiiiial .sliiilllrs alniii;.
Ill tlio cvi'liiiii^ I tiiiik a I'iili' with |)aiipliiii, liioi'i' tii
I'lijiiy till' cxipiisitii laiiilsrapi' than for llii' purpose of
hiiiilini;. Our coiirsi' lay lliiiiiii;li cnlars ami rlimli
liuii not loailril, wi'iit III til It iiioiiinit to a strniiii alimit
tliirty pai'i's Iroiii whiri' tin' wapiti lay. sa\ iiii;, •./cnd'.i
/iirrr mil cdritl'i'f' : mnl I. Iraviiii; my lioi'si' to i,'i'a/.i',
liMviiii; takrii (ill" his hriilh' ami iiiirolli'il his lialtrr, wis
liiisy, knife in hainl, reiiioNiiii; the elk's skin, when
lioiii'harx iUe, who liy this time lia'l his rille liarrel in
the s:reaiii, iiml was spoimiii^' away very ililinently,
siiilileiily slionteil oiii, ' Ifiiniirn.' ini wirri." ami at. the
Hiinie instant a she i,'rizzly hear eiiieriie 1 Ir'iiii a elierry
tliii'ket, ehar^iiii,' rii,'lit at him. iioiiiliarville, ilriippiiii{
his rifle luirrel, spraiii; hai-k into a eliiinp of rose lnishes,
when the hear, hisim; siijhl of him, sloo'I on her liimi
left's, unit I then saw she li.iil a eiili of a noml size with
lief. [ lit first rail to assist my eoiiipinion, Imt .sieim;
him safe ami the hear at fault, 1 rnsheil liiek to the
horse to seeiire llilll, feariiiij that were he to smell the
hear ho wmihl sunn speeil his way over the prairie
mill h(! lost to me fir ever. Seeiiiij me run, the hear ; ilemlnnis, ami we fminil rej^iilar paths in all ilireelioiis
instantly cliariiiil afirr III" ; ami when, having re lelieil | miiile liy elk ami Inilliilo, who travel thrmiyli every
the Imrse ami roHil ih' lia ter a eoii|ile of times rmiml ; wooil. In the whole of this reijion tliere is not ii
my anil, [ tiiriieil a'"Hii i.i faeu her, .she ro.so on her I lliieket or point that is not riinliieil ea.sy to traverse
himl lej;s. Idiilimt like, however, to venture so liim^ ii 1 from this e.iii.se, iiml it will he easily iniajiineil that a
shot, as I llilll only a sin;,'leli,ii'elleil rille in my haml. siieir^sion of Ihesi' heavy aiiinials followiiii,' in eaeli
mi'l piii^eil for a inumeiit. when she allerel her iiiteii- nlhei's wake wonhl sunn form a very eonvenient riiliii;;
tioii. iiiiiieil asiile, iiii'l I'olloweil the ilireetioii taken hy traek. AVe retiirneil iiliont sunset with the skins oflwo
Inr I- ill. I then i'ail;,'lit a j,'liliipse of her as she ran ti wapiti, iinw \ .linahle as heiii^' in the red. As we sat
th'l II. an. I lireil through the hushes, hilt only hit her I'ar nnniil onr eamp lire at iiiylit, |!iiiieliarville remmistiateil
li.i.k in till' ll.ink.on wliieli she imiiii'ilial'-ly I'lieekeil lii-r nineli mi tie' ilaiii;er we ran hy riiiiaiiiiii;L{ in this
111 >\aiil eiiiirse. ami wliei'lin;^ roiiinl , Mill loiiii'l. snapped ileli;.'lilfiil spot, and pressed me mi hard, that hefnre
at her siile.tearinnat the wi'iind with herteelhalidelaw.s, ! jioiliu' In rest I reliietaiitly emiseiitid that we should
and fortiinati'ly for me, alii ir led m.' sniti 'ieiit time to depart the follnwiiii,' day, takiiii; a northerly direetion
eiiahle 111'' to hi.id aitiin ; my hill was hirdly down, when until we shnnld tall in with the little .Missmiii, wliieli
aslioiil from It iiu'h.irville warned iiie that llielitfht was \U' should follow up and down to hunt for hear and
I'lilv eoiiiiiii'iiriii'.'. ''I'div/e: ro/i.s'.' 7 (,r(/'': (■ii/(.«, //(D/f.iv'i,'"/'.' hii; horn. Aeeonliiiiily we slarled mi the morrow,
ill.frr,- //. I.''.' and oil she fiirioiisly rushed at me. I li.iiiphin travellinir mi f""t as lii^ hm-se was heavily
lia'i liaii K lime to put oil my I'opper cap. .iiid as she laden with the tropliiis of mir linnt in the .Monta^'lie
(■^" p 'A'J.\l) rose' on her hind Ii'l,'s. I tired, and sent mv de Tortile, and hefnre iinoii we arrived at some rmky,
hiillit throiii.di her heart. She dmil.led up an I rolled sliiii:;ly hills, over and almi;,' whieli we r.nh' w it h miieli
fi'olii the top to the lioltoin of the slope, where she dillii'iilly, haviie.; freipieiilly to disiiioiint and le.id mir
i-\pi!i'd willi a eho.ikili:; :;rowl. liou'harviile now hoiM',. I)aiipliiii here desirii d a ;;rizzly liear Ivinx
i'liiie I me. lillt we did not venture to approaeh the i\:<\\\i and siinnini; himself mi the leil;,'e of a reek hii;!!
i-neiiiy iiiitil I had loaded, and we as 'ertaine I tint she up mi i he side nl'a hill. and. emilrary to my direetions,
was safe ih'.id hy pelliii;; sla-ks an. I stumps at the iiisli.|.| ..f wailiii;; for lis, ran mi. while Umieliarv ille
All this time mv iiohle h.irsi! stoo.l as lirm and I w.r.
'iiii|.' the hallei's of our hm'
'ses, so us til
lUS U I'oek
ill 11 .serious seraiiu
d he reared or sliie.l 1
d have lieell ' eal.li lliei
II ai.'aili more
easily, and under ei
iver ol
1"
was i;reatly rej.iie
at mv 1'.
I.irlum.
j.n
i line old hear, m.'asiiriiii; sev.n and a half li'et
in leii:,'tli. with elaws fmir and ii halfiiielr
We iinniediatelv . .'t t.i aiei skiniie.l hi'r, preserviii
Ih. .-la
I then hi
th.' I
i.ir.M'. an
I l.iid the
! the r.iiks, j;.it wiihiii forty yards ol the heaiiiiipeiveiveil.
j lie look drliherale mm, hut mis.sed him ; the hear
instantly made oil' for a lliieket of luushw I, while I,
not a liltle aniioyeil, ran aloiiir the hase of the elills to
eiif oil' his retreat, Imt all to no purposr : the hriile
passril me al .smiie distanee, irivini' me a ~lia
'hot at
.ill iip.iii his haek ; li.'. siriin,'e to say, oll'erin;,' im i him wliieh did not lake elU'et, reaelied tin' liniher, and
-i-lai imr evineiie,' the sliirhtest fe.ir or ohjeetiiui j the urmiiid heiii^' too liar.l for us to tr;
iiiii, linallv
a most unusual tliinj;, for Imr.ses in ;;eneral \ii'>\ awav iinsealhed. As mav he sui
I
wa.s 111
a;-. 1. rrilied at the siiii
I'll of a hi
.1 I
nev.'r saw ' no envia
Ille hnuiiiiir ; Daiipli
1 siiiee that w.iulil allow nie to till'.. w a hr.irskin
ii.'l'o.vs his haek. Dauphin, on mir reaehinj; eaiiip, and
1 I
r.i'ie sileii
tlv and fiilkilv fnrw;
II kept out of my way.
At la-t ni
rel.it nil' (iiir ai
Ivelll
lire, ti
11 coll)
lie of
Ills of ri
id his rille. and slarie.l oil' t.i trv and eateh one of tin,'
VOIIII'' hears. J thmerhi th..|.i
.s.i dmihlliil. that I ilhl i
pinsp.
et of his liii.|in!,'tliein
I
altervvai
1
lot aeeiiinpaiiy liini. and wa
s \erv s. .rrv
did
ii'it ; for alter h.'ini.
llilll. i-il|lllV 111
"I a w hill' of til., pipi'. whirh I dn
II, slru.-k . lit'li'. and mv-.ralh so.m vaiii.-lie
iiokc,'."'
' KviTv travcllor sl.i.is liis |.'ii7.z1y lii'iir, iiiul llie'riircmiils nf
■ I xpl'iits iirr iiiit s.'lil.mi till' li';isl iii1(Vi'>tiiiL' )'i'rli..Ms et* tin
innrs awav, lie retiiriieil. Iiavini,'
nml altaeked the i.llier with a v ii
alive Tilt-' litlle hriite, however.
ilmt one liltle he.ir,
I'liiil Kane, tlie :irtisl, in w.irkni.: liis
'.Viiv (iMin
I'', lit
w of
'aplnrin^ him
(iarrv Id l.'.irl Kiiiiiiiiitmi, al..nu' 111.. Sii-li.ili'ln.\M\n, liiistln' r..ll.i\v-
ii.u' ii'ilf in liis iliurv : — *' .S'/yi/. '2 1. \\\> ]i:iss,.il ihr.m^'li \\li:it is
fought s.i tiereely js ^ ciilliil tin' hoii^' (.irass I'liiiv'ii — lli.' Iwiiis nf n wluilu ciiniji ot
Rlinrp •l.iwH.
willi n pMid
llvillltllf,'r, llf
il li'iivi' it II
llin ilihrrMllV
icliil III (Iriii;
iilil liiiM' Inn I
S (111 till' IMI-I'
IW llis I li:ir;;r
il lllWilrk- nil
'■.'t, Moiisi, in;'
If s'fl't' pitit
I llllllll' WHS II
MPiiiil,' -iriz/ly
« illi II >lii|i('
'J. mill .sliii;.'i;y
liiilllcs iiIiiiil;.
Iiiii, iiiiiro III
I' |llll'|HI.S(' III'
I mill I'IiimIii-
nil ilii'rcliiiiis
inmuli every
ere is 111.1 II
V 111 IniMTM'
>,'illeil tliiil II
in;,' ill eiieli
enieiit riiliiiLT
skins lit twu
As We silt
I'elniinsliiiteii
liiii; ill tills
llllll llllnle
I we slinlllii
rlv ilireelinll
■-iiini, wliii-li
fur liiiii- mill
lie lllnll'iiw,
\M|s lieiu ily
e .Miilitii^'lie
siillie liieky,
I' uitll llillell
mil li'.'iil mil'
• 1)1111' In inj(
a I'eik lii;,'li
y ilii'ei'liiins,
'olli'lim'N iUe
s, SI) as til
er euvei' nf
lli|iei'i'eiveil.
; tlie lieaf
nil, wliile J,
I lie I'lills to
; llie liiiile
ii;i|i sliiit at
linilii'i', mill
liiii, liiiiilly
I, I wii.s ill
lit' my way,
At la-t iiiy
llii'll I illew
aiii.slieil in
ir iicc.iiuits of
'linns (il tlii'ir
MV IniMi Kcirl
,ilsllll'l'.,ll„W-
M'^'ll \\ll:ll is
llClll.' UllilJI ut
iTROM TUB ATLANTIC TO TlfE I'AC'IPIC.
\S'Men('a|it. Piillisei'liai|lii|lileilii\e|lliuwl|n|ei'iiiiiitiy, | ili seeliileil tin
iiiiil lilimii nil' iiime |iHwilei' tliaii any Simix m' I'.laek I leliiiiieil In !■
liiiit w.'iri'iiii, mill ean'ii'il away imn'e piiiie mel I'lir lliiiii ' llnl, the
Jjtlie liiii'iliesi iil'llieii' lni|i|iers, lie reliirneil siiiilliwai'ils, liillierlu, In
I
.Mis>is~i|i|ii liy the way ho hud cotiip, ami
Kllro|ie liy Ne« ( )|lea|is.
lelleetinii sli'uek tile liiilil liimtri' | Imt,
liail liiaile liiliiselt' aeiniaiiiteil oiilv with tlio
liiiliiUH, «lin HiTi' iiirnril iiU'hy llml lii'iil »r niri^'i' nf tlirir riii'i',
till- Hill. ill pox, wcru liurc liliMrlniii; nii tlii' pl.iiiis, liaviii^ t'<illi*ii
t'i'niii til ' |iLtirnriiis iiii'l tri'i'-i nil wliii'li it is tlieir I'listmii to huh*
I KM II I llifir ilr.nl. cnverril with » k ills —\i>i it'll litti-r, iis wi'll iis tlm
Mii|i|inrls. tiiiii' liinitli'strnyi'"!. (.V'-''p. .'l.'!?.) .Vti iiiiiiu'iisi' ;;ri//!y
Ihmt wus (Iriiikiiiir lit a |intiil, tint iitir liiiiiirr wnit ain'.nl nf tlin
party llliiiU'ia's It. ly t'niii|i.iiiy iiicii), In try ami i^i'l a hIihI at
liiiii. Till' lu'ar i|iiH'lly iiwiiiii.,1 liis iillai'k, iiinl the imliaii, si'eiiin
liitn so CO i|, r.itlii'r lii.'siiatc>l In ailvain-n, iint. ilet'iiiiiii; il prinli'iit
or Kilfi' In ili'prtiil nil tile lli'i'tiiris iil' llis linrsi', tllllcss lit> li.iil \\
PhhI i-hirt nf lilt' Iii'iir. Ili' tirnl, ttn'i'i I'nri-. at Inn ;;riMt a ilis-
tlllli'i' I'nr 111.' slinl In ti'll. 'I'lli' lii'iir I'lui' llji Very I'nllflH.illy
on llis Itiiiil li':;s, ami ri'i^anliir^' the ImiiU'p for a innim'tit, tui'in'.l
ah.. Ml anil walki'il away. I llii'ii ili'ti'rmiiii'.l t.i try my In k. .\s
I was \i'ry \ti'I1 ninniilci), I rn.l.' iiji t.> within l'..rty nr llfly yariis
of liiiii, iiml us he ttirncl to liK.k at ine, I ilischiir:;.''! Imtli Imrrels ;
niiu w. inn. It'll liiin in the shniililiT, luiil with a s.iva^i* urnwl he
tni'iii'il mill pni'siii"! iiii!. I sol nil' at full ^^lllop toiviir.ls .Mr.
Itnwlan.l, who waiti'il till In. caiiii' Nvitliiii >liot. wlieii h.. put
aiiotlier hall into liiiii ; hiil still Ilie hear ailvani'i'.l. in tlieine.in-
tune the liiill. in anil I lail li .tli niaiiaui'.l t'' reloa.l, iiml, as llii.'
heiu' I'liiiie I'.iriv.ink llie Iniliaii lire.l, iiii'l nitist have hit, us the
liriir ii^.iin rose on his hill. 1 li.^^s ; when, taiuiii; ileliher.ite aiiii, I
Ioi1l;.'iI a h.ill in his hearl,aii;l the liiiL,'e mniHter fell lo the niniiiiil.
The Inilian nn.v skiiin.'.l liiiii, an I etit nil' his piws, wliieli we
fimii.l nin*t ilelii'ioits piesin;j, wli.'ii r.i.i'te.l in tli.- eveiiltii;. Tlie
elaws, whii'li I preserveil. nieasiireil lour an. I a-lialf iiiehes. 'I'lieri!
is nil animal on the while eiiitinent th.it the Imliaiis h il.l in .si
miieli ilreail as the ixri/./.Iy hear, ami t'ew will attack on.' nf tliein
when alone, unless wiili a very ll.'ct Imrsc niuler liiiii." Wli.-n up
lit Kort K.lin.inti.n in th.' winter, niir a'tv..ntiu'..iis .irtist (v.lio.
iiytlie-liye, in his tirst Inill'aln leiiit, .m the lieil River, piiisi-s
hefnre sliuotini; his tliinl hiill'il-i to take a sk.'tcli of hi n, an. I m-ts
Kiincke.l nverf.ir hi- piiii-|, meets .imither i;rl/.zly hear. " W.' li.i I
mil lelt the l''.irt in n-e ihi.i live or si\ miles huliiml iis, when we
fell in with an eiiniMniis i»ri/./,ly hear, hut Kram/nis (a half-lircl
vuyiii.'enr nf eelehrity ), wniilil lint lire at him, n ir all nv me to .l.i
K.i.'allhi.iiL'li I t.ilil' iiiiii I hel li.'lpc 1 t.i kill one h.-firi. .V
yoiin^'er man than he, wli i hail his eharaet.T t.) make, iiii.;lit have
liueii f.i.ilisli eii'.ii.'h to run the lisk, for the sake »( the slaniliiii,'
it wniilil have :.'iveii him amiiiu'st his cnaipini.ins ; lint l''i'am,'.iis
hail a fhar.ieter e^t ihlishc.i, aii.l woiill ii'it risk attaekitiLi s.i tnr-
iniil.ihle ,111 aiiiiii il with only two m.'ii. In ficl, tlicr eiionnotis I
slreinrtli, .lu'iiity, ami w in.lirfnl tenacity of life, make th.'iii ■
tthllnneil even hy larLTe nilniliers. lei.l f.'W ar..' kiile.l, ex.-ept hv ]
yniiiiU me" •'"' "'1' piirp.Ke nf pi'iimlly weiring' th.; elaws, niie .if
th • in.ist I'steenieil iiniaineiitH tn an Inliaii chief, arnnnl their
ui'cks. Til" hear '.valke 1 on, In.ikiii'^ at lis now an. I then, hut
si'.'iniii;: to Irc.it lis with ciintenipt. .\ly llnu'.'i's w.'i-e itehiiiu' to !
L't liy at Iii'.ii : it s.-oineil s'l ci-y, ami his skin was in such tine |
:uinlitinn. lint tli.in_'li my u-iiii ha. I two 1. arrets, ami Kr.im;'iis
•.vas liy my si.io, with th.' aim ist certainly of pnttiiii; three lulls
.."^'11 in; yet we well kn.'w tint it was ten ehaiiees to on.' that
tliri'c h.ills w.iiilil kill him ipiick ciioii:;h t.i jirovtMit a liaml-to<
•III encnnnter, a sort iA' amusement that neither were t^uiMitie
Diii)iii,'li to ile^ire."
?.Inliiiin.sen reports fnr ns one nr two u'ri/./.ly heir stories, as tiilil
by Siki-tn niakeii, nr llie Ulack It.'av.'r, a Delaware chief at
Knrt .\ik'in.'kle, on the Mexican frnntier. " If yon can iiianaire,"
sai.l ..nr liiilian iiistnietnr, "t.i runt the HIack Hear (l'i«ns
Ainerlcanns) nut nf his ileii nn the Canailian river, ami to Honml
liini, so that lie is inelincil to ti^'ht, ymi may have a ih'liu'htfiil
hunt ; von w-ill he )ileasc(l with his pluck, anil laiiLrli at his
comical attil lilies ; hut miinl what yon are iilinnt, anil iln imt let
him en lie too near, or ynii may liny his liiile ainl his savmiry in. at
n little to . lie ir. Hut stmnlil h.' retire int.. Ii's ileii, then ilo yon
jnakt' a t..rcli of ilrv i;i'ass nr w .ml, or anythiiiir that wilt liiirii,
anil liillnw him liolilly into his liiile, ami when the liirlit ^-lares in
llis eyes the fo.ilisli ehap will sit up nn enil ami cover his eyes
with Ills clumsy jiaws. Yon then i.i .ke your tnreh hla/e nj) a Iiit,
mill you will see a spilt on his hreast where the hair f^rows in a
sort III ronuil ; y.ni put a hullet in there, iiml the hei.i n ill l'o
ilown like a Pawnee tent when ynu have cut the jirops I 'lie
■linnet always smoke him luit of his ileii, anil even if yini ilo he
'.vill sonu'times coiiu' tn the inoutli nf the ciue, ilash ilowii, niiil
Claii.. .iwav llu" tire '.vitli his paws, anil go hack a^aiu, Tlie
tiiiril Mniintaliis nf .Mexicn (the Uncky Miiiiiitiiiiiii') ..re full i.t
I t-riiy hears (I'l'siis tern.v, <.i'«i» anil Cliirkc), tail ilnn'i minnpi t.
■■ nii'l> III iili'ss t«n nr iiinre of \i.ii are tijiitlir. Wl.ieiir
sees one nf tluse |:i>;iii,tic filh.Ms i,,r tl„. tji^t I ii.e i„i,y , ...iiy
I lose llis >i'll 1 e-iiiiai, anil, if he inih-is his k. ii li la I'l el ll'c
elaws nf In. fi.riniis iiiiiiij:..ni.l will inre him i.l h's 1. ve 1 1 >| . n
I. .r ever. Tie swiltinss el this aiiiii 111 cm 1 1 ils tliiil ii| i|„ 1 1 1 .|.^
anil when he i, iinj;ry, l.e i|iiii,. li ms his m laiiiMc ii|„ nin.in.ul
lli> ears di-iii pi ur, his hitic i\c. th >li ti,,., ..ml ,,11 .an -.-o
linthin- l.iit tii'ihiiiiil Mliiiiii: lyihaili.. W la 11 I Hint will, mnio
while, liii'.iii-h the lii.ik.i .Men ins, 11 li w \i iirs niin," n niiim,.,}
111.' lili.ck lliiiM'i, "I I. ml (lie (,) Ilo,. iiaxperaiiiKl iinniert
with me, 111.(1 le swore l( ml ,iii.i^:li tl.i.t he wiiilil i.tlmk the
llr-l LM'iiy hi'iir he (inlil me. Jle tliil ki cp his weiil, l.ut !,<;
tli..ni:lil liini..i'lf iiiniii i.lv Iniky tn ckii) e with his li'lc, .md I
will answer li.r il he will iMnk Iwiie lidiire lie iillncu'ii pny
hear iipiili. \\v hud pitihnl lair iiii p, ii.i th,. mke at ( ni linrsi'il,
i.|ia(.'rieii 11)11. ilnw Miir the tut i.l u mi imiien. «]„ 1, wi. l.nil
uhi.iit a thiMi.uinl pmis to (.'n to 11 e s| 1 in^. In m « |,„ |mi ,. Ii leheil
the water fironr liiile iiikuiiii 111 skins. 1 hiil ).i,iii. In tin-
sprini; lor this |iiirpoiie with thi. j;i,,ii ynnij, fi'.w^ mil «„g
just stonpini.' Ill I'liteli tie iiiikliij: i-lni'iii, « I m «,. l,i,|h siiil-
ilinly iii'i'ccivcil (.lie of tl.ise niUar (;ni\ hi.iis. who, lla.^l likelv
altiiietcil l.y our l.eiMs, wiis tri.tlinj: IomuiiIb the rmiip, I hut|
111! weapnn with lie I ill a l.i r>i -pistil .11 my jriiille, Im niv (diii-
p.inii'ii hull pot h... llie, iiid. III s) lie el I'l y wan 11 L. 1 1'l liict'd
llim-i'lf .sn us 111 le al.le tn );(t 11 (jiiil shot ni il,. h, i,,^ „!,,, „.. j
iippri.ai'hiii^' n» tn m the wiihiMil i.idi', 1 sti id l.y 1,,,,, ,vl.ii'
wniilil happen. 'the i,l.i I wus find; the hiur i-li'innk l.iiiMll
ti'L'ether, hut, the 1 ext 11 1 11 1 I.I, 1 lisl eil ut iln. imhiikv l.l.lilii',
wh.. wii. now iiiiiiiii.;: liifl > 1.111^:1', CM Ml (,k hjn 1; h w s'np.. fun!
where I was ftiii (lii!^;, ilin w h.iii ili wii, nnd iii.siiintly ton uwi.\
llie half of his fl 1 n ilcr villi lis luth lie «iis ji'i..| ^.niii" I'l
.sei/.e him II tcilliil line wl.ili 1 h]i|il(; to thdii, piii ihe w.mAt.
of my pistol to tl.c iii.).i if Ills 1.1 ck, and. net will out |i|iiij;ii oi
woiimliiiL.' the iiiiiii in the ^Kaiiiil. lin I, 'I he luiir lell i|. ml, aid
my cnniriide wi.s niMil, I nt in mcli u dephmihle slate ll.iil «i
had ii. stay in that place li r tevdul wieks I iloi'f lit huk iihle tc
mniint his horse."
"Caplain I'luver," l.n lie in one of his uiulilnrs, " I liuve liiurd
that even the 11 (.st i x] triii.iid l.niiti r iiiiiy eiiiie ill' si. oil in a
sciillle with Mil h all l'|:l.\ clisUli.d is tint. \i ly liki 1\ MUl liiiiy
liiii.w the ('anicliiiii ^ illi.i iliii , I e is tlele.l w Idle hniiler ill I he
Vellnwstniie Kivcr ; 1 1 is u liei tiap| i r. 1.1 d iilwiiys will he II the
Irupper, though tie 1 nr 1 1 n pi.i \ el .>.i. 1.. ni- hm",. n uiie him the
most splendid elhrs to sidiie hi? .scrvicis. He jjiiiiiiillv lives
niiioii^' the ^ii.iix, f. r l.e lii.s ii.uirud a wdnuii liini i.iiiniicst
tiii'in. One imiiiiti^'. when lie wis riiliiij: out to have u look
at his lieavir-trai's, he had to hn uk his way tl,ronj;li soine
tlii.'k Imi.Iics that (.'lew on ii \.\^\\ h. iik al.ove a Miaill river.
lie was i;.iiiii.' iili.iiL'. piisliinp liuik the t«i>;s Willi thcliarnl
of his rule, and kniiini.' uii i\e in tic Inn k, hIhh all at
oi ce he Iniinil himself clox' to u ^iriiy old slic-hdii', who n so
instiinlly and ilaKlied Iniiinisly at the horse, us he '.vas
..tin^'^liii^ with the slirnhs and luishcs . one hlow of ;iei
colos.al paw was eiinULiii lo hr. ak I. is hack, and tothinw \'illiiiidrie
down the hrook and his ritle into ll.c wutir. 'I line halt-j;niw n
enhs now occupied iheiiiM'ives with the pour si i ii(.mlii,jr \,itrf<.',
while their r:i;.'iiiu' mother nishid toMiiuis \illai.diie, iiho wie.
iu.t u'etlinir "p; hut liefore he V. 1 well diawii his lonj; kiiili', the
h.'ur's claws wen' mi his h'ft arm and shonlder. Hi. rif;litiiiiii
he Ci.uld still move Ireely, and he jjiive sliih utter slab in the i.('( k
111 his tierce enemy, "ho did not for that lelux her \:n\v, mil
tried In c Itch the kiiil'i- with her tcetli. At evei \ inoveineiit he
made, she seemed to dii; dcipcr into his shonlihr and ,iriii. 'Ihe
sti'iii.'i:le had not lasted a ininulc. when the sandy hank siiddetdv
u'avc way, and down the coinhatants went into the water; fortii-
nalely f.ir Villaiidrie, for the sudden cold bath imult- the hiiir
let >.'o ; she returned In her eiilis, and left her niaiiirlid anliip.nist
t.i s;et away us well as he could. The next day he reached .*<ioux
vill.im", very much oxhausteil from loss ot blood, but ;.e got .ir
Mounds toleral.ly healed, anil is still eonsiilered the liest white
truii)icr on the Yell.iw Stoi.e."
.\ fcarlid story ot* a madman and a licar istolil by Mr. Atkinson
in his "Orientid iiiiil Western Siberia" ; —
" 1 paase.l places w here I'-art'ul encounters with these amniulg have
i !
m
T'
][ 'I
I'i
m
AtL ROUND TiiR \rnRr,n
/•'(ic HV;i< <if llu' riiiti'il Stiiti-i. wliilr till' iiiMii> ilii' r\|iciliii(iii, .inirr (^ii|itiiiii JdliM Piilli«'r allii
iin|KiilMMl .*'(/(• I(V,«< (pITiipiiula iiMiiiiinl np|ii|i;ir:ilivily liis iiHHu.i ti'-, Lieut lilikislnii uinl I'r llictdi', «ii'
imkiiiiwii. 'I'liiis the ^ficiil |in>li|iMi 111' a |iii>-,ii,'i' w illiiii ili^p ili'liiil !iy IIct Majr-lv'i ( iiivi riunriit ti Miivcy
|liili:<li ti'iM-ildi-y a<tiis.s till' IJiicky MiMiiiluiiis iillinil lln' vvaliT |>arliii;{ lictwiM'ii tlu' Imihium i>( the .MixHuiii'i
it-ii'lt' tci lii.M iiiiml. Ill' iiili'i'tiiiih'ij a nulinii 'jf ami Su'-kati'lii'wuii rivii--, and to i'X|i|iiri' the paitttcM nl'
unilrrtakiii^r a Jiniriii'y t'cir tliis |iiii|in-ii' at liin own tln' liiukv MoiintaiiiH, williiii imr iiv.u tcniturics A
.'X|iriiNi'. iiiiij lia'l ('(iiiiiijiiiiii'ati'il with the Ituvai lii'n stirviv was, at th ' taluo tiiii ', I liii;^ 'ariicii on iiiiili'i
;'ra|iliiial Sociily 0,1 ihr >iihir(t, when, ihi' iiiattiT tlu' iniiiniaiiil nf la.'ut •< 'nhilicl llawkiiiH, v. Im was cn-
I'liiiiiii^' to thf kliowliilui' of tht> Colonial Scri'i lary, o|ii'ialini,' with tlu AiiKlo-Amcricaii mirvyoi;' in ilr
•Mf. l.alioiirhiTi', MI. ari'ani.'iiiicnl wiii I'lliTtrd I', i- lining; uirniati ly, ami, it' |ios>ilih, liy inaiki'd iihyniial
t'lii'ilitatun,', liy a |inli!i( (.'I'aiit, an i'nti'i|aisi' ol' miiIi t'.atnii.s, the liunndary luiwiin tlir Jiiitiuli |ioss(vs»ions
imtioiiai iin|ioftanits; \u:\ on tliii 'Jtl. 'it' May, ISO'', iinil tliiMO of tli^^ Uuil^'il States, lying to the '..•oat if
.jf. .;'.'% y ■'
i
0''
-:. F
FIGHT BETWEEN A BULL AND A BISON.
tlia traits to lie oxj)1ori'il hy Captain Pallispr, mid tor- | Cnptr.i Pitlisci's .-Xj-dition lol> I.iviipoid ni tliC
nunatin;; in the I'anlic. to the simtli iil l''ra:-.i-T l{i\or, \ \mh\n steanicf, <.n tbe loth '<{ .May, 18.J7, and
fsun Juan, uiiil Vancouver Island, ; landed :.t New Y .rh o!. the SStli of the aam: month.
liiki'M plnir. A v r;; liiru'C luit liail liii'i. sivi. liv tlii' M-iiKl-^'iltiTs
.ill' ut liltit'n viTsts Cniiii tlii- >.'iilil iiiiiiri iiiiil Win iiicii, 11:, c 11
Ittinli'r lit 111 in ^Tfiit r'|iuti' t'lir liis il;iriiijr iiijil sl,ili, ili'tiTiniiiril Id
aiiikr Iii> :n'i|ii;iiii'..tiii'. .\ttiT wjiinii'rintr iilimit tipr sunn* tinir tln'v
fill. II' ii|i 'ii ill.- tf.ii'l;,i[uiti' I'ri'sli nn llu- Iuiil' ili'wv ^.Tiish. Mr wms
cviilt'iitlv iK'.ic; tills inmle tlii'iii riuitl'iu-*. iiiiil tliry ]tri'|Kiri'il Tor
nitiiiii. I'li'si'iitlv II jiiuil irri wl s;iliitril llu'ir viirs, tlii'ii nut lii'
hlT'ii;: fri'in a tliii-ki't jlmiit thirtv-tivi' imi'i's liistaiit, wIiitl' lii'
tt'i.a ^luirthi;: till' Ih'itzl' anil i-veiiij; tlu' iiitniiliTs.
"Till' ImiitiT liri'il, ami till' liiiU .a rack Init nut in a vital }>;irt. In
an instant tin unnmli'il aiiinial cliarp il , tin- otln-r man, ulio was
li'ss I'VluTii'iii'i li, ri'MTVrll Ills siint until witliiu twi'Ilty parrs. Till-
rilli' niissi'il tin': at nnri' tin' lirutc raisi'ii liinisi'lf on iiis liiral Ii'l's,
aiiil, ti'ariui: till- la'-ili In'ticaili liiin, rusiail .111 liis first assiilant,
Htr Kinj; liiin I'liiMi witli a liliiw tiiat stri)i|iiii Iiis sralp anil turni'il
it ovir Ins I'luT, till a sii/ing his arm lii' Ijt'gau to ({iiuw and umsli
it to tlie bun , T.; .U;;1V; .rrcnliut.' to tlie l.mikl T. Tin' I'.an
I'alli'il ti- l.i. ciir.; .niiin tr '.naiS ann tin" but tlie li'llmv, wlipii
111' saw hi.. tri.n'.A sc fearfully riMigloil, ran way .n.l left liim to
his 1: to.
I.at if. tlr "('niui; ho r.Mii h il tlic I'nlil mine, anil n'porti'il wlii'.t
hail li .jjn'iKsl ; but it wan tmi Lite to make any etfnrt on behalf if
the man^'led I unt' r Th" otiu'er :mleti'il a lar^'e inrty out at
ilaylit;lit the nest niiiruiiiL', "itli llie enwanl for a i;uiih': he tisik
tliiin tliniui.'h th- forest where the eueounter hail taken plaee, of
«liii"i there .^till leinaiiu'il aaiple eviiliiiee; hat no rcniains of thu
vliiini Were met with, exeeptiuL' smne loin I'lotlns nnil his rille.
liy the st:ite of the jrrass it was evident that the man had U'l'ii
earned off into the thek forest. A niost dilip'ni seareh was
then made; mimetimes the traeli was lost, hut the pin'suers of the
ln'ar wen' to-. well-sl,ll|e I in « l.T.ifl to he filled, ami at letiiril,
iliseovered his larder, lie had drogtjud thu hunter iutu a duiiaa
'
.1 I
• ■
I; !
n
i i
NJiil
MM^
■
11
i I
., 1
*
13.
I '
'p: 1
li i
tfROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACiPIC.
m
On tlic 2ii'l (if .Tmir, the- tnivcllcrs started fur IMmit,
rill Kliuira and tlio Ni:ii<aiii Fulls. Tlicv wcii' (tttaimil
several days at Detioit, as tlie steamer to the Saiilt
Sle, Mai'ie had imt yet returned ; she, Imwever, arrived
on Satiinlay, the Gth, ri'lmrtin;,' niueh ie(( still fluatin;,'
(111 Lake Superidr. and also that Sir (le(irne Siui|is(in
was still iletaine(l at the Sault St(\ Marie by the ice.
On their arrival at the latter s|)(il,((n the lOtli of.Jime,
tliey found two hireh eanoes and sixteen rowers wait-
in;,' ; and arran;;eiiients were made, with th(^ e, |itaiu of
the .steamer, to take thcni u|) with nun. hoats, lujlgagc;,
*ml all. to Ishi l:..y.ile.
Owin;; to tJie l.ileU' s:? of the se.'ison, Lake Su|ic.-iiir
I was found to be rrnwdcd with floatintr iee, offering
^'reat dilllculties "vc: to a steamer, whieh eanie on
lields (if ice, and was ultimately oblige 1 to make its
way alon^ the north shore of the 'ake, deviatinj; seventy
miles from its course, so that Isle Koj-ale was only
reached on the l^ith of June.
Ilen^ the boats were launched and loaded, and their
party started in the i amies, reaehint; the month of the
Kaministoiiuoiah at nightfall, and Foit William at ten
, |i.m ; and where they learnt tli.it Sir (ieoitje Sim)i.son
! li.id (inly preceded them eleven day*, having been eight
' (lavs fill the north shore of [.ake Supeiiur, whwrB his
caiiii" h. i been broken irii the ice.
IXlTnUX INDIANS MRE-FISHINI
On Saturday the loth ot
some miles from tli(^ Fort, and
arii\c(l at the month of the W'hiti
Imie. they encamped t f'.iptaiii l\illiser halted here, ad'ordim,' to his instnic-
lU Sundav.ihe lUli, i tions, and oriiaiiised a jiarty, coii>iMin^' of himself,
ir, tliici^ vo>- ,^eurs, and three Indi.iiis, and
Fish Kiver. ' l>r. Ilecti
I
ni!is-i<tf wiMiii iiiul liiis)n's, luul tti ri'iiiU'r tin' iiluv s;ill innrc si'i-uri', |
liiiil I'roki'ii "tV a ^ri'iit ([imntity ol" ImuM'hi'H tiii<l !n".t|nvl tin-iii nvrr
liisi'<.il\. 'I'lit'sc wtTi' (juirklv Mrippcil uiV. \vln*ii, to tlu-ir ^;IVllt
siirpriM'. lin'N fmiihl tlu' iiiiiii, llnm;;li iriji hi fully MiiUilali'iliilnl tjiiitc
iu->iiisililf', rttill living'. Tuti Inii^' pnli-.H wvn' iiiiiiiiHliiilily I'ul, to
u liii'liMuiiUo ilntlHUtri' M'furnl in tin' uiiil'ili- ; oui'iiurM' \\;i< pliUTtl
ir tnmt, up*.(lhT nt tlu' li.u-k. iinil tin* oiuU ot' tin* polrr- sirnnMl to
till' s(i' iiip'i, till?, fonniiii; ;i vitv im^v rntivryiuuv. Tlu' sulK't'tT
wii-H pliinil on rill' Miiillcrlotli-, ami cirrtully propjud up, mnl
I'li'ii tl,i'part> marilu'.lhiick ih last as povsiM,.. ( )n tlnir iini\al
hi \\w p.M !•'•" ■, 'u' wan taken ilircrt to liu- luwpital : tito (l^rtor
droKtcd lii!t '.voii:>'l!<, aiul ndiiilnlottnil all his iiiotlii'al Hkill and
klmlru'BH )..'iMnptiHt ; liU pailt-nt sni'vlvi'il. luit loni; n'miuDOil i
uncoiKi-ioiH of tviTyt-liiutr aruunil liitu. Atlrr luuiv tliau twu I
Hith-* iiiitl «-lii[Hi'ti, a sl'u'lil iiiipruvfuu'nt t-" k plair, and Ids
rcasiiM appcan d to lit' resti.ivd. Ilis tir-l i|iu'sti»)n uaK uImiuI tlic
licar, and tiiun lu' n-ti'md to uU own ilt tVat. Hi' spoke uf iiotliiti^j
lUf.ar.d Wan constantly askinir lor his ritiu to ^n and kill * Michael
Ivanitch ' (tlie K'ar). The nudiral nun tlnaiLdit his ndnd «eri-
tmsly utleeted ; as lie uMincd f-ireiiL'th. there aroM- in him jo great
a drsire to have another eondvit will. Ms poutrfnl Hiid fenteimis
( neiiiy, that it w;t!i considered necessary to phiee him lUuJer some
nstraint.
" 'IhesnninuT had passed over atidnutnmu Iiatl arrived, tlie froit
had seorehed the folia^'e, cha.iL'ink' it intt) jroldi n and eriun*on
hues, II hi as it wan now thou:;lit Ilie piMir luiuitie had for^ntteu
hiMtidvf itnre. '''s^ vij^ilaueu was i-xerrivtl toward* Iniu, The ojijMir-
tuuily v>Ai iu>t k>st, t^M- Lv MMUvtly leit the* I nipitttl, And 0tari«U
I'f[ '
1
\
■ i
i
1
1
1
i
j
it
i
6
M
ascenclfd tho\\Tiitp Fisli Rivor. TTo cliusc smiill liirrli
oaniii's, on ;ii-iMiiiit t'f tlicir drawirii; Imt very little
watiT ; tliry ccMiid iiicicly iMiiy t«c> |i.iililU'is and (Hic
|itiss('ni:i-i' iMcli, wliilf tlif tliiiil, witli t\V(p paililliTs,
tdiik (Uc ])ri)visious tor the iMiity, coiisistiuj? of I'i^'ht
]>i'o|ilo ill all.
Captain I'allisci' says lu' can ivailily iiiidi'istaiiil wliy
till' fxisti'iiio of tlii> river lias lircii dcidt'd, as it .
mouth could lie easily iiasscd uiioliserved liy tliosr or.y
travi'lliiii; in caimes on tlie KaiiiiMi-toi|iioiali, (i«in-, to
its taliiiiu; a suddi'ii licnd liet'oiv ll..«iii^' into tliat river.
an<l, tlieret'ore, ajijpearing iiineli like a recess i f tiie
Kaininisto({iiniali.
The White Ki.sli River varies in lire.idlli from l\ rt\ to
sixty yaids. an<l is live t'eet (lee|i at Us month, lui' is use
less for pnr|Kises of nuvijjation, owing to tiie ''.eipien^-y
of the nipids. They punted np a considi . ddo portion
;it the stri am at intervals when the '.ipidity of tlie
river prevented tiiem from paildliiiij;. 'n the tirst day of
their jonrney up the river ,i very large tree tell on one
oftlH'c.ii s and d;i.shed it to pieces, Cipiain I'alli.ser
iiinisclf narrowly escaping liv jumping out ot' tlie way.
The rain was very scviie, and the men very much
exposed, being uliliged t'reipiently toget out up to their
middli's in w.iler to assist in hringing up the canoes.
Owing to the accident which hefcl th(! Iioat with
tlie provisions, they were obliged to return the m^xi,
day.
Captain Palli.ser and Dr. Hector si.irted accordinu'ly
oil foot at six a.m., June 14th, straight through thick
wciods, in ihe direction of the KalLsofthe Kakelieka, dis
t.int twenty-seven miles, taking two Indians witli them,
and sending liack the remainin;.' canoes with the third ;
IndiMnandthe three voyageiirs to the camp lit the |
mouth of the White Fish Kivcr. with directions for the ,
whole p.irty to go on to the Falls of Kakebeka un (
meet tin-Ill tliere. i
On leaving the course of the White Fi>li Iliicr, they
ascended a steep bank, into a region ot larch woods ;
and, contrary to their expectations. Ibiind no ditliciilty
in pushing I'orwanl at the r.ite of three and a-lialf miles
tliioiiiih the country intercepicd betwei-nthc White l''i>h
and K imiiiistoipioiah Kivers ;aiid :f lliey ,ay, they could
take tl cir experii'iice of th.it poitioii of the coii.itry for
a fair average of vlie whole, tiny do not apprehend any j
dillicnlty in connecting, either by means of i-ailroail or
a common road, the country aroninl Fort William with
the eolith slioiv of .Sturi;e.iii Lake; b'lt the accident
which occiiiied to the bo.il and provisions took place
bctoie iliry rc.iclied the \\ iter parting whicli must
liece-sarily exist between the he.id of White l''i>h
River uiid the waters whicii Hov into Lake Winipeg; j
ofi'f'ir li!s cottiict All the family In-in^ iiti-iciit, except some \iii' ip i
• liil'li'M, III' u;i!i cnalili'il t<i M'i'iirf lii^ rillc mid aiiiiiiuiiiti il
|iii)viile lii.iise'.f "iili un nxe iiiiil a lent' iif liliirk lircacl, whu'li lu'
^t(^l■ll ill his waili't. Tliiis iiiiiicil mill piiivi^iniiiil In' Irli i'-
\il!.iirc ill ilic evi'iiiii,' with, lit In iii^; m cii, cic. ^l' li_v tlio cliiMnii,
Ulul VMIS s ."!l I.inI tcl tlll'lll ill till' I'ill'ht.
" '■ .1 it HIS (li«i-..vi-rcil tlial lie liinl i M-ipnl. pc"iili' witi' s.'iil
out i.i viiri."i> ilinrliniiii tn r..-i k liiiii, Imt tlifv ntaninl Hitimnt
tiiiii. M.iic li.aii 11 wnk iiassrd ,,wi-, iliiriiij; «liirli iintliiii.' Iiml
ln-i'ii lu'iml cif liiiii, wliiMi oiic (l.iy he walktil into the liiis|iiliil [
Ciirryiiij: tlie >kiii nl' ii htij;,. lil.uk iM-ar on his sliiniliicrs, mid
lhni«i:i;.' i- (iiiivn he i-xcliliiliiil: ' I ti.lil ymi I wnlilil liiive liiiii.' ,
'Ihia iii.iii was 11 tiiii .1 Imntrr; it was iint n s|iitit iil ri'V.'i'L'c ■
whicli priimptid liiiii lu thin ikiniii: net. 'Miu f'iict \\:\», h.' .-..iiM
ll"t lirmik tiic iil.-;i 111' II ili'lillt. Nnw his ii'iHilalinll was re olil-
lilishisl, he ».i. liappv ; his ln'iillli \mi« iii.'aiii ri'stMreil, imr was this
ih. 1 i-t l„.,ir that tVli hif.iiv liis >tcahliv litle." '
ALL ROUND TflE WORLD.
mil then-fore it still remains to be scon what atnotint
if dillieiiUy to overcome the water jL-irting will piesent
itself at that point, compared w ith that which it idl'ei-s
both on the Old Portage Itoiile and the Nortlieru
I'ortage Itoiite, which they have followed.
All this time hea\y rain fell with little interiiiission,
and detained them for sevi-ral days after they had
arrived at the Kakebeka Falls.
On the L';!rd they leached tlie lieiglit o land, and
nr-xt morniiiL" crossed the Savannah I'ortage info the
S.-ivannah liivcr, and commenced the descent of the
watci-parting tow.irds J.ake Winipeg.
till the 1st of duly they arrived at Fort Frances on
J/ic la I'liiie or Rainy Lake; and, while at breakfast in
the fort, a large number of Indians fornied a dejiutatioil,
headed by their chiefs witli tlit-ir soldier.s, and led by
the old chief of the Lac la J'liiie nation. It .seems
that they had heard a riininur of Captain Ralliser's
arrival, ami had organised this deputation for some time
])reviously.
The old chief assnined an unusually high tune on
this occasion, and his liaiangne contained in it more
than the mere ovdinary itnagery with which tin y make
speeches tiir the .s.ike of obtaining presents. He said,
" 1 do not ask tor pre.setils. nltlioiigh J am Jioor and my
people are hiiiigiy, but 1 know t.hi.t you iiave come
straight from the gnat connlry, and w.- know that no
man from the Cireat t^neeii eve'- ca'.iie to lis luiii lied.
I want you to declare to us tnitiifnily wliat the C>i' at
Qiieeii of your country intcnd>. to do to n;- heii .h-.!
will take the country from the Tui Coinjim _v
Allaronml me I see the smoke of tlie wldte man to
rise — the 'Lok;; Knives' {i.e. the Ainericaiis) are
trading with our iieighboirs for their land, and they
are eliciting them, and deceiving tliein. Kow, we will
not .sell o, part with 'nir lands."'
It was of no use to try and cut him .--liort by any
itssuninees that ho was not <in)iloyed to treat for the
sale of his lands, and Captain I'alliser told him con-
tidently that if la- did not wi.sh to j'lirt with li is lands,
ai.d also if ln' and his people bi-havcd as always they
had done, that is ipiiitly and jieaceably with tlie white
faces, he would assure liim that the (^iiieii wiaild never
send soldiers to d.-prive them ot their lands by force.
Mere an Indian (not of their iiiitioii, but ot a li-ieiidly
neiglibouring tnlu-i innttercd to him in a low tone,
■' Jlake liim put it into writing on a ]iicce of jinper;
make liim, I say: and now 1 have nnd it. for it is
nothing to me uie way or the other, Imt 1 know the
whites oil tlie (her s'll" while we alt', mid 1 say make
liim jiiit it into wiitiiiu ' Rut the orator Mtid aside to
him, '-No; what he will .say lie will keep fol"
" N iw," continued lie ii'iaid, " what is to become of
iisl We have no nnr inials ; they me all gone;
and wilhoiit skins the Company will not give us goods
from their store; and only tin- the little fish we take
we wiiuld starve, and many of ns do starve and die."
Captiiii I'alliser answered that they were to blame fir
not endeavouring to inltiMite their hinds, and tinil
other icMiiirccs for inainlainiiig tlienisehes besides
liiintini.'. He answered, "Tin-re aie none to show n.s,
and we have no iniple>ii< iits to do it with." He then
i.biected to M. Iioii|-i.'e.iu collecting (ilalits. and le-
ipiestcd that I Ir. Hector should Hot take away any
iiiim-ial specinii ii> as long as tlu-y were in his terri-
tories. He also lii-i."_'i-d that tin ( llc.it t^iieeii might
be iii.idc aci|ii,iiiiteil with their unhappy I'otidition, anil
that she might know that his heart was grieved by
what amount
S will picKfiit
■vliicli it iitl'iTs
!lit' Ncjitlicni
■»
u
mm
>\
.
^ !
Ill
Uil
'i^/k. '':, :i:
■f n\\ 'h
ll' .i4:.-,l
I'll I ;i
|ll.uil' til, 1 H.^ll I
yio 'i:
'II';
;il>'10i' :■> Ij,. 1
iili'li'i-.
All tl
l>, Ul ■■'L'illlliMlll, . ■: i!
!l/l! .■•(•lllrr ■.. ll.l '11. Ml Ir.'
■■■'•'■ ' iVr. .Mil- 1) .'! '• . s,
I -JOnf..,!;,. . ni-;.;, H'.-C ■■
'•II. 1 l.lii'iv ji.ltA f..ri l-ilr.lr.rC
■i!'i tiin
ii}i.i[i;<.|is. : !T.| I
h'' 'i;;. ,1 ,,!. i
i'!)!^ ■■•■iif.'rr H-i u^lo:i ; iv.i h •
■ ' ■iTiii..., ni|,| ,1,, .'..(ll. uii'ii ii: . I,
H.-.l iri'iMilv r.-li. \. \ :,t i.h- 1 1 ,, ,,ii:.
.1 ..1. I
/if 'irt. .Ill M: ,11.
Oh
.1' 'u;v l!,.
ll !■ HUM, 111 -I .\ I, II
II ll:|* illUn-l
i,,-r..',.
II-'' MIi'l. !i ■culili,,.; I,,
i!'i I'l- ,• .vi..,| \vii(, ! >•■ ;j,
•f s !: ,i.i-. i;,,ii :. ; ,. .
■ ) r, -.I ir.l 1,1..
li'T turn i| V .[ J,
"I I .r « li.
.1. r.s.s .1. HI'
I •.:.,'... \
.1 ^> .■.,i» .1 rii
•\ ij .1 I.;. I
■ N.il tf
■ 1 111' .'I iw Ir I .11
"III- III '.,. I
;^''■l 1/ iii- w.il T
J-Wt-.
•r i-'i.. ■ fi., 1 ! 1.,
:, 1 ■ M'lv.
'■ '1^ - iri'l M!.. ■ 1 ,., , .^.,, I, >ii, t.il,
1 '. Ml... , ,i.;.,.i, til-- - A liiin .'i.|.;;iii,.
.; I'\ li.' Mill.-.. ,i\ • r '« I, .-'1 I'l.i-r. ,.
Hi liiU'.-liiTii; I, -.ii,,,,i; ,.! ,,., ,,, I , ,
>'-:.' 111.")
..I.r..,i..h
'iiii'li 1.1
(, 1,1
,-" I '.s i:ii
.-'.li: ii'iil s,;.-!-; .i
I : .wiiuT^' III «lii, 1-
'«• liiilv . ( i!, ■ ( ,
1.1' ■ -I ! f, ,| 11. in
I. tin- I'. !
11- i-\ I- 1 I
<!l|l
111;; I'.Vix I. .,•. iin.i it
iihl.i!..,!
1 will l|,-n.;i|ii
'lHltlUU'M.-fl( 1;.IL
ll' it . "I'lllHHH, ..til.lll.
"II \Vr,;i, „t;|_\ t,|lv „
ruilll-l', ill.- ll. 1 ,11, ill, .
itTnij-ii-.l
I. .1,1- \Vi„ ,
,M li.i ,1.- I--,;,-; ('.-„! -,
!'ii--i I,' I. ,, -.1 i.. ,,.
T-in!i'- In |ij„ i:.,^'. ll
!<bi>iii l.'iir '.iilc,, Hi it.ii.
i ^!
iBil
li
■■i.r^^~'<
III liii
Ill l\:]
I': :i :
,1
' 1 1
Wm
IN
i :l
iP
:«,.
PROM THE ATLANTIG TO THE PACIFIC.
Ml
rcaMiMi of nil tlinsp of liis pliililroii wild (lic.l liy liiiimcr. ' a larj,'!' iittcntivo connvcKatioii of Scnfcli [icoplo and
lli^ iiNkccI ('ii|itiiiii I'lilliscr to ]iroinisi' llint. lie wuiiM j haU'-lji-ci'ds df variolic sliailcs ami colour.
ac-i|iiaiiit tlir (irrat- (^iirfii of tlii'si' tliiiiL;s, and to sec Tlic smiiiiiiT Ihtc is very warm, and i'r(i|is seemed
lier iiim^ejf Hut lie saiitied liiiu that Im would write (|uite, Ijy llie rapidity of tlieir giviwlli, to iiiaki^ up for
Ids «orils to tlie liij; iiieu who were in tlie lialiit of the loiiij dreary winter of this country.
)- viu'.; Hood iidvicu to tin.' tjueeii, and .so they jiarted l Thunderstorms are (jffreiiueiit oeeurrenee, and th(iu;;h
Iric'iids.
All this, insi^idlieaiit as it may appear, was of some
importance to tlieuj, as the chiefs, with their old leader
iinil orator, weri' hiL'hly exc led. 'I'liere were npwarils
of L'dO Indians inside the fort, iDOof whom were armed,
apparently not .severe, yet fic(|uenlly fatal tn hiniaii
life. While Captain I'allis' r wa.s wriliiij,', a Ihisli ot
lit,ditniiii{ tell on an ln<lian tent and killed ime man
and three women ; he f >und two of them feartidly lairnt,
liUl. the remaining twn, though cpiite ili'iid, Wfre .seeui-
und their party consisted of (Ja)ptain I'alliser, interpreter, iii^dy uulnuehi'd. Captain I'alli.-^i'r deveriljcs himself
nml thrc!) coinpanioiiH, and IIk^ a;;ent ,in I storekeeper as havin;; freipiently, on 1-ai! la I'lnie and elsewhere on
of the fort. ; the route, olisi^rved the li>;litninj,' to Hash upwards
TIm^ conferenc(! lasted two hours and three ipiarters, , from the earth tn the impemliii^' ehaid, when it olteii
in which perioil ('aptain I'alliser heard and replied to presents tint aj)pearance of a fnrked !-tring of bright
five speeclies, ami the gentlemen in ehai\nc nf the post , heads.
seemed f^reatly relieved at the Indians cpiictly le.iviui;
the fort on the siiecessfnl issue of the I'out'erence
On the r)tli of .Inly they camped on .Siin;,'ecin f/aki',
at the mouth of wdiat has hitherto hecu e dli"! Stiir;'ei)n
Ciipt.iin I'.illiser enLi:i;,'i'd, on his arrival at Fort
Carry, twel\c men, thirty horse.s. two Miiall wafr^on-s,
and live carts. In conse(pu'uc(! of the tthsence of buf-
falo in this portion of the ciamtry, he was obli^'cd to
Kiver, and, accordiii}; to his instructions, (japt.iin carry nloni; with him ii considerabU' ijuaiitity of provi-
I'iiUiser starttMl with Dr. Hector to e.xplon! b.ick ai;aiu | sious, to last until thev arrived ndlicicntly far to the
in a S.I'", direction towards tho White Fish Itivcr. I westward to fill in with these animals. For this ]inr-
They had not proceeded far wIum what appeared nu'iely pdse he found the small, In avy tarts of the coniitiy not
a river turned out to bo a pa.s.sage to a very liir^'i! lake, siillicieiit , and, <'iailr.iry to the advice and prejudices
They pushed acro.ss in an easterly direction, ami of the |ii'ople, bnught two small American waggons, and
searcheil th(M)|)piisite shureforan laillet; foil ml a very ' fouii'l them most ellicient
line waterfill, ami walked up the wo.ids without sniieh ! He was not (li.sa|ip(iinteil with the class arid condi-
dillicnliy tiir about a mile and a half, when they came tioii of the hia-ses obtainc'l f<ir hini by the Jlialstin Hay
lUi aiiotlnr lake whosit dimensions nppe iri d nut tiir ('oni|)any, as he had all ahaig bei n awaic that the
iuferi'ir to those of the tirst. And from all he has halflirecds of Joil lliver had taken their best horses
.seen l)oth immediately on the route and wheie'ver he
has licviateil (which he has often cm foot fa' hours [
while the men were resting or >'o king). Captain I'alliser ,
lias come to the conclusion that the wli.ile country '
between the water parting and Sturgeon l,ake is lait a
mass of lakes and islands. The travi'i-^iug of this
countrv can only be ell'ecti'd in wiiit''r liy i ins of
sledges and snow-shoes when the lakes are fr.izeli, and
the iiii'lcrwood, tin' swamp, ami fallen timli.'r are lilleil
up bv the Slow, over which there is i.lieu no dilliculty
in travelling on snow-shoes; an I ho was aware that
this was not the proper .season I'm' carrving out tho in-
vestigation, (111 account of the lari,'e still'of men, eaiincs,
to the summer butlalo hunt.'
'Tiiis scttlcnu'iit is til'' cli'ci" ]'i'iivi>i..n 0' pet of tlic \iialsoii*8
Hiiy C«nn|i;iiiy, iunl it is mIm) lictc iliiit have quantities of
jH'UliniciUl lire |irii('un''l limn ilio li;iir-lm ctis, u Viice wlio, K('t'|iin(^
tliemsi'lvi's di.Htiiict tVnni Imtli Itidiinis iiiid W'liitcs, I<nia a trilie
nf ihfliischt'S ; alltl, ulllienL:!} tlicy liavc luinptcd snlle et tliu
niJUiliiTS tit' the FlclU'li Mixaijciirs, aie linii'li inou' iittiulicd to
tliu wiM am! savairi! inaiiiu'-.s .'f llic inl man. l-'eit Clan-y, olio
uf iliu most imp irlant c-t.ilil:r.liiiunt> ot" llic (I'liii aii\, is i ret'Ieti
on tiio fork of tliu ll.clHivir ami tlic .\i.>iiii lioiiic. in h ni:, 1)7" W.,
and in lal. TiO"-' Ii' liO" N. On tin' ii|'|iositii side of llie river is
silaatfd till' lioman (.'atliolic clinnli, and two or iline miles
tnitiicr down tlu'ic is a Protestant diinclf. 'i la' x'ltlin eiil is
mil provi-~ioiis wliicli lie wouh
hav
details ol' w hicli (i.e. those eonuectcd with runiiin
•(pUl'i
th
d.
I'l tin
fiinni'd iilon,' the hank of the livi'
i-.vlcMils liai'k to til
aliiiiit tift
v 11 lies
and
U' H
.d till
iroii;ih a woodv, swanipv
lak
e country)
Indi:
liors
Mil a clear uav
at' r, acrordiiii; to tlic oriixiinil ^rant from
far as a jhtsoii can di.-liiiLinisli a man tioiii ti
la
oulci be far better carrieil oia by a professional en-. lord Selkirk tii'sl allcmiiled lo t'onii a sitilinu'iit liereiii 1811,
er with a sullieient stalf of assistants ail I luuilierers, lait it was sp
ahando
iividing of which wi
lIlO))
be til
(Jovernmeut at homo. It is iii
Intv
,f the C
pcrliaj
IS more imiiieilia
anailiaii til. in o
f Her .M^
telN
ijesty'
"I'l"
of llie lliids
•d
llav (
tl;
le lliami'ie I'cs ami
'inpaliy, wla
l.ii'li
lilted
to bo regnsted that
id Islu'd. irui sil''sitjuently ot' I'llrcliaolij; it of his lordsliip. It
now iinndiL'i'S ahoul ;i,lloo, wlio livi' as taiii.iis in ;rriat plenty iis
tar as ini-i';
f.ii'd ami clothi
lU'e ciHU'c. lit'ii. .\s for the liixu
so nianv inihs o
should be re
)f deep
id valualilo waler carriage of lite, tliev aro aim 'st iinauainalM',
thcv have In
iirkot
ll'lei'ei
I unavailable by so gre.it a nuiiiberof
er lliaii St. I'aid'r
the M
lall
insioiiiticant portages.
Mil
if tin
(lowttvitr, uro
to I
10 overcome liv eni'ineerino
illii'iilties,
at but a '
lSnl...Slppl, II (
. 'the half-lirieds liu'
lisiance of nearly
trilling expense, ami if ever the country bei les in-
habit. 1 it will hereafter enjoy iniieli f.icility lor steam- j I'lee k
Too in les over ii trackless pi
iiniiiei'oiis tliaii the whiles, and Hinoimt to fi.OOO. 'iliese are ilio
deseeailaiits of the wiiiiu men in tin: llnd-ons l!ay Company's
eiiiployiiii'iit ami the native Indian woin.ii. 'I'liiv nil sjMak the
id the I.I
(\
boat
comninnication.
On Weill
IV, duly Stli, they
■d tin
111
il li\
Indian triht
chief I
lleh
nil y.
tla
■d (iiaiit, iiiiiih lifter ihe iiiaiiiier of ihe
lis pi
.1 1
■ tl
leiii now for II hiiij; jht
Portage, the last on the roiiti
lied
i-lfe
tin
ml w.is iniiilieiited in (he dislnih.iiu'L' which oee
id,
iiireii lictweeii
the Hudson's llav and Xortl
W,
terrnpled coinniuniciition by water all the way across I broii:;ht to Can
to Lower and I'ppi'r Fort (J.irry. am
Ijike Wini|
iisfirius Fort I'embiuaon thentl
hill 111
sutlieient <
ida eh:
ide
'd with till
~teill (.'. lllpallles.
innrdi'r of (ioverm
II
iif the frontier.
I'll,' half-hreids ar
aid h' lu-o liiei'd a.Minst him.
b w as
uinpl..
hardv
T
lu-y
ch.'.l I,'
I'r Fort (larrv on Saturdiv
llll
Ida
tho -r,
at est la
to the Fnolish I'rotestaiit (,'lii
id iv.
|iriipelisilies pre
rapalilc ' f
hat their Indian
id eon-ecpieiuly tliey make poor
lariistiips an
,1 tall,
farnuTs, m^'Ui'tiii}; their laud for ihe iiioi-e exeilinj? pleasures ol
iihout four miles distant, and were much surprised toliiid \ the chase. Ihcir hntl'.do hiiiits arc ■.laiducleil hy tliu whole tnU).
i42
ALL ROUND THR WORLf),
;'
i : r
In (irdcr to savo ns mnrli oxtr.i tnivclliiiL: as jiossiMc ' wouM serve to nernit tlie horses, whoso pasture hitherto
to the Iiiirs4's, lie sent on tour uieu, with tnur cnrts iunl huil im! hecu '^in»\.
ten hni-ses, straight to Heax er t'li-ik, with nnlers to I On li-avini,' Kort ( Jarrv. they erossed tlie river A s-
await tlieir nrrival in that quarter ; whih* Dr. Hector, ' sinehi)iMe, and proeeeih')! nj) tlie Krd lliver fcr nine or
Mr. Sullivan, and hiniselt' took the route thither, rlii ' ten miles, in a eonrse ii litth? east of south, through
Pi'iuhina and TurtUf Mountain. This arrangement j cttpse iind light tiniher. They erossed the liivcr Sail
anil tiike place twice li >i'iir, nhoiit tlio middle of Juno and
OctoU'r, ut wliieh ju'riinl iinticcs iire M-iit mutid to all tin- riiniilioH
to iiu'i't on II (vrtain ilav on the Wliitc II-tsc IMain, iibmit twenty
miles from Fort tlnrry. Wvrv the trilic is dividod into tlin'c
bands "'rtt'li takinj; a si'imrate ri)ute lor tin* jiuriMjse of falling; in
witli till' lit'nls i>f linlValiH's. TlieM* l»,iniU are nu'li aivonipanii'tl
by about noo carts, drawn citlicr by an ox or a horso. Tbeir
cart is a curious looking vehicle, niaile by tlicni>civci», with their
axles fastened tejretbcr with wocnien pins and leatlicr string's,
nails n-'t bfinir procurable. The tire of the wheel is made of
bull'alo hiile, and put on wet ■ when it becomes ilry it sbriiiks,
and is ko tiu'bt tliat it never fulls otf, a?id lasts m buit; a.Htlie cart
holds tojjellier.
IVmmican is made as follows : — Tlie thin slices of dried nn*at
are jxnnided between two sttuies until the lihres sej)ariite ; about
fiOlbs. of this are put into a bay: of bulfalo skin, with alxuit 40 lbs.
of melted tat, ami mixed tn^'cther while hot and served np,
forminu a banl ami compact niass ; hence its name in tlie (.'ree ,
lan^'uaire, }mmiui, siu'iefun^' meat, and {-mt liit Kach cart j
brings liome ten of tiiese hairs, ami all that the half-breeds (tf j
the Red Klver do not retjuire f >r themselves is eap'riy bouL'bt by
tlie Company (Iluilson's Hay) tor tlie janpose o*' sendinir to the '
more distant posts, wliere food Is scarce. {.)ne i>ouud of thin is j
coiinidered etpial to four poumU of ordinary meat, and the |
pemmiean keeps for years perfectly ptod exposed to any wi-ather. j
Ti.e liand of halt'-bred liuiiters with uliieli tlie writer wxs
ioumeyiii^ on tiieir hutfalo-lnniliii;: exp<(lition nuinlKTuil nlmut
two hundred hunters, l)esides wone-n and children. They live
durini; these hiiutiu;.' rxenr.-»ions in lodp-s formed of dressed
bntlalo skins, 'fhey arc always accompanied hy an impute of'
(lo^s, which follow thciit from the veltlenient for the iiurpOM' of l
lecihn^' <ni the nH'.il ;ind remains of the slain luitfalo, Tiic>e dtys
are wvs hke woIvc-j, Imlh in appearance and diojiosition, and no
dout>t a erossdtre-d betwci-n the wolf ami the tbijj. A ^reat
many of them aeknowl-dj^e no particular masle-, and are Home-
times daii;:erous in times of scarcity. I have myself known
till m to attack the burses, and eat them.
Our camp broke up on the foUowin;; niornin;;, and proceeded
on tlieir rouJe t*) the open jilains. The cart eontaiiiiiiL' the
Moineiianil children, and each decorated with souie llairs or other
ron-'picuons emblem nn a pole, sothatcach liunter nii;,'ht reeotinise
his ok\u from a distance, wound iilf on a continuous line extending
(or nnles. accomi'anied by the hunters >iu liorseliark
'Ihe foilowinu'' day ue jn^sed tlie Dry l>anee .Mountain, wiiere
the Indian-;, bciore fr'iin'^ on a war (tarly, h vi' a cu>to,n of
dancing and t'-i>tnii: for three days and nights. 'I'ins practice is
alwav- oliserveil by ynuu;^ warriors ir"ili^ to batt le for the tirst
line, to aci nsinni them to the privations and fitiu'ue wiiieli they I
must I Npeet to undcrpi, and to prove their stren^jth ami endurance. |
Should any sink under the fati^'uo and fastimr of this <'eremony,
tlicy are invariably sent back to tbo camp where the women and
cliildrcu remain.
After leaving' this mountain wc proceeded on our route w itliout
n.eetim.' any bullalo, allhon^h we t^aw plenty of indications nf
tiielr ha\intr been in the neighbourhood a short time pre\ious. '
Oil tiie eveniu;.- (»f tiie pei'ond day we were visited by twrlve
S'oux chiefs, with who n the balfdirceds bad been at war for
fccM-iu' years. They caiui' for the purpose of n<-^otia'ini^ a [mt-
.naneiit peace, IfUt whilst suiokin;.' ii piih' of peace iu tluir council
iodpe, the dead body td a h ill'-breed, who had ^rone to a whoit
iii-iaiire from the cam]). WIS hrouu'l't in newlv scal)n-d, and Ins
de.ilh was lit once a'tribiitcd to ilie Sioux. Tlie lialtbreeds not
leiii'^ at war with any other nation, a general feeling; of ra^re at
once sprung up in the \oun^ men, and they woubl have taken
in^ianl rcvcn;_'c, f.ir the •.uppo^rd act of treachery, upon the tweKe
cl.'i f> in ihfir jutwi r, but f -r the interference it the old and more
t> niH-ratc of tlie iiuly, who, diprce.itini: so tla^'i-ant a Ineacli of
the l.iws of ho-ipitality, I'scortid tliem out of daiiL^i-r, but at tlie
ranie time told them th.it no jieace could be coneludeil until
catisfiction was ii.id fiir the munler of their Iriend."
Three daxsalter the departure of the Siuux cliiefs, our scouts
v.erc observed by tluir cimp inions to niaki* the signal of eiien i. s
beini; in .iijjht. Immediately a hundred of the Ijcst naiunted
hastened to tlie 8|>ot, aml.concealinjjtlieniselvesln'bind the shelter
of tile hank ol a small stream, sent out two n.s dic<<y», who ex-
jMised themselves to tlie view (.f llie .Sioux ; the latter, sup]H)sing
them to be abaie, rushed upon them, whereupon the ctuiceatetl
balf-breedi sjiranp up and jMrnred in a volley umonjijst them,
which brought down eight. The otliers escaped, although severid
must have l»een wounded, as nnieli lilood was afterwards discovered
on tlieir track. Though ditlcring in very iew resjiects from the
]>ure Indian, they do not atlopt the |U'aetiec of scalping, and, in
this case, being satislietl with their revmge, they al)andoned tho
dead l)Oilies to the malice of a ^mall party of Saidtcaux who
lU'companied them.
The Saidtcaux are n band of the gr-at Ojibew ay nation, both
words pigiiifuiig ** The Juniiiers," and derive tlu'ir name from
their expcrlness in leaping their canoes over the numerous
rapids which occur in tlie risers of the vitiniiy.
The follow iui^ afternoon we arnveil at the margin of a fimall
lake, where we encamped rather earlier tl an usual for the sake
(d'tlie water. Next day I was gralilicd by the siibt of a licrd
of about forty hutfalo i ows in the distance, iind our bunt em in
full ehaso ; they were the llrst 1 bad cecu, hut were too far off
forme tojoinmthe >pi>rt. They succeeded in killing twenty-
five, which were iii!.tribnted through the camp, and proved moat
welcome to all of U", as oiir provisions were jictting rather short,
and I w:is nbiiU'lant 1\ tirtd t)f ]ieniniican and dried meat. The
fires beiu; lijhtcd with the wood we had brousjht in the carts,
the wlmle party commenceit teasiini; with a voracity which
njipearcil pe h'ctly tisunii^thiiii; to nie until I tried ni\self, nnd
loiind by experience how niuch hunting on the plains stimulates
the npp» t ite.
The npi'cr part of the bunch of the bufTal", weighing four or
five pnunds, is called h\ t'-.e Imliaiis the little hui.cb. Tliis i-* of
a harder iind more conii ait nuture tlinn the re-t, though Tcry
tender, and is usually ) ut iiMde for keeping 'I'lie lower and
larger part i-* r-tickcd witli tat, anil is very jidiy and deiieious.
i lice, witii the timgncs, are consnlered the ilvliciKJes of tho
hufl'ilo. Aliirtl'O party bad ^ort:e>i tbcueclvcs with as much
as tlicy could dtvour, they pns>e(f the evcniUL' in rousting the
marrow-lioiie.i andngdini; thcniselvcs with their <-ontents.
Kor (he next two or three days wc fell m with oidy a single
bulbili), or dnall lienls of them, but as we pr cecded th. y btcumo
nuHO frequei t ; at la^t our scouts brought in wtird ofan immense
bcnl of bulfdo 1 nils ulMuit two mdes in advance of us. They
arc known in the di-lance from the cows h\ tli»-ir f'ccdingBingly,
and being Kcatierel wider over the pains, whereas the cow* keep
together for the i.rotcetiou of calvi's, whidiare always kept in
tlie centre of tl.e herd. A liad'-hreed of the name of Mallet, who
was exceediniily attentive to me, woke nic in the morning to
Hceouipiiny bim iiia'hanceof the jiarty, that I might have tlie
opportunitv o( examining (he bnfl'ahi whilst feeding, bciore tho
conine-nccment ot the hunt. Iisix hours' hard riding brought us
within a (pnirlcr of a mile vi' the ncaie^t of the lierd. Tho
inani body stretched over tlie plain as far as the eye cculd each,
i-'orinnatily tlic wind blew in oiir faces ; bad it blown o^-^rds
the builaloes, they wimld have scented lis nuh'S off. I w she 1 to
have a'taekcd them at onci-, but my eoinpauion wnnld not al ow
me until the rest of the party canio up, ms it was eonirary to the
law of the trine. We, tlurcfore, sheltered our.»-elves fioin tho
ob-civati n of the herd behind a mound, relieving (<ur li«>rscs of
their saddles to <mo1 Ii em. In about an hour the hunters ciime
up to us, numbering nlunit one hundred and thirty, and im-
mc'liate preparations veremadc for the chase. Kvery man
loaded his gun, looked to bid priming, and cxaniinod the etU*
cacy (jf his sad<ile yirtbs.
'I'bc eider men btronj;ly cautioned the less experienced not to
t*hoot each Giber, a ciiution by no means unnecessary, as sneli
ace dents freipienlly occur. Kach hunter tlien filled his mouth
witii halN, wliieli li» drops into the gun without wadding, by
t IS nil ans loading miieli quicker, imd being enabled to do so
wiiiUt his horse is at t'ull ^pee<l. It is true tJiat the gun is more
iia)>le to burot, but thai liiey do not !>eem to mind, nor does lh>}
gnu carrv so far or so true ; hut that is of less conBCtpieiicc, as
theyulwa\s fire quite cloiie to the unimal. Everything being
PnOM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC.
Md
liiiij; four or
'I'liifi i-i of
tlionnh very
L' Io«or iiiul
mI (k'iii'idus.
IK iv* of llio
nil IIS inui'li
OHsting the
tonts.
r.ly a single
an iintnt-ii^je
u». They
'liin^ singly.
It' I'livv- kt't'p
iiys kept in
lliiUol, wlio
[lllnrilillfr to
lit Imvo llio
bi'Tore tint
tiroiiglit 119
lierd. Tlui
■t uUI I'lU'li.
wn iiV'.rJs
I w ylic i to
I ntit hI o\v
niry to tlio
H fllllll fllV
ir li'trsi'8 of
iittT)* ninio
:, und iiii-
CviTv ninn
d the illi-
|ci'(l not to
, a» siii'ti
liiis inuutli
lidding, by
II to do I40
lun is niori)
pr dors tb'i
Luoni'i', in
ning being
nlno niilos from Fort flarfy, a river about twi'iity-fivo
yards wiili", liiil not |i\it ilowii (in tlii' iiia|w. SJKirtly
afti r this tln^v oiiinni'il im tlio open j)rairio, ovrr a wcll-
(Ictiiu'd roail, iinlicatiiii,' a tar j,'reat('r amount of tratlic
than iio hail oxpeilcil to lind.
♦Jwiiifj to till' jH'iiili.ir ilistrilmtion of tlic wooil,
which consists chiilly of tine oali-lfcis, cnnlini'il |iriii
cipally to tlio rijjlit liani- of tlic rivor, tlic tortuous
course is very distinctly iiiai': ■ ! liy juttiii;,' promon-
tories, called liy tiio )iciiple "points." Captain I'alliscr
oliserved that tlie iii;riciiltiiiai n 'O'lrces of tlie country
wen; not nicreiy conlined to Kcd Hivei- settlement ;
for the country tlirou;;h wliicli they passed assumed
fully eipial, and in some )iliices even superior, iidvaii
tunes, lieing more elevated aliovc the river. lie hail ;
an opportunity of noting the nature of the soil, wiiere
a settler was diiijiinn for marl, aliout six tiet ileep, and
Hjjain at I'emoinu, where he had a speei;il examination
made. It consists of aliout one tiiot of lilack vej^etalile
monlil, restim; on a free clay loam of a lii;ht ;,'ray
colour, liiit very delicieiit of sand Thi' hanks of Hie
rivers in this countiy are composed of remaikalily teiia-
cinus clav mud, rcmlerin;,' access to tl i very ditlieult,
anil ^reat care is reipiired in )ias>iiiL; a carl or wii;;i,'nii
iicro.ss. On the l':.'iid, they erosvil Hiviirc ipii (Irate,
citiiated tliirly-eiuht mihs south of Fort (iaiiy : this
river, as well a.s the lliver Sail, they passed in iiontoons.
The ferrvman was a very intelligent American, who
had rei'ciitly arrived in the country l>y a route from
the Lake of the Woods, following the cour.se of Kced
(irass Kiver.
ifc dcsciiheil the first twenly fne miles, west of tlie
l,ake of tlie W l.s, as lieiii^; llat and swampy ; he
partly [laddled and partly drai;u'cd liis canoe over a
slightly rising eonnti-y, until he reached Itecd (Iniss
Lake, out of wliiih a river tti' the same iiaiiii' Hows ;
the coiintrv aliout the head waters of this river is
swampv : luit the lower half of its course, according to
his account, flows through a dry and liiiely-wnodcd
ooiintrv ; he liesciihed the river as shallow and swift,
only lit for very small canoes.
Captain I'alliscr idiscrved huge pieces of diiftwood
scattered alioiit the higher spots of the prairie, indi-
cating the extent to w Inch the wliole country is Hooded
in spring ; hy ineasurement he ascci'tained that, last
.spring, the water rose thirty live feet aliove the present
level of the stream, and it is liy no means unusual for
the tlood to reach ten feet higher. Oppositi' Fort
reiiihiua, the river is alio'it eighty y.iids wide ami
twelve feet deep ; in ilry se.isons it tiills live t'ect lower.
From .Mr. Iddings (an American civil engineer) he
ascertained that the river is liftccn feet ihep, two hun-
dred miles farther np ; hut there its widih is reduced
iiiijiiftrd, we nil widlii'd our liorsoa lowards the .iri-d. Uy the
linii' »e liiid none aliout two linndrcd ui-cN, the lienl perceivnl
;.*, mill ►tiirted oil' in ihc ii|.|io..ilc direclion at the lop of llieir
?piTil ; we now pill our liorses lo tlie I'lul cnllop, ana in twenly
niuiulei were ill llieir midst, 'llieie could not i live been less
than lour or live thoiisaud in our iiiiineaiutc viciniiy, uU bulls,
iii't a siiiL'te cow amongst tlieiii.
The fciiie iio.v be.iiine one of iiitenso eiciteineiit : the liiiKO
bulls thundering over I lie plains in Inadlong confusion, whist
the fearless hunters roile recklessly in their nil 1-1, keeping up an
ineessant fire ut but a few virds' distiitn-e from tiieir vieliins.
I'pon the fall of each biilia o, the sueeesslul liniiter nicreiy
tlirowfl some article of his apparel — often oarr ed by hiin
solely fur lliat pnrpise-to denote his (n\n prey, iin<l tlieii rush
on to another. 1 hc-e iicirks are seareely e\er di^;iiile I, Im'
slioiild a don't uri>o as to the ownership, tlio carci-s is c.ju.illy
divided ui"oiig lb.; vluiinaiits.
tn ninety feet, and the frei|uciit oceurreiice oi shaip
bends in its coiirsw would make it dillicult to ascend in
steamhuats.
The nioiilh of I'cmliin.i River, which Hows fioin the
west into lied River, is situated aliout two miles Muith
of the hoiindary line. Upon this river, at a distance
of aliout twenty live miles from this, Ca]ilain I'ulliser
wiLs iiitiinneil tiiat there is a thriving American town,
called San .losid', which, owing to its recent estalilisli-
ment, is not yet re.'ooni.sod ju the maps.
iMr. Iddings also informed Captain I'alliser that a
land company, liy whom he was employid, intended to
liiiild a town at this |iiiiiit, and estahlish a railway
statiyn. As yet the place is hut a wild waste. The
1 Iiidsoii Hay Company's Fort, where they were residing,
was a Very small estalilisliment, and the American one,
situated ahoiit two miles on the other siiL' of the
present line, is still smalloi- and more wietelied in
a|ii)earance.
It, however, )irofe.sses to bo a post-oHico, and carries
a mail, .said to lie a monthly one, from St. Paul's; but
as tin' postn. aster was away, and had left the jilace
under c.ire of aii Imlian woman, who spoke no other
language hut her own, Ca|ilaiii Palli.ser could not tiirm
very accurate ideas as to the safety of any letters com-
mitted to its care. Still, liowevcr, he was induced tu
forward despatches on the rssurance of tin intelligent
half-lii-ccd, who told him that tlio post oHict; there was
'• a very lucky one."'
I The rriilily of this town, and the lite about and towards it,
ii voii -hed fur by the iieeoinpaiiv nn; eMra.l frmii a reeenl Rdl
Kivcr Sellleliieni new-p.iper- l From the .\(,r - U'l.^ln; Nov. I.'i)
— \Vc have, Hitluii llie hist few days, rceived iiitehigeine oi all
iiwt'nl eii-e of sullc'rinj on the plains. A parly wa^ i delv.joiiri ey-
ing Iroin St I'aiil to I'embina A priest, stalioiied at I'eiiibii'a,
who Has Iravelliiig in their eoii.paiiy, left tiieni .soiiicwhere
iilioiit thedniiid forks to eoinc ahead. On the 2iid iiislant,
when wi'liin hvs Ihnn a diy's journey ofliis desliiiiiiinii, he was
overtilU'ii by a fcarfiil snow-slorin, luiil. losing hi:, way, got
niired in that slouiih of despond, tlie givind marias, other suio
I'enibina. lie li:id Hi lie or iioiliiiig lo eat, and but an old robe
to cover hint wiih. When lie got into this swamp, his horse,
being ill very )ioor eondition. wiis unali'e to get tliniiigb il, ami
lay down and dud the li:sl ni^lit. Why tlio iirie«l did not make
a gre.il ell'orl toexIri'Mle hiniM'll' and pusli on to I'eiiibiiia, not
more than ten or twelve miles distant, seems almost nnaeeount-
alile. He was, it appe.irs. short sighted, and may from this
eansc have lieen deterred Ironi setliiu out on foot ; or, perhaps,
; lie th light his parly wniiUl soon eoiiie np lo bis relief, .Vt all
events, he steins lo have nbaiul nieil all hojie tif gelling any
I lariher, unaiili'il, anil laiil liiniself down besiile bis hor.se, under
a pt'irnig sho.ter of snow ami ii pit reiug northern blast, both of
wliieh liistt'il forty eight hours, lli^i agnny can be belter iiiia-
giiieil than ile-erdifil. .No t'uitl ihorongbly drenched— colli
I r.ieUiug bis frame -the near pro-peet. of a ini-eralile death — all
' combined to produce the gloomiest (les)iair, lie hiy ill this stale
live ihiys and live ni.'hls — from Salii.ilay to Thiirsilay. On the
! Ion th tlay, feeling life to be fast ebliing, ami thinking ail was
lo>t, bo wrote his will in peneil on a slip of paper, W hen loiiiid,
' he was on the point of death, llelial eaten parts of the raw
llesh of his de.id liorsc. He was tlreailliilly swiiUen willi the wet
and colli, so imieli si indeed that Mr. .S. IViteli irtl (ftir it w;is bo
and liisjiarty that foiiuil liimi eoultl not g. I olV his clothes willi-
niit culliiig them to pieces. He uaswi'appul in lilankets and
kept uarin; andwt'ure told that evt'i-y aileiitioii ptissible was
pa:il to him. .\fter some tlelay the priest was ei-mfortably
plaeetl in a waggon and brought tin by Mr, IM'itehartrs men- ho
liimself starting aheail to get helii fitiiu I'enibina, Mr, Holello
at once line 1 np a iiarty "iid sent them olV, iintl in due time tho
priest was brought to J'einbiiia, much recovered, but still very
pKirly. The evening btl'i-e ho was diseovere 1, .\lr. I'rilehard's
parly eneanipetl within a stone east from where tlie poor inan.
1 ly. His plaint ivt*. p tdiil m 'a nine's were tlistimily Iieaitl tbirin^
tlieoniel lloiirs of the liii;lu, lo their great tllarin and perple.\lty,
I'lie iiiorning ; eareli revoaletl 1 he sad picluie wv have ulroudydrnwo.
^
M4
ALL ROUND TIIK WORLD.
, if
M
I :i
^ 1 In
■■ t 1
I'i' -!■
' 1,
\
It. il| I'l'iirM rniiu :i -;mI ■-•'i|Mi'iit ii'd- i'i'Mii ('m|>I:iiii
I'lllli-ii'l', tluit lliin lowli. ulil, ll lllr All'^l'i AllH I li'lll>
arc illiout !'• lilliltl Ml tlh' llMiiIMT lil.c, I- I.I ll,. r.illnl
St. ViiiiTiit.
(t is til iiliM'ivcil, tli;il iiiiiillii'i' I \|ii'iliti.i|i lia.l linii
ili.s|i;itcliii| liv tlir ( 'iiiiMiliMii ..;.iM'riiiiii'tit. Mini Icil Ly
.Mr. ( iliiiliiiini. ail. I .1' \>liii.|i ui' >li,ill rKcwIirri' ;,'iM. ,i
full ari'iiinit. in r\;iiuiiir ih iintry lii'twi'i-ii l.,ilii'
Sii]it'rliir aihl l.aUi' W ill i| •<■;,'. liilt liv lap tlu' iii.i^l im
|inrtaiit |iait lit' till- I'liiiiiii'v i.s tliat whirli ( ',i|it. I'alli-rr
has i'\|iliiri'i|. W'li ili'Vi'i' iiiav I"' tlir rliar.n'lrr dl ilir
i.Miiiti'y lii'ivvi'i'ii llii. Iwii lakrs. it inii-i In' a lniii; linn'
I..I.I11. it ran 111' lit' |i.ilili.-al iiiieri"t a.-* ciiliiliarril «illi
till' iiiiiiilrv Id till' \M'-l .'t' l'"iirl (iarrv. Tin' lasi
.li'.N|iatcli ii|'('a|itaiii I'alli^i'r sli.iws lliat ; an. I itslmws
alsii liiiw till' iH'iij.li' 111' till' riiili-.| Stall's arr cri'ciiiii;;
ii|i tii«ai'il> till' lniuinlai y ainl M'llliiiL,' I Iuti'. I Sill u illi
rifi'i-i'iii-r I., llir .■..iiiitry luiwrrii l.aki' ."^iiiii'i'liir ami
l.il<|. \\'iiii|irL'. \\lii'iv ('a|ilaili I'allix'r spfiiks of a
lli^tri.■t lit' i.ii'.'li A Is. ali.iiit ttti'iity .si'Vi'fi iiiilis in
li'll.,'lli, lirtwiTii till' Wliitr Kisli Hivir an. I lli.' Kails
lit till' Kaniini>tiii|iii.iali. that hrin:; tn llir la-l
.■I' till' wairr iiarliin; is an inii.nri.iiit I'.irt, Ihimii^.'
il sii,.ws ili.it llirii' is a lai'i;i' dislrirl «illiiii liii'
IHi'^rnl liiiiil> I't' ( 'ana. la til fur ihi' lialiitatinii i.f
ia\ilisi.il man. Mi. it lliaii this. Mr. Saltrr. |ir..\ in.ial
l.iinl •siirvi'yi.r. uh.i was smi ..iii l.y tin' • '.ina.liin
• iiivi'i-ninriit, uriii-s |..ilii' ill'. .1. thai in ninnim,' ,iii
i..\j.l..riij;; lini' ir.nn l.aUr .\i|ii.s.sim,' |.i ri.i.'hi'uaiiauiii;
r.ay, mi 1 aki' Sii|ii.|i.'r, In' rum' nii .i nia.^niliiinl Iim- i
I.f iMiinlry ali.uin.lini,' in i\ny ii'.|ui-ili' f.ir iniiniiliaii'
.".■lllrliirii' — wrll w.il.'l-..!. a.lniiiMi'ly I ilnturi'il with
ii:a|ili.. lii'crh. ir.'M smi..«1. an.l ..ihir hai'.l «...i.ls, nn.l
I asily arri'Ssilil.. W'r n.'.-.j n..l -ay h..« i;n|.i.|laiil liii-
t. rrit.'i'y « ill hr l.i < '.ina.l i. .ami ihi.s ili-.-.iM'r\ iiilinly
lir.irs ..111 ill.. |i.|i..|l wlii.li I 'r. I'liLTsliy n.a.lr i.|' wliil
111' .~aw am. hraril in pas-iM:,' in ih.- 11..11I1 ..f l.,il;.' .".iii
jiilii.r. «ill; ii.-|ii..-l I., ihi- \.r\ r..'4i..|i, wlii.h hr ralN
thr Siiu'ai'-M.ij.i" I >!-liirl. .Mr. I il.i.lln in -.'1.111- lih.vv i-.'
t.. liMM' linn lilL:lli\ -al .-lii'.l « ll i, ihr I'.iUllliy « hii-h 111'
i'.\;iniin.'.|. II.' |.in'-iii..| ih.. -.-.ni.' r.."!.. a- I'lili-i'i'.
I. lit :it a hit. 'I' I'l'ii .1 .if thr \i.ir. aii.l h.' ii'|...|'t-. il as
I'.Mii'iii'.y I. Mil.' 11:1.1 l; 1. hi' n,.'a-uii'.l ti.-i's ninr
tl'. 1 in I'il'.'llllll.li'l;.'.'.
'I'll.' .li-ll'.'— I. .1111.1 tn |'ri.\:lil .imnlj.,' ill.' 111. li III-
.iri.-rs i'i I ,.;ill-.'> II. >| uilhin ihr rnllll-nl ..f till' lliiil-..n
liay (' I'lny. Ii aii-i's fr.ini tin' iin|.r.iiliii'l iMii.'-- "f
this |.ail 1.1 till' .■nimiry. Il i- m.t fri'i|m'iil.'.l ' '.
any lar;,'i' .•iinniiils. Iiiit alin..s|. iiniii'ly liy lal.l.ii-.
Till' lii.li;ins liM' |.iiii.i|i,illv nil ral.liil-. .-iii'l 1I..1I1.'
thi.'insil\is in ialil.il skill-. 'I'ln-y al-n ]i.irtlv >al.-M
on .sliiiL.'ii.|i. wiii.ii liny I'.itrh ill tiini's in ili..
laki'.s. ."s..|iiiliiiii - ill. \ ar.' \v. 11 fr.l ami ^iiim 1 iim -
tlii'y all' in a -I'lt.' ..t' liii_.ii imj -i ,r\ .11 mii : Iml
this 1I...S Hi.' im|.iy luL'li't't I'll till' |.irt ..f ll
"111. ". 11' ll.i' ti'ni|.i.raiy ijiiariliaiis <if th.a i.ni
t.'iy. .\ .■..iisi.li'i'aliii- aiiiiiiint nf a^'iii-nlliin' has l.|.,n
)iiar|i-ii| ,'ini. hi.' ihi' liiiliiin- i.n ih.' K.iiiiv l..iki'.
W'h.ri'vii' tiny h ivi' )ii.r-i.v.'i':in..i- iiml .lili;,'i n..' in..iii.'li
tn i|.'\..ti' lilrlll-..K. - t.i L;:i|.l.n illltlll'.' I hi ■\ Sll.i'r. . 1 :
thi'X :.'i..w |..imI..i'-. h.'i'i.s. .-iml ..(hi-r |ir...|ii.'i. i.. .-..mi'
l'\'. lit. hill IIS a ^.'mT.ll mil', a- CM'I \ l.n.K kll.iUs.
th.'y all- \i'r\ .h-i ii iiir. h.-.-aii-.' tlirvwiil n..| hilmiir.
Tlii-y pii'li'i' star\.iii..n in H..rk.
'I'll.' I" i|. 1 11. lli.. 11 nl :hi. Ill >v Vini'iii'an tn« n ..f .<an.li.-i I'
111- St \'in. 1 111 n.ii-i-i -nf hi 11 i.-ha- V. 1 11,1- i.l .\ |.nl,, .\nii'
rii'iiii li.ili fi.i'.l-, u hn.-.. .III..! .i..|.i.mli.ii,.|. is nil I hi' |ii-..-
L'i'i,'U.s nl ih.' hultUln hum , ;ini.l, wLili! tLu murcyuuliiliil
I'll 1 nl' thr inali' |iii|inlatiii|i arr away on tlm hunt, the
I hi'ii .h'lini'i'li.s.s iiilialiil nils an' siil.ji 1 1 tn the ininail.s
nl' llir Siniix Imliaiis. 'I'lii'si' linljaiis, last yi'ar,
allai'kiil that scttli'liirlit, stiili' iiltimst all the hnrsi's,
ami shut a wniiiaii ami the Hrliiiiilliia>t('r : imlriil,
harillv a year pasM's without NKini'Miinilar ili'|.ii ilaliniis.
.Mtliiii|i.'h that liinil nf the I'miliiiia llivrr. mi wliiih
."'all .Insi'f i.s sitiiatril i.s iiisiili- llm rnitiil States' tir-
lilnry. \i't till' ■.'ii'atir |iai't nl lln' livrl'i- rmii-i' ii
I hi'..ii..'li till' rii'iii>h ilmiiininns. ll is an iiii|iiii't.iiit
rivi'i-, ami may lii'i'r.illir |irii\i' valuililr. as alliiriliiif;
tiiiilitirs for Iia\ i..;al inn.
t'.i|itaiii Tallisi-r yiii - mi tn say, mi thi'-llh .\iii;nst,
liny I'l'.i.'hril 'riirlh" .Mmiiilaiii. ii hill ri^ini; mil nl llin
|.i'.iiiii' 111 ahiiiit ;llili Iri'l. ; it is .'Id niih'.s Imi;.,'' I"
111- 1. 'I'liis hill is niir (if a .siiii'S that they siiirts
Irari'il. .scatli'i'i'il iri'i'V'nlaily ill a liiii' Iriun smith last
111 iinrlli -wi'st. 'I'hc linnmliiy lint' passes ihrmiuh the
Miinmil lit this inmintain, thrn\uii!,' the "Smiiis" nr
M. .ii.se liJM'i' iiitii the Ihitish piisse.s.simis. 'J'his river
has hiiherlii lieeii wmnu'ly laiil ilnwii in all inaps ; ami
111', tlieret'nre. paiil strict altenlimi that its emir.se
shniilil 111' .aii|'lill\ lai.l (ln» 11 ill iheeharts.
• Ill till' l.'ith nf .\in.'iisl they reai'liiil l''nrl {''.lliee mi
r'l'.iMI' ( 'I'i'i k. Here ( aplain ralliser fmiiiil ihe liieii
h.' hail Milt ilil'i'i't I'lnin Knll Hairy with iheten hiirse.s,
ami. a- they hail iinu r.'-ti'il iiinre than a week, hetiink
liie-i' li'li linl'si's nil all I'N peilil i. .11 l.i " I .a n.ii'he-
I'l'ii'i'.','' haxin;; the limses, thai hail linii hitherlii
Ir.niliinL: « il h I In in. tn rei iiiil .
I'l'n.ei'.liii',. mi a -i..|ih \M-I emii'se I'l'iin I''iirl Klliee,
thi'V airivi'.l. mi tin' l>llii.f .Siiuiist. at .Mnnse Mmiii-
l.'iiii. .'lie nf the I'haiii nf liilU aliiiM' inriiiinneil It,
like the 'rnrlle .Mmmiain. i- inMreil « illi ih'ii.se wnnil.s,
lake-, ami >"anips
(111 the -Hill .\nL'ii-l ihey aitiveil au'iiiii on tin)
Mnii.-e nr •■S..iiri- l;i\.i'. ami lure hr lleetnr tirst
iji-i'nx .'ii'.l in.ilnla \.r\ lair ipialiiN. I'lmn this pniiit
.iltli.' M. lie liiM'i' an hmir',-, riiie lirmif,'ht them In tlio
•■ I!... h.' I'lr.ee" A .-ini;ii!ar a|ipearam'e is here prn
ilili'i.lnn I ll ■ |... ks ami -Inne- l.y he eninliilieil ai'tinii
i.f till' aim.. -pliiii' ami water; the layers nf .sjnnl ami
.lay f.'iiniir.' ih.-e. l.eiiiL; iiiii.|nal in liarilness. arc
\\..in a.em liiiiL'iy intn i;iniesi|iie shapes, atliii'ilin:,' iiiweh
a-i.'ii-hlinnl t'. the IliiHalis ainl halflireeils visilinu;
,h"-|..t
111"-.' I .ipi.iin ralli-er wa.s \ i-ile.l hy a lai'u'e niinilicr
.it St.. I.' 111. Hal, s. .elelir 111 .1 a- the irieatesl hm-se-
ihi. v.- HI the ii.niiii\ ; hnuevir. h.' i-i.mealnl all
, ppieh. ii-i.iii fnr hi- Iml -.s. lie alsn ilisenv el e.l that
111. at « a- a \ I'l'V sear. 1' all iele animiL,' llieiii. as they haii
h't fill, n ill with liiilliiln I'm- many ilays lie hail,
hi.vM'Mr. Iieeii fmliliiate ei iiii;,'h In kill twn Imlls that
III. . mill..', ami .-I'.iin .1 I lair j; Iitliees ami the safely
nl'lii- hni'-.'- l.\ L'i\ ill'-' thi'lii the ine.it, in\ ililii,' llieni
t.i i..nk ami pr.p.iie tlnir n«li lea.-t, tn wliiih he
a.i.le.l s.ili.e lea, silL.'al'. ami llmir. ile-irinu tlniii ill
relniii til L'li inl hi- Imr-.s all niiilit. which ininnc-
linii ihi'V rev;.u'ili'.l as a emnp.inieiil. ami tiiillili.Uy
pelfiil nil .1.
'I'lie Inll.iw iiii; ilav till V retiirm ll. ami reachcil I'uit
I'illlce III the --'ilh nf .\ii:;ii-l.
till . \amiiiiiiL; the Imr-es he hail Ict'l liehimi at that
p.. -I wli.'ii he slarliil f r •■ Itnelii' rercce," he t'lnlll'l
lliiiii Iml .siillicicnll\ rieiiiitcil In priicecil we.stwaril tn
the l']ll...» : he thelilnle iletellnilleil til Wait il fcw (lays
|i'ii;,'e|'. lie likew i-e liiiiml that his liniilc ami iiiter-
iireler Wit's .-^u friglitciiuil at the jirusjiect of eiituriug
ill I'W tin)
li.r liist,
1 llii> |ioiiit
lii'in III llic
. lii ri' |irc)-
iii'il .irlii.ii
iiiiil iiii'l
lf>>. Mil*
ml; iiiiii-li
vi>itiiis'
iiiiiiilicr
I luTM'-
■lllrd all
IrJ tllllt
tlir\ ha.l
lie' I. ail,
.nil,- t!;at
lif sil'fty
Ml: tlii'iii
Kllirt, Ih'
iliiiii ill
1 iii{iiiii'-
railliti.lly
lliil I'ult
111 at lliiit
]]!■ tullllil
■^t wanl til
I'rw ila\s
ml ilitrr-
iliti'l-iug
li"
H!
> I ;
•\ ■■ I
'■ 'i
ijiii
FROM TIIR ATLANTIC TO T|||.; I'ACIFIC.
317
t)ic niinkfiiol, ninnfrv,' ttmt lin (,'iivl' IjIiji v.tv h\sr •<iil. ivd ili.' iih„t wr^tcni [Kirt of tlic ten-it' nv mst of
ill|.T|.|.l;lth.l| MS IM iIm' |';irilitir, „( llic I t.' Ill- ill. llll' ILulii M. .11 1| t ,1 i IIS I . . « llir), I ||,. ||l„|s,,l| |i,H Cnln-
i.ii'l III' lliis »MS iiltiiiisl lllll^llll^^ll,
trml
t.i ;i.|
111- tllllvtulT .SliU'll'll 11 I
Mr. <'liii>ii
/llirf mIHi
it' llh' lllIlK
llr>M'lll,'l'l' III |illliy I III'
I!
:lil<l tl
Wili.lr
('.iiii|iiiiy, rniiii'Niiii^' till' si'i'vii'i's of Mr MK.iy din' iiiitr.ni'llni liv
riiiiiilrv 111 till' liiM'liv .Mniililiii
ll.S WIIM
iillinr in cliui'i'e lit' |''ii|-| Kllir
till' Wlllll' lllllll.
us illl llllDI-lil'iliI- I
;uniiii|iiiiiy liiiii 111! till' i'X|ii'i||||iiii.
Mr. (;iii
.\iii
Imli
lliiit
mil' III Irailr
ii'ri'iv inn liis ji'lli'i', mil' llifci' iliiys' jniii'Mi'y li
liiiil lit l'''irl l''.lliri'. ,'Miil li|'iiii''lil will
li'
liiiii II I'i'iilli'iii.'iii
nr tliri'i' iiiti'
iii: full I';!
|.a-4i'
liy tvi
Mif-imi HlH IKtillll, 1||-.|
.,U 111' li;
iiiic riiutiiiU'iiN I'lirti*!. Iifiikiii Hilly
i;riiiihil. 'I'lii' (^iii .\|i|ii'lli'
Is.'iS I'l^iirlm I 'ml I liiul, 1.'
iiii.l li.
tl. |.iit ill .Mi'. M'K;i.v'h |iI,i,'.', Hii'ivliy iihiriii;,- ilir M.lii- ri-iil.-.l imihy Ni'ur.. Hlirr.' thi'' iiii.sli.ii' i- -ilimiiil
nlil" xorvii'i's of till' lllllll' lit his ili>|iii-iiil. Ill ill,. iiii';ii|. mnii'ti'il II t'liininrtiilili' I.v.Ikhui', I'l'iu'iil in u Kunlcii, uml
tillii . '11 till' "til lit' Si'iiti'lillii'l', lili'liliL! lii^ Imrscs I"i"'"'-i"' nix nr wM'II i'hhs uml c.iIvi'h. TIh' Iti'V. .Iiiiiii'> S.tin
siiHi>'
Stl'll tl
ri'Siiiiii' ii|ii'i',iliiiiis, lio sl:ii'l
iiarv newly iiniviil, II imlivi', nl ■SvMiiii|iy Cii ritfili,
<'X|M'iliiiiiii iimli'i' Dr. Ili'itnr till tin' " <^iii .\|i|ii'lln "
laki's, luiij ri'iiiiiiiii'il licliiml iit Furl l''lliri' until Im
hIiiiiiIiI wc nr lii'iir t'rniii .Mr. Clirislii', wIium' .siilwr
qiU'iit arrival mi Si'iili'iiilinr illli, sit .Mr. .M'Kuy ut
lilicrty ; iiml, iit'ti'r ui'iniinls wi'i-is iiimli' ii]i iiiiil Iriiiis-
Crrrc'l, In; stirtoil mi Imrsi'liai'k, in'riiiii|iiinii'il liv
.M'Kay mill I «ii of lii.s iiii'ii. mill iivirtunk tlm i'\|irili-
timi ill lliri'i' ila\s at llm t^tiii .\|i|m'I1i' I iki's, ,iIi mi lll.-i
mill's wi'sl lit' Flirt Klliri'.
On Siiinl.iy. Si'|iti'iiilii'i' I .'Itli, tliny rfniaiiinl at lln-
(i>ili .\|i|M'lli' lakrs. Till' llililMin liiy ( 'iini|i:iiiy lii\,'
a small tl•al|il|l,'•||||^<f tlmrc, tlm niust wi'slrrn I'ni'i jn
tlin trrrilnry ; mnl tlinrn tlmy t'miinl ii 1 ir^i' I'liiiji nt
Cii'i'.s iirrivi'il t'nr trailiii):,'. ('aptaiii Palli>rr smt lur
.Mr. I'ratl, tlic niissimiiiry, m lui'sliii',' liini |.i I'lmn' anil
pay tlii'iii a visit. Tin' wmtliy iiii<simiaiy is a |iiii','
I 'ri'i- lii'liaii, ciliii'iiti'il at Itnl liivir. Hi' i'i'|iii'ts tin"
( 'rrcs a.s lii':;iiiiiiiii{ In ii|i|ii'i'lii'ii'l -raniiv nl' liiill'iii,
Mini many am iiin^t aiixiuiis I'l try a^ri-nliiri'. lln
tliiiiks tliat it' tlmy li.nl ii'^'iii-iilliiiMl ini|ili'iiiriiN. .^imli
as s|iaili's, liiH'.s, mill |i|iiii;,'lis, tliny > ■ i laiiily \v..iil.| I'.mi
iiit'iu'i' o|iri'.ilimis. Tliis iijiiiiimi I ' iptaiii I'allisi'r I'lHiinl
[ii'i'tty fii'iii'i-al animi),' llm | plr ul' tin' lliil-.n l!iy
('mii|iaiiy; ami In' is |ii'i>iiaili'il iniii-li '^hhI r..ul I Im
ilmii' liy iiii|iiirliiii; llin siiii|ili'r kiinls nl' a','riiiilt ii'.il
iiii|i|i'iiiriits. I'ratt lias sit tin' I mliaii..- ,.ii nX'-i'llriit
i'\aiii|ili' liiin^i'lt'. mnl '.'I'uws >'.i|iil,il lii'liaii I'.iin. Iiariiv,
alnl liiil.ll'ii's. - rill' t^ni Ap ic'Mi' I ikr^ 111 ly Im I'nll-
Inill
ii|iiiil I'r.itl's I
mill ill till' um-'li'ii, wlii'i'i' wv tiiunil liim,
' Tlii'i'i' in II utiiry liilil <<( n lai';.'!' i'ii'iiiii|iiiiriit ul' IlliicU',., t
(ciriiH'.l ill til's iii''';.'lili"iirliii "1, I'lr tin' |iiii'iiiis.' nl' liiiiitin:; miini.j
ttu' 1.111 iniii'i'. lir.>vviii,r tiri'il, li iwcvir. nt so prai'i'l'iil ami i^rmilili'
ill iii'aliiiii, till* yiiiniiri'P warrinrs nt' ttir allu'tl liilir^ ilctrr-
liliili'ii In iii.iki' ml ilii'iir'.ii'n iiit-i llli' tiTriinrii-s nf tin' .Xs-iiu-.
liiiiiii'.^. 11 iviii;; ir-iiu' tlirnii^li III! t!io rri|in.^iti' riii'liaiitiiii.|its,
tliry Irl't liiliiiiil llii'iil nlily till' nlil Hull, Willi Illl' H.i'mll ii'iil
rliilil'i'ii. .M'irr II siii-i'i'ssl'iil i'aiii|iai'.'ii, tlii'V tiii'iii'il tlair >1i.| s
li'iiiU'Uiiril ill triiniii'li, Inailnl witii M-alps anil niliri' s|ii'ii..: a, il,
nil rrai'ilill^; llio l,,p nl till' riil-'l' tlial nvi'rliinln '1 lll,' l'.llll|l nl' til,'
iiilinii ami ,ii'''iin', Irss nt' llii-ir lia'iil, tlu'v nntilii'l tl.i'lr api'r'iaili
ill illl' imi iilly s'\,'.ii'ii,' I 'Ill's ,it' tli'ir s'lii;; nt' vii'lni'v. V.M-.y
Inil'ji', lin..\|.v. r, \\asas.*tili aa,l >il,'ii; ast!i,.,_'r.ivi' ; iiiuiiit liiiT'li,
niii^iii^ iiinri' IniiiUy IIS lli,.y iiil\aiu'. il, in nr tt'i* In t'niH'i.jil thfir
Clllntiniis, tlli'V t'llinl Illl' f, 11 tall' nl'lll,' lllallL'Iril I'lri'M'S nl' llli'ir
|iari'iil» ami s;siii--, lit Ihi'ir wivi.,. mill I'liiiilri 11. In a huhI, tin'
Assihi'li'iiiii's iiail lacM tliii'i' t'l ti'1,1' tlii'ir i'i'\i'ii::i'.
• "( h.iili's rnll,' -a\s I'l-nli'.sni' lliml I" .Niiri'alivi' nf tla'
Canal an I'.il liiv, r Kvpin; iii^r l'\p. iliii'iii nt' In.',?, aii'l nf tin-
.•\siiMi'linim' ill, 1 .~;,l-kali'lli'« ■.■1 Kxpi'irill;.; I'".xp,''lilinll nl lsr)S"i,
"isa lialt'.lir,.il I'l',', liist ,,t' till' Clniri'li ^li7^i,■llal•y Suii'iN, hi .1
iii'ipiaiiili' I Willi lii,' lailMtsnf liiiliiiiisaiiil nl' ila' liull'.'li. Ho naic
liu' a fT'Hiil il.'al nt' \alll.ilili' inl'nriiiati'ill ri'spi'i'lillL: t!it' cnlin'rv,
mill witli ('liai'iii'ti'i'i..ili(' tii'm'i'nu'n V, it iini ( lir;stiaii .lyiiipatliv
(wliy th.' il'ialit. IVni'-s.ir lliml r i. t'llil .Inliii M'Kay tii tain' a
Jiiiili:: lirilir l'i'l,'iii!ili^ In liiiii, wl.i'ii 111' !irii\fil III llu' \\\^-
ci'iii. iital kill it, ill linmiur 111' mil' i,i'ri\iil. iVatt slmiM-il
nil' S'liiii* spi'riiiM'iii nl' lijrtiitii nial, takni lr.,.ii a 1 i',l Iwn t,', t
thick :i: tlie WihiiI Hills, l.i^'llty miUs s,iiilli-«i'-i nl' II. i' ('.in-
|iaiiy's post. All nlil Imli. Ill in Ins rnnipiii) I.M iw. tl. I li,'
ri'1111'iiilM.'ri'il till.' wi.nlo of till' pioviiicu tliiuiigli ttl.i il "(• l.ail
li.iliai (' Til H\H u'l'iiwniu', as wi'll as p'.talni's, liiniips, Ijiiiiis, uml
I'tlii'r niliiiai-y vru'rlaMrs. (In Siiii'l.y ur aili'inliil Hivin' in
I'i'.itCs li.aiv. 'I'lii' Hi'v. Mr. Siiltri' niiil tlii' pruMis, in I'ln^Misli,
Willi ^'I'l'al I'liri' mill I'nrrrcliii'-s. Hi' pri'iirlnil in I ijilii'way, iiinl
II liuiiii was siiiiu' ill till' Ci'rr liiii|{iiat'i'. Ili'liiiv llii' Hcrimin tlm
iiiis-i 'iiaiy >iirpriM'.l lis liy wakinj: up a ilrnwsy Iinliaii, wlin wuii
1 iijny iiir a ipiiit iia|i in a rni'mv nl'lla' i'n,,iii, ami liailinj: liiiii to
till' Iriiipnrari ri ailiii;; ilr^k, (•niiniH'iiii.il till' I'lTrinniiy nt' piililic
li.iplisiii .My a.t.iiii.liimni was imt iliiiiiiii>lii il wlii'ii lin' irviiri'inl
(.'i'litli'iiiaii, lin'iiiiii; In iiii' willmiii any pi'i'.iiiiiiiiiry iinliri', miiil
alii'ii|.ily, • .Vaiiii' II, is mail I' Aflrr a iiinim'in's n lin linn, I miiil,
'.lllllll.' .lllllll w.ilki'il In Ills lii'iM'li, mill WHS sunn iippannily Inst
ill llni.<y .linnliiT In;, II l'niiM.inlHn|." nf tin' ),rivil< u'l '1 mill lllrssin(;n
nl' wha-li iciiil' Clirisiian I'.ipiisni, iluly rt',i'i\,',l, liail iii.iili' liiiii
till' inliiT.tnr Wlii'ii tin' Kiv. .Imiirs Sclli'i' ai'i'iviil at tlii' mis-
si'iii last aiitiiinii, tin' Crcis nf tlin Samly Hiils, laniii(.' ri'ri'ivi'il
iiiti'Iii^'i'iii'i' that till' Uislinji hall si'iit II 'pra_\iii^ iiian' In ti'iicli
llt'iii till' truths 111 t'lirisii.iii ly. ilii'i'i'tnl iin's^cn^nTs In iinpriro
wlii'iiiiT Ila- 1 yri ai pr.i) in;.: filial*' hail m'IiI jilrnty tyf nnii ; it sn,
tlli-y Wnllhl snnll lliTnllll' InllnWiTs nl' thl'Whit,' llian's .Mllllilnu.'
Illl' iiii--i'iip'rs rilurniil wiili thr iiilrHii:i'iiiv that tin' yri'iit
I'i'ay ill.' I'.iil, t'l' hail lint niily niiiiiiiil tl) si'iiil nnii. hiil he linpt'tl
lliil tin' I'laill frci'-s wnillil sunn iilialtil'ili lin' prartirt' nf
ili'iiiamlllitr rum in i'X''lniiiLii fnrtlnir |ii'iiiiiiiran ami ruin's.
.Mr. SiiMi'i' spiaks Kin'lish vry llui'iillv . 'fin' Hi M t'nr li;s lahiair
i- ' x'l'iisivi-, hill," 11" I'lnl'i.sv.r lliml tli'iiks " ii"! i 'ry pMiiiiisiiit».
Wiii'ii i-iiivrr-iii;; willi tin' I'ni'snf t' i' Siiiily Hills, many .'I ihi'iii
1 xpi'S-, ,1 II wis!, 1,1 liiiM' tlii'ir I'liililri'ii t iii^-lil l,y whili' imii, hut
ihi'y (lal lint app ar In liki' till' iili'a nt tlair la'iii^' tiiiiL'ht hy ii
iiaiivt' nf il it'iTi'tit iii'iir n. 'I'liis is all iiii|:nrlant pnii.t In he
iili«'i'\''tl in till' Hi'hi'iinn nl imtivc iiiis>ii,niirii.s. 'I'ln.' si'lni'il, hnw.
I'vn-, appear.! lii'i't', as I'lsfwlicri' aiimiiLr liiiliaii trilifs, In hi' tin'
III ly s'lii' j.'1'nnml Inr ns aMi-hii ir tin' Inir faith a; nii'.' ihcni.
' Ti'iirh my rhililri'ii I'm- Iwn nr thru' yrai'.'i, liul hi iiir rnllnw Ihi'
ways nf my fallnrs,' sai,l llii' Cliii'l nf Ilir Sainly Hills Iniiii'."
A I'l liii'f. ii.iiiiL'il " llrnki'ii .-Vnii," ill the cniirsi' nf a Inn;;
siiinke with Ml-. I'linl Kaiio uml lis fillnw vnyapins, lii'iran talk-
iii^' ah ml Illl' I'ifirls nf till' ii;i.s!,,iian''s aiiinii;:st Uis prnpl,', mill
si'i'ini'il In think lliai tlii'V wniil'l imt hi' vrry sni'i'i's-fiil ; fur,
tliiiii;;!: I I' iliil iml iDliTli' 1' with ihi' l'''li'.;i"iis hclii'f nf any nf his
trllri', yil nimiy tliiiin;lit ii-in'iliil; ami his iih'ii wa.«, that ,is Mr.
Uini'h'll hill li'iM him tint what In' pri'ai'la.'il was thu niily triis
I'n.iil 1,, Inaii'ii. ami .\Ii'. llnnlir lnl,l him iln' siiiiii' lliiii^', anil sn
iliil .Mr 'IhIni aii'l as tiny all llirri' saiillhiit tlir ntlnr Iwn wirr
wrn'i;.-, ami as lin iliil iml i.iinw whirli "US rit'lit. In- llmiiL'lii liny
nu.'ht In I' ,11 a 'niiinil ai,n.|i:;~: ti.iins, Ivis. iiliil thai tin ii In'
W'.iil.l ,^' 1 wit I ilii'iii nil thru'. I nl ninil lln'y aL'nul In' wnu.il
wail. Ill' thi'ii tnlil till' parly that Urn' was n IriiiliiiiMi in li's
trill,' nf nlil' nf theiii liaviiiu lii'i'imii' a t'lir'stian. ami hnw hi' was
v,ri ;:.riil, ami iliil nil llial in' nii-lil ; ami llial whi'ii In' ilii'il hn
wiistakili ii|i 1.1 Illl' whit,' iaall'> hraviii. wlnrc i'V,.nlhiii).' was
M'l'y tr 1 ami viy hi'aiail'iil. innl nil wi'ii' happi ani.iiiL'st ilnir
frii'nils anil nlativi's wlni hail i;"iii' 1 ifni'i' thi'in, iiml wl.i'Vi' thi'y
hail ivi-rvil.iiiL' 111 it ll.i'whii,' man Im's anil Imiirs fm- ; hut ilic
lialian cnn'.il nut sliavc llu'ir jny ami pl''a~m-i', Inr all wa.~ ."timiu'L'
l-i hull, aii'l hi' iiii't nniu' nf till' ^pil•its nf his mii'i'slnrs, ami Ihu'e
was 11.1111' tn wi'loiiiii' liiiii ; im hiiiiliiiu'. imr tlsl.iiiL', iinr any nf
llni-c j.ivs ill whii-li 111- iisnl t'l lU'l-uht i ami his .spirit (.-ri'w snil.
Tlnii'ilu' (ii'i'al MuiiMnii calliil him, uml a>kiu liiiii. " Why art
Ih. 11 .sail ill this In aiitifiil In'.ivi'ii, wliirli 1 liavi' iiiaiU' fur ymir jny
:il,il liappiniss'- ' 'fin n tin' III. fall tnM liiin that hi' siflhrll for
till' i'..mpaiiy nf till' -I'.ii's nf his n L.tiv, s, ami lliul lii' fult lone
aial Min.iivi'ii . S.I llif tir.'at .Muniinii Inlil him Hut ln'i'..iilil not
-r\v\ hiin In tin' lii.liaii licuii'ii, ns lu' liail wliilo on nurtli I'liosi-n
tlis nu,., I, III that, us hi' h.i.l li.iiia M'ly (.'iii'il man. In' w..ulil seinl
Iniii hack in I'urlli aj,'uiii, ami (jivo li.in anullii'r iliuin.'.
S48
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
■! V
, ii
niiiii ^fr. M'Kiiy w.is iii-ciuaiiitcd witli. Tliis ni.iii Wiis Ai)|icllc lakes for tlio Klliciw, im tlii> dcmtli liriimli nf the
« nMii:irk,iMiM'Xo|'ti(iii to tlir u'li" r;ility (if linliaiis : Saskatiln'waii, siniirtiiiics iall<il tlin |!n«- lii.ir. On
tlu'v lalli'il liiiii tlu' "fifaci'iiiaki'i'." ami Iwici' witliiii Si'|it<iiilK'i- liltli tluv ayaiii i'nniiii|.<'il cm Nli.ii.-c or
tilt" list two or ttii-io Vfars lu" |iiis!'.(l liis way aloiii' Smiris Kivor. at a trilmlaiy callfil liv <',io Irnliaiis,
into tilt .".laikt'oot country, aiiil walked into the (Mictny's .Moo.-f.Iaxv Oroek, in loni;ilii(lo loti^'. I'y to ihis |ioiiit
camp unarnicil, with the jicace pipe in his haml, in their jonrney they had snil'eicd no ineoiueiiieiiee
oxhoitin^^ them to peace, and oU'eiing tlieiii the alt.'r t'roiii want either ot' wood or water; lieri', h.iwever,
native ot killiiij; him. The naiili on each oi-oasion tlieir guide, the iicaceniaker, adused them to hrini,'
was a treaty ot" peace to the frees ami a present of wood aloiit; in their carts, as tlii'y should sir no more
hor-ics til the peace-maker. 1,'aptaiii I'alliser eimai;rd iiiilil they came to llie Saskatchewan, which tliey tirst
this Indian to guide them to the Kll.ow. came in .sight ol'al Miiisc't on (he I'Ist of Septeiiiher.
On S-'ptenilicr the 1 Itli tiiey started from Qui They were now in the heart of tlu^ liiillalo country
FOKT EDMONTON, ON THE ttHM lAllltTeilEWM DITEII.
Tliis regiiin iiKiy lie r.dlrii a Imll'do pvoerve. oeing the the most west erii of the t Imiii of l^hii .A ppiHe lakes,
liattie grmiiid liefuem tliut'rics and lilackriel, wliere heiiig iiavi^aMe to i.iige lio.iis the wlmh' \\;iy. lieiice
imiie yo til hunt for fiarof mi eting enemies, and wlieie it w n (ir-t .•uscertained that there exist* n valualile
thus,' who go til war ahslalii from hunting. The whole w.ilir eoiiiiiiuiiieatioii lietweeii the smith Saskalclu wan
r. giiin, as f.ir as the eye ciiiild re.ic'.i, wa- covered with and the lied itivi'r, and that ii good sized hoal. and
liiilfilii, in liamis v.iryiiig from hiindreds to tlioiisaiids. even a small steamer, might descend from the m'iiIi
i^o v.ist were the herd-, that t 'aptaili I'alllser iK'g.in tu Saskalelu'wan. a.scelid In the west l^ili .\ ppelle i:Mr.
have serious appreuensi lis tor ;!,•■ Imrses, as the gr:;ss ci-o.ss liie Qui .Appi lie lakes, and then descend the C,l'ii
was eaten to (In earth, as if the plain had heeli de .»iipelie into the lo d Itixer. The whole of iheditli
v.ist.ited liy locusts. Ilnwevcr. the timlieroii the small cully of come ,i ,ie,iiion helween the Itoi ky Moiinlains
triliiitaries of the river kept oil' ihe liiill'.iln. and so a and the I'eil l!.ver heing thus set aside, and one liidf
little gr.i.ss was . hiaiiied for the le Uses, tor I he liullalo nf the distance iininhaliiled, nnlhiiig reniaiiud hiil the
slmns the tiiulier until mid-winler. liscnvery of a pass across the loicky Moiinlain.s to thu
At the I'llliow they fiiuiid a large trilmtary (low 'nu' lit . ''h territory,
from the east into the S.iskatchewan, and Pr. Hi, tor .Mtertlie doctor's return from exploring ihe wcsterii
was despflti'lied with mie ur Iwii men to trai'e »he (,'Mii .\ppclle. they ciiniiiieiiccd tli.ir a.sieni from the
Coui»i of this rivfi-. This he foiimi to llow from Klhow, and reached the lniHli incridiiiu of longitude
II i:^
-^ /
FROM "HR ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC.
340
liiiue
ilimlilt'
I'll! www
>al. .iiicl
.-. 'itli
i \\v\\
lllll.'IIIIS
.11.' V-AK
>iit tliu
s ti) llio
wi'stcra
nrn tilt!
on llic 281I1 of S.'ptombcr. That m.iijiiilici'nt river,
\.\\v S.iskati-lii'wan, liriv iiv;i1s 'h.' MisMMiri in ^izc■ :iiiil
.oliciii.', iinil I'vcn at. Iliis (tlw low'st .slate nl' water
iluiiiii; tlie wlidle yeiir) wa.s iia\ iijable tnr iTal't of niiy
size, a.s wa.s tmiinl l'\ sail exipei'ienei', the ex|ie(iiti(>n
liaviiii; lieeii so iiiil'i'i'liiuaie as to lose one of its waj;-
^'cins in tlie eliann- 1 ot' tlie fiver a; a ileptli of sixteiai
feet. 'I'lie Hi:'' nii'fiiliaii was t lie fartliest jioiiit to tln^
westwat'il expl vieil liy ' lie expeilition thai sea.son ' At.
tliat jioint it <'fosse<l tin' river to tlie noitli side, and
started on a nurtli east eoiirse for I'ailtoii, its wlnli'r
iinarters, wliere tlu'V arrived on tlie Stli of Oetnlier
t'a|it,'iin I'alliser liiiii.seif lel't tlie party at ('arlton on
the I ith of l)itolier, 1S.">7, and alt ■!• a siv.'re jonrni'V,
four hniidred anil fifty si.x inih's of w liieli were per-
formed over the snow on foot, Ik reaehed Monln'.d,
where he made arraii;;eiiients tor prnc'edin',; the iiimi- |
ing spriiiij to the Uoiky Mountains, tliroiiLjh the
eountry of the lUaekliiot Indians, hy ein;as;ini; twenty I
men, with a sutVuiiMit nuniiifi- of doj^ slei'.'hs, toeuiivey i
their provisions. This inerea<''d his |ni','i' altoi;i'tlier |
to thirty, nnd with a sma'ler nninlier he di'cmed it
wonld have lieen the lu'ii;lit i.f iniprmlenee to \eiiiui'e
into the south -western part of the IllaeUfonl and
Ti'dijar oonniry.
Tilis doi; sleii^hiiii; on \\ lar;;e scale is a very exi'iiiiii;
aninsenient. We lind a ileM'ription nl .1 r |' :',iii»
mills, from Fori li.iriy to I'row's W iiii;. mi the Mi^si^
.sippi, ill l'rof>'.s.sor Hinds' aeeonni of his seeond Sa-kit
eliewaii expeilition.
I'j"iii on, 'irrival at Selkirk m', tleini'i';, siilisenneiillv
to the explnra'ion ot' l,.ike Wmipi",' and .Maniloliali.
we had heard 1 1 at a pirly of Knulisli nolilenieii and
pntlemeii had reaeli .'d l''ort (iarry. and were then pre-
paring lor a slio.''. trip into ihi- prairies in .se.iieli of :
Imlfiio. The anstoeratie hiinii'rs eoiisislcd of Lord
' We liml tlio fnllovvin^' ad'oiiiii of tliln >iuii in iln.ni.ir
Siiiipsim's *' liuiriii'V lloiiiut the Wui'M " :
" lluvini.' p.i'i.seil mer a liilU ^m I p.ir;i:illy.\v.i 1 led ili-ti-ici, we
re;U'laMl tlie Itew Uiver, tieinir llie >oii'li liraiii'll ol' t'le .Slsliiil-
elu'«:iii. ali'Mi! ten ii'i'liK'k. 'l'iii< Hin'.ini, I;ikiM_- ils ri-^e in the
I\"ekv Moimiain'*, lU'.ir till' iiilenialioiial Irnntu'i', is ot' I'-'iisiiler-
jll.le si/e, viltli.Hll .M'V ]ih\^ir.ll iin;i>.illll|t.|i( nt' jiiiv llnillli'Ut ; Imt
its iiiijiri' w.iti rs are s» iieirh iiiir^te i m iili wm likf Irlu--;. tliiit.
Ili.'ii^'h U'lien'il I'l lie rii'li 111 irnm'. it .< mM.'ii a-i. imIi'iI Uv
tr.iders. Simie yt'iir* liaek, iii.li'i"!, llm-i' nr l.mr iMists wi're ;
•■■.lalilishi'il im Its I'litiks; lull lliey o'i'e som ali.iiii|iiiMl iitler the
sanltiee .it s.veral lives in tlieir e.rt'eili'i III ililililiiill In llu's..
pi'i'iiiaiii'iit torts, 11 llxitii^ I'xjK'diii'ii. nil a l.-r::e seale, w.is « llii-icl
111 tlie vi'ur IS'J-J, M itli 11 V lew m les iii^ the trntli ol tlie ruiiMiiis
;i~ t.i 111,' iiilini'-« el' Itiw l;i\el'. I
" I'm' i'\|'i'ilili'iii ill i|U '-111111, lie-iiles Mi'<-vs, M'K."i/i,i nnd
i!in\l.iii<l, tiie ;.'eiltlelileli in eliai'^-e, ennsistel nf rinhl m- I'li
tailMirilliuite nllii'i'i's ami a tennlri'd men. .M'ter iisei'mtiii^ t.i ilii>
utmost limits of till' tiaviuMti.in I'.ir Itn.ii Hiirvi'viiii;, ili'Melinii'iits
Wi're il<..*|tati'linl ill evi-ry liir.eti.'ii. win. Ii im'l witli main nalivi'H
wlio liail iii'Mf *!'. 11 a Kiii'ii|ieiiii lu'l'iiri'. I lu-se nii-'i>liisii,.at,.(l
fiivai^i -. iiin\e\i'l', liad llirir enri'-ily most s»r.>'i..'l_v e\,'ilril li\ a
iii'^rn I'fl til' name ut I'lerie Itmi^.i. flii* man ilirv inH|i,.i.ti'ii in
fvel'}' 1"'. ililr way, twi>tinir liini iiliotit and |iiilliti: lii.i li.iir. « liirli
wan so ilill'iTi'iit tr.ini llieir own llintiiii.' |.i,.k-, r .1 1,1 leiit'lli
Iliey e.inie to tlie eniii'liKinii that rii'ire linn.:" «.ls llie n.|ile-t
Flieeamn ef u wliite mill liny had ever s.en
" riii'se lle;;riM's. ii(i\ |i mi ttieie were t'l'rnier'. -ever.ll ill the t'liMl-
|»lll\ "s nei'viee, were iiiti\.rsal t".\ iMiriU"* 11 it li tin' t'air -fX orilii-
lid rai'e; Hint at the pri'siMit d.iy we siw many ;iii Indian lli.it 1
iippi'iireil til have a diisli of the u'enlli'iiiiii in hi i.li almnt him i
I'iiidiiii; tli;it the resniireei ot' the eimntry liiid lierii overraled,
iMir in'o|ile retii'i'd the t'tillow Iht: year with I'.ie l.s- ot' a eon-iilcr.
uhle I'url of the oriu'inal oiiihiyof L'lii,oiiii. earrjim: with tlii'ui
Hli rnoriiioiiH i|iiiiiitily ot' Iralhrr. Imt \ 1 ly I't-w t'lirs. I'lirv |i\,.,l
in the iiiiiUt of I'lriity. liavilii; .011-111111.11 iliiriiii; the wiiil. r I ..'lO'l
biittiiliK'ti, lii'Niili'.i ^Triil niiiintila-ii if xcaittoit nf evtr^' kiiitt," \
Kiehard Orosvenor, I.ord Fredeiiek Cavendish, Henry
n.'iiiln Seymuiir, Ksij , M.I', and the llonoinalile
K\el\n Ashley, They w ere sueeessfiil in meet iliL,' and
killing liiill'al.i a short distanee south of the lnniiidary
lilu', in the diieetion of llevil's Lake, and retiiining
from their expedition in the middle of Nmemlier
The h.'irdships and pri\ ii ii • ..separalde t'loiii prairie
adventures at this l.ile seas if the year, with the
tlierniometer soiiielinies as luw as zero, was not Milli
eient to deter Lmd ( lio-Miior Iroin niidertakino a
iiiiieh loiioei- expedition lo the West, al'ler his ntinii
from hiinling Inill'alo. He startnl on the l.'L'iid of
Novenilier. in eompaiiy x\ ith daii.es .Maekay, one ol' the
must disiiii'^nishi'd and eiilerplisiiii,' nalnesof Si Ikirk
settlement, liir K"i ' I'.liiee. pi", ipi'siiio. siiliseipniitly, to
visit the I'liiie I'n^ on the l^hii Appelh'.
This advent ui'iMis J. iiiiiii", un hnr-eliaek. at so late a
period of the Near, i'iii,.-iili'iiii^- the slemier onllil nf
elnlhiiio and pnoi-inns wliieli Lord (IrosM'iior Imdi
with him, shiuvid 1111 ordiliai'V i.'niaoi' anil eoiilidi lieo
ill the piissessiun o I great phy^ieal eiidiiianee, .\ jmir-
iioy in dog earioles o\ er the snow is eomti.rt itself
ii'iiipare.l with riding i:i tin' taie nf a eiitliiig wind,
Willi the iheriii.imeler li"t far reiinned fr.'iii zero.
Liid t 'aM'ii.iish, Mr. .Se\ moiir. and Mr. .\sliley, eii-
gigi'd John ALnikman. Ill I hik Point, Lake .Maiiitn-
liih. to iirg.iiiise their tr.iiu nt' il"i;s, and iiiaki' ai'ralige.
null I s fur their Jill trill y tot row 's Wing, on tlie.Missis-ippi,
prop ising 111 return In eiv ilised life as soon as snllieiotil
siiiiw fell 111 make the eoiililry pns-iMe fur dig 'rains.
■ I'.'in Mniikiii.in is the iiiu-i iini'd ruiiner in Selkirk
>i'll li'iiii'iit : with hi^ m.ionilii'i'iil I rain ol dug-, piolialily
the lii'-l in Kupiii's Land, ho has aeenliiplished the
jiitniey lietween I'eiiiliina and l-'mt (I.iiry, a distaine
of -ixty eight miles, in se\i'ii hnitis and a half. The
molt .M.inknian enuaged, six in ininiliei, were generally
ninners. .ind priivided with o,,iiil dugs.
The prep 1 rat ion fur tin' w iiilir ji'iiiiiey nf Imlh par-
ties to St. I'.nd w.is railiii' nf a f..riiiidaiili' eharai li r.
I'M'ti at lied I'lver. reipiiring imt h-s than sixiiiii
earioles and shslges driwn hy lil'i\ ihg- in all.
It lieing lieees-arv lint I shniild t.ike with tlie a
nmnlier of genlmieal s|iii"iiii'ii-, liild apjiaratiis, Innks,
.V.'. my p.irty leipiiied nine e.itinlis and shdiii s, and
a I'lirresponding niinlii'i' nt' miii ; enh slid^e or
eirioleon a long wnnei's iniiriii y I'lipurtng iiie man
to man ige tt. altli.iii,'h llie sinie individual with wi il-
tr,iined dogs is .niii pititit tn inndiiel Iwn sleilo, s in
gonil I'lLids an I I'lr -li"i I i'Hiriii'ys, when time is imt an
olijeet and f.i'i I la-ilv aeii — ille
I eiigige.l a half lo 1 id, 11 itiird ('line, an exei lleiit
i'liniier, an! ,1 wiIIiiil; altind imI. In iii'o;ini-e iiiv train.
The di-l liiee lielwooii 1. 1 1 1 , 1 1 1 y and ( '1 nw 's W iiig
is ali.nit Mil luili's li\ til.' wiiili'i mill; and the 1. lily
phii'i'- whole -.niplii- r.iii I e 1. 1. tamed ale at t'l'liihina,
Jteil Lik". .iliil fas, Lake.'
'Tlieeliiif olijielioii tii travil with a lar^-e iiiim'ier nf iloi;.' in
thii ilillii'iiil.v of fii|.|.lviii:; thi'iii wilhf I, iinr can the sevirtd
stations he alwios ii'lio.l on to tiinii-h tiie ri i|nisite '|iiaiiliiv an
unexpei'ted intriisioti of iiiaiiy nf tlii'se linii'.:r>' ;iiiiiii,'il.s ilt iiiai. ..
Kaeli ilii;; n-ipiiri's il.iily ahoiit two p..iiiii)<4 nt priiiinicaii, or three
poiin.ls nf white li^h. 811 that tin' | lovi-ioii lor a tiaiii ol earoles,
i'iii|.l..ViiiU thii'lv dots, «iiiild iiivoUo the earriauo of IIKI llw. of
pi'llliiili'.lll, nr INHI llm. ot white ti>ll f'T A ten daVH j. in my ; A
team of tlireii ilo;;s wil! draw .'itNi Ihs l.niy niilis a-ihiy, for ten n'
twilvi ilayHinsiuai'Ssiiiiiif wellhd. .mil tlie road hr tnierahly i:"o.t
o\i'i' a livil emiiilry. \ w iiitur roa.l, it in ly he In'O- I'lni.ii kod,
I- 11. .tiling tn.'re Ihaii u laiioltt or nii e^i -liav k, i-.iiisrd hy tlm
pa.iiu)iu ul tbia iiriuultvo kiud ul vehicle uvur Ibi* runw, uul
I
350
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
!i
!■ '!'
From till' Iioiir il \v:i.s known in Prlkiik Sitllcnicnt
tliiit till' tu(i p.irtii's wimlii proliulilv ^l.irt iii':irly iM
th" s'linr tiiiu' — 1,'rr.ct I'lcliiii; cxisli'd .niioi!',' tlii' liall-
lirccd.s rc:<|icctiiiji tlicir ciiiliirimc, and tlii' cii.so and
spi'cil with wliirli tlii'ir doj;s coidd acroniplisli a lonj;
joui'Mi'v — a warm spirit of cnmlalion arose lirtwi't'n tlir
men attaclii'd to cai'li party, wliiili ra)iidly coininnni-
iMti d itsilt' to tlirir wives and tricnds. t'linc told nic
that he hait lie.inl ciinlidcntly that Monknian's |>lan
Wiis to j;ive ns tin' start for two da\s, and tlcn takini;
iKlvauta'^i" of till' road we should iiiaki' lliron:,'li llie
initroildi'n wildiTiiiss, jki-s ns tiinniphantly a fiw days
befini" woarrivi'd at Crow's Wiiij?. It i,'ii, dually In , .-ini'
evidont that tin- idea of a raro from Foil (!arry to 1
Crow's Wing conimnniiMii'd itself to tlio <,'i'iith-iin'ii of
liDth pirtii-s, and. inilttd, .stiiiiiilatid. nioro or h.-s, all
who woro to make the journey, ('line and his men
apjieared oxtreiiiely anxious that they should not he
far lieh'.n 1 their competitors, and even indiilged the
hope that if we got a lair start «e might not lie ovi'r
taken. When the sniijeet of .a race was first mooted
to me liy ('line, I I'eganled our ehaiiee as almost hope
les.s, eonsidering the luggage with wliieli we wei-e in-
eiimliereil. .Vl'terward it oec-uried to me that onr
ehaii.-e lay in the greater ea-e with which our party,
long inured to exposure jind t'atii,'iie, woiild lie ahle to
s i^tain long phy.-ieal exertion, an hallneiiiation, liow
ever, vvhii-h snliseipient ixperienee of the physical capa
liilitics of Lord Cavendish, Mr Seymour, and Sir.
.\-lilev, during their stav at lied liiver, ser\ed to
dispel!
All my tram lieing ready, «e started on Tuesday.
Nov i-ml.'r .'tilth, at an earU' hour fiien l''oii (iairv.
Hill to ik I'le east li.ink of Itid liiver thloiii_'|i iln^
French settlement. .Moiikman's i.arly expe. tid to
follow ill th" afiei-no 111. I r early on the foIluwiiiL;
morning t»ii Wcdue-lay we reached I'oit i'liidiiiia,
and stayed th • iii.dit with Mr. Mackeiizi", the olli, > r in
charge of the Jiost, whose .sad fate hi>l lleecliibcr (i\c-
i* ti ilil-' to Iii^ nlilitoritet hy t'\ofy fre^li fall. A ciirinl'* is
e iii'tructi' 1 'tf V ry tliiii litmnl, till li'cl lnni; and twcive or j
f'liirti'cii iii(-iii-i 1m-m:iiI, ttiriictl up tit eiir riiil ill till' f'liiii ( f II I
li ilf I'lrcU', lik-'l-it' Iwi V I'f nil ( ■j:ln'\\:t\'s iMi in this l.c;inl
a lii.'li critii'. like til'' tnily I'f a siiiiill ciiitIml'i', i" iiltacli"), '
al.i IT i-iclile.'ii i icli.s fi'i 11 lli'.'cii.l i.f 11,1' l.iiiinl cr IliKir. 'I i.e |
Iri.iu-vvork in (• iver.'.l wii i liii''';il.i--kiii pm-li cut, nml p:iiiili'<l or ;
ilnr.itel a'O ir liii.' to ta>t.' ; t'.f iu-nU' i< liiud «itlia liliinkct or ]
li itl'.il'i i-ii'm', iiiiil \v1i--ii tilt' tr:i\cllcr i-i Milted ill lii!4 cai-i-'K' with
(III' St retell -il ici*.; it ■ is n'lly M-para i il If iiii the (■ti'tu liy tho pi ink
th e tiir ii-i th.' ll' -r. \ si it/'- Is tint hi "i: irnrc tli;iii a Ihiti li'.aol
ten nr twelve' IVel 1-vi^, tUeUc aieles lire .d, tun ml njoit cite end.
'i"a>' liii:.'.!.;'' In attiii-heii hy iiieaii-* et liillah) nil' us, niid two or
tlirei' ll .^s .iro aicirss.d t" lliis fciiu|.lo vehicle hy t!.e siniic
inileri.il. The 1 'g< iitLieh- .1 ti) a c iri le life i;i'ni'i"ill.» ihe .m'cil
with c illirs, fr e.n .xliieli lie.id wntlv ai.il tassels me siis[4-;i<lei1,
ti.:ettier with a gtri'ij ul siuill li lis. When ii M.i n i* In luniiun ,'
the iln\-. r riiiH lie'iiiel tin- .mlcIi" or sle.lje, (:ui ii j; 'I hy iiiniiis i
ef a h>'\> tasiemil to oaeli luil .f the II ■; when timl or '
aiixiiiis t.) rid-.' h ■ sits on I lie stcjli h i\ cmiiiiiiuUL* the Itav- Ihr's
h.i-'u'i:?', »he I s las'eiieil t'l 'he pnij' ct iHi.' Ih'.ir ill reiir of the
c.iri lie, .ir I'I'c he s>aii'N im it if uo li 'X is atl:ielieil. A winter |
r -ad in itu'ririiil> of '.h-' hieiitUh nl the Ifmr of tlte eari"h'*, rarely |
I'M'iehu^" tiU'cn iiic .e«, ami of a dcpili pp.ip.iriiiai.ito to the
i|iiiitity r)f sii w which has lallen. In iiiiiKii ;; ;i new mail where
thesaiw i^ Icp. ii h.ilf htccd waUn cii Miiiw.sle.es khiui' (listanec
ill fruit nf the il'i.'i, wiiirh loll .w his triieks with thcnlui'ist pre-
risi '11 tlimu-h all in winiliiu's, iil'tcrf mrer five tr.iini h.ue p-i.s-i-il
till' r'\iil is p.mrally cms'il. re-l lohe nillieiiutly liatil pn-ss. d lo
ii-l nit cf till' «-.|sy passage of tlie suci-i'eiliii^ trai- «, heiu-i' n ^T at
I" I' is (raiiH'l in iloi.' travelling' if a new i-.-ad l.;i< rei-eiill\ hci ii
Mil '.V -I I'.l'V ill ailvanc' : I .il..- the rnill i» I-ep'aldcil, ilidi'cd, I
i-t il-.- dill t ililli i.l'y in jinriii-_\iii^' with dmri), |
scfilied fiirlher on) isa melancholy )iroof of tlie danger
.attending ti.ivelling alone diicing thi! winters of this
eliiiiate. The w Is and praiiies are then perfect
deserts; Indians lieiiig at their winter iinartcis, Idids
far away in the sunny south, and wild animals hylic-r-
nating. or seeking food and shelter in the thickest
|iarts of the swamps and forests. So eoinjilete is this
desolatiiii in the interior of many parts of liupert's
Land during the winter, Jiat .Mr. ( 'hi islie, chief factor
of the Hudson's r.ay ( 'onipaiiy, while tra\elliiig from
.\tlialia.sca to lied liiver, in I )i ccmher, l(S"i'.l, did not
meet with 11 single Indian tliroii-.;lioiit a long and di-eary
journey of linirteeii hundred miles.
The thermometer at rcmliiiia Frnt indicating 22'
Ill-low /ero on till' morning of l>ieenilier L'nd, when we
left the po>t, having pioctired another train of two
dogs at the small village of I'cniliina, two miles from
the Iliidson's li.iy post of that name, we struck across
the prairie to the "tirst of the Two Creeks," where
we c.imped.'
(Ill the followiiiu' day we.Trrived at rine. liivi-r. (line
made a eaclie of peminican in the river, some distance
from onr tracks, to li,' taken npoii his reliirn. A hole
Was cut thri'iigh the ice, then almiit lifteen iiulies
thick, and a luillalo hide thong h.'i\ iiig lieiii tied loimil
the liag, iiliil lasteiied to a. stick, it was let down into
the water jlist lu-low the ice, the stick lieing sliclehcd
across the orifice Liimiis of ice were then piled on
the hag of pemmicaii, iind water ]ionicd on I hem.
The temperature of the air lning iit the time eoiisidcr-
alily Ill-low zci'o, the water lii'/e the instant it toiichid
the ice, ••iiid lioiind the ni,i-.~i s toi;ether ill one hlock.
' .\ eiiinji is iilwayi* ina-'.i' in "wuds," if p^l^^ihle, fur the
siilsi- (it lilei anil shilter. 'Ihe tiist upelatinn istii sweep tli('sn<<w
trniii ihe piainil, anil pi'(|iai'e a place lia- the tin- and hhinki-is.
'I tiis -s fiis ly lleci'li'i'lisiicil with siniw-^liiii-s ; anil lis Kimii ns iin
1 r- a. prepi'itii-iii-d 1. 1 ihe .--i/e ct" the parti, is (-v|M>^e(l, a lire is
iiiiiilc 'i.tlieii iitly Inn;: 111 lulniit of I ach man 1\ inu' Inr the nii;! t
wifii Ins till ti-wjirds it. >o tent ccv. 1 iior (if liny ih>eri|-tinii
llt'l-lid a l.liil Ket, l-llt tehi ll nil 1 eh-*, is jnliii'^sih C, lis it. UiIlM
seiireely lie pMs.s lile to feht e:in\ils in llii- line liin^, iinil tili.e ih.i s
not ^a-in'riilly allnw of the ei-eiiinn if a l.nt, iinr inc the mute-
rials nlwiiis at hand. Wlii-n pii.e i-r spreco is m-i-i ssihlc, a my
(•(illif -rtiilih' llmir can 111 liiaiU' Innil the l-'iu;;lis j hut ill the
jiraiiie ((aiiitii, or on its In-idi is, these lis, Inl tins iire raiely In
he Men. As smin ns the tire is n inle, .ii il snp| 1 1- iu emiix- nf
prepnratii'ii. ihe dc^s are leil. .\I'l.r ealiiie their itl'iiwuiiee tor
the tweiiti f nr hi'iirs, the d- ^s n i k fcrwaiiii >if>U f.ir thene
wives, iir il till' iii;:lit Ul lerycolil. in d :ni wind hiiirin^', they
p-iitially I iiry ihetiisilveH in thepiu'W. .\s s< i.n an Mipi-er is dis-
cus e 1, whii II, w ith the hall-l iccis, alninst nnil lln'i enlisists of
colli peiiniii an and ti-a, nine.>siis lite takiii I'll, lii i> (I II (lamp,
and I lit i-ii ii.-iin ; the liie is n ph nisl.iil, mid one In i ii" i iieli
linn, or two t(.;:(-tl cr, c-ver ih-insiUeK etiiiipli-i( !y with their
I'l.inkt ts or ri'Us, tind f;o to i-let p. Mis-assii.K me i.iee-saiy in
iiiakin^ 11 winter Jcnrin-y, lei.'.hir Ismis or hhoes woulil he tiNi
t'nld. mid po.hihly lieeniiie hard 1 neither do thi-y lehni' of tlmt
fnidoiii (if ciieiila'ii'ii which makes a scl'l and pli.ihle iii-ieiiss-n
of ilress.ll l.nll.ilo or IniHiM' -kin .sowiirin and i -imliii lahle Ihe
fei-t rari '.\ ^i t wit in tiaiiiiii'L: in iln-i- leyuis; tic nitenso
ciilil pi I SI rics the hi low p(-rle( liy dry, iml it is m ly near ti •■ tiio
tl-.it tni'i-liire penetrates u in-e.issin ilniin;; cold w, iiihet- liiiiiii:;
a thaw II iiiiicas'iu is wi-t thiun^li inimi diateti, a ml il.eilihei-nilurt
iiiii-t In' i-nciiicil fiom eainpto camp, hut colds me nnkiinw'ii fiimi
this i-aiei-, il" exercise lie jm rscK-icd in. riiih r I he iin eassins the
h.-tf hriiids wear us(piire jiiece of llannel or hlanket wrapped
round the t(-el. to w-rve us ii siiMkiii;:. 'fhc fi ntleiin-n wnre n
pair of Worsted siiH-kin.s, a half Ik-uI of (Inllil anil linllalo-hkili
niiiciesiiis. ill (I no one c -iiipliiined of cnld tn t at tiny tiim-.
Ihe tit-l tliiii;:. 1-11 wiikit u' ill lh( niiirniiiL', is lo mtike up th*
till' and pi'epare ("r hre.ikl.i-t. \\\ ^'cnerally row- hy live, and
wen- ready to start hy d.iiliL;l.l ; lircakhist, rc-paekni: ih»
t'cildinj, calehin}; and ltarlll•^^illg the dn^s, usiialti (Ni>iip;e.l two
liiiiirn and u Ittdf,
FROM THK ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC.
351
F?'osli ico licing ailiU'il, ami watrr jumroil nn it, tlie '
liulc soioi lici'iime llllril with ;i sciliil iriMSS ; tlio uponi-
ticin was ciiiiliiiiird iiMlil a iiiuuinl <ini' tiiul, almvo tlir
frozen (■nitiici' (if till' livirwas a 'iMiiiiulatiil (ivn- tlic
L'lielii'. As I was rctuniiiin with ('lino to tlic phui'
wlifri' wc Im(1 left tlu' cariiili's ami iln^s, wi' hIimtvimI
two of lliisc sa;,'acioMf. aiiiiiials, wlio liacl Ih'cu iinliai'
licsscil \>\ iiiistakf, till' (liivi 1- sii|iiiosiiiL,' wo wen- j,'oiiiL; ,
to niiii|'. i|iiii'tly watrliiiij; our |iroci'i'iliiii;s frnm tlir j
bank of the riviT. Clini' with an I'M'lainalion of j
anjjcr and surprise, reniarlvi'il, " Now, if we don't tatic
cans those ««■;•'.< e/ii(!",< "ill try to get at the penmiican
to iii;;ht. and the rase als will tell the others ; I know
tlietn ><\' old, they served nio that triek lic'fore : we'll
tie them to uijiht." The' conM-ions doi,'s, with tails
depressed, started at a j^illoji liaek to the ivirioles when
they sjiw (Mine's threatening,' mien. In order to avoid
the hreakini; open of the eaehe hy the ilo;;s, whieli
niisht be the eansi' of Lireat ineonvenienee, and perhaps
stdU'ring, to the men on their return, we pushed on for
several miles hefire wn camped. IJIine counted the
do;,'s before supper, but ne'..;lecteil to lie the spies
having t'nimd tliat none hail strayed, he tlioui;hl t'.it
they miuht bi; tru>ted, and, wrapping himself in his
blanket. In- soon went to sleep. Itising long betore
d.iylight, according to our cn>loiii, severd wne so.iu
ascertained to be mis.-^in,', and not, being found, after a
r.ipid .search iu the ncighl>oui-lii"i I, ('line instructed
two of the men to make a ciicle rnun I the c.nnp, and
examined all tracks 'oy torehlii;lil. In a vciy short
time one of them came back, staling that fivsh ilog>'
tr.icks, pointing in the direction of I'ine l!l\er, wheri-
we had e.iclied the penimi.'aii Three or f Mir of the
men instantly started liack, and found the mi>~ing cl.gs
b\i>ilv eliu'ai.'c(l iu scr.itching at the cache. It «a-.-o
tliorouirhly frozi'n and compactly made lliat ihcy li.id
produced little impi'cs>ion on llie -mall inoiiiid of ici',
but no doubt time and pcr,i-M'i,ince wouhl have
enilblc'd them ' i reach the supplle,^ bi^nealh.
I'ine lliver cros.siiig is the spot fioui which Air.
Mackenzie, who had so ho>pitably trcati'd n- al Fort
I'euiliina, started on the niornin),' of the ■J'.ith Decem-
ber, I -^ I'.l, on his ill late.l jiMirney in seiireh of iissi.-.t-
ancc lie iiml sonii" c p.inioi iciv e.-eortiiij; tin
eugiiieer from (ieorge I'oan to i t iiirry, who wii-s j
travelling thither t.i maki' altcrai c« oid r.-pail^ io 1
the steamer Ahudh Siiilliriii>. then liid up fiu- 'he
winter ne.ir the Imlian >eltlciiiciit. Tin' pit' tell i
.short of provisions, and Wr. .Mackeic/ie pushed on, in
the hope of being aide to send .-upplie> tioiii I'emliin.i.
After leaving his companions, he appears to have
followeil the trail for soun' disl.iuce, and at the
njiproacli of lii',dit to ha\e lo.st his way. His b.'ateli
track showed that, in order to keep him.-elf from
freezing, he had spent the night in running round in a
circle. At the bre.ik of day he s>arted au'ain across
the ti'.ickle^s waste, but in a <lirecliou coiisidei'.ddy t ■
the eastward of liH proper course. A second day ot
fruitless waiiderini; was followed by a night more drciiy
than the lir.Nt. 'Ilie third day's jourui'y biought him
near to Itoseau Lake, tar to I he e.ist ward of his dotina-
timi ; here lii.s strength appeared to have failel him.
for, having hung '-oine shreds ot \\u coat on a tne, to
mark ids last rcstin',' place, he laid down beneath it,
wln-n- his frozen bo,|_\ w.is found, with one hand on
Ills breast, and the oihei' grasping a cmiipis.s.
I>ii thi' il.iy sill ceeding our eamp II ' Fine lii\. r, we
croBSi'il 11 very blouk mid duHohitc prairie, about i ii:ht
miles broad. I'orlnnalely the wind was blowing at otir
backs, otherwise it would haM- been insupportable, the
temperature ot' the air having fallen to I'll" below zero.
.\s it wasaliHii>l impossible to eiidi.re the inaction ill-
voivi'd III liciin; ti^'litly p ckcd in a .small cariole, not-
w iihstamiing a lilnral supply ol blankets and robe.s, we
pi'eferred to run after the dogs across that iiihospiiable
pi'.iirif, which, leiwever beanlifiil it in.'iy be in Mimnur.
is an exposed and desol.ite wild in Deceiiiber. Miilual
astiinishnieiit was e.xpies.sed at the iippearalice ]ire-
seiiti'd by each iiiilividiial after his long run ; our eye-
lu'ow.s, beards, nionstaches, hair iitid eve lashes were
uniformly frosted ; the moisture from the bieath had
foiiii' d icicles down our bcanls, which was tirinly
frozen to the ho'.ils (if our blanket coats ; patches of
frost bites mi chei ks, iiosc. or ears, ih niaiided instant
riibbiiu,' with snow, and the outside of the coat of eai h
man, from the nape of the neck to the loins, was covered
with a narrow sheet of lioai-fro-.t. hnuied by the .sulidi-
i'l-alioii of ihe insensible jier.spiratioii the muiiient it
< 'aches the outer air.'
' 'fill' ainii'tiriiMCC of n wiiilcr Ciuii]i. wlii'ti nioii ami do^s nro
hu'icii in jirnrimnil sliniiticr, is vi-ry wilii juul saviiixc. Tliruwin^
n li'iv iliv slii'ks into tlio tin', le lit-lit mi tl.c sceiu', lla' silent,
sliniiin-riiij; luniis ot" the ti:ive)lcrs are seen ^tr^■t('ill'^l in two
|i:ii'iill«l re\\>, witli tiu'ij' tii'I III till' fire; hftwci II lIic nu'i), one,
two, anil M'lnctinns tlini'. lii.^t' ilea's liavc iriiit ; .si, me jirc lyiiiK
on till' Ul's ol llic liiilf 111 Ills, liir llu- niKi- ot "iiinilll; iillicl'S
li.oi' t''ituiil a siin;r lici'tli cloM' to tlio lirr. Imt in ininiiiirnt ditiarci'
ot' liiiniiii_' tiinr Inr; a tcu lie coiliil oiilsiilc ol" tin' i a'clc, liiilt".
liuriid in llie snow- tlii> colil is no intcnsi', that tln-ir tiu'cs are
wliile with fre/i'ii brt'Jitli, niid scarcely (lisliii^nisliiiMc. 'flic tiri ,
even when in I'lill glow, h.is not iHjwir to null the snow niiiic
ih.in II l"t'\v ini'i.cs rioni it, wiihonl it is i'\)ioscil to ilircct and
pr'iliin;:cil r:uliati<'n. .Now and then a watchtii'i'-iiofr r.iisi'* hid
lii'.iil. prohahly di.stnrlicd li\ sonu' s.ighl inoiion ot" tlic slccjiers;
he liiiiks one.' ronnd. and then hiirics his I'licc ii^'ain. Sniiu'tiinen
a do;r will niter a low nioaniiit; |_'rowl, when three or four otlar
iliT'*, jii'-lvihiy old stiiiT' I's, will ronse tlitiin-('I\i-.s tor iin iiistitiit,
hsicn and ^r- wl, ;:ciK'rally nil looking in oiii' direction and siaitt".
in^' till' Mil-. .\ h.Lllli'icd siis ii|i, ioi,!<s at the ilo|.'<, ohsincs
lli.ir mien ai:d actions, and, alter a moMcnt's |'an-c, nUcrinir the
w rd "WoiM's," he iinickly coils liii isdt" nndcr his hl.inkct
iijaiii.
Till' nost di.»aL'i'eialilo ]rai't (if tla- daily ronlinc of a loii);
winter's jeiiriH-y is the catchiin: and hiiiius>aii; ol" the tings.
Siaie 111" thi'-c aniniaU, iit the h. i.-iiinin;; ot winlir, when Ires., at
the woik for Ihe sc;isoii, le ■ . i-iling restive ni.iler cciTcioii of
any di s.riiiion, and mi .ok. iniiitlv sniip at tluir iniisli'r.s, who
invuri.'iiily arm tlninwU'S with very strong n.iitiiis ot hnlla o
or ilii'i' hide, »hen liarnes»ing n savnge iinil iiowerliil iinniiul.
flii'V rei|iiin' lonii-contiiniiil iind most sivcri' piiiiishineiit, to
make tlii'in olu' i nt to the wird of cmninanil. 1 in i renin cut to
whiili iiiiiny of li.c I'lKir h^■ll^ts lire snhj'ctul wonl.i gH. Ihciii a
l.nr claim to the jjtiitii'lien ol a law iignlisl crne.ly t.. anilnals.
"I'he laces of some ot" . c tloL's w.ic ilrciidl'idly ihsli^uiiil hy tho
Idows which their nnCnoiij hmI IhoiiL-lilhss iiiasti r» inlhcted on
ihi'in. An bMpiiniaHi « iiip i- the iii»irnnant which cMiy driver
should b.' c'.olK'.leil louse; hut the hall-hlicds Inisl to sticks,
stones, "r my ohji'it within nai h on '.he mad, wlmh is pit kt'd np
.1- tiny pi-sand'tht'iinii at tlk'ili'g.<. It is paintnl to witness the
-iid.lei'i slai-ts of tenor with wliili einh inniniil. loohinv "^'er hi"
shoulder as III' lro!« alaig, wauhes the iniiii and inolions of the
diiver, lis he jioi* s iln stick wlmh he knows how to throw with
j such certain dcxle i y lit tho tn'iiliid nniniids. All the dogs give
a siamllai - .p'on one side, m the missih. llhs pusi them,
: whoii iliri" > tho leader of the train: and not iiiil'riipieiitly
would the .,o. le U' overturmd, if it were not tor tlie slivni;tii
and skill nl lia' driver, in hoMii;.- the hiop with which he s'.ccr*
it. Vi hill this I cciirri'iici' Inkes place, and the dogs are at lull
s|.eeil, tho iiiilv plan loll lor the lalphss traveller is to draw hit
arms chiso to his sulc, and wait until tlie liiiiole is righti'd hy llid
diiMr: liiit any attempt to right the cariole, hy I'ntting out all
,o r. i- a diiiircroua opcr.iti"n wi,iih niii;hl i ceasion u luokeii
iiiiili. Iu ill siei.ihlig sleep hills, it is llbvays advi-al le to walk or
run. w hirh all would in-i-fi r for llic sake of exorci.-i , > xcelil » heu
i :i
til
i
•!
3«2
On tl
will liaii
frmii tliu iiHiiitli of l\i'<l l.ak
vilhi;;!' ami Missionarv Stiitinii.'
ALL ROUND THK WORLD,
(■ 8tll of niMMMllllIT we
,'l ^{lIl'lHlill ^Mlll>|>ot' t\V
iiri'ivi'il lit Vki'A [.akc,
clvi' mills acriiss tlic ici'
liivii- to llu' Ojilu'Wav
ry i:><"l. ;m'! tin- triiiiK ciiii prfx-crd lor iiiiiiiy !nilt')<
.1 t *"..: ... .
It is
tln> rouil is very
nt ii piliop, witlmiit fati^'Mi
A lu'avv siiiiw-storih is :i srrioiis iiiiitlcr in tho pniirit
tlKMl :ibsnluti»ly lit't'tss.iry I'T iill tli*' t r.ilns tr) kfc|i rln-^i' tiipi't'uT :
till' .Irit'tiri-^' sii-nv sonti uhlil.T.tti-s ilu* r.':nl, :inil ;illliniit.'li the (l.._'s.
l)y nit'iiiH of their st'iisiliw ii'sc.-;, will t'ollmv tin- tnirk of llic
lf:nlirij- rariiilt', even wIhmi onnplcU-lx liiiiil»ri Ir'ni viow hy a Ii^lit
fill. \i" wlit'U ■!rtt>s an-niniil.tti- tliry uro at faiilt.
I'n'|»iiririj; tci ' iiiiip in II sii<i\v-st.»rin is not an a^n-rabU' ()|H'ra-
ti'iti, or sii;;^t'Ktivo of that coinlorr ninl safety wliicli a ramp
iiliiio'it alTv:iy« presents. When the tire is vmII liL'hteJ, Mipp.-r
ennlvetl ami e.itiMi, aiiil tlie p trt \ " turnei! in,' then it does not
matter liow mneli, h>)\v li'ivily it ^no\vs, tiie tnuhlc Inini;
reserved f<)r the followiiiij tliy After a heavy full (iiirinj; the
I sletli^^es, are eovered with a thiik
ni^ht, men, doffS, cariole-*, an<i sietii^res, are eovereu wiin a inn-K
mantU' of pure wKite ; a s uMe!! shout from the i:uiile enlivens
........ ..f tl..L mil >.■>-. lilt I !• Ii>..l..-..' l'..T>i>iu I'.i. >, I. ri. i.iii I .illli' lie tliiiit*
t.llv
.e.l only t.v
atlvanta-
the
•f Ih.
manv of the apparently li!rlc-s forms
outline: hut som*' of the ■^aL.'iieiotis ilu _ _
eo'ieealment atfonl.tl hyiiie snow, ami, <(Uite ne^Ieetlnl of the
Hiii'-tles Mini shouts ti\' their mtsters, "lie
il-iainetl for more llian tiiree hours on one
8iioH-.st(trni, hy some of the t|o;;s preserving- pi
motionless |M)-.ition iin-ler ih'ir eoverini;
yanls of our eainp rire. I'liey wen
systt-mitieally rnuml the eaiup lire. _ „ .
aware of the ailv.iutaL**' vvhieh
, the hiiirhre«'«U he:n_' 'juit
elose.- We
easiiUi, after a heavy
^ jierfeet -ilenee, aial a
_ of «.now, within tiiirty
f uul liy <lint of walking
•utinua'lv t iilar^eil
iireie, tlie hiiK hre''«l'' neMU 'piite aware ot t rn' ailv.iutaL**' vvnieli
tlieM' tMUiiiinj; imimals vmmiIiI taite of their aeei hntal eonei-nlnient.
A loud shont, every now ami then, announeed tliat a scareiier
had stumbled over a truint, uliose depresseil nnen and nni'ieious
Io.)k sho.ved !i ow well lie knew lliat lie had hiou the eause of
• I 4 1.1.,
lo..k sli
linxicly !inil trmihle.
' S.Vili nCliT til.
tluit till' KimiMii ('iitliiilif uiusiiiiiirv
tvvci iliiys previously, ill an :itt<'in|it ti i
siinvv-stnnii. t'nmi a i>ro!h.>iitt)ry nlnnit {w
^ioll. Hi' liail lii-i'ii
liiiii i)f till' I'l'vils "f a r. turn
an I iiivitril liiiii t'l )ia"i till' M
iiii«»!iiiiiiry tli'iiin'iit tii;it li'' V
tViiv.iuir iluriiiu' ID ^li'irt a tr:i\
arrival of tin- Id il I.iiki' Missinn, hi> 1. iiriiiil
liail lii'i'ii t'tii/.i'ii tir ilialli
till' ii-i' iliir-tiL' a
_. ;liS ll. low till' nH>-
vi>itmj; a i-aaip 'it' (>iili.''V.i\s, vvlio wariii'ii
I Our rcuirsc fnnn I?i'il Lake lay tlirmiKli tlii' womLi
lii'iili'i-iii^' li'i'il l.aki' Itivir. W'l' ti-avi'i.snl ilir.^,. verv
|)irtiiii'M|:ii' slii'i'l> of ffoziii Wiitrr, ami tliiii ai-rivrd
at Op.i-^likwa J.aki'. wliiili lies at tlir foot of tlio
(liviilliii,' riilt;i' coristitiitiiif; llii' lnit;lit.s of lami, tlio
watt T on iiiic siili' llowiiii; into Jlinl.-on'.s Jla^', on thr
otliiT into till' Culf of .Mi'xiro. At'ti'f |ia.^Miif,' tlii.s
iialuial lioiiiKlaiv, wr iios.siil 'I'mlli' |.aki', ami minii'-
roiis liramln's of 'riirllr liivii- alioMiilint; in wilil ijif,
ami i'iini|iril, on tlir cvi'iiiiii; of tln' HUli IIiti'IiiImt, rio.-i'
on till' lioiili'i-s of Ca.-.s l,aki', ami mar a ilii.'^trr of
Iinliaii xviuwams. .Slimtlv aflir miiliiij;lit. our ilia's
lir;,'an to liark fiiiioiisly. ami liir Ihiliaii fiini|i mi i:ii il
smMi'iily III ri'ii'iM' an iinn lal iiitliix of vi.sitors.
<'limiaMn' to nil' ami \\ lii>|iinil, " MonkiiKHi s conic. "
.At ilaylii-i'ak on the folluwin;; mornini; 1 ricoonisiil
.Monkiiian's (loij.'< t'latcnii.-ini; witli ( lincV, .-iml a
.sliort stroll to till' Imlian iaii.-)i j-atisticil nic llial liis
parly liail arriviil in i;iiial lomliiion, ami \vi ic ili.~tri-
Imtcil union;,' llic ililli'icnt v ii;\vam.s. I fmiml l.oiil
('avcmli-.li ami ,Mr .Asliliy in one tent, anil Mr. Si yimmi
as conil'ortalily '• ti.\cil" a... it was )io.-silili' to c.\|int or
wish for. iimlcr the liniinistanccs im-iilcnt to a niiil
niu'ht journey fioin the summit of the Jlissis-ii'i'i .>.lo]ic
ttilh til.' tliiriiionieter at /cio.-
St.irliiii,' several hours in ailvame of MoiikniiMi, we
arrivcil early in the allcriioon at the Imlian ayi my
ami villa;;e mi the south shore of I ok l.ecch. ami \»cre
very eoiili.illy ii ccivcil hy the ii^'ciit ; the oilier tra-
vellers eamt! iiji with us hefoie nij;hffall, ami the half
hricils of the iinitcil jiarty <h ciili d ii|ion lia\iii^'ii dance.
Kiililies were soon |iroenrcd, a i';i|aiiiiiis sti ic was
elearcil ol ijooils and pai kayes, .ind the ti mail' l'o|iiilatioli
of the a;,'ency and \illai.'i', whiili included s. me vciy
till' 1
lit ill ilii-ir
.III. I f'.l iii.iir
altli null til
luring til- St. inn,
i^vvaiiis ; lull t!i.'
ilaii^T' r ul
lliiTiii.nnt'ti.r
tl
lit' his steps. Willi ast..iii«li:ii,: a.-.'iiia.'y tliisc wiM nu'ii read
till- liri.'t' liisliiry ot' liis ji.iirney, an 1 r,-!ateii tlie iiiei.leui.s t.i iiie
as we sIimh! .Ill the liiuk* '.! tile Ui'ti Lake, with III.' t>jihe\vay
\illi;re ati.l til iirse .if the iinf.irtiiiiatt' missionary in view.
iluskv iul'iniiaii , p.iiiuiii." t.. the iee nut in n
•ilieiv he .'ir.t tiir.ieil liisliii'k
III! there lie knelt to pray," t.e Imtiaii tttiilinj lli
'■ riiere." s.iiil my ... .._.
tliati halt' a mile t'roiii the lioiises,
t.itlie ninit. aiiil there lie knelt to pray," t.e liutiaii tttiiiiiiu' tl
lU'li.in t.) the word, atiil kiie.'lill;; in the altltiid.* whieh tlletraek
fli.ini'il till' missi.itiary lii-l a.'S'iaie.l ; "miv ho f.l.-i'il t lie wind ali.i
ran :i)Z itll^t the hlinililiir si,.i.v ami pit less sl.irai ; h.Te tie llinied
h s h.iek 11;: liii ; I li. le hi- t r t.-ks siinved how he ^li|.p .1 ami till,
ami iiiiee a^'aiii where he km-lt t.i pray The in. irks ot :■ - liiikrer-.
were .si't'ti oil the erust of su.iw lyitikj in I'r.i/en palehes ■ n the iee.
Mtiee niorft he lell. rose airaiii, ktiill l.ir a-.\liile, atid ma.le a last
etr.irt to jiu.h iiL'aiti^t thesi.iriii." Thi'V eaiiii' at leiiulh to where
he had tatleii Tor the la-l .iiiie, ami siihsispieiii li kne t with liin
a.l t'.iiehinir till' sii.iw. II.. was f'oiim)
1 the atrin.le .it i.ray.-r. Ins head lii'iit
the ini.^ion must h
hands on th.' iee. hi- li
with his hamls ela.pe I it
llp.lll his hreist. fill' l):llkini5 .|..;rs Ul me iii[-^e.,i nnisi. ii.
lieeii aware that he was appr.iaehin.r, not with. landi.i;: the jrlotnn
iif I'Vi'iiiii),' aii'l the driltliii' snow , I .r they hay. d liereely in the
direeti.iii he was eomliiL: alsi'it th.- time lie is siippo.isl t.i h.ive
fallen. 'I'lie hairhri'i'ds h.'ard the il.i^'s, aid lii.iKeil nnt in expee.
ttition i.f seeing the ini-..i.in.iry appr..aeli, hut as the do^s so. .n
oumed to hark lli.y th.eiu'ht i! w.i- il faUe alarm, ali.l did li..t
i:ii to ntevt an. I assist him.
It waH paiiifnlly intireslinc to watch the Imliaiis relale the
b Tfativi' of this short hilt terrihle jouriie} liotii tlie iut'orinu-
tioii they had palhered frnni tl e iilmost tiaiklesn iie and mow.
The in.itatioiis i.t 111.' ai'lions and iioliuis ot the pei r nii».
siomcy, his a'tilnde of ]ir:i\er, his dri.opiiij; Inad tolirhilip the
e.ilil iee. Ins liaikward win ileriit», wire all so laithliilly repie.
seiiti'd, so Inie til nature, that the reality mimd 1.. U' eceuiini;
lielt.re I..,'. lather than tin' .sohinn iiiiiniity of a sataue. After
the Imtiaii win) was n.iist a.ti\e in iin| irM.itatii'f; thi- inifismn-
ary had limshed hi.s inoiiniliil tale, he ipiielly took a liplit.il
pij.e from one nt his cnlnpaliinns slalidir^ hy, al.il, ilra» inp his
iilanket ovir I.t- I ..id ...n Inmsi If n| in the I'roslrale Iruiik
ot It itit'. iind, withoul any rxptession nt teeiiii);, i-i.vi rtly planeed
in my laec, lo see the ilhet nl his larrittiM'; and when I
askiil him, ll.r..a!;h the hall hii nl ilitilpli ter, white the Isnly
was lyiiij;, he e..!,lly j.'in'i d w ;ih one tii.>:ir to a l..L'diiii clii'.e
hy, withunt withdrawii^ his pip- Iriin his iniailh, or hh.iwii.p
any fnrlluT iittirest in the iiHllir.
■file came nt the iiiissioi ary w:s l.iinrtn/ l.aiittjjer, fn in
KraillhtirfTh, in iarili.>la: 1 .- hud heili plated hy llit- half hi 1 1 lU
in a ron^h eotliii iiiatle Ir.in hall a th./rn pti c Isiaids. anil, i.s
he hiy rol».l in liiH prii^lly vi stim nts. e: liii. aid wiilout any
tniee of silM'etii.i;, it (leenid iiltn. st in |H.ssilile to li-alisf that
he I ail JMst ihel with tlealh in si eh a tirrilile tonn.
When wt; nrrivial ill I'row*.. W n t:. a It w ila\- alter this nail oe-
nlf.l ee. I went to si o his It-.tlur niissinliaty .tali.'lied ihi re,
.iiitl rt'iat.'d to hint all the kn.-wn eireniiistanee^ ..I h .. .leuili, : .. I
li.id receiM'il tlii'in Ironi the liiif hmiK antl linliaiis i.f lod Lake;
ati'l then leartie.l th.ii the Ke\. I iinit-ti/ l.iiiitipt r wa* an .\nstrian,
a liiati well skilled in imviiy latiniiaui s, pioiis, d. v.lid aid inost
enlhnsia-lie in Ins endeaUMlts till In i-t lai ise the I jil.ew..\. ..f Itetl
Lake, lie ha.l iH.t Iseii l.e.j; in the coin. try. Ol he w. iild have
had the t xiHTietiee n. eesMiix to ^-n .1. hini in Mil h a iii^'ht a.s llitit
ill w'hii h he met his iiiilinuK tile
' A missinn WHS estahlisheit in I'ass Lake in Istl. imd the
t'iinilili..ll of the 111 hall IS report. d to hau- hi t n mmh alin K.i-
r.ileil liy the eierii..ii~ of ti.e niissi..iiai'ieii. The Imlian xillape is
siliial.i|..ii holli sides of Tinlle li'iMT, anil i-i.titaii.- «e\ . ral hv
eal.ins t.reeli'.l l-y the natives. No spit itiions h.'m.l l^ Js nnitted
tt» U' inlrotlne,il t . llii^ |sirl of the Indinti l;..,r\es m NLiiiie.
I sola. Thi'pi.is|Hi ol the llal ans. and their jrr nhial appfoa. ll
I tiicniliNttioii, ia pri'liahl}' Urgul^ due lu thu pr.dnhii "ii.
li tlic woihIs
■il (licsf xery
tlirii airivfil
t'oi.t dl' tiic
111' lilllll. tlio
\ I'.iiy, (III till'
|«i>>iii'; tills
>', iiiiil iiiiiiii-
; ill wilil lii c,
■(•(•llllirr. cliiM'
■ II cliistrr of
.'lit. mil' (li ;;s
ciiinli M'< l:ii il
. of vi.sitiir>.
;iii:ili s ciiiiii'.
1 iini;;liis< cl
ilir's, :iii(l a
I nil- tliiit Ills
111 wnr cli>lii-
I f..iiiMl l.c.nl
1 y\i: Si yiiiiiiii
L' til r.\|ir(t or
li'Iil til a mill'
>.>-iN>i)il'i s-liijir
lliilikli:iili, Wf
lllli:ill :ij,'rlnV
illi, mill wrl'i'
till' iillirl- lia-
, iiiiil tilt' lialf
laxili^'ii (ialiii'.
IIS i-li ir was
lali' |'i>|>iiiati<i|l
rd >' 1110 vi'iy
'f» ici' iiiul snow,
I ilii' I'lir iiiin-
I Inlicllillj; tlu!
iiitliliillv ri'liii'-
t" U- ociiii iiijr
suritui'. Afti-r
p till' lui^:^lll|l-
ti«-k il li^-lit.il
1, ilril\^ ill^ llin
ri'vtriili' Iniiik
Miilv jrliiiii'iii
; miii Ulll'll I
line till' ImiiIv
II liiir-lillt oln^i-
ill, IT hlici»ii,(;
laiitipr, fn in
llii liiill I'lniU
1"
1... Ill lis
111.
il uiilniit liny
til ii'iilisv I lull
iltir 111
is will IH"-
nil lliirf,
I
I II V ,l,alli,
i>r IN-il l.likr;
u;i- nil .\n^lrmn.
nil (I 111 it nii>>l
,l„w.,>...|l!.'i>
In- \\i iiM liiive
1 II iii|ilii lis tluit
isil. mill tlic
ii:.
II iiillrli illiir
hiiliiin \illii).'i' Ik
111 1.1
lllll II I'l
litli'il
Miiiiii'-
rniinl iipim
iiliii'iiii.
!.i 11 KN \1' '1 \ IAIN-
I.
M 1l
FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC.
passiiljlc liiiK brorfl girls and " wivns,"lmviiiff )iroiii|)tlv
asscinlilcd, ii snics ot' livrly (Iiiihi's innimcMi'i'd, wliii h
was ki'|it up till iK-ar iiiidiiiL;lit In thr hIisi'iut nt'
whiskey, tli.it ciirsc' ol' s.iviiifc .iml lialt' civilised lite,
Htriet iir(i|iiiety iit'deiueaniiiir was inaiiitaiiied tliinii^^h-
out, altliiiunh llnro was uii laek iit' luei riiui'iit, jnlce,
and 8(iM}{. Tlie seeiu" was reinleicl muro sliikiu;^ and
(•liaraeterislic <if the wild !i(u i.t' theso reunite wimmIs I at a ra|)id |iai() duwn the M is>is>i|7|,i sldjie, and here
by the preseneo of snuie Indians, wlm were attracted ! the r.ieo hegau in earnest. The mad was in' e.xcellent
frnin a neii;hliiiuring iani|i l>y the unusual soinids of | enndili.in. the day hrl'^lit, ami eold, the dugs ea^jer .ind
'i""«>'.v. and the ne-n and travellers in ■.'cud eiindilidu
and e.xeellent spirits After a splendiil );all(ip of
twenty miles, weenteicd ( 'mw's 'Wiiij. in ihe tiilldwin^
356
After a rnu of twenty-six miles, Oline ramo up with
Mnnkiuan a few minutes after hi' h.id st(i|i|ie(l for
dinner; Mr. Hiikinson followed elo.se hehind me; and
in aniilher hour lioth parties were to};etheiiif,'ain 'I'he
nuxt inn was to luinu' us to Crow's \\ inn, hetween
nineteen and tw, nty miles disiiun e. Staitiui,' in order
in which weaii'ivcil at the eanipini; Kronnd, we hurried
music and danoin;;.
Monknum started a frw minutes liefore us in thi
niorniiif{, and we had the advantaije of the road In
made, which, however, was not much ■,'ain, as a ^ood 'ird<r, ami close to;,'el her ; I.onl (,'aveudi^li, lirst ; Mr.
track bid already been formi'd lietweeu Leech and Seyunmr, second; .Mr. Hind, third; lion.' Mr. Ash-
Crow's W'-i^. Aftera fair days' journey throni,di a nla^' , lev. fourth; Mr. Dickin.son, fifth; Mr. Flcmniings,
iiilieent pin.f forest, bith parlies camped close together I si.xlh; the rest nowhere,
about forty miles from our ilestination.
Cliue began to pluck up his courage, which had
received a check, when he found Monkinan pushing on
until midnight in order to overtake us at Lake t 'a<s.
If we had not been conipelle 1 to wail for tin' he ivy
laden sledges we should have made much longer diiilv
III.— TFtlloUllII THE COrXTliY OF THE
I'.I.AOKl'KET, TO THE ItOf'KV MOUN-
TAINS.
Tin: ExpeditionofC'aptain I'alliser. in l.'^.'i.'^.totheHocky
JDiirney.s, and no doidit Monkm.in would have tiMvcllcd Mountains, through the counlrv of the Itl.ickfcet, was
more rapidly. Fifty miles a day, with high caiioles attended with almost unexpciii.i|ly brilliant and ^ucl•ess-
with good dogs, would not hive I ii out of the w.iv I'ul results. Thezealons labour.^ of thc> dilli'ient members
On the night of the ll'tli we slept for the I ist time in ol the E.\)ieilition eti'ei-led the discovery of no less than
the wood.s, and both travellers and half breeds lo.ikcil .--ix new jia.s.ses, one of which promises to be of the
forward with some anxiety to the race on the nenrow. highest importance to the fnlure progress of North
Moiikmau and (,'line had agreed tint both pai'ties Auieriia. ami, indeed, to the intercommunication of
should start together iu the order in which thev the" families of men. The^e pas.ses were as lidlows : —
(ain|i' d, and our tiie w.is made about a hundred yards : 'J'lru, from the siaith branch of the Sask.ilchewau
in advance of Jlonkinan. | to the Kutanie river, viz., the K.inanaski and Ver-
V\'e rose at three and started at five ; the thermo- ; mi. ion.
iiii'U^r showed a few degrees below zero, but the air Tim, from the Knta.iie river to the Colundiia, viz.,
W.18 still, and the .ilmost illimitable pine forests com- the Like and the IJeaver Fork.
pletely hushed ; not the slightest breath ilislnrbe I the Oni; between tln^ south and tin? north branches of
tall and light tops of the trees.* We ran on in silence the S.iskatchewaii viz., the Little Fork,
for halt' tin hour ; the hungry dogs themsclM'S appiMi-cd Om, from the south branch of the iSaskatchewan to
to be .sensihie th.it tlcir long journey was drawing to the Columbia, viz, the Kicking Horse,
ft elo.se, for .scarcely ,1 iiite of encouragement or reproval In addition to thc-e, the Northern Kutanie Fass
was uttered by the half brei'ds My caiiole Icil ilie has been laid down, and found to I.e within Jlritish
way, the others of my pirty followed in the rear. Some territory.
forty minutes after we h.id sl.irted, the dogs liciii',' The niovt proniising of all the routes, for the purpose
thoronghl)' w.irm at their work, we iieard a yelp far of cro.^sing the liocky .Monnliins. appiars to be thiit
bchiiil lis. (.,'line whispered to me, ■■ .Monkman's p:i.>s- l.iid down by l)r. Ilictor. He followed (he Low Liver
ing there ; " .and during each succeeding live miniilcs. Iribulary up to the waier parting of the continent;
yelp after yelp annoii'jci'd that thcMithcr trains were then continued forward until he reached a traiisveis-e
being pius.sed until, in little more than an hour from water partiie.', wlii.h divided the waters of the ( 'o-
our start, I lie.ird Monlinau's wfll known voici" close liimbia and North Saskatchewan on the one hand, from
behind me. Without speaking .i word, he and the tho.se of the Kutanie and South SaNkatchew.in on the
lariole he was driving pa.ssed mine. A thrill of I'xcile- other. There he fouiio the facilities for cros,-.ing the
ment pa.ssed ihroiigli me \\|i,-ii I felt the w.irm l^rc.iih nioiintains to be so great, as to leave little ,lonbt in
of his powerful dog-i b.'at upon my face, as the imlile his mind of the practicability of connecting the | Itiiiis
••reaturcs sw ifi Iv trotted past. Neither dogs imr men, of the .S.iskalchew.in with the opposite .side of the
nor tin? miillled up iiiimiles of the c.iriole. made tiiiv nitiiii cli.iin of t!ic Locky Mounltiins, even by means of
^igii. One after .inothcr, Mr. Seymour, l.or.l C.iven a rtiilmad.
dish, tiiid Mr. A>hlcy, llitted iioi.seles>ly by. Cline As regards the scenery of the Locky Mountains,
whimpered again, '-They make ti good m.id ; my dogs thi're is a renniik.ible absence of petik.s. Fine ghiciei-s
will not be fir behind." lid the upper hollows ot the range ; tind from ditreient
It is impos.^ihle to describe the feelings which this tiriiis of tin' same l.irge glaci.r proceed the north and
ripid filcnt gliding through those \ast pine forests south liranches of the Saskatchewan. The snowline
inspired. Morning daAvned slowly, but the gloom of appetirs to li.ive been between fi.tMIII and 7,IM)() feet
the forest .seemed to gr.iw more intense as] oci'iisionally aliove the sea. In hit. ."il" 4(f, at a height uf (!,, '100
cimglit giimpses of the brightening sky above. The feet, snow wtis lying ill iiatches under the slitide of
sun rose without ii cloud, gilding ihe tops of tall ti s, notwithst.inding a cletir mid dtiy sun.
trees w itii ,an iinleseribable lii^tri', bcinlifiilly rellecled [ There is very lit lie g.ii ilioiit the mountains ; the
by the sun wherever the golden ligln, peiieir.ilcil. j most rciiitirkalile animal of tlio,e that »'xist is the white
956
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
t (
■:■?: t!
p[i\\t. Tt lives on the hiclifst )iarts of tin- niiigi', iiml
si'Mnm cl^.^^•('lllIs. As ii ioiis<'i|iii'lii'C of llir iilisi'ili'i' ot'
^Mini", ImiImiis iiri" r.iicly iin't willi, aii'l imni' of tlu'iii
|i.issr.-^< otiirr lli.in voi-y vii'^ui" kiiowloilj*!' alpuiit. tin-
pisstM. Tlio Kuliiiiit' Imliiiiis iii'o ii wri'tclicil set, tlioii;;li
I'icli ill Imrsi's.
Till' ciniiitry III' till- l'|i|>('r S:i.skiitrlii'\vaii was fniiiiil
ti> lie t!ir Irss tVilili' ami wrll-tiiiilpi'ii'il than hail Inoii
.sii|>|i(is('<l. 'I'lii'ii' arc lavi,'!' tracts of worthlfss soil, ami
i"oii>taiil prairie tiri's iiavi' iittiily ilotrovi'il tlio ;»ri':itcr
jMirt of the timlicr — so iiiiicli s.>, that tlio travellers I
wiTO usually ii> ilillieulty owiiij; lo the want of fire- ■
wood. I
Aliout Fort Kdimuitoii' wheat is raisi-d, and oa'tle
rt'inaiii out of doors the whole winter. Potatoes grow
exi'elleiilly.
A eiirious i;eo;;ra|iliieal fiMtiire resulted t'roni these J
explorations, which was, that when^ tlu' rocky moiiii- I
tain^ lose to their lii:;lie>t altitii<le, there arc to he |
faiiid ilie lowest depressions or piisscs, so that while
the Aii;,'lo-Aiiieric.ins, in travelling' to the central parts ^
of Caliloiiiia, h.ive to eiic.iunter passes ut "DtlO fi'ct I
ahove the sea, Kinilishnien ni.iy, on their own ground, '
travel through gofiii's only "ilKMI feet aliovo the sea.
The manner in which these iiii|Mirtaiit ilisi-overios
wero etfectcd, wa.s as f illows. On proccediii;; I'roin Fort
Carlton. Ciptiin Palliscr showed his gooil sense in
a)iproichini,' tlies.- iiioiiiit.iiiis from the rich lUitfiilo
prairies niidwav hclwccn the North .ind South Si>kat-
i-hcwan. .\n experienccl Ijiiiralo hnntcr himself he
knew that il' his men w to not well supplied, liy no
ctforts, however well directed, could they succeed.
' Kdinonlon it a well lutiil }il'ic>', soiiitthinir of a Iicxai^nn in
fcinii. Il 1- s!irri)'in Icil by liii;li pii'kcis ami l)»sthmM, wliici,
*itii llu* l»attliMii'iit ua'i'vvHis, I'll- tl i::-t it*^, it *., Hive it a i;o i I
(liMil of II niiii'tiiil .i{ipi'ar.iib'i> ; ninl it in'i'Uiiit's a coiniiiainliii;;
91111'ition, crewintii -iri aiiiio^t pcrpcii'lu'tilitr part of tiic b.iiiK,
ntuml t Ao hiiniiri'.i It'll iii iii'ighi. fnc nvcr i-i nearly iiii wide is
Hi l'«rltiiii. wliile l!ie i .11 ile biiilii :ire well womlel, aal llie
coiintrv beliiinl e Mi-j-i- of r<iiliiii; prairiei.
Tnis fort, bitii i i-i le iiml oui-o.le, 14 ileeor.ited with pinilin:»s
mill ileviee* to "nil tlie lasle of the •iiiviii;e'! mat lrei|ii'il 11.
Oiei the i»ate«a\ iipe a m i-l t''iii,ii'iil v.ini'ly of v.aiie.-i ; hut ihe
hail, of wliieh both tile eeiliia; ami ilie wiiln prevut tie
i;nii-l:e:'t i*ol»ur^ aihl the iiuwt riiita>t;e !*t ilfitures, iihiolniciy
riven llie i-toMiille I llilivei to Ihe npot with .viiileranl i loll- I
rrtiion. The hiiihliiii;* are siieareil with 11 fe-l eiriii, t'liiti 1 ei
tlie iieiiilihourho 111, win -li, wiieti imxeil witli iiil, prodiiee* a
iliinbie brown.
The vieinii.v in rieii in niitieral proiln ■tioii-i. .V j»eain of ei>al,
ib"iil ten teet in ileptli, eui he tr.ie.-.l lor a very eon<iiler.ih e
(l;-la'tie :iloni» hotli <i les of the river. Tins eoal re'eniSien
«l:ile in iippearanee ; anil tlioiiijii it reipiiri'- a fitroii^er dr.iii^hr
ol iiir than that of an ordinary ehininey, yet 11 ii* foiiii i lo answer
tolerably «eil lor t le hiaek^iiiitliS forg,' I'etrifietion* are alio
found 'lere m alnind inee, and ai the I'ort tiie-.' wa* a puri' ^to■le
whi'-li had oiiee bi'eii a I04 of wood, ah,, at six feel in lenjrtli.ai I
four or live in L'irtii, til ■ rest' iiblanee being so euiiiplele a* even
to deceive the eye.
Kdiii'iiiton IS a larije rs'iibiidini^nt ; as it lins to furnish ninnv
other disl net- wiili provisions, a lar^e siippiy is alwuys kept on
hand, eo'isisiinn entirely of di led meat, tongues, and peni niieaii.
'I'nere are usuallv nere a etiiel faeior and a clerk, with fortv or
lll'ty men with ilieir wives and ehiidren, Biiioiintini; aito:;etber
lo aliiiit 1:10, WHO ad iive wit inn tlie piekeis ol tin lort. Their
eiiiployineiit i-oM-ists eliielly in tnii.dini; boais for tlie trade,
(lawiii.; tuiibiM-, -tiosl of wliieii they raft ilnwn the river from
ninety miles Iniiher iip, euttiiin up tue sinaii poplar, vilii h
»b)iinds on Iho nia-jjin of the river, lor liri' wo.el, HilO cords ut
wliieli are eoiisuined every winter, to supply the iiiiiiierous tires
in this estahiisliniiMit. Tlie empioMiient ol the wmneii, who are
nil, witliont a Miii;le e\ee|ilion, either S'piiHs or hall-hreed-.
consists in niikiiit; inoeassiinj and eloiiiiiig lor tli- men, and
C"ii»orting the Iried meal into iiemniicaii.
.\ccordii)o|y, Imving ostnhli.shed n pood linse. and liar,
ini; secured alitindant jirovisions at Sliiu;;htrr Creek,
he liivided his tiiice into tliiee parlies. I.eailiii>.' one
of these himself across the Katianaski '"ass. and re-
tiiinino hy the Kutaiiie I'ass in nnrlli liitiiiiile '10^',
anil dircctino Captain Itlakislmi to explore the still
more soiitheily or I'loiiiidary Tass. he .•■ent I'r. Jlector
to traverse the chain hy the Vermilion I'ass. tunl tii
explore the much lotticr iiioiiiilains into \\liicli tliu
chain rises in ils trend lo the N N.W.
I'reveiitcd liy his in.-trnetions I'reiii dcscciidiii},' into
the valleys of the Coltiliiliia. and there to uscerlain
pr.ieticalilo roiitcH to llie Far NVe.st. l)r. Hector, tliongli
so sevendy injiiied hy the kick of a Imr.-e as to le in-
capacitated IVoin niovinij liir .sdiiie tl lys, cnntiiMil so to
travel tiorthw.irds as to voiiiid the ha.-e of the loftiest
nioiinlains of the chain lafore lie ictniinil to his winler-
iprirters in Octoher, niter an aliM'iice of (iohiii n weeks
from his chief, hut laden with valiialile p,'t noiapliical
and geolooii'al knowledfte.
In this sllrv^y he had the merit of .sliowiiii; that the
Vennilion Pass — which is less than .'"idim Ii 1 1 hifili, iind
therefore llKM) feet lower than iiliyotli(r kinvMi (niss
of the Itocky Mountains — had iiiiothti- dciidt il ndvaii-
tage over them, inasiinieli as its westdli .sin] e, fidin
the siimiuit level of the lioise j atli, is no little ^teep
that its explorer li .s no doiiht lliiil cm 11 a loud for
carts may he then' estahli.slied. 'Hie desiinls west-
ward, or into the drainage ot tlii' Coli nil ia, in the
other pas.ses, are exceedingly i-tup; niiil iiemnling to
Captain lilakistmi, the Kntatiio I'ass laii only have a
railroad made along il hy the Ii niialicli (<f tiiiliils ol
several miles in length, aid \>y < 1 i ountei ing the (lifll-
ciilty of the steep western fiiailiint of I'.il Itet pel
mile.
.\notlier sitigiilariiilur.il fcatnie of < c ni]i!iiiM'ii is,
that whilst the Vermilion ra.s.s is less than fi.td f el
aliovethe sea, the adjacent iMiiintains <ii the iimtli
rise to near IC,(MlO fct, •■■howiiio tl,,. j;irat depth ol
the gorge On the idher hnnil, in the iiiiij.e laAoiid
the jSrilish lioiinlary, to the Fouth, and wlieie no
peak inot even that of Freniont) e. ds 1 Il.t I d fi it,
the pa-ses raiige from GlUhi lo T.fOtifiit hith
Already, in ISol. .Mr. Asa NVhiiiiiy. ol lli I'nilid
.States, ill piop.isiiig his gionntie plnn ol nii inti r oceaiiie
r.iilw.iy, had st iled that tlie lust line ol iniereourse
hctwceii the two o.iaii~ uoiihl he filil.d within the
IJriiish territories, ami the ralli.-er e.xjiililion iiiis
already gone fir to t!i niniistrate the tintli uml value
of this statement.
With a kiiowledgo of thi' daia anpiind hy the
Pilliscr expedition, nil 11 of iiideiit ii.inils already eon
tc'iipkiie the formation of a railioail. or if not, of a
pr.ietica! route, which, traversing Ihitish possessions
only, shall comieet the Atlantic ai il I'acilie Oceans.
Pint when we reHect that the liiigth of this line is
aiiove I'.nilil Kiiglish miles, and that the greater pail
of the route on ill" east will have to tiiner.se wild
. and iiii| pled regions we cannot rush to hasty eoii-
idiiMiiiis as to the pr.icticiliilit v ol sinli mi enlerpiise.
Neither ought wc to deride a plan which may he nlti-
nialely c.illed for when I'.i ilisli ( 'nliimhia and N'alicouver
Island shall have ri-eii into that imporianee which they
iiiiist ;ilt till as ihitisl Ionics. For. it is now a.scer-
taineil. that the tract lying hetweeii the North and
South Saskatchewan on the east is one of great fertility,
where no inieii.se cold prevails, and that, i;ee through
the Hockv Myuntuiii!:. tiic traveller caters a L'cui.trv ol
PROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC.
357
ii'iliHN iiiid licli V('iji't:itirii, in wliicli rvcii wliiMt iimy (irst timi- sincu riciiily linty yciiru, traversed a district
li(^ j,'ni-.vii .'it lii'ii;lits ixn'ciliii;; L',()(MI tri't 'ilxivo tl
Hen. Ill lli>' iiiriiiiliiiii' we iii'i'il, at nil
lies.tatji'ii III ;i~~iiiiiiliL: 'li'it tlie eleclrii'
ere ) mu'. lie :i! wuik neinss j'.iitish Nmlli Aiiii'riea
V/lirllier mil' lit' tlie lieii,'lits ealled .Miiiilits i'lliiwii
anil lliHikei' liv Mr. |)iiii<;las, in liiiiiniir of mir eminent
wliirli lias liiirne a very ill name amimf; wliite men —
vints, have no tlie eiiiintry of tlie jtlaeicfoet and lUmpd Imlians.
Ii lii,'iM|ili will. That tliey hail ilnnesn in sat'ity is due, in simie def^rec,
til tiivciiiralile eireiimst.nH'es, Imt aUu tn the tail and
skill (if < 'a|it:jin rallisir in eDlieiliatiiii; their alVeetinlis.
Arrived at the Knot of the limkv .Mmuitains, tlieit
liiitaniiiil eiiiitiin]iiiraries. lie still hi;;her thiin the expeetations were far more than realised. Not one
^!olllll .MmehiMiii of I'alliser ;ind lleetor. it is eei'tain pass, as they supposed, Imt many practioahle jia.^se^
tiiat the ihaiii diiiiinishes rapidiv in its tri'iid I' this were iliscovered. Two of theso seem to merit, in an
eliister to till' north. We know, indeed, lliat .Maeken-
zi.', the tirst ;,'reat exiilorer of those rei^ions passid
thtouyh the iMiine in ninth latitude .")<1 , at, a eompara
tivelv lower levid. .\irain, we further know, that in
espeiial decree, the attention of the pnlilie in this
einintry ; lieeaiise. siiiee that expedition was sent out,
^n at national interests have In me involved in the
•oiii'MiiniiMlion with the west coast of America, in
irm Iiii;j iiiirthwardH tlnv-e iii.iintains dwindle into eonseipieiice of the ;;iild discoveries in that far distant
in<ii;iii!icanee Kcfore they reach the Arctic (tceaii. » rei,'ion.
It is turlhei to lie ninaiked. in eonnection with liy Mr I'alliscr, h ad^ int
tlii-e discovei iis, \hai the intrepid travellers, fur the river, and |iasses d.iwn il
I he new southern pass, which was di. covered
the valley of the Kiitanie
ciaiise of that river inti
l( r 111 ealuc
llilercolllse
within the
litiiiii has
and value
1,1 l.y the
111 ally eon
not, of a
■ OSM'Ssilill-
c ( tec-Ills,
lis line Is
later pall
Mlse wild
h.isly coii-
eiiterpiise.
IV lie nlti-
Naiieonver
which they
now ascer-
Sorth and
il fertility,
llirini;;h
Ltui try of
CHIMNev ROCKS, ON THE BANKS OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER.
Aniericati territory. The two more northerly p.is,ses
are eiilirely upon llritish iirniiiid. One of them, the
Vermilion T is.s, lead- to the Kutanie river, near to its
source; and i second accessiiiy pass presents itself ilii-
niediatcly ymi have ciosm'iI the ili\ idiliu' ridj;e of the
Hocky Mountains. Turning to the right, with scarcely
any )n'rceptilile elevation, ymi pass from the head
waters of the Kutanie river to a Inanch of the Colum-
Ida river. Nurthward of that is another Jiass, a little
higher, called the Kicking Horse I'a.s.s, of which we
have not yet the full dctail.s. It remains to hedecideil
which of these two passes— Imth of them very eligililc
ill point of geii;,'iaphical position — will he the more
Mvailalile fur use, suliject to the eomlitioii that for a
gre.it part of the year the moiint.iin range must I c
covered deep in snow. One wind, however, as to the
mode of gettini; to this country. The red dillicully
a]ipears to he in ini- -sing that small portiuii which
lies lietween the collier ol Lake Su|ieriiir and Kaiiiy
monntahle ohstacle in carrying a land-road, for ;■
certain dislance. to the westwani, ]i:i|-allcl to the coursi-
of the White fVli Kiver, which talis into the Kami-
nistoipioiah soim-what lielow the Kakalieka Kails, lint
then there comes a region of swamps and locks, so in-
tricate that one never .seems to remain long on either
land or water ; and without .some enormous mitlay,
there seems no practicahle mode of making a land-inail
in that direction. Nor is there any ennvenicnt way of
travelling hy water, e.tcept liy the tedious one of small
canoes and crossing portages, of which twenty-six were
loiinil in the lower emirse of the Wlnite b'i.sh liiver.
I>ut the sm.-ill space of tifty or sixty miles from I'igeou
liiver to the Kaminisloipioiali, h:'-- never yet lieeii
explored liy white men ; and it it should lie found
that thei'c is a sullicicnt amount of dry and .solid land
on which a loiil can he made, it will throw open to
r.rilish ehii'i-piise, in the valley of the Saskatchewan,
a Ir.ict 111' 1, iritorv of greater extent than the wliolo
Lake. It dii
iippi
liowever
that there is no iiisiii-- o
f !•':
d I'liiirliiiid nut toyet'iei-
d«e ALT, ROUND THK WOHlAl
Anodipr fonture of tliis country I'a thopxtnionliiiiirv i livcis llimin^' |iiii.illil to nicli otlicr a (i'w milos upiirt
n it nil', t' till- \val«'r-»li(Ml in the IJiK'ky M.nintums. Kx-
lejit in tlir* 'ar|Hitliiiin el ain. we li.ivc iidwIh'iu in tlio <ilil
world iinytliin;; exactly liko it I'lic rivt is sccni ti> |ia>s
noross till' axis ol' j;n'ali'st olrvatinu. 'I'lu' two main
lirai I'lies of tin- Saskatflu'WHn riviT jmss to tiu' wi>t-
wartl of till' Iiii,'lios» ninnntains in tlio cli.iiii. Mmiiit
Murciiison and Momit Hooker : anil on tlic western
till- a loni{ di>l III! I', till) ( 'olnniliia iijid the Kill an le, one
rniiniii),' to llie N.W., and the other to the S. Iv it
ii|i|ieai's to Im- one ol' the niiist sinyiiiiir faels that, wi.
kii'iw oC in |iliysiiMl p.i^fiui.liy.
Hitherto we Ii.im' lieeii ii;nnraiit nl' the iiii|>oi'taiit
■ ■■•iiiitiy explored liy the I'nllisi r i\|irili(ion, luiaiise ii
has lifen, to II certain extent, .-hilt ii|i ly tiii^ iliuUoii
»ide uf the cLaiu wo have tliis extraordinary tUct — two Jluy (Joniimny. 'I'hut CuinjiaMy held territoriiJ nway
'c>^<^>:r<>
^'^ ^^ 3 W- V^if'Ac- , C^^u\^^
"'•IJ^"^'" ■^■^'
INDIAN SEPULCHRES ON THE BANKS OF THE COWLITZ RIVER
ri«ht of tntde over the who,,, of the ^^^ ,^:^-^zr:::T i':'Tlrt^z^^^
! ii;
"and exclii-i\i ...s— - ■ , ,. . ,i
cuunlrv. The inii..atanc.. ..f the di~cov.iv i th.-e
three pass. > ii,n>t .hp. nd in a peat in..i>,i,v np..i, the
value of tl,.. l,:cl on each shle of th.' Iv.ickv .Monn
tains. ll tl„. Iind to the east«aid l,etw,-,-,i 1-ake
Winilies and tie' K. ky M.mntai„<, and the land to
.he westward icmi' toth.. n.-^v eo|.,i,y of Clni . ,ift. he
valueh.s.1, then tie' ,lis,-,,vei i.'S « hi,h Captain 1 all.ser
ha., mad- will he e.pially valn..|,.>, T-nt if we can
.l„,w 'hat on the d,v,l..pni,M,t oft',:" cuntry whu'h
lie l.,4ween Luke \Viuip.g and the liocks -Muunlaius
, ,.'u.iv,lv .h'pecU. th.'ii vM shall he aMe to rcdise
tlh- full imp..ila:ic>. of Me se (liscv.i ies. W e hav,' in
itritish teiriloiv two of the pvatcst harlM.iii> m the
woihl, -on th,''.Ml.;ntic- sh,,iv, tli.^ harhoiir of ll;ilitax
ill Nova.S-otia; amloii the I'a.ilic -ii.,n, that of Kxpii-
nianll in Van.,aivr l.slaiid. N can resist rxpics.s-
iic' a h.>|>e that at no distant d,iy we shall see thes,' tw.i
,,,7,neci,d; and then it will l,e th.it tho inipori, in. e „f
this disc .MTV will cme into phiy. It ni.ist also he
observed that iu as far as regards tlis exiatnig dilhcul-
h^mi
r;i llllniist
to r'-.iliw'
liiivi' in
1I-. in till'
.1' ]l;lllt':l\
,if IvMiiii
■ t I X|'ll'HS-
tll.'M' I WO
III. 1111 1" of
it ilNll 1"!
;> dillii-ul-
PROM TllK ATIANTIC TO TIIR rACIPic. 889
tii's ill (liis coniitrv, Ix'twoon tin- WHtcrn niiining | in tlic winter tlmn llic sweet fodiliT of Tndiiin eorii.
toWMiils IIiiiImiii mill .l;iiMi's \U\, ,'iiiil tlie wiilei-M run- Kiirtlier iiniili, (lie .■.Imil >iiiiini>i-. me n >l lii\ iniiiil'le
niiiH touiii'ils l.iiki' Sii|ierioi-, l.ii' ilie last two years to enhivalion ; liul « lieieNer ^eItlel^t me in |io>.>eN-.iiin,
tlie Cmiiiiliiiii ( iiA 1 iriiiieiil, as well a^ the Home <io- lliey will mhih liinl llii ir wav to tlie i|e|io.sit.i of eoplnl'
Vei'iililenl. lias liail an e\|>loi'iiig |im ly lietweeli Lake ami otliel' \ alniiMe inilier.iU ; anil siieli is tlie tiieility
Sii|M'iior aiel tlie Iteil liiser ; ami it woulil a|i|iear of water eoinniiliiiealioli, tliat these will in time I. e
from their e\|iloialioiis that there does not exist siiili hronnlil to ihe si iilemenls, and exiliaii;;ed liir |iro-
mi iiisii|i ralile olijei'lioii to the forni.ilion of a land visions and other iierosaries wiih the inhaliilaiits to
road as had lieeii sii|i|iosed. 'i'lli' nreate-.t olislai le is the south li\ iiii; ill iiiiliji i I lillides.
a swaiii|i called the Savniine. In that swamp, in the faptain I'alliser's |iai t\ hit their w inter i|iiarlers at
I K|iiie(.> of three i|iiai'terH of ii mile, there is a titll of ivlmoiiton earlier in the year than wmild otherwisu
tllirty-one I'eet. Kxeept III isolated plaees, tliilt swaiii|i have heeii desirahle, on aecolllit of a ;;real seareity of
is nowhere more than tliri r four feel deep; and at piovisions, It was not mil il .May II that liny fell in
the holloiii is a strong elay. It is, imleed one of the with lintl'aloes. iind were aide to resiipply tin iiiseKt s
easiest palls to t'orni a road. An Amerieaii would eiit with stonsof peiiimiean.
down the hrnshwood and pile il mi tin' top of the t»w ing to ('a|it I'ailiM'r ha\ ing lieeii in the I'.laikfooi
swamp, then ent down a few tier^ and pile iheiii oil the eoiiiitry, hoth in the Mimnier of li'^.iM and in ti.e
top of the hrilshwood, and that would form a tein winter of 18.")S-!I. he was well known iiiid nniiiole-ted
poriiry road; and when a heller nuul was wanted it liy the natixes. jir lleetor, al-o, had aeipiired great
eoiild easily he made on the top of the snlistratiiln inllneiiee among tleiii liy his nudieal skill. 'I In eoiise-
thus laid. With respeel to the ri'inaiiulor of the ipieiiee is, as ('aptaiii i'alliser sa_\s, they hail travelled
eouiitry lietweeii Ijake Superior and l!ed Kiver no tliroiigh the whole of tin ir ten ilories (lllin kfeet iiinI
gleat dillii iilly exists Itlood imliaiis), a poitiMii i>| euiintry hillnlto eon-
l.ord liiiry, who is one of what would in old times sidered mi d.ingeioiis ns to In. almost impiaetii aide, iiinl
lie ealled a i inipany of adventurers, who have eiiii they neither had a lior.-e stolen nor a giili poiiitrd
Ir.ieled with the ('aiiadian llevernnieiit to earry at them hy miy of tlio-e trihes. llowiver. he tloes
their mails from t'anada to the l!eii liiver, savB not wish to infer that a tot. d stranger would I.e i .|nally
tli.it they do tli.'il with their present small means safe, nor that any one tn eon.panied hy a niliitaiy foree
and iiiellleienl organi.salioii, twiee u-inonth without (iiiile.s> that tone were .i very large one^ wi.iild also hu
dillielllty. That faet is a siiHieieiit argument to the safe. These Indians lie in \eiy lalge ran ps of tVolii
iilijeetion that the Savmine iA.nnp is an insiiper.ihle ItM) to liOii tents
olistaele to road making. With re>peet to the value t'aplain I'liUiser was. however, linieli iliMippoiiiti il
and extent of the eiiltivalile land lielweeii lake Willi- » ith the eliarai ter of the distriel lying helueiii the
peg and the Ifoekv Mount. tins. .Mr. Itloggil. the ills iiieiiill.in .l>7" ."><' and I I-", on the soiilli Irialieh of the
tiilgilished Amerieaii elimatolo^rist, e~tinialis tliil it S.iskatihewali ; his expeetatioiis liad lien that il
lolll.'iins altiii.'ellii'r almill ,'illll.lllMI .-ipiare miles liilly would alfold a niii>t desirahle phiee tiir silllels, la,t I e
adapted for the operations i.f ,ii;ii,.||ltiire in every way. I'oiiiid it to he ill wati red, liairen ol i;rii>s, and I ale i i
.Vssnniing that estinnte t.i he eorreel. ah mt 4.'l7,tiiii> limlar, audit was oi.lx in a lew p'aei s In le ;,hil iheie,
si|iiare miles, or more tli ni 7 I 7.1111" ttl'tt ot aeres. would « here the land rises ItllH or I' n li it al,i.\e ihe plain,
he in the Iti'itisli territiiiy A llleaivdi Imt a small part, ihat the Negetalioii improves. 'I he I \ piei^ .Mi iintains.
ol the territory of North Ameiiia, II Would I iioiiLrh in lat. 40" :i.^ . long 111", wiie ui II w.di u d. tini-
to support .'ill tireat Ih'ilaiii and her depeiiileiieie>. Iiered, and laiilv sim kid with gaii e. lii le the party
We know that the hiilfdoes can winter on the I'pper emamped and iiiinted, and fiom lire jii ilutur was
.\lli.iliiusea Just a.s easily as they call in .Minnesota di-patched on a lii.ineh i \p( iliiiim to le e.\ploie the
We know, too, that on the two hriiiches of the Sas pi.ss he di.seovered lie-t year, and to Im k Im a road to
katehewaii all the grain grown In temper.ite latitudes the valleys of the Kramer and 'riii.iii)ison llivirs.
can he easilv raised. diist south of the lioiindary line .\s it ultimately pro\id. tlii- route Is not a piaeti-
tlie great eiiuestrian trihes of the Indians winter their eahle one. I»r. Hector was entangled in \asl |i. rests
hor.-es, and It is not to he supposed that that lioiind.iry, of extraordinaiy density, and it «as only will the
a mere astronomical line, separates the fertile regions greatest exertions thai he even .siaceedi d ill fining
of the I lilted .-states tVoiii a sterile n^gimi heyond. himself through it. and in avoiding heing caught hy
Kxperieiiee has |iroved that that is imt faet. Ihitliih) the winter snows.
and wild c.iltle can live perfeilly well there; and Captain i'alliser. aeioiiipanied hy Mr. Sullivan, fol
wlieri'ver grain is tried it Iris siiccei ded almost he- lowed the houiidaiy line, which pas.sed over a level,
yoiid the hopesof those who have uiidertakeii it. The arid, .sandy plain, in which they coiihl rarely prociiri!
w.iiit of a niiirket has iK'eii the great thing which water except from occasional swamps ; while these
i,a> slopped them. wen' hi-ackisli and their iieiglihouil d harren of gia.s.s.
.No ipiotioli of gre.iler importance has presented itself lie then cros.sed the niouniains. and reported that his
in coiineeiion with Captain I'alliser's discoveries, than elhals to tind a route pr.icticalile fir horses, tnnii Kd-
whether this imperial diiiiiain is capahle of sustaining n
lontoii west walils. ac
an inilustrioiis populatinii
f Tl
lere is no I
loiiht that . as till
ross the li'ocky .Mountains as far
ilude of Kort Ciihille, and iiitirelv within
for several ih'gnes hey I the most northerly part of Ihitish territory, havi' heeii /« ;7m.'(/(/ fii,;rn!.jitl. Ii
tliefnintier of the I'liiled States this ipnstion may he addition to this he travelh'd i')0 miles farther, until 1
lied in the aC'riiiative. In the valhvs iiiav he re;
tl
le camp o
f the I'liited States Hoiindarv Com-
irked a great h'rtilily of ;aiil
pnipi
■r to the culliva- niissioiiers. in long. 1 I'.'" •'".
tiuu of harh'v. oats, a |H.'culiar kind of Indian corn that The following imrrative. tin scene of win
h is la
ripens ill eight weeks, called Maiidai
1 I urn. ai
il not.'i
tlii^ \ icini
ty, will give a gimd idea of the nature of the
toen.
Nothing is more nuuriahing to cuttle uiul slieeli j cuuutry ou the Uuitcd States side
MO
ALL ROUND TUB WORLD.
"I ll.ivr MCTti till' |plillll> iili liir Ni' niM-a llinll'l' nil
nspcc'tii, wliiii till' f.|iriiiL,' Mill WHS iliiiwiiij; iiiit iiiiilii>ii>
III' liurli iiiiiHiii; till' lii'ilis mill J,'|■:l^■'. wlii'ii till- Imt
Hlllllllll'l' llll'l llllt'nilll'll tllclll, mill |inliri'i| lllll nil snilsot'
piriji' piM I'liloiii's ipmt thi'iii, mill w Inn tlir miliiinii
wiiiil nttli'il tlii'ir fi|ir ra|iiiilrs iiml ImiiI duwii llirir
willii'ii'il stiilkn; iimi I liiivr Mi'i'ii lliclii, tiMi, ulii'ii
winter Iium s|iri'iiil \t* wliitr mIii'hihI hVit tin- liiiriit
wilili'iiii'SM, mill till' Hiiiiw >liiriii in all its IcrrnrH wiin
liowliii;; nvrr it.
" It WHS lute ill till' iiiilii t' lS"il lliiit I liiiil t.i
n-tiirti, ill ri.iii|iiiiiv iirmily iiii"|»'iMm, acripss till' jjiirkv
Miimitmiis til till' Missimii. W Inn we jj.it nriir tin'
Ni'liriisni. cir Flat Itivir, ami iiiiiili' niir way i1iiiiiil;Ii
lii'nls iif liiiiraliir^i, till' liiiliaiis lii'u'an tn piny lis many
ni;lv tiirks, trasini; ami mliliini,' iis, ami, what was
wiifsi', killiii); mil' uf mir limsi's with a liniuiis hlnw ut'
a tuiiiali.iwk: thi' lnail that hail lii'i'li lanii'il liy timr
••triinf,' hnrsi's imw till ii|i'in thrri.' — that is, on two
liiirst'5 mill a miilr. wliirli lii'ialiie si( wcakriii'il liy
M'anty I'mlili'i' that tlii'V rniiM lial-iUy krr|i ii|i at all.
" \V\' I'liiiM II iw s('i) that the first siinw stin'in wmilil
iIc|invo iHot'thi'iu, anil cxpiwi' iis tn the ri.^k ot >;ri at
Nii.scry; ami sn, Hiiri' i'iiiiiif,'li, it ha|i|ii'iu'<l. NVe
iliiil^t'il iiiirsrlvi's |iaiiiriilly almij; until we raiiic to
Sillily Hill Cn I'k, «ln'ii' it falls into the lii^' liliii',
mIii'Ii an ii'V Uih' spraiij,' up I'loiii the north, hiirieil ns
iiliiin?.t ill snow, ami killeil oiii- last Imisi'. We hail a
small lii'lian tent, that we h.iil Iminjlit Iimiii .i t'lir-
Ininter at Kort Laiaiiiie, Mime liail ImtDilo nn'at .Miiiie
riie ami Imliaii eorii : with this IimhI we liiil p is.seil a
(ew ilays in a iiiost niiserahle in. inner, w hen '/le |MiMt
I'oiMini,' I'loin Fort Ki'.irney to tin- Flat lliver passeil,
ami iilleied to make rooiii for one of ii.s in a little
M'liiele iliawn hy si.x innles whilst the other slimilil
•-tay in the tent with the ijooils, anil j;et mi as well as
he eoulil until the other slioillil semi liorses I'lom the
Catholii' .Mis-ion. whieli the post wmihl have to pas,s,
ami wliieli lies alimit eii,'lity or a Inimlred miles Ironi
Saiiily Mill Creik. We drew lots, and the lot fell
upon 1110 to he lel't lii'hind in this desolate Hilderness,
with no iitlier I'mnpany tli.in tli.it of wolve.s, who.
iir^ieii hy liiiiii;er, wmild eoine loiiiid me, I thoii^;ht, in
L'liater niiiiilii'i> every il.iy, and perhap-. when I h.nl
i'l'own too weak to oiler ie>istalii'e. fall upon iiie and
devour iiie and my leathern tent top'ther,
"When the little emiveyaiiee eontainin;; the only
hiitnaii liiiiii; existiiiL,', us far as I knew, for Ininrliid^
of miles round, disappiared at List over lln' wide
«hite waste, my lir-t liiisine^s was to see that my
weapons Were in ;,'ood order, and lay them as ready to
hand a.^ I could in my small tent. I had plenty of
alius, a il'iiihle and siiif^de rille, a doiihle-liari. !!■ !
fowlini; piece, four pistols, and a six-slmt revolver,
lesides a lore.,' knife and a heavy nve ; and with these
murderous instruments I tlion<.'lit I cmild maintain my
post a;,'aiiist u t'ood many savaifes. should any such
undressed visitur.s pri'seiit themselves Heiiii;, to a
certain e.\tent, satislied mi this point, I now s, to
Work to defend inyvilf airainst the iiieieasiiii; ■ ild and
the drit'tin<{ simw, which manai;eil to tind its way into
the iniiuitest openiiios In the tent leather. [ liad in no
loni; time raised a «. ill of lirmly stamped snow rmind
my extempore dwellinL;. and fiom the le i;;hlimirin}^
river dia:,'ircil a ijuantily of wood, which I pihil up
hefiire my low door. A .slmllow in the ground heloie
my hed of hlankits and hiifliilo hides served ut the
sunie time as .1 kinp place and 11 stove.
" I ealeiilated that in fourteen dilVH, at fiirtiieMt, I
niiulll liHik lor Inlp fl llle Misiimi. imd I therefnro
divided niy I'llllalo meat, rice Il'ee, Ac , inlo foui'tei'li
days' rations. .Mter liiivin;,' made, in this way. what
prep.iiations I could, I crept into my lihinki ts and
liiiiralo skin, and niaiiaued, i.s I lay, to stir my lire nnd
p't my siaiily meat ready, and then prepared for my
111X1 niu'lit alone in the ^leat wilderness,
"With any liiiiiiaii creature near, were it luit 11
child. Mill Would ii'it fei I so wholly forsaken, and there
i~ comfoit ill licarin;; a human Miiee, wcie it only it
Mill f complaint I was ne\er so lor, ilily struck
with this truth liefoie this eveniii;; I tried talkiiu; to
niysell, liiit that diii not iin-wci : Miurown Miice, smiie-
liow, makes you shiiddcr when it reaches no other car.
When the Siin set liehiiid inas.si s of siiow cloniU. and
"hilst its last rays «ere still liniieiinj,' mi the dreary
siiowy wa.ste. 11 concert lirn.iii which I li.id heard hefme,
hut never so little to my lisle. .\ trmipe of prairie
Wolves hi'oke out into a Imidliowl. and to their Imij;
drawn tielile was soon drawn the deep liass of the
large yray and white wolf The wild music was liiislied
sometiiiies for a lew 111 iiiitcs. and then 11 solo perforini'r
Would l>e;.'in, and make his clear pit reiii<.' tines henril
from afar ; then a'^'ain the full clioins would luirst in,
the wind carr\iii,' the sound far over the di'sert. In
the i.ivine where the iioises had lalh n. and wlieie
nothing w.is now to lie .seen of them lull their jiolisheil
lioiies mid tlie iron rings of tlii'ir haim ss, a tierce emi
test arose, and hy the shrill sounds of Imneiitations, I
giic~s,d the little prairie wohes had the worst of it,
and li.id I n oliligid to decamp. 1 tried tor limirs to-
!,'ethi'r to make out. hy their v ices, the niinilier of the
aiiiinals as-i iiil'leil in the lavilie. hut I cmihl not
sill III. It wns a 111 lancliiily oecnpalioii, liiit it hi 'peil
nil' to get thiough till' hours of the Mack sloriii\ i.iglit
.\t li.-t I fell a-lei'p frmii exliansl ion. nnd wa- iiwiikeiii d
hy liiiiii.'er when the mil stood l,ii;h in the lieaveiis.
One niu'lit is got thrmiiili, I thmighl. as I cut a 1 otch
ill one lit the tent poles : w hen the I'onileeii are oxer, the
people will lie here. It \sas mi the lUtli or \!^l\\ of
Novemlicr, and 1 reckoned that hy the ( hrislmas Day
I might ho s:ife at the Mission. ] had no idea Imw
far 1 was out in my reckoning. Tlie day ]iiisseil slowly
and diearily; 1 diagycd up as niueli wood and water
to my lent as I reipiiied. Imt I remarked, to my terror,
that my feet felt weak and lame, so that I stagfjereil as
I w.'dkcd like a druiiki n man.
"1 was sitting in a very dull n d hel'me my tent ;
hut as [ was hiiiioiy, walehini; very eagerly the
liiilililim.' up and down of I he niai/i' in my lioiliiig
kettle, pulling aw.iv the while at my little Jiijie, which
I had tilled with willow leaves, when I saw muim'
I'.orsemen appioMchim; Inun 1 he north, dri\ ing liiden
horses heliirc them. I'eing prepared for all ehancoK. I
waited ipiietly till they came nearer, ami then 1 saw
they were Indi.iiis, returning from I heir heaver hunt
to their .settlement on the Kansas, and I knew I had
nothing to tear from them. When they had come
within gun shot, one of them hegan speakini.' to me in
F.nglish, iiid lelieMiig iiie fnuii every leeling of distrust
hy dechiriiig himself a I'elawnre. lie was soon sitting
hy my side in my tent, whilst his two emnpanimis, a
couple of wild looking fellows, m.'tile themselves eoni-
foitalile outside l/mg and earnestly did he persuade
me to leave my own and my emiipanioiis' goods to take
thi'ir chance with the Indians and the wolves, and go
with him to his wigwam on tin- Missouri. ' Tbo
PROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC.
sei
my tent ;
:i>;irly tlu'
ly biiilinj;
ijic, wliiili
MIW Mlllir
liii^' laili'ii
■Imlirt'S, I
■11 I saw
■iivcv liuiil
ii'W I li;i<l
liiid ciilin-
til liir ill
it' (listrnst
Mill sitting
laiiioiis, 11
Ives ciiTii-
IK'i'Niiiiile
Ills to take
[■S, Mild ffO
'Tbo
I
wiilvrs,' lie Hiiil, • will ill iw nearer and nfurcr, and ' witlmiit having rornu'd any di»tliict rcsolntinn, nr will
will liavc ymi im lol day or ni^dil ; and it' lln' wan kiinuini,' wliat I did, i put llit> laudaiiuni Imlllr In my
di'l'lnu I'awhri'^i liiid yiiii mil tiny will |iliindir ym, li|i., aiid alimiKt i'lii|illid ii ; mihii nl'lrr I tell into a
and Milii ycai a> wrll," [ dirliiiril lilt nllii', and ni- dri>|i kind nt t«i«iii, sn t Iml I \\a« no Innjii r in i Ohilile
dravoiu'i'd to I'liliviiu'i' liilii tliat witliin Iao wiikn, at inch to dlcalliK. ilow |iiii;{ I liail laiil in tlillt .■<tati' I
iiin-l. |ico|ilr wiiiild coiiii' to my a»>i>taiic r willi liiiiM>, nuild not till, Init wiirii I iiwoki' it was [uti li dark,
and tliat tlirii I .-In HI Id in it only Im aliln to mw all my and my tint |io|n wiik sliakin liy a ^aln tlial out lii>\t led
il I", of wlijrli only tin' Miiiallnft |iai-t liilon:;cd to ilm wuImi.. I was tiiniMiiticI liy n Imrniiin lliiisi hh
lii\-ill; liiit uNo to u'l't soiiin ■.nil ol' loiiM'yain n tn «ill as Inn ;,'ii , and lia\ iiij; iliMovfii cl a liw ^limniiT-
|Kiloini tin' joiirin'y. llial I I'laicd would Im in my im: >|iaiks In inalli 'In' a.-ln s ol my tiir, nnlriMil to
|iri'-i'iit siatn alniosi ii.i|iiis>ilili' I'oi' mi' to make on toot, Idnw tin in into a llanii' and In i|nriir|i my lliiist w itli
or nil Imi-'mliirk. wiun' lialt iiit Itnl snow. Winn tin' tliiisl was a
'•'Villi will i{i t no In l|i liniri tin' « liiti's,' said tlm littlr a|i|H'aMcl, llm Inmyrl' lir;;iin to lir IiniU' im-
Iniiii'st jlrlaw.'iri' ; ' liad lnii'.-.i's I'oiild iml );i't lliii-. lar, |ioi'tiinati'. and in a kind ol' tiny I sii/rd miIiic of tlio
audi: 1 liiii-ti"<, and tlnir >mi lixcs into tlic liai;,'ain, law, tro/.in, l.iillalci im at, and lir>;aii to j^iiiiw at it.
till' wliilct III till' .Mi—ioii woiild nut M'litiiii' I'll till' It laslid dilii imi-ly ; lit d, w itliniit any tln.njjlit or i aio
sakn III' a man tli it, I'loiii what ymir I'niiiradi' will lia\i' I'm' tlm t'litnir. I linn Innslid picii' nrttr pitir omt tlio
told ilmiii, tiny »ill liavn '.^Im'Ii ii|i for Inst, iliil I liir, and iniiMnnid at Inist tliiicdays rations. I'.v
M'l" a wnrd I'rniii a while is iiinic to ymi tli.ili tlm Wnid tlm nmriiili^ I felt luitrr : imhrd, tlii' Ici linu' of
and di'cd of a icdskin. You hive ihn i hniii'. .Miy r.vlrinm illiii ss Kcmcd i iind it omr, lis if l.y iiinjric
ynii not d' TiiM' yniirsill'.' I iiiisislid in my rcsnlu. I.ili.'. cvin on ihrse iiiinlitinn.s, .i-i i iin d once nmic swi ct ;
tioli, thniiiih I afii'iuaiils liittrrly rcimliti'd nf h.n in;; and Inanin;; on my lillr, 1 toltiiid out ol \n\ tint i ml
dnim so. At pai'liiiL.', I In' Indian n^ivi' iim tin' li;; of ^andiiid a liltli' almllt. '] Im rxt'irist' )ii<d a I tin luial
an anli'lo|ic, as an addilinli to my small stuck nf prnNi- • lli rt. and in a l'i'« days I was iililn to ;;i I to iln' to|i
siniis. |iri'ssi'd my hand, and, wilhout mire limkin'.; nfalnw hill, innl Innk round on tlie ilirolati! ]>ii .s|<i it.
tow. lids my tclil. |iiirsiii'd his jniinn'y toManl- llm In s|iili' of .-ralily Inml, mid liald.-lii|is I had li iialuii',
south, and 1 was oin'i' uniri' al'iiii'. my striii;;lli inntiniird lo iin'irn.-r ; lait, iinli ilnniilrly,
• I dii not think it Would 111' |iossilili' for mo to ilcscriln' my small simk of fond liicnasid in the siiii.c |iio-
llm siitlirini;- nf till' imxt I'ii^ht da\s. I w.is .sn laiiic |inrtinn, and it was al snluti l\ nric.ssiiry In think of
th.it I had to crawl mi my liiimls ami kmcs to the ' some method of re|ilen-slinij,' it. Inr it would have laeii
w.itrr and hack to the tent ; my head seeineil to svliirl madness now to have to lely in lio| es ol sinioiil- Inni
like that of II ilninkrii man, and my memory was the .Mission. I liyaii to ti.niiliai ise ni\M If w illi the
ijillte failing me, I lielieved in coiisei|iieln'e of the tllolli.'lit that I mi^ht have to |.a-.s the whole winter
severe cold. Snow stmiiis liowled around the dre.irv ion this s]Kit, and 1 eahiilated that e\en tiom my
Mi'|i|ie. thieateiiiii;; to liiirv me and my tent tni,'etlier ; j enemies, the wohes, I inifiht levy trilaile enoiigli to
I ill I not iiinv line tn cliis" mv eyes at iiinht, tin fear keeji myself fmiii .stai vatimi.
of the Wolves, for liiiiii;i'r had rendered theiii holder, i " llniijier soon <lri\t s out l'eelinj;s of dis;.iist, nnd it
and they wero eoiiiiii'; neari'i' and ne.iier to me. The co.st me no ithat ot Mlf-eontml wlan J iittaiktd, lor
•.'icil white ones es]iecially wen- eoiitiniially deserihiii;; the tir.st time, the thin, dry, i,iii);li, ^nll^^\ Ih.^h, and
1 inles round my dwellini;, howliniidisiiially the while; yiiawed till I wa.s tired lit what strmi^l^ lesi iiihled the
I heard tin; snow ereakin;,' under llnir leet as I lay sole of a shoe.
Ii>tiiiiii>; to every soiiinl ; and at la~t, t one iiijiht saw ' W Inn 1 had linished this remaikahic n'al. and
tlm teeth of one of ihi'iii 111;, ke their .iii|iear.iiice thronnh liked if, too. for as I had powder and flml ni llm
the tent leather. 1 tired my leMilver at raiiiloia :.'ieatest aliiindanee, ] mi;;ht also consider that I had
thrmi^ili the thin wall into llm darkness. Mini tlm tierce a wed tilled laiilcr. I only laeded, al sunrise, to lilt a
lirulcs tied in terror, liiil it was only to return in a few \eiy little the iiirlain that com red the n]ieiiin;,' o| my
limiis to renew the atlack. tent, sn as to pet a view nl the iiank of the small river,
"|)iliiii^ the daytime these crealilirs were not so and I was sine, 1 elme Inn;.', to have .some heast or
dariii;;, for they dread the lii^lit. and then I veniiired other cniiie .nid jilace himself sn that I could .send a
tn tike a little rest. Hut what kind of rest was it ( liuUct thlon^h his In ad. I lievi r took more than the
Ammi;; the various pri>|ierties that ni.ide a kind of Inst part of any wolf 1 liad killed, lail hy the next
eh. ins rniiiid me in my nairnvv dwellin;;, I had dis- innrnini; there was iie\ei- inme ol it h ft than a few
cnvered a linltle at' laudanum, which, with a ease of sealtend hmns— a tint that eoiiv iintd ii e olvvhat I
i|iiiiiine, Inriucd niir travellinj; medicine-cliest ; and in did imt hefnre lelieve, that these eieatiiiis devour
the III iriiinj:. al'ti r my scanty meal, I ii^ed to indiili'e their own enmrade^
mvscll with a
nf
111 dose, and liy that means olitaiimd
•Slowly .•iinl iliiiiiily my days passed, and still more
I sleep ot several hours, (lay, pleiisaiit ilnanes, then slowly
the iii:;hls; Imt I
l.y d,
rrees. tt
surrounded me in my dreams ; ] felt neither cold nor extend my walk a little fin tin r, and n oieover, I could
pain. I was iinconscioiis and happy ; Imt on awakini;, whistle and even sinu'. which I exerted myself to do to
the ^uini reality ai;,iiii jirescnted itself in all its kii )i up my spirits, and al.so to keep my lii.iins steady,
terroi's. fm I must own 1 occasionally eaiinht ilieiii iit strange
■• Nine days I had passed in this niaiiner, and cut tricks, and made me tear I was goin;;i.iit of my .senses,
nine notches in my tent pole to mark them ; hut when I had still only cut the sixteenth iintih in my jmle,
day, after a scanty meal, 1 ]iiit my luilliilo
I awakened on the tenth, I felt that mv liinlis
Were wimn oin
slilli'iied and |)ovver
Usual
111 I eould no loiiyer I'ct in lolie around me, took mv rille under mv i
id set
if Wood and water. My tlinu;,'lits mil on mv old wav to the liei<;lilioiii iiii; hill. Fresh
vere overpowering and ulnmiiy ; 1 emiipletely despaired slinw had filleli during,' the I
ii'dit, e
inijiletcly etlacinp
if ever being re.seued Irmii my terrible bituatioii, mid , the tracks 1 had previously made, and 1 was slow
FTT
;!rt2
ALL ROUND THE WuliLD.
iilll
Hoiking' my >i.iy In iln' l"]>. >" lli.it \>\ llu" linir 1
ri'tii'liril it ilic ^llll WMs ili'i'liiiiii^'. .iiici si'iiilim; .shiiiliii,'
r-iv>i ovi-i- till' li.i;iiiill<'ss wliili' pl.iiii ; iiiit a lir :i(li ot'
:iii tt:i> >liiTiiiu'. ••"•■l I I'flt w.iriii ill till' sli:i,'v;y 1miiI!i1i>
liiili'. ill. mull my liniilli was t'luzni in diops like [nmiIs
on ill!' il.i.-k WiMil that surrmiaili'il my (:w<\
••."■laiiiiiii^iiiitlii' l.i|iiil'llic liill I li.iiki'ii rniiiiil ;us Msiial
.Ml all >iili'^. ami |ii<'sciilly ilisi'nvi'i-fil, to my :;i'i'at ti'n-.ir.
tuo liiiiii.iii tonus, wiiii 1,, llioiii,'li tliry wen- siill a l.m:,'
A.iv (ill", srriiii'il Id 1.i> a|i|in':i.liii,',' my i'am|i tVoiii llii>
iii.rtli. I say to my tiiror. for. iiuli'iiomloiitly ot'a kin. I
.1' sa\ai;c' ^livnrss I liaii I'onlraclrcl, lln-y ramo tVoiii a
rri;ioii in wliicli I lii'licvi'.l tliiic wcri' noni' Imt tliii\isli
rawniTs I r.ni.-i(l>'rtil that if iliry were I'awniM's, it
w.Hihl ih.l I'O well thai llioy slioiihl timl mr iiii|iri'|iarc.l
in mv li'iii I shoiilil ilo lii'ttrr to aw.iit thom in i"
o|ii'i. ail' ami trv ami liml oiii tlioir ili»|io^iiion a I
iiiti'iil' 'IS, so that 1 mii,'lit in tin 'vorsi- casi' si II my
scalp as .liailv as poMsilih'. I rn konril I had iirai l\
Mil ii.iiii- t.i niiko my |vr<'|>ai.i(ioTi liir it, hut win n lli.y
ha.l oiKi' re u lii'<l a point whoii.'o thoy I'oiihl ovi'rh.ok
mv small tii'iil.iry, it woiihl ho loo late to witlnlriM
nivsi'lf iVom tlii'ir sharp lyi's. I, tlirn'torc, hasii'ii..!
hai k to my tout, aniicil my^i'lf with as many wcap.ni^
.IS I I'onhl lai-ry.aml hi I llif ii'inaiii'li'i- iin.li'r tin' In' I,
.iftcr takinir out tin' p.ri'iission caps ; 1 then put a " I
i|iianliiv of «oimI on tin' i,'liiiiiiii'i'ini; liro, .so thai i
."liimn of siiiokr mijiht risi' thr.'ii^h tin' iiponiiig .il
till' lop of tho ti'iit, .ami wlu'ii I h-l't il, look care t.i
«.dk hai'kwanls ami h'avo till' opi'iiiiii; fisti'iiod, so as
to appv' II' as if il wii'o dono fr.aii iho iiisi.li", and thit
till' I'awiiii^ mi^hl siip|Nisi' tlio ori'ii|>alit lo ho uiilnii
.iii'l ri-iiiiLt ' y his tin'.
"."sandy llili Cii'rk was only .-ilioiit i.">i> pa.i's tVom
lhi> trill, .'iiid th W'.'.l in a siinii ii'.'iilaf diii'.ti.'ii loiind
it; il hill liii.;li h.iiiks. oM'i'irr.iwn wiili ^hnilis and
Imshi's ; ihillnT, tli ii'tiirc, I dii'i'i'ti'd my >li'ps |,i srok
a hi.liii;.' plan'. I |.l,uri| my li'i't r.iri'|i|ll\ amirxai'tly
ill till' trail's that I had hl'l «hi'ii I wriii lo ti'trli
wairrinthc morniii','. and lhi'<r h'.l nio to a ion iiiii'iil
[ilari' on till' >ni....!li. yla.ssy vm-faio of tin' i.-o. Iimiii
•sliih till' iiii'hily ^.ih' had swrp.. all tin' snow, and
diili. ' il to thi' hiijh hank. When I y't upon tho
i.e. I puUi'ii oil' what rrniaiiis of sh.H-^ 1 i::> ' on.
that, till' n.iils in thi'iii sh.inl.l not hi-iray mo l.\ any
s.Tal. h ; aii'l lli'.i.lili'.; sofli\, ,iiii| iMLiwim; tho wind
iiiL'- "f till' stii'iin l.ir soini' liini" to ilimiiiisli, us fai'
as p.i^-il.a'. till' .li-'.uiii' lii'tvM'i'ii mo and tin- tent,
aii.l y' all. .A im' M ~i'i' t'i'oiii |h'' nlhi'l' sidi" what
w.is ^..iii:.' .111. I ritwii'd lip tho 'i.iliks lii'lwi'oli tin'
.snow i|ii:i>, and p'a I luy^ill' on the id:,'!', so iliat
I roilhl look llnoii'^di till' proji'i'tiiii; t wii;s ,ini| st.iik^.
and ui't It I'li'ar \ iew wilh.'iil oi-iiii; hiiidiiid i'l
ihi- iisi' iif m\ wi'.ip.ins, l.oiii; I lay aid islriu'l.
l.lll till. t'. \i 1' ..f r\p. ,1 ilimi pI'i'Vl'llti'il lll\ fl' Ill'L'
I'.i'.l. I \i'.|.l ... hand ihiil lay on tho l>,-(i'|-.'l of iin
Mill' «,!'- al' •■ .-I ho/I'll I.. 11. .\l ':.-! iho hoad- ..f
till' Iw.i li:;iiiis I had iiotiii'd, I'om' iiliovi' ill.- mis;!!
! iiiiiiii.' lull, and in u ti'W spi'onds tliov sIoimI on il^
Miinniit. .mil n inainiil s >ii;i' time |ook;.ii;iil my li'iii.ind
talk iiiu' wl!h olio alio' In-r I followed wil I. mv ryos ihii
sliidili-i )ji stnio. and i ■•oiild imi hi'lpa shiMi' niiiniiii;
lliioii;:h nil, hIhii I s.isv ihrni throw I,;, k llnir
liillhilo skill, .Iraw ihi 11- lull ipiivefs U'l'iiro ihoin, and
utriiio ihi'ir lio« .. Imiii inli'iilioiis, tlii'ii'lori', «iii'
mi loiiLU'r doiilitliil ; a;i 1 I s;,« «||..|| j ,, ,,1 i,, ,.\
pi'i't it I hoy -hi. 111. 1 ..r,.| t|„. I,,., I ,,(• il ! „:,., j,,.,.
pall. I, h. . MI-MI, ami I hii. w thai if iIhv on.'i- i-iiii.
Hiiliin 1 om;i' of my rillo, their liyes were mine; T
eoiilil ii't let tlii'in I'sea)"', for if 1 h.iil, I should to a
leri.iinlN li;i\e ha. I tlieiii liaek in a lew days v\iih a
whole tro.ip of iheir ■'oiiipanioiis. The luo Imhaiis
' soon sepaiaied, and ii.ikini; s.nne si:,'ns to cinli other,
one proe led to tho hill wlieiiee I had tirst eiiliyhl
.-i'.dit of tliein, iiiid lii'i;aii to I'vamine the track I i.id
III i.le. whi.h went straiuhl to the tent ; whilst the
oilur, with lii^ eye- tixeil on ih" i;ioiiiMk made a
liii'le roiliid il. Ill' I'vanii I with L;ieal .are the
ti'.i.ks III the water, lull appeared -alisli. ,1 when he
li.cl eoii\inceil hinis.'lf that the i.no lin. of toot.-lep^
lav '.I, .ind the oiher troiii, the ice. !I. liiii noise
lessly ilppro:..'hi'il his i rade, who, wiih hi- liow in
his left li.iiid iili'i an iir.'W in los rif.!lil., was stand
in;; lielore the opelll'.^ of the u'lil ; no word |iii,s.seil
lielweell tlieni, lint the l.ist eoiner raised hi. liiipr.
and put his hind i n hi- i I 'ek, and Ills head a little
on one side -I -iipp..-. '.i signify sleep— he tlii'Il
pointed to the risiin; -moKe, plai id his how l«f,in' him
oil the oi'iaiiid, gtnd lakiiii,' the arrow hitweeii his
lei'lli, ma.le with his li.inds the nio'.ion nl shoolinir,
iflei which he took up his how ajLCaiii. ami the two
litted their arrow,. li.nl 1 I ceii in the tent nothing
c.Kilil h.i'e -a\cil me: I niiilei'stoo.l their eislnics
lull too Hell. 'Here li\e- a 111.11 ; he is l\ ilio hy
llie lire a.^h ep ; a tew .iriows will secure this rich
liooty ; ' tlii'-e were :• .-iiiedly llnir thonyhts. and
thi'N now placed iheiii-i l\cs .so ihiit their arrows, shot
in ipiick siicces-inii, should meet at rif^lit angles at the
empty sleepin:: place 'I'lie lilood seemed to stand
still in my \eiii-. tlioiio)i I could hear my hean hial
...H I -aw I hem sh.iiii |,.iir -.r liM' arrows one allcr am
llier into the tciil, .in. I al that nionieiil I made the
ilisciivery how di ir life i- m i man e\cn in the most
dreary and discoiiMilali' i iienmsl.inces Nolhiiii,' si irii (I
lieiiiii'l the thin Icithern walls, and tin' Imliaiis, allM'
li-leiiiiii; for awhile, rantionsly approached tin i ni
tained opeiiiii;;. line then laid his how aside, aial,
si'i/iii:; his tomahawk, knell down, whilst the other,
wiih his ..iirow I'll the siriiii;. sloml in iiadini>sto
-I1....I .\t this iiiomeni the sliiMii skull ol the kneel
ill.,' iii.in was lii'iiohl into ni\ line ol -ii;ht, and I
c.i. ke.l my rille, and, liizht a- ilie soiiml wa-. lhe\ l.olh
siaiid and ca-l keen ;.d.iiici - .'iioiinil . the kmiliiL:
iiiiii Wis n..« the lea-l iI.iIil'i ion- ol the two, I lliiie
loll' -hilti'd niy aim. -o th.il ihe nakid lireasl ot the
..no with the l.ou l.ei.in.e 11 _\ maik, and iiist-.nliy
liicd 'he Inili.in - -harp <\i' noil have dlscovei'rd
nil' at the nioiiii III, lor he spraiii; 11-i. e, hut he was
hit, and fell rtil!: a cry that wiiil iliionoh every lierM'
111 mv liiid) ; llii "ilier had sprnii;; up. Imt only tci
reeei'i" the fall di- i Mi-.^-e 111 i.iick shot 111 his face and
nc. k, ai'.l I', fall lilele— l.i -ale hi- u'roarino coinraile,
Mv enemies Were now dead 111- ineapnlile of iii|niiiio
me, lull :, inde-erilialile tcelii.i; of despair ►ei/i d n.e
a- I ihiinudit i,' .i li:it I !iad ikni". and what rilnaiiicl
to.- nil' to do I lo idi'd ni\ rille .'i..iiii, ami i-i.'l"iiii-
eallv appro.'iclied the liloody s|io|. and only the 1:11 all-
ot the wollllded iilie l'iill>ei| me and n-called Ine to m\
sell I I W!ls a llol-rihle sii,dlt' 'riiel'e li'y prosllllle
lie|.i,-e me, sw imniiin; in lilood. 'lie two meii who a
niiiiiili' liefoi'e ha. I si i there ill till lull viifoiir of
life Thi'V h 1. mil I. Irc.-i, heronsly plotted the
di-ii 'leti.in ol a man vi.n had liever loiie tlniniiny
iiijnrv, iieM-reveii -1 ei. lli'iii, Mini liny had liilh n '*
-aerilice to tin 11 nu ediiiess liir plunder "he
hoiK ..f the \.iiin'.'i r mil lav -l.elelleil ollt, the loin. I-
FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC.
363
■ore mini' ; T
I sllolllll tl> II
iliiys »itli :i
two Iniliiiii--
II null ulliir,
1 tiist cinii;lil
I' lI'Mlk I ). Ill
; \\]\\U\ till'
iiinik 'iniili' a
;ri:it 1 air llir
'111 M Wlll'll III'
. o|' ti"i|.-ll']W
I. li . II imi.'-i'
i.li lii> liMW ill
it, was Mtiiiiil
I Willi I jlllHM'll
K'll hi . liiicrr.
^ lii'iiil M littli'
li'ip- 111' llii'ii
i>\\ 111 ;.i|r llllll
1m twft'ii Ilis
I 111 slidoliiin.
ami till' trtii
I' ti lit iintliiiiK
llirir urstiMiK
1' is l^ini; I'V
iiirr tlii- lii'li
lliMiiylitN ami
I' aniiws, slinl
aiiL'li''* at till'
mill til staml
liiv liraii 111 at
mir allri am
III I miiilr tliL'
II 111 llii' must
iiiiliiiii; siinrtl
iiiiliaiis. allir
I'll till 1 III
a>iili'. al il,
t the iitiu'l-.
n ailiiir^-i 111
.1 thi' hail I
M!:lit, ami I
s, tlu'V liulh
thr hill rill U
l\M., I ihilr
.ITisl 1.1 I hi'
ml iii>i 'iiii.v
r ili-iiiMllil
I. Ill 111' was
CM'IV m I'M-
hut Hilly to
lii> fai'i' ami
1111,' inllllllili'.
Ill iiijiiiiii;.'
il M'i/iil II. >'
I .1 I'riiiaimil
mil i:!M'!"ilii-
\\ ihr un ali^
.1 nil' 11. iii>
I, \ iii'iB-tiati-
I'l. n \\\t'< a
III vii;i.iii' uf
pjiiMril till-
I.' I hi III any
II.; jail, n I*
ii.l.'l- "!.i'
t, till- li.iii.i-
ils
hawk hail I'llliii ti'imi his grtisp, ami tlii' imiiilt'i'ous '
liail hail I'lilrii'il his iii'i'k ami iiiu' ul' his ryes, ami
rnu'hilillly ilisli.ili'il his liiniizf I'lihiiiii'il tin'i'. I liilliril
liiir. nil till' ullii'i' siili', thai I mi;.'hl nut sre il a;;ain.
ami wiiit tuwaiils tlii' uni' whu was mily wuiiiiiliil. lie
was all iilihr man, his Ihiii; hlaek hair aliiii.st envrieii
his lare, hut the lire 111 ileaillv haliril •^leameil at me
rruiii his eyi's. The hnlhl hail I'lilireil the lireast lieluw
the lel't sliiiili'li I-, thiiilj;li wliethii- the wi.iiml was
iiiiirtal or nut, I emihl imt sav. lull hi- hi lini.'. ami
the eleneliiii;; uf his teeth Ir.nn |iaiii, awakeneil the
ilei'|iest li'i'liniis uf i'iiiii|ia-siiin in me. I luul iluwn
i.ver him, ami I'liileaMiiiieil In make him iiii.li"."-ianil.
Iiv -iu'iis ami sin^ile wuiils, that I wmihl iliiij him
intu my teiil, w.isli ami heal his w.mniU. .-..x ei- him
with hiidalu skins, ami take eaie i.f him, it I I'milil
fherehy j^aiii his i,'n...l will. At last he maile mil
what I meant, ami a wiM jjleaiii nt' juy liL;lile.| up hi>
laee as he -i^iiilie.l his a^-in' l.y llie iieliali eselama
liuii, 'Haul Haul' l'".'r a niuimni I lilt ylail
alimist lia|.|iy ai;ain ; I shimlil s.ne ihe sulii'ier, I
sliiiiilil iMJii a e.impaniiiii ami a liieml in my ilreailliil
-nliliHie, .Vs I was hastening intu my liiil t . iii.ike
what pii'|Mniliuiis 1 euiilil I'ur the reeipli'ii ul my
pal lent, his lullii Ul'.i.llis ealleil me haek. I'e lliaile
-iLiiis liir me to e.iiiie inaiei'. ami w it h a tinsel' tu the
lel't liainl he p.iinleil to Ilis i'ii,'lit whii'li was heiit in an
iiieunvenielit pusiliun niiilei' his haek. anil seeineil tu
•-•i; me to ilraw il uiil Wiihuiii the slijjhlesi siis
|«<-iun I knelt iluwn he-iile him, hut I hail searrelx
t4i«i'heil his arm, when the ri^lit hainl, ariui'il wiih a
kiirle, Ihislieil like lii:hlini; li'um henealh his Imily,
aiiil sei/inn ""' with his lelt, lie stahheil twiee at my
lil'east. Tlie liluws hail heen well ainieil. hut I'eehly
exeeuteil. I parrieil l»ilh with my ri^ht arm, aiiil
-n.iteliiil, with my lel't, the kiiil'e, wliieli. like I he
liiillun, 1 wuie at my ;;inlle ; 1 pliinu'eil il seM-r.il
times into the hieast of the I'l'Veiini'liil siivaije A
treaiii uf liliiuil u'lisii. il ri'uin his inuiith, there w.is ;i
-liylit raltlin;; in the throat, he stnteheil hiinsi II
.ml. ami I was a._':iiii iiluiie— alone ill the w iile wiiitiA
w'.i.ile aluiie Willi the li ail ; the warin hloml tii.khil
iluwn IHV arm, aii.l imw liisi I nutieeil that I was nn •
.self w.uimleil , un ilrawin^ haik the knife the liisI
time, till' sharp hhnle liail passeil almi;; the luwir pail
ul niv arm. ... I at the siei.iiil hluw I he point lii'il
sirmk il almust .ii the saim spot, Init only sli^ihlly.
"The iii;{lit that folluweil this eventful il.iy was the
must ilreailful of iii\ life. I really thoii^hl I slioulil
have pine iiukI. The two eoipses were hut a few
•arils Irmii me. as 1 lay on my heil ami r...|i'il ni\
.aiiuls with -II. iw. Of sleep or lest llieie eoiiM he no
Mioii-hl. fur th.'Mulvei., attraeleil hy the hi 1. huwlnl
.lismalh I.. llllll llie s|H>l, aii'i wuiihl not Irae sulhriil
me tu li.ne elu-i I my eyi s, I'Mii if my iiii'vuus cn
1 ilemeiit hail <"". Iiiaile sleep iiiipossihle. I til'eil my
I'l-tul I'unliiiiially into the itaik iii;;ht to keep oil' the
liiinjirv hriiti's ; Imt, liesiiles this, I eiii;lil ilu nulhini;
hut i'esl>:ii my.self tu my late, iiml await the il:i\ il;IiI.
With the earliest ilawn, huwevei', I hasleiieil i ul ul
my tent to ilraj,' away the lil. le-s reiiialiis, iiml, if pu-
sihle, rill myself of the ilaiiiji nil's lompaiiy ul the
Wolves.
" It was nei'i'ssary, I oil. thai I shmihl ellaee all traees
of the liiiliiiiis. siiiee I eolllil mil know whet her anuther
of their liil.e mi',:ht nut )iiiss that wa\. in wliieh la-e
llie apin'aiali.e .1 hi....! w.iilil liave imniiilialilx
(.leeiiliHl my liilf. I aiijiroiieheii the Hpot, tliei'ih •',
ami shiiililereil to see that the hfiilio.'! lay in n ilitVereiit
plaee, ami weie iliseustinijly maiiyhil hy the wulves.
" iliiiiLlir ilruM' ine tu seanli iluiii, ami I luuml euii-
lealeil '.llliler their lealliein eirilles s..nie illnil hllllalii-
Iiieat, wliii'li I tuuk, ami then rulhil up w Inlevelinieht
liavesei'\eil to heliax me. with the n luailis, in their
l.iillalo lohes. i tied them 1 uiinil, ami ly yreat i .\ei
li.in ilia^'^i'il them, one after .iiiuthi r. lu the liule in
the ill' where I i;ot my water, ami ) usheil them iimler.
so thai tliey wuiilil he eallieil away li_\ the riiirelil.
" .Mter I hail linisheil the liielanehi.ly task, I maile
slleli II lire un llie plai'e where the two ruhhel* liail
lift tlieir hluuil. thai I'M 11 the wuUe- nuist lose tiie
sieiil ill the heap of ashes ; ami at iiii;lil the usual
show Sturm set in, ami elliiieil the last imlii atiuii thai
iiii;;lil liaM' leil tu a iIisiumi-n. The liuaise eiy ul the
laM'ii mii.^li-.l ill the 1 usiuiiiaiy way with the lu.wlini,'
of the wuivis; hnt ! hail m.w a li'iliiii; uf seeiirity. as
Well as a leviveil hupe <:i le-iin-. wliiih \\:is ilii'i'ea.M'il
hy ihe ailillliulial supply of luuil I hail uhlaineil.
• t III islnias time eaiiie, aliil I hail heeuine. lu a iii'tain
extiii'. iiseil to luneliiies-., nuil tiiamieeil lu ilu. in a suit
uf am ' 'uatmi slNJe. what w ii- iiei i — ar\ jii-t lu keep
lllNsl'li iilu ■'. 'I'l,,. w ilih'I'lless li;iil li.-l mill II uf it.'l
lei I'ul s lul' me, a 111 I I ihulluhl ut llie lilt llie w nil a sul t
ut sliipnl apalliy. anil .sinnetiliies I seaiiily eili'l to
know what was in sluie (ur me: ami yet II was nu
pleasant thuni^ht when I Miiiieiinies askeil ni\>ill what
wuiilil he the 1 nil ul il I 'I hen my iniml van -aillN
I.Mr past Mill's I thuiiuht uf llie t In i-in ases in my
iiaiiM' i'uiiiiiry - ill my ihililhuuil. el the splcmliil
Chrislnias Irees ami the kimi li iiiiils siiiiuiimllii..' me ;
ami lum; on my haek, luukim; up wlnn tin nii:ht
is fine, at the ..'litteiiii;,' slairx sK\, llin ii^h the
hull' at ihe li.p of my tent, I iiihaleil ihe liauraiit
siiiuke piiiiiiieil l.\ miiujlini; si me lea with the ilr\
w illi.w leaM's in iii\ pipe, the I'lilx tliii>liiias imlul-
L;iiiie I euliliI altulil. ami tiiiii ieil the -liii's luukeil
kimlly iluwii on me. as they iiseil tu ilu ut liuine : so
lliey seemeil, like mysilt. lu he tlenil.liiiL' wiili tlie
I'ohl^ On the t'hiisiiia. iiioinine. w In n I wini uul.
iiilu the air, I helnhl a (1. , 1, ul juairie low Is .'.|ttiiii»
anil. iii: the trees on the I .ink uflherlMr: ami I am
.'i-h.iiiieil to say how my heait heat, aiul with what
ileliiiht, aOer liviiiji su lun:.' mi Imieh wull's t!^^h ami
seality liiet. I lu.'kiil luiwai.l lu the ..-i iisiial |i.\-.uf ;•,
I'uasl wurthy ul I 'liri liiias
"I 1 \amiiieil m\ iilh. kiiuw ill;! thai these slix hinis
w.'iil.l II.. I alli'v llie lu appiuaeli near i ii..iil;Ii tu n.-'e
small --liul.
" .\ i^iaml luukinj; euek was sittiiij; jii.-i within reiieli
of Inv hiillel. hut all II reslstihle eoMlulis ilesiie to j-et
tuiihir.ls al lime imluii il inn sliulitly lu I'han'.-e iii\
pusitiuii. I tioil un suiiie slieht twi^'tliat washniileii
h\ the snow ; it snappeil iiinler my h.ul. li i^hleiieil
the tiiwls, llllll the wliule lluek instantly Ih w ulf.
"I'.etweeli hope ami ili-:ippi.in< liii lil. pi li al lull iiml
siitreiilii:, the lime pas,-ei| lililll the tlist ilay uf . lam .ii\.
ami I w:is l\ iii^i one ilay iiinli r my hlankel ami skin-.,
nellhel asleep liur aw. ike, hnt helWiill the two, when
I hi':iiil the suiiml of iippiuai'hiii;( (..uisii p>, ami al the
same lime tin Imliaii Kiliilaliuii. ' .\u larru laii '
i ll'.ilua, liieml !) 1 w;is mit of my rexeiie in a iiiuineiit
aii.l iii\ h.iml like li.jhini \\i uli my lille, when, heluie I
I'unlil p't uiit of my tent, soini' wunls ih.it Mnimleil liku
sweeii-l iiiU'-ii' In mine ears, Mn^lish wmils. were
pr..|imilii'i il ' N ...| ai. in a hail i a-e lieie. Irieliil.
' < 1 Ine III, I el'K'«l, uluiuBl ln-iiiilL' Ui^bvlf with Ju_\
' !!!
364
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
i 1 '
i I
,111(1 tlifi curtain roso. mid (lu'ii ciawlod in, iint as I
li^id rX|i('rtfil, 11 wliitf lif.ivir liiiiitir 111' tiMMllitii;
Aforinnii. liiit ii viTV dirty mid viiy « ild-lndkiiig
Indian, |iiisliiiig n ti\t' (not rilli' IpcIom' liini.
"As I iii.idi' 11 distrust till ii'|iill,iiit grsturo, lio ex
ol:iiiui'il, ' Villi ran spi'iik Kiij;li-li « itii iiii\ I iiiiiicr
St Mid very well ' ' Vnu iiic> mi Indian (' 1 iii(]iiiiiil
' My t'atlu'i' \va.s wliitc,' was the answer, • lnit ni\
iiiiitlirr was red, and I like lietti r tn lie an Indian ; I
liiluiiiT til the tiihe iif the Ottoes, ,'ind am mi iiiy wav,
with live emiiraih'.s and mir women, ti-um the hunt nil
the Xelirasea til our wi^^wanis at < ' uicil Ululls. The
smoke of your lire liroiight us hire ; our laiiiji is in «
ilee|) raniie two miles oil', Imt luv eom|iaiiiiiiis will
soon collie U|>. If you like ymi shall I'oiiie into my
tent, and go with lis to our village on the .Missouri.
The way is long, and there is a gnml de.il of snow ; we
must go, for our lieasts are laden with nu'at, hut tlieii'
sealps that adnrned liis shield gave testimony to his
v;ili.int (h'l'ds ; and to hisi|iiality of dn adi-d warrior he
added too, as I was iiiforiind. that of a gre.il mi'diiiiie
man that is, a |ihysii-iiii and iiniiuiir My uiifm-
tuiiate situation, es|iiTially the hhIi'^ lloh, >ei imd to
awaken a strong feeling of eiim'i.is>iiiii in him ; fur
when old Wo lie shee luiudeil the lighted |>i|ie In iiie,
he |iiit his hand under the leatliern eiiririin. and |iiilled
into the tent the Iri shlileeilmg (|iimler of a deer he
had just killed, and witli good iiatured noils, tlire« it
down at n.y siih . We had now mhIi a feast as I li.id
not known lor some time. Farlar's -liarp nose jm 1
.seented out, among the hea)i of t'liui.'^ eoiifiiMdly tiiiii-
liled to;;etlier, a \ es.sel ooiitaining tallow, whieh we
had for greasing the eartwheels with ; this he |iut
into the jiaii, to improve the tiavoiir ol the Iresh veni
son, and lerlainly I thought I hid never l:i«iid aii\ -
thing inore .sjivoiirv. We ate and smokeii. mid ale
will lie room for your things; our women will sew | again, and e,\elianged, in the meant ime, Imt li » eiiher
moeassins on your feet, .so tli.it ymi need imt have ol words or signs ; hut, at every Juiey sliee 1 eut otf,
any hi ly trail liehind you. Make up ymir mind I lile>-ed my red skinned deli\erers who, wnlmut any
and say that yoii will, Imt lirst gi\e me sometliing to priis|i,'et of gain, hid slid to me : ■ ^'oll are iinngry,
eat. Iiir 1 im hungry.' e.it ; you are ready to perish, eome with as; you are
•••I knew the Ottoes Were liiotlieis to the whiles,' I sick, we will take e:iieot ymi — elolhe you ;' alid yet,
answered. ' I will go with ymi, lio\\e\er fir it may lie in tin- eyes of so pimi> mis^ioumie-, the\ wmil.l lait
As for your liiui!,'er, 1 will put my v\ hole stoek het'ore hive lieeii heath .i^taways. not good • nmigli to live
ymi Mere are lirst two fresh legs of a prairie wolt. >vith them as menial-.
Mot t.io fat. leit liiily, hut if yon are liun:,'ry you will " When we h.id liin-liei; o,ir meil of vi iii-mi. w i.'
eat of them ; lure is a hit of Inilliilo nHMt. and here i- made some eolVei of rcilid roiii, (line nime. ilie
some horse fidder Imai/.e) If ymi like salt, ymi need pipe of old Wo ne .-liee wnt loiiml. and then "e 1 ■ uali
miU -tretel t ymir hind to tli:it little liai;. it is full to i;tlk of our |i!:,ii- lor the imiiiny ; it w.i- .-eilled
■ ■fit.' • W^ilf's tlesli is had foo.l," said l,.iiiis Farfir. th.it my Iiid!;iii I'lieiiU v\eie !■■ eome down in tu!!
the hall' lire.d, 'we red skins Ill-Mr eat it. hut in ease f nee next day, and take nie mnl iny g.n^ds to iheii
of need, or ~iiiiieiimes f.ir a eiire. when we li:ive got ■amp, ami theiieefoiw.iid I -,;■< !■■ eon.^ider their !■ nt^
the tooth. nhe ■ .r the rheiinialisin ; liutgiveit le-ri'. I
am iiunL;ry.'
•• W ith the~e v.H.U he eut two thill sliee^. from tin
s'li'l li'i.'. laid tliini lip 111 the lire, and tilled up the
time till tliev wi-re iiMily Ky ehewing the hard Imt
weil-ll.ivoured liult'i ■■ 111 '.It l.oiii- I'ait'ir had nm
vet finished his meal when tw.i new (•.■nnis n^ nh
their appearaiie''. erawling in as he had ili^Ii^'. .iii<i
(•■iliijileteh lilliiiu' np tin- -mill ■Iwellini;. They wen-
.sav.iges, hat they viieii-ht-.l ■•nt tie-ir li.iiels !■■ im- in .i
friendly maiiiii r om-i- tin- lin- . .uid tin- lir-t. ;iinl ;iii
olil -viiiikle^l w.iiri^^r. wh^.-e n iiik- «a- U'o m- shee.
thie.v his hianket Iimiii his shoiilih'r. drew n hag
i-mlii.ii^lereil with liliie li.nU fi-iiii Ills i.'irdle, mnl .M-t
ahoiit the import itit hu-iiie" ot -tiiokiiii.', as a sign of
lierfei-t good will. The ii-iiii hinimei- o| his war
ll,(fehet » IS lioll..Hid ■■lit -■!.!- l.i firm a pipe he.id.
from whi'-li ii thin tii'iie ran up tin' li.indle, so that
the daiigi-i'oiis weapon ,served at the s.iliie time as the
symhol of |i.'.-ii-e.
•' Wliil-l W.i lie -hee •,\.-is I ikiiiL' hi- mixture ol' to-
li,-ii-e^> and v.iriiied;e-iiuie (siim.ieh leaM-s. nii\ei| with
will i.» l.iiki, I turned my alieuli^in to hi- Nminyer
eomp iiiioii. He w 1- a man of :;ig.intie In'ight, .ind. a-
l eoiild -i-e thiiudi he sat erouehed |o:;i tlier, of line
Ulid pinerfiil form ; In- h.iir wns eut ratln'i- slnii-:. and.
by gieal puns lie-t,wi^l ■m it. iiiiele to -taml iipri'.;ht,
exeept the pliite.l -e dp lo- k III the topol hi-he.id.
whieh hung h)W diwn his liaek. Mis fa -e w,i^ dee.i
rated with hhiik stripe-i ; and, in spite o|' tl|.' wild
expre>-ioii of his lealuie-, | ihmi^iii I jnid never seen
a haiids^^mer Inliaii ; hi- iMiiie was W'a ki ti mo nee.
or ilie I-'ii S..Mi.-r \l, w ,- ■■) ! !l i,,.t di-nii
guiolii-d v.iniur.1 ol the Uttoes. and the niim.i-n-
1- niy Iioine, ami llnli ho-pilalile iidiahitaiit - a- my
In-otliel's and faitliliil loinpaliions foi liie and >ieaili.
The worthy i-id-Kin li It me towanl-- iviiiiie,'. \viili .i
emdial faii-w^l!. !■■ r. Ii.ra to hi- e.iiiip in the |.-i\iM
I ha<l now hut ■me mmi- nii^lil !■■ p.i-- aloiie in the
-teppe.
■■ With what a diltif-nl teelini; rolled my-. -If ihis
night ill lii\ aeeii-loined i.ivi iiiu.', iiou ihil I hid ll.is
pi'iof that the kind and w iii-litui e.oi ,'1 I'lovidi m e
W.I- still o\e|- me as mils as it i> in i very siliialion of
ill' . how mlitentid and happy I felt that I h.id Hot.
•luring this dieailliil six wei ks, listened to ihi' siigi;e-.
li^iii- of despair I l.iy loieg thinking oM-r the varimis
things that had happened to nn- : Imt a lew Innirs
-itiee helpless .ilnl Inilnele--. aiel -eemillujly left 1^1
peti-h. and I11.W-. I ■mild Inne -henieil -ih.iel at t he
ihmiuht. I wa- -.iM-l and oin e iin^re to lixe among
hlllll.'in fellow elialllle- I ill i not know, indeed ImW
luig 1 mi;;ht he lompeil. d ti^ remain « it li -avage- ; I iit
I lej^iiei.l that lli'-v wei. iiieli who.sieliied, I llimi::lit,
iin ipal'li- of treae!>i>r\. and who looked ii|io|i me as a
little r. ami I dii f< e< like a hiolhi-r to ijiem a-^ l.'iig
a- I remained with ihem. md up to the moiiiei-,' when
I -hook their hrown hands on our p.irtiiiu' invei to
n t .(.'ain, ami I saw s.iriowfnl expre- mn in llnir
I liudil hlaek eVes. I fei 1 like their l.f^ihei- still when
I -liinl here in full he l<h and -ti'in'.^th lookiii'.' round
■ ■II the i;lorM"s Willi ■ ■! lioil. and !'• iiiemher that I
have t>i thank tin laiililnl Iinlim liiiinlslhit I am
h.-i-e io do so. I Ihil I 1 -I. -.11 -II 1 have ihal hri.ilierly
fi'eliiig lowiirils th'-m when w.- I1..1 li appe ir hi-n-ilter,
t^i '.;ive mi iieeoiiiil In Im^ hiin « h ■ai ti.. -. p..^'r -.iva'.'eM
■ - 1.1 iJH I li.-.l t; I Spun
' llv the lime (lie littl. i.iU'l ■■I : )tt..i - ■ .nil. !<■ me oil
iiiii>iiy Id liis
■d Wiiniiu- li»
ri'iit ini'iliriliti
Mv uiil'i'i-
,ll, ^ci lil.-.l !■>
ill liiiii ; till'
1 |ii]H' I'
II. iiii'l I'lilliil
of II ili'i r lir
mils, tlirrw it
rust a.-. I li^iil
Mlp Ill's.' ill) 1
it'iiMilly tiiiii-
vv, «lllrll »l!
llii> hf put
III' Insli M'lii-
T t:i~li'il iiil\-
ik.'.l. immI -'I.'
,ut ti'« I'iili.r
ici' I rut olV,
., witlidut aiiy
u .'111' iniii^'i-y,
li sis ; yi'ii iivo
oil ;" aliil yi't,
l,\ Wiilll'l I'lil
, i',uii-li to liv.'
it' vilii-"ii. wo
II',' llloll', 111''
llii'ii vvc 1 ' :; '"
i, wjs Ml tin)
'|o»n III full
,_,,„.i\-, lo ilii'ir
ili'i' ill, 11 t'liti
iliilaiit~ n- my
ill' ali'l Mi'Mtli.
\, iiiii'j. " II li '1
II, llic MMIi'
;i|olll' ill llio
IIV.-..lf llli.H
I Ilia tills
lo^ iili lli't*
'I I
Mlualiiili "t
il I
not.
|l'i tlic sii:;ir<'—
r I III' viirioiiH
;i li'W lio.irs
ii-lv I. 'ft to
il"ii'l at tho
-I.MIU' - ' 1 "t
ll. I ll -lit,
liiiii'ii nil' a> a
I a- l.ii'.;
IiIm'Ii
iii' \\ iiiii
||l'_r II, M'l- to
l"ll 111 lllrll-
|- «tlil, « lll'll
hill" I'
It I
U I ll ll I am
|l^al ioi'tinrly
II. Ill Ti'a
II. I,
ll- -a\ a'.'i'H
lo nil' ,)U
FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC.
3Gfi
tho following; mo'-niiiK, V had iiackcd tip all the In'st ' limi liroii'.'lit. Tlii'y loft iiotliiiiu' liiliiml, ami wlioii tlio
tliim.- lM'|om,'iiii,' partly to iii\~i'lt' ami piiitly to my fnt l^'atlni- was toiiml to lio too liriniy tVo/.oii to tlio
foriiii'i" I'oliipaiiioii, :iiiii I riiiil<'iii]ilati'i| with llii' j.'ioiiml to lio u'ot up. tlioy cut it olfalioM' tlio sliow,
livi'lit'st iiili'fisl, ii'~ llioy approu'lii ,1 to ;;i'i'ot uio, tin- aiol tlirrwit in « itli tln' I'l-st of tlio tliiu;;'! To wliat
• pIIkT moiiilii'i's of till' raravali with whioh I was to piiip"--,' llio liitir uaLIu'oii wii^ I,bii|oiI I lonM not
lie as.S(M'i. lll'll, l!o.-.i'li's tli ali'oaily tiioiitinnoil, iIhTi' iiinli'i'^taml. iimil I s.iw llio womi'ii ai"! yiiim; Lois
wi'io Si'Uiu '.'i'^' iiikii a yoiii',' woiioi', Soha-lm- liariio^s tlu'iii-olv, s to ii. mioI liy iliiil of piiHiiii,' and
I', it il<o, a lad of i'i:;lili" II, til.' ~oMofold Wo-uo-sh-o, pii-liiii','. wiih many a iiii'iry slioiii, loll it away
anil voiiiii; Wa ki to im'. a liin' vnin:; follo-.v . son of in ilo' diroi'tinii of tlioir ramp, u liii.' I niy-ilf, oarrv iiif;
llio niiilioino iiiau. A suaiai ol wonicn folloui-,1 ;ii ;i n.i ,iii:«liut uiy weapons, f.'il. .. I slow K with tho oMor
I,'.^l cli,ianc'i', and as soon as tli' y arrivi'd. sit iilioni warriors. Wlnii I had ii a, li. d iln' top nt tho hill, I
pa.kiiiL' tlio Imii'llos thai lay iilmit into ihohaM' -l'io,l ^lill a liiomi'iit to l'...k li,.i k "u ih.' moii,' of my
siiowo'l up wa:.'u' HI. " hiili I and my I'Uairi' i ompaiooh iii'li'sorili.ilile ^iiili'i'iii'.;-. .\ 11 l,iv-!;li iiudii' its whito
368
ALL ROUND THE WOIU-H
I' s;
! I
>.', M
iih
lllinlll tn illllllliit lililisll ('ill Iiii ( Tint cnuiitrv,
tlMiiijli MO amiti'roiis. w.i.-. of >iii'ii .i iioitiu'"riilioii - -tin-
v.illi'vs wen' so liaiTow, the nviiv »> iMpiil, ami llic
moiiiitaiiis so Hti'<'|> — tli.it it was imt |iinli ililr ilial it
coiiiil siislaiii a laf.iji' |io|iiilalioii. I'.iit wliil. lliis «as
iin nhjcot.)"" n-i'l'iviliV tn thr Pn or I?iv r ili-trict. Dr.
liril.pl- >|»pkc III I 111 ^^11 .11 I 111 ail ill 111 th<- I Imi- niiirso
(ir casli'i-ii triliiilarii'> ul' tin' t iiliiiiiiiia, wliirli In' ilf-
sct'iiilril.anil iil'tlu' liihius.s (il'tlif valliy of the t'oluiu
l>ia it-.'lf.
It is :,'i'iiiTally ailiiiiltfil. that ihr coiitfliiplatcil liiH>
of railway wniilil In' I ho mo-t iiM|iiii't iiit ii|iiiii tln' siir
faiv of till' liliilic. Ci'itaiiily, a> irspi'its thu |iii,>si-.-
sioiis of this I'liiiiiti'v, 'lirrr was not a liiir that rmilil
lie ooitiparril with it. It wmilil not iiiiTcly In' a liiii'
of jjri'at iiii|iortaiici' to North Aiiirrira. Imt it wmilil
iilli'i't olhoi- parts of the world, Asiatic ami Kuiopcaii
as wi'll as Anirrii'an.
'rhiii' is soiiicthiiisj, it is to lie olisfi-vt'il, that is vn y
titiikiim ami siii,'i^i'stivi' in the contrast lictwi'di tin'
way in which the native Iinliaiis, ilwcllin^ in these
countries, look iip(<n each other, ami the way in which
they treat white men wh iiiie anioliij them. 'I'ln'-'
who accoinp.inieil (^apt.iiii I'alli^er. when they caiin to
the territory of aiintii.r ii lie, wrv atV.iiil to iji. mi.
The trilies v.ere at war. ami .IimiiI of each other in
( on.sei{iieiice . liiit, when a wljite man c.ime anioii:^
tliein. lie was re.'civi'il .is a fiieml. The ipie,>tioii i.s,
whether oiir expectations of these poor liiiliaiis, who
ha\e not yet hail the experience that other liii|iaiis
have hail of the white man. will lie reali>i'i|. U'e
know what ha> lieeii the result in other ca-es that
M.ine of the trilies have lieeii altoijether liliiltiil out
from the tin e of til' earth, ami others lia\ i- he n ilriveii
t.'ir luck iVoiii their iiri:,'in.il pos.MSsioii^. iiiio a part of
the coiiiilry wher.' they cannot ;;et the iiieai;^ of si|li
sistelice. It is to lie hopi'il no such file will liefall the
inilian>. 'ivlm lecciveil t'.iptain lalii^erwith so iniicli
li'ispilalitN : it i.i in onr power to prevent it. hy
walehiii!,' the pionii <s of oiir explorers ami colonists
withtliciye I,, phil iiilhropi-ts, aiel ;;iiari|inL,' aixiiiist
the inliMililrii.in of those e\ iN aiiniii;,' them that have
lieeii Ml ile~r riictive in other inlinces. An Imli.in
chief was om e toll, that tin- ria--iiii why he oppo-Mil
the proi'iosot ( 'h ri it iaiii ty a mill i;; his people wa-- U'caiise
he \\.,i I .ml .iflilewater Tlie chief ,'IM' Ins exponelll .1
fink lit' - I nil. .1 el .saiil ■ — '• N"i<. I I ive the liie wiii-r :
I kiH'U It i- ili'stroyiii:.' me an. I my people. Imi h ivv
c.ilin' w,. i.y the tire-water ' Uit'il'.' the wlllli' III. Ill
came aliioii;,' iw, we ate ti-li. ihei. ImmvcI. alel other
aniimiln, mu) drank ttie wafer of our lakes ami riverH.
and Wf RiiHereil no harm The white man came, and
lold us the lire wilier would iii.ike iis very happy. We
ilialik it. Htid ut last we ealiie to love it. Ami if you |
" i.sli us not to imike use of it, tell your own |M'iiple,
Mnir tiailiis. not to liriii(» it ainon^; iis ' Soiiie-
tluTu; shoiilil lie done to '^tay the prni^'ress of the evils
.l.at have. Iiitheito. in ciiin|>atiieil the white man in
unint; aimmn the Inili.ins, -o that, with the pro- |
tiess of mil eoioiii.'sitiiin. there may he it corre- I
~|HiniliMf; piogrc-iH of uiir ChriKtiunity iiiid our oivi- I
liHAtion.
IV.— THK CoUNTIiY lUMWKKN CANADA |
AND MlilTl.SII COl.UMmA
So far for official investiiiHtiou. which of necc'sity
lieiiip nime piecise, lii.-ps inmli of the iiitcruHt of
Hdvfuturt; IB the vluUiiutiuu ut lucul dulaiiit. I
I The couiitiy thus explored and that which in com-
prised lietwieii ('aiiad.i and IIiiihIi ( 'oluiiiliia, in-
clmlini,' the district ol l.,akes \\ ii.ipr;;, Winipiifosis,
Maiiilolia. and others, the priiiiii>iiii; rei,'iiiiis of till'
two .■sask.itcliewans, or l!ow liners, a x.ist rc;;ioli of
forest and prairies -at prcMiit the hiintiiij; L;iininil of
the red men and the hall liieeds— the Itockv .Mmintains
tlieiiisilves. and sleep i|e.-.iiiits aloiii; the deep vallevs
of the (.'oliiiiiliiiiaiiil Krizi r Iviveis, presents leatiiresul
deep i lit ell St : friiiii the scenes of wild nnriclaiined
naliiie, teemiiii,' with animal and M'i>i tahlc lite, and
fi'olii the Insly priimi>es held out l>\ these liniippru-
priated territories to a future cix ili.sation.
How loiiuiiate Would it lieif weconid meet with, as
a wanderer in smh seems, .some daring ■oiini; artist,
sketi'h liook in hand, who ci'liihiiiiiig at miie the
ipialilies of hack woodsman, linnter, tiappii, and
traveller, should unite to them the rare (|iialiticatiiiii of
a knowlcdije of the laiii,'ii.iL'es of the Indian trilies,
tiii,'ithi'r with the fniiliy ol a i|uiriiij,' their confuh nee
and friendship.
It is with pleasuie. llnrefore. that we turn to the
pa^'csofAlr. I'aul Kane, w ho. althoUf.di his travel- date
now some time hack. Imldly ell'ectid his way hy lake and
liver, hy )irairie and rocky mount, tlirinigh forest and
mai'sli, and over ice and snow. Iri ni 'Joionto tn
Virtoria ami hack again, fmni the waliii Milley of the
('oliiml'ia to the sterner climati' ul the I'pju r ( 'aiiada.
It was hardly possihle that the narrative of such un
extensive exploialoiy Jouii.ey should not he iiccom
|iaiiieil hy some sllikihg features, iilld We have not
lieen di>appi>iiiti d in limling tlieiii.
Starting from Toronto on the I'tli of ilnne. with
no companions Imt his porlfulio aiid a Im.x ol p.iints,
hi- giin and a stock ol iimmuiiilion. the advi ntiiroii.s
artist took the most diiict n.-id way to Lake Iliitili,
and the (Inat .MiMiitoalin Islainl, wheie a inciting ot
-.mill Indian- wa- a.-.-emlih d, waiting for the atiival
ol the \ex-el that was freighted with their annual
pii -cuts, ii.mpiisini,' gnus, ammiinilion. .i.xe.-, kittles,
.iiid other imph imiils useful to the Indian. Iliiehu
lil'-l heard the Indian pipe or tlai^eolet
"Strolling iMie i veiling in the vicinity of the ciilii)i, 1
heard the s Hind of some musical iiistrninent, and when
iipproaching the perlottiier, who was Iviiignndera tree,
I found tiiat he w.isplav ing on all instrunn nt lesemliling
a llageolet ill con^l iiii t ioii, biit iiioie hotter in lone,
riii- in>triiiiieiit is principally ii-ed \t\ lovers, who jihiy
lor h. lilts in the viiiniiv of their mi-tii ss's lodge. 1
have often listened with pleasure to this music, as its
simple and plaintive notes stole through the Htillut^ra
of the forest, rill- lovir made no sei nt ot his ol.jeet, hut
conversed with me freely iipmi the siiliject of Ins love."
The power of love among the Indians is iipially itH
foriililo lu [Hiet.- tell us it liius heun in inore civilised
cotniniinitieH.
Among the niiineroiis Indiann assemliled at Mitni-
toiiiin was one that pari icidarlv attracted Mr. Kane's
attention Iroiii his venerahle and distingiiiNlied appear
ance. This was Shaw wa-no» Howay or •' ( die with his
face towaids the West" He had lieen a celelinited
warriiir in his youth, hut owing to a loimintie incident
had uliaiiiloiieil the tomahawk and .scalping knife for
the peacealile prolession of the inedioine mall, or, ill
common pai lance, the meromanoer or eoiijiiror, iu
rtliich he had olilaiiied great iepiit<' among his |H'opl«.
Tlieii' dwelt many years hehire. on the sliores of one
uf the great lakea, a kjaud of Ojibewayii. Among iLem
.^^
litli is coiii-
liiniliiu, in-
,'inlis ipf till'
,t nuiuu nl
ii; yluulicl 111
\ Miimitallis
il(< |) viilU v>
Is liiitmis !•!
mirnlMiiiiiil
lilc liti'. iiiiil
lae uiiiil'|iro-
IIK rl Willi, HR
•imii^ aili.-t,
nt iiliir the
liiipliir, niitl
nnlil'h :ilii'll "I"
llclilUI IlllifM.
cir ninCiili lui'
■ tiini til tin'
listniviN ilatf
iiy liy liikf ami
\f-h tMii^t iiiul
I Tiirniitii to
viilU'V I't' tlio
l'|i|i< f ('iiimtla.
Vf 111' Mirli all
lilt Ir lirriilll'
\M- liaM' not
iif ■Ililir, willl
linx lit ]i;in.l>,
n> aihniluiiiii.s
1 hikr liunii,
|. a uiritiiin I't
till' iiirival
lliiir :iiiinial
:i.\f>. ki lllis,
111. Ill II' 111)
i.f iliifinii)'. 1
■lit, !lllil wlirll
; mull 1:1 till',
111 IrMllilililit;
llll 1' 111 ll'lll'.
irl>. wllii I'l'lV
, .-■- li..li:r. I
iiiii.-ir, as its
tllC Htillui'HB
il.~ c.l.jri't, Imt
..I liiv liivr."
is i'i|iially ax
iiinii' riviliscd
l.tid lit Maiii-
imI Mr. Kiiiir'n
iiisiliiil ajiiii'iir
' *)nr Willi liiH
a wli'limtfil
lanlif" iiiriili'iit
Ipiiii; kiiil't! tor
111- iii.iii, or, ii»
(•iiiijiin)r, iu
j; lii^ |M*i>l>le.
slioiTH 111 one
Aiiioug lL«ni
FROM THE ATI.ANTIC TO THE PACIFIC.
S0T
w.i.s IV fninily, consisting of a father ami mothiT, with a self from ohsorvntion, rravleil towarils tho fire, whern
{{iiiwn ii|i .siiii ami ilaii;;lilir, the hitler iiaiueil Awh- his vieliiii sal aluiie, |iii'|i;ii in,' liis rveiiini; ie|iast, ami
mill way ; nr, ' 'I'liere is musie in Inr tiiotste|is." She shut him fnnii lnhiiel a Inu. Iliiliii;^ tin- liculy .imiing
exeeeilcil ill iieaiitv the lesl nf the trilie, ami was smiie brnshvv 1, he timk |HiMsissinii iit' the eaim i>| hi.v
eagerly soii;,'ht ill mairiane liy all tho youiij^ warrims iimrileriil rival as a means nf aic iiiiiiim fur las h^^h
of her n.iliiiii. It was nut Inii;; hetiire Miiek eliiek- ahsiiire, ami hasiemil li.iek tn lln' \illiij,'e, whiiv he
eiKiW, or •• IMa.-k Kigle," reiinwneil tiir hi^ iH-mvess in ieiie«iil his suit nmre anlinlly tliiin liefoie. to the ulter
hiittleaniliheiha.se, hul, hy hi.s a.ssiiliiiliis, won her ili.sa|i|ininlmeiit ami ilislivss ot A w ii iniil-wav, w Jm >ti'l
nniliviiled alfeetiniis ; imr ili'l she cnneeal IVhiii him this 11 jeiteil nil his dn ni hits with iiiili;,'niiti'in, iin'il, nrf,'e'l
faMiiiralile state of her feelilif^.s, hut, in aiiniilamu with liy the pusi-ive eiimmamls ami llire.its uf her ]iiireiils.
the i-iistiims nf her |ien|ile. she hail nnh^wilnliiiiily e.\- she at lust, lin|iiii^ liy some arliliie -,iil| to ]nit nil' tin-
tiiiLiniiheil ihe lilazin;,' liark whieh he hail sent tlnatiiiLT evil ilay, emivinliil tn niniie a time wlien she wniij.l
ilnwn ihe stream th.it i^liileil ])ast her loilge, ami thus reeeive him as her Im-liaml. tiiisliiij. that her ln\er
aeknnwledneil him as iier iuee|iteil lover, ('niifnlenl wmilil in the meaiiliniei ri liii n ami 11 seiie her frnm the
of lins.se.ssini; her heart, he ilireeteil all his eniliavniiis iin|iemhiii; s.iriilii e, ami enniealin!,', as well tt.s the
to the |)rn|iitiatio!i of her [larenti, ami eaij;erly son;,'lil imilil. Inr imreasiiii^ aver-inii to her |iei-seentnr.
how to eoin|iens,ite thoin for the lo.ss they wonlil The ilriinleil ilay at lisl. hoviMr, anivnl, hut no
umlerj^o ill reliminishinji a ilaiiijhtei- so ilearly InM.l jnver. nf 1 miise, ntnrmil Littlr iliil shr thii k that his
Kor this |mr|iose he ileparteil mi 11 I0II15 ami ilislaiit niaiiL;|iil iiiiiiiins !i:iil falliii a pii v In ihe luveiinns
hunt ; iiml, while striinini,' every liuiilty of his miml lunsls nf llie fniesl ; tnrslill linpr Inmlly din cteil Inr
ami linilv ill I'olleetiii'.; lrn|diiesaiiil presents wherewilli j.'a/,e in ihe diiiriinii she liinl sun him lake at Ins
to eoiu'iliate them, and slmw his iiilire deviilimi tn the di |iarliire, when all was Miiishine and pn >| 1 riive hap
ohjeet of his ailoratinii, their evil destiny Innn^lii pims.s. \Vith inhili)^ eyes and a hiiislin;; liiart, she
Shaw wa-iins-.snway, then a ureat war chief, in all the saw tia' eveiiiiic; iipjunaeli that was tn l.iml Inr iiie
priile of manly streni;lh and vii^mir, to their eiiinp, on vncahly tn nni- she alihnrred. 'J'he hridal raiae, which,
ids return Irnni a war excursion, iu which he liail f;ically acinrdiliL,' In llie Indian eiisloin. had In in prepared
ilisliiiuui.shc I hiliiself and spread his fame fir and wide «ilh all tin- m cis-ary steri s tn ceincy the lulinihcd
as the terror nl' his eiieinies .iiid the bnast of hi.-, friends, p.nr on a niiiilli's i-.\i-iiisinn Inj^t ilnr (whii li i.-, in fact,
H.iviiii,' liearil nf ihe trin^iendcnl charms nf .\wli- llie mdy n aniaue ei 11 iin n\ 1, was alriinly lyilij: on the
mid wav. he prescnti-d hi iiscif liefore her, girded with hcacli Mii;lil li.id ci-liie ; ihe nuptial least was pie-
the sc.ilps nfhiseuemies, and Inaded w illi niher tlnphies paled -the last she was In partiike nt in Inr lallnr's
nf his victories. No -ooiier did he liehnld In-r, than. Indite— win n. In | the hridi-was mi-sini;. and 1 niisti-r-
DVercome hv her chirms, he dcMiteil him^i-lf tn her nalinii Usiiipid the place of i.'aii t\ in the hridal ihi-niii;.
.service, ami endeavoured, hy every art thai the nmst i;a;;iily did ihi-y si i k hii, with leiilns and shiii:ts,
pa-siniiate love cnnhl dictate, to win In-r rcv;aril. lie tliinUL;li iln- in ii;hl 1 iirini.' Iniesls, Iml im aiiswi-rinf,'
recoil II ted the inilili-ri>iH li.it lies he had wnii, the i-iicliiies si 111 ml mel llieir e.iis. alllii liijli the >i an h w.-i~ 1 niilinm-d
he had >laili : he ilispl.iycd the i-n-kiiii,' scalps he hid with iinliriiii; iai;cniess till da\lii;lil. 'linn. Inr tln-
torii finin the defealcd 1 iieiiiy — warrinrs who hid liceii liist time, ii wa.s disi n\( nil thai the hiidal laime VMis
the terror nf his u.-itimi ; he named the niany chiefs );nne : ami. i nnclmliiii: that lln- I 1 ide had a\: lied hi-r
who hail siii'd to him fir peace, and at the same time self nl' it to aid Iniisiapi- Shaw w.-i ims ■ wa\ . ai-i oin-
plied cvcrv artilice 111 win the ;;n,ii| will nf her paicnls ; juiuied hy In-i Innilii-r. slaiiid in piiisiiit nii tiiot,
who, pp 111 I of what tliev ciinsidci-eil tln-ir d iic.;lilir's I'ollnwinif the din-i lion of the shore.
.,iipcrli 1 ■■inpicst, listened to him with di-li^dit, .iiid .\llir ]'incii dini; Inr several houi-s, tiny caiieht sijjht
nrncd her hy everv pei-sna-ive »r;;iiiiiciit to accept mi of the i-aiinc ami its fair oeenpant in the distniice.
ilistint;iiislicd .1 chief as her hti-lianil, expitiatiii;^ nil Incrcasiie,' their spud, they leaelnil 11 pnint wliiih the
the liniiniir such ail alhaiicc wmill confer mi their cai iniisl nei-es.saiily ]iass round llere lln- lover
family. Cmistant, howevi-r, tn her fust love, she liirmd swam mit, linpinj; In iiili-icept it; in \.-iiii did lie
" lie if c ir to all the pr-itcslaiions of his rival, vlioe 1 ndi-avnui. l.yi-\ii\ iin-aiis he cmild de\ ise. tn induce
tales of cnniiuest and IiIo.kIv trophies only excited her her In -inp and lake him en hnalil Id-lialed hy her
ahlinirence. iis'.lnie lelnsal, and the viiiniirand skill with wliicli
I'liit, nnthin;.; d uinted. and determineil lo win her she plied liei- p.iddle, he was ohlienl to le1iln|iiisli the
either liv fair means or foul, Shiiw-wa-nossoway perse piirsuii, a. id ii-tnrn to the shore. He had siareily
Mieii in his siiit, triistin;; to lime and aecideat to iittiiin linded when a \ ioleiil storm, iiccoin) iinii d w itli tlnindi r,
his ohjeet. The poor frill, now made truly wielched hy liiihlnim;. and heavy lain, cninpillid the pair lo en-
lis nmle\ iatiiii; pei-M'ciilioii,acconipanii'il liy tlicinen.-ico c-iiiip for tin- niiilit. Nnlvvilhslalnliii^ tin- lelipist,
nf her parcnu, who were determined to overcmn. whal ^In- cmilinned Inr ell'mls -nlil the shades uf nielli hid
lliev rc^'arded a.s the leliellimis nhsliliacy of llieii child, In-r from their \iiw The clouds dispci-sed with the
at leniilli lame to the ics.iliilimi of appc-iliiiL; to the dawiiini.' day, and liny iniitinned their pnisii't until
;,'em-rosilv and Ininmir nf her pi-r>i ciilnr. and, in lie ihey, ai lenvrvh. e-piul the eaiine lyini; mi the shore.
lin)«' nf priipilialini,' his t'orlK-araiii-e, in an evil hmii -In- Thinkin;; llicy had al last iililaim-d their nhiei t. tiny
i-onfes,seil her I iiiLT I 111 risheil alhctinii fir .Mnck e t... k ipiii-keiied llnii-sle|is; lull, on enniin;.' up In il, they
eiiow. He no snn,,.r ilisciiM red the laiise i.f licr ie|e. em niinieied a ti p lit wiilves, ami tin ii In imr may
lion nf his suit, than raije and Jealousy look tnlt p-s well lie i-oucei'.ed, oil iliscnvi rilii; the 1111 ailis nf tllO
ses,siiiii of liiM lieirt. and plans of veii'.'e.ince ripidiy luini,' they loved alnmst wlinliy ili-\ > iiri-d, ami only to
miiveedcil e.nli nthcr. until he decided mi the assissiiia Ic ieiiiL;iiiscd !v Inr turn iind scallcri-il i.'ariiienlH.
tiiui of his ri\ ,il. ll-i\iiie learned frmii his iiii-ii-pccl Wilh .icliiii:; hc.irl, lln-v cirel'iilly (.'athercil In r seat-
i::H charmer lie- rmile her ln\er had taken, he liai ki-d lend leniain-. and. placin:; tin m in llieeainie. nliiined
him, ami cuiia- up with Li.s taiii|i, unii, co|ieeallii(,' him- , to the camp, wliere she wiuswept iiiiii luourueil over for
fl
I ■
ii
1 1'
.■!««<
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
iiKiiiv «iik> liv lii'f iliM'oii-i.ilnlc' iil.iljv • ^ iiMil iViriiils,
.11 1' I I III'IimI \\ II ll ;ill til I' Illr> .>t° lirl' I I'll II'.
Il W.I- i'\i.|i'iit tli:it till' >ii'i\\ >t"nii li;ii| lii'JM'ii till'
r;ill'>i' nil ~li<>l'i' . mim! il i~ jH'oliilili' lllil III I' lluiti<ri:iN
till' UilullillU' .1 lii'i' ll.niii,' li'i-'iiii' -iillii'il with w.lliT.
>|||" ll.iii liri'li ili'li II II' I ill i\ iili'.ill- III |ilii|ril ill:;
jlcl'^i'jl' Irmil llirv l':lMiMiil- .ihiililU
Sil.lW H:l II I- -nW.iy «.i- -11 llllirll '.:l'ii \ • il it till' IIMM'I'V
wliirli lii> iiii-iivi'iii.il'li- |ij>-iiiii- li.iil liriiii!ilit M|Hiii till'
ii'.jii'l iiI'IiIn \\;ll'li|i".l I..M-, 1 li.H III' liillll.' i till' l'l'>"lllli'ill
"t' :ili,'iiii|ii|iiii!,' Ills vi.irliki' |iiir~ilil-- . .iinl. tlil'mviii',' iiji
'!ii< tiiiii.iliaw l< I'l i.M' lii'i'.'it Sjiirit, lli.it it ini^'lit lu'
'■lll|i|ii\fil nlilv ;l- 111 ill>ll'illl|i'llt iif iu-lii'l-. Ill' tiiiik III
:t- sir^i'i ihr niitli- III' till' Il nil m m ; iinr ijiij ln'
. 1 IT :lllir .111 ilir"ll--i>li'll! I\ « Il II 11 1^ .1 II I'I'i 1 1 rll.ir.n I ■ r.
l-'i'iiiii ilii'Cii ii .M iiiii.iiiliii. Mr. K: |ii'iii-i- ijiil 1,1
Tlll'tir 1-I:llii|. ill lllr ^lllll- li'Irtiill l..i|<r^ llni'iiil :ll|i|
.Mirlliu':lll. «lliiv I'.'illl' (»|!lii'W:n- .llliI <>ll:nv:i- Il III
.irrivfil |.i I'll iIm' I'.'i.iiiMi i|,i||.ii'.-< ill |i.i\ iiii'iit Im- I. mil
i-i' In I t'l till' I'lliliil .■>i|,.ti -. Till' Ill ( M- III I 'mv. ,111.1
'iiii.i' ti l''ii\. Kivir, t'.ii' llii' |iiii-|ii~i' 111' \i^iliii,' till-
M lli.llli'i' llliji.lll^ nil till' l.:lUi' W lni'li:ll.'ii. '•I'llr
iX'liiii:; |ii'i\ ii'ii> t'l iiiir ill iv li. >i\-.Mi'. K:ilii'. "«i'
^.ivv ~iiiiii' I ii'li 111- ~|ii.inir,' ~.iliiiiili li\ iii_'lil Tlii- lii-
li'.v.iy- ,1 MTV |ii<'iiii'i'ii{!ir ,i{i|ii'.ii'.iiii'r, iIh' ~M'iiu' n' i
:.'l:iii' III' lIn' lil.i/iii:; |iiiiii kiiiil.< iiini lu.ii- m iIh' ii-nii
li;iiiii' iir li:.'lil j.ii k mi ihi' li.m nl' llir i-alim' liiin \ iii:;
till' iiaki'ii li:,'iii'i'> III' ilii' Ihiii.iii- iiitii wiM I'l'ln'l' ii{i>iii
llii' ilifk «:itrl' :ii|i| -iiiiliri- « U 'oiil imiiilii'fs nt'
li>li .'III' kilii'ij ill tills iii;iiiiii'i'. A- '111' lli;lii i-i iiiti'iiM'.
Ihi :iiiiiM' till' lii'.i I 111' till" >|i.':ir-iii 111. It I'liii.li'-
liiiii t . -.1' till- li>li ilUlilii'lJN lit :i v'l'i''!' ili'|illi. :ilii| It
till- -mil' I mil'. It ii|i|i.iii'iiily I'ltliiT iLiz/li's nr .iltrai-l-i
till- Ii 11. Ill my liiiyi-li iliy-. I Ilim' >i'|'I1 :i- iii.niv
M.'~ .'1 Iminli'iil liuilit jimk^ i.'li'iMi:; iiliiiiit tlii> l!.i\ nl'
'riil'nlllii. Mini li.l\ I' iilli'll iiillli'ij III till' >|lii|t. I'll!-, I
•ii|i|iii-i'. I'.iM' nil' .ulilit iiiii;il iiiti I'i'-t III till' -I'lin- : -n
I lilt. ;i tiMii:.'li vi'iy I ill -I « iili iii\ |iiii_' .1 1\ - |i.i'|i|iiii,'
I -Mt iliiwii iy iIh- till', .'iinl «luli' iii\ i|iiiiMii \\,i-
1 kill'.' .-.illli' li-li III :i »('i/i iii.-X- — I II I, 111 r.l-lli'Hl. I'll-
«i' 111. I 111-! I. Ill- k.'iil. I iii:i II' :i >ki'ii 'i. " (."I" |i ;i;t!> .
Till' I'lailiT will I'.ill t.i 111 ill! I till' .ji'-. -ill it lull ilivi'li iif
I hi
'ii'lliu'iit .-aliiinii li\ tiir.'li li.'lit in Sir Wulh i
~iiitt'> J,'' ''■iniiiitl- /. Inn |iii'li,i|.s tli.'lii'-l riilil|i.ilil.in 111
.ill ilht-tl';ltiiill 111 I'.llll K nil'- -ki'Irii i- tilMl -ll|i|i.|i'.| li\
t '.ilii.iiii I'.'illi-i'i' « Iiili' II lliu'.' Ill till' - mil' i|i-ti'|. t.
'(I'll' I'M'lilli;,'. ' -.i\- I'ljiMII r,llli-i'l', "«.• il.'Ii'l-
iiiiiiiil In ifii iiiil I'.m Imui III.' .1 -jii . i. , .it -|i .rr wliirh.
|..r tin- I'ljilii'iiti'iii I im i.iiilir.-ii mi il,i- -i.|i> nt' iln'
.\tl.iiilii'. I liiii-i i.'i'li'.u • t'l i'\|i| liii II ■-:! ini'lli'il
nt' I iiiitiiiL' ill II' .it Ill-lit .\n ii'.'ii I'.iii ,i''.i li'il I'l.i
lull.' -tirk, -I'l'Mh.' 1- a liiiiijli'. I- I'. in-, I I III ilii' 1 1 'I
li.ii.il n\,|' til,. 1,11 -1 lil.-r. iiiMi ulnii ill" lilt II III I
^i'i-|i- tlif liiiiiill'' I- a -111, ill ]iriii.'i-iiiii;> >lu'k, Ini'iiini'..; ii
I'lkmi «liii'lilii i'i--t ilii' I'llji' ill lii'liiv; Till' |i.'iii I-
lilli'il «illi lninilti:,' |iiiii' kii'its. wlilrli. liiini; ■^inii'iilr I
« itli tni'i I'liHiii', -111 i| :i II illiiiit mill -tint llu'lit nil
I .iiml, -liinlinf lilt 1 1 ll \ - n| :iiiy li.'ii' tliil iiiny rmni.
Ill Hint ijll'i I'linli, Mini lliii.li,.. ill '11, Innk hki' t».i li:il|.i
■I till'. Till' I'illi't I- li|n-l 1'1,1'iiill- t'l tlln-l' nil II rll-
ti'llllil In ll, MIri -l||'|il is, ,1 ,,,,. v,.| y | |,. '|'|„. |i|.,t (i,,,,.
M il.'fl' l-lllli- IIji Mini In li . li ,ll l,|\ ll:,'l|l, 1 ill'l'H ll|i lll\
fill'- an Ill- »i'll .1- I Hl- ,l|,.'. I'nl' I ||,| |„|t illl-
I'li-lii'tiv tmi'i- ll,,' liiii' ,.i' i,,s .,._.|,i. ;,|,1 ._,|, ,i,„,.k...l
ttilli rluilk I |.';,ii wi' M<l"|'l wli,ii ■■] iiii:> ullil ,lii,'ks
'iv iiii'lit III I ii;.'l;iii.l). .iiiil iir.,1; |,i,t mv lii,|ni.-ltiv('
l.ll.k lii'lllnii'il n|V lin-,',it|i,.,l, ;,- ,||,1 Mliillli-r ,.t Wlli.ll
I linii .-1 inli i,,l,K I'.ii,. .||,,| ;,!-,, il,,,f 1,1^,1,1,
" AFy iVii'iiil, Imui'Mi'. Ii;ii;;,'i' 1 nm', » lii'i','ii|iiin \vi'
IimIIi'iI. Mini liiuiii',' li^ihliil mil' liir in m iiiii' ,-|int,
-iiirmiiiili'il liy ■.•i.int liii-. -at il..\\ii liy i),,' -iil,' n|' ji.
Mini. Iiill,'i| liy il- ,li,','ili I i'i;i. kliin,'. iiiti'i'iiMti'ly dnsnl
.iiii| I'll itti'il till I liir'ji.i iii\ ili-M{i|iiiiiilnii'iit III iMilln!;
Ill |iMii liiiiit lin:. mill i'mii|i.i-i'il my-ilt' in -Inji, Mv
iniii|i iliinii. liiiwi'Vii', liiaiii;; killiil III- ilirf. wm.s in
Lti'i'il >jiii'ii- Mini I ilkMiiM' ; Ml liinliiii,' il iiii|,i.s>ilili' tn
liMlk III- rniiininnii'Ml i\ 1' liiininiir. I mn-ril iuvmII', Iv
lilliiiu' Mini llu'litiii'.,' iii\ |ii|ii'. Mini iiiMili' ii|i iii\ ihiml In
ii-ti'ii. ' Wi'll nnv. 1 Miw,' >Miil 111', ■ llii- |iMn-
liiintliiL.' i" Mil Mliiii:,'lil V ll iiiui mii-i -ml nl' tliiiii; ; inlv
In think mi wIimI 1im|i|ii'Iii' I In ih,' MmJi'I'mI tthis
tliiir i».i yi'Mi-,' ,\l\ n I'll r, imi-t knmv iln ,\|; jor
111 i|i|i'-t|iin hnl tli,il I Iiin:; liiiak l.i.-liil \Mlli n-.)
'It'- lint tm:,'iitlill M't . Wi' llli' hllll ^-liil nlinllt It."
■Will. I i'i'|ilii'il. •! I'i'iiii'iiiliri' Mill mIIihIi'iI In -miii'-
llllll,' lIlU llim nili',' « hi h hnl li.l|i|ii'iiril In liilii. ihiit
.-I'l'lll'il In Mil' I'l Mlllll-i' y <ll lllU 'h ninli' lliMll il Mlllll-iil
till' .M lim',' •,\!iiil-ril hllll'' hi' .A.lMinii il. 'Will
li'iw, I'll ti'll ymi ilii' «li.i|i' (ii'ii ii'kl'is. Mini il' Mil
tlilnk it nn:;ht In hui' miiih-i'I lilii 1 11 imI iii\ IimI.
Mini lIlMt'- ,1 I'mi'I. W.'il linw, Inl'i' '_;ni'-. .Mmlll llii,
tlllll' IW.l M'lr-. till' M li ll' I ikl'S il llll'i hi- hi'Mil In L.''l
'lilt |i,(n liiiititi:; ; II 1,1 hi' ii'Vi r « i- at im tiiin aliv-
llilli:;ii| .1 hniiii'i' 111 11 . u ly-. Iiiit hi' i.'nr- nil,' il.iik
iiiillit. Mil 1 M- -;iiii I- ll" -1 i.'l iiiiiu' n|i"n liiin ihn
I'yi'-i lit' .1 linn tMi'iiilini In,' Innk, In' iIi'mw- hi- luail'
(.l/c///!' . -1','lit .if I'i'l 'I 'ii|iiM hill, ami ilnun- hiiii.
I'll '.^I't- 111 itli'i'. Mini nil' 1 Hull' \\a\ -'Thai inii-i lir
till .jni'.' tiiinki til" ,\Iain|-. Sn hi liiMils ii|i aiiiiiii ami
Mw.i\ ll" '_''ii - Mil. T lii'i-, all I -n.iii rniiii's ii|, lining; h' r
i^iiii. t'lnk. ;;ni'- 111- litli' MLTMin . iiiiil he ilnwn- hi i
Inn Will h" th iii.'ht h" hail jil.iyi'il llii- llinn -n Im
III iki - hi- « iv ! iiiIm'?* iilinsi'lf a >l llT iliiiik. alnl
mil I. I'll. .Ill I in III" nnii'iiiii',' slnrls a riiii|'li' nl' iii'.':;i'i'-,
with an nhi hm-.' I" liiiin,' linini' lli" imal. lint.
Ill Imlil ynii, iii> tnlin.- nl ili" ihii- . ..-n hn l." i- ntl'hini-
-I'lr. llnl «llill hi' u'n'. In till' I'lai'i'- hnlv .Mli,-i-' —
what slnnil 1 Im , .-I. ill. Mini .-till lulmi' him. I nt his
lii'Millil'ill lilniiil III ii'i' |iliiiiiim'il ii^hl l.itwiin till I'M, 4.
iml. mIkiIII t\\i'lll\ .-ti'ji- rillllnl. till' In.ll Inn. ,|,,|||
' iiiiil:,'li tlii-i linm Mini im Ini-I.ik"
.\||'. KmIII' ll It Tnlnllln nil M -li'i'l l| Ml.il |i ll^i |'
i'liirimy ill I- ||'iii.^ "iih (Inviiimr Sim|.-i.|i mi
th" '.i|ii III' .M ly. I.^i'i, Im- >: nil Si .Maiir. in mihi'
1. 1 I'lnliirk 111 till' I'l iL:a.|i' i.| laims whnh li.iii hit
I.M'liiin' i-niin' linn' |.ii\ nm-ly (>\viii:.' in lariniis
i|i'l,n-alll liil-.l'Kril'lll'i'-, 111' ihil llnl alli\i. hn\\,.(i.|',
ll Kmt WilliMiii till th" ll ly iili.i' ill" 1 liijailr hail
-t ll'ti'l, Mini llMil I 1 liMTlak" thmii ill ;i llL;hl l.ll ,
«lii.'li 111' llnl 111 Mlimit till li"iil- Tim I i ii|,ii|i' rnin
-i-li' I lit' iliiin caiini-, with <li;lil imii in i .n h, iiinh r
'll il':.'i' nt' a iji'iit l"iii 111 iiMiiii'il I. aim Tim im n wl.n
n-lliliy «n|'k tills IniuMih' nt' rallnrs all hiliil at
I. ii'lilim. ami ale I'alliil " In mjiiii - ili- lanl. ' m- h.-n , n
I- iti'i's, iiimni:.' ihi'niil liiinl- in tlm iiili linr. Sniniln.w
tlmy nil- iiiii.|nal t'l i nrniintriiiiL; tlm iliHh iillirs in
I nh'llt In a \,.\ ['H' Ci'iiii I aihiiii' In tlm inniilli nrihi'
t.'niiiiiili a. ninl lii'i-mim ali I i-ki hinii- \\ tlm tilim
tin'y I'l'ii'll ihi'ir I'i'-liliiln.li, ihlniijh tlm ll li.i m 'ulahln
|iril.ltiiill- ,llrl hll l-hi|i- limy hiM' I Iil',;n
Tin- |ir.i-|i'-- nl th- I llim- 11{I till' IIMI' I-. MSWO
illM'llilnl II, illli'l I npliil I'M I y ll " I l-li\ I'lllt-
.lu'i'-. Till' l''.i I-. mm nl' «iii.|i i- imIIiiI ■ \|..iiiil.'ilii
I'lifl.iu'i'. .Ill' sinl III -il|-|ia-- I'Mli llin-c 111' N, ijua il.
|iii'liil'i-i|iii' lii'aniy. Tir illlimnjli liir inl'iii .r i i \n|iiiim
.'I'lMitir. llmll' hiii,'lii I- imaily iiiii.il. .iinl tlm sri'iinv
Iirri'll|">li wi'
■A liur .sji .1
II' >\<\i- i<\' ii.
ii.iii'ly iIo'-kI
111 ill Hiiliiii;
, .1,. |,. Mv
ill rr. \\:IS ill
i|ll| , -iMr l.i
,1 II. \ ill. I.V
||l\ Ihilnl 111
• llli^ I'illl-
iliiii;^ ; I'lilv
Jul' mI'I'IiI I Ins
« I 111 Miijor
111 Willi IIS.)
ill 111... lit it."
Ir.l I.. <1.|1IC-
ti. liiiii. lli.'it
.:lll il :illlll-i il
1. -Will
V llll'l il' \ .11
I'Ml IIIV llilt.
.M.i.iii il.i~
is jlillil 1.. -.1
no liiii. Miiv-
i.r l,.iU
jl.lll llllll ill.'
«, lli> l.lllll'
il'.U 11^ llilll.
'I'ImiI IMIl-l llr
ii|i :ii;;iiii iiimI
II). thrill..; 11. I-
III- lll.W ll~ 11. I
ii> liiiiiv ^.. 111'
ill ili'iiik. mill
ij'li' ..f iii.."^i'rs
' nil lit. I'liit.
' i,'..r> I'll liini-
Ml.M.' —
llllll. I lit Ilis
II till 1W,<.
1 I..... 1I..I.I
,1 111,. I I. II..'. r
Sill |.-. II i.ii
H'. II. I'TiliT
Il ll.ul l.l't
I.. Miri..iis
M. lii.«i'M'r,
I I i;.';iilr illlil
llL;l.t 1:111. 11',
ii:;:icli' 11.11-
1 :l. ll. Illl.l.r
II' null \vl..i
I. liiii.l lit
I, ■ ..!' I.:..-. 11
K..III1 ll"«
111. nil 11 > ill
ill l.l'lll.l
\ llll' tlllll>
iin.i\.'i.l;il.l>i
MM.
I _..
\. r i~. 1- «(>
II - l.v l'..il-
' M-'uniiiin
I' \, ij 11:1 il,
III M.lllllli'
ill.' -ii'lirl V
"O^iJ/fViiu'^
nil
. i.l.\.\l 1 IM IKI 1^ Ul ■•'U.NUKA.
I 'I
I.
FROM TFIE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC,
371
mimminling tlirni itit'iTiitcly iiinrn wild lunl roiniiiitic.
Ilcri' Mr. I'liii! KitiH' li'll> iis ii talc (if Ijuinir.
"Jiiiii \sl. — \\ r |p.i>*Mil down till- JliMi' ' Mnciiu,'
wliciT tlirrr .\v xiiiif Im Miitil'iil ntpiils auil t'.ills. Ili'iv
wi' It'll ill witli llic lirst liiiliaiiH we liuil iiiit simi'
li'iiviii;; the l..ikr 111' till' 'riiiUlMiinl I.xIiiikIs ; tliry hcit
called ' Siiillli'iiux,' liciiifj a liiiiiuli of llic Ojihcwavs,
wliipsc laliijii i;,'!' llii'V x|"'ak with very >li;,'lit Variatimis.
\Vi> |iiii'i'liasi'd I'kiiii an Indian man and wniniiii scjiim'
ill'icii »liiri;riin. Tlir li'iiiale wiAv a raMdt-skin divss ;
tlicy Wile, as I al'tuiwards learnt, ennsidereil to lie
eannilial.-^, tlio Indian tiTin tor whiidi is " \Vei'iidi>;i),'
(ir 'One wild eats linnian llesli.' Tliero is a Hiiper
stitidiis lielief anion;; indianstliat the Weendi^oeaniiot
1* killed liy anything ^ho|•t of a silver Imllet. I was
inlornieil, on ^^imhI authority, liiat a ease had oi'eiirred
here in whii h a father and daii^htei' had killed and
eaten six of their own family tVoiii alpsoliile want. The '
story went mi to state t li.il tliey then eiieani|ied at some ,
distance olf in the \ii.'inity of an ohl Indian woman, '
who ha|i|iciieii to lie alone, her relations having; ^'oiic
out liiintiii^. Wieiii'; the father and daiii;liter arrive,
iinaieom|ianicd liy any otlier memlier of the fiinily, all
iif whom she knew, slii' lie^'an to silsjieet that sonii'
t'oni play had taken |ilaee, and to teel a|i|irchensive for
lier own salety. I'ly way of |ireiantion, she resolveil
to make the entnincc to her lod;,'e very sli|i|icry, and
as it was winter and the Irost .severe, shi" |«)Ui'ed water
rcpeatiilly over the ground a.t fast as it froze, until it
rta.s covered with a mass ol smooth ice, and instead of
^oing to lied she ri'iiiained sitting up in her lodge
watching willi an a.\e in her hand. When near mill
night she licald step.s advancing cautiously over the
criuking snow, and liiol,iiig lhiiiiii,di the ci-evice.s of the
lodge, caught sight of the girl in the altitude of listen- I
ilig, as if ti> ascertain if the inniales were asleep ; this
the old wdiiian feigned iiy snoring alouil. 'riiewtlconie
soiiml no .sooner reached the ears of the wretched girl.
tliaii she ruslied forward, lint •'lipping on the ice, fell
down at till- entrance of the lod^'e, whereupon the
intended victim sprang upon the niurdere>s and luiriid
the a.\e ill her jiraiiis; then, imt donlitiii" Imt the'
villninoiis fillicr was near at hand, ~he Med with all
speed to a distance to escape his Vengeance In t!ie
meantime the Wieiidigo father, who was impalicntly
wailing fur the e.xpeilcd signal to his horrid repast,
crept lip to the lodge and I'alled to his d in:.diter ;
hearing no reply he went on, and, in pi ice of the dead
liodv of the old woman lit' saw his own (laughter, w hen.
hunger overcoining every other tilling, he s,iv( I his
own lite liy de\ Hilling her I'cmains.
■'The W'eendigiies are Imiked upon with superstitions
dread and horioi hy .ill Indians, and any one known
to have eaten hiim.in llesh is -111111111 il liy all the rest,!
as it is supposed t h.it, h i\ ing once tastcil it, they would |
do .so again had tiny the i.pportiinity. They ale oliliged.
theref e.e, to make their hiih^'es at some distance from
the rest of the Irilie, and the ihildnu are jiartii iilarly
kept out of their way : however, tiny are not molested
or injured in .iny way. Imt seem rather to he pitied tor
the injseiy they must have endured liefme they coidd
lie liioiiudit to this state. I do not think that any
Indians, at le.isl nolle that 1 have ever .seen, would eat
his feilow-creatuie, except under the intliieuce of star-
vation ; imr do I think there is .iny tril f Inili.iiis
on the North .Vniericaii continent to whom the word
•annilials can he propeily applied. '
\Vitli the exception of the rocky passes, I he great river
Kaminislaipioiah is desciihed as meandering thrutighon*
III the liveliest valleys in naiiiie, yet It is only n hunt
ing ground fur Indians. Kiiiiher up is the lirHt of u
.series of lakes, which constitute the most remarknhle
feature of an extensive district, and which may Ixi
designated, after its ci'iitral and largest sheet of water,
the Winipeg District. The water-parting liilwoen
till- triliiitaries to the Winipeg, and those to Lake
Superior, is alternately roiky mid swampy, and lakes
are soon met with, one of the tlrst of which is ilesig-
n.ited as the Lake of u Thoii.sand Islands. Most of
these lakes appciir to lie very shallow, as is tliu cii-e
with Winipeg or '•.Mud " Lake it.self, and the sanio
character of cnuutry extends to Hudson's Hay; tl.o
Indians lieing known as the " .Mas ka-gaw, or Swamp
Indians." |)ucks so alionml in these marshes, that tl.e
Indians shoot as many as forty liy tiring at them in
the water, and rapidly lo,iding and tiring again whilst
the lluck is cinling round. Vast i|iiantities of \vhite
tish — sturgeon, pike, and other lisli — are also taken in
these lakes and rivers, which further alioiiiid in a tish
that emits a strange sound, and somewhat resembles
the Canadian lia.ss.
The two largest lakes lictween Lake Hii)iorior and
Winipeg, are liaiiiy Lake and Lake of tlie Woi ds,
round which dwell the Saiilteiiiix Indians, and tin-
.sieiiery of which Is .said to he very lieautitWl. 'I he
liiver \\ inipeg itself is descrilicd as lieing liroken liy
niiiiieiiiiis rajiiils and falls, .nid as heiiii,' one of the most
pictMiesi|ue rivers met with on the whole route. This
region is, however, at times visited hy a sad scourge.
For full a liiindreil and tifty miles the trees were found
to lie literally stripped of their foliage liy myriads ol
green calerpill.irs, which had, indued, left liutliing but
the hale liranches.
I'esides the Winipeg River, wliicli is <ine of tho
highways to the west, tile lake of the .same name is fed
iiiore to the west liy the Red Hivei, well-known for its
iScotcli .settlement This nosv niimlH'rs three thousaml
inhaliitaiits, livini; as farunrs in great plenty, so far at'
mere food and clothing is i-oiicerned. hut having w.
market nearer than St. I'aiil'.s, cm the Mi.ssi.ssippi river,
a distanct' of nearly seven hundied miles over the
\ airies The half lueeils were more numerous than
the whiles, ami amoiii.ted at the time of Mr. Kane's
visit, to six thonsaiid. They all spoke the ( 'ree lan-
guage iinil the Lower Canadian patois. These half
lireeds are a very liardv race of men, capalih' of endiir
iiig the greatest hard-hips and I'atigiies. hut their Indian
propeiisitus pridnmiiiate, iind. consei|Uently, they make
poor larmei's, neglei ting their land lor till' more exciting
pleasures of the cIimm'. (Ileal liiilliih' hunts take place
twice .i-year. and hence this .settlement liius become the
chief provision depot of the lludson Hay Company,
ami the place wlieiice the main storis of peminican or
piinmikoii (pre.sci\ei| Inill'.ilo's meat) are priH-iired.
There are forts, judges, aid cmiit hniisis. Itoiiiaii Ca-
tholic and I'rolestaiil iliiili his, and. altogether, lioiii a
view given of it by .Mr. U.ine. the .settlcnieiii, which
we have heard so niiidi for and .■ii,Miiist. appears to Imi
tlourishiiig, and tu possess, frmii its open character,
i|iiiti' an old-ci'iintry air iiliiut it.
Mr. I'aul Kane joined one of the huH'alo hunts
from this place. Our artist himself took the atliiir
very coolly. Joining in tho pursuit, lie camt
up with a large hull, which lie had the sati.s-
faction of bringing down at the first tire. " Kxcited
by my success," he goes on to relate, " I thivw
I
«72
ALL ROUND THB WORLD
down my cnp, himI t.iinn|iiiijr oii, muhi put n Imllrt 'I'liat I liml l.st my way wili now coHuin, and »:< it was
thri'iigli iiiinilicr ciMiiihoim aiiimiil. Ilr ilid fhii, Ik.w-
I'M'i', fall. I'lil sl<i|i|>< I Aiu\ t'ai't'il riic. |iiiuiiii,' tln' oartli,
hcllowin:,'. ami u'l'ii'iiii,' >.i\a:.'ilv at nii'. 'I'lii' lilmul wa.s
Ntii';iiiiiii;{ |>ni|'iis('lv liMiii Ills iiiiiiitli, ami I tliiiii;,'lil lie
ttdiilil ^Miiii iliii|i. The |Ki-<iiiipn ill wtiirli lie s|m,.iI was
wp liiii' lliat I rciulil iiip| iisist till' ilisiic' i.l' iinikint; a
.ski'li'li. I it('>'<>i'(lilii:l> <li»iii<iiiiilril, anil lail jlinl nuii-
mriinil, whrii lir .'.upIiIi iilv iiiaiU' a ilasli at iiir. I li.ul
raining' liaiil, i cmilil nut. sri' tln' sun, iM>r liiul I u
riini|<itss. I. liitut'sir, ili'trrniiiiril to lix u|i>>n una
ri'i'lain naii'M', itinl ki'rp lliat ut all lia^taiiln, in lMi|ii'ii
thai I ini;<lit I'l'arli tlii' AMslin'lHiine Itivir, liy t'nlluw in^'
wliirli I riiiilil not tail In ii.k li iiiir Hcttlriiinit. Atlcr
lia\i'!liii;{ in Mill ri't.iHily Im' tin ur tu> l\i' iiiili >. I liail
ut li'ii;;lli till! sjktintai'liiiii III' irarliing tlir iimi,
ami in tun limirs iil'ti'rHaiil.H I arnvnl ^a^l' at t'lut
llMII,
li'a^in:,' my gun ami iMiylliiii;; lUi' lirliiml
I, al'trf till' hunt, irMliiMrs \a.-l ^llalllllll•s.
lianlK liiiii' ti) s|ii-iiif.' nil my linfsi' and i,'il away finiii 'iariy. Tlit' noxt iiiniiiinjj I liaiiuil llial my ^jiiiilr
had lirrii lirniijjht in liy two inrli wlin wrir liKikilij; for
slray Iidi-ms. 'I'hr |iinir frlluw had j;<'t ia|iidly vmii-m-
It was riiMi'i'd with tlir drad and d\in;{ aniiii.iU, i>l' aftrr my having;, and had iiiily pl'iirridt'd a Hlimt
dlsialirit tt lii'ii 111' was ri'iiiprlli'd tii Ktup. Ill' only
siirvivrd tw(i day^i afiir his arri\al."
I'hi' start tiiiiii ihi' Jtnl Itivi r Sittlriiiriit, I'lliiiid
whirh ihi' half liii'i'ds dislriiy at li'ast tliiil v tlmiiivind
aniiiiallv. Till' wuini'ii wi'iv s.-in lai>y oiittiim tlir
(li'sh intii slicrs, and liani'lni; tliiiii in tlir >iiii mi nu ks
to inakt' pi'iiiniii'an. At iiii,dit wolvi's and half-wild on .Mr. Kanr's ntiii'ii from hi.s liiitlalo hunt, \\a- iiiado
do;;s cli>piitid tin' olliil aiiioiiu'st tlii'insilvi-.s.
with all till' .i|>piirli'naiirr.~> of ri\ ilisatioii. 1'wo small
Mr. Kaiii' had had iiioii;.;li of Initial') hiintinj;, as a .sloops ply nunlarly armss Ijiki' Winipi'H, liitwi'tn
liialtir iif liiisinrss, and ili'lrriiiini'd to st.irt liark aloiir
for l'""rt (!arn. lakiiif; w itli liiiii ii sirk ;,'iiiili'. Tiny
ti-.ivillid till' lirsl day's joiiriii'V of tlir :.'<iil mill's with
"tlirir fai'rs ovir llnir ^houldrrs," watiliini; loi- Sioii.x,
who.--i' niiirdrrmis I'ommj; tlii'V rvt'i-y inomii't antiii
pali'd, I'll' fortiinatrly mi't with nothing Imt a grrai
niaiiv stray iloijs and wolvi's, whiili apprand to In' hd
oil liv till' .sri'iit of till' drad r.iri-.isi .s. On thi' third
dav tlii'y an ivi'il at till' pli'iLsant slaj;i'
Ijiki'," nlioiit fourtt'i'ii milfs arros.s.
till' lii'd liiviT and Norway lloii.si'. WliiUt rrii.ssinj;
tlir laki', tiny toinhcd at nil island that wa.s lititally
ro\ I'ifd with ijiills and prliran.s, and tlifjr igfis. I.akr
Winipi'^' is .srparatid floin l'layj,'ri'rn l.aki' liy a
L'lirii plain, whii'li till' ^wamp Indians liripnnt to
play tlii'ir uaiiii' of liall. Tlirsi' Swamp Indians, inliii-
liiiiiii; iLs tliry ill) li vrry M'Vt'i'c ilimati' and a riido
rr;;ion, iiro diniinntivi' in stature, and vrry low in
■Till' Swampy inli'llrrt and mor.dity. .A ir^'iilar romniiinir.ilion is
rill' middli' ill' kipt up lirtwrrii Norway lloii.sc, wliiili is siinntrd I i-
this tlii'V irai lird at siinsi't. Iiiil lii'ii' tin' i^'iii'li' lii'r.init! yolid tin' limit of a;,'ririiltiiral prodnrr. and York
ttor^i'. and tln'V win' i'oiii|M'ilid to halt. "I siir Kai-tory, in llinlson's l!a\.
ri'i'drd, " Siivs .Mr. K.ini', "in liiidin^ a small dry fpot l.«'a\ iiii; Norway Jlonsioii August iMli, lhipart\,
alioM- w.iti'f lari;t' i'nou;{li for mi' to sit upon, but not aftrr I'Xpfri.ririni; a storm on tin' shallow and muddy
laki', fill 1h ihi' mouth of tin' Sa.-kalrhrwaii. i.r Ituw
IiImt, iiii'l iirli has rapid- and iMirtaf-rs at tlii' very
onset: in oihi'i' pluci's, liowrM'r, tlie ri\rr I'Xpands
inlo l.ikrs, and llii' slion s ^ui' tiat and inarshy. J'rn
n'l'diiii; iipwaids, till' lianks liicoinr Imldi r, and wiri'
roMi-i'd priiii'ipally with pini' and poplar, tin- lattt'i'
tit'i's spriiiyin;; lip. it is -aid, w Inri'Mr the fornirr am
iMiriii'd oil. Folt ('ailloii, whiili is Will di'frndrd, on
ai- lilt of the Warlike ihaiaitirof its nl■l^lllloUl> —
the lilaekteet Indians — is liiiilt in ii nioii' open sjiaec,
amid these dense ma.s.se.s ol unlirokin loiest. 'I'he
atloiding room for my lei,'.s, '.vhieli had to remain in
the water, there lieiiii; no more room in the small >aii
than w.is neiessaiy for the .-.iek ni.in. Ilaviii;,' no
me.'ins for eookini;. I was eompelled to eat my drii'l
meat raw. I tried to eompose myself to .sleep, ImiI
foiiml it impossdili', t'roni the n>\ riads of luo-ipiitoes
whieli ap|iiariil dc tern.ined to e\l r.iet the l.ist drop of
Mood from my liody. .Mter liattlinu' »illi tin in nnlil
four o'eloi'k next moriiin<.'. my eyes almost lilinded liy
their slinks. I went in se.ireh of the hor.ses, wliieli had
straved awav to .some distame into deeper water.
templed liy some sort of j^ra.ss i;rowin^ ihert'. I had (,'rees, who are moit- friendly with the whites— nio>t of
to wide up to mv mid'lle in pursuit of them, and it the h.ilt I'f Is lieinjj the eliildreii of ('lie women —
Were al'le to keep
was not until nine o'eloek th.it wi
priH'eed.
w.ir wall iiliieinlllini; perse\eiaint' on tin
lilai'Kti'et .Mr. I'aiil K.im. in reliirn for the ei\ ilitie;
He now proreeded aloiu', leaiiiii.' the puidp, who [ wliieli wire sliowii to him ai the ('oni|iany s station-,
says a word or two in tavoiir of that old and (ili-olete
iiistitiii loll. I ipeniiiu' the trade with the Indians, he
argui's, to all who wish imliseriminutely to enf;a;;e in
it, must lead to their iinniliilation. 'I his would hi
felt lietler . lull In; hid not proi eeded tar In fore he en
ooiiiitered swampy l.ikes that aliouml in this leu'loii, and
render Irimlliiiu' ixlreinely ditlieiill. "I had nodouiii, "
he relati'.s, 'ijoionu wroni; tiiii'k,l'or in eiide,nourin;{ to
ei'oss, my lioi'si" ipiiekly sunk up to his mek in mud t,(iiil\ lie deeply re',;iettis|, if a eirrreet induelion. whii h
and water. •S'liiii' that 1 eould neither advame nor wedeiiv. Has the semi liv ilisatioii of the Indians in
reeeile, I dismoiiiitisl, and found ni\.self in the .same
pridiealiieiit, searcely alile to kieji mv head almve the
siirf.n e. I iiiinaL'eil, however, to reai'li the dry land :
and with the l,i-so or huij; line, wliieli every Voyai.'iiir
in these p.irls imarialily lia.s attaehed to his horse s
lieek, Kueieeded in ;;iltin^; the animal out. 1 re-
nioiinted. and endi avoured to cros.s in another iliree-
tlio Inited Slate-, or tlio New Zealiiiidils, led to tlieii
I'.xtinetioii liy sin. .11 po\, liy aliir-e of ardent xpirit.s, or
liy peiseiiilioii ( ll.is it not, on the eoiitiary, pre
served them from all tlie.se i'\ lis I Could the Indiali.s
lie in II Worse eomiilion than tin y are In re repiesenti d
U) lie, under the p.itioiia'^i' of the llildsoii's Itay Com
pany, in [lerpetiial warfare with one another, whil.st
tioii, liut with no heiter siu'ees.s. I now found mvsilf the t'omp.iliNs aiienls are only aide to hold their own
-111 loiiiided on all sides, as far ji.s I lould see, with liy Wills and pii kits, hy muis, liliindi rlms-es, and euii-
noililij;,' hut swamp. .My hor-e relii.-ed to he ridden | noii ' The liudson's Itay (.'ompaiiy, as fir a.p* civilisa-
.iiiy further. I had, therel'ore, to di-mount, and ilra^ j tioii and improvement of a eouiitry's lesouries iirt
him aloiii; a- In-t I eould. wailinj; up to my Very i loneermd, is the yie.itest sham that ever e.visted.
iiuddli in mild and water alioiinding with re|)tile.s. | I'aitl'aloes iH'gin to ubouud beyuud i''ort Carlton,
' :i
PROM THK ATLANTK; TO THK I'ACIFIC,
■is ClMll-'ll-
liirn-s art
tlic r|i|nr liiiw liivcr. '\'\\r lliiliiiii'' ciitrli tliriii liv
ill'ivilii; lliifii iritii |Miiiiii|-. riiiii|i<>M'il III lii'js, .'iiicl I'M'ii
willli'tillics iif lillllilliii^ IiiiiH''- piliil lip lolljlily. Till.
liMliiillH, wivi Mr. KiiiK', ili'^li'oy iiiiiiiinri'ilili- Inil
liilDfs ill tint iniiiiiiri, ii|i|iiiri'iitl\ lorllii' ini'ii |iIimsiii'i'
111' (111- tllillt{. " I li:lM' IllVirll' -,1 en Ik |>i>llliil,' lir
rcllltfs, "~ii |ii|i'i| llji witll (Inil- ilisiil i;i|i :|>i;s, lliiil
I I'liillij si.ii'i'i'lv iliiiiL;itii' Imivv till' ilK ^>.^ll^l' riiiiM liiVr
riiiit.'iiiii'il llii'iii Nsliilr living' It u Imt iiiiii^iimI In
ijrivi' ill Mil iiiiiiiv, lli;it tliiir ii;,'iiir;.':iti' Imlk linio
ijiiwii till' Imi'I'Ii'In. TIhti' lur tliiiii^iiiiil' III' ilii'iii
iinniiiilly killril in llii^ iiMiiini' ; l>iit n<'' mii- in Iwcnly
Ih ii~ii| in .my uav liy liii> tiiili:ili^. su tliii ilimis mils
HIT li'lt til lilt wIhti- tliiy I'.ill." Till- yi'iMi i|iii'stiiin
llmt |iri'wnts iis.ll' lini- tn tin- rcllfit iiii; mni I is — Is
it |iiissilili' iliat till' ^inir himl. wliirli tii'ij- ~mi li innii
lliiil'.ililr Ih'I'iIs 111' uilil I'li'lli', is iiira|iiili|i' nl iirliii; n^ 'il
fur nlll-'r |ilir|iisc> I for llir li'liriim nf t ilnr rutllr,
mIii'i'Ii. mill Imi'si's, fur rxiini|ilr, if nut fur u;{l'iiMiltiilMl
|iili-siiils ( Arc till' ImiH viilli'Vs uf tlir l'|i|iir mihI
l.iiwi'r lliiw Itivi'i', mill tlir vust jihiiiis niiil MMvk lilir
jiriiirirs, wiili'iril liy llnir triliillarii'H — llir S^i^U.-ililii-
Willi 111' I'liiw l>i\ I'r ili^iriit, us it niiylit lie «i'll i|i>i:;
n itr 1 — K I fur mil liiiii; liiit lis a Imnliiiu' .'riiiiinl tor
(III- liiilixii ml till' ImIi lini'ils f Shall tli<' luri'sls tur
rvrr sliillrr liiMIs, wiilvi's, iin>l iitlicr 111 Vir aiiiiiriU,
wlmso skins till' fur il«'aliin{ imii su i nvi't. a-, liki' ilii'
I'i'rsiaii witr.i|H iif iilil, til I'liti'i'laiii llii'iii as Imnlini,'
|iirk« ami |ii'i'si'rM's ( Amisliall llir (luwn v |irainrs
ill' l.ii- iMr ■.'JMii 11)1 til ihr |irairii' aiiti'|ii|»'s, ilir
iaryir iliiv, llic niniii', ami tlir linlfilu f Mr. I'aiil
Kanr liiiii-irif ilcsirilirs ilic wlinli' uf lliat i'\irnsi\i'
region wliirli lirs lii'twci'ii Kurt I'll I ami Kclinuniuii
llimsi' — II ilislaii if MiiiH' ttvii Iniii'll'i'il iiiilis. aiil
wliirli it tuiik tlii'iii ti'ii ilays tu travel over — as cum'IiiI
'Mill lilllfaliirs.
" We siiw iiiitliiii:,' liiit tlii'.sf uniliials.' lie miys.
"ruvrrinj; tlic plains ii.h lar as tin' ryi' nmlil i' "\\.
'iml so iiiiiiicriiiis NM'i'i' lliry lliit at tinii's tliry in
pi'ili'il iiiir pl'ii:,'irss, lilliii'.^ till' air witli ilnst illniust |.>
Niill'uiatiuii. We killi'l uiii' wliriii'Vi'r we waiili'il a
-iippK' uf fuuil, si'li'i-tiin; ilii'fittrst uf till' I'uws, taking'
iiiily till' tiin','iiis ami Imss ur liniiip fur unr piVM'iil
iiiral. ami nit liunli'iiiin; uiirsi'lvc* iinni'ci'ssarily willi
111 111'. 'I'liiw tlir praitiri' uf t liu « iiitcs is tin- saiiii' as
llmt iiftlir lialf liiri'ils ami uf tln' lii'liaiis, a runsiaiit
waiti' uf till' siipi'iiliiitics uf a liunnii'inis rruvnlinri'.
.\iii| yit is this saiiu' icL;iiiii ih-s.-rilii'il as "a niust
i|i'lii;liifiil riiiinliy. nurrnl ailli luMiriaiit lirrliaL,'!'. 'hi'
pl.iiiis liriiii,' iiiaimlli'il with lluwirs of varimis kiinls,
pr.-.inliii;; iiiuri' llir aaprrt uf a gar'lt'ii lliiii uf iiiuiilti
v.iti'l laml." Ami il>i'\\ lii'ri'. " As I wishcil tu ^iv.' a
ilriic'ial ill' I uf till' liriiily uf till' sri'iiiiy whiih lirs
■ill iiluii;; till' liaiik.s uf the Sa»kati'ln'».iii, fium this
puint tu Kiliiiiintuii, 1 nat iluwii an<l iiiaili' a ski'iili.
till' nst uf till' pirty pruniisin^ tu w.iit fur nic al tin'
ri'i's.ini; plari'. It wan thr rniiiiiiriiri'ini'iit uf liiilim
.siiiiiinrr, till' rvi'iiiiii; was vrrv tiin', ami thri'w thai
pri'iiliar suit warm liazilii'ss over tlir lainlsrapi', wliiili
is siippiiNi'il tu pfucci'il fruiii till' liiirnin;; uf tlir iiii-
mi'iisc praiiirs. Tin' slrcpy liiillalui's nia/.in;; ilpun tlii'
umlilialin^ hills, hrir ami tlirri' nlirvi'il liy ililinps i<t'
Hliiall trri's till' iiiiliriikriistlUiirs^. ainl llii' iipprii.ii'liin<{
fVi'iiini;. rcmlcri'il il allu;^('ilii'r a siTiir •<[' must rmlimi
iiig ri'|Hisi'." What can he inure invilint;, what iiiuic
Arcailiaii fliaii such a piiliiri' ( Ami as tu the capa
hilitics uf the siiil, .Mr. I'aiil Kiinc himself .says uf Furl
I'iti, " ^'niin ami other priKliico iiiinht lie raised ph nti-
873
fully lure if ciiltiviiteil." It is uliviuiis, tin n, thai such
a ri'i;iiiii will, when iiiti'icunimiinicali m is esial.li.Hheil
heiwien t.'aimilii ami lirili-h I '"luiiiliia lii me the
seal uf a ll'iiiri^him^ ciiiiiiiinnil y . u| ciiltiMiliun ami
pasiiiral wealth, ami ul a pruspeiuiis cumiiiercial inter-
I'liiirsu. It is iinpiissilile. iilniu^l, tu u\erratc its
resoiirees ill cirlain puints i,| v h w ; the mere csti-
malliill uf lliclll wiilllil, imleeil. leinl one ilitu till'
ihinni'r uf heiiiu lascil with exim;.'eriitiiiii.
I'hc parly were ileiiiiiieil at Kiliiiulituii, wliiili is
w h il the 1 ' paliy eulisiiler tu In- a liiixe i stalilisliliii lit.
Iieiir,' ill. resilience uf i chief pastui mill del k, wiili
fully ur lil'ly imn, wiih their wives ami . Inlilrcii.
aimiiiiitin,' altiiijether tu al.iiut a hiimlriil ainl thirlv,
wlmall llM' within the pickets ul the furl- until tlie
litli of tt.iiihcr, a rather late nciiuil ul the \e,ir nt
wliicli tu ell'eel the passage uf the Itucky .Muiinl.iin-
'I'lie parly ciiii>isieil, in this fnrllnr piirtiuii ol the
juiniiey, ul .Ml. I.aiic anil his wile, a yuniijj clerk, a
|iersiiii naiiicil .M'( iilli\ lay, iiinl sixlei n nun I lic\
hail wiih thein sixty tive liurses to (iniy the ha^ipine
.mil piiiN isimis. This may seem a lar;;!- niiml er uf
liul-ses fur sii small a party, hut I'Mliiuiituii was the Inst
pust at w liicli they c.nilil j;et ii Mipply of piuvisioiis on the
cist siile uf the iiiunniains At this puint. also, li.iviii^
the Kuiil; (ira^s I'r.iiries with their iniiniin rahle l.nllii-
lues, lii'liiml them, they were (jlini tu vary their piuvi
simis liy iicca.'iumilly shuulin},' wild ;,'ei se. 'I he cuiintrv
was, however, swalnpy ami Wmnleil, anil ihcii piujiiess
eiinsei|iiently slow. Al Kill As-iliel.uinr Im. ealleil
fi'iiin the iieiuhliuiirin^ Imliaii triliei. they ti.uk In ihe
lioats aij.iin, irixclliiii; slowly ii;;tiinNt theciirreni i n
the l-lth il lie;.'.in to snow, ami suun iiflerwaics n e
lie;,'ui tu turm. Ihe liaiiks ul the river were still lliiklv
ii'vereil with pine. liy llic L'llh all the |iinils ami
slill waters will' tru/iii IimhI ciii.iujh tu hear (hi the
uHlll ihey h.nl the lir^t \ iew i.f the sniilillie anil, appa-
leiilly, enillc»s chain of llie limky .Mumtaiiis lii m the
liuat, an.l ihe nnii yrieuil them wiih a Inarly rlieer.
'I'hc aliniisplieic was at the liiiie cliar. Iml very cohl.
On the 1st uf Nuvcnilier the;, inli ml .l.ispii's Lake,
the winil li.'vvlini; ilisniiilly lliruiif^'li a |.;ap IuiimiI hy a
pei'pi'iiiliciilar link nil the uiie siile, iiml a iiiuiinlain on
the iiilier. Alllliiii;{li they were now at the foot ul the
miiiniiaiiis, tl nnlry was still pine i lail. The forest
was cumpusiil ciilircly of very hiyh pine tnis. small in
circiiinfi'ii'm'i', ami i.'i'""'ii^ thickly toi,'etlier ; these
hail .1 'cry ciirioiis apjicarance in the storm, as they
w.ive I III llic winil like a lielil of ),'rain. The imim n.se
luiiij routs seenieil to l.e especially pl'iuiileil I. y ii.it lire
tu prevent their Iniii',' hliiHii liver; anil as the soil
is M'l'y li'.'ht mill upon a lucky fuiimliitiun. llicse roots
luniiiil a net wmk mcr lie sinface, whiih was in
cunslant molioli, ami lockeil the wi.ny \iiya;;eis to
sleep as they lay luiiml their eainp tires
.\t the lit'iiii of tlie lake was .lasper's lloii.se: a station
uf three mi.seralile lui; hiils, with Sume Iniliaii wiewams
aiuiiml. Here, liiiwcMi'. ihey pi'i'i'iireil suiiie niiiiinlitiii
sheep. This pust is only kept up fur the piirpo.se ut
siipplyiiii; liiiiNcs tu pirlies ciussin:; the inunntaiiis
They starteil hence nil the ""til uf Nuvenilicr with a
c.i\.i!c.iile uf tliiiiieii liiaiieil lioise.s, aftt^r layiiij{ in ii
-luck of siiuw shi.c^. I'lieir wav lay now someliines
uM-r iilm.ist iiiaic s-ihli' crags, ami at uthei-s tliruiigii
llluuiny ami taii^'leil furests. Ami as they (Icscenilcd
I the sliuw incieised ill depth, ami they felt the eirects
of the iiicre isiiiLi cold very keenly. Ihe only livini;
I thiiie-. which iliey s.iw weie a few inuiintain goats ( >n
174
ALL ROUND TUB WOliLD.
,'i' '
the 1 1 til tlify wiTo ipl.lijfi'd to tiiko (o tlirir hmowhIhx'*,
iiihl. iiM limiiy will' iicnircH to tliriii, |irM;;i('HH was iit
tinit very piiiiifiil and vtry hIhw. Mr>i. I.iifir, wlm Ii.kI
Im'i'II acciislniiiicl III tlicir iimc truiii liff cliiMli I. ;it
Itl'il liivrT, tunnel Hill nni' of llll' liCft |pnll'>lli;lll^.
Tlii'y Imd 111*) 1(1 ciiniinii cm tlir hiiow, linitiii),' down
till' xrlciti'il H|iiit |iiTviou»ly till il would li.'ur a innii
on till' Kuitiuf willioiil siiiUiiij,'. Tin' tin' was kiiidlril
un lo;;s of yri'i'ii liiiilicr, ami llic Ix'dn wi'i'i; iiiiiilu of
|piiit'-liran''li(«— all al ki' ali' laid on hiiow.
(Jii till' iL'th of Novi'iiiliii' till' |iaiiy ariivid al tin-
^mall Ukr known as lln' ( 'iiiiiiiiiilii''H I'un.liliow 1. tin'
itir* of whiili Mow to till' Allial'aMa and Ihiw KIvit
oil tho (ino sidn, mid to tin' Oo'ni' t'in on tlif oiIht, or
to tile All.inlii' i'a>twaid, and to iIh' rarilir \vi>|waril.
Ili'iii'r is iIm' s|iot ili'sinnatrd lus tlir Hi iylil I'f Land —
the 'I'lialwi'i,', or WatiT- Parting I'll'' ''k'' luini,' li'ozi'ii
oMT lIu'V walkrd iirrosH it, mid slioilly afltr com-
inrlii'i'd till' a.sci'lit of wliat is culli'd llir (iiiindi Colo,
after liavili;; Ihtii st'Vi'ii iIhvh roiiliiiuallj asiriidiiig.
I'niiki' till' ascriit, tlic (li'Sfrlil wds so Hlt'('|i as lo 1.' n
work of jiri'at ililliciilly in miow slioo.s ; lail. on iln-
ollnr liaiid, il only took tliriii a day topi down to
nriirly tlir salni' li vrl as llial ol' .las|i(rV IIoiim'.
A distri'ssiliK I'itvilinslaliri' liad lakrll |ilair lnrr
soiiio Vi-al-s |iri vioiisly. Whilst ii |iai'ly wen aiii'rlidiii^
litis tiioiintain, a lady, wlio was I'lussini} to mci'l Inr
liusliand. Was in tin' pir. and it was iiol ii'iiind nniil
llH«]iarly liad «inatiiiird lliit slii' was not roiin- up.
Mill wi'ic instantly siiit imk ln.mi'k Inr. Aflil s
Iioiirs' scaiili llicy found Inr trai'ks in iln- .-now, wlmli
tlii'y follo'Ai- i until lliry lainr |o :\ |ni pi'inln ill ir n • k,
ovi.rliaiii,'ing 11 rniiniiif^ lorrmt : ln'ii' all tr ros of InT
wi'i-d lo-t, iiinl InT liody was iiovi-r foun 1, liolwith-
slalidiiiL; rvi'iy I'.M'rtioii was niadi' to liinl it l.illlo
d'liilit, IniWi'ViT. w.aild cvisl lait that sin- had l<,sl InT
way, iiiid liail lalh ii omt tin' liriii|ini' into tin' toifiiit,
wliirli would liavn <|tilikly liuiiiid In-r int < iliasius
wli'i'i' till! foot of nii'ii r.uil I not ria' li
'i'lin iii'Xl day thry rrachrd tin- ( '.iliitnliia. wlirro it
v.a:; .ioiiio .si'Vi'iity yards inioss, with a vrrv rapid
."iirrrnl, and tiny had to f.jril llir ri\ 'r no T -s ilnin
loveiitrt'ii tinirs in tlin I'l iirsr of tilt' il ly's joiiriny. Il
was tin- satni" tliinj;, or nithrr won-i'. the imxt dav
Mill' l.'ithi. wlii'li tiny h.id to ilos.- iln- riM r thittv -
si'vuii tinns, and that win'ii' il was ilri|i ami rapid,
and t'liriiinlii'ri'd with tloaliii;.' in'.
'I'liis W11.S ocrasiont'd hy Ihi' Coluinliia at this |Miiiit
making lon^ rriuhis to and Iro throU;,'li ii vallny, which
was ill Hiiiiu parts tliri't' lnili'.s widr, iind l.arkrd wild
stiipi'inloiis inounlains that nand lln-ir sin.wv toiw
ahovi' the clonds, and forinrd hire iiiid tlnii iniiniiisn
jtlft' ii'ps, ri'thctini; tin' ra\s of tlin sun wiih ixliiinn
hrilliaiicy and pi isimiii,' luaiily. The la-l part ufthc
route |:iv Ihroiiyli a .slimy hike or swamp, fn'/eii over,
init Hot -iiirnieiitly so us to hear, .so thai tin A had lo
wade alpove their knees in a ill lisi' mass of siiirw, iee,
hipI mud, there Ipi'iiii,' no Mieli thing us a diy sp't t-i
atford a iiiomeiit's respito fr the .si.areely endiiraUr
■veri'y of tin' i-v I '.,
At let! I," h li'-evrr, they nrrivrd at I'.oat Kiipainp-
liniit, almost peri-liini; with eohl, hiiiii.'er, ami lit i:,'ii.',
Hndlierethiy ol.tiiined Ipo^is Ipy wlinli t.. i tliet the
fiirthiT |inpi.'ress of the joiiiin'y. " Kew.'.s^y- Mr I'.iul
Kane, "who Ipail this jiiii ii.ll, surnpiimh p| hy lin-
CppinforlH of civili-eil lite, will he ahh,' to iniaume tin-
heartfelt hatistaeti.pii with which we e.\iliani.'ed tin-
wi-ari-vptne siiow .shoes fur the I'oniforUble iKiatjfc aiui
'the painful anvnly of li.ilf s.ili»lie'l ap|M'tilis lor M
Well -Ipii'keil lai'li r. 'line It waslhal llie inniinniaipiti
r.ipnU of the I I'liimlija wiie lilled with d.inL,'ei's of no
I't'liiiiry I'harai It'i, iilnl that it I'pppiPliil I lie eons'iint
Ii'M I'l ise of ,ill ipiir iiierm ami --kill lo e>eapt! their
|N'ril.s, lint wc now had health and liii{u spirits to
' help lis \Vi> Ini |ppti).'er II I I III tod I'll ill r.ollns fro^tell
'still' fiiiii w,i<liin{ a<'ros4 lorieiils, hall I <inislied, and
with the e.p|i-i ioii-m.ss i'\er hefore nslh.it, whatpur
Were our hardships and filigiie, rest w.is sure i|e..|iiie
lii'ii ill ihe eol'l Holilinles of lliose dreary iiioiinlaiiis. "
'i'lnre were I -IHI miles of river helweell the point
while lliey iipok Upat and Koit Vaneoiiver, whiiji, in
>;iile of many dillieiillie.s and halts to lest (one of llireit
'l.ivs lit Fort Colville, and of live davs al Walla
Wallal, ihey neeoin'iplished in tifleeti ila\s, in Iwo
: Ipoals, foi I eaiiot* l,i-lii<>ii, with naiml Ixitloins of
hoanls, I'linker hiiili. 'I'liu rapnis of the (!o|iimlp|;i ure
iniiiiineralple and daiip'riiiis. .A IpppiiI three lupiirs after
their ileparluie, tiny sli"l tin eelelir I il ripiil " N'alle
ih .Moll ;" It is alaiiit tlnei! miles loin;, and is the most
daliijeious of all. 'rinre are leiliMe stories lohl of
tln.se rapids ; il olilained its name from the following
1 a'ilnl eireiinisl.iine.
BEAR.
.\li lit tw.iiiy live iir tliirly years ai;o, an Iroipiipis,
a h.ilf I'll 111, ami H Frein h ( 'aii,iiliali, liming iliaii.'e of
a lioal, li.id t'pphsc'eml this fearful i.ipid Fearful of
running ii,lhe\ ntlived n long line to the lioat ; and,
l»'iiig tliem.-ei\i s on the shore, llnv atleiiipted to lower
hi irradiially, l»y iiie.ins of it, oxer the foaming tor-
I'v^'lit Thi' liipat topik I ulie.iiii ami ran oiilviije ipf ii
rK-!c, unil nil tin ir elj.its In gel Inr i'aek, or reaill
ill I'l'ek til' IIP-. I\ 'hii'U;.'li the Ip.riling singe, were
linaTailini;. The rope, ehaling < i\ ihe sharp edge Ot
the 111. k. soon |pr..lie, ^iml she i|,i-ln d down ;iiinp|,^r ihti
whiiliug eddies and hloke to piip e,, with their w Inihi
sti'i k of piiivisioiis on hoard.
Tiny lint ntiliiii'<l to follow mi foof, alung till-
rugiri'd end ilitlii lilt hanks of the river, wilhonl food,
L.'iins, ami ammnnilion : nor had they hei ii ahle U
-ive even a hlankel to pripteet them from the imle-
iipeiit we;iiher. .V I iiii,'lit they etie.unped in a hliivcr-
in:: 'iinl famishing e.n.litippii, not having heeii aide to
siirnio-inl m.piv th.in three mile, of the uh-iiii Irs that
filiNtrili'led their p.issi^'e al eveiy slipalirii;,' the lialik :
the ne\t di\ they pi.Mieihd with no heller NiU'CUHa.
'Ihey well knew that if they const iiieted a raft, it
Would Hot live au hour in this part of the C'ulumbia
JfUOM lllK ATLANTIC TO THK I'A«'IKI0.
,176
lies I'll' »
lilllli'llHilO
If. ivt 111' 11"
I,, civli-'lllll
>i;l|H! llll'ir
1 KpiriiH to
,l|,r.slro/rli
ll. wlllll>'M'l"
HIT ili'slnir
(iMiilaiii--. '
I till' |i.iilit
:■, wliiili. ill
(ciiirol llilin
s 111 SV ill 111
,\y, ill l«"
I 'iMitliiiiiH of
'nlmillM:l II'''
) lliilll''* lll't'''"
■,,|,i.l •' V.ill.'
1 IH till' nin^t
Mli.H I..M of
ill,. t.lll"«i"g
11^ c ll.lllil' of
l-".;lltul <ll'
,. li.iiit ; iiikI,
,ti.l t.i lower
l.iMiiiiii),' l"!'-
i,ill>i,lr I'l" 'I
„U. "f r.'ii.li
r >UI^'', WI'l'O
'!..,l|l «'Ik>' o'
« 11 IlllliillJ,' lll«
1 1 tlll-il « il"l"
■,H.t, iiluiii; tilt
wil limit fii'iil,
lirdi alili- U
rmii till- iiii'lo-
1,1 ill ii hliiver-
ir 111 Til iililf to
,• .,li>iii<li« lliiit
Imiil; til.' Iwiik;
iMiti-r MU'i'uss.
cti-il ii ril't, it
it' tlio Columbi»
Hivrr, owinij to tlin ((iiirk Hiicri'SHinn uf rnpiilK tlml ii Irip in lu'^ tlir iiiiiiiiiliiiiii I'lir ii Iiihhvi ui rxriirHioii,
lull' liiMi't till' ii:i\ ii;iii lull : In lln^t slarviiii; i'iiiiiIiiJmii ImiI iIk'v Ikh'i' nil I Imii' l.iliiniin ainl liiiiil-lii|i< iIm ii'l'iilly,
tlii'V riiiitliiiiril till Ir oli.w |ii'i.;,'rrs.s ii|| ilic i|iii,| ilny. |M'i'li'i't ly liii|>|<) ill li('l|iiiijj( I'm ll iitlur ami lioiii',' kliiil
ulii'li till' ll ill' III! I'll, Inililiu liJK riiiii|ialiioiis uuiilil kill In llii 11' i>i|ii|iaiiiiilirt.
Iiiiii fill' llll'ir liiiiil, li'l't tlii'iii, mill u.ui iicvrr iitiri' ■' Wr li.nl tu<> ur ilinT nlli, r uniiiiii willi ii^ ainl I
liriil'il of, I'lllili;,', ill all |ii'i>lialiillty, ll pri'V to tlio lia'l iii\ il iil|.'lili'l, iiluiilt liii _Miil'< nM, ulii'lii I wis
wolvcH. Till' lillii'i' two lay iliiwh, ami tlir liiii|iii'i«. lakiiiii limin' l,i my m ilr at Fort Vain oiivrr. 1 liml li It
uili'liiii).' Ills o|i|ii>itiiiiily, ^'iit ii|i lit night ami ln'.il Iht tun or lliiii' Mais lirliiii' nii llii' ui"<l xiili' ol ilii,
III- riiiii|iaiiioii's lii'aiiis mil uilli u Ntirk ; anil, ;.'oiiii; nioiiniaiii. u itli miiih' ii|' In r I'll itioii", at I was iiiiaMi-
to wnrk in a imllioiliial iiianin'i'. attrr lirst Mitir-tyin;; lo iirlii'.' In i nvir at llir titm' I liml coini' \Nit|i uiY
il-i 1 riiviti',' limii;.'i' «illi a |im limi of till' lii„|y, 1 lit tin' will'. W'v liail iil-n a \miii;.' mail of tin' iiiilni' nt
I'Ciiiaimlt'r into thill Nlins amiiliiril tlirlii in tlir '<iin. M'l iilllMay, hrlmi^in;.' I', I In I '"iii|iaiiy. w itii a Miiall
al'ti'r llir niiinni'r iiiwliirli liiiHiilo mi'iit is |iri'|iari'il. i\«n ; iho ri'inaiihl, r \m it |ii'iiii'i{i.illy r i/mi' nrs
lli'li' hi' li'iiiiiiiHii tlii'i'i' ilavs, iliyiii),' his niral, «liirh \\ hi'ii I raiiii' liitlnlnail nj' llir i,i|iiiU I t'i'iiml I li.ii
hi' iiiaili' iiilo Ik |ia> k.aml ronliniii'd his juiii nry with il tlir otlnr lioat wliiili riiilaiiii'il ihr |iriii('i|iiil u'niili' li^nl
•loun thii rivrr hank until hf innn' in ihr riiinmi'iiii' jiasstil mi, ami I thon^^ht. lliiiilori', thai lln iii|>ii|-
liii'iil. ol' till' ii|i|irr lakr. lli'iT Im niaili' ii raft, nn wrii- in a |ii'ii|iri' -laii' Im niiiiiiiii; tin iii, th, i i~, ilu,i
wliiili 111' |ilairil his ilriril iiirat ami rnviiiil il nvcr tin' w liiil|iiMil> wnr llnwiii^ niil ainl m,l lillii •_', ulmli
u illi |iin<' li.irk, Ni'iitiiii{ liiiiisi'll ii|imi il ami |iii|i|liii;^ liny il,> iilhi nalily. I. ilnnliii'. \m ni "ii uiilmi;!
ilowii tin' lakr >tM|i|iiii',', iilnl, vslnii in tin' iniilsl of ihr iji|,i(U. « In ir
III- 111, I not |ii',iri'i'i|i'il vi'iy f.ir, hrfiiri' In' lint ii tlnri' « is im |iiisMliilily mI h'ayiii;.' lln i|i.«iiwa|,l
lalior, which hail hri'ii Miit iVmii mii' nl' tin' lials l» luw rmiisi' ,,1 tin' lioat. I ilisrnvriiil In my ili-niji> lliat ihr
I'll till' .'^jioki 11 llivrr in ijiirst nf ihi'iii, nwiii^' tn tlnir wliirl|inn| was lilliii!{. ( hii' iiiniiiriit iiini'i'. ami tin-
Imii; aliMrm I'. lln' iirw I'miiiTs iniiiniliatrly im|iiiir,l watir rni l,',| lAir llir siilrs nl tin' Imal, imnnilialrlv
uliat hail 1 mill' nt'his two i'niii|iaiiiniis ( llr i'i'|,li,',| lillim.' Inr. 1 lalliil out tnlall lo sit still, ami ln>li| mi
tint llii'V hail lii'si'ili'il him, ;;ivinn, at tin' saimli , ctr.nlily hy lln' si'ats, iis tin' Imnl wmihl ml sink
an anniint nf lln' |,is.s nf I hi' linKt. Thi'V tnnk him nn I'lilii'riy , nwiii'.; In tin' natilli' of tlii' raifxo. ami that I
imai'il thi'ir raimi', ami mienf tin- iiirn, si't'ini,' tin' liaik rniihl j,'iiii|i' Inr tn shmi' in this slnti'. \\ f ran innii'
on till' raft, was ili'sii'niis I t ^I'liiiii; it In |ilai'r iiinh'r than a iiiih' in safrty. winii tin' hnat ran i\ii>r hv a
him in the raiini'. Thi' lln,|ii,,is slmviil ntf tin' raft. Ii'<li,'i' nf incks. Tlir li,>laliisl, who Inlil his will' in
with rviili'iit siKiis nf I'nijfiisimi, nil H liii'li til,' nii'ii. w lin his arms, mtIii!.' tlir Imal aijimarh mi mar llir
iintircil his I'liiliarras.siin'iils, |iai|illril ii|> In it, ami, I'n'ks, iii.nli' a sinhlin sjniii;.' tir llir slim, : lnil llir
lifliiii; thr hark, iliscnvi'iiil lln- ilrinl nnat hi'inalh it. Ii,>il. liili,! with ualir. Mrhinl In llir ilmiMi wiIliIiI nl
aiiimi); w hi' ll was a hiliiiaii fmt. Ili' was aski'l li'W hiiiisilf ami wifr. ami thry .s.,nk rlasjii'il in lach
111- hail nlilaimil tin' ilrii'il iiii'at, ami iT|iliiil that he ntlnr's uriiis. Tin' Imat was sinlih nly tiirin il ioni|i|rlily
hail killi'il II wiilf, sw iiiiiiiiii^' ari'nss tin' river, Imttmn ii|iwarils ; Init I ninl aimllirr ii an Mnireiliil in
The font with III!' meal was slyly ili'|insiie I in a hai,' Liiiiiii',' In the lii|i i,f Inr. iiinl wiie thus eariiiil i|n»n
iM'loliginjJ tn one nf the liii'li. hiil Imt willimit the net s.ifi ly. We tlioili;hl we Inaiil smni' imi-e iii^iile llie
heiiig pereeiveil iiy the iiiiinlerer, who, whilst they li,,.il. ami the man wlinwas Willi me. I,, iiii' a ;;, ml
were itslee), iliiriiii,' the ni^ilit, threw the ha:; ami its swiiiinier diveil iimier. ami xnnii. In iii\ iiiir\|ii i teil jny,
e,inteiils iiitn the river. A|i|iearini{ imt In imtiie their a|i|H'irei| with my lillle iliiii;.'hti r, w Im. aliim^t mirarii
jii.'vs tlii'v went tn Knri, S|Mikeii ami ileliverei him ii|i ! Imisly. hail Im'iii |,i,-, imiI l.y hiiii;; jamnieil in aiiinii;,'sl
to .Mr. .M'Miillali, the iier.iiill ill eliar^e. ili'lailiii<{ the th,' liii,'u'a'.^i', .iml -ii|,|k,i teil ly a small i|iiaiilii\ nf air
jiartiiiilars. The Imliaii was slmrtly afterwanls sent whih h.-el l,e, n im^^lii l,\ ij,, I ,,iit wlniishe liinnil
to » ilislaiil |inst ill N,-w ( '.ileilnnia, hntli as a |iiinisli iner. We m„,ii ;.,.! a.^hnle. .M'(;illi\ia\ ami I, air
iiieiit ami tn j^et rill of liini. lus no I'vi/dyci/r will wil ntlnrs savinl ihem-elMs hy sw iinniiiii.', tin n inaii iiil;
linnlv assni'iati; with any mn' known tn have eaten fmirteeii were ilrnw mil. W e iiniia ilialely inmnn iinil
liiini 111 tli'sli. i hail |irevioiislv (.s.iys .Mr I'aiil Kane) .si'.iriliiii({ for the Imiiiis. .iinl .s,,i.n lernMi.il all nl
travelleil .s.'Veral limnlreils nf miles wilh the s.ni nitlie them, the iinforliiii.ite Imlaiii.st ami his wife ^liil Imkeil
very liiali, whn always hehaveil well, all Imnuli lliere in eaeh other'ij arms— an iliihra, e w liieli we hail ln,t
certainly was sniiielliiiij; re|nilsm' in his a|,|ie ii.inee. the hearts tn iiiiila.-|,. hut liiiiiil thiiii as we fniiml
w llii ll wniiM !ia\e iiiaile iiie ilishke In have hail liiiii llniii in mie nmvi-. We alteiwaiil.s liiiimi .M ( ,illivra\'s
for H cniii|iiiiinii in ii .sitiiatinii siieli as ahnve ile- little ilni;. tlimwn ii|> ileail mi a .sainlhaiik. with his
mr
rihe.|.
The sti-ersnian of the eaiioe that earrieii y\i: Pa
ilv 1,1'lwei n Ills ll I ll
master's eaji li.Mil lira
Km I < 'nliiiiihia. wliiili thev ri
ll nil the -lltli. i.s
ill' alinVK
nut a III
Kiiie tnlil him nf anntlier melamhnly neenrenie llial il,'s,iilieil as heanlifiilly silnaliil. al
h III ha|i|ieiiei| there. " .\ li.iiit fniir years ai,'n." siiil he, llie Kails ,,f the Chauilieie. i,r Kellle Kall.s. whieli
I
Wl
lell we ;;,
ll the llneky Mmintaiiis with
>t In I'nit Hiieamiiiiielil,
Iwii iMials ; the mie tint I wis sleerilii' h.nl Iwelitv Im
irty ,,f forty, exeeeils in heiiiht any ntlnr in ('nlnmlia. ami ile
iharkiil in rives its ii.inie frnni tin' rmiml Imlis tlmt the water has
■i| oilt ill the rneks, ITsi lllhiill!.' il.lllilriilis lit
tv.i nil
iMiaril. .\
le interinr Inr ll
niniii;st them was a
irpnse of Iml
relltll
man sent varmiis size-
line Ihi
It ,'iml ^ll•|it I'm- tlin
illli'lll l-i'si
'anil il.ivs tniiether. ami im|,rnveil aslniiisliiiij;ly in a|'|ii
into tl
On lii.s WaV tn S iskaleln'Aiin. he hail fallen in with a On the •JItli, liny niaile the (Iiainl l;a|,iii.
.'. lialf-hreeil. will) was tr.i veiling In emss i h,, mniintaiiis " Here, " says mir Iriveller, " I |iii fi rreil e, i iiiii;nnt to
iml ff
1 L'O tn I'nh
imhi I nil a visit In s,,nie nf iier frieiiils. w.ilk. with the nlijert nl making'
I'll' lies, aiiu
'I'hey hail nnt travelleil tar hefnre a niiitii.il alt.uliinent h.nl |,rneee,|ii| marly thr, ,- mile- alniii; the slinre. iiini
ilili'i'il them tn heenine man ami wile, at Kilmmitmi. tilt .sunn
w liat a.slniiislie'1 at not se"iii!
; the lioats fi
lliougli few coujili'S in the w<irld I think would chouso | ing, when 1 nliMirvcd nuuielhiiig in the w.iter, which 1
w^
i- '
'■
' w
m
I! i'nl
I I
finr' !
lij
.17«
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
at IliNt I>im1< til 111' llio lii':i.l .it" .III Iii'Ij^iii. swiiiiltiini;
;iii-ci^-i. I ,i.<-.ir.liiiul,v |irf|MiT 1 iiiv i,'iiii. in n.--' nt' .in
Mii.i.'k. Ill . ' '■ I ii.li;iii> :i'i.iiil 111 iv arc fiiiisiiliMi'il nmiii'
lit tllC WIlINt 1111 till' ( '.llllllllli.l. t 'll cllisi' i.llsl'lA ;il i.ill,
liimi'Vi'r, I III. I'll' nut tl Iii.it ti> I"' till' liiiii.i wliii ll
I lia.l iiiitiri'l .Mr.'i l/i n- 'tnwi'ul' in tlic iii.ii'iiiii:; : iiinl
Minn :ll'li|-.\:iri|s I jii'l. ri\.'.l till' [Kill. Ill's mill u.ii'H utnlli'
111' till' ii.iil^. I Ii'tliriii' I ti> till' KlliiiU n't list IIS |i.i-i
silili'. Tii.ii' 1 siiw line "I' ill'- lii.M .. ill Vilii.li Mr. .m.l
.\ll's. Ijiiii' «irr. in .1 I'l.i^t .1 iii„'rr..iis silii.lti .n. Il.iviin;
..-Inii'k ill till' iiiiilst III till' )!.i|iiils iijiiui n rui'k, uiiiili
liail .stilVi' ill llri' hi.lr
I'iu ! ' ili'iutiiil i." liitt' I'liiitfaot. ll iiitii :i |i:i,s.-.:iu'i' nt"
i.iii' liiihili".! an. I lil'ty \ li-il.s liv Intty fm'ks mi ritliiT
M.ir, tliriiii:;li wliirliit riislii's willrii-i'iiii'liiiiiiiM viol.'iiri'.
I'.niiini.' « ll ill I I'M lis in its ]ias<.'t'.ji' i'i|iaiili' nt'i'iiitiiliiliin,'
;lii- lar.,'i'-( t'.iii'st Iri'i's, wliirli uri' atli'i'wai'ils ili>^.ii-i;i',|
Willi ;;ii:it l'..i'ir. I'liis is niic of tlii' til. -.t il.in:.'i'i<iiis
)ila.rs tliilt till' Ih'iIs liaM' to |i.l.ss, 1 1, :.'.iiii;,' ii|i tin-
"ivcr till' li.i.iis arc all ciii|itici|, ainl llic ln'i'jlit Ins tn
lie I'ariicil aliiiiit halt' a iiiilc mcr tlic |ii|is nt' tlio liii;li
ami nii.'i;.i| i.K'ks In r.iiiiiin,' ilnw ii. all rciuiiii in tlic
liuiils ainl ilic liiiiili's, in tins per '.uis p i.ss. liisplav llic
L,'rcat.'~l rniiia'^c aM'l pn- 'icc il" iiiin.l, at iii.innnt-.
vvliiii till' s., ;liii-..>t iri. r in . .ina^'in:; the I'lail ! iik
W'i'il'l linil it-, ii.i-'ipants t.i • ci nil lii-li ii.ii.ni. i >ii
iiriiviii:; at llic licnl <•( tliu i! i|...|s, tlic liniili- i,'cts .int
"11 the I'lcks ami surveys die wliii Ipo.iU. If tlicy .iic
lillci in^' in, ir •' iiiikiiii.'. ' as tlcy term il, the ineii
re^t nil tl'.eir pel. lies until they c iininciiee tlir.irtiii:;
"tr, when tiic tjiiiilcs iii.t I'ltly ii e'nl.iik, an. I slin\c nil'
llie liiitit. ami -hn.it thinau'li ihi- .li.c! imrl.il with the
k|M'c.| nt' li:;hlni!n,'. Siilllil inns the Imats are wl. lleij
miiinl ill the V'lrti'X >,itli sii. Ii awl'iil rapi.litv that, it
leii. Ill's the inaiiaijcini'iil i...j i~-ilile, ami the li.'.it ami
il« h.ipless eiew arc stt illnMil up in the iliy-s.
The '-.ii:.!!!' I i.r the men ill tills iii-Liiec cvitiecil
meat pri'-.ii. e 111' iiiiml. The instant tlielmit ■>tini'k
llie\ hill "pniin; nil till' j.'\iii\v.ile mxi Mn' i-.iik, an i \>y
their ilailiil we;j;lit !;■ pt In-r Iviii'.; ilp.Hi i' Th.'
water Inai 1 itml l;'.,ei| amiiiiil tliem »iili learl'iil
vii.lenee. Ha. I .slie xlippcl nil', they must ail ll.iVe lic-li
iliusll i| tn pieces all|nlii,'st t lie rn.'ks llllil lapi'ln liel.iu ;
as it w.is, they iiiaii:ii,'ei| i iiiiintaiti their p'i-!li..ii
illitii t'.'i-resv 111" the iijlicr '"ut. wliieli ha. I run lie'
rapi.N sil.K'. Iiail iiiilnnleil an. I ilr.i^i^i.l the I'liipiv
li.iat lip the rapi'ls a^'t)!!. 1'hiy tiieil Ml. .e.'liil in
Ihrnw in; a hue tn their li.tpliss e aup inimi^. I!;t
there w, IS still cnlisiileralllc lllll'^er, lesl in hlilllll',' the
ciiip'.y linit Inwanls thi'iii they iniijlit pull llieiiiMl\i>
nil ihe 111. k They at lell.'tll, hnttcMT, S'.l.iee.h il In
cull. HIS lll.llia',;ell|ellt ill ^ t:in;.' the li.iil a|,ili;;i<i.|e,
iiml ill I'liiliii )• III'./ ill sai'lv A iiiniiieiit .il'tenv irili
thiirnnii li.i.it sliiijH'il I'l.iin the nek, ami v>as ihLshcil
tn pie. 1 - Km'I'* tiiiiiKlh ll Ijnateil t lii'V pi lieij Up alter
Kaiils, Imt .still iii.iny ii^e|i|| iirli.le^ were In-t.
Atlnther lin.it «.is lent t'nr nv i rl.iinl In ( '.i|\ ille, aiel
then tlii's pr.iciM'ii.il. iiiriv'iiuat < •k.ina'.iaii mi t he :.'.Mli
n|" .N"ii\eliiher, haVMi;;, lii.rti'M'i-. ill the interiiii. Iieeii
ciiiiilH'ili i| lii>lini't line of the l|.ir-i"« iil" the c^t.ilili^h-
liicnt wliiili wa.t f.ia-teil. ami I'.iini I \erv pal.italil, ; the
tllill ate .•11 llli|el< nt' il. lh.lt .-.ilm' '.1 tlli'lll tti I'' illl.llile
tn w.'rk the next day alter
Alter live nr i«i.x ilays" le-t at Walla W'.iUa ml' which
plai e liinri licrcarii-r.. they a' iniiipii-ln .1 t he ile^.eiit in
fifteen .|ii\., riiiv i. Ill t'l kill 11 liiir-i' mi the w.i>
pr.iviMiiiK havin:; run Icit ; an. I winter lieiicj tin-
niiny wiuwn on the Ijowir CuluiiihiH, they hu<l in p«r-
f.inii the last Cniir lays of tlieir joitrnf>y in npeii I11111I.1
an. I all imcs.sant slinner.
l-'i'lt N'aiienuvcr was at that time the lari;csi pnst
ill the IIihIsiii-'m li.iy I'ninpany.s ilmiiininns Tlieie
wer.- Iw.i eaicf fail.ir>. with ci^lit ..r ten clerk-, ami
trt.i hiinilre.l ;'ii</r;(/.-/(r.v, rc-iilin;; there. 'I'hc iii"ii.
Willi their Imliiii wives, IIm'iI in In^ huts near the
miru'iu iif the ;..i-r— at that pninl, ninety iiiilcH frmii
i'/S ni.iiith, a !iiile ami 11 'piaitcr wnlc fnimi, ;; a little
vill.i',;o ; ipiitcil I'lliel iif laiieil:i;;e», 11.S the iiilial il.ilits
were a mixtiii f l')iu,'lisli, {''rench, Irnipmis, Saml-
wii'li Ll.iiiilers, t 'ice.'!, ami t'hinnnk.s. A lari,c lariii
wa.s cii!li\.ile>l aimiit cii;ht miles up the riit'i', prn-
iliieini; iiinrc ^lain than tlic p-nplc at the fort ciiiilii
cniisuiuc. Tlii'v h.cl also il :iiiciise licrils nf linmcstic
h'lriieil cattle, which |-.tii wihl in iiiikiinn-ii inimlicrs j
am! 'Iicep ami lim-ses were cipially iiiimcrniis.
.Mr I'aiil Kane usilcil, I'min llii> |ilacc, t irei;iiii ( 'ily,
ii.s it is c.ille I. allicit niily cititaiiiiiii.! iilunit ninety t'.iiir
h.iiiscs. with Iwn nr tliic" hiimlrcil iiihaliitants, 11
Meth.iili>t aii.l a l< .111 I'.ithnlic ciiiircli, tun hntcls,
till Liri^l iiiiiU. till -iM i;iills, ami li.iir .stnrcs, a.s aUn
the liiiniui t'atli.ilie Mission nil the rivi'r NValhatiielhc,
where llii-rc is a ^.mil leiek 1 hiireh. iiiiii an i-st.tl.|isli-
liicni nf r-liijiiiS'H ein.'a;;ei| in teaihinu' ihiiilicii. Iinlli
while ami rcil, .'tmi the .lesiiit liiis.Himi nil the -^aliic
|-i\er, Imtli lietii;; sitiiatcil i<i a l-eaiilitiil piaii le niic
'>( the lal'l^'est tl.l.'ts nf iriiiiil laid that Is. imircil. 111 lill
met with ill t>rei,'.iii.
In ileseriluili; the t hinnnks, a race (if Imllalis nl'
ilis^ii-lin;{ li.iliils. Mr. I'aiil Kam- imiileiitally iiitrn-
iluces tn niir lint lee a In w ami \aliiali|i Vc;,'i liiMc.
lie lirit imiitiiiiis their liaskcis imnle i.l tnni.> ami
;,'l I--, Wnvi-ll Nil cln^cly, as in sel \ e all the pill pn-i s nf
a pill ill h.il.liiii; iin.l e.irr\ iiiL' watii. In l|.e-.i' llcy
■ •M'li li.iil tlii'ir li^li I hi- i-. ilmie hy innnei-ini: the
li~h III line III the liiskct'. )ilh il with water, intn wliii h
llic\ thi'iiw rcl 111.', siniies, iinlil the li-h l~ ci.nkiil:
which IS tlniie IS ipiii kl\ .IS in a k. Ille 'I'hc niily
M'^i-l.ilile« in Use aiiinii^ .hiiii .iic ihe laliias ami
w.lppalnii. The c.-inuL-i is a liiilliniis ini.t. iiincii ll'-
Miii'lin^ the I iiimi III niitwaril appearance. Imt is iii..rti
like the potatiie -.< iieii kcil, illel Is \ii\ \i I laliiit;.
Thi> w.ippit'i.i issnimwhat Hiliiil.il. Iii.t l.iii^ii ami n.it
SI > dry nr delicalc in its liaxniir. Tiny ine f..nie| in
iniiii. ii-'C ipi.ii >itii 1 ill the pl.iins in the \ i. imty
I''.. I! \a.i...Hel. ill the splllll>|.f the M-ar, plc>.n|H
a lii'ist cilii.e,- and li'.i.it iliil iip|Kal>ni'e. the uhnle
III lace p|-e«ciil!ti:{ an niiinlciriiptcl sheet nf liii^iht
iilli t'lliarilic liliie. I1..111 the iiiii'lliiiiaMc lilnssmii . nf
lie -e pi. lilts. They me ennked In dl;.",illiy .1 Inilc in
li.e i.'r.iiiiil tlii'ii piiltini; dnwii a liiM-r id Imt slnms,
i.iM-iiii'.; til. -Ill with iliA urii-'S, iiii which the runts me
pi, 111. I. iin.ither Imr nf fflass is tlieli pi. mil (i\ir
tliein, and ali.i\e this iheN plai-i> iiiintlicr, llii-iiiii;li
«lilill and till' uT-i-s a sll-.ill llnlc is pell'i. rated dnw 11
I.l ihc \ei,'i-t.lli|e> Wall 1 IS pi. Ill-Ill ilitn tin- linle.
aii'l reaching the lint slniies, rnriiis siillii ii-nl stciiii In
Clink the .niils i i illipli tely ill ll hh.irl tlllle. llic llule
l.eilli: sliippi i| lip as snnii » s the W.lliT is | lid in,
III (lie;r,,n ( 'ii\ Ml- I'liiil Kane inel Mr .Mai keii/.ie,
a llinlsnns Hay laetm, and the I'liliimliia tr.neller
Ik", line, |ic|-|"ii|-ci'. and le.' wilhniit I'liinvim lit, ik
li-teiier tn '.iiiie nf Ins tali- nf lii'iinii life and Ills nw n
evplnitit.
W lull' ill' was 'll cliari,'e nf a I'nrt in New I 'iiledniiia,
and New Itiiti-h ( 'iiluml...i, in hid u earil n! tnlii 1.
nr li.'co iuuiuIh, slnlt'ii I'ruiii hiui. it wits itii lliul ho
wa^^Vi^appv^UJUAJ'ULAAAJL^UU^UiaZSa:
p ^.T^pr- ^»i^ rr fT r rff n fff
PROM THR ATT.ANTIC TO THE I'ACIFia
37"
ms. 'I'lii'ii'
vliik-, ami
'I'lif ii<"li,
ts lir;ir till'
• lllilrS tViiln
III. ^ :i hlllr
iillllli <l:llll~
lUMlM, S;Mli|-
IjilV tiillil
riirf, |irii-
!• tort r..llli|
ot i|i>lllr>lic
II immln'i-s ;
Ilrjjnll City,
liihi'tv I'.iiii'
iul>lt:|lit>. Ik
t«o lliillls,
(irt'S. iiH ;ilst)
Vallmiii''lln',
III r>t.il.li>ll-
lililnli, t...||i
'II (111' '•iiliir
|il-,iiili' ■•III?
Iltii I'll, to tie
IimIiiiIis oI"
lltllllv illtio
I Vr^Ii llll'll".
i|' loiil.-; Kill)
■ iiiirpo^fH *>f
. tlii--l' tlh'V
iliirl>ilii: til''
, into vvliiili
1- I kill ;
I'l Iv
iiiMi.i- Mini
t, lull' II ri'
lilll i^ III"!'!'
|u' I 1 .111111;
-.1 mill iioi,
ir I'oUK'l III
lilt V,
:ir. I'li-i Ills
till- «l,ol,.
It o! I.iuhl
|..-„,|||. of
> lioli' ill
iiot >|oll..S.
' I I.< nil'
I.O'.I OMI'
Jr. llii.'ii'^li
|l:iliii ilouii
llil> lioir.
It l<ti:illl t"
l.\l:ii iMll/.il',
ll llM.lllll'
>\ 111' III, II
.1 III
|t ll.'.lo.'IWi.
I..I1 l''i-.l,
i tliul ho
liml lit tliis tiiiir, iitiil of ("oviriio was » si Hmis lo-w, .low n like n r;i|i, Tills Oinpr it frt.'iiiuil f.ir iilioiil .m
Sli|i|iisiii;; it to ll ivi' liii'li tiikrn liv soiin' of llii' liouv .iml a hall', .11. 'I I'nii i;iai|ii;ill\ iliMii'l'i'iin il
liiiliii..,, will- w'-rr tiailiiii; in l:ii-L;r iiiiiiiluii 11I..11 : ilu' .Miiiost tlinr M.ii^ l.it'..ii' this, tln' iiioiiiitaiii w.i> in
'•.stahJHliMiriit at ' liiil liiiii'. hi- ii'i|iii>>t''l tin- .Iml" to it violiiil stall' of cniiilii.ii tin tliiii or lour ilav.s. ami
call u roiim il of all tin- triln', a.s In' lia<l MHii'tliin',; to lliri'W ii|i lniiHiin,' .slonrs ainl lava to 1111 iliiiin'liM'
Hny to tlii'iii. I'll tlii> til. \ all iLisi'iiilili'l mil -ijuiii.'.l lii'i;;lit. whirli mn 111 luiniiii',' loir'-iit-. .|..«ii it- .siii.w-
iliivvii, li'aviiii; an <i|H'ii s|ia. .■ in tli'. i-clilri'. into « In. Ii rla.l si.li s. .\i 1 tin iinii-s lowir il'wn liii'v I'li-
lii' wiilkfi! «itli iiis f.iwliiiji pii'i'i' ; 'I'i^ h.' loailnl with raiii|.r.| lin tli' i.ii^lil, 11. .r ( 'olllii Itork, ii.ii. Ii a^'ain^l
two liiills in t'li' |irrsi'ii>-i' of lilt' :i.'<.~).nilily, aftrr ulii.'li tin' iii.'liii.it ion of thf iiun, uliox' >ii|.i'i>i it ion u..iili|
ho fi'lati'd till' lir.iiMislnnrr of Iii> loss, anil slatnl his Iimm' liil tln'iii to avoi.l sinli a |ilaii'. Tins im k ;;iil
liclii'f that soiiit' om- of Ihr Iniliaiis thru |irrsi'iit hail its iiaiiii' from In ii.i; llii- |ilair in wliirh tlir Imliaiis
tilki'ii it lie thru tolil tlii'in tli.it lir wislnil ihat ili'|.i.sit lliiir ilinl 'I'lii!.- is aiiotlni r..rk lowr
••very (iiio |iri's<'nt. woiihl |ihi.i' his month l.i iho 11111//I1' ilowii, on wlmli w.ii' ijc. .-iir I two or tlirii' hnmliril
of tin- ({nil uml hlow into it, ii.s.siirini,' tin in thai it of ihi'ir hnrial raiio.s , l.iii t '.imni.i'lori' Wilkrs lia\ in;;
w.'iil.l iiiji'l'o no mil- iiinornit of th.' ihrti : l.iit, mi inaih' a fur n. .r tin' s|>ol. ii r..iiiiiiiiiiir.'ili'il to tin'
(III- oihcr hull. I, if the yiiilty party shoiilil a i.iii|i| to l.'.iliis, ami ut'.iily tin' wl.ol. ..f thriii wirr roiisnniril.
ilo so, it woiilil iiicvilnlily kill him. Ili> I -.It sit Tin' Imhaiis show.-.i nun li imliunal n.n ai ihr\iolaiion
tlir rxillll|ih' (if Mowinu into tin' |iii'ii', siainliii:; .1' a plaii' wliirli «:is In I.I -.. ~.i.i..| l.\ ilnni, aini
inii/zli >l|iw«riU on tlir ^riniinl ; tin- rliii'f t'..|l.i».'.|, w.nilil mi il.nil.l li.i\. -..i|..'ht l.'Mii^r hail tliivti'lt
IS wi'll as tlir wholi' trihr, w itii tln' e\r'|'tion of om- 'h.insrh . - sli ;{ I'lnni^li to .10 s...
man, who sat han^iiiy; ilow M his hiail. mill wlnii lalhil I'u-liin.,; fmllnr up tin- river, liny raiiii', on tho
np.iii liy t'li- (•hi''f to follow tin- rxaiiipli- of thf nst, J'.'tli, to aiiotlii'r Iniiiil plan', wlinh snimil to In-
rrfusiil, sjiyili^ that lie v.ni hi not ti nipt tin' (iicat highly ili'ionili'il. ( im- .irtisl wishni Ins Imliaiis to
Spirit, for that hr ha. I tak' i. In loliiu'i'o, ami woiihl |.'il ii-in.ii'. l.iit tiny woiiM ii..t .l.i s.i )!.■ wasi.l.li^cil,
ri'liini it, which he i.-.'. .r.lin^lv ili.l. . Innloii., to put tlnin mil ..f the eanoe ..n the ..pposiie
Whilst Mr. Mai-ki ii/ii- wa-. in eh,ir:;e of Wiilla --iile .1 ilie riM 1, ami pa.hlle the eanoe o\ ir l.\ liiinsi ll.
^\'.illa. Ill' i\liiliiliil 'in in-laini' of ^real presence of Me h i.| no lioiiht Inil what ihey woiiliI lia\e oppose.l
i.iiinl iimler very tryini; .•ir.nm-laiiies. His clerk hail li Loili;; .so, hail it not Ihcii for the iiMiie he hail
u iplarrel ami tiulil wilii the .hi. t, wlmni he U'at. The iiir.'.iiiy aeipiin i| ,1 ny:st the Imliaiis of heiii" n ^iciit
Iniliaii ihoptiiioii e.'llecleil a lari!!' p.irty of the trilii'. nnili.iii. man. ..11 ii.-.-.>iiiit of tin likeci.sses which he
I i-ln-.l with iht'iu iiiii. the \ I ..t the fort, ami ,il hail lal. 111. His powers 'if p.niitiayiii^ the leiitnrcs of
tt'iiiptc'l to si-i/e th'' olliinler lor till' piirj'ose of I ikiiin inili\ i.liials were altiil.iili .1 eii'iiely to Mipeinatnial
Ills lilc. .M.-. \l I. ken/ .' kept them olV lor soiii'' lime, a^l|lc^.anl| he t'oinnl that in look.ni; iit his pi. tines
hut limlin^ he coe.hl 1! 1 ...n no lmii;ei, in- mnlereil oiii' lliey alvMiys co\eieil llnii exes with tin ir liamls, iiinl
ot the iin'li ;.• Irili^' out 11 kej{ of pow.ler, llie lieail ..f lo.iUeil llirmi^h the tilif-crs. this hi'lli;; hI.m. tlii' in
vuhi.'h he knock' 1 in, ami litkitn; a tlint ami -teel t'n.iu v,inal>l< cii-iom when l....kii,u :ii .■ il'iui |>ersoii. On
hi-po.k.'t, ll.' si I .IV. 'r it lis if aio it 1.1 i;;c.ile it, uriii in:; c tin- place he |..iiml ii la\ islily ihcoint' il » itii
t. .Ill',; till' iii'iiaiis ihal i*' they ihil ll ll at once ih part ' iiuiiii'ro|..s aili.'hs "I '•iipposnl iiliiilv ami ormiimiit,
hf wo.il.l hh.iw ill. 'Ill how a white chief coulil ili-' ami tor llii' ciueniein '• of iln' 'l.liinct in the j..i.| in'V (..
ilfstrov his eni'inics. The Imliaim look 111.' alarm, .lu.l ilii' wi.rli! i.l spinis Tin ... aiii, l.s consist ot l.l.nikets.
Ileil ihroii^h the itat'-.s, wliicli he iiiini'ilial''ly harieil iiiiiiips, pols, pans, K'tlle., piales, Iniskets. horn-
iiitaiiisi them, secretly Kemliii'^' tliH cleikj in'.vt ilay, to li.iwls, ami spoons, with -hrcils of doth of v.irii.iis
aiii'ihir fort out of their niiili. ...l.iir. t)iiec.inoe. which was ilcorateil iina'' hiylily
IMitiie 'J.'ilh of Manh tin' never resting tmveller ' than the n-sl, In' evainimil paiticniailu .\ll ilie
s(urt<-il ill 11 stijiill wihmIcii ci'iioe, Willi 1. eouph- I'f 1 artich . .ipp'iiih 'I toil wi le iiinhi.d umIi .s tor the
imliaiis ; itml at the mo.itli .if (he Katlc|ioiiial Iviver, ] v/orhl hy ciilier tearini;, licakitii;, or hoiiii}; holes in
tw'cntv si.v mites fi-miithc tor^ he s|op|Hnl t.i make k them, the Imliaiis liclieviiii; that tlnv would i.e inaile
hkelcli of til.' voliaiio Mount M. Helens, ilis;.int alioiil, | who'i' ii^jain l.y the (ircat Spiiil. t'n 'Aaniininy tin'
lliii Iv or fort V niih's. Tlii.^ mount 1111 has iicmt lieeii { inli'rior .f a cain.c, he foiiml .1 ^r. at nniiilerot iiHpia
visite.l hv Whiles or liiiiiaiis , the latter assert that it I ami other shells, to',;ethi i- with l.i-a.ls ami rili^s ; >'\cii
is iiiliahite.l l.v a la.e of lii'iin;s ..I ,1 .lillirenl spcics, I the luoiilh of the ileci'ii-eil was tilh il wnli tncse iiiticics,
who all' caiinilkils, ami w iimii ihcv lioli! 111 i;ieat ilri'iil ; Ihi' ho'iv ilsell was c.iret'iilly enM-lopn' in iiiiiiieroiis
tliev also s.iy tii.ii lliei'' is a lak' .it lis lia.^e w il h 11 tolils of liiatlili^', liia.l.' ..f rushes. .\t the hottoin of
verv cNtraonliiiiiry kiiiil of li-li in it, with a liea.l nn.rc 1 ihecanor lav a h •« ami allow, a | a.hlh . spear, mi.l
i"seiiililiii>; thut of a Uai ilini any other animal, la kimi .f pick, ina.le of horn, I'l r ilie^ini: the caina-
Ti'ciM. sii|s.|>tii ions lire taken lioiii I he sialenient of a root. Ihe top ol the < ,im»' iiiiiii''ili,ili Iv over the Iml v
lllitl', who, tli.'V S.IV, W' 1.1 til.' II. .iiiitaili with hail aciveiin^ ol hark, ami lioh's wiie Ih.!'.! ii. tin'
aii.ill,er, uml esca|K'il till' l.il.' of Ills .■..iiipaiiloii, w ho w I- lioilmn lo allow th.' watii lo run mil 'I licse cai.ei s
eai'ii Iiv the " Skooi'iioms, ' or evil i;eiiii. I olii'ie I | were alw ays placcil oil wooilen supports, s'.-peiiilcil in
a cnsi.h.iiilile liri'oe, he sav s. to any Imlians w ho won 1. 1 t the I. ranches of trees, or pi iml upon isoluti il rocks in
."■.■.iinpaiiy me in ils cxploi'itimi, Iml coiihl imt liiil , tliP i.v.r to keep tln'iu lii'vnnl the naihil ravenous
.111.' Iiarily eiimi;;h to venture. It is of very yreal ' animaiv (.V..' p ;i('i8 ) Iti.riiiu' 1 's -lav, the In liaiis
height, illnl hiiiit; ''overeil with Hiiovv. is seen at 11 ;;re It ' w.it.l.ni him ilo-'lv li..ni tin' "p|o-i!i- l..iiik, 11ml mi
ilisfaiice. TIn're was not a cloinl visihle in tin kv .11 I his le'.nin, they e\.iniii.i'il him 11- iinnntely .'s they
the tiini I coiiimeiice.l my skel.li. ami not a In cat h of j colli 1 with tin ir eves to see that he h.iil no. liroil^'hl
air was |H.|i'e|ilili|e. .*<ii.|.leiil v 1 -llcalll of while aliv ' liilii; awav . H.nl he lu'eli so nnpi iiilelil hh to li.ivc
Hllloke shot up tlolil the cralir "f th.' I nil ilii. iml .|..ii.' s... In woul.l pr..l.al.ly have illisVirleil for ill*
l.iwereil a short time over lis .suuium , it then scltleil sn 1 ih':;'' w itli his lil'c, ilealli Ulii^' ill.' <'lt.iill pi tnilljf
»7R
ALT, ROUND THE WORLD,
!, A
V'
I
i I
. ]:
I'! j
!
til till- uinst tritlintc viulatinii uf tin- samlily <>( n nvOin
niiuH'. Ill' cnili'MVniiiTil to ilitii'iivi'i- « Im \v:i.s Imi ii i|
in ihf rii lily ili'inniliij imimm', Imt tin' niily iii!i>iiri:iUiiii
III' I'lHilil i;rt (Vuiu llii'iu \v,i> tii;i{ it wan till- il:iiii;lil.i
lit' 11 <"hiiiiii.lj iliii-r. Til.- Iiiiii.iii rliii'I's liiTi' liavf II
i<il|H'rstiti'iii'i ili'i-ail "t iiiriiliuiiiii^' till- liiiiin'M nf any
|«'|-;<'iu iil'trr ili-alli • will liny li-l! voii lin'ir uwii
naiilivs, wliird I'.ill I'lily I"' t'.Hilnl mit liinu i tliilil jiarty.
Oiii' of llii' iiii'ii askcil lull) it' lii- .li'siiT to kdow
IiIn I.iIU" |1|M.1miIii1 t'lMIII I Wi>ll to Kll'.ll il ( It
Is Mot ail iiin'omiiion tliiiii; I'or a cKii't', wln'ii Im wiMln's
t.> pay yoii a vrry liiitli . iiii|.liiiiiiit. to iifivi' ami lull
you liy liiHowii iiaiin", aii<l a'lojii .soiiii-otln'r lur liiiiisi'lC.
Tiny liail now I'liti'i'iii till- t'lirtlii/ Kivi'i-. wliivii
is a iioi'lli ilv t'l'i'ijiT o)' till' < 'oliiail'ia. I Is lolly liaukii
iil-i- ri-owiii'il willi iii'.iiiMliil !orc'sts Tlir -.valrl-s of
tlii.s riviT ris- o.-iaiionally from tliirly to forty li-i't.
lliTi' Jfr. Kaiii' \i-ii.il till' Cowlil/. Farm In'
|oii:,'iiii; Jo till' Kii'l.ioii's Hay ('om|iaiiy, « lirrr lariji'
i|ii iiilitrs of wliiat ail' raiii'il an. I ratlli- ri'ari'.l in
fji'i'at mniilii'i's. It «a.i lirrc tliat our artist look a
p.irtraii of a Klitlrail woman an.'. Iirr lialiy, wlio^i-
Mlli-i-.in. lit .Iratli (at til I 'Ml 1.1 io Ills" ii;i'.liriiii-"i wli it
rvrroiir liiiliaiis .lout iiii.li'i'sluii I 'Ihv .'all ni<>iliriiii'
or iiiaKic -1 iprlli'il III In t.i Ir i\.' tlir ("ninlry in ii niial
liiiny. t'l avoi.l tin' Miiyi-niri of licr rrlativ. ^ Nor
w IS llii- ilrcail witliont laiiM'. iim «>■ liain from tlu'
ti>!lo«in:,' story tolil of ilii- sjimi' iiii;,'lil'oiirliiMiii li\
(iiivi-rnor Siiii|ivoii :
'• 111 tin- monlli of |''il.iiiaiy la-t, a rlinf of tlif iii.iiu'
III Koiii|.'|iit, visili'il Ml Itlark. till' ;,'. iillriiiaii in
ill irjjo uf i'lioni|isoii's i!i\i'r, at lii> po^t ol KaiiiluopH,
« Ir II a Irn ill .liipiili' look plarr Ih'Iwii'Ii tlii'in. Ini-
iiM'ilialriy on rrtiirninj; tu liis i-aiiip, at a plan- i ■illiil
l'a\ilioii. Koutli'iKit >irkrni'il ami .liiii. I'liioiiiin:,' liii
pi'opli' Willi his la>t liri'alli to k.ip on g.mil t.-i ms wiili
111" W'liiti's. Whi'iliiT i.r II. .1 till- rliii-f- .Imiii; in
jiin. 'lions was iiilrrpn-ti'ii into mi in^iniialioii lliiit In'
lia-l |rri-lii''l in (•on--ripirm-i' of liis Innino ipiarii'lli .1
willi liis uliili' lirotlii-r, tin- Inilims i-ani<> to tin' run
i|i|si..ii lliat Ko.iilipal - ili'atli liail ln'i-n raiiw-.l l.y Mr
Itlark's III 11(1.' or in.-ili.'iiii'. In piirxnaiii'i' of tins
iilr.i, till' »i.|o\v iif till' ili'i'iM-i'.l worki'il lip. II llii-
frrliii)p* of lii'r iirplirw. lill lii' niili-rt.M.k to ii-mhu'i'
lirr liil'li.in'l - iiiiliini-lv fall- Tin' aM'iiijcr of IiIihkI
foilliwitli -it on' for K iiiil.io k, anil, w lini lif ariivi'il,
liotli I'llil ami i.niii.'ry, In' v as, li\ ll i-ili in nf liis
.|i'<tim-<l vniiin, pi.i. i-il lii'f-ir'ii i;.i"l liii' ami -npplii-il
willi to 1.1. |)iii'iti!4 tin- w In. I' i| ly Mr. Ill.n-k wl.ovtas
a liar. I stinli'i.t, i-iiii iiin il witin;; in Iii> ..wii iipirt
lili'iit. lint ll i\ in;» yoi nt low. mis i'Viihiil;. lii' w.i>
ri'lnniiiiii iliiiii','li tlm room w In-ri' liis jji.i'-i w i-
sitlin-^. anl liail just riKi'ln il tli" .Inir of liii iliiintni
wlii-n III' ti'll ilou'ii ili'.iil. v.iili till' i-oiiti'iits ..f iln-
"iiva);)' s ^111- III Ills link In tli(> ap|i.iUiiiu' roiitniii'ii
lliat I'lisiifil, till' iniii'ili'ii-r w is allo»i-.| i.. i-~.-.i|m> I'loiii
till' foil. l..",ikiiio Inn .,1 If imiin iliiiti'iy t-i iliu inoiin
I lilis. Ill' was ill iKi-ii from plar> lo pla. r llkn a » il.l
liraMt, li. iii|{ i.li|i;(i-i| to alialiil.ill first lii^ |.o|-ni.... alnl
li'<;ly, Ills u ifc anil r.imily : Inii il u.isii.: iinlil iiio'i-
tlian )'i;'lit iiiii|illi<i of t::.'ilaiit ptir-iii\ ili.i' lin vtas
liiiiilly Ininli'il d.-v. n on tin- liaiik ..t iln l-'rai'i '■,
MuiT liv Miini' of lii-< own iK'tiph' .\s a pr-M.fi.f lii-
< ..npar.iiiM' csiiin iliiiii of I'lvilisiilii'ii ami li.nl.arisin,
till' mill r-lili' lii'im;, u til |l.<- IiI.huI ..| Mr lUai-k on
Ills i-.in-..-11'iii-n, cartn'-iK lii'jiiji'il to l»- li: li\i'ii-il up in
ilii Wliiifs. mill .11 111 in:. ii-fii-.i.| il..- last Ihmih. hi-
li'ap ll mlu llic siruaiu, .-.w .lumiu^ uwuy for i.i- lilt-
until 111' \va.s ili-s|>iiti'lipi|. just like) a .sea otter, liy arrow
afirr arrow. '
< 'ill- ti'.i\ ■lli'i's lii'ini' proi' It'll tu Nani'iiiiver
Islainl ami al.niif tlio .o,-is|, mi ,\ voyii'^n not nnlraii^lit
willi ilini;i'i, amoiij; llio linliaiis alnii^ tlm i-iia.st.
In oiii' plai'i'. Ills |iarly I'lnliarkml in a small ramio
for a ti-.iM'isi' III twi'iily-twii miles in an opon wii.
" W lii'ii w-c liail l.i'i'ii out for alm'it a I'onpli' ..| lioni-s,
till" wiiiil iin-ri-asfil to a pi-rlivt ijaln, ami. Mowing
a^.lill.Ht an i-ldi ti.ln, cni-'cil i In-avy swnll, Wn wnin
oliln,'i'.| to ki-i'p oiii' niiiii I'oiistanlly lialini; to ]irrM'iit
iinr l.ciiio sw ampi'il. Tim lii.liaiison lioanl Imw loiii
lin'in-i'il on.- of tin-ir wiiil i-limls, wliirli liiiira.'.i .1 ton
pnrfi'it yi'll wlii'in'.i'ra wavi' lari^i-r tliai; tin- rest up
plo.irln'il ; llii- was ii'iompinii-il with lilowini» ami
spitting ai;aiiist tlic wiml, as iflln'v wi-rn in aii^;ry ion
,'niition willi tin- i-vil spirit-- of ilm .storiii. Jt wius
allou'i'tlifi a --<'i'in' of tlio nmst wilil ami iiitrlisf <-x-
riti'imiit ; tlin imiiintaim.iis w ivc- roaiiiin;; i-oiiml mir
liltli' i-alnii' as if |., niijiilpli iis i-w-iy inoiinnl, tlm
wiiiii Imw liii'.,' ovi'i our lii'.nN, ami Ilm yi'llin;; Imlians.
niaili' il alisolntrly trrriti.-. I was snrprisi-ii at tin-
ili-Mi-nty witli wlij.-li ilii-y inaii.ii,'i-il llio caiim'. all
pnltiii'.' out tlmir pnlillns on tlm wimlwanl si.ii-. w linn
I'Vi-r .1 wi.vn I r..k'. llins ln-.-akiin,' its fon-i', ami '.'niiliny
tlm Bplav ovnr our Inail- t.. tin- ollmr siiln of tlm l...at."
On Ills sjifi- ml III II II.' Wits \i>ilii| liy ii Yillow Cum,
a i;ri'al i-liii-f of liiili; li Col liia, Ilm Ii..||im liilil ot
til asl, wliii-M- wnaltli i-onsi>is in Mlaxns ami ioijiins.
I'l- liiaipiays, H small sln-ll loiiml at Cipn FlatliiiK, Mini
only timrn, in ^'nat alminlam-n. Tlmsn slmlls am umiI
a.t iiioimy, ami a (.'mat tritHi- is rarrii-il mi 11111011;; uti
tin- irilii's liy nmaiis of tlii'in. Tliny I'm ol.laimil at
tlm iHiltiiin of till' sna, at a ronsiilnraliln iliplli. I.\
iimaiis of a long jmli'. stii.'k in a ll.il lioanl alM.iit liftirii
imlii's Mpiaro. Kroiii tlii- Imanl a iinmlirr ol loo-o
pi.'.-ns ploji'i'l, wliii'li, win-ii pn-s.-U'il ili.wn. i-iiti-r llin
l>.ittiilli rinis of Ilm hIu'IN, u liii-li hi'i-lil to l'i> at tarlii il
Io till' liiittoin liy tlii'ir HiiiaH I'lnls. Tin- sln-lls hli. k
on ilm pim-i-H ami nri' tliils liroiii;lit. 1.. (In- Mirtii'i-.
Tlii-y ail' from an imli iiinl aliilf to two ill^llt-^ in
li'ii^'ili. ami am wliitn, nli'inli r. ami lioll.iw, ami tapnr
ili^' to .-» point . sli:.'lilly niirMil. ainl aiioiil tin- xi.-'i
an onliiini \ to' irrn pipe slnn I In-y am valnal.l.-
pro|ii>rti..n t" tlii'ir lrii;;tli ami llnir valine im-ira^rs
in-rililiiiy to a IIm-.I r.ili... (oily hIh lis liriii:; Ilm fl.iii.lnMl
nnmlM-r to i-\|.|nl a fatliom's Ii-iikiIi. winrli niiml'ii. in
lliat 1-.1-I-. i- I'lpial II" a l.raM'r's hkiii ; Init it lliiily-
iiilm Ih' foiiinl laroi' nlioiigli to iiinki' ilm latin. in. it
woiilil 111' Worth two iH-axi'l-s' itkins ; if thirty i-iyht.
llimi' skins ; ami so mi Si-.i ottnr skins am tin- nioHt
V iliialilr fur loiiml on tlm Noilli Ami'iinin roift, tlnii
ii--iial t.iliii' in till' t.irill' In mu' IwiIm- hlanki-is , ten
l.laiiki-ls lH'iii^> ripii'.l Io a I'liii ; toli.'iri'i ami ammniii-
tnni in piii|n>rii.i|i.
Tlm rliarai'tnrislirs ol tlm ilitli'irnt trilii's iiiliiiliilinu
tlii'.-i' ri-oioips ai-i' inli-ri'stiii;{, a- ihry may in.w Is
.'oii-'iili'i'i-il onr fnllow loiiiiirx nn-li 1 'l
Tlm linliir.is Mini h of tlm ColMinliiaii Itivrr tailoo
lliim-r'w. Ih'Iow- till' iin.iitli, whirh ({ivi-s 11 li^'lit lilin-
ap|s-ii|'iim'n to lhi> roiiiiti-nain n Tln.>i> at tlm inoilt li
.if till' I oliiniliia, anil tor I'mir liiimln-il inilis up il, a-,
wi'il a-, thosi' of I'mji-t s Soninl. anil Ilm Stiai's of
Kiii-a, anil at tlm i-onlln'rii put of Viinroiivir Islaml,
li.ivi' tlmir Ih-'iiIh llitl'in-l i|..»ii in llnir iiilain-y.
Tliosn inli iliitiii); tin- iiortli part of tlm i~ ml lia\o
tlmir In Ills riiiiipii's.si'.| into a roiiiial ..ipn ilnring
iutaiicy , tliJA i.s ilmm l.y means of a bit.iilaui , wliuli 13
PROM THE AIXANTIC TO TF!F, PACIFIC.
379
ter, hy arr"w
III imrniiiglit
t tlir con«t.
small citiiuo
1(11 ii|ii>ii soil.
|lli' III IliillI'M,
mil, liliiwin^
W'l' ttitc
t til |nrMiil
iril iiiiH ii'iii
miruM il 111 II
tllr rc>t ll|i
lilowlii); i\ii<l
ill iiii(,'i_v <<'ii
nil. It wius
I iiili'iisf IX-
ii; rmiiiii i"ir
IllllllHIlt, till"
lliiii; liiiliaiiH,
iii-.i'il at till?
Iiu cahiii-. all
•il hiii''. w lirli
11. ami ;.'iiiiliii);
r 111' llii' ImiiiI."
Y>llii« Ciiiii,
Iti'lIlM liitil 111
I'i aii'l iiiijiliis.
h'hilliiij;. Mini
.lulls air IIM il
nil iiliiiili;: "^
I- iililiiilii li III
ilili' ili'i'lli. i>>
I ainiiil liflfi II
l,ii- I'l |iii>»'
,\li, ilitrr ill!'
<i |.i> allarlii il
• slirlU Milk
I 111' Miilii'i-.
«o illi Ill's ill
w, mill titiM'i'-
illl llir ni.-"
I' \alilali|>'
iliio ilirl't'il-in
; till' i-l:iii.liil(i
il iniiiilx-r, ill
.III il lliiriy-
II liiiliuiii. it
iliiilv i-iylil,
;ili' till' must
II masl. lliiif
laiikils , till
umi aiiiiiiiiiii-
lii's iiiliiilutiiiK
llllllN lli'W I"'
I llmr lailio
a li;,'lil lil'ii'
lilt till' iilli
nil s ii|i il, lis
111' Snails "f
liiiM r Islaii'l,
lull illlilll.V.
i. ml liaM)
,.i|i,' ilwriiiK
lie . »)iu II »
woiinii roiiml tlir fiiri'lir.lil .iml ;;niiliiMllv ti^'liti'iii"!, '
iinlil illl' lii'ail lii'i'diiu's 111' till' i'i'i|iiiri'ii -.lii,,-'.
'J'lii' 11. 'Xt trilii' Iviiii; ih'rili III' tlirsi'. "li ili iitiiu'iit.
xrf ciillril liy till' Ni.y iijLiirs, •' I'.i'.'iiii ., ' nr ISiulips,
I'rom till' tart nl' tli.' t'i'iii ilis liavini; iiinliT lips i'nlaiL;i- I
by tliu iiisi'i-tiiiii .,r 11 pii'ii' 111' W11.11I. .\ sill. ill ml
hIi'IsiIi'i- jiiri-o lit' liiMi' is iii.^i rti'il tlirmiijli tin' iimlrr lip
of til ' inraiil, I'loiii Im'I'hv iipw.irils. ami is '^'iMn'iaily
I'lilar^ril, until a flat )iirri' nt' w.ind, tliii'i' iiu'lii-s Ihiil;,
.niiil an iiu'li ami a lial! wiili'. lias rausnl tlir lip in
[irnlrinlt' tn a rri'.ilill'ill I'Xtriit. tin' priitni-iinii iiiiri'asiiii,'
with iij{i' ; >;rrat iiiipiirtiiiiri' is attai'liril to llm siz>' ul
till' 'ip. as it iiilistitllti's till' st.lllilalil lit" I'lllLlli' liralllv,
it alf^ii marks tlii' ililli'li'Ui'r lii'lwri'ii iiativi' I'lir wmiu'ii
ami llioir slaves.
Wlii'ii till' slii'k is ri'iiiHVi'il, mi any .isiiti. tin' lip
ilrnps iliiwii til till' rliiii. pi'i'si'iitiii;^ iiiii' nl till' iiiiisl
tlis){ii.stiii(; Kporl.iili's iiiia^'iiiil'li'.
Till' mrii siiiiii'liiiii's wear a ring tliroiiuli tlii' n.isn,
forinril 111' Ikuii', or ln-ajw if tln-y i-aii i;rl 11 ; Imt tlir
prailii'i IS nut iiiiiviTsal. Tlii'\ wiar ,1 1 ip maili' nl'
the lilirrs n|' rnlar liark, i,viiviii very tiiii'ly tum'tlirr,
(iml a lilaiikri niaili' tVniii llu' wnnl ot' ilii' iiiniiut.iin
Hiiri'p ; tlii'V ari' vmy \al\ialili', ami takr ynirs in
iiiakiny. Fur lino, wliirh I prm'iirisl w illi j/ivat ililli
rultv. I liail In pay livi- pmiiiils nt' Inliai'rn. I,'ii rliarijis
111" :iniiiiiiiiitinii, ntn' lil.inkrt. nni' pniiml n( licaijs, two
rliri k sliirts. mill om' oiiik I virmliinii.
Tin' ni'\t triiir, still nmii' nnr.li llim '.In' last, iiisiTt
lii'ails 111' vari'iiis rnlmir.s, twn tliir.ls nl' tlii'ir ilrptli. intn
till' wli'ili' liiiijlli nriliii npprr lip, jiivinj; il lln' appi'ar-
ami' n|' sn niili'li lirail wmk.
Ill llm iiiliri'ii nt' Ni'W ( 'ali'ilmiia. wliiili is last nf
Vain'iiiiviT Islali'l ami imilli ot' I 'nliimlii.i, aniniii; llir
frilM'M rilli'il •' Tav n nil tills," wlm ,111' also Itili'iii's,
itiiil also anion;; oliiir IriliiM in llii'ir iii'i'.'lilioiirlin "I,
till' riisloni |iri\aili 111' liiiriiiii'.; tin- limlii s, with linii n
Btaiiri'S III' piiiili.ir li.irl'.ili'y to tin' wiilows nl' tii'
ili'i'ftscil. Till' ili'ai! Iiii.ly 111' till' hnsliainl is l.iiii n.ikiil
upon a lii'4;i' In'ap 1 1' n siimn.s wuhI ; his wili- is llii'ti
pi.iiiil upon till" il Illy, ami rnvriiil hmt with 11 skin .
till' pill' is tlii'ii liu'liti'l, aii'l ill'' pnnr wiini.iii is nni
|«'lli'il to ri'iiiain until -in' in lii'irls snll'ni'ali'il, wli.ii
hIio is rtlliiwi'il III ilisii'iiil, as Is't slu- ciii, tlirnii:;li 'ln'
hlnoki' mill llaiiii's. No siiiiinr ilnr sin- i-iai-li tin'
Kriiiiiiil tliiiii si,' is ixpi'di''! to pf.M'ii th" i.'.'ly rioni
iM'i'oiniiiK ilistorti'il liy 'he inlmn nl tin' lirr. or tin'
ninsili's iinil siin-ws ; iiinl, whi'tirvi'! sinh an rvi'iit
takis plarr, sho hiiist, willi liiT Imri' liainls, ri'slori' tin-
liiiniiii!; lorpsc to its propiT posiiinn ; hrr priNon Inin^
till' wliolr tinit' I'xpiiM'il tn till' snanhiiii; I'lli'rls of tin-
intiiisi' hi'iii. Shniilil -hi' tail in tin' ilni' p'rfnrniaini'
of I'lis iiiilispi'iis.ililr ntr, I'rnin wiikin'ss nr inli'iisity
of pain, sill' is lii'!il lip liy sonii' oni' until lln limly is
ciiMsnini'il. A ronliniiat sinijiiii; ami la'atiiii; ol iliiiiiis
is ki'pt up, Ihrniiuhniil till' I'l'triiinny, wimli ilrnwns
Ini- rrii'H. .Alti'rw arils, sin' iinist inlli'it tin' iiin'nii
mini il pii'i'-.'s nf lioni' aini aslns, ami put lliiiii into a
li.ii; iiiaili" fur till' pnrpnsi'. w liii h sin' his In rarry on
lor l.iiik for thri' yi'iiH ; ii!iiaiiiin'_'. for tin' timi', a
nIhvi' to 111"- Illl -1 1. 1 111 Is rrlat inns, lii'iny in'illirr atlnwi il
In wash nr I'ninli h.rsilf for tin' wlinlo tiiiii', "n that --lii-
sunn liiM'iinii's u most ili-i.'iisiiiiu' olijri't. .At tlio rvpiia
tmii of till' till yiars, a fr.ist i.' uivon hy Inrt'r
iinntiirs, who invili' all tlin I'liiii Is ami iililimis nf Inr
iiml tln'lii-elvi'S. At lln I'nmnirni'rinrlit tllry iliposil.
witll (fri'iit i-rn-inniiN , ihi' niimins of tin' l.iiiiit iliail
in 11 hnx, which tiny iilVix tn a hijjh polo, und iIuik'o
ariiiinii it. The wiilow is tin n strippril :iakoil, ami
snii'arr.l, finin Inail In Inni, willi lisli oil, .hit wliii li
mil' nt till' liysianliis tborwx a ipiantiiy nf swan'.s ilow 11,
iiHi'iim; liiT I'litiiii piismi. Sin' is thi'ii iililijjoil Ui
ilaiiii' with till' nthi'rs. Al'tor all thi.s is over. ,sho is
fri'i- tn marry a^.iiii, if sin- Imvo lli" inrlination iiml
r,iiii-.ii>i' to vi'iitiiii' on a s Hill risk of being rna.stril
alivi'. ami tlio siili.si.im nt limiurs.
It li.is oftrii l.appi'iii'il, that II wniiian who ha.s inar-
lii'il a SI I'oml hilsli.iml. in llm Impi's, |iiilia]is. of imt
iiiitliviin; liiiii. ('nmiiiilti'il siiiriili! in the rvcnt of her
liii-luinrs ili'atii, latlnr llian iimlir;;ii a -roiml niihiil.
I waM iiiialilti In Iraru any rxplmiation of thr iimtivrH
fir tliisi' rnnl rili's, ami ran only ai'i'or,iit I'm this in
tin- ni'.liiial rlli-liiii'-s, la.'iiiiss. ami (•rnill\ of the
linliaiis. who, jiroi'.ilily, hnpi- hy tlii'si' mciiiis tn ri'iiilir
till".!' wivi's iiinii' atii'iitivi' In tlii'ir porsniial omi' ami
rniiifoit ; whilst, at till' sjinn' linn', il siriiiis thfiii
frotn a.s.siussin.itinn rillirr hy a joalmis or an crrulit
spollM'.
Arroiiipanii'l In a N.is.pially rliii-f, who hail I'miio
lOi'rto Vallinl|\il- Islami tn Innk fnr a Inst will' Mr.
K nil' now .sit oli'fnrtlii' main lainl. Thr 1 hii f shnWfil
hiiii an nil! pii',1- nf ncwspapir, whiih In' saiil hi' hihl
'Ip wlnn III' imt with stranui' Iii'lians, who, Mippnsiiij^
iiil'i tn 111' rarryiii;.' ilr.-patrlirs, allnwcil him to pain
witlmnt mnlrsliilim.. Tin' privilri;.' of thr |Hist is n
pisuliar nil,' in this cniinlry. Tin' llinlsmi's Uav iiumtH
in ili.ir;;!' nf tin' vaiiniisstalinlis liaxo fniplriil nriasiiili
to si'inl hlliTs, soim linii'S for a I'lHisiihiaMi' ilistaliir,
wlii'ii it is I'itlirr iiiiniin'iiiint or ini|nissilih' fnr tin in
In lit niit a raiini' with ihi'ir own imii to rally it In
siirh rasrs tin' httrr is ;;iMti tn an Imliaii, w im 1 .irrirs
il as far as suits his rmiviiiiiiiri' ami Nilily. Ho llirii
-ills till' litti-r tn aiintlnr. who r.irriis it niilil hi limts
an nppnriiinity nl mHiii.^ it to ailvaiit.i^'. It is lliii!)
pi-siil mi ami sniil until it iirrivcs nt its lirstinatiou,
u'lMiliially iiii'ii'isiii',' in \a! ninnlin^; to ilistaiico,
ami lln- last pns-.s-ir IrroiMlii,' tin' ri'Walil fnr its sal'.:
il'livi'iy. In this maiimr hllris aio firipnntlv n'nt
with |i<rlis't .sirnnly, ami with niiirli jinatrr lapiilily
than iniijil 111' limn' nlln |» iso
Wliili' pill, ilim; p.isi 1,11 i.-.iilalnl rmk mi tli ir way
arrnss to l-'nit Vamniivcr, tho olil rhiif M'latisl tlio
fiillowiiii{ ir;;i ml of tin- Nasipially Itnrk, which slumla
alioiit six or M'vcn fi'ft iilii.M' till' water : —
'• It is iiianv a ninnii siinc a NiiMpially fiiinily livoj
iii'.ir till' spni. It cniisisti'il iif a willow, wii|i tour
soii-i ; mil" of tlnlll Wa.-* liy Inr lil-l hllslialnl, lln- ollior
llui'i' liy till sii'iiml. The tlilie \ mincer snlis treateii
tin ir ehler lirnlher with ni'' at iinkimliie-s. lefn.sing
liiiii any sliaro in their liiintin^' ami li^him,': he, on thu
emitr.iiy. wi-hini; to ciimlli.ile ihcin, alwa\sya\e llu'lll
a slniie nf Ills spnils. lie, in fart, was a (in at lln ilieilic
III 111. alllmilu'll thi.s was iinklinwii In tin in ami, lH'ili|{
tire. I of tli-'ir liar^h lieatnient, whii h mi kimlin >sii|i lii.s
paii seeiin .1 Id sofliii. heat liie^'ih iisnKeil to ti laliate.
lie a.cn'iiiii;,'ly one ilay t'liti reil the Iniliie, win re llioy
were fi'.isliii;,'. ami Inhl ihein there was a Iar);o seal li
slnrl ilislaliee oil' Tiny ilisl.intly mi/eil tin'.r sih'M-m,
ami staiteil in the ilireeiimi he |Hiiiileil out ; ami. com-
ing' lip to the aliim il. the 1 1. lest ilrnM' lii.s ^lpear into it
This si:ilwas,i '•.'lilt nil ilieiiie,' II filiiiliar of the ehliT
lirniliers, who hail hiinsell enaleil linn for the occa-
si"ti. Tlio fnreinnst hail 110 snmier ilriM 11 in hi- -p<'«r,
than he fniilnl it i ip..ssili|e In ilisetli,Mi;i' hit haml from
the h imlle, nl- t. li iw il mil: the two otlieiH 'Imvfl
Ul theim with .. liku vtloct. Thu bcid now tuuk to iLe
1 I
I.IM'
\h ■ \
j"i
W'
If •}
: 1'
9S0
ALL ROUND THK W'OlUAl
w.iici-. iini«>;iiiR tlii'm iifti-r it. :iii<l sw mi l.ir oni tu sen.
HiiviiiL,' tr.ivilii'il lur m.iiiv mill's, tin v ^:lw an islainl
ill till' lll^l.■llll■l', lo«.ii-il.s wliicli llii' si-al iiiaili'. I hi
iii-aiiiii,' till' slioii', ihrv I'.iiiiiil for llu' tir-it tiiiii' that
tlii'V nmld niiiiivi' tlh ir liainls tVuin lliir i-fii'.ii-s. TIh'v
iirroi'iliiinly laiiilnl. ami. sii|>|».siiii' tliriii.ii'Ui's in .'.onic
nii'irii's' ciiiiiiti'v. tln'V In. I in :i i'|iiiii|i nf ImisIii'.s Iroiii
ii'scrvatioii. \\ liilc Ivinn cniii-iali'il. tliiy .'<ii« a iliiiii
imtivf caii'ii' rnnniii; roiiiiil ii p'liiit in the ili>t.iiiri'.
|iailil|i'i| liy II vi'iv liltif man, wli", ulnn lio i-aim' ii|i|iii
siti- til wlirrr tlii'V NVi'ii'. anrliiiriil lii.s Imat w illi ii kImIii'
altarlii'il to a Imh^' liiH', wiiliniit |»i-ri'i\ in;; llirm. Ili'
iiuw sprann iiM-r till- >icl.'. ami iliviiii; ilnu ii iiiiiainiMJ
a liiiii,' tiiin' umlir w.iiii- At Iriiu'tii, li'! ihm' t> tin'
sairtix'i', ami limii^'lit with liiiii a lai'i.'i' ti^li, wliirli hi'
thri'w into tin- Imat ; this hi- n'|"ali'il si'V.Tal liiin-s,
vtu'li tiiiii- |oi>kiii<; in to rniint Jii! ti^li In' h nl raiiL,'lit.
The thi'i'i' liiMlhii's liciiii; v iv I iiii','ry. nm' oriliiiii
otl'tTi'il to s« ini lint wliili' the lit. If man wis ninlir
wati'r. ami shal .nu' "t" tin' li^li. Tliis he sati-ly ai-cnm-
|ilishi'il !>' i''>ii> till' ri'tiii-n nt' tlu' li>hi'nii in : hut ih<'
iittli" fill.ivv n" -•niii-r ii'miii'il with aii'iliii'i- li>li than
111' ilis.'nvii. .1 that I" tli'isi' alri'i'ly iati;;lit was
liiis^iiiu'. ami slii'li-hiii;^ mit his h.iml, Ih' |ias.-'il it
slinvly mI ail,' th.- Ii ai/. ai niitil it |i.iinli'il tn tliiir |ila.i'
of OMiii ralui.'iit. Ill- ii'iw |iiilliil ii|i his -imh.ir. ainl
Iia.Mh'il ti ih.' sli'iii'. ami liiii lial.-ly ili>r.ivi'ii',i lli.'
tlirrif lira Inr^ ; an 1 lii'iii;; as niiri' iilmi^ly strong as In'
wius ihniiiiiii iM'. Ill' tii'il tliiir hainls ami t'l'i-t liiiji'thi'r,
ami, t|ii"« in^ ihi'iii iiit'i his ran."', |ia.|.|li'il hack in thr
iliii'i'M'in fr »ii w lii'iii't' III' lia'l runn' lla\iiii.' I'onmli'il
till' ih-taiit |i<iiiit. w hi'ii' t h>'y Ii.mI lirst ihs. rini him,
tlii'V I'aiiii' tn a villas;!' inh.iliiliii U: .i rarr nf | ]•]•■ as
K iiill as thi'ir ra|itiir ; tln-ir Ihinsi'v li.iats, ami iiti'ii^iU.
hi in;; all in |iri|i'>i linn In ihi'iii-ilws.
" Till' I hill' liiuihi'is \\rr>' ihrii t iki'ii nut .ami ihr. iwn,
hniiml as tjii'V wi'iT, intn a lull,'!', whilst I I'Mimil wis
I' ail ('111'. I t" ilri'iili- n|i 'II I hi ir fill'. I <iii iii^; tin' sliiinj»
nf till iimil. an iiiinit'ii~i' lI'M'k ii( hir.U. ii^i'mMiii:;
>.''l''(!, lull llini'll I il'lirr, |1 Mllli'l'il ilnHli nil till' illlll
hitants, a'nl rniiiiiii'mi'! a \ i.ihiit all nk. 'I'lirsi' liinls
h I'l till' |inw.r nf tliinwiii'.; thi'ir sharp i|iiilU likf |ini-
(iipinrs : ami altli'aii,'li tin- linU- » iirinrs fmii^li' with
u'li-at \al.air. tliry sn.m i.r.iiii.' i-mi'ii'il with tlic
imiriii;; i| irts, an I all sink in-riisihli' tn tin' ^rmiml
U'lii'ii ill ri'si-tiimi' hail .iisiil iln' liir.K in.ik to lli;;lit.
ami ilis.i|i|>i' ii'i'il.
'•'I'hi' hrnlhi'is ha.l \\iim>-i-,| iln nlli I fi' in tln-ir
I'lai (' nf rnnfnii'iin'iit. arl »itli in nh l.i'' "ir h nl sin-.
ircili''! in |-i'liasiii:{ tln-n;-i-i\i-s I'l >iii tin ir li-anl-, win-ii
lliry wi'iil to tin- lialtli'i,'i'inii.| an I ■•■iniim-ii'-i'il |iiillin;;
llii' i|'iills fr nil till' a|i|iari'iilly lif'-li->' Im.iIu's ; Imi no
I- i-r h.-l'l lln-y il tlii> ill. .11 all i^i^t mllv ii'rnvi-riil
ti rn|iM-inii>in->s. Vt'lnri allnl'ilniii lii-l In-, •aiii' \> i II
iiiiaiii, lii-y waiiti-'l in slin« tln-ir >,'i-atil in h In tin- pri
Kiiii-rs, ami nll'iri '1 t'l ;;raiii tthali-iir tlii-\ sli iiihl
ili-sin-. Th" lil-nthi'rs |-i-'|ili'slt'c| to Im sent ha. k to
tln-ir nvvii i-Minlrv. \ i-num il »ii~ l-.iIIi-.I tn .li-i iiln mi
till' i-isii-st 111. nil- •)( ilnim,; Ml, ami lln-y i-vinlually ih'-
liriiiim I ii|i .11 i-iii|iln\ iiii» .-I whah' for tin' |nir|insi-. Tin'
liliilli. 1~ «. If lln-n si-ili-i| on tlin Ki. k >'f llm nnnisli r.
uinl |ir '.'<■• 'h-l in tin- ilirirlioii nf Nas.|ii.illy I|..m
•'ver, win'li tlmv hail rn irln i| ahmil Inill w iv, lln v\|iili'
lii'i;aii tn tliiiik what a tnni he was tn i-niy llniii.
iii-|i-nl nf iiiiniii:{ tlniii into |Kir|iniM's, :iinl hltiii;;
tlii'lii srtiiii Imiiii' thrliiM-lM-s. Nn« till' « hah' i* i-.>n-
ni'liTi-'l Is a "^n.'li a II li yah. nr tirnat ."Spirit alllmii'.'h
In.t ihu •'iiiiir .ts till' II 11.1 ^'o.■h a II li vu!' nr til'L-iil;
' ni;.'li Spirit -|.o.ssi'.s.siM;,' iri-natcr powi-r timii all olln'r
anim.ils put ln;,'i-||ii-|- ; iinil no .somn'r hail In- llnnnsht
iipnii I hi' m.illii- than In- i-arrii-il il into ill'i-i-t. This,
ai ilinuly. is till- way thi- porpnisi-s lirst cann' into
r\i>lriiri', ami iici-nnnls fur tln-ir linim^ i-niistaiillv at
war with tin- sials, om- of wliiili spri ii-s was tin- ciin.si'
nf lln-lr iiiisf a-iiiiic. After tin- tliii-i- lirnilnrs hail sn
slraiifcly ili.sappi-an-il. llnir imitln-r rami- ilnw n to tln-
h'M I, anil iiiii.iiml tin rn for ilays wali-hiii^j Inr llnir
rrliirn, ami iM-w.iilini; Ihrirali.si-m-i- w iih trais. Whilst
thus i-iii;ii.'i-il, nin' il.iy, tho w li.ih' happi-liril In pn.ss.
ami tiikili;; jiity mi In-r ilisM-i-s.s, tiirinil Inr into that
.slom-."
<»ii thi! Int of .liilv. Mr. I'anI Kann h-lt l-'..rt V.-ni
iniivi-r, in rmiip.iny with tin- liri^jmli' of Imuts that ha>l
<ni Inwiithi' nvi-r, from various |K>iiils, wilhtiirs,
.iml rrlnrniil with tln-ir mitliis for the winii-r. 'I In-
linn, whn wi'i-n iilln-.vi-il ii ri-|,'.ili' thi' first iiiylit of
start iii'j. plh'il thi'ir oars with x i;;oiii', hut stiil llin ilihiv
of jKiria^i's Has I'vnr ill tin- way of rapiil pmyiiss.
An lln-\ apprnai-hnl thn plan' w hire the Walla- WaPa
ih'liniH'hi's into till' t'niiimliia iiivi-r, tlnv laiiir in .si;;lit
of two f\lr.-ni|-i|iii ir\ rm-ks p|-n|iiiiiii; (Vmii a hli;li
siii'p inin-, nr II ml, almiii si-\iii hiimlri'il li-rt ,-ilin\..
tin- l.v.l of tin- rmr ^.^■ - p. 367 i Tins.- are .-..Ih.l
l.y liii- i;ii„ifi.iii:i I In- I hinim-s l!n. ks, nml frmii tln-ir
h. iml; Msilile Irniii a fji.il ilisiaini- lln-y an- vi-r\ .sei ■
\ irca'.ji- iis lamlniai'ks.
•Tin' Wall.i Walla Imliaiis rail lli.se the • Ih.ik.s nf
lln- K\i- i|si> (;iils,'nf whii-h tiny nlale the f.iUnw im,;
h L"inl. « hiili w IS Inhi tn iiii- \i\ an liiiliaii, whilst I
Wis sKil. him,' this cMLinriliiiai y .sii lie. It must lie
h'irm- ill niiinl that all linli.iii tiihcs .seh-el snim- .-iiiimal
In w hi. Il lln-y attrii nl.- siipi-niatnral. or in lln- laiii;iiaL;e
nf till- iniiiiiiy, nii'/iriiie pnvMi.s. Till- \\ hall, f.-rin
sl im-e, on ihe iinrtli west enasi . the lire via. m Wi re
l-LlU'lc. nil lln- last si.le nf the llniky .\l n'lll, I ai lis, slip-
posi.l I.I lie the maker of thiimlir ; ami tin- Wolt on
llie ( 'nliiiiiliia lil\er. Nnw the >;ri at Ineiliriiii' wnll mi
the (nliiiiiliia IJiver-- .iii-iirilini,' tn lln- Walla Walla
Irnlitimi, the ninst eniiiiliii,' ami artful nf nil .Maiiilmi.s
li.i\iii4 liear.l that a ynat im-ilnine );rasshnp|i<r w.i.s
ilesol.iliiiL; the whole of the cmiiitrv wlii.li of ri^lit
lielnii;,'i.i| III himsi-U'. Illlll was espei iaily ninli r his pro
tei-ii.iii. imim-.li.iti ly iis.iUeil tn liaei- him mil, ami
have a pei-suiial em-niiiili r w ilh him. With this \ iew
lie prnreeileil lliiwn the lal.ks i.| ||ie rivel. aliil 'ooM
fell ill with tl I.|.-. t of his s, ar. h Rieli of the.se
fnrmi.l ihl.' .M. mil. Ills ili..iiehi II lust III II snrt tn stra-
laifilii 1.1 in. T. iiine liis npj.nii, iil liiiii^; allaiil of eaell
nthi-ls III.. 11. nil-' piniirs, tlie\ 11-11. r.|illi.'ly inliililelieeil
hy ex.lian;;iiii; ii\iliiiis, ami llieli wiili a view of teiri
fyini; eaeh nllnr. I e^jaii In.-, .tiiii; i.f their wniiihiliil
evplnits. ami the nnml.eisi ihe\ hail killeil ami rateii.
The L'r.«s.slnip|K-|- sahl to the w ilf that the Lest way to
a.siert.iin who li.nl lii-vonri-.l the lai-fisl iiiiinl.ers. wmilil
liet.i v.iiiiit lip the eniileiils of tin ir n-speetivi- sinniaelis,
ami he wh > threw 'ip iiinsi hair-thai helm.' an imli
U'estilile siilisliim-e hy sh'iuini.' whn lia<l sw.illnwi.l
im.st animals shmiiil i.e r.-iisiilei-.-il as the siipi-rinr. I o
this prnjjos.il the w.ill .■..iisi-i.leil. ami they e. .ninnlH-ed
r Iiiin; ami vnmiimn ii|i all in their iispeeliM- sti>-
iiia-hs The ni.isshnpjiii . in the violeine ..f his i\i i linns,
iialiiially elnsi-il his i-m ,,, uml the wnlf peri-eiv iiii; this,
ailr.iitly ilrew a i.'ieil part of his oppmieiii s share over
In Ills nw II si.le W It In .111 iM-ilii.' ilele.t , il The HI issln.ppi T,
when he |i.rii inil h..w miii 1; l.irp-r the pile l.i.|..ri tho
Wnlf Wiks tli.in lii.s .lis II. i,':i\e lip tin. iniil(-Mt. uinl pr.j-
I M otlicr
II' tllMll^jIlt
•.I, •riii>,
LMini' intii
istiiiitly itl
I tin- ciiUM!
HTS lliul S't
i«n t.i til.'
;; t,ir til. Il-
ls. \Vliil>t
•il to ).;is«.
• into lliat
I-'. .ft V:in
Is til.ll ll.l'l
, «itli liM-,
inter. '111.'
>l nijilit I'l'
ill lllr ill liv
III |.r.ij.'i-i».
^■i.lla-WMliM
iinu' ill si;;lit
iiiii il liii^li
II llTt llll.'V
,.. aiv .-..11. .1
1 Iriiiii tliiir
III' vciv n\ ■
„' • i;...k> i.f
III' t'.'l'..'« iiiil
illl, wllllst I
It inii>t In'
si.nii' iiniiniil
till' l;llililllli;i"
, lllllr. I.'l- ill
u-M. i.iWin'
iiiliiiii~. >ii|i
till' Willi -.11
liiii' Willi i.n
|\\.ill;i \V:illii
1 Miuiili'iis
|i..|.|wr «.i.s
,1, I.f liuM
lull I Ins I 1.1
III .'III. nil. I
lull itii^ \ ii-w
.1. ni.il -."III
,ill III tlll'M'
„,ii t.i sirii-
ll.il.l ..f.-:l.ll
I .illilll.'l.i'i'l
1, u I.f ti'M I
I u..iiil< rliil
illlil riltt'li.
I.i.-.t wiiv to
il.rl':,. Wiillld
M- .'.i.iinaclis,
iii: nil io'li
I SW..ll..«..l
|ii|.. ri.'i'. I"
IllllH IllT.I
|.I(I1M' >til
i> I'M rtii.ii!<,
■ 'i\ iiiL' tliix.
|» illJIIi' OVIT
I i>>li..|.|«'r,
' l.ifi.i. till'
I, uii.l pru-
l-UOM THE ATLANTIC TO I'lIE I'ACIKlCJ.
381
pojipil to till- wolf an I'Xiliiinu'.' of sliiils in t'llcn i.l' li,-..! liis tii'iul and iii'iii.s oiilaii'.;l.'il in tin' Hliirt, he
nniity ami f..r;;i' .'ii.'ss. To this al.-;o |lii> \v..|f I'.m killi.l tiiin.
WMiti'il, liiit r.'.|iii'st.'il till' yi'as',li..|i|.i'i' to tak.' oil' jiis •• 'riii. w,,|f liaviii',' lliin ;.'..i ril of lii-i li'.iiil.li's..Tni)
uliirt tirst, as III' W.I.S tli.' liisl, |ii'..|i.isi'i' ; Imt tin- ijni.ss ami <laii;,'i'ii.ii. inal, (..mnn'iiii .1 his r.iuin I1..111.', I )n
lioppi'i' r. fiisi-.l a:i.| wi.slicil illl' wolf to ('oiiiiiii'ni'i. till' ail i\ ill.,' witliin a fi-w mill s uf tin' Walla Walla, In-
ciiwiioiiy. saw diiii' lii'iiitiliil Kyr iim- fjirls, with whom he li'll
"Till- «.ilf Illl illy avri-ii"! I.l lliis. aii.l siriKihi; hiiii ,.lf 1' ■-j'.'iali-ly in lovi-: tiny wi-it I'liiiiiu'i'l in i'arr\ iiit;
Kiiil.lriily on illl' l.ii'isl, his shii't, inn Iiali'ly th'W oil'; "Liih's nilo iho livi-. nliT t.. niaki' an arlili.ial
till- j.'ia-sli..|.|.i'r was ;;i'.'ally iistoiiislii- I, ami not Iniir,' .i-.'..!" or ia|iii| 1.. .'ai.h th.' salmon in lia|iii o ov.t
j)ossi'>M'il of any rlianii w lii'iil.y li.' .'.al 1 -.ii'iii hi 111 -.If ii, Thi' w..lf sc. i-clly w.iiihi .1 ijiiii- i.|nialii.iis iliirin;;
lii><'X|piililioils|y, was ohliu'i'.l to l.iki' . ll' his sliiil l.y (h. .1 .y. ami fi'|iai|-.' i at ni'.:ht to tin' ilain ami 1 nlir.'ly
Iho roniim.ii « ly of .lia« inu' it ov.i- his hi'a.l ; tin' woif ili'.^li-oyi'.l tin ir Hnik ; tlii^ h.' ii'|.i'ati'.| for tlii.i' .sue-
now watilii'.l hisoj.[iurlunily,ani| wliiir tin- •jra.s.-hoiii.i'r | cossive cvi'i.ing.s. On lln; foiirlh inuriiiii^' lir saw thii
.(I ace
THE H«RON OE WOG*N AT tHE COUNCIL OF JUDGMENT.
.jirls sit wi'i'|iiii'4 I'll ill.' 1. ink. ami a.'iM-l.'.l tin in, in- south si.lo of ih.' 1 n • r. ami ili. 11 i'liani,'ii| liim-cll into
.|iiiriii'.; wh.il «.i^ till' 111 ill rr ; 'lny tohl linn lln'y w.to a l,iii,'i' ro.k. siimi-« h il Miailar to tin in. on lln' iioilli-
sl.irviin;. as tli"V roui.l i."t li'> h-h I'.rwint ol a il.im. siih', so th i| hr iii..;lil wall li I ln'iii 1 M-r all. 1 «.ii.ls. I
III' ihi'ii |ir.i|'o" 'I t.. I'll .■! a ilim f.r ili.iii. if lliry a lo-.j tin' n irial..r « li.il li .il ln'inim' of th.' iliinl sister!
woiilil I'on.seiit ti l.iioini' lii~ wives: l.. whi.li lliev S,i\-.lii', ' I 'id voil iml ..l.-rr\e :v I'.neiii as \ on eaiini
coiisi'iiteil sooner than peiish from want of I0..I A n|i '' I s.iiil'ihil S li.nl.' ■'i'hal. In' leplieil. 'is ull
loiii; jKiinl of sloiies riiniiiii'.{ iienly airos,s th.' liv. r is. ih il leiiiains of h. .
to this il.iy, atlril«iil.'.l t" ill.' w.ill iovii . < >n th.' IJlh ih. >■ '.he.l Walla W.iila. .s.ii.l to I.0
'• Ki.r .1 loiiu linn' lie live.l li.i|.|iily with lln' lliree sKiiile.l in 11 ili\ . s.miy ileseil, the Imlians livin)}
Kintei's (a custom vi rv frii|iient .iiiioiin linlian-. «li'i almost eiiii'ily ii|iiiii s.ilii.oii ihroiiL'li.nit the wlmlo
innrrv a» nianv sisters in a fiiiiiiiy as lli.'y em. ami m.h'. Tin -e in th.' |.ioi'ess of ilniii;;. are said to
aBxiirii as a reason that sisters will ii.iinialls a^ii" l.i'.s.im' lille.l with s.iml to siieli an extent lis In wear
to^jctlier lietter than stram^ersl ; Inil at 1. infill the w.ilf a« ly th.' In lli of ihe linli.ins ; -iml .111 Imliati is sehlom
lieeai: e jealous of his wiv.'s, ami hy his Mi|ii'riiatiir.il iml »\itli over t'orly Jears ut' a^.' wIuliu t.'elh are uot
|i..Hei> I liaii,'e.l two of them int.) Iiasalt i.iilirmiii the w..in (|iiit<' to tin' K"nis
882
ALL ROUND TUfi WORLD.
Ji!
It
III tlin vioiiiitv of this fnrt Walla \V:illa U llic mi'ih'
of II ili|ilnnili!c trii','c-ily wliirli tunlr |il:i,-.' iiiicj.r Mr.
I'aiil K.iim's iiiiiiinlKitn ii.itii'f, anil is imrratrii I'V liiiii
art tiilLiHS : —
■'.//I'y IS//1 — Siiirlr.l," s.iNs Mr. Taiil K.ith', " Cu-
Hi. W'liiliiiaii s mi^Millll, u clwiinci' •>{' ^i\ly iiiilfs,
mitliiT I'lV-rIC (ir my inaii kipiwiiin aiiylliiii;; nf llii'
rii:iil. I i'ii|iiin'il of one <>( tlic Imlian.rt litii' ; lir
IMiiiitcd out 'Jic (lircftioii, Imt, I'^M us tliat wi- KlmuM
he .sure t" ilii' I'nr want of wal«T iK'Inrc \m- riMiliiij it.
nor niiilil wi' |iri'i.iil on any of tlii'in to yiiiilr \n.
Howc'MT, «!• ^ta|■tl■|| in tlii' iliiri'tinii |Miiiiii'>l mit ;
tilt' wcalliir was iiiliiiscly li'>t, ami wr liaii ii'>i|iiiiir t<i
sliillcr ii.-i fi'iiii till' .-i-..r.liiii'.» iiiyr) 111' tin- .sun. will. li
Wric rrllili'l I'nk liV tin' Ihil Vi'lh'VV Slllil. 'I'ow irJ-
til iciilli' iif till' (lay wi' uiiM-rviil a Imsli in tin'
iliNlaiic'i', ami in oiir lino of iiiarcli ; «!■ i'a;,'iily riisli' 1
fiirwanl. ami liojifil to liml watfr, f ir w.iiit of wlii.li
luitli oiir^i'lvt's ami our Iimi'-i-i wen- imw Milliiini,'
Kt^vi'i'i'lv. Iiiit lia'l tlir nii'i'tlli itimi to liinl tlii' >tri'aiii
(Irii'il ii|', if I'Vir tlnri' liail lurii on.' tln'ii-. Our only
li(p|)i.' was imw to slriii;i;li' 011 as fast as |Kissilp|i'. Imt
o\ir lioisi's KiMiii licyaii 111 fiil, ami wi' wi'io ulilinnl tn
Icail tliciii niaiiy a wrary iiiili'. tnttrriii^' « illi .xliaiisiinn,
liiforc «!• arri\ril at tin' iiii>sionliiiuM'. This \vi' at
l('n;;lli an ipli^liril. aliniil six o. I.ick in tin- I'Vi'iiini;,
mill I was Miy kimlly rrrrivf.l liy tlir niissiniiary s
will'.
" hr. Wliil man's ilutic'rt wen' those ,,f sn|ii'rintt'mli'iit
of till- Aimiiiaii I'lisliN tcriaii nii^^i'in. t>ii tin' wrst
siili-oftlii- iforky Mountains, lli- has Imilt hiiiisilf .k
liiiMM' iif iiiiliiiriit I'lay for want of liiiiiiir. lie has
ri'si.li '1 at this loiality on tlii( hanks .if the W'alla-
Walla liiviT ii|iw.irils of liuht yi- irs, li.iiin; all in his
jKiw.r to hiiiilil till' Inili.'ins in his nii>-n.n. llf has [
liiniii;lit fuiy or lil'iy ii'ii s nf lainl in tlif vicinity of j
thr ri\rr nmliT ('nlli\ali<>ii. an<l hail a ^n'l.it ni.iny I
hcrils iif iloiiii'slii' cattle. airiiiiliii:{ f;ii'alt'r c.iinloil In |
Ills family than mii' wnuM ('\|s'i l in mii h an isnIaO'l
H|Hit. I I't'iiiaimil with liiiii linir ilays. il o iii.; whirli
111' kimll'.' a iii|iaiiiri| im' aimnijjst llic Imliaii^. Thi'.-i'
Imiiaiis, the Kyr ii-c, rcscml'lc llic Walla Walla xciy !
iiini'h 'lli'V lire always allies in war, ami tin ir
lan;.'iia;.'e ami customs ale alimist iilentical, excejit I
that the K ye-tise Imliaiis are tar limit' % i< inns iiml I
nni."i>il lial le. I
" Mr. W liitnian tonk me In the huh^^i' uf an Iniliiin
calleil I'll mi kiis that I mi.'lit t.ike his likemss. We
fmiml him in lii.H Iml^'e sillint; |ierlei'lly n.iketl. His
«|i|ieaninfe « as the mu-t s.iva',;t' I ever liihrhl, ami '
his I'Mik-. as 1 afler«ai'U lealil, In Im Ine.ilis lielieil
his I'lMia' l> r. He Was mil ii»ari> <if what I uai ilniii:;
until I hi I liiii^heil the ske|. h. He ih.ii ic.k-'>l to hmk
at It. ami inipiire'l what I inlen<lf<l t'l tin with it, ami
wIiiiIm r I Has mil udiim tn j;nt' it i" the Americahs,
ax'iiii'<l uli'iin III' I'ore n slmii;; aiili|i ithy. Hiiper'
siiliniisly famyiiiK that their jui.'^-i'ssiiiL; it wniilil put
him ill their jHiuer. I in vain Inlil Inm that I hli'iiihl
mil tfive it to them . hut m't liein:; salislieil with this
a-HHiirimt'. he atteiii|ilii| I'l llii'iw It into the tire, when
I .s«'i>!i'i| him liy the .uni ami snalcheil it tioiii linn.
He i^lameil at mu like a lieml, a'nl »|i|ieare'l ^really
fiinij!i i|. lull liefnre he hail tiino to rifnver limn his
»nrpri'e I left the Imlai'. ami inoiiiiliil my h mnc, M"!
wilhniit iiecasiiiiially I'lukin^ I'lielc to M'e il lie mi^lit
Imt semi an airnw alt 11 me.
" I siially, whin I wisheil to lake the liki n<->s >.f an
Imliaii, i H.ilktil mill the I 'Ijji . 'at i|ii» n. ami e<i|ii j
III' 11 T'l wiili"iii ^peakiiii;. :i.s an rnilian, iintlnr thene
eiii iiiii^lam fs. will ;;eiier.illy prelenil not to notice.
Illli "y tlnl not like whit I w.u ifiini,'. they woiihl jret
lip aiel walk aw.iy ; Imt if I askeil llieiii to Hit. tliey
imist freipieiitly rel'iise.l, Huppnsiiivj ili.'il It wciiihl havu
Slime in|urious elleet upon thiiii^'Ui's In tins maiiner
I wt'iit into the loil;,'!' of Silaw-kite, the I hii'f, ami
took his likem.ss with. ml a wmil p,is.sin>.» hetHim n.s.
" llaviiin eiiiiiyeil the kiinl Imspitality ol I >r Whit-
man ami his laily fur four days, on .Inly I'L'nil
I left for W'ail.i Walla, niter ' break last, " takini;
with me. at the (lucttir'.s tlesire, 11 do^ lieliiiijjiiii;
to Mr. .Mil'iain. The weather contiiiiied iiilen.st'ly
Imt. and I had not lidleii niiii'e than an hour ulicn
I iili-erved the | r iiiiiiiial in a stale of extremeeX'
h.'insiiiiii. sii that i reipiesled my man to place hiin on
his liiirse. lull the man feeliiii; imniu I'liieiiceil liy him
put him diiwii on the ;;riiiiiid, ami in a few miiinles
afierwanls the punr liriile lay dnwii and died, iictiially
.sciii'i lii'd to de.'ith hy the Iniriiiiii; s iiiils.
'• I >n the diy alter my ani\.il at tlii> fort, a hoy. one
.if the .suns I'.f I'lo lien .Miix-.M.ix, the chief tif the
W'alla-W'allas, arrived at IIhp camp close to the fort.
lit! wa.s a few days in inlvaiicti nf u war party, heinlcd
hy his tiillier, and ciini|iii-eil of Walla W'alliLs and
Kye into liidi ins. which had heeii alisent eighteen
months, and had lieeu aliiM^t (.'iM'ii up liv the trilien.
ilii^ piily, niimli. liiiif L'lii) men, had stalled fur ('all-
fiirnia fur tin' pui|i">i' of re. en ^i 111; the dtiitli of 11 not her
Kiili of the chief uhn had In en killed hy some t'alifor-
iiiaii emigrants, and the messenger now iirrived. hriii^-
ing the most disii-tiims tidiiig.s, not mily of the total
failure nf the expeiliiiiiii. Imt al.so of iheii sulhringM
and thti'iitions liy siikm^s. Hearing thai a me.».sengcr
Ma-i coiiiiiig ill aerie's the plains, I went to the Inlian
camp, ami was there at his arri\al. No siiniier had
he ilisiiiiiiiiited fiiiin hilt Ii'U'm' than the w huh' camp,
men. wi.iiieu, ami children, sni ii'iimleil him, eagerly in-
ipiiiing after tlnir alieiit fiieiids. a^ they hail hitlnrlo
liiined no ili|elii;;ilice, licMilid a lepnlt that I lie
piily hail lieeii cut iilf l,y liii>ii|e tiilies. II is ilnwncast
hs'ks and F^ileme cuiilii'mi d the fears that .siuiie ilir«
calaniily niU'>t liive happem il, eml they set up a Iri'
■III ndiiils IimuI, uliile he si I Hijei.l ami ilcjeiteil, with
the Itars strcainnig tlnwii his face. At leiiglh, after
much coaxing and ininaly on their pari, he (.nni
nieiiceil the I"' ilal of ihiir iiii-liirliines.
" .\fter de>i liliiiig the priigriss of tin' Jmirney up to
the time of ihe'liMase (the nici^les), m.ikiiig its ap
pear.iiice, during u In h he w;us lisiemd to in hrcalli-
less sill nee, he lieiiaii to name its victims one .ilier
iiiinlhcr. On theliisi name heinif ineiiiium d, a teriitie
h'lwl I'lisiied. the uuuien loosening their hair, iiiid gi's-
ti< iilaliii>( in a must Mnleiit iiiaiiiier. When this had
Hiili^idcil. Ill', after much per^iia^inii, naim d a secniid,
and u tliird, until he had itiined iipuiiiils ot thirty.
Tilt' HJIIIK! hcemi of iiiteiiM' grief fnlliiwed llli) llielltinll
nf e.nli name. pri-.i'iiting a inene, which, accn.slniin'il
as I wa.s to I mil. Ill life. I must cnnles'i all'iiliil inn
ileiply. I xinod clnso hy them on a lug. wiih the in
ti'ipri Icr (if lliit ftil't, whit explained to me the IniliaiiH
sl.itemi'lit, which occupied iie.uly three liiiiirs After
tins the excitement im iiaseil, ami appreheiisions weru
• iil''rlaiiici| at tin' furl, that it mi'.'ht had to Home
hi-lile iiiiiveinenl iigaiiist the e^l.ililisliim nl. 'I'lii.^
leal, liiitteMl', wa.s gl'iiuiidle.-.N. as the Indians knew
the distinetinii hetueeii the lliidsiiii's Kay < 'nmpaiiy
and the Aliieriiaiis. Thev imiiicdialelv sent muMM^ii'
iidor tlifne
to ntttii'i'.
wdiilil Ki't
III Hit. llll'V
wimlil hiivti
hiM iiiiiiiner
rliii'f, mill
t Willi IIS.
l»i, Wliil
July -'•-'ml
Ht, tiikiii^
[ lii'liiiiKiiii;
il iiiti'iiwly
liiilll' ulirll
•xliriiic fx-
lai'i' liiiii <'»
nil liy liiiii
IW lllillllli'M
I'll, itctiiiilly
, II liov, Olio
•liirf of till'
to till' tiift.
iirly, lirailril
WiilliLs :uiil
lit I'igliti'fii
,• till! Irilifs.
I'll ri.r<'iili-
ill iifiiiiollier
ioiiu- Ciililbr-
rivi'il.lii-ilig-
ol' till' total
il siitUriii^H
I 11 iiii'>.--i'ii(;i'r
II till' lii'lian
I Miuiii'i' liiiil
wlioli' riilll|),
I, I'li^i riy iii-
liuil liiilii'i'tii
lit iliat ill"
llli.si|owiir«Ht
it MilIK' liil'fi
yi'i ll|l II tri-
I'i'ti'il, uitli
|i'ii!,'ili, iit'lir
III, 111' I-
.unicy ii|i to
Km;,' its lip
,, III liiiiitli-
I. Ill' llltiT
III d, u liliil'ii'
|iiiii, mill p'l
I II tills liml
[<l II s 111.
I, ol lliiity.
Illll' llirlltloll
11. rll^lollll'il
Illll I'll il mil
Iwiili till' iii-
I lilt' liiiliiiurt
,111 s AttiT
I'lisiuiis wtro
ml til Koliiil
liiiiil. 'I'lii.H
li.liiiiis kiu'W
iiy ' 'oiiipany
t lit IIIUNWII-
FROM THE ATLANTIC TO TllH PACIFIC.
888
L'rr-i hi fvi-ry ilirM'tion mi hoisclmrk to sprniil llic of mi imiiiy liiiiil', .Mr-i. Wliiiiiiiiii. Iniiiiiii; llic
II. w.-i i.r till' ili.s.iMli'f iiiii.iiii» all till' iii'i^'lilioiiritiK .-.liriik.s iiml ;;ioiins of ilir il\iin;, looknl mit of tin'
trilics. iiii'l .Mr. iMrliiiiii ami I li> lli roii^iiliii'il tlial wimlow, aii'l was Klmt tliioii.-li llir lnriiNt liv a son of
|)r. Wliiliii.ili ami liis family W'Hilil In' in ynut tlio i l.jif. Imi not inoilally moiiihI.iI .\ paiiy tlirn
ilitiiiji'i'. 1, tlii'i-i'foi'i', tlrtriniiiKil to jifii mill warn liini i ii .|ii'<l up ^inr-, ami ili'>piilrlii'i| tin- m pin w on tlio
of what Illll oTiirii'il. It w,i^ si\ o'llork in tlir ^po(, ilra.,-;., i| liiii|..Hn li\ tin- liair of lur In ad. and,
I'M'iiin^' wliiii I nl.illid, liiil Iliad a ;,' 1 lioi'si' aii'l lakiin,' Inr lo I lii' (V,,nl of tin' li"ii>i', iiiiilijatid Inr in
iiiiivi"! Ill liis lioiisi' in tliiri' lionis. I told him of (In' a .^l king iniiiiiii' with (li.ir kni\rs and lonialiawk.-'.
ai rival of I III' inr.-*''i'lis;i'r and tin' ('Xiiiiinriit of tlii' " 'I'lnri' was nnr man w lio h.i.l a w ifi- lud lidilin. On
liidimis. and advisi'd linn ■.ii'onnly t'l c'liui' to llii' tori, tin- rumnii'ii' riniiit of tin' alli.iv In- lali to Ini' loom.
lor II wliili' at Irast, until tin' Indians liiid rooli'd and, takiir^ In r up in liis ai iii.^, call iid In r iiiipciriiMil
diwii, liiit III' H lid III' had livid .so loll:,' aiiioiiirsttlnin, l.y tin' I ndi.ins lo ihr lliiik liii.--lii'H tli.it -kiitid tlio
and had doni' mi niiii'li for lli.'in, that hi' did not appro riviT, and liiinicd on with his Inirdrii in tin' diinlion
lii'iid tiny W'liil.l injiiri' him. I li'niaint"l with him of l'"orl Walla-Walla I lavin;,' n-ai'liiil a diislaini' of
(inly an lioiir , mil ha-liiiid liark to till) fori." fifliiii inihs, hr liiiimi' -o cxlian^lnl llmt, iinalli' to
\\'i' will not inti'iriipl llio pro:,'ri'ss of this .sad story larrylnr fnrtliir, ho coiirialid In r in a lliiik rliimp
hy till' ri'iilal of Mr. I'.iiil Kmn's aihintiiii's in tl f linslns on ihi' niiiyiii of tin' liMr, mid haslrind In
intrrini'diali' prriod, hut li't tlii' liarialivi'of this dismal I ho I'm t for assi-.laiiri'.
tragi'dy run mi. "Oiiliis mi'i\al, Mr .M'H.iiii iiiiniidiati Iv m lit out
".s'.y./. //(/" ;' l'l.1^ — Thii, I'Vi'iiiiio two iiirli arrivi'd from nirii with him, and iiioii'^ht li.r in. I^ln had |i,rln-
Walla Walla, and my grirf and honor ran ho will n.itily siillin d liolhiii:,' iii"ii' than ti iL;lii Tl ■' niimhri'
imaginrd. wlnn tlwy told mo tlin sad ind of th killid, inrlinliim i)r. and .Mr>. Wliiliiimi, aiii' iintcil
Hilhwhmn I had -o latily hi'iii a i'lii'ri>lii'd f;iir>l li in foiirli'iii Tlin otlior I'linalrs and I'liihlirii wrru
appears tli.it tlio p.irly hrlor.' mi'iilioiii'd hid liioiii.'lil lani'd ilf hy tlin Indian^, iiinllwo ortlnni Wi ri- firlli-
llir moasli's lunk willi tlniii, and thai it -pioad with with l.ihi n a^ wivi- l.y Sil aw kito s >on iiinl iiiioUnr.
lVi;;litfiil r.ipi. lily tlir.in..,'h llio ni'i;;lilionrinL,' IiiIh's. Inn A man iinployid in i lil' lo mill, fiiminL; ii part of
nimi' pan Iriil ii ly anion;,' ilin K M' iim'^. i)r. Whiiman I ho c^lal.li.^hiin'iil, w.is spin id lo woi k thr mill lor I ho
ns a ini'diral in in. .lid all In' r.nihl to >l.iy its proori >s ; liidian>.
hilt owiii;; to ihi'ir injii'lii-ioiis iiiodo of liviiii;. whi.h " 'I'lii' day following llio awful liagnly. a ('ailiolii'
Il iild liol pi'i'Vail on tln'iii In I'l'lin.piiNli, gro it linin prii-l. w lio had not In aril of I In- niii>-in'i'i', ."lopj id on
111 Tsof tlii'in ilii'd. .\t tlii". tiiiii' till' l>.ii'tiir's lainilv >. . ini,' llio inaiiglrd loipsis .slnwn lonnd llio lioiisi.
r.ili>isti'il of him^i'lf, his wifo, a inpliiw', with Iw'i .md ivipir^lrd pii iiiL'-sii ii tn hiiiy ihrin, w hi. h he did
oi tliri'i! sirvanls, and wvi'i-.d I'liildii'ii whom lo' with tlio rilis of his own ('liiiii'h. 'jhi' piiini-sioii
had hiimainly adoplrd, left mpliaiis hy tin- d-illi ..I was gvanlid nioii' ri ailily, as ihi' Jinliiins wi ir fi ii nilly
tlnir pali'iils, who had dio.l mi tin !•' way to I lri':;..ii. lowariK tlio ('alholir Illi^^il.|laril s. (l|i llio pi ii ^t
ln".iili'M 11 Spanish half hi'ii'il I.. 'V, whom 111' had liioni,'ht hav iiig tin- phn c hr iint, at a dislami' «.! IiM' or -.i.x
lip for .si'vi ral yiars. Thiri' wori' likrwi-i' >iviial niih ■-, a hrmlnr mi^^ionaiy of tlm drna-id, a Mr.
f.iliiilii'S of I'll! iu'I'a Ills St lying with him, at llio linn', to .'<|ialiliii.i.', tin' liold of w hoM' lalmiirs lav iil.< ni a loin
risl and ri'lVish thi'in-i'lvi'^ ainl si't th'. .Ind niili.s (ill, at a phni' on the IJivor ( 'oldwali r. Iln
"Tlin liidiins siipposi.l lh.it tin' doi'tor rmil.! Iiavo I'mnniiiiiiratid to him the mi lam holy fate of lii-^ Iriclid.s,
•-layi'd tlin colli' f ihi' inala.ly ha. I ho wished il : and aiKii^i d him to lly as fa.-t ns po^sillll', or, in all pro
Illll tiny wi'i'c I'oiilirnii'd in this hi'liil hy the Spini^h l.al.iliiy. ho would ho mioihir \iitim. lie uavo him a
h.ilf l.ri'i'd hoy, who told smiir of lln'iii, tliiil In.' had sliaio of his pio\ i^imis, mid .Mr. S|alilii.',' hniriid
ovorliraid till' doi'tor say to his wilo, al'iir llioy ha. I lioincward, full of appriln nsioiis for thr .'-ali ly ol his
ii'liii'd fir til.' night, that ho w.nil.l ■j.''\-- tlii'in liad own family; l.iil. niilortiiiiali'ly, his hor.'-r < si a| id fiolii
I.I. .Ii. ill!', an. I kill .ill llio linliaiis. iliii ho inii^lil him in tho iiii:lit. and, iilii i a -ix dav.s' ti ilsoinc inan h
appropiiato tlii'ir land In liimsclf 'I'lioy ai-.or.linu'ly mi tool, having lo>l his way, heal hnulll i. inhr.l llio
cln'oi'li'd a plan to drslriy tin' do. t.ir ami his wilo. hanks of tho riMi, hut on llic o| po^|||' .side lo his own
and all the males nf the cslalili^hii elil Willi this In. use.
..I.jei't ill view, ah.iiit sixty of lliein arine.l ihem-cUi"- " In th.- iha.l of the idlIi'. in a stale ■. I ^laivation,
and lanii* In his hmise. The iniii ile>. Ii.iv ing ini mi-- hav iiig lali n iiolliing tor thii edats, cm r\ lliing si eiiiing
pi.'ioll of any h.istile intenlioli, Wero loially iinprepan d In he ipiiel ahmit his ow n place, In- ( allli.llsly cinhai kid
tor rcsisimn r lliglil. hr. and Mrs. Whilinaii ami in ii Miiall 1111101', ami pinldltd inro'-H (he river. lUlt
llieir nephew, a ymilli of ahmit seveiilii n or cighleeii lie had no sooner lainhd than mi Indian Bci/.i d him,
Mar- of m,'i', weie silling in the parlour, in the aller ami ilrai,'ge.l him to hi.-, own hmiM', whiie ho toiind all
ii.ioii, when Sil ,iw kite, ihechi.f, andTn ma Lnsi'iiti'ied lii> fainiiy |iii-.inii>, and the Indi.nisin lull po-..i'.s>ioii.
ihc mmii, and mhlressing ihe d". tnr, lohl him very Tlii-e Imhans wiieinl of the .-amo tl ihe with tlm.'-e
. oolly they had eomo t'l kill Inni. The doctor, imi wh.i had dc^tioM-d l>i. WhiimanV family, nor had
lielieviiig il pos-ihle lli.it they coiild 1 ntortaili iin\ ih.y at all paitnipatcd in tlio diitiage ; I. lit having
hostile intciilions towards him, toll them as miich , li.'.n .1 of it. and !• aring the w hitcs Would im Inde tliiiii
I. Ill whilst III tlio act (if speaking To ma kiis drew a in their m no.ance, liny had sei/cd mi the family of
Imnahawk frmn iimhr liisrol"', and hiii icd it deep in In- Mr. f^paMim; hir the pnipo-e of holding tlnni a.s lios-
l.rain. The nnt'orliinate man fell ilea. I frmii his cliair la._'i-. for their nwii .safety. Tho laniily \»cro tuiin
Mrs. Whilinmi and th.' nephew thd up stairs, ami Jiin d ; mid lin w.iH (iverioyed tn lind tliingM no wor-e.
locked thcmsclvcH in'n an upper rnmii. ".Mr. (.)gden, the chief liiclnr nf the II mlson's Hay
'• In the moaiitimc. Sil aw kite gave the war whoop, a.^ t 'miipany 1111 1 lie ( '..liimhi 1, iinmedialely onlniiiing ol
a --iumil In his part V outside to proceed in the Work ot the outrage, ciinc I'l Wall.i Walla, and, nil limigh tin*
dcMrmtioii, which they did with tin; fcroi-ily uml M'lU occiiricme took pi.icc in the territory of the I'nittd
F
i!i I
m I
Sfl4
ATX ROUND TllB WORLD.
Sl.ili-. 111.1 111, -.1111^ ill.' ^iilTcnrs il.l liiivi' nil fiiillirr
chiiiii t I till' |>i..ii'i'li I til. I' I'Miiv tliiiii «iii'li a"
||IIIIKIII|1\ .III Illnl, III' at iilirr |.lllrlll-i| lIliMilr. l'
:ill III.' |iriM>iii'i''<, mill tViiiii tlii'iii |iiii'lii'iilai'- <il iIm'
nil--- ii Ti' «i'ii' iil'ii'i'iViiiiU iil.i.iiiitil. Till' liiili iii>. Ill
ihiir in'K.'ii iti"M> Willi \lr tii;il'-ii, nllriiil t.i (.-ui- ii|.
till' |ii'i»iiicr'« I'lir lioll'iiii,' It' 111' wmiM i;ii"''ii'" 'lii'
llii' l'ii|iii.| Sliili's WiiiiM Mill «.! Ill war «illi llinii. Inn
(tli~. Ill I' iiir'M', 111' I'liiilil II. il ilii."
I'll .11 lii> li'iviiiK' SN'alhi W'allii. iilnl iliirilii; Hi.' in
li'i'v.iK 111' ilii-- ili'iii il i'|iiiiiili'. iiiir IraM'IJi r iimk iln-
iiiii'i'>'<«»ii'a r |iiii"ii ill' |ir.i.'ii'iliii!,' in r..|\jlli'i li\ iIh'
(JriliiU "ill li rtllli'lli III' ^I.N'ii ll'illl ill"' a|i|iraiaiin'i.rilii'
tUii I'MI'i'lllllii'i, <>ri'lllrll III liaM' 111 I'll a rnnili'l' In. I III I III'
I'.ilii la KiM'i . iiml 111 lliii I'll'.rl III' lill ill. I>'i.il^,
aii'l M'aili'il Willi I hall lil'i'i'l iillr'l I'miliV. ami Iw.i
riiliiii; li'ii'T't. I'.\ iliili Iraviiii; llir I'Imt. ImwrMr. Iir
w.ii 'li'^Illir.l t'l ^lllli r -riililv lliilll lllir-l Till' III I
laki llii'\ I'liiii' I" «'i'< -ill. ami ill" -.I'l iiiil -^waii I
Ml uilli |n'lii-aii:< lliat tlii'ir ijiilii; liail m nli llir uatir
^'U'lii ami lliii'k. Till' 1 iti'v, jji'lH I'.illy s|iial«iiiu'.
H i> a liairrli. saiiilv iji'sri'l. Tlu'l.' Willi'', Imli i I In
111' iiiHi'li Irt* avail ilili' laml in llii' V illrv i.t' iIh'
Ciliiiiiliia lliaii ill llial 111' Fi'i/it's l{iwr, iHi. il llir
l'..l'1111'r I' liV I'll- I 111' lllnit i'\li'll-IM' .\Mi'l' Millli' lilllil
tlii'V .1111 Mil al all iiiiiiii'ii-i' 'jillly .>r .Irii'l ii|i waliT
riiiii'-i', Willi liaiik'< si'Vi'ii til i'it{lil liiiii'li'i'il li'i'i liiuli.
lii'VHi'l wliii'li a liait^iliii' aiii|iliillii'ati'i', lia\ iii'.; in its
ii'iitif .1 liiMiii 111! ni'i'i'ii ■.w'.inl, .III. I a -mall lakr nl
ii\.i'lli'iit wati'i-. Aii.itlii'l' Iiiiiu lia>.ilii. will li'il till'
wav III till' liraiiil I'.nili'l iuill'. .i u.ni.lii'riil '.-iilly aliitit
• nil' liiiliili'i'.| an. I liliv iiiili'> miu'. an. I li'inii mii' iiiili' In
.1 niiii* ami a iialt wnii-. aiiil williil ii{i in in iliv |ilai'i'->
Willi .in iiiilir.iki-n li-iiiilli. IvmhIv iiiiU'i l.ni','. nl |m'1'-
|ii'iii|i. ill.ir li.i.'>all. .'I lli.iii^aii't li'i't liliili Tlii'ii' ran In'
lin il'itilil iilil- liavili:.' Im'i'Ii iIii' Im'.I III ill' I 'i.liiiiiliia
iii'i'V I'lii- I'l - iiiii' :.'i'i.|iii!i'al i li.ur.'i' nl |iir.iinilv
r.'i'.nl .|;.ii'. liv w'lii'li llir luii w 1- .1. ii|. 1 . ll.iw .il a
lll'|i|ll nl l.'iW MillH' I'l'MI' nl- ll\i' llllll.ll'.'l li'i'l lii'inw il.
Till' llnll.. 1,1 .il' ill.' *' llii'» W.l- li\.l..ll..| ..Villil Willi
IllVlll'lillt JIM-1. i'\'.-|.l W lli'lr ill'.. k. 11 In IIIUnilMi'
riH'k". wliiili wi'ii' mill' -11 iii.im iii.iriii'.n- I'mky
isl.iinl'-
111 Xt il.lV A 1^11 I llll . .Ml Tllll Km.' I'nllnWl.l
li{, llll' ...,ir-. .il till' (iiMi.il t'.iiili't, aliwil'li. il Ml a.iliii
1 r..Utlli' I* a \v.«i.l.'ii r.rt III' l.triji' *i/.-. ■II.-1..S..1 utli im-kiN
Hii.i lifi.'iiiM, rill' li -ii«.'* ;iri' I.I .-.nl ir, ii.'.»il_* liiiill mill «.-ll-
liiriii*i.."i : .mil t'.ir nil if plili'i' l.|.:|t» il 111 'fi' riiiitiirl.tt...' ii»i'i'i'l
lliuii iiiiy . >i ilil:»liiiii'iii I'llwii'ii il ••■ll'illl. I lli'il Itiii'r. Il -IhimU
tiUi.iil .1 ,ii-)i- t'ri^iii III.' ii.'itr. -1 |Hiiiii .Il til- rii.iiiiili;,!, .mil iiUiiit
l».» null'- t'l 'iit'i.' 1 h iii'luTi' Ktitl- .^lii'tf ■Miliii'.ti .ir.' *>i iiltiin
iliiiit. lliil il- iiiilliv ii» l.ii'i'*. ».iiiit. Ill Ill-Ill w.'-j+i ri^ ii|i\MirilH .if
'Ml 111* , li.ivi- l"-t"i i*.itr.;lii ill Hill' ills u llll ;i Hiiii^li' l..i*ki't. Hi-
Iw.'i'ii till' »iilni..ii III' tlim ii*i-r mill Uii' li*ti ..f llii' wim.' imiiii' in
Kii.:l ml, tli'Ti. ii).|i«tini l'. U' a uliifiil .lillcri'iti'ii, TIh- llr*ii nl' iIh-
i.ipiiiiT i« I. lull', wliili' it- lii-.iil i- iii.ir. I, .iki mill 1--«H |i'iii'li'il 1
li'il il* ll.n-iiir til III,. ]ir.i|ii-r -i- i-.in in .1. ■.■ .m*. i)»,- ...ij armiiiil
( '"Il llll' in niiiiil\, ii. Ill t Il.l .-;.iiiiil.' i« -*. I, 't mill ilrv Iiml 1 lii-i',' ii
till.* M1IMIII iiii'.iiiii II ui'l .III,- li-irillv iiiiv ni-ti I'll! n.;, Ull-i tin'
. xii'pl IIIII 111' iH'r.i-iiiiiu) -li-.ii.-r-. ill upriii-.' -iitil iiiiliiiiiii. N'-i .. il II-
►lllllilill;,; tliriM* ili-.i.lviiMt.i/i--, llii*riirni i--iv*itiiirv;|l.l\ priiilii liv.-
i-ii'ili* tlirivo wi'll, V iiili- il.. -iiiin iiTi* n-iii-liiit llll- nil- lit,
nil ill »i'i,:li» trim nitti I'll. -I' III •iTi\ llll- p II lU II lii|.|ii-l.
yi.'liU iu.*iiik' .ir 1liirt> I I'lni . iimuu' ai'.n lliuiit-lu'a. Iml .l-> <
mil ri|i.-ii iiiilil till' iiiiiiiili il •^'|itwiili"r; |i..iiii>,i->. |« ,i.. nn'-,
lull- 1, iiiriii)!-, IIM4.HII., t iimU-n. itv^ |ilriililiil r.i',iill.* •t.iii.U
III l;ititii.l.* -IH' Ii7 li.irtli. *li.' w.wfi'r U-inj inmiv il.-iri-.'.'- in l-k r
III. HI tlitil ti till' -mil.* |Mnilli'l im *ii.- i'h-i -.,1.' . I' tin iiiiiimi.iiii-
Aiii..nininl>' Willi iliMm uillii' iii-i£iil>>urhii,i<l.it'ili.' lurt iir.' ili.'
I.. I'lniitlii*- till- lii|.iiii, till' iiiiiiik • liiaHl .iiiU III.- liiilimu, ill
((ri'iit iiH — 1-
nilinn nf it« lii'iiiity ninl Kfiimli'iifi ■iM-iiniinj; a'< il iliil
a lirw ii'lHi'l III' ilirlr.i'-ril wililnrs.s ami iniigiiilirrin r at
iM'i \ nun, Tl.iii' »a- h|-,,,.i nl ilir lii'>t ijiiality I'nr
llll' Iml-l'l.. llrli. inils >|irill;,'H ^n-lllll',' tlnlll tlll> I'lH'k.'l,
tiliirli iiliii.i-'>l li'iii|i(i'i| linn 111 |ii'n|ii|i;; lii-t --tav at llii>
li-k nl -111 \iil lull. Il Wii- imt until tin' cMiiiliK nf
till I nil llial III' iinliHi u'l il I'l.iln tin ;.'i.|'i.'r nl' lliiiihtil'
I'l inln'i- lilt iiii'. ami -iiu lln' iiii..lilN iIm-i llnuin); lit
1. 1-1 In I- lllimlli- 1 llll 1,1 jnW llllll. '•Till.'. liM'l',"
-.11- Ml I'-iiil Km.'. ' r\ri-.-i|.s ill ^l .ilnlrlll' iinyiillirr
|iilll.l|'-, 111 llll' UnlM. hill -.Il llinrll lli'lll its Vnllimi' of
w.ili'i', altliiiiii;li til. it in iliiiiii'liM', a> t'lnlii tin' I'nliiiilitii'
w ilillli— < nl It-, ^lll|ll■|ll|llllK llllll I'M'! Mll'y ill;; Ml 11 nil II I-
ilii{ .s, i'lii'i'\ . ii,,w Invurili'.' ill Mi'iu rii|i| I'll Imniiil iliih
lli'iii-amlH 111' li-i-l lii-.;li. ami iinw .sii.kiiin ju iimlnliiiiii;.
I. ir.iri". til till' U\< I .il ill'. 1 .1 llllll u.il.'i>. '
• hi till' Mil nf .\iniii-l. .Mr I'iiiil Kaiii- iiiiiMil lit
I '.-Kill.', at'li'i' il iiiiii'iir\ w llii II w.l- iiiti'ii.li-il Willi mi
-iiiall iiinniiiil •>( ilillii iillii'-. mill In' iriiiaimil llniii
lill ill t till' 1.'1'||,| III' .Si'|il.-iiil.Kl-, uln-ii III' sl.iit.'il I'nr
tin Inirky Mnlllit. litis. I Mil inn lii- -.lux lit I'nhillli,
llll' -il.l I'M'iil m-iiiiii'.l al Williil Williil till til.' Iiitli
nl I l.tnll.'!', till' ratlin - I'l'iirllril I'liiit l'!lirillll|illll'lll
willnnil any m .i.l.'iit, ami mil' liaMllii' \«iis ili liiiii.'ii
tli.'i-.' nil llll- /.l-l. wiiiiiii;,' llir till' liii^iiil.' fii 'ill llir
.'ii-t III w.is ill II imtli rliilil.il til stall with I'mir
Imli-insaml lil'i.-. n luinliil lini'-i-. .'iiraiii|iili^ tin- lir-t
lili;lil ill tin- tiiiii.ili I'liilliir. Till' I'nail tin- lirxt iliiy,
tlii'.iin;li till' i'ninti ili- llni-, was nliniil lln- unisl. In-
siv-. Ill' liail I'M-i iiimIIiiI. liixiiinl this iiiii.' lliii
ii-i.lil i.r till' (iliilnli till.', uliiili was iirr.,|ii|.li-ln i|
Inlnli -Illi-.-l. illl lliill^ll till' .sIli'W ll-ilrlll il ll|i In tin'
liiii'>i - -nil--, llllll llll I'-iily urn- i-milil.il In i-m'aiii|i
niir.' iiinii- mill' till t niiiiiiiit.'. s riiii.-li liiiw I, illnl at
till' ni.iit «,iiii |iailiii^ 111 IWi-i-ii llll' wi-l illnl llll'
.iLsl
i'liinioH llllni' Wil- fa|iii|. llltllnllU'll till' -linW l-lV
ili'i'ji III |iii'l-. Tlnii' was. lii-l, till' I irainl Hatlili', ami
llllll till' I iiiiinl.' Tiii\ I'l-r. lli.-i- t 'iiiiiiiliaii I'll//";/' </;'-«'
iiiiiiii- 1 1, ill-,' Mii:^iiliii ly ili'-ri ipln I . < tii tin' -illi nf
Niivriiilii 1, lln-y li-arlii'il llm .\l IiiIlim il II i\ ir. u liirli
Mil- nun II llnmliil, iiii'l ,I.i>|h r s Iji.ii-.- i ii tin' litli,
ami H 111 1 1', iis nil llll- |iii\ii.ii- .11 i-iiMiiii. i.iir liiiM'llir
L'"t -I r.'.l-t nil il .llllll. .11- lin.lllltillll -llll|i- Till'-.'
illlllllll- illii'llll'l III till' lli-i'^lll.'illl llniiil .Ml Killii-
-ays li,' ...iitii.'l a- 111. my as li\i- l.ii;;r llm k- ura/ilii; in
ililli Ti III iliri rlini,- li-.iii llll' Il 1- at iilii' tiiiii'. Tiny
all' .'nil-ill. -nil. ly l.in.'ii' lli.m il,,iii. -tii- .slnip: lln'ir
Inilli- all' al-n \ i i-\ l.ii-i,i , w 1 i m i' tln-y iiii' lalli-l " Ini:
llnllll'il sill I'll. ' all'l 1 111 il' I Hilt snlili-U llll |'l'-l'll|i,|i s 111
ti'Mni'i' illnl I'll II' llll' l'i>il llll r. lull a liltli' ilaiki'i'
l''i'.iin .1 i-|ii-i - l|i,ii-i' till' jniirm y was ...nlinni.l in
-lli'W -1 Willi il..:; -Iiil^'i's tnr tin- |i.li k< (Ml tin*
l.lili 111 .Sin. lull. T. tli.y iiain.'sM'il tlnir ilnys ami liiii
llllll',' ■ Willi II w mil ' iiji till' laki' ill.' -I. i|ni'> siiiiii*.
til Ill III-,' in tlnlll nf till' ilni;- llllll il llllll. I 111 hllnW
l-ll\i'|..|ill|n till' llll'll, wlln .'iilllll nllly slnjl t I|1'IIImIm'--<
l.\ Imii,' iliiwii. Il.ilf Hii> mil' till' l.ik.' liny I III.'
llllll. Ill-, ami -ill iliiwii illnl l.iiil il siiinki' 'llll' Inilialis,
wlirli tlii'V rniiii' In ill', III- li.ii'il lii-yi II oiniw. win ii- tlio
Niniw -I Ill- In Im tiik H", iiiw.iy- tiiki' oil' tlii'ir
iiiiii'ii'..>ili- iil.Mi, iiii'l lliiM'i liaii'liinli il . Iiy tliis iiirans,
llirv |iii -.'rii' tin II iii'iiiissiiis, mill w Inn liny sit ilnwn,
tiny |iiit tin ir llll 111 llllll- till-. Tills Walking liar.'
I'.iiil. 1 nil in' in -II. li int. II-.' nlil wiiiilil m'iiii il.iii^,'i'riiiiii
tn llll- im \|.irii III • il. Iiiil, in fa.'l, tin' I'l'.'t "f llm-o
wlniiiii- ii-l-nin-l 111 il .iiilVrr l -s ml'ii-wiv iImii
I luuiiN iln Imm tin.' nc- whicli alw.ixa IniniB nu llm
IIS It iliil
llii rll'i' ilt
iiiiliiy I'lr
llic iihUm,
l:i\ at tlitt
'MIlillK of
I' lllu t-l'l'
ll.iwiiiK lit
!ii.-. in IT,"
any iillii-r
Mtlllllil- of
I' riiiiiniiti)^
•■Ul'lollll I-
IM"llhl illiS
iiiiiliiliiliij);
an n 'il at
I'll \\ illi iii>
iniil tliiii'
^^a^tl•■l I'T
it CiiImIIi',
II till' i<>(li
iiralii|>l>ii'lit
I.N ili'lailii'il
U- flMlll till-
Willi l"lll'
iij,' till- lir-l
!• ni'Xl ilav,
1' \Mir-l. Ill'
. , ,111.- till'
iii|i|i-Im il
1 llll 111 till'
I" rl|r.llll|i
,.\\ I, ^iImI al
-I ami ll..'
-II.. W l,l\
'.allili'. all. I
,;/».)."/•>'
■ ."nil .'f
UT. «lli''ll
llll' I'.tll .
ll i\ llll r
|.. Tl
Ml. Kill,,
urii/iii:; iii
III'. 'rii'>
, . {. : llii'ii
ill. i • I'U
-I iiil'li> ill
iliirkrr.
iiliiiut'.l ill
On ll,.'
.^s all. I ran
!;_.,•- ■.. .nil'-
1. 1 1.1 Mi.,w
llirlliM-lMi
,v nut till-
In' liHliaii>,
« III II' 111"
.' iilV tlii'ir
111-, nii'iii,",
\ ^ll ll.lWll,
kin;,' I'ai'
1 .i.iiip'nais
■ L ,if til,, Ml
« iv llial)
a.'. "1, lli>'
: 1
TOOM TIIR ATLANTIC TO TUB PACIPIO.
88V
liiHidi- iif till' iiKirniuiii in long uml cpiick lriiv)'lliii|{, iiit not In niPiitinn t|i< nm/ >/>' ran/iil |ir<><liicrMl l>y uiilkiii|{
till' ii'i< llillH I'liriiiril rnirk'^ liilM Nliiall |iii'ri'N, uml riltM
till' ti'i'l Nnw, nil llir |iiiiiiii'y iiyiiiii, wliirli fur
iliiys wiiH iiili'i |iliil liv Iiiii4iiii'intiiii.i; m- hIiiii'|i riilyi's
(if il'l'. llU>' fluzill \VHM"<. Ill' lni|l ill', fiillllril ill |i|iirrs
wlii'i'i' till' iiM'i' uiiK ijiiiiiiiii'ij ii|>, mill llir ilaiii lii'iii^
riil't'ini iiwiiy l>,V lli>' ilinli nin ri'ut, llir n|i|>i'l' iri' ri'
liiiiiiis uitli iioiliiii;,' III Mi|i|Hii'l it. hiiy iiltir iliiy,
till' Inll'iwiiii; riiliii"' iii'iiir in tin' iiiitlnii's |iiiiriii»l : —
•• .\'iiriiiilf r \sil, t till' first Iniiilili' was, ilmi lln'ilny
Mr. KraziT Iriit iin' illn' U-st iln',' wr limli Wii» u"""' ;
III' liitil t;iiii\M'il till' I'lml iiimI lii'llnl lioini' a sriimis
liisH, iiH, lii'xiili'H liiH iisi' ill ilniwiiig tlir .slnl^i-, Wf
nii){lil uMiit til I'ut liiiii "
Tliin I'uiiir till' |ias.sii)ri' of till' (■rami lia|iiilH— a
I11IIH.S (if iiy |iiliiiarli's I'i'oiii ti'li til fnlirlirll lirt lii;ill —
with liniisi'il liiiilis ami umimlril frrt.
'• Srriiiilifr \'.>lli - Till' wati'i' liail nvrrllnwii tlm in'.
\Vi' liail to rill a way tliniii^li ii wnml, ami uiri' ^lail
tn j.'1't liiirk 111 till' sharp iri' <iti thn river. This ilay I
Hiilliri'il a t;ri'at iIi'mI ; my fi'i't wrrv so Hi'vrirly nit liy
till' Iriizrii siiiii'^s (if my smiw-slmi's that I Irll a tnuk
iif liliiiiil lii'himl nil' on ilir simw at I'vcry .sti'ji. At
iiliK ilistillH'rH in shiH'x wliirh all' iVnlii fivr In .six fret
in li'iiixth ! h'liiir ilays' muir tiavrl. still in simw-
slini's, liiit this tiiiii' with |.li'iil\ lit riil'liits mi the mail,
tiink thrill til l''ii|'l Ivllliiililull, nlltslili' i>t wllilh lillHil
liH's rmiyril m ihoiisamls clu-r tn ihr Inrt ; ilrri vmii-
tn 111' iililaiiii'il at ,'(11 I'lisy ilislanrr ; raliliils ran aliniit
ill all ililrilimi'', ami wnlvi's iuhI lyiixrs |irii\vliil iilli r
thrill all lliiiiii^li till' mifjliliiiiirin^' wunils. Srviii
iif till' must iiii|iiirtaiil mill »ar likr trilirs nii llir rmi-
timiit- tin Cii't's, As>iiirliiiiMis. riliuktirt, SiirircK,
tlliis Vi'iitlrs. I'liy ^'aiis, anil Itlnnil Imlialis — alsn rnii-
gn'Kiitc III ami iirt.' in rnnstant iniMiiiiiniriitinri with
this flirt.
'I'lii' liiitraliH'H ilnrkrni'il the |ilain, ami liiiiitinu mill
hiiiitini; slurirs wi-ri' in |ili'nly.'
Nnw lii'jjan lifr in till' Hiiiiw ; thu im ii hryaii to
yatlirr tlirir Kii|i|ily nl fn'sh mrat tiir the siimnii r in
till' ill' |iil. 'I'liis is niaiii' hy ilin;;iii); ii .si|iim'i' liolo
I'lijialih of t'liiitiiiiiin^' Tmi nr ''<l>ll liiijl'.iln iAhiisi's. Ah
siiiiii as till' ill' in thr rivrr is nl siitlirii'iit thiikiii'ss it
is I'lit iiiln si|iiiiri' liliM ks nf a Miiit'nrin si/.r uilli saws,
with tlii'si' lilnrks thrtliriir nftlir |iil is irKiilarly |iiivi'il,
iii^ht, tiny well' iilili;;ril ti> ki'i'ji liirniii;.' miiml ami ami thr lilnrks ci'iiii'iitnl Inifithir hy in'iuin^' water in
rniiml lii'fnrr thr tire
•' .Vnl'i »(/«)• L'lW/l.
whiil till" ri)i/(i(//'i/;'.i I
Iml liriii); iisi'il tn sm
Till' jiain is inli'iisi'
lil'iiki'li, ami thr I'm
each 111 her at every ninlinii,
" .ViiC. H(/ic|- I'll'. — l{i\er
this always yiveii niir ilie
),'Uiill' ail\iseil lis lint ti
tn keeji llii'iiiselves I'rmii Iree/iiii,'.
This iiimnini,' I fmiinl llial I hail
■ill inn/ (/(' ruii/i/i/. This is frniii
w shnes It is fell at till' itiste|i
It feels as if the linlies were
\l'\i eil^i'H were f;rimlin^' ag.iiiisl
' ilaiiinieil ii|i. We hail ii|i tn
i;s tiiml I'Mi'y ilay, hut my
ilii sii any ninie, 'is he hail
kiinwn i|o<,'s ii.iM'l fur ti/eiity ilays uiihmit fniHl, mi I
everv mime we imw hail was tun |ir>'eimis In give
them, I'Mii if they ilieil ; .su I lie jiiHir lirutes were tieil
il|i sii|i|ierli'^s, ami tin ir m.islers went In lie<l with halt
illlnwanee.
'• S"i'(iilirr'l\th <t|piii water. HI the river; ihrmiuli
the VMxiils ai^aiii ; eaiiie liai k In river mi a liiijli Kaiik ;
tnrtieil liver sleilge aiiil liag^age, ami then |iililii'il ihe
|iiiiir lings after ; rnlleil, seianilileil, ami tell ilnwn
lilirsilves.
" ,Vmi ;/i/icr I'.'W'/. Ixiver runniiii,' lapiil ; nliligeil to
eiieaiii|> . the men w islieil In si aiify .Mr. Kane's iiiNti'|i
Willi a gnu llint, to ea.se his jiaili. Our |>iiiir ilogs
liHiki'il sn sav.ige ami stiirveil, that we liail to lie their
hiail.s elose u|i to the tiee.s, tearing lest they might
gnaw the strings, ami make ntl'
•• Xiii-i ml" I 'Ji'illi. Trieil river , dogs ami sleilge went
through ire ; were tisheil out, ami r.in forty miles in
the ilay.
■' .\,,i-i'iiilier '27 ill - .Mr Kane Irieil to w.ilk wilhmit
HlioW'slliies ; I'ell thrmigh iee ; got mil . |iiislieil nn ill
wet elnlhes, thmigli sorely rhafeil with iee to st«y was
to starve.
" ,\'iiri inlii-r '2f^l)i. — Up early ; there was nothing In
I'nok, anil no hreaklast to eat. Tortureil with m<i/ lA
rni-i/iiit , wmimleil with iee insiile stnekiiigs. an eighth
of an ineh every ilay from the freezing of the per
xpiratioli ; lireak'. ami feels like sharp gravel in shoes,
tlhligfil to hall, tlioiigli we know the fort was neur.
tshualil they eal ilng ( No , ilogs were too thin."
''lithe ".'Dill of Novemher. at four o'eli.i k in the
aflt riiiKin, they reaeheil l''mt .Assiiielioine, li.iv ing tra
vellpil three hiimlreil ami tifty miles in lilleeii ilays,
kinid Jitlieulties fntigiius, iitiil privaliuim of all kiml8,
lietvveen tl em, mill allowing them to freeze so
like liiminer the walls are sniiilly Iniilt np tn thu
siirtiiee nf the grmiml. The lieail liliil feet of the
linllain, when killeil, are eiit nil', ami the emea.ss, wilh-
mil lieiiig Nkinneil, is ilivideil into ipiartei... ami pileil
' Ki'VV lillllitlnfttnriiH, wllirll tlllVi' Illeli I'er tlll'it' lieriu'ri Ullil llllllil-
lui',, ii> vielims, jm^M'SH kllrli ieli'ri''t in* one iil' ii f utline iiinl Init)
linlil iiliitfil I'.v I'lii'tuiii I'iiUi-ir i.Vr |i. 'M<'') in Inn "Si.lili.n
Ilniilir': " .Vlmiit llni'i' nieiilli', I'l'i-vinits in mv iirriviil 111 I i it
I'lliiili, mill III tlie llri>;lll <•( llie linlliiln liri'i lllUk' M'llHUl, Vll'ill
ilti-n hiills lire i-niiii'tiiiii'M MTV t\i'rir, J I H' WHS liikiiii; the I'lut
I'niiin Lull, Willi ii riirl. iiiln ii imii t mi tin' livir iiIh.vi' ihe Inrt,
in iiriliT In ilnivv liniiii> u limil < I wih>i1, wliicli Iniil Urli prrv intmly
rut iiinl piliil reinl.v I'nr tntn-finrtiilinn llie iliiv Ih Inn, vvinn ii vi ly
hir^'i' I'M liisnii liiiil sIihkI ri^lit ill till' nii'l tnnl, imwini; n|i tie
i-iirlti. mill rnitrini;, ri'tiilv In iiis|iiitc llir jmikkii^'i' uitli liim. lin n
nniriT ii)')iiniii'li, innti'iiil of Itvini; til tin- hi^'IiI nl llie ii.iin tl ut
iiri-ii|li|>)lliii'(l llir eiirt, tlir liiHill liillili- II lii'inllolii; illill'i;!'. ,)ni'
ll.lii lialrlv tniir In I'i'lliiivi' IiIh liiiU's lii'iiil hIiiIi-, mill I-"! it|<e 11)1 II
tree, I'l lliL' lltlirlv Ulnilill' I" lis.inl liis Inlir I'ih.Ih) I'liili.l, <\|i.>ni
lie li'lt tn lim nVVII ri Nelirri-K. lti''nll mill Imll. Iinvv in IIM'llllI
rniiiliiit, ini't tniilvviiv with ii shiH k tliiii iimili' tin' eiirtli tii'inl'li'.
Our pn V inn^lv iliK-ile, i;i-ntle iiniiniil iK-ciiiiie IriinMlnMiu'il intn mi
tntiiriiiti'il lii'iist, »|irnii:ini,' I'min niiie In side, »l,iiliii|' iniinil m
the liiilViiln iitteni|i|i'il In tiiki' him in Hunk, nil iiiiili'l.v n|iMitii.);
mill riifhtini: the emt ii^'iiiii, vilmh he tiiini:iil Irmii niih' In miIi',
mill vvhirleil illsillt im it' it liinl li'rll II hltlill l'i>\. ,||M', "llt'i' nut nl'
hiirin's vviiv, Innki il iliiwn rrniii the trie nl Ins rlimniiinn'* prn-
eisiliinfs, III lirst ih'|iliiiiiig tin' iliMiilviinlnp' he liilH.iin'i iiniliT,
fi'niii Is mi: hiirni'Mu'il to a eiirl ; Iml uln-n the lli;lit hml IiimIhI
Inn^ mni rmii'iis, hiiiI it vviin eviileiit llnil In.iIi innihniiints hint
ili'lerinilli'il ihill nlie ni the ntl. n slmnlll tiill. his evisl wele n|.iiii'il
In the Viilue nf 1 he |iintn in.n iitlnrilisl liv the hinm ss, uml et|n'
I I'iiiU.v hv the tliii'k shiil't- nl llii eiirt, iii;«ii »l Iheshnii Imriis n|'
till' h;«in, «h", llllllnlli:ll he tn re hlUI nViT lllnl inef il^iiin nn Ilin
liiiuneheK, ennlil nni wniiiiil Inin si'viTety. 1*11 '111* iither Ininil.
the Inin; rlim|i Imilii. nl' Ihe hrilVe Kurt I ninii hull heiiiili In till
nil the t'nniiwi'il niili'K nf his nnliipniiiit, until tin limil i'hiir):e
lirnii);hi the hlMin, nilh II liinniis Imiiinl, ileinl iiiiili r niir liirn'n
tilt, vvl.nse Inni! tiui'ilriivvii Imrii vvus iheji ilriveii intn In. inlvn.
• in " henrt. Willi II liner lllnl Ininle ihe v»ik,iI rini: imnill, iliiMli
elmiilH'ii'il ,lne, mill triiiiii|ihiinl ly eiiressint;. nl-n enrilnlly nn-
niineil, his el.ivnliiiils enin|iiiin.ili, vvhn, iiltlinu^'li lirnisiil, hlnnii,
mnl iMViTi'il with I'liiiin, hml i'iii-ii|>eil iinilijiireil. It l'ei|iiiri'il nil
,Iik'» Ilic^'iT ihsiuellee tn |ui>liiiile the hull lii leave the nlilill
ttittiihiniiiHl, nvi-r vvhniii he Iniii; HtiNsl wiili'hini:, ivideiilly iK-
js'i'tiliu' liiiii 1.1 iji't up iipiiii In leiiew ihe isiinhnl. ,lne nil the
while eimxiii); liiiii fiirwnril with " lliin denr l'"h1 hull, hini ^-o
hnlne nnvt. mill ih> nnninle wnrk In ihiv i" whii h |>li.«|iel. " illm'k
,li«',' ill .ninninii Willi nil liin whiu Imtliri'ii, aiiwnli'i ctl it tlio
aeiiie nl i-uhliiiim') I'elleit}'.
■,%.
'^^.
o^:«
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)
1.0
I.I
140
1^ m
•^ 1^ 1 2.2
1.8
u m
1.25 1.4
||l.6
M
6" -
►
V'
1AV>
Photographi
Sciences
Corporatice
J3 "VEST MAIN STREET
WEr.&rER,N.Y. 14SB0
(716) •72-4503
d
rO^
\
iV
:\
\
rv
O^
'<^
o^
i:
388
ALL fiOUNl> THii WORLD.
in layers in the pit as brought in, until it is filled uj), the rising streams. They saw, on the 1st of June, a
when the whole is covorcil witli a thick cnatin}; of large ]iiirty of J ndiiins riding furiously towards them —
straw, which is again jirotcctcd fVnm the .sun and rain a war-iiarty of lil.ickfoot Indians, JJlood Indians,
Surcccs, (iiiis-X'i'ntrcs, and I'ay-gan.s. After hiding
a C'rce Indian in one of tiieir boats under the skiiij
which covered their goods — for it was against ' is
nation tlio Jnilian jiarty weie out — they went down to
their encampment, and wei-e welcomed as i'riends,
the arms, guns, Imws, and arrows, being placed at
by a .skin. In this manner the meat keeps perfectly
good through the whole summer, and I'ats much better
than fresh killed meat, being more tender and better
flavoured.
Horses aie kept for riding, selected from the wild band
of 7(tl) or 811(1 which roam about the fort, and forage for
themselves tiiroiigh the winter, by scra])ing the snow their feet in tokt.'U of amity,
away from the long grass with their hoofs. These' There was one exception. A great nuin, "Big
horses have only one man to take care of them, who i.s Snake," walked round tliejiarty, cracking and (loinish-
called the horse-keeper ; he follows them al)out and ing a whip, and .singing a war-song, evidently <lesirous
encamps near them with his family, turning the band "i' getting up a light, and reiusing to lay down hia
should he perceive them going too far away. Instinct arms with the rest, although freiiuently rec|uested to
soon teaches the animals that their only safety from , do so. At length, however, he ]pnt them down, and
their great enemies the wolves is by remaining near ' sat with the rest, a:vl taking (though with evident
the habitations of man, and by kee]iing in one l)ody ' reluctance) a t'fW ]'.u(l.s from the pipe which was going
they arc enabled to fight the bands of wolves, which the round of tiie |iarty, in token of peace, he turned to
they often drive otf after severe contests. Thus they I .'Mr. Harriett and .said, as he had smoked with the
rarely stray fai' away, and never leave the road.
A merry Christmas Day, and a wedding on Twelfth
Day. with a <lance, and then, in company with the bride
and bridegroom, Mr. Kane and party started on the
7th to Fort Edmonton, in earioles or light sledges, in-
tended tor one Jierson only, a thin flat board, about a
foot and a half wide, turned u]iin front, with a back to
lean against, covend with butlido hide. On the ll.'th
duv a divei-ting incident occurred : a herd of buffaloes
white man, he would jjre.sent him with his horse, at
the same tinn^ leading nj) a beautiful brown animal,
which I had seen him alight from on our arrival ; he
handed Mr. Harriett the las.so,
Hig Snake's brother, who .seemed *o be very proud
of hini, tokl ns the following anecdot(! ; Some time
back l!ig Snake had the free admission to one <n the
.\nu:rican forts near the Itoeky MountaiiiB. Coming
up one day, with two other Indians, to enter the gale,
had come down the bank on to the ice, and did not it was shut rudely in his face, by order of the coni-
jierceive tht! a]ij)roach of the party until the fiireniost mamlei', who had only lately arrived in the coiintrv.
sledge WHS so near them as to excite the <logs, who This his |irid(; led him to icgard as a direct iiisull ; he
rushed furiously aft^'r them, in spite of all efha-ts to I'ode away, and falling in with some cattle, that he
stop thcMi. The spii-it of the h\nit was at ouc(^ com- knew belonged to the fort, he commenced filing on
ninnicated thnaigh the whole tribe, and they were soon them, and killed thirteen. As soon as the sentinel,
all, earioles and .sledges, da.-.!iing away at a furious rate who had given the offence, heard the shots, he suspected
after the buffiloes. The fi'ightiiu'd animals, at last, the reason, and informed the supei-intendeiit, wIkj im-
niade a bold dash tlirougl
atteinpteil to scramlile up tl
the top of which the
when sliiiping, he
; 1
mediately collected his men, and .sallied out with thrm,
well armed, in the direction of the firing, liig Snake,
being on the watcti, hid himself, with his two tom-
p:ii:ions, behind a small hill.
The )iarty from the fort, a]ipreheiiding there might
be a large nuinluT of Indians hid, hesitated tr, advance
within gunshot; but a negro of the party otli'i'ecl to pro-
ceed and reconnoitre. Ap[iroachiiig the hill with great
luaslieil, and one of the men was \ cautiim, and seeing no one, he began to think they had
list they succeeded ill getting | esca]ied ; but, when within about twenty yards of the
top, I'.ig Snake sprang np fi-oiu his lair and fired,
bringing him down, ami the next moment bore oil' his
scalp, and waved it in derision towards the Americans,
A short time aflerwards Hig Snake met a largtr
]i,irty of lilackfeet, " pitching" towards the fort on a
trade. t)n his arrival amongst thein he stated what
hi! had done, and dared any (Uie toceiusure his conduct,
on ])eril of making him his enemy. Although the
band well knew that what he had ilone amounted t<'
an o]M!ii declaration of war, and voidd, of course, cut
off any communiiatioii or tra<le with the establish-
ment, nnlc.s.s they actually gave uj) Hig Snake as a
prisoner, yet they su' tciI their disaiipointment in
silence, rather than im iir the anger of one whom they
,s(i nnich fearecl. Another band (jf the same tribe,
ignoriint of the circnmst.ince, arrived at the fort a few
days afterwards. The Americans, tliinkiiig this a g<iod
way of chastising the aggressors, loadeil one of their
left for Norway House, ]iassing Fort I'itt, where i cannons witl. musket lialls, ami while the unsiis| ting
they .saw and huuted the wolves employed in devour- Imlians were standing huddled together at the gate,
ing tho cari;u.scs of the drowned butlaluc.-., 'aught b^ I waiting for udoiitlaiice, applied the fusee. Fortunately
I deep snow bank, and
steej) bank of the river,
fo'-emost one hid nearly re.iclied,
r led over ami knockeil those
behind, one on ' p ot another, down into the diep
snow drift amongst the men and dogs who were strug-
gling in it. It would be impossilile to describe the
wihl scene of uproar ami coid'usiou that ensued. Some
of the sledges were
nearly killed, but at
clear and repairing d image.
Our artist, who sei'iiis to have had a stomach f jr
sun and st.irv.itioii, as well as a |ieiicil Ibr Indians,
only stayed at Fort Kdmoiiton until the iL'di of .\]iril,
when he was lured aw.iy to Iloikv .Mountain House,
16"* S.W. of Fort Kdmontcm. on tln^ Saskatchewan,
by the news of a large ]i:irty of lilackfeet being about
to H.ssenible there. lie arrived there and fiiund it
beautifully situated on the river banks in a small
prairie, backed by the Rocky Mountains in the
distance. It is built so as to serve us a jirotecticui
against the lilackfeet, who.'^e vicious or warlike dis
position is well known. " I m.iy sta'e," says o(ir
author, carelessly, " that beds of coiil are seen pro-
truding here along the' b.iiiks of the river, similar to
that of Kdmonton." As there' was nothing to
be seen but rabbits, they so nadi; their way liack
to Ivlmonton, which ]il.ice, on the I'Dth of .May, they
-^-.. ^. , immmmmm m^
It did not explode, and tlio In.liap?., sccinsj the unusual
stir nml tlio fl.ish, l.e,.,,,,,.- alan.h.d and (l,.,l. On a
secon.l application of tla- lus..,. it dis..|,a.-g,.d its nuir-
derous pn.j,.ctil..s an.on-st the fii-iiiv,..., an.l killed ten
persons, jJi'iTUMpally women and rliil.livn
So,no tiM.e afterwanls, J!i. Suako heard that one of
the most influential Jndians of the tfihe had Idanie,!
lam in a speeeh for inv„lving the tril.e in mueh incon-
V(,M„e„ee, an.l destroying their trade. ()„ heariii..
tlu'so ivniarks, h(> direetly went in soar.'h of the ceii^
surer arm,.! with a sealpin^' knife, and on comin- n„
wth hiin, attempted to stal. him; his foot, liowev,.,'
.si|.pe,l 111 the attempt, wliieh saved the others life'
although he received a severe wound in tlie side 'I'hese
two coiit,nue,l for some tini.; in a state of deadly hosti-
lity, until i'.ig Snako was persuaded by nianv of l.i.s
triemls to make peace, to wliieh he at length consiMiti'd
iiiMl proceedeil tow.anls his lodge for that purpose. In
the meantime lu! had tol.l his wife, if she saw any dis-
tuibance to move her lodge instantly to the top of a
small hill a few hundred yards distant, which mi'^ht he
•n')>-e easily .lefeiided. On his arrival at the nmii's
l'"lge, he found him .seated with his wife and ehildren
ji:-ound him, and, taking up one of the (•hil.livn he
•egau to caress it, and asked it to interc-de with its
ather lor the injury ho had done him. The iiiaii
liowevcr moodily held .lowii his head without aiiv
reply, whilst nig S,:ak,. again asked the cliihl to take
pity on him. still. The fither remained .silent ; on wiii,-h
l.ig Niak.', getting enraged at the rejection of the
irieiid y ov-rtures he had eoiuh'scei,,!,.,'! to make to
one whom he regmled so much as an inferior, and
feeling himself humiliate,! l.y the refus.il. rushed from
the t.mt, .seize.l his gnu, which he l,a,l taken the i.re-
eautiou of placing within reach in case of emer„e,icv
i.n,l cominenced firing through the skin coverTier ;,f
t le tent, killing tw,> of its iuiuate.s, au.l woundin' a
third ; after which he iviurm^d to the hill where Ips
wife was ],itchiiig the tent according to his orders
wh.n-e he remaiiuMl and defied the whole cami. tn
molest him, '
This worthy, Mr. Paul Kane, siicce..ded in inakiier
the centre of a picture of warrior.s of Iii.lian nations
.V; p. 386) ; to the extreme left is a chief, ealle,l
l.ittle Horn,' withal.ulfkh. lohe dr.aped around him
'uid between him aiul " Big «„ake " is Wah-nis-tsin,
principal chief of the Sureecs tribe.'
FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THB PACIFIC.
389
The Hudson's Bay agent hurried the partv out of
so dangerous a neighbourhood, and the lOth'of .luiie
saw them at (,',imb..rlaiid Jlouso, whence tluy uro-
eoi'dcd down the Saskatclu.wan J^lbow to Norway
i onse, where the artist traveller secured a sketch of
Oye-maw-wah-cl.ack, the ".Spirit (.'hief an Es.iui-
•nau.K from ilndsou's ISay. one hundred vears old •
W ...ore remark;,ble tbr another circi,nis{anee than
■ i/or htsage. He h.ad an only son ("whom I often
met, .sa s Mr. Kane), ,pu,c ehlerly in appearance.
II e in.,tlier ot tins boy had did very shortlv after hi.
th and there being ,,0 woman giving .suJk near at
I e time the l.a her to soothe the cries of the .starvin-
"■^1", pl.eed the infant's mouth to his own breast^
.ml finding that the child derived some benefit from'
It, lie continued the practice for .some davs ■ and
strange t^ say (not so strange to say, Mr. TaulKane;
.ts to believe, although it is a.sserted that the .sam.'
thing has happened before ; and Dr. J.iving.stone
tell.s US It is not uncommon in (Vntral Africa ami
"' 'MS seen It), milk flowed from his nippl,.' and
!■'■ brought up the child without the a.ss'stanee o
any woman I
Vow witli favouring win.ls, and an ascent up the
Jin.peg luver-stopping only at the ^Vllite Mud
otagc (.>,,.. p. ,m^, and its picturesipie aseenl-
«itli the v„;/u:/,nr, and the Indians and their
s.p.aw.-, who were following the party, carrving their
canoes acros.s, and then honn wards to Toronto, to
neh phice tro,n Montreal Jtiver, •■the greatest
■ ;lslap 1 had to endure," says Mr. l-auf Kane,
ith the genuine h.elmg of a true traveller, -was
lie difhculty I found in trying to sleep in a civilised
' ,Inn. firh tl,o l.uttle .'an... olT. ami tl,o stervis as foll„»-s ._
« a the l,.,t,k. ln,l,a„s, It appears tln.t the fr.,.,. I„.,l a
eu,hnn,Ml.,„v ,.n,l l,a, , ,„.,.„r,lin^^ t. tlirir .M.Htoni, ..r.rte.l a,
,r ''"■! I""'. '"■"""• "I'i^'l' 'I'.'.v I'an^r tl„.,r ,„.:,I,chu..l .:?
.'.V.'M.n n ' i'"'"'-- •^'"■'•,.""' '•""'•I'.si.n, ef their .Iuikv, ,1,;;
.rm. to th,.,r .aaip a . .stance ef ah„„t thr.e miles, wh.ch
kh ,tlj Miter, lh.M„va,hn>r war party He i,a,l „„.t .lls,.„v.re,I tho
pall, an,l ,,,,0 „l ,l,..i,. „,„„iu.r ..lin.hins; t„ the top, („ te:u- „ll the
; ".a.ncnts, h,., f,„,„ ,1,.. hei^^ht, petreiv,.,! ,h,. (', .. cm n a
.l..sun,.,., ,,,„,„ «hl,.|, the p„ty ,'rep:,n.,l thetaseh es for |",'h1;'
Un.nl he ( r,v se.als ha,l also ..eiveiv,.,! that they hMilCo, n,e,I
tlK a m,l""""" 1;'"" "' "'^'l'' '"""'"•"■ '""' '""' ""■•"i'>..."l
1 u.,..h.,lt„ 1,„ M,u'k. thlnkoii; to ouM-whehn then, hv their
• . ..Tior „a,nl.,.,s, „,„1 .1„1 „„t ,lis,..ver th.ir n-ror nnlil thev wer.
• t..aily e.i(ruj:,.,l. When tl„.y |HT.viv,.,l Hut ,h,.v «vr,. so' ,„„eh
out nnheml theyretreatcl t„ their e,n„p; all' hut o,„. ehief,
I .-ho.tliis. H-lio, ,lis,la,inn« to lly, ,h.sl„.,l .lenllv into the iiinlst '
"I hise,».:,„s. ,l,,,lini; Meath aron„,l hiai Hith his p^ke-MMiau-
^nn or »Mr cluh. On every Ml; Imllct uiiU arrow piorce.l his
;;;£,,,.. *,3;:;,'i:i;'':L!":,rvvi''i.7;.:i:;;
;;;":ifi\S7z;:.:?,::;;;,;«:,rr;,,;;;l,,;12,^
"ho, as It IS net i„nisiK,l ,Mii,.|i.~t li ,h'o,s ,o„l. , • '
each,,,,.,. w,lht|,es,..lps. The 1!1,„.,1 |,„lia„s, „f„.. .i,
ht I ,w.n, s an,l (o„<. \ ,.„lre.. not l,avi„5; a.nvul until llieliM,
w,i»oVL.i-, ot cues,, sullii-,.,! II,, h,<s .oinfeui
S„.',L" ■■"''.T"'"'"'^ I'l"-' '"''I'" ""'■1' «e he:,r of the cl..nth of l!i„
Si, k. as lollo„s:-So„,e C,.,.. l,„,i„„ ,,,,1,,,, „,„, j,, ^^
IS,:";,:'"""" '';'". ""y'"^''"' ""•'^'■«" i''-''^'""- <■
,1 -. 1 , M "Mrmiic. Jii^^>n:iKe liaii ridden tiwnv Iruni
,^ ::'^h ,r "•■'"■•'" .'"■!- "'^'-i-^r ...„« .se:, „si,;:
,. V ■, 7' '" ""'"■ l"'''il">ate tli^rht, were hCu lo
iw..nt ,u'ui ';;;:: :i:;;;;,,,;!^;' •■?■'■;■ ^t™--i.nn;
;:;:ti,:r':;™;-v'-;l'r'''-'-;''"''^
Ue uus .cali,i.,i M1..1 a,aa huluru Uia others can,e u^,. ^'
390
ALL ROUND THE WORLD,
lU
;h
y. --TITE AVrNTPEU AND RED RIVER
DrsTini!!'.
Tjicmiiru or li'UHsiircdy opi'iiin'; of a lino(.f cninmu-
niciition i'miii tlio Atl:iiilic to llio I'acific, thrcMigli
British territory, us J'r.ilcssor lliiifl justly remarks,
will lie Very Lirgely deiieinleiit iipon tlit^ |iroi;ri'ss of
British Coluinliia. From the return of tlie value of
imjiorts anil customs rc-eipts at Now Wcstjniiister
(moutli of Frazer River'), for the twelve mmiilis einling
the 31st of Deeemlier, 1 SV.), it appears tli.il tins im-
ports amounted to £177,219 7s. ii'l., and the < iistoms
to .£18, -404. The eutin; white jioiiulation of JJritish
Columhia did not exeenl o.OOO men in Oetoher, 18 ">9,
with very few women and children. The value of the
export of f^old was, at the sime epoch, estimated at
.£14,000 a month, or .£i 1)8,000 per annum.
The Town of Lytton, whose name is a Just recog-
nition of one who h;is always advocnted the j^reat ciuse
now under discu.ssion, and the Valley of riiompson
River, appear to have lieconio ])oints of the greatest
iiuporlanco in British Columliia. Lytton is at the
forks of the 'J'hompson and Frazer rivers, and contains
eight or ten stones anil a government house. The
Thomp.son River is aliout l.Vl yards wide at its mouth,
and there is a hor.scferry attached to it. Fort Kam-
looj)s i.s an important port, situated on the folks of the
Thomp.son and North Ui\i'rs ; the Thompson is here
300 yards wide, and the North River .".I.'d y.irds. The
head waters of the Tliumpsnn are al"i\it '22 miles ea.st
of these forks, and Dr. Ilcrtoi- advanceil, in IS.Jf), from
the ea.st side of the Rocky Mountiiins within (io miles
of the .source of the 'I'hompson. JR' says it was his
vvi.sh to have followed the C'olumhia Rivei' down to its
grciit hend .it the ho;it encann)nient, and thenci', f)l-
lowing n]i the valley of the Canoe Jiiver, to have en-
deavom'cd to p.iss to the head w.ilers of the Thompson
River, ;ind .so I'c.ich British (Jnluuilii i. Want of jiro-
visions, the a]ipro,ieh of winter, and itn' e.\truor.lin,iry
thickness of the forest, pi'cvented Dr. Hector frum
nccompli>liiu:,' this vi'ry interesting link lie'ween the
trails east of the liocky MountMinsaud i la; lie^id waters
of the Thompson River, from which point :l pick-road
already e\ist> lo thi' I'licilic Considerai.ly to il^' north
of th(! boundary line.
The first e.xpi'dition oigani.st;:! to examine the country
I over l>y a littlo conr.ige and spirit. Not so, Iiowover,
with the (irand Falls, which involve a portages ot throo-
rjuaiters of a mile. The s-enery here u bea\itiful, and
, the plateau is covered with a ]ir(jfn.''ion of hluelicrries,
strawberries, raspberries, jiigeon, cherry, and various
llowering ])lants. among which the bb'/bell is most
conspicuous. 'J'he alluvial valley sustains elm, as]ien,
b.il.sam, poplar, ash, butteiiiut, iind a very luxuriant
]irofusioii of gr.isses, vetches, and climbing ]ilants,
among which the wihl hop, honeysuckle, and convol-
vulus, ar<' the most striking. Tlu! rear jiortion of tho
valliy, with an admixture of the trees just l imed, con-
tains l)ireh, balsam-spruce, white and I'lack spruce, and
some heavy aspen.s. 1'he low table l.ind i.s thinly
woodecl wiih small )pine. The ai'ca available for iigri-
cultiiral ]im-poses below the (irand Falls, ])robably
exceeds I'O.OOO acres, but if thci Hunks of Ma"kayV,
Alountain (trap) be included in the estimate, a large
addition may with propriety be as.sumed.
Tho (irand Falls mark the limits of a track of
country dill'ering in many ini|Mjrtant ]ihysicid as])ectt;
from the valley of the river lower down. From black
argill ici'ous slates of Jluronian (< ambrian) age, we Jias.^
to a I'cgioii in which granite, gneis.s, and chloritic .schist
jirevail, anil wlnre the vcget.ition is often .-scanty and
poor. In till! forests which line tl'c banks, however,
the cauoe-liirch is f'ic(|uently seen eighteen ii.ches in
diameter, the tiMilerbriish consisting chiefly of hazel-
nut. Fxtensive areas covered with burnt tijiest trees
consisting chielly i.f |iine, occur in the valley of tho
river as far as JJt tie J)og Rake, when the *'ormidablc
barriei- of the (Ire.it J)og J'ortage, sustaining a lieavy
growth of timber, comes into view, The latter falls
.'ire very jiicture.sipie, and would take rank, I'rofes.sor
Hind observes, with the most charming and jiicluresque
falls on tho continent. 'J'he shoals, rapids, and lulls
on tho Kaministiipioiah River, it is to betbserved, will
aKv.iys preveit that river being used as a nuans of
communication with the int rior for com nerciul pui
poses. The first large urea of ojirii water sJ)ogl,;d;e,
an I, with a vie.v to reach this elevated sheet of water,
a road from the shores of Lake Sujierior, in us ilireet
a line as possible, will b<^ icipiired. 1'lie area of Clreut
Dog l/ike exi Is 200 fipiure miles; the country
aroiii . it is hillv, and covc'icd with forests, in which
between 1/iki' Superior iiiid tho Red Kivcr of the north, white .sjinice prevails, iiiteiNper.seil with groves of
aspens, and occasionally dotted with the \\"eymouth
and Ba.ksiaii Jiiiies; v.liito ulid yellow birch are
.ibnnduiit, and some of them of large diliiensioiis. The
l.ike is bounded bv bold ]iriiMary rocks, nnd studded
Napier as en- i with iiinninerablc islanil,s.
There is a coiamiinicatioii between Dog Lake and
Thousand Naki's to the west, but our party did no'
cxjiloreit, piiicecding ijy Dog River, with its uliniidunf
growth of l..ilirador tea (Li'dinii paluMn), and of the
I'riyr.int In ban tea plant {/.itlinii t(ilij'n/ii(in), to the
I'lairii! I'oitage, or hi'ii,'ht of lanl which separates the
w-itirs flowing into Rake Su]ieiior from those which
nilh a view to determine the best route for '.peniiig a
com mull icut ion between that lake and the settlements in
Red River, was desput died by tIieCina,ilian (lovernment
ill .July, 18.37, under the direction of iNIr. (lladman,
with I'rofi'.ssor Hind as gi'oloyist, .Mi
giiieer, .Mr. Dawson as surveyor, and ,i i on>ii|eiuble st iff
of u.ssistaiiis and r 'ijii'iniiri, mainly Iroipmis uad Ojiln-
wuy Indians. The Red Jtiver Kxpedition, as this fiisc
party was called, sailed from (Jollingwood on I, ike
Huron tor Fi.rt William, Lake Superior, on tiie I'lth
of the s,-iiiie month. During a fig in tli i latter, fog
liows were seen, anil on looking over the side of the
vesM-l a double halo of very brilliant colours might bo llovv into the Winipeg basin. On this line of waterished
observed encircling the shadow of the observer's Jiead, I there is an isolated l.ike ut an elevation of 1,485 feet
Jirojectcd on the dark-coloured wuleis. Every man nbuve tin! sea.
•saw his own halo, but not that of his ni'igliboiir. The The vvuterllovv to Hud.son's Buy commences ostensibly
expeililioii l.indeil at Fort Willi.uu on the 1st of with the Savanne Lake and it? feeding swuinps. At its
August, the ' ',y//i',(./ic./r«/ h.iving stuck fust for oin clay .soiith-vvesterlv termination begin.s the (ireut Savanno
on a rock near .Michipirotcu Islanl. I'mlage. which desecMids 31 1 feet to Suvanne River, the
'J'he lirst portage is mc>l with at u distance of twenty- latter nieaiidering away eighteen miles to the Tliotisuiid
two and a-h.ilf miles liMiii L.ike Superior. It is culled Lakes. 'J'he inimecliate banks are clothed with iilder,
Uie Decli.cri^c' des Rarc-iscux, Oii if it could be rowed j willow, unci dog-wood ; behind these are aeeti tamarack.
i 80, Jiowever,
tiig(! of tlirco-
Ji'uiitii'ul, anil
t' bliiclicrries,
iiiid various
'lic'll is most
s cliii, aspen,
I'v luxiiriai'.t
l)ing jilanls,
and I'cjnvol-
irtion of tho
1 mird, con-
i s|iiiK'e, ami
id is tliiidy
iltlo for agri-
is, proliidily
of Maokaj'.';
late, a largo
a track of
sicnl asjiccti;
I'Voin black
iiff(^ wo ])ass
ill iritio schist
1 scanty and
ks, liowover.
n iiiclics in
Hy of liazel-
forost trees
alley of tliG
'orniidablc
tig a heavy
latter falls
k, I'riitessor
JiicHiresijiie
:1s, ami falls
iserveil, will
a 11)1 ans of
acrcial ]iur
s Dog Lake,
L't of water,
1 as direct
ea of tJreat
le conn try
s, in wliich
gl'II^CS ot'
W'lyniunth
hirch are
ions. The
id studded
Lake and
ty did mil
aliiindant
md of tiiu
n), to lliu
larates the
oso wjiich
watersjied
1,185 feet
ustensihjy
|is. At its
Savanno
River, tlio
Tjiousand
ith aldel-,
.ainaruek.
I 1
i" 1
I'li
i\
; ■ .C'l
ll
\ '
V-
\
-^^
i
I > i'
''"'.I. Ih,. „s„„l ,„„t.. fr.,Ml TI,n„SMl„l l,Mk,.s I,, tl',
" I 'll.y ,||m MM.l n,,i„l,s, a.Ml ,„r..ssila(,.s ,.,. ..,,,1 , f
l--ta«,..s, l.,„ .„„• |,,.r,y to„k the- lin,. ufJ!,H .1
n -1 Nt,,....,,„ |,.,|.„ „„| ijivo... Tl,. latt..,. k,.
^-, on tins ■•..uto-„,n.,.t as n,any J. .„,[:,; ',,;;;:,
r^'-aviiiV' l.'attkisimk.. Peltate, rai.i.ls a,,,! f.II. n
lis . t 'V^'""" '" I^'-''''^^'"' ifi-Hl's l,„ak a
' .' ot ,s,.v,.ral otluT „f thcso (.iotunvs,,,,,. f ,|s a,
-l-'y'-y tl,o i'i,e„„ Riv,.,. fi.„ln I.ak^^ , '
i;iored this iatu.ni,H,.:,:::;,H:; .::;::':, -
•■•es ""tso..n. to.s,iM,at.. ,l„.,aWlMi.^sa,"'/
;"'e way tli,-.„ tla- ntUn: Tlir (;,.m„I I>, , " ,
tm-tastlM.t.,.nMn,us„r,.tCa„a,liau ro„t,. ; l,„t .„,
'•;;;-MM„.an„,, which f;.,.,,. tl.o l,„L,ian- „,
'I I- It \V,1 ha,n, '■,«.„,, to ao,|„i,,. ii„,„„.ta„„, |„
.oporfon ,., the oxtonsio,, ofo,.,- k!,o.vi..,|. . n' • ■ i,
its .•ai.al.ililu.s and .vsonnTs." To how nr„ • 7
I'on.ts in this vast lal.viMth of riv,.,.s Iks n \v
■ny not this obsonaiion .U. ;!:■£ l^l^ r '
>an.y Lak.M.hi,.hl,..loM.so;,ehal,'\o .. L',i,e,l
S^aosan, o,u.hal to hitisi, AnuTica, isuav 1
;?. ''it:' ''■''''''•'''''' r-''^ - ■•-•"■'.I Wcanoo
•"I l.nks avs,.ntai,K-t,.,v, w are toM. of hoiiok-s
^mhlyan, ,l,.s..,.twasto. Th. islan.ls, whi.h ..^^ .
'",' "'•"""'"•'•■ M'o, ho.v..v,.r, W..II woo.h.,|. Tali '
,'J.f ' l.M.t. It 18 froz,.,, .-..hoMt th,. 1st of DcrenilHT
•"H mna.Ms so till al..M,t,l,. first of Mav '
• '■ ■>■.. «..loon„.,l the t.x|K.,h(ion at the n.tran.'o of
I- ny l..vo>Yvh..ro that .in,, st.va.n iss,,,. fn.n, tl
l-.lv.S a b,-oa.l an,I raphl nver. Itainv ii.v.r has ,
--"•«eofe,--hty.,il..sl,yi,s « i,„|i,„s: ft.„n, ,h, 'ak'
"' ^;:'"'^ "^"'"' t" '1'" ''..ke of ih,. W s. T ,.,
■l'"-'"! I'y Mr. Na,.i,.r, an,! tlK- rosnlt of ,his.^ lo'a
-. was to ..stahlish ,1,.. fiu-t tl,a,,how,.v,., a ;:
laK..o„s|„s route n.ay he for In,lia„s in .h.i , ]
-noes,,t,sf,ri„(;.Horto,hat h. Kainv I . , s
-a ■con.nunn.a.ion. Els..wh..r,., Mr IHn,! r. m, k'
t.onnn.,K.at,onpu,.M-iortotl.,senowtrav;:.;i
^ImJT^' l-t.ts..on..d..ar that until th,.
w.itcrslio,l ..t l.aM,y lake is r..ach,.,l, „„ conn.rii,,,,
r...ssess,ng s„. i,.,..nt >vat,.r to form a hoat route ex
"••.•anbenimh. «i,hou(, nunn.rous.lanis
l',.rt Franees is situate,! two u.ih.s l„.|ow (l„. h..a,l
01 luviuy K.VU, wu.ac it i««ue.. Iron, the lake, juj
PROM TIIR ATT.ANTIC TO THE I'ACIFIC.
891
' 'il.ove the ChaiMliCr,. |-'alls at th,. f,,„( e i • i •
--■Mi^,i,,,,,.,.un,,, ,v,,n;'Vh;:.h''h jjt,;:,;
' ■"'''■ '••■I'-'-T v,.,etabi,isu:.;.e';'' 7 ::;..:'
;■"■;"■,.« to exten,h.,! enltivatio,, are th . Ka n v I W
n.!n,ns. They „re not only ,„ ,, ^ ,„ ' it
i^>:;t;i;/i:;;:;g;;t:.:;:;;:''';-. ^pX
«:,:-^n:l-'^ ;-'?''^^^
•'.'t-.theiirm:^ :,r; :'':r.;if''T-''''^-'
o;'i;;'''::;;ir';;;!T 'y'f -''--'.:'='
.•at,.r- ,la^: '"" ^""'■^' ''^" ''"■" '"'1''^^-' h
;;i-iiesn.,,,,,_H.,.,!.,,ii:/^,;;,;t ::/^;^
^'''■'^''-■l^!'.' '■'■'-'l"--tli,hv..|ofthes, ,, lo
-■2:r;;;;;f;;:::,,n:::in-;;;-
iE?i?'^.^^":r:;;;;hy:;-
ilM|Jn,l,ans,Ii.!notlik,.th,. ..x,,e,li,i„„ ,„ ..,.,|i„„
'I.- tlN a,,-,,ss the swamps whirl, s..,, ,ra.,.' ,1,,. 1.,;,
■'''•'" ^^', •■'"•'"" tiH'l!e,l liiverSet.l.au, ■ T
!>Ti-Mn,lol,i,...,ionsot,h..ir..hi,.ts.,.n.o ;,n,.,
■■'V.;.^-|-e,„.alla„.na.,., wi.ha husa.irie ,. '
wluehw.^re warmly a,,|,la,„le,i by the .t '
i lie h, lowing IS a s|,e,in,en oftlie eolhuniv •-
\ hat reas,,n ean w,. give to (lio.se whoV.nt us for
^::,!;'7:'« ••^'-•'' '-'I'-v - to ti.vei through y,;;:;.
/'('"/-"The n.ason why w.-stop you is b..,-ansc. we
tin.ky,,„, ,n,,tt,.|l.,swhyyo„;antt.,g,,tha ^\■
An,lwhat,loy,n. wai,tt,Miowith,h,,sepa,hs/ Vu
■H>^in .!„. white men w,. have s..en I'.lon.r (o one
',"■ 'V ;''"' >■'-' ''"■>■ '^" '-y '""•' HWvnt roa.ls" Whv
hat Doyoii want to s,.e th,. liMlians laml/ i{e-
L7''"'''':' ^\'''' ,"'''''' '"-' '-''-.s ,o ,1,,. Imlian-sh,a so
, n,us, walk through .he .loor. ,„„ steal through he
I neh.w. ihatway, ,|„..ohl,„„l. „ | ,;„,,,;;
;t.at way you must go. Vo„ ,,.„h,r ,.on, in vouV
if"'"'7 "■:', I'"!.,'' ^'"^'y. I)i,l vou nev,.r Ma.'eniu
:->k; )i,! your p,.oph. want to s,.. our ,;,rn ?
^\"ul,l tli,.y notlM.saiisli,.,! with vour noting it down (
1 "11 ..aniHitiiass through lh,,s,. jialhs"
n si . u us th,. roa,l ; we .^hall pay him w,.ll an,i ,s, ,„!
l-h pr.-.utst,.y...,. \Vh„,lo\„n wishfor^-
l C/.i«/.-" It is Uuid to deny your re,iuest, but W,; seu
HI ill
h i
III!
S93
how tlie hidians mv trciitcil fur iiwiiy. Tlie wtiitciniiii
CDini'H ami Icinks at tlicir llnwrrs, llicir tivcs, anil tlnir
rivri's ; iitliiTH sdciii follow; tlir lamls of tlic Imliiiii
pMv^ fi'iiiii tlii'ir iiaiids, ami tlicy have iiowlicrc a Ijoiiir.
You nitist ^'o bv till way tliu wit. to man has liitlii'ito
gone. I liavu toll! yon all.'
At tlif I'losr of the I'ouiicil, till' cliii'f Haiil to tljc
fiitci'iiioli'r, " l.ct uot tlnM' lucii think had of us for
takini; away thi'ir ;,'nid(;.s. l.ct tlicrn send us no
jin'scnls : we do not want tln'ni. They have Mo iii,dit
to pass tliat way. W'l' havr hearts, and love out' lives
and oiir I'onnlry. If twenty men i-amc we wonld not
let them pass to-day. We do not want the white man ;
whon the white man eomes he lirinHs disease and sii'k-
.' ss, and onr people perish; we do not wish to die.
Many wiiile men would hiiiii; death to us, ami our
jieoplu would pass awiiy ; we wish to lo\e and to hold
the land our fathers won, and the (Ireat Spirit has
Tell these men this, and the talk is
given to us.
tinished."
It was resolved, therefore, to proeeed hy the W'ini-
])eLr liivei-. The island called (larden [sI;mh1, from its
fcrlility. in uiiicli this eolloipiy was held, w.is sadly
infested liy the seour;;c of the country — j,'rasshii]ipcrs,
as they are called— hut in rcidily .a true locust (. I c/7/-
ilimii fi'iiitir-riihruin). Ii is not a little rcmarkalile
that the United States, whose li(Hindary Hik; f iIIohs
the south hank of Itainy liiver, and is prolonj^'cd from
the Lake of the WoimIs to Kritish Cohimhia, in the
]iarallel of 41* dei;., and which would thus ero.ss the
southern extremity of the lake, is made to strike
across the Lake ot' the Sand Hills to Moninni'iit Hay, livt
at the extremity of the north-west corner of the said
lake, and then 1(j come hack again to the |iarallel rif
40 dei;. ! Stur;;eoii are very numerous in the Lake
of the Woods: they were repeatedly si'cn lc,'i|.iii'j; out
■.I'tlie water, in their irainliols at the a]iproach of even
inj,'. Large! |iik' iso to he seen liaskiiii,' in the
sun at the surh the wati'r. They coulil hi'
even killed hv . . ,' them ou the Ilea I with the
paddle.
The IJiver Winipeg i.ssiics from the Lake of the
Woods hy several ditlerent streams, one of which does
Hot join the parent stream for a distance of sixty-live
iiiiles. Ill its course of one hiindted and sixty-three
miles to Lake Wiiiipeg, this j^reat rivei descends three
h iiiilred aiid forty-nine feet hy a succession of niignili-
eeiit cataracts. Some of the falls ami rapids jireseiit
the wildest and most picture.sipie scenery, displ.-iying
every variety of tiiniiiltuons cascade, with foamini,'
r.ipid.s, treacherous eddies, and huge swelling w.ives,
rising niassivt> and green over hidden I'ocks. The
river also frci|Uciitly expands into l.irge deep lakes
full of islands, hounded h_v precipitous clills, or rounded
hills of granite.
The Hudson's Bay Comiiiiny's post at Rat Portage
is heautit'uUy situated on an island at one of the outlets
of the ]jake of the Wood.s. 'I'lio nek, however, is
chloritie .slate, which soon gives place to granite, so
ALL ROUND THE WORLD,
district alluvial nnd fertile trncts, hmring p-oves of
heavy aspeuis ai;d other tri'i s, jirevail, Islington
.Mission is sustained hy a muiiilicenl gift from .Mi-s.
Lanilon, of Hath, of .i'LlMln for it^ eslahlishnieiit, aiiiJ
.fhM) 11-year for its niainleiiance. Its pro>pects are
favourahle. and it will eventually l)econii' :in impurtaiit
station in the wilderness by which it is surrounded.
The jireM'iil eongri'i,'ation niimliers ahoiit fort v live
I ndiaiis helonging to the Swampy (.'ri'i's. OIIm'i- Indians
lire also conciliated liy niaterinl I'ontrilaitions, showing
the advantage of agricultural operations heiiig us.-o
I'iateil with spiritual lalioui' at remote stations. The
missionaries are indeed here, as in many other jilace.s,
the pioneers of civilisation.
.V mile and a half from Lake Wiiiipcg is Fort
.MeXiinder ; and in tlie country lietween it and Isling-
ton .Mission many Indians live, their resources heing
lisli, rahliits, and wild rice. 'I'he growths of tlie latter
an' descrilied as hcing at places very extensive, and the
Indians fill their canoes by heating the heads with a
stick. These natural growths are also, as may he inui-
giiied, frci|uented by large Hocks of birds. Ited iJiver
enters Lake Winipeg by six distinct channels. 'I'he
traverse was etiectcd without any incidents, su\e a
he.ivy stpiall : and fourleen miles above the month the
country began to rise, and all the aspects of a level,
fertile region griiilually invested the .scene. It Was 11
|ileasaiit chainic, passing from the caseades and iMpidH
of the Winipeg, where half clad savages tish and hunt
lor daily tbod, to the even flow t>( lied Iliver, where
Christian men and women once heathen and wild, now
lopefid .secnrity on its bank.s.
The population on the l!ed liiver and Assinehoine,
which amounted to ."i.l 1,'i in ll>il."(, was (1,.JL','} in \X'iC).
This pojiulation con.-isted of 8I(! tiimilies of nuli\e.s
aii'l halfbreeds; llll Scots, <JL' Canadians. 40 Knglish,
1,'i hish, L' Swiss and 1 iS'orwegian. There is a gover-
nor and recoider of Assiiieboiiu', for the ailministiation
of justice ; and lands sell at as much as 1 x. (!(/. an
acre. There are three leligious dcnomin.-itions : —
Church of Knglanil, I'resb\ teiiaii. and lioiiiaii ( 'atho-
lie ; the Catholics being as L'.Tl'''^ to L'.o-b") I'ldtestant.i.
There are three Iiomanist churches, four K]iiscoi)aliaii,
and two I'reslA terian. The Jiishop of liiipert's Land
is stationed at St. .lohn's, on the lWi\ Jiivcr: and the
liomanist liishopof the North-we.st, at St. Jloniface, on
the same river. Kducatioii is in a far more .'ulvanced
state in the colony, than its isolation and brief career
(it was founded by Loril Selkirk in KSI2) might claim
for it There ai'c seventeen schools in the .settlements,
g'lierilly under the supervision of the ministers of the
dciioiiiiii.ition to which they belong. The farms of the
.settlers, both on the .-Nssinelioinc and tln' lied Itiver,
are generally l.Tid out in n.irrow stri)is. so as to gi\e to
each a small frontage on the rivers, 'i he inincijial
cultivated crops tire Indian corn, wheat, hay, btnlev,
iiiiil oats. Hops grow wild, and in the greatest liixu-
I'ianee. All kinds of root crops grow well, and attain
" irge dimension.s. All common garden vegetables,
• iiiv.iiii^ .-iitv,,., ,,,11,^11 .-"Mill iii,,-.-, iii.n.,- I'l ^i.ioiLU, aKi 1,11 m; uoii
tliat there is no area for cultivation between it and which ari; cultivated in Canada, are eipiallcd, if not
Islington Mission. The fertile soil around this latter surpassed, hy tin' productions of the rich jirairie soil of
lilies not emhraci^ more than two hundred and fifty Assinehoine. (.^oiisideralile (|uantities of sugar are
aere.s, but Indian corn ripen;', there, and wheat only made fnan the iish Ic.ivi'd nia]ile. Wi'it^ there a market,
ither fl.ix and hemp Would also thrive. T'lie live stock of the
rci|uires niiK^ly-three d.iys to mature. There are other .. , _ _._..
available areas of a similar charaeter, varying from settlements is represented by I'.T'.U' horses, l!, 7-0 oxen,
h I'l y acres to three hundred acres in extent, between .'i,SS;5 cattle, :.'.() 14 calves, 4.074 pigs, and 2. 4 ".'9 sheep.
ilie .Mission and Silver Falls, about ei.;hti'eii miles The vast praii'ies of Hed lliver and the Assintdioine,
III this latter i clothed with a rich profusion of moist nutritions grasses,
tioin the mouth of the river.
! m'
Ill ( 'atliO-
nitf.-.tiints.
iise'(i|inliiiii.
It's 1,1111(1
iiimI tlie
■iiitiicc, on
iidviiiici'd
lii't' ciiniT
ii;;lit cliiiiu
•ttli'MII'lltS,
■> lit tlio
1 111^ 111' the
Itivcr,
111 fi]\C to
|iriiiri]ial
ly, b.-irlry,
ati-st liixii-
aiul attain
vc;;otalil<'s,
led, it' not
lirii' soil of
^ngar aw.
u iiiai'ki't,
toL-k of the
,7-0 oxen,
■l-2'J slicep.
ssint'hoiiie,
HIS gruHsea,
till, llAKii.N UK WDi.AN.
mi !!■
PftOM THR ATLANTIC TO THR PACIFIC.
odir iiiiriviillcd iiilvaiil(i;,'c's I'nr rtMiint,' stdck. Hia
tliiTi' is IK) niiirkit tni- wih,|, |i,Tl'-tiilli)\v, ur liidr.s.
'I'lio fiitiii'f (il lii'il Ivivcr ciiliiiiy li'|ieiiils ii|ii)ii a
roKtiliir coniu'ctiipii liciii;» rstilili.shrd with (Juimda ;
niid wf oiiiiiiot Imt, ilitnduri', Imik witli the clccpcst
iiiteri'st lit tlii> [iio^^ri'ss i,( exiMMliliniis siicli its
('ii|itiiiii I'lilliHi'i's, ,'iiid siicli iiH we liave Iji'l'mc! (im,
niiiiiiii'd l)y |)i'i-soii.s (■ prli'iit til •'.' iiiiiiiie and arrisr
at satlNtiii'tDry ciiiiiiiisiipiis as to linw that di'siialilf
olijcct is ti) lie attiiiliccl.
'riiLTf arc twii sn (idli'd nniis to l!cd Hivcr, tliu
C'aiiailiaii 'iiivcniiiit'iit liavini; aiitliHiiscd tiic ninvcy-
anoi> of mails to ami frniii tliat M'tllciiiciit, liil \<'iin
William, licsidi's tilt; mail tVoin llic I'liitrd Statux tcr
litdfv liy I'c'iiiMna, dt'scrilii'd as "a town and purt,"
willi " voters tor tlif State of Minnesota," and "a ^nr-
risoM of United States dra^joons ;" liiit in rea'ity a small
villai,'e, oonlaiiiinj; aliout a dozen scattered loir lioiises.
Tin; cx|iedilion, (pm one occasion, met " tlu; mail" near
Pine liiver. It was liorne on the Ijaek of a lialf lirceil,
who was accom|ianied liy a hoy til'teeii or sixteen years
old, ciirrviiij,' the lilaiikcls and < kin^' nti'nsils. 'I'he
mail hearer was very ill, and hail not eit'ii to, id for
two days, having heen loMj^er on his journev than he
expccleil. lie had no means of kl'Ii x the prairie
hens which were so alaindaiit on the trail, and which
mii,'lit have provided him with food. He oarricd the
mail ill a larite leather hag, hy means '"a .-trap passin;{
round his hcid ; he was poorly i lotheij, wet, and
miHiahle, and had hen tiflecn day coming; Iroiii Crow's
Wiii^. 'I'hey •invt! liiin .some bulliilo meat and pcninii-
lan, on the strength of which lie lioped to reacli I'eni-
hina in two days. '
On the eiisniiiL; year (1S.-).S), rriifes.sor lliiid con-
ducted another explmatoiy expeditinn, from I'mt
(iarry, ri'i/ the .VsNinelioim; and .Slonse |{i\ei.s, to the
hoiindary line, thence to the Qui Appelle Vallev,
the South Saskatchewan, the main Saskatchewan,
and the hasin of l,ake Winipeg. I'iiptaiii ralliser
lielieves that the hest way of coinnmnication with
the Iveil Iiiver Settlement is, hy the lied Hivcr
Valley, and through the States I'rotessir lliicl, on
the contriii'J'. argues strongly that the .Vrrow Lake,
Pigeon, and Kaniiiiistiipioiah lines would he prefer-
alile to an alternative which may in\iilve a thousand
coiii]iroinises. U[iou thi.s point Professor Hind re-
marks : —
'■Captain Palli.ser h.is not had the opportunity of
examining and rcjiorting on the Fort William and
Arrow Lake route from Lake Superior to Ited Itiver.
As an emigrant route, the outlay of a few thoii.sand
]iounils can make it availahle tor summer comniiiiiica
tion. All emigrant could then start from Liverpool
and proceed to tjuehec liy stiMin (eleven days), tmm
Queliee to (.'ollingwood, Lake Huron, hy rail (two
(lays), from Collingwood to Fort William, hy .steiiiiier
(three days), and from Fort William to Fort Ciarry
vid ,\rrow Lake and tlu; IJouiidary line (six days), or
twenty-two days in all from Liverpool to Selkirk
Settlement. The route through the ITiiited States,
rut St. Pftu', cannot oH'er greater advantages as a
summer emigrant route than those presented hy the
chain of lakes along the hoiindary line to the north-
west corner of the I ake of the Woods. Cattle and
live stock gener.dlv will necessarily ]pa,ss to and from '
the United States iver the jirairiis of Red River, I
where food is ahundi.lit, and can he olitained without
cost, but tliere i.s no reason why liea\y goods shouKl j
not in proeess of time he shipped at I iverpooi and
I"; d direct to Fort William, (ii Lake Superior,
wilhoiit transhipment, jpiissing ihrongh the nmgnitiieiit
chain of Canadian canals, and thence to Red River,
thioiigli Rrilish territoi) r„i Ariow Lake, Rainy
Hivi 1. and the iiorth-wost corner of the J-uko of the
WooiLs."
VI, — ADVKNTURKS IN TllK ROCKY MOUN-
TAINS OF THE BARON DK WOCJAN.
Towards the clostp of the year ]M<\ the hihvivt
.steam-hoat of the American Piicitic Na\ igation Com-
pany l.indeil on the ipiay of St. Fia:ici:ci>n |iarty of
thirty pa.ssengi'rs, whom she had hronj ht from Paiinnia.
Among these travcllcr.s, whom a desire for adventure
or the gold-fever had led to Califoinia, were four
Fi-eiahmeii, driven far from tlieii' native land hy the
storm of poliiical con\ nlsions. Starting from diirereiit
points of their native soil, and trom dill'cient social
jpipsitions and political parties, they weie hound to each
other hy a contract uiiiler one of those indnslrial asso
ciatioiis that have sprung fn.m the t liiilhlion ol society
in Kuiope on the one part, and on the other from the
exaggerated repulatinii ol the Cilifelliian gold niiiiis.
It Would seem as it one thing only had liceii wanting,
the disi.'o\ery of some new maeliim ly, the ap]ilicatiiin
of which to gold ciiishing iniist )iiipdnce enormous
results of Wealth; and of such niai liiiies. there was
.scarcely a newspaper that hud not two or three iin-
nimnced in large type, with jilans. plate.s, and designs.
Of these four ii.sMiciated Frenchmen, the author of
the following pages is one ; tiny contain, of course,
hut an ahlpreviateil narrative, wl.iih niay he hcrcaUer
enlarged, if '..piind agri'cahle to .e |,uhlii- taste.
At the epoch when oui stoiv ci I'lineiiies, S.ni
Francisco was not yet the ]irond city that now vindi-
cates to herself the title of t he '• Qm ( n of the Pacitie."
Her ]iopulation, now he\oiiil ItKi.lKiO, was thin not a
ipiarter of the amount.
Her rapid and incesi-ant dcvilnpment is entirely
due to the rare energy of her |io) iilal ion. who possesM d
every good ipiality, in conjiinclioii with nuineions
defects. Nothing could keep her hack ; not tin-
government excesses ; not the scandalous irregularities
in adininisti.ilinn , nor the frightful diMisters of ini-
meii.se tires; nor nioiietary shocks; alarms, iir even
panics. San Francisco has tiinni|lied over all these ;
and hiT interiial weallli lias reached a ]irogressive
height, that holds forth every Jiioiiii.^e for the future.
I'iverything seems to feel the hap)iy impulse of her
position ; whatever is jiliinted there takes root, and
thrives. ( liie (■iiiii]irclienils at a glance that the pre-
cious metals, agricullure, cummerce, and trade, must,
hy their eoiicurient influein.es, create the greatness of
California.
All the eoiiditioiis of modern civilisation are com-
hiiied on this sjpot. (ias and water jpernieate every
street ; the omnihus is seen every%yliei'e going its
round; the cao and the carriages rattle in every
quarter. Freemasons, henefit societies, t'a\ings' hanks,
assemhlies, book-cluhs. va.-t dockyards, and foundries,
and .sanctuaries, a telegiaph, new s]pa| pel's, theatre.", and
markets ahounding with vegetahies, game, and magnifi-
cent fruit, all are there collected.
An emigratiou |«mrs in from all side.i, and installs
itself in this country, of late .so desert and desolate, as
; Sill
ii t '
; I
ii
396
ALL ROUND TIIR WORLD.
if ill II |i(-rin:ini'nt <ltt'clliiiL;|il:ii'i'. I( li;is innv lii'i'oiiu^
II riMiiitiv.
'•Ill 1S.")0 till' tiiMiMlliiiius I'll'iTvi'sci'iici^ lit' ilisciir-
(laiit cli'iiiciils, iiiw ly i-oiiii' tni^i'llicr rrniii nil |i:n-ts iif
till' 1,'l.ilu-, lii;iili' S.iii FiMiirisco IT'-rliilili! Illlli-ll nillirr
11 I'.nililrnu ill cliiillili'iii lliaii tin" irailli" nt" :i ijri'iit
st:iii' ; su, ill. It Ml'lrr A slay dl'a Ii u liMiir.-.. wr liaslciu'il
t'l i|;iit lliis llicali-i> of lilufiily iMlloi.ni ami ilcii I't' tlu'
« .irst passions, liy ciiiliarkiiii,' mi iMinl a sicaiii lioat,
" liii-li kc|il II |) an iiili'i'diiirsi' Im'Iwciii tln' i-ily ami tin."
Mi.M ilistri.-ls.
"CiMssiiii; I 111' liailiiiiirnrSaii {'"iMiii'isi'.i.ainl |iloiii;liiii'»
iHirway llirniii;li llir crowds nf sliijis lu'ai-in;,' llii' IIiljs
ol' all iiati'Piis. «!• IT ulu'il till' luoiilli of till' Sai'i'aiiii'ulo,
airl I'lili'i'i'il, to work oiir way ii|i its stream.
"Tin' laiiilsi a|M'oii its liaiiks clis|ilay('il its most si nil iiii^
;is|ii'i't ; ^I'l'i'ii iiu'ailows I'.Mi'iiili il tin iiisi'lvcs on cacli
siilo, leailiiii,' ii|i to liciiitil'iil woods, |ii'o|ilt'd willi
llllllli'l'olis lli'l'dsol' dri'l- ; lllrll loll<iw s a ('ll.lill of llills,
l'i|i|ird wil li clusli'iM of o.ik, liri^litriiim,' tlio |ii'rs|ii'i'-
liii' ; wliili' ill llic liiiii/oii a rliaiii of high moiiiii.aiiis
siTvc as a iV.iiin' for ilio |ii.'l iir,'.
" W'l' sadi'd .lion;,', followiii;,' this delicious |iaiioraiiia
with our ryrs U'V S'liiii' li.iur-~, iiulil wr saw al tin' dis-
taiu'i' of alioul, a liiih' licfoi-i' iis an l',ii:;lisli tr.idiui; hrii,'.
a|i|):ir('iitly .It aiii'lior. We ii.iiird Inr to have us oii
lior w.iy ; Init In-r caplaiii ri'plird, tli|-oUi;li his .s|ii'ikiuij
tniiii|i. I, ill l'lii'4li--li, ' 1 am ;ii,'ioiiiid, in tlio iiiidilK' of
t 111' pass il;i' ;' tin' otlna- part of llio rivrr lii-iui,' oli-
-'.I'lii'tid liy .1 sr.iiiid li.iik. Tills w.is no allair of our
^'.ltlk^'• iMpl.iiii s, wli.'s,' liu~iiii'ss il w.as to pass up
- nin'li.i.v, 1 Mui oviT tlio iiuliuky Miii,'lisliiiiaii, if it
I-., lid hot, lie d.'lii' "I liiTW isi' ; in fad, s.ari-cly li.nl In'
l'Im II II- a wink of iiitrlliijonci', than ho ordn-rd lior
. 'lii f I m^iini'i' to ^'I't lip .ill -team, li.iokrd llio vcs^rl,
and linn k'TpiiiL; on full power, drove the lio.il full
-peel hi'tweeii the liark and i he liri;;. 'I'lie slnn-k w.is
t 'rrdile. hut the ^■allkel' male his pas- i;,'e. einvuiL,'
'Mill him the st irijo ird Imlw.irks ot' the p,i..r l'!iu;li-li
i.l■i,^^
" As for us, we knoeked away our lail'oird pa Idle-
li'ix, and some of our lU'ew jo-t their hdame and rolle.l
p''ll-mell ainoiiL; the p ieka:,'es ..I' all kinds, with wliieli
"Ur deek W.IS eo\ eri' I. i
■• We ai I'iM'd w il ho It fi'ither aeeideni at S.ieiMiin'nlo, .
'■iir lirst aliiilim; pi lee in •'alifornia. li is the .si-eond
eitv of this rei;i.iii, ami owe- its ori;^in, like l''r.ineiseo,
lo till' ijold mines. li -i.imls on the lefi li.mk of the
river, wliose ll.iuie it heirs.
'• .\s soon as we had di-eiuh. irked, we soie^hl out a
lior.s.' and oai t, to tr.iiisp.iit lis and our elfeets to ihe
/'.'./<•)•* (i;old.sei'kiii:;s) of tlir' ( !ra.s.s \'allev, where «,■
h 'd an intention of 111 ikiiii,' an experiment with ihe
111 lehine wi' ii.nl lii'oiii,'lil with iis from Frame.
■■ A year aflerwirds we w er.' followim,', w it li our n lies
ntl olir shoulders, a eail eoiiv I'viiii; w h.it was lo make
the fortune of our a-soei.at ion, and draw n u it h diltieiill v
ly till' united l.il r of four mules. .\i liie end of
the day we imnle ,i hill, at a eleariiiij liy tin' wayside,
to piss the ni^lil, and in\i iiioriiiiii,', with the tirst ray
ol siiiili:;lil, we re.'..iiiiueineil our jouriiev. 'i'lie e.iunlrv
tliroiiifh whi.li we lr.i\elled was inh.iluled, Inil it was
only larely thai al the side of s,uiie stream weoeea-
sionally eaiue iipiui a s.ilitary dwc lliiii,'. Sometimes we
ei'iie upon portions of the j^'ronnil thai must liave
hi '11. in earlier day-, ofore.it lieanty, .More remains
fitill testilicd where Ihe pioiu liaiid of the missionary
had lalMiiireii, where, in the lime of their power, they I
had endeavoured to briiii» their missions closer tofjetlior,
l>y makini; tlio cnmiiiiinicitioii lietwcj'ii tliciii easier.
The connlry liecamc iiiori' and nniri' strep as we nd-
vaiiccd further into it, aiid our liiarcli prnportioimtfiv
slower,
" We geiienilly ninli' a lialt from eleven to inio, to let
(lie lieat of the day pa.ss anil rest our iiinles, niid our
jiivati'st care in the oveniiii; was the choice of tlic
]ilace for cainpiiii;. and the order of our inarch hv day,
the connlry heiiiix inl'esled liy hands of vajjalioiiii.s,
' searcliers alter hidden oold, hut who, instead ol iniiuirinj;
for it with 11 spado in the lio.soin of the eartli. loiiiul a
more coineiiicnt and less faliyiiiiii; iiielhod of procuring
the precious metals in rohhini; travellers.
" .\ I last we arrived at IIouf;li and lieady, a village in
the v.dlcy, whence rose the Nevada I'ity. Ilcre vvc Iiiid,
lor the lirst time, under our eyes the iis|iect of a
/,'ii,;r K't' miners. (•''"' p- ■^^7.) At the liottoiii of a
ravine, that looked as if it had 1 ecu turned over liy »
liiirrie.ine, a L;reat ipiaiitity of trees liiid liceii torn
from , he s,ii| ; in the midst of deep cxciivatioiis iniylit
he seen iiiiin rs lendiiig over their |iicks VNithwliicli
they drew loiih lumps of auriferous eartii, wliiili they
i-arried aw.iy to w.a-h nl ahoiit a mile distant ; wliile,
still farther oil', some one, more lucky lliiiii tlie rest,
slaiiding in liie walir up to his loins, was wasjiiiig tliin
earlh in a ll.ii i -pan, iiinl extractiiii; gold frini it.
"till eiilnr s'leoftlie ravine stood, in long array,
the iiiiners' du illing houses, consisting of tents of
every sh.ipe, and lints of cedar )ilaliks. I'.av iiig satis-
lied oiiisehes with the coiitcmjilalioii of the s| eelacli',
we continued on our route lor tira.ss A'alley, win re \\<i
arrived the iie.\l day alter. This plaia', thougli ii.oic
eonsideralile and important, )ircsented in almost eveiv
respeet the .same appearance as Hougii and Jteady.
"Seaiieiy had we arriviil, when iistriiini of the
eiirioiis i-siied from the siirroiiiiding tents mid liiit.s,
and watched with siirpri.se liie lianliiig out of our
preii.ais machiiie. We raised our tent under u Inend
shade of trees imlicaled to us li\ a pal ly ot Sw is.s,
with wlnuii we vi-ilcd the |ilaces in all its extent
heloi-e retiring to that rest of wiiidi we liad so nincli
need. Towards midnight we were all iiiTniscd hy a
tempest. Thetliniider growled sharp and i|nick, its
loud voice striking against and lieiiig repeiitod hy tlu>
ei hoes of the iliiee nioniitaiiis that liiiiig over tlie
plai-e, and seemed the more Icrriliic ; yet, llianks to
the iiewne-s ol' its cords, oiir tent stood hraveh' il[>
ai:aiiisl the shock of the wind, Imt not against tlio
r.iiii, whieii, living hefore the hl.ast, lilteied tiirougli it
in he.ivy drops, and a sleet wliicli (|uickly found its
w.iy through our eo\ erines and garments, ami wetteil
11- to the skill. .\t last caiiie the day, and we lighleil
an immense lire w iili the dry hr.inches that the Icinpest
had lirokeii down, and .so warmed our fro/.eii limh.s.
liiit this w,is not all that we liad to do; we iiad now
lo nniiint our machine and set it VMU'kiiig. 'I'o this
end we chose out u dniiii^ {Sir p Ml), wliere wo
made our liist experinienls. These were not at all
satisfactory. At last, iiaiipeiiing to lean over the re-
cipient in which the nierciiry was jilaied, 1 was iihle
to make out that the gold passed over it without
amalgainaling ; we were struck with eoiisternation at
this discovery, and thoiii^dit, with one coiiniion accord,
tli.it our mercury, wiiieli we had lent oliligingly to the
' .\ c7.i<m is 11 pii'ic "r^,'ri>iiiiil lo Ilie extent of tell feet i)i|iinro,
iiml III this evi'i V niiniT in ii placer liiis u right.
I)l«l't1ll
IS \vi> nil-
•tiniiiiti'ly
)lio, to let
(, niid iiiir
ct' (if th.'
li bv .liiv,
iiii|\iii'iii<;
I. tiiiind a
|iroc>iriiig
Vlliilgf III
1' VI' luul,
[net of ft
ttciii of a
iivt 1 liy a
ln'cii torn
oils iiiii^lil
lilli wliiili
iliicli llit'y
lit ; wliilf,
10 rest,
:i,'-liiiij; this
I frciii it.
oiig jiiniy,
f tents of
iivitij; siitis-
tl
CI'IIICU',
^1'
III) ot tllC
■i iiliil Inits,
Pill (if (iiir
Icr ;i lii( lid
1.1 S\\i.vs,
ts cMclit
I S(l liiiicll
iscd liy 11
(|iii( k, its
L'd liy till'
(ivcr the
lliiiiiks to
lively (i|i
ailist the
lir(iliL:ii it
fiiiiiid its
|ii(l vetted
(. li;;lited
I' teiii|iesl
:eli lillilis.
liiid now
'I'o this
here wo
it lit 111]
r the re-
itlii
lilt
Iniitioii lit
In aei'ot'd,
liy to the
Ct 8(lllRr(',
\ •■( I.AIM" l\ lAl.ll I'UMA.
394
ALL ROUND THE W0RL6.
captain of tlio Isthmus, to replace some that lio had
lost hiiiisclt' on tho coast of Jlcxico, hail ))cconi(' ilr-
torioratc(l. So we 1)(j,mii a;iain with pcisiviiaricc, lint
each time wo passed the inerenrv on the chamois skin,
there was not a single hit of guld sticking to it, where-
npon we came generally to the (unclusion that oin-
machine of itself was one \itterly unfitted to gold
waaliing. We i'elt very much out of heart ; my three
companions proposed nt once to cjissolvc tho society,
sharing the materials and what t'linds we had leit. 1
acce]ited the oiler, happy in thcpi>«ci of living alone
in the enjoyment of such a life of adventure, ami feeling
in that loneliness that I had attained the liberty to
which I aspired. TIkpsc gentlemen went olf to San
Francisco; I myself remained in (irass Valley long
enough to collect together some gold-dust, and so
procure the means of freely making the various excur-
sions that 1 liad jjrojected."
YII. -THE MINP:R and THE HUNTER.
" I NOW looked out for what was necessary foi' a man
to hegin work with; next I houglit of an Amei'ican,
who wa.s gning hack to New York, his hut and a set
of miner's tools. The claim I picked t)Ut at the top of
the valley, where I could lie alone with my thoughts.
What, though my hut was neither ^pacicaia nor elegant !
it was not tho less convenient. It stood u])on the
hanks of a stream, with grass and flowers before it, and
ut its back a iiine-trce of not less than twenty feet in
iliametir at its ba.se; my villa, less andiitinus, only
measured eight feet sipiare, and was tiirnied of pine
l^lanks nailed to pine jioh's, and lifted on the top of
each other in a inannei that insuri'd a free eirculatien
of air. In the middle was a small iron pet or tii]iiid
that helil the fire, and a still smaller cauldron inserted
in this constit\ited the whole of my kitchen ; liere 1
made my soup, boiled my fowls, fried my eggs, and
roasted my mnttcm, that is to say, whenever I could
get them. At the farther end of tho cabin was my ;
cani])-bed, made of fo\ir short sticks driven into the i
ground, with cross-jiieces at the si<les to join them, and [
some sacking nailed over them ; as for beil I made that
out of a .s.'ick of shavings nml oak leaves. Over my
jiillow, like a )irotecting a'gis, was Innig the )Mirtrait ,
of one 1 dearly loved — my good rifle and revolver
depending on each side of it.
" ]>ehind thi'hut I h.ive scratched out a garden, which
I sinTiiunded with a hedge of bushes, and planted with i
such fhiwei's and vi'getables of our dear France as I
woidd grow there freely. I'y the side of the g.trden ■
was ,1 little oven, .about a foot and-a half high, of earth, i
where I baked my bread, ai'd delieious I found it, ',
'• The miner, of whom I liad bought my cabin, had
left me some )ircivisions, including about fc:*y iiounds
of fine (lour. These remnants of stock were of immense
value to me.
"About a mile from mv ilwelling I discovered a small
jiarty of four miners. Canadi.iiis of I'Vench origin ; with
tliem I soon became (Ui friendly terms. Although of
infei'ior education tln'V were le.HKairabli! young feiluws.
1 had always ri'ason ti> be proud of my eonneetioii with
tlii^m, and rejoice in the end I was the means of their
aeipiiring a gooil forluni^. 1 have already spoken of
what my IhmI was made of. One ilay, on a fine after-
noon, 1 went u]i the side of a hill willi my sack and
rifle on my shoulder ; here I came upon a hollow that
was filled with driad leaves, into which 1 jumped up
I to my waist, and set to work, hands and feet, filling
I my .sack. After killing some small birds on the moun-
tain I w<'nt home to my i>cst. and as it was night when
! I got there, I took only a light supjier and went to
bed. F.iligue soon brought on sh'cp. About three
', o'clock in the morning, when my slumbers grew lighter
1 felt there was something (juickly moving uj) and
down in my sack, and in a manner that was by no
means assuring. Thinking it might be a rat, J carried
my hand down along the siick, and shuddered with
horror as 1 felt the shape of a snake, which turned its
head briskly in the direction of my hand. One bound
and I was outside the hut running towards my friends
the Cnnadi,iiis, to whom I relatdi my adventure, and
begged them to come back with me to the Jiut. lie-
entering with them, I em]itie(' the contents of my sack,
and saw escaiie from it a fine full-grown ratth'snake,
which glid;.l off to conceal itself under the trunk of a
fallen tree near my garden. Unaccustomed ;,o such
visitors, I was at first desirous of ajiproachiiig it more
closely for the jiuiiioso of a nearer insiiection, but the
ungrateful monster that I had warmed in my bo.«om
rushed upon the bayonet that I presented towards him,
and beg.in to bite at the barrel of my riHe. Fearing
that he might take a fancy to bite me, I put my finger
on the trigger and liti rally cut liiin in two. A\'e made
ouf; his lengtii to be four feet two inches, and I cut out
of his tail a dozen scales, of a ball-shaiie, which gave a
harsh sound when they weri! )iut in motion; this is
what is vulgarly (ailed the rattle of the snake.
"It Would sei'ui that, without kiowing it, Iliad
taken this snake out of Jiis hole wheic lie lay coiled
u)) and fio/.en, and brought him home in my .sack
with the oak leaves.
"There is also another enemy to be ft ared in this
country; he tloes not rec|uir(^ to be introduced into
youi house, for he knows very well how to get there
without iii\italion, whenever yiju forget to shut tho
door. One Suiid.iy evening, while I was at work in
my garden, for 1 ( cuild only attend to it cue day in the
week, I saw the shadow of a beast that looked like the
wolf of Euro]ie, just bounding out of my house on his
way to the forest. Seizing the rifle by my side, I fired
at the animal, who, feeling himself tickled by the lead,
dropped a wild turkey that I had killed the jirevious
evening. This was a cayotte (Caiil^ latrann), an animal
very common in these countries, and which liannts tho
neighbouiliood of the place rs for the sake of the .scraps
the miners throw away.
" Having often hi,ird sjieak of a niar.'^h about six miles
from Nevada lity, where game was very abundant, I
was tempted to ]iay it a visit, and taking with me a
mule that I had bought in the expectation of certain
long journeys th.at 1 had proposed, thinking this a
good ojilioitunity of testing her qualities or detect.s.
" My bearskin folded in four made me a comfortable
saddle, that I fixed on (he back of the quadruped with
the tent-rope that my jiartners had left behind them in
the Gap A'alley on their de|iarture. 1 managed to
cook up a bridle and stirrups by the same means. Such
was the equipage with which I took the road to tho
marsh. I certainly should not have reached before day-
light, but for an aceiden(al meeting with a miner who
was obliging eniaigh to put mo on the road.
" About a hundred jiaces fiimi the bank might be
seen a bush of wild roses, under which I went .and laiti
in .•inibush. At every instant the wild ducks and teal
touched my face with the {Kiints of their wings. I
cet, filling
the numn-
light wlitu
(1 went to
joiit three
("w ligliter
ig uj) and
was by no
, I carried
k'lcd with
turned its
Dne bound
my friends
nture, and
liut. Ite-
)f my sack,
iittii'sii.ikc,
trunk (if a
>d lo such
ng it more
on, but the
my biisdui
wards him,
Fearing
t my finger
\Ve nuule
d I eut out
liith gavt! a
uM ; this is
ke.
a it, I had
u lay coiled
a my sack
[tred in this
hieed into
j;,'t there
shut the
work in
lav in the
dliketlio
jiise on his
ie, I fired
the lead,
|)rcvi(nis
an animal
lunts the
the scrajis
it six miles
bundant. 1
itli me a
of certain
ling this a
leteets.
omfortablo
i-uped with
id them in
lanaged to
ans. Sueh
)ad to the
I icfore day-
miner who
might be
it and laid
[S and teal
wings. 1
ttiOU THE ATLANTIC TO THB PACIFia ^^
even knocked down many of them with the barrel of ' the shape of a portemonnaie, full of gold-dust, for his
my rifle; but it was notagainst the feathered race that I ' small exiK'nses.
laid declared war. I saw something better than that, j " I jiassed a jilcasant evening at this tavern with iny
From time to time I was oliliged to make my mule | friend from Nantes ; there were guests from all jiarts
ehaiige its jdaec, for the botti>ui was not by any means ' of tlie weald, and stories of every dcscriiitiun.
firm, and there was a risk of my seeing it swallowed u|) j " It was hard to leave such coiiijiany, and the reader
if I ilid not take this precaution. I wius in this will not be siir]irised if it were not but a very little
position about three iiours, when my attention was j time befori! the risiru,' of the sun that I started
attraete<l by a sound like that of a rushing wind com-
ing down the mountain in front of which the marsh
V as situated, I had scarcely time to drop two more
balls into the barrd of my rifle than a ii agnilieent herd
of stags and does appeared on the edge of the forest ;
about ten paces in advance, a superb buck of ten
branches marched at their head, lie halted with an
air of inquietude, raised liis beautiful head and snorted;
well I knew by this that ho had winded me, and,
fearing to see them re-enter the woods, I fired off both
barrels, with no ojiportniiity of judging their etlect, as
I felt mysi.'lf that moincnt liiUMeliLd into s[)ae(,', and
was only stopped in my jirecipitale (umrso by the
lipttoni of the lake. This was owing to the confounded
mule, wild, taking fright at the explosion of my fire-
erins, thought it best to give a vigoious jump and get
lid of me tlie be.it way she eould.
" As soon as I could get on my fed again I caught
sight of her making off towards the forest. J was
soon after her ; and thanks to the lovg bridle that had
got round her legs, and forced lier to g,
legs, I was not long in ciiteliiug her.
" Although Ciiven«l all over with mud, and wet to the
skin, I slill jmslied on to the o|ieiiiiig in the forest
out of which the herd of deer had come, and there, to
my great delight, I saw a noble stag streli'hed on the
ground with one of my ritlc-ba'ls in his side ; this was
R nioi-sel of consolation in my di>aster. [ was much
sooner eomtorted than dried ; f(a' my tinder had got
wet in iiiv forced bath, and I couM not light a tire.
So I maii.iged w ith a great deal of trouble to jmt the
slag entire across my mule, and directed my stc[)S
towards Ne\ad,i city, to carry out a little plan I had
conceived for selling my game.
"I arrived there towards mid-day, just at the time
when the miners were returning from their 'claims'
to dinner. As 1 .•idvaiieed bravely up the only street
of the village, I shouted out in Kiiglish, ' Venison, at
one dollar a-pound '.' Such a ca]iital idea was crowned
with success; for scarcely had I readied the bottom
of the street, which was not alxive two hundred yards
long, than I had .«old every pound, and gained '-wo
hundred dollars in gold dust.
" Now came another ray of good fortune, for two of
my French coinpatrir,,s, who kcjit a tavern, to whom I
had sold the two haunches of my deer, invited me to
<liniier, and during the dessert informed iiio of their wish
to enter into a contract with me to supiily tln'iii witli
game during the wludo year. I acceiited this ciui-
traet for so long as I should remain at (!ra.ss Valley,
without binding myself to any ])artieular time. As
we were all of us I'retons, our words were as good as
our bonds, and no written agreement was thought
necessary.
" In this village, as in all the jdacer.s, goM and .silver
off on my mule again on the r ad to Grass Valley."
VIII.— DEPARTURE FOR THE INTERIOR.
" M'eeks and months thus rolled on, between work
at the 'claim' and the pleasures of the chase, the
latter of which, strange to say, generally brought more
jirofit than the former. At last came the moment
when I could no longer resist the imperious desire that
urged me towards the deserts of the east ;*eoiisequeiitly,
alter having placed niy cabin in the c.Tieofthe Cana-
dians, and deposited my little fortune also in their loyal
hands, I made, one fine moining, my final jireparation
for departure. My beaiski'i and my hammock, folde<l in
four, were ]ilaced on the back of my mule, ,aiid fastened
with my tent rojies ; on the top of these I iilaccd the
haversack containing my jn'ovisions, and, mounted on
them all, I gave a last loving look at my peaceable
herniitage, my flowers, too soon perhaps to wither on
their stems, deprived of my tender caie ; gave a friendly
p on three grasp to my Canadian neighbours, and with a happy
heart, eager with hope and adventurous emotion, 1 set
forth on my way. i had contrived for myself a kind
of cabin with W(jlf'-skiii", for my red woollen shirt
was <piit<: Used np. AVith this e(|uipage I was a fine
likeness of Itoliinson Cni.'-oc, all but the skin umbrella,
instead of wMeh I had a r.ipiiehius cowl of the same
stuff as my garment, which 1 found infinitely more con-
venient, wlii'her marching or reposing, awake oraslee]).
"The early ]iart of my \oyage ])assed without any
incident worthy of rejioii. 'Hie day was fine, a bril-
liant sun gilded the top of the tree? of the forest. I
voyaged along under a dome of natural verdure, in
which mvriads of birds Huttereil about and sang,
ai>parently but little frightened at my ]ireseiice. I
made about forty or filty miles of my jiairiipy without
meeting any Indians, under the gigantic shade of
sombre and deep forests, or these vast ]iines {Sec ji. ,'169),
the pride of the Sierra Nevada (Taxv/f/iMHif/fV/dii^piim),'
1 Al)out tliirty miles from Sonom, in tlie district of Caluverns,
yon Clime to wlK\t is callid tlio the Stanisliis Hiver; iiiiil,foll(i>viiij.'
one of it.s trilmtaiics tliat iii.irnnirs tlirnii);li a (tec)), wmdi'it lied,
jiiu reach tlic Maiiiinuth 'Ircc Valley, which lies 1,500 IVct ahevo
tlic level of the sea. In tliis valley, which takes its iiaiiic thence,
Mill fitul yourself in the Jircscnce of the giants of the vcpclulilu
worlil; ami tho nstoiiishiiuiit with which you contcmiilate from
11 distance ihe.'c tnwcrlil.e coiiilei a', rising far ahove the lofty
)iiiiB woods ishicri'ascd when, on n nearer nii]iroiicli, ynn hcconio
Hwarc of their jiroih^'ious diincnsions. 'J here i» ii family of them,
consisting of ninety luenihers, pcottcr. d over a simce of almut
forty acres; and the sn;alle.«t and fcelilcsl among them is not le.HS
tliai'i fifty feet in diameter. You can ncnrccly believe your eyes
as you look np to their crowns, which, in the most vigorous of cho
colossal stems, only liegin at the height of a hundred mid fifty
feet or two humlred feet from the ground.
Whctlicr it is the enormous girth of the gray moss-gn wn
trunks, the incredilile lieights,i.rthe8trait;ht,licantiful grev/ths,
never niaile their appearance as coin ; in allcomnu icial that produces so iimverful an impression, it islonu before you ran
tran.s.actions, g Isare boitghtar.l paid for in gold-dust; collect yonr thoughts sufficiently to be able .luictly to consider
"^ .,.'', 1 i their peculiar chur.u'tcristics, and determine to what tiwcics they
thus you sec two pairs of scales on every shoii-counter, ,,^,,^,,,^, 'Ihev arc conifer rthef.mily oftheS^i/f.oia (Endlichcr),
one to weigh the goods, and the other the jnice. ,„|,l niany names have been assigned to th.'in by various iKitniests
Every miner carries about with him a leathern purse, iu who huvo liceu nud doncribed tlicm, WeUingtoKia of biiidlgr
m
ill ftotmf) unt i^cmt.
where ttie CalmfieM relpnin;; nrmiiiil ixTvadcd my
spirit with a sontiriiciit of i()ii)si' unci liii|i|iiiu;sH such
as I liud never really felt until thei). .My very soul
seemed at rest here, and to liave lost every th()Ui,'ht of
the troubles of life.
" It wxs about six o'clock wlieu I arrived by tlio side
of a {>lea.sant stream .sliuded w'
oaks. This was a cliarmini; po.
"My fir.st care after tliiswadtolijrhtnfire, ami pluek
two ('alifornian j>artrid;,'es, wbieli «ere spitted upon a
.stick rest inj,' tipou two othe's ; as tiiey were very fat,
I ]iut my tin plato under them to caleh thi^ i:ii\\\,
and then I had a glorious repast, wliicli only wanli d a
bottle of our IJretou cider to make it jieileet. 'J'his
willows .•ind youiii,' iiational nectar I replaced by the water of the brook,
n for c;ini|iini,', for, licpiid and fresh, such as are all stiemis in the eountrv
on either side the stream was bordered with a bank of of the Jtoeky Mountains. At ni^dlt, I suspendi d mv
grass, enamelled with flowers as fresh as the morninj^: hanimoek between the branches of a pine, not ftelir^
80 I loosened my mule to ji.isture in the.si! charmini; <|uite .sure of the delights of a night ]iassed on the
nieail.iw.s, atul stretcheil myself on the grass, where 1 grass l)y the sidn of a stream, but still, within hearing
inhaled with delight the balmy odours of the forest, of its meloiliouii niurnuirs. I cut down with my
After sufficient repose, a bath under a natural arcade hatehet ii large (piantity of branches, which made uid
of branches and entwining Ho'.vers, just such a bathing a niagniticent coueli through the night, ami .served
]i]aco .as a naiad might envy, recruited my strength, , me as the safeguard against the indiscreet visits of any
and restored to my limbs that su|iplene.ss a journey of j ferocious beasts.
such a length as I liad gone through usually deprives ' " I awoke witli tlio dawn as the birds were singing in
them of ; for, to ea.se my n)ule, and, still more, from t!io bushes. How gratefid to the heart of the traveller
the true feeling of a sportsman, I had walked the is sucli a ]ile.isant awakening — those sweet notes that
listance on foot. give to his heait that a.ssuraiiee of ])eace and courages
.so necessary to a man wandering in forest.s, thou.sands
of miles from his native land. All that surrounded
ir<u!ii,iqto/iia of the Anipricans. Kcm.v calls it tlic Mam- mo then was so beautifid and so sweet, that I have
awtlj tnv, S<r">ia viff'",te.,. Most nf thom have blunt teps, j oC^,,,, r,.i;,vtted noL having been born in these primi-
winch liuve hoen iiippcd or . okon oil liy storms m winter, j .• • ii i. t • i .. i !• i ■
or l.v the muss of snow rcstiiif,' upon tLein, otliers have hern , V^," '■'"""":• ^liit i »i"lglit have lived t ' 'ro ever jieaee-
injnr'eil at their hase by fires innde bv tlio Imliaiis ; aiiil others, j *>ll, and .satisfied m the continual Contv. iplatiou of the
npain, have siiircred from tlie avarice of tlio wliite po/nilalion, in I beauties of creation,"
the restless seareli after evervtliiiifj in nature that can hriiig tliem
pecuniary profit. Witli this motive, one trunk lias h-jen rohluxl
to llie lieiL'lit of fifty feet of its tiark, whieli has lieeneariieil about
and exliiliited in various parts of the world; and a spiral stairease
afterwards cut in it, liy whieli visitors (payiui;f u' tljeir adinissimi)
ascended to a considerable iiei^j^lit. 'i Ih' owner of this distrirt,
who also nets as j^uide to visititrs, liad given a name to every tree
aceiinlinjr !o its positicm, or to some eireuinslaneo uhout it tiial
had strui'k liis fancy. The tree that lias heeii cut down was
denominated " Hii; tree," int without reason, as it is ninety -sit
feet in circumference, conseipienty tliirty two feet in diaineler,
and three hundred feet hi^jli; it took live men twenty-tive da\s
to f 11 it, and the only way this couUl be elfected was hy horin^
li'iles in it, which were tlien hrmijflit into eouiuetion by tlie a\e.
The stuuiptliat was left has hi'cu sniootlied at the top, andolV.'rs a
Burfice on wliieh it is said sixteen pairs of waltzers can perform
their ijyrations, without interfering^ with one anntiicr's niove-
mmls. Hy counting,' the riotrs it would seem lliat that trre must
liave obtained the au'O of 3,000 years. Another, called ".Miner's
(.'ahin, ' from a hollow ill tlie tniiil:, is cij^lity feet round, and also
three 'lundred feet lii;,'!!. """.e "Three Sisters" are three trees
that ai mar all to firm the same root, ami the iniilille one mily
beirins to iret its branches at the lieij.'ht of two liundred feet: its
circumfereneu is nine feet, and its lieij;lit three hundred feet.
Besides these tliere aro " Old liai-helor," "Ilushand iind Wife,"
neither much inferior in size to those [ liave nu ntioi.ed; and even
more colossal is the "Family tirouji," consi>tiMf; of father,
mother, and twenty-four children. The father has fallen some
years api, has sttuck another tn'J in its fall, and has broken olf
in a length of tlirce liundred feet, the entire trunk nieasuriiif;
four hundred and fifty feet j at the place where it limke, its cir-
cumrerence is firtj feet, and at tlie hase one hundred and ten
feet ; tlie mother is ninety-one feet round, and three hundred and
tweiily-seveii feet ln>;b; and aootlier lio l.iw trunk, which is
liroken olf in a leiiijth of wveiity-fivc feet, is deiKiiinated the
" Ilorsehaek Kider," heeause a man on liorsehaek i an ride con-
veniently thriaigh it from one end to the otiier j ami there is also
•Tilde Tom's I ahin," a trunk throe liiindred feet lii^'h, and
ninety feet round, with a hollow at the hase in whieli li.ercis
plenty of ri i for a party of tive-and-lweiity. The ret t that
forms the entrance to this tree is t«o and a-l.alf feet liroad, ami
ton feet lii;;li, and certainly few of tlie gold-diirfjers Iiave Riieh
•paeioiis dwellinj^s as its interior presents. It is most prievons ' ■
tliink tliat the-o inapniticent monuments of the power of ve^'i'ta-
tion should fill a prey to the dc'strnctiveiie.ss of man, when after
tin
still
their tliousands of years of exi:
enoU(;h to remain, if they were left untuuelied, as ohjicts of
wonder and adiniratiou to geiieraliuii after geucruliuu of our
shortdiveJ rae«.
IX.— MY ADVENTURES.
"After some day.s' travelling, and numerous dangeis,
increased by meeting with men and animals in regiotn
seldom freiitiented by iMiropeans, dangei-s, vvlmsi' con-
stant reciirienco niacle them a daily habit, I traversed
the southern extremity of the niotintains, whence the
Itiver lluniiiiildt flows to the west, and, ascending be-
tween the Lakes Nicollet and Sevier, jicnetrated witliin
that jiortiou of the Sierra Wall, where the seatch for
gold, and the flight tif the ■Mormons, liave caused to
sjniiig up the (ii-eat Salt I ake City and that of Fill-
ninrc, the iioiiiin.il ea]iital of the iNlormon state of Utah.
Ibit, as yet, the sombre canons or ]iasses of those moun-
tains (.s'<e jiage 365), and the gigantic forests of their
side.s, had never been gone over but by jianthers and the
no-lcss .savage men belonging to the numerous sub-divi-
sions of the Pah I'tah Indians.
" While eiicaiiijied one night on tlio bank of a water-
course, w liich, too late, I recognised as an aflliteiit of
the l!io Verde, 1 was roused up by tlie growling of
a bear, but in a particular tone that was not by anv
means re-a.ssuring. .As soon as it was daylight I
looked to the cliirge of my rifle, and dropjied in some
iron shot in jil.ici! of a leaden bullet. J do not know
wlnit was in the air, but I felt a kind of ]ire.sentinient
that was not ominous of good,— a spasm of the Ik art
that seemed to .say, ' mind what you are about.' I
f.illowed this advice, and about nine o'clock resumed
my journey. As the river lay along in the direction
<d' my rout<s I kejit on its bank until the middle of tlio
ilay, and was then about to Jiliiiige into the forest,
w Inti my attention was awakened by cries in the dis-
t.uiee. Following the Indian fashion, I brought my
ears in close jiro.ximity with the earth, and could then
distinctly make out a hubbub of shouts. At one
bound 1 threw myself into a eliniip of cherry tiicsaiel
willows <in the bank of the strc.im, and with my bellv
to the ground, like a fo.v that sees the hunter, i waileil
J LI.! FJEUIJ m^-IAAJLM-TTTT^r^^BM
' a wntiT-
luciit of
iwliiii; lit'
liv aiiv
,'lLt I
111 sdtno
it know
•utiiiii'iit
III art
out; I
llSllIIK'll
(lirt'i-ticm
M.ftllO
ioivst,
the (liti-
L.'lit my
i.l tlit'ii
At <1IH^
ii.y l.clly
i wailed
I' !
{ .:!
rvm
<sm
rifle in hand. Aftdi- the Jiipso of a few tiiiiiiifoH I
caught sight of a Imiid of liuliim.s, of all a-'es and
sexes, runnir.g towards the opiiositc^ l)ank, and'"leapin.'
into the water like so many frogs. I thought I was
about to be attacked, and ])ut myself on the defensive
but I soon rt'cognised my (rr..r, for the Indians seemccl
a gi'eat deal more frigbteiKd than 1 could possibly ,sui
pose they v"—'-i 1 * :- - — -<■ ' . •' '
Were swim
latter carriei
two children rolled up ill their bircli-work cradles, si
Prom THK ATLANTIC to TM PACIrtd
went through hi., jaw ,, I ,^., '' """ "* "'y ''^'"s
other stuek"i„,,i:i!:;.i[:' ;-■'•; "t his neck, the
and in u vi„l„„t ,.ft;,rt to et f 'i' " **'''''"''' ''"'»''
theibotofthewi,),...",i-,-;;;';;;;;;;^i^^^^^^^
eal ,n.n-e fiigbtencd than I could possibly sup: h fa L .,^" "n' "'^ ^^■^ "I' a»d at n . :.
w.mld be at .seeing me. Men 'and women ; an.rmy rZ fver le t' T" 'T '"""^ *" '•^"'"-' »'y H^
nmn.g as hard as they could, only ,.s the I amon/tl,?) i J '°"«'"' *" "••<'-■ had irot sf . I'
ried almost all of ,l,..,a uu their backs one or a Zf,, , t'l ',f *''" ^^'"-^ "' >"/ gi -H .. h
ren rolled up in their birch-work cradles, so ! ' < l" t ■ ^„' "''' ""* '''''^^ ''*•
.howing itieif to be a grimly b.;;::u.;riv;:,;u^du::i;: I '^:j^zfSJ::: 'Tl ^^}^^':Mu'i:::z:::
the terror of a timorous heart, and the king of bea.sts 1 outan ..„ I \- '"•'">■ "■ '^'-^t '^'"'t from n v riH,.
.. these regions. He swam with such vig,n.r that he ' JnlnX.;' ■ i^^Ci^jf ^:f' I Y' 'f"" -ari; tl. ;
was soon close upon the last of the s,,uaws, a ,,oor young I of the will u "., V '""' ''"» ''•"■« the v -rv roots
mother towing behind her two lit.H« ..hlu..J ...i.f^ "i 1^, '''"'"'' ■'""' *"'•>! ■ ly loots
cried whenever their moullis wei
w.itei. The Ii ^
Ml row.s at the bear, but the distance between them was
yet too great, and he was not hit.
"In a scene so distressing, it was not in my power to
remain a calm and sdtisli spectator.
n,c^her towing behind her two little children, who : that'u,e"t:;:;'w,^'v ',;::;;";;:;">; ^"'" ^-■— pieces
-henever their moutl,s were not filled with and knueke.l outl. tt,K ^ "i'-'t -'lldselaws
J he Indians, on then- siile, shot their poLsoned i after the li„Ii.,n ' I ^'' '">' ''■"'•"■tas a tiopbv
b the bear, but the distance between t.h„.., ,.,... I x ^'"".■'." '"«'""". •'""I then, like a true si.orts'
man, I cut hii
".diets in hisbod^7hLt"I^^*; 1'" r''' '"<''"y
l-l been shot thn^ugh three tim':.! Vl'r tl '"""'
leaineoutofmyhiding.Vlaci^andaftercallingupon f SZ,eetr,r^^^^^
.•.ndeom|,ellingtlie Indians, who were stroi„.Iv .litp, id choni rwh I, ' f^'M^nied witl/a so,,., a,
." ^.ke to flight at seeing me to coi.ti, .,■ nL in I .ast;::^om^'iii';«'^I co„,,, recog„i., „ ,",Z
(lisehargmg th<..r arrows, I pl,;eed my trusty rifle iu the ' tli,.y nronounce^l ,v . ? 1^" I""'*'^"'"!' wui.is wl,i,.|,
i..rk of a willow-branch, to make sure of mv aim, and I seated on el^'l"-''- ^ ^''^ '^''"' «" "". »n
<i.-ed a long shot. My ball struck the liorrifde he^d of them in thl cholt '' s"'" 1' '"•^' '"'">•' J--'' -iil,
thev came un .nt. 1,.'.. /.'!,V'^ *'"'.' ^ ^'.'"^ it "H l<i>"llv.
(lie monster, and I .saw him shake it in the river,
wlio.se waters became red with his blood. His .speeci
liecame manifestly slower. Then, .seiziiig.'n Indian, who
seemed to be the husband of the unl.ijky scpiaw, I
jiiislied him in the water to go and help Lis wife, who,
I)aralysed with fear, and impeded by lier burden, could
scarcely manage to swim ; but " I was obliged to
menace liiin with my rifle to compel him to do so. I
then brought my rifle to my shoulder, and .sent another
iron ball cmshing into the skull of the grizzly bear,
which stopped liis career in ju.st suflicient time to
allow the Indian woman to regain the bunk, which she
had no sooner touched with her feet, than .she fell
almost senseless. I made a sign to the three Indians-
father, brother, and husband of the unfortunate woman
—to bear her away in siifety to the forest. Embol-
dened by my first sncces.s, I v.,s now inclined for a
iina<! intimate acquaintance with my ten-ible game, so
(|Uickly dropped a couple t>f balls into my rifle,
and slinging it behin.l me, climbed uj. into one
of the willows that fringe; the river banks. I
had scarcely instidled my.solf, and had not yet had
time to fix myself to one of the biunches bv
means of my belt, from a fear that my feet might
slip, when the monster should eome crawling u]) the
trunk of the willow, foaming at tlie mouth, and cover-
ing mo with his fwtid bieath. At this time I was
still ignoniut that gi-izzly boars do not climb tree.s,
an.l .so in my fear, and with the object of 8toi)piiig
they came un at kst 7^ ", ^ ^""^ '' "" ^
n.e^utotiieK.^\*;i:::^^^^^^^^
they appearcl enchanted ''' ^'""^ -""■'''' "■"'
inZis^io kucrr liti:": '••■/'''^v'^' --'^ *'-
speech e. mliaticTu s , ; ^'■""'^'' "'"''''■^^-'l >"c in a
a.pn.priate:-„r:'S ;;;'"; ^^''''■'' -"''"' -'than
skinshngrat/tude; loi^r ;vt"r'''r';'*''v-'
h'ft this gentleman h..dfv • f ''"''" *""^'' '
such plaiTi speak ;/Two\r"'''H''''" *" '^•l''>- *"
betterwhat o,....v^, inL^'T "'';:'-''>«'s i knew
tl.oroughlvah.ne n ,1.,| "^''^ ntterwar.ls I was
Indian whie I " ,^ '^i^jf "«^ 'f '''^ ^^y ^'^'^
Sr'ct;st;.i:Tr^^
;..h,enlywithd.wn
""^fl tT"' r''"''' ■'^*'"^'^- *''^' ^"'•^'' -ithin
^^^fiilX."^^
c-ndit sii f t^^'«;.I'-'"l"-g from behind which ]
cai iglit s gl t o my Indian frien.l. The ungrateful thief
.a. got behind a rock, and was looking'! tftr he
^r^ "If t'""t""'"'". ''''■^ ''"'"*« ^f his arroi:
... led, that IS to siiy they were poisone.l. My part
-us now taken. I fired, and my ball hit him a ifttle
404
ALL ROUND THE WORLO.
, 1 ::r(l
licliiw tlio riglit an.i|iit. Ifi' t'll ovit tlic> i k, wlu'licc
iic ri'iiKiiiii'il siis|i(iiili'i| Willi liis :iniis li:iiit;iin,' ilowii.
Sliii^'iii!' Iiiv lilli- I rliiiilMil t(i«Miil> liiiii, wnikiiii^' my
way u|i liv lilt' JiitliiiL; jiici'i's uf tlic mck mikI tlu' nints-.l'
fill! ti'i'i's, bill ;is tlic |iii.-sn,'o was a dillicult unc. siilli
cii'iit tiiiii' >'l;i|i,scil (ill liiiii to rci'iiviT liiiiisi'll' lu'Tirc I
liail rcatliiil ti»!tii|). Willi an .lu'ilily Mirpii'-iii;,' in (nic
so yrii'^'i'iisly woiiiiiii'd, lie i; liiicil llic jilatcaii ln'liin- I
ciililil piissilily si'iiil aiiiitlicr shot into liiiii, ciiiliarra^si'ii
as I wa.s liy tin- (Hlliciilty of tlu' groiiinl. WIumi 1
ri'aclicil tlio platcan niyscif liu was iilriMily a i|U,ii-tir
of a mill' in advance, llying across the jilain. '!"o
I'lillow would liavc liccn folly. I sont a oonical liall
iil'i'T liini, which was all 1 I'oiihl do, hut it did not
liil him, as the distance was too Ltnit.
" I canii' down from the rock, and jiassin;,' round hy
the .side whence my ungrateful homicide h id dischari,'ed i
his arrows, ohservcd llw stain of his blood. All this
did not give me much rclisii tor my breakfast, and I
set t'orili on my journey again sad. and full of thought.
Next dav, towards eleven o'cloik, a v,ii;iii' and con-
fused murmur atlr.ieted my attention. \N'ith no very
coiiif irlalile It'cling [ ]iut my ear to the ground, and
loo soon <MUie to the coinii'tioii that a w,ir-|iaftv of
liidi.nis Well' on my tr.iccs. Flight was impossible,
coiiccilment ei|ii.iliy iisiless, tor I was betrayed. Con- :
filling, therefore, ill my liicK-v star, I w.iited theii'
I'liiiiing with a linn foot, my back a^.iinst a tree, jind
niv face to tlc' eneni ■. A few minutes and they were -
within si.Nlv |i:ices of me. Aii'ows without number
now fell aioiinil m.', but I w.is jiroti'cted by the trees
lliil :.'rew ihickli on the spot. My first im|mlse was
|o ili'i'ciid iiiy~elt' with my revolver, Imt wlicii I s.aw
tlieiii coniiii'; nearer and nearer with their jioisoiioiis
darts, I began to think of surrcndei', and a thoiiL;lit of ;
my connlry cime over my soirit — sweet thought !
that counselled prudence. \ laid my arms at the foot
of the tni! that I li.id cho-eii to li.ick me U[). and
adv meed towards t hem. 'I'h \' received me with their
arrows on the .-.Iriu^', and a tierce war-cry welcoinrcl
my resolve, I was , it once surrounded, laid upon the I
grolliid, .I'ld tied hinds aud feet.
" I ad lr.-~eil niy--e|f to jiim wlio appeai'ed to be the
iliii'f of the liibe, but lie replied in the Iieliau latigiiaL,'e
with .some words which I did not under-tan. 1. .M'ter
a gre.it many wonls and not h^ss gestures lAchaiiLred '
between us, I thought I could inidcrst.ind that there
w.is a ipiestioii whether to carry me. or untie my le^'s.
The chief it app.'ars, w.is incliiied to the llrsl plan,
but others of the b.ind, who had taken my measure
ami I'.il.Milated my Weight, had no inclinaiioii for such
a burthen, so they voted for the second jdan ; there
w.is an inlermedi.ite nietliod )iroposeil for killing' me
at OIK e. but lil''kily the sci'oiid pl.-in cari'ied the dav.
The l;i-t.iiniL:s on my h'l,'-. were looseni'd. and 1 s.i out
on ;i |i,itli across tlf forest, led .'iloug by the Indians
at a sl.i-liiiiL.' p.ice.
" Towards t A lorl.irk we were stoppe.l in oiire ours,'
by a river, wiiich they m.| themsi'lves to cro>s by
swimming, tind one of the most I'obust of the band
was told oir to carry me on liis b.ack, where I was
fastened wMh ihoie_'s of biilliilo's hide. I confess it
W.IS not without fi;ir that I s.aw the eommeiieenient of
tin's ojjer.itioii. the more s.i. becaii<i' niv hands. beitiL.'
still bound, the danL.'er would be imiiiiiieiit if the
Indi.in was nut a idever swimmer. I did ,ill I coiild
to make tiie chief niiderstand tli.it I knew how to
swim, and tliat )•" lie would let them unbind mo I j
could swim aen ss (is well as tliey ; but whctlior fifl
did not understand niv sii;iis, or did not feel inclined
to trust me, the arrang"iiieiit i-cmaiiied as it was. My
bag, my arm.-, all the boo'y takiii with me, was linule
up into n bundle, ami launched into the river nt tlio
same time as ourselves. I soon saw that my Indian
w.is a good swimmer, ami we rapidly reaeheil the other
side, wlieri^ we li.illed in the middle of ti small creek,
bordered with reeds and mpiilic ]ilants. As it was
very cold I wtis soon dry, fur tiny had not taken tho
pieiautioii to take off my skin-coat. We followed the
com. sc of the river for .ilioiit an hour; then we cnnie
upon nn afUuetit, wlio.se conr.so W(Mollowed,nnd twenty
minutes alterwanls eaiiie iijioii tliiee Iiiiban ennties
hid.leii aniiaig the willows on the river's side. 'J'lieso
eaiioes were an ingcnioiis work, const rneled of willow
branches woven togclher, and covered with the skins
of horses ingeniously sewn together. Si ated in these,
and ini]iellcd by jiaddles, we ascended thtt river, and
after two hours' paildling I was .able to distinguish
aliout two miles oil' iin immense ]u'!iirie before tis,
covered with whi.t I should hii\e thought to be n great
number of hay cocks, if a little stieak of light smoke
across the blue sky had not sufliciently indicated them
as the dwellings ot a tribe of Indians. As soon as wo
had reached the ]irinei|ial creek where the fleet of
canoes were moored, the inhiibitiints of these huts
ciught sight of >is ; dies of joy hailed our iirri\id, and
more than a thous.ind ehihiren, women, and men
h'.irried down to the river bank, 'i hose moi-t ini-
|i.itieiit to see me threw tlicniselves into the liver with
nio-t grotesi|Ue contortions, ami surnamded the canoe,
about «liicli the children Jilnnged iind di\ed like .so
m/iny young ]iorpoises.
" L Wiis seized and carried to land in the midst of a
considerable crowd. ( -ur entrance through a large
s'reet. formed by two rows of lints, was followed imme-
diately by the arrival of the great chief, who gave
orders, without delay, to kceji tit a distance the crowd,
now become so compact lliiit I felt as if stifled by a
girdle of living beings. The road wi' came along
was e:i an asieiil, aial I ]ierceived befoie us the
hut of the ( hill', which was nincli higher and kirger
than the others; a i rowd of Indians of both sexes
were niounled on the top. the belter to enjoy thu
full j) (I'll il, nevertheless, instead of going directly
there, my eseoit took a turn to the right, through the
labyrinth of huts, and stopped before one of them,
into which I was made to enter, no one follow ing but
the gieat chief and three Ind.ian inferior eliicls. Tho
thick smoke with which the hut was filled ineventej
my at lir.-t distinguishing tiny objects within it, but
liivin;; been led to the bottiun, I found, lying on a mat,
the Indian who I had Wounded the previous evening
with a rifle ball ; near him was his srpiaw, with idl liis
relations. The chief dem.inded of me, in Sjianish, if
I knew this Indian I 1 made a sign that I did. Ho
then raised the bufTalo skin that eovereil the nnm, and
|ioitite(l with his finger to the wound produced by my
liall. They had a])]ilied to it a .'ort of Jilaster of brui.sed
leaves. When interrogated on the origin of that wound,
I was not inclined to coni'cal my being its tiuthnr.
" Mv crime being thus verified, 1 was conducteil to
the coiincillnit, accompanied by a considerable crowd.
riioui,di larger th.iii tlu; other hmi.ses of the tiibe, it
dilli'i-ed nothing from them in oonstniction — branches
of o:ik stuck in the ground, and covered with In titen
mud. The Indians of this tribe are of good size anil
mm
^t of a
1 lillfe'O
iimne-
iiwd,
!))■ a
tlio
:irgcr
SI'XI'S
tlic
rcctly
the
tlicm,
i; but
Tho
nit.'il
Imt
I mat,
■iiiiig
11 his
sh. if
He
u, and
y my
niisfil
Ollllll,
•(I'll to
liiwd.
•ilif, it
inchi's
„;lt<'l.
IMUANS c)l'- rilK RIi) CDI.OKADi).
"
PROM TIIR ATLANTIC TO TIIR PACIFIC.
407
:::;';if:i :;::;:: "III?:::-;:-;;:-.-;;;;;; ;;».;;;..» ■„ !
iKlit'': .i|..Im. ..„„,,„.„, n.vs of.l... „„.,:i,..r.s .„ it
■ . ...,1 „n,| MlMT H su.li,.i,.ntly ,minmt..,l .lei,,,!.., tl ,'
!i:i:,ls';ij'''''''*'^'-'''' '''•■''••"' ^1 ^i.. *),.. <;,„„;,,„
■'' NVlMTrro,x.lM.tl,,. !•,,!,. F,,,. ..,,,,,.. tutl,..s,.n.,,i,,,,,
,y<^-n..uw,u.,,ntlM;Ti,,,,,Ml I,,. ( Ixt l,i,„ ,.„.;!
,'l'" <'r.:.'.t Cli.rf .,niK,t null,,,, waits, tl,u( l,u 'v
.I'lstlty 1 self if |„, ,,,„• '"■'>
''"'"• '■'!" ••""'•'•/ I r''Pli.'l, 'l,,M.s..,„t,l,.,-hn.,.,|«„r
'"■ ",'l«!".« t" '•'" K>-"'t tri f tl,; Tin „„-l,..s a
sul„ ,nM„„ „,• ,1„ l.,l,.ih.hs, is sihiat . il.
•":.'I...;s ,,»■,,!,,. H,,„ J,,,,, Kiv..;. H„.il„..,„v:f
'•On cml,.rinK (I,.. I.ouso of f),,, ,.l,i..f, w.. f,.,„„l .ss..,„-
1 •;".•'• tl,.. .,„„• ,,nn..,,„.l ,.|,i,.ls, ^vl„^ s..,a.,l „t M,o
■I «t t\w l,„t, w,.,-,. n^s,uuu•i my cnnu,,;;. TIm.s,.
-nn„.nn,K.,.M. K,.d, „f tl,,.,,, 1,„,| l,is t„„'ulli i;;,^ ;^;:;^V'" '^""^'■'"^ '- -"-'t'a,.k,.,l nud .1,.,; ,„l,.,l |„
1 1ms s„I,., nud won, an ,...,.l,-s n,at|,„,. i„ ,.i,' ,,„j,.
-t M ,1 l,,a,.. claws; „,.o„n,i t|„.i,. wai.t l,u„. tails of
tl. NNoit orlox Il„. nitrriorof tl„.co„nril-lu,t«as
ii'l"nir.l with the tropliM's of wai. (\,,. p 3si )
" TIht. w..,v s..ali,sa,„l anns of ..vwy ki,„|, tak.Mi in
''"'••'■nt .■o,„l,als: skins of tli,. pantlirr and of thr
'"•i'l;. 'i"'I one tiiiii^r that slni,.k mo sii,^r„|arlv was tin-
"..■.■tiii^. n-ain, nnionjj tjas,. spoils, with the "skin of a
nmnst.ons s,.r|„.nt that I ha,l kilh.l sonietin,,.. l„.fon.
that [ ponutrat..,! into th,. Sienna Wah ; J <.o,il,| „ot
<ll'C'01Vl'(l. t ICll' W:W tliiif .l.......ll'..l 1 1 ■ 1 ,
liiin show the woiinil li.i
" 'Then.' aiMrd h,., • |,.t
I'rci'ivcd from his ni.'L,'iv>soi-.'
•"i li:|d no wound ; hut j was ohlij,.,] to -dv,. one to
'"Tin. J'al,. Ka,,. ha,l no su.'h ri-hts ; aft,.p his
''••iivrry hrtoiv ti,o(;nz/ly ll,.ar, I,,, should hav,. l„.,,i
«.jnt ,andih.d l,..foivtlK.am,wsofth,.Tin;pal,
«lnrlididli.,thithini lie. has shrd 1,1 |. hi. |,|,„„
>MnstlM.,.hrd 'IV Civat Chief o( Iho J joined Snake
"'I'l his eonneil are of opinion, that the I'ale Fa... has
deserved death.
l^m^ttlr ''-' '"" '""•'""^" '"■'"' '"'■'-• '"'•''•■«•' I " At. these words, the Indi. „.„ „„„ „,„,,
"In the centre Ininicd a la.-o liie in a l.rixier the ' l',^ I ";'■■''" '."^ ' f ' ''''' "V' ""''••'■«'^""1 ; '^"d. litti,,;. n,
smoke fVom which to.ind its w..- tliioiS; ih™;.^ the heaiskin that cove, .,„ ,, .■ •, " .'
t IS alw.ivj fit til., f !■ 1. Ill ' "
that IS always at the topof,.aeli Indian hnt.
" "■" I'idians,ar I with their tomahawks, yiiarded
the door ot the council hut, and the chiefs, appaivntlv
annoyed l,y the cries of the cnrions crow,!, .-a\e onlci;
that the eiitranco should l,o dosed with a hear skin.
At tir.st they commenced with the eeivmonv of the
calumet ; the old,..st_eliief haviiij; ,hscril.e,l a circle on
tl.ognM,nd,and nude c..rtain eai Ji s^i;!:-' ,-'f ''"%:' ""■ ^^''i'" l<'-]'i"K Ins eyes iixed
^-•^."i.ai.ur ,eoai, and lighted wilh a^":;':!.; '"*;: t' h: ;:; t!:^^..!:*.^^ '':'' ' ''^'M-i-'v" "i--.
, ,, ., ;■; - •, *'"' 'l""i- of the coiiiKil t"nt,
«ent forth Alter her departme, a new p.daver .rot
>.]. among the council of ,h,efs. I thonght/at one mo-
ment, that there was a .livision of ..pinion w:ll, i, .r.,rd
to my sentence; iMit, in a very slant t , the m-in-
ni'al chiet cut .short the .lispiite hy taking ,ip tlio
fom.diawk ot war. This lie jdaced on mv head. ,„•„-
""■'""• »V'" ^•""" tim... .some words in' the Indian
ill the while keejiing his eyes iixed on the
." 1. ..i i.u.Miog eoai, am 11' itcil w th It the i"ilioiw.t n T *i i .. ,• ■-■■■.>■ n ,oH>»e.
took upahur.iing coal, and lighted with it the calumet
-d the trihe. I Ins he first offered t,. the (ireat
Alanit^n the sun, the earth, and the four cardinal
por ^
eon
use.1 it in the same manner, as.^.ch of tlie.n is phsh'ed ' tjiivt 'itlnd ZZ 'fn-"^"'
ii:'nki:''f,;hfr t ^'•"^* r'' tosmo,jii.one:i:Mi^j":i,.;; :is' „■"■
«l...«ed me ,a tomahawk st- in d 11, I I * 'fy ^^^ tl-.y s„ug, ,„ „ „,onotoi,ous tone, mv dcatli-soi,,/
weapon. I suppose the x ci io, e no V " ' 7 ''''' ''.*''f ■.■-"''-' "- ""' t" sleep, wo.n .lowii ,^
It was lucky ho knew where to stop, for inv arms
were still tied hehind m.-, and mv lica.l would Jiave
been cut into hits if he had happened to let the weapon
lull U])oll it. '
'•'i'liis ceremony c.jmjiloted, they w<'nt ami replaced
•e than oni. victim. A
,■,.-■ .iroiight in. iipnii which a
t Indians hud theinselvvs down and Miiokc<l,
nous tone, my dtatli-sontf,
.' :;"" '■•••'.-'"■. eiii.pi.oii. and hunger, which it wa.'i
impossihle to,sati>ty wiih tlio handful of dried elies-
nuts, cooked in the a>lie.s, that mv guards olh'rcd me
"Two days and two nights" succeeded each other,
svithout producing any great change in mv sitnati<,n
"On tJie morning of the third day, mv attention was
attracted liy an unusual tumult of voices, and of comera
ami (riini'.^ ill fli.i .^.i,.,i. \ II i1 1,1 ■ 1 , -r , .
t..e to^z n^h^' Ii: :7,ire"';:';*t'^^^ "^r" v-;;;;;^.;! t^-it^f-i^e; amiir.:::
' '- il e s I w of th r '"' " iT"'*-'- , >"a,i"stieally eMui,,ped, followed 1 '• a hundred warlord
in,, ' 1"':," ,*' ' l'"''"" r "";>^''::^ '•>■ "l-^ -- t'-" -if' -si- I'l"".- l,. thdr hair- some of them a. .
pahaciics helieve the (;rand Spirit to reside.
" I he sipiaw of the Indian woiimh'd hv me was then
"'"•'"lueed. and that one of tlio chiefs who had open. ,1
the sitting questioned her as to wdiat .sh,. knew aliout the
'■hargc against me. 1 could ^,ee verv well, fr.uii th.' first,
:.::,t tl.o ,H,„r little squaw was lu.' to inclined to pity
niaje.stically equi],ped, followcl hv a hundred warri,.r8
with eagle i.hiiiies in their hair- .some of them armed
with hows and hueklers of h,ar,l wood coveivd with
tho skin <if the gri/.zly hear, ji.iintcd in divers colour.s—
others with flint tiiiisket.s. Tho tomahawk of war. of
which ] have ulreiidy .spoken, was handed to the chief.
40i
ALL BOUND THE WORLD.
IMi,
ii ' li
ami ho iilaicil hiiiiTir iit (he lini.l of my fiimirul pro-
cfsNimi. 'I'liiy imlii'il my li';,'^, uml I'd iiic "iit of tlif
hut with II cniil iniiiiil my in'ck. I Mt thiit tho hi)ur
ipf mv cliMtli hii<l Mi-iivi'd.
"Like a tnir suLlii^r-, [ ri'Mij,'iic(l myscit' to my f'atf,
and iiiiirchfil mi with all tlic |iiiilc ami :i.M,iiiamT that
mv spirit riiiild mu^liT "ill nf my iiiiitiiti'il Hi'.hIi. Ah
Hdim lis we hail ij'it niiliiilr iIk^ InU, Ihi' Imliaiis of my
csciirt miiiiiitfil tliiir Ikhm's - wliiiOi wn iif,'iiific'iiitly
caparisiMifil with llii' skins of ti,i,'< rs anil huiraloii.s, ami
«'\«>ry man had, liinnin;; loinnl his hiiilh', a iiiimher
miiro or less lit' till' si'iilps lit' his rni'iiiirs.
"Tim immriisi' prairiu that siirrnundfd ihf wiywams
of the 'rimpaliaihis was oivi'ri-d with Indiims. I was
imt hmj,' in disi'u'crin;,', fi i tin- divnsity of thrir
aoriiiitri'mi'iits, tliat a f^ii'iit many dill'iTrnt Irilics wiTr
lici-i" I'lillfi'tt'il. My I'S t (if wari'iiiis mndiU'ti'd me
til the rcnti-i' nf this mcadiiw, a work of sumo dilliiMilty
from till' pri'ssiirc if the nnioiis pii|iiilation. In the
C'iMitro of the I'rairie was raided a kiiiil of hilloek, on
tlie lop of whieh was tiie trunk of a youiiK oak, with
the liranilies lopped otf This was the War I'ost,
mid to this I wasim diately lied liy the hands a'ld feet.
"I h:id lieen in this position Minie ti w iu-n the
(Jrcftt Chief eame towards me, aeeom|ianieil liy ajier-
aoiiHge who, althoiiMh he w.i.s nilied and swathed in the
manner of the Indians, had yet a Kuropean appearanee.
llo was a man of aliont sixiy-live years of a;,'e, of larj,'e
stature and mhust frame, lie wore a vciy long red
lienrd, i Ir.iry to the cii.itom of the Indians, who are
a smooth skinned raee ; g.irmeiits of untamed panther
.skins added mn. h to his s.ivave iihysiognomy, and he
cirried a litle in a >iing, a hatehet uml a revolver in
hi» belt.
" ' The (Ireatt.'hief of (he Tiinpaliaehes hero present,''
B,-,id 111' t i; in i;o »[ |'!ii-lisli, 'charges mo to tell you
that he h.is eondeiiiiinl you to disilh ; his sagelie.sH has
eouiisellid him to this resolution for si'\eral reasons;
the tirst aid most eoneliisive of whieh is— your Amo-
riean niitioiiality; the seeoiid, is the mortal wound in-
llieted ly you in tho territory of the Timpaliaehes, on
Hii Indi.in'of his trihe. In ooiisiileratioii, howover, of
tlie good deeds related a.s done liy you, he has merci-
fully exemp I'll you from tho cruel punishment.s usually
inflicted, and to whieh I myself, an Indian in heart,
and iin Kiiglishman liy nation, should prohahly have
heen o]iposed.'
'■' I thank you,' s;iid 1 to him, 'for a feeling that
does you lioiioiir ; lait lii' good enough to inform tin;
(,'liief that he is m staken in regard to my nationalily ;
1 am not an Aiinriein ; and if 1 have wounded one of
tho.se Inilians it was only in self-defence, jmshed (w I
was to tho extii'ino hy tho man's ingratitude towards
one who had ]ireservid him and his tiun'Iy from the
teeth and claws of a grizzly hear. For the rest, is it not
in the nature of a umu to defend his life when it is
menaced / '
" Without rejilying directly, my strange interlocutor
answered —
•' ' .'^ir, your ]iositioii aU'ects mo very nnich : have you
not a family to riiinl. a wile, a mmher, a sister, to
dcplori.' your death ( '
" ' Yes,' I replied ; " and they will all feej the greatest
nllliction wlun they see mo no more return to the
homo of my fathers ; Imt, at any rate, they will be
ignorant of where or lii>w I have lost my existence.
Apart fi 1 this, death lias no terrors for me : misery
has taught nie to give it a welcome. When I decided
upon makiiif; this rxcni-Hinn to tho Rocky MoiintHinfi,
I had determined upon tliu sarriliee of my life ; death
is to me but II coiiimon and foreseen aciident ; for thu
rest, I am iiHoldier, and uiii^er this lillc I kIihII bliow U>
the.se barbarians thai a Kieiichmaii knows how to diu
as bravely as an Indiiiii warrior.'
".\t these words, 1 saw emotion biam from the eye
of this mall hunter, who nccimd so limi'idus at tlie
first glance.
'• ' I have tried every means,' said he, ' to obliiii par-
don for you from tlii->e Indians, but there is a powerful
party against you in '.'le eouneil of the chiefs. Tlio
Indian whom you wounded was the brother in law of
one of the most inlliiintial warriors of the tril e.'
" ' I thank you again,' 1 re|ilicd, ' but |ierinit ine io
ask from you a single and last service liclore 1 diu,
that you will iindertako the task of al>riil;.'ing my
punishment, and will unilerlake to r<'mit a ineilalliou
which I have here on my heart to one of my com-
patriots whom I left bchiiid in Kraiiie, when about
to depart for America. I am unwilling that iliis image,
which rei'alls the tiaits of tho dearest of women,
should be profiiied after my deatli by tlu'so .savages.
You will, doubtless, go some day to Sacraineiito, or
even to San Kranci.sco, where ymi will be sure to meet
some Frcnchnian worthy to iciiivo the sacred deposit,
with the mission of annouiicing to this lady that 1
died in the jihieers.'
"' That mission is sacred to lue,' he i'e]ilied, ' I will
make a journey expressly to accomplish your last
wishe.s, and I proli.ise you, on my lioiioiiras an Kngli.sh
gentleman and an Indian chief, religiously to carry out
this sacred trust.'
"' Open, then, my fur coat, and ymi will liiid this
medaliioii.' After ask'iig my permission to do so. ho
olienod the coat, and, \\ ilh eyes wet with tears, said to
me, ' Villi must have Imcii unhappy, iiiilecd. at ipiitting
for ever this lovely en atlirc, whoso sad look .sicms to
presage in adviinco the dangers that awaited your
perilous journey.'
•"The tears that rolled down on the face of my gar-
ments were mv only reply. In the lo, kit that eon-
taiiied this iiicliire, I li.id written my friend's iiaiiie ;
when tho stranger saw this, he asked me i|iiickly, if
that was my iiaine also, and whether 1 was of Knglish
ilesoent (
"' Yes ; and, assuredly, I am )iroud of it.' J replied.
'My ancestors foMcvid the fortunes of the Stuarts, and
ab.-indoiied fortune and country to accompany into
France their exiled king.'
" ]le did not sutler me to conclude.
"'What then !' he exclaimed, 'are j'ou descended
from that Wogan, whoso worth has Imi n n.ade so
famous by tho author of Wava'/fij.^ 'J hen, if it be so,
' Tlio CaptalM Wiiguii vvlinse ('iiloi|irisiii({ diiiruflcr is «o well
ilriivvii liy (.'hui'inliiii. Jle luiil or ^'iiiiilly eiipignl in tlie wivieo
of tlic I'nrliiiiiii'iit, liiit liad iilijinvil tliat party ii|«iii tlu'ext'i'iitiiiii
iif C'liarli'S 1., anil ii|kiii hcariii;: tliat tlie myal stacdanl wa!S 8ut up
by the Karl <if (iloiicairn ami (iiMR'nil Midillvtuii in tlu' lli^'lilaiidH
iif Sccitlaiiil, lodk liavf iif t'liarlcs II., who was tliiii at I'lirin,
passed iiiln Kn^laiid, assi'inlili d a bmly of Cavaliirs in the iicigli-
bourli'Kjil III" LciM.loii, and tniversi'il tliu kinplciiii, wiruli had hiuii
so loiij; ui.dir tliu doiiiiiiatinii nf tliu iisiirpiT, by inanlics ciiii-
diiotod «■' r. such skill, dexterity, mid spirit, that he salely tinitcd
liin handlul of horsemen with the Inxly of lli(;lilaiideis then in
arms. After several muiitliB of desultory vvarlare, in \v hieli
Wo.jan's skill and enunige pained him the hipliesi npiitarnin, ho
had the Iiiisfortuiiu to lie wnuiuUd in ii dan;:eriiii8 iiiaiiiier, and in'
surpiial assistance iM'iiip within reach, he tunuiuuted his short but
glorious career. — Wumr/ei/, chup. xxix.
"
ran l,tl,„ .l..s,.r,„l„nt „f r.-Mnux, l)„kn„f lti..l„„o,ul_
luiM «l,o.s., aiircstorH ,h„.,v,| o„t tliHlH .>„ l,..l,„lf of
zz"- '^'^'"""" •""•"" '"•"■'-.'.. iiJ.!..;:l
" At tlu.s. wo,.,|m, this „„.n, wl.oso >m,„„,.,t„,.. u, ,„y
J-I'nnnpal w,nn,„s ..fhi.s tril.u.' I wail,.,!,,,,.
•'•'I'l.V It -p.art.r „t an l„.Mr. al.Ho.l.,.,! in tliouirhtV, C
>'II^'.'t.n„.s l.y a sM.l.K,,, nnnuur that ..crva,!..,! | ^
<•'""!.. un,l r,.arl,t.,l tl... w.wnor.s wl.o s, mm,, , 1 "
war ,,o.st T|,...so w.r,. tl,., wa, .ne. of ,1,., trl w , ,
were n,ak„,« .va.ly f,„. |,attl... l-Vo,,. tl.o h.iM'.t
win. . I st,.o,l ..hai,,,..,, I saw tl,,- l.,.av.. f...,,,,':; ,1 !
t>m.tlv„« 1„. K..tl,..,v,l r,„„„l l,i,„ ,|,„ ,,i,,., ^,,i^,|, ,„^,,
...lo,,,.,ll„„.as,ts ..hi..(; a,„l -in.^v tl„.,a n,, with t .0
f.....st.n l,.,,.,,;ar. whil.. tho Ti„,,,al,a..la.i k..,.t tl o
c'.'iitr.: lit tli.j |ilain. ' '
'■ Si.n,i. tin,., alleiwai'ils I saw tl,.. cl,i,.f:s „f (.».•), t.ihi. '
aiUwu „,tu th., n.iilillc. ofth.. ailinv. Theil- .„n
(-■rcncu, this timo, \va.s nut .,f lun^' .huation. Tluy
THR CREMATION OHAT AT CALCUTTA.
409
' "'Y'^^'-f t7;"-'lH ""•. *i ..nn„x at tlai,. l„.ai|
won, w.,, I,,. ,,,,,,,,.,, t,,„ , ,,
'""1 ...»t..r..,| n,i- .11 |,t,. a„i| lil,,.,,,. | ,„|| ■,„,„ ^^^'^
::^z;t!::uX''"'^' ^ ■t,in....i,.t.,„,„.l:
' " In a tinv n,i„„t..stl,i, whnl.. s....„„ wa.s ..ha„«i.,l into
"""' "• «;l'l '•M,|ii.v,„i.„t. TI,i.,.o wa. a ui.„i.,al .1 .„vi V
|j-M;m.a!l tl,., a,.s..n,M..il t,il.,.s, « |,i,l, la>.i.il J!!.;.;.!
"Nil,- .11,1 Li.nniix stiipatlhis. Tl,a„ks f. Inn pn.tec-
t .. ,, 1 was ,.„al.l,,|, .„ salily. to i|..hc 1 tl o Ji",
r,v.r„„i| so ,„aily ,....ain t),., r..;;ion of tl,.. n.in.a
"]{'
l)K WiKiA.V."'
till. I ,; • ^ ■ , '"." '■»•"'«'•'■'• "f Sl'"!'!-. n>, i.x-rl,i,.f „f „„. of
t ..- KtMluMis „ tl„_. ,l„,,l.. .\l„l,il,, i„ IHIH, „,„! i. ,„.„. ,.li,.,;
"t tliu lulugrai.l. at ISt. SrviT (l.amU).
THE CREMATrOX GTTAT AT CALCUTTA.
nURNLXG AND EXPOSURE OF MODIES IN
INDIA.
An- ii,ti.|li-.M,t loivi-i,,.,., tl„, llnngai'ian C.mnt K,,,-
nmnu..l Anilreasy, .n.. th. folinwioj, sfikloj- a.rount
ot tho s,v„o ],.v.,.„l,il, nntil v,.,y roci.ot tnars, at th,.
great C,,.|„at,on Uhat at (.'alciitta. The tl,i,,l .lav of
his a,.nval at Cal..„.ta, tl,.! (',i,„u sav.., I,.- went out •
as .'urly MS ..,x i,i th., n.o,- t.i .aaUe an excnr- i
ssfon ,„„,s„ |. .„ the town. Foijnwi,,.. ,|,o l,a„k-.s of the I
If'-^'hly, he tonn.l all the ,,up„latinn „f the town I
aireiulyim foot; >i..t,vity ,vij;„..,l i„ ..v,.,.y ,l,,,,ction : '
th.. faii,.s„„.,i w .,•.. at their «i,ops, the wo.kn.en at
the,.- e>„ploy„,..„t.s. Hv..u tho cla.s.ses who ,lo n..t live
by tho .sw,.at ot tl,..ir brows were np and takii,- the
air, sonio o„ l„i,s..l.a..k, .s.in.o in can-ia-es, Imt alUlik.-
bent on ..„,,n,n:j the early n,o,„i,.. b,v..ze. Outsi.le
ot tho towii the same nni.nation prevail,..!; the ma.l
was cniwil... wuhco,,,,.,.. a„.l ko,.,.h, s„ nu.eh so that
It was almost <l,lh.',ilt to n,ake one's way
a n'.lr. 'i';,"l '';"';;•'"', "" """■■'''' "'' tl"'"nv..rforal,ont
a nn I., an,| a halt. wh..,. a strange s.nell cime to affect
■s olf,u.to,y .,,.gans ,n a v,.,y u.,pl..asant n,anner; a
th,ok clou.l of M„ok.. a,.ose fro.n hehin.i a very repul-
s.ve.I.i.,k.ngwal, p,„.s„„i„g the air aroun,l, a,\,l what
was more s,„g„iar was, that ,i n,nnl,er of l.ir.ls of „rev
were per..l,...l along the top of the wall ; these were
vntures w,th nak..,| fl,.,hy neeks; faleons of va o u
us tleygenenilly look aft..r a feast, an.l the sight Jf
which .•a„.s,.d an uiv.,lunta,y f,.eli„g of ,li.sg„st.'
These l,.r.Is ,I„1 not s.^om to tr.„,l,le tl„.mselvcs
M htl,epass,.rs.liyi.; Imt so,,,., sl„ml,..,-i.,|, whih. oth.Ts
.l.st,„he.l by vcrn„n, thrnst tl„.ir bills thnm.'h their
leathers. "
The Connt says, he sto],pe.l his ,.an-iage in ,inh.r to
<hs..over the ,.n,,,„,a of the s.-ene, an.l to asivrtain
^vl,en..e the_sn,oke came that a.-. ..,„i,..l ov..r tl„. wall
III, was tol.l thai it wa.s the
lilaee wl,e,-e th.T bnrnt
'The „„ly v„lt,i,o that fr...|uc.„ts tho «ha,„I.lc8 a„.V banks of
V«rBml,.d.u,,,reyi„Ko.. tlosh. U the so-callcU Indiau vdtu™
the .l..,„l, an.l that that w,w the canse of ,!,.■ .-.m.'ike an.l
ot tl,e pr..s..i,e,. of binls of ju^.y,
An.l this, he says he f.mml to be r..allv th.. eas.. • it
w,isi„ tl„spla..etl,at the l„i,|ie.s f,-,,,,, t'he i,„a,.t,.,.'in-
labit.'.l l.y th.. natives were l,i„-„t, or rather bn.jlnl
or no s,i,mer is the boily slight Iv lilai-kei,,.,! by th.'
Ha„,..s than it is r..„„n,.,| (V.i,,, tl„."ti,-.. a,„l tak..„aw v
to be cast into the sa.'iv.l watei's of the Jlo.ighly. The
birds along the shore await this moment to .lo their
work so th.at the i,.lativ..s ofth.. de....as...l ran a..ti„illyi
stand by and s.'e with what limbs tl„.se rav..no,is crea-
ttir..s b..giii to disembarrass the d.'a.l of tl„.ir carnal
envelope. The struggle ha.l just b, .;,„, with a bo.ly
thiit lay exjioscl on the shore, an.l wishing to witness
so stniiige a spi-ctacle, our tr.iv,.|ler inov..! t.,war.ls it,
]iassii,g ov.T a h..ap of bon.'s, scattere.l here an.l th..|(.'
an.l he thus came within a few paces of where the
(T: Tndicus). Fiileong nn.l In.wks me liii-.Is nf pr.-v f.-clinc
i„iist!y on what th.-y kill, ,ilili.„,-l, it ia tr,iL> th:it tho I'.m.liohorry
Kiljlo (F„/co Poiitieeriamis) x\U, o.its ll,e r.i.iMiiis of .load animals.
Ihe proat soav.ingrrs of In.lia are h.nvovor the ii.ljiilants, or
jritjanlic storks or ci-a, U.S. wliii'h su„,o»li:i|-, r..soiiiMo tl,o Afrloim
niaralint, or holy st.a-k ( Anlea iliibia .if ( iiiichu, Cii;;ii„ arijala of
V.pirs), and which ai'o ja-itoutod in tho slnu'ts of ii„|,iilous cities
on that account. Those and tho Indian vulture are the birds
figured in tl,o illustration.
410
ALL ROUND THE WORLD.
I i^i
!■ ii i
nnaiomi.-al opcnition was going on ; he wished to (1p-
U'riiiiiif wliat, kind of bird was most skilt'ni in ilisscrting
dead liodic-i, and he saw tliat it WiW dccidt'dly a stork
providoil witli a long appondage to ita breast. Tliis
I'xcelknt anatomist in many respects resembles the
Enropean sjM'eies, liut it is stronger and taller (being
four feet in height). Jts bill alone i-s about a foot in
Icnj^h — it is a.s hard as stone, and coiise(piently well
adapted to tearing np its boiity ; it d(M>s not indeed
give itself much tmulile in the matter, for it can swal-
IciA- a cat in a single mnuthful. The .substances taken
up by this eniirninus bill are allowed to fall into the
poucii in front, and it is only after undergoing a pre-
liminary ])roc' ss of softening then iiat it is (Jnally
swallowed and disposed of in the interior stomach.
Thanks to these peculiarities, tiie bird becomes thus
a member, as it were, of tlio iirivileged easte.s, for it
can walk proudly in the streets, in tiu- miilst even of
crowds, without any one distnrbin:,' it ; there is indeed
a fine of liftv rupees against any one who .should do
them an injury ; to kill one would be a crime. The
lity of Calcutta cannot indeed bi' too grateful to these
birds; it is they who pick up, in the midst of refuse,
the remains of animals, liirds and lish, and but for
their presence, consi<lering the idleness and indiflference
of the inhabitants, they would run the risk of encum-
bering the streets, and fatally ]ioisoniug tlio atmo-
sjihere.
These two-li>gged scavengers have a perfect sense of
their imjiortance and their utility, for the Count de-
e!ares that the governor's ]ialace is their favourite resi-
dence. How many times, he! says, has he been witness
from his window, which wits directly opposite to the
pdace, of the irregularities which these sacred liosts
piM-mitted tht.'inselvis o\cr th
when earlv in the morning
hurry, that they are often depn.sited on the banks of
till! river before they are quite dead. Jfi as it some-
times happens, person.s so ex|Hi.sed come to life again,
they cannot return within the precincts of the city ; they
are obliged to emigrate toa distant district situated (in
the borders of the (Janges, where tliere are whole vil-
lages of resuscitated beings. The liindhus despiscMind
avoid places tlius j)eopled. Formerly, bodies could bo
burnt anywhere on the banks of the Jlooghly ; hut
nowa-days the authorities liave limited the accomplish-
ment of the ceremony toone sjieciul point.
It was only when he left this sad scene, and that he
found himself in the midst of a purer atmo.spliere,
that the Count says he becanu; fully sensible of the
poi.sonous exhalatiims with which even his clothes li.id
become impregnated.
Till within a very brief time ago Count Andrea-ny's
description of the Cremation Ghat of Calcutta, however
coloured, did not in reality exceed the truth. After
quitting the F.uro])ean ])art of the city and the ship-
ping, together with a great part of llie congregated
fleet of native store-boats from tlie ])rovinces that
crowd the bank lu'ar the northern division of the city,
the first object that used to attract attention was a
cerl.iin bare aiul dismal-looking quadrangle, open at
the river side, upon the high walls of which, overlook-
ing the ground immediately contiguo»ts, where a cer-
tain native hide nu'rchant and contractor with the
Conservancy Commissioners carried on his delicate
operations in connection with the definict (juadrupeda
of tJalcutta, were perched some fifty or more luingry
and expectant vultures : whilst amongst them or
beneath, stalking amid.st bones and rubbish, and anon
scared from their object by a pack of equally hungry
head of the British lion, j and disgusting-looking jiariah dogs, disputants for the
they lined the palace- | prize, were seen a score or so of the adjutantp, or
ti'rr.ice ! These funereal and irreverent birds were gigantic cnme.
from five to six thousand in number. The governor i This building was known !is the " Bin-ning Chat," a
nimself had the deepest respect for this guard of spot inclosed and appro]iriated by the ilindhus for the
honour; for he never dared to ]iut his nose out of his puriio.se of burning tiicir dead. When the Ilindhus
window to see what Wiis taking place on the top of his are said, all who can afford it must be understood,
residence. which, unfortunately, not one half of the community
Count Andre.i.sy was disturbeil from his observations are enabled to do. As with a very small exception
by a noise which sounded like crackling, and turning (certain classes and persons who die a.scetics) Hindhus
rouml he saw that a bodv had just been placed upon | do not bury their dead, it becomes naturally a matter
till" fire behind him. Two(>thcrs we:e already exposed , of curiosity to know how tlie |iooier elas.sesare dispo.sed
to the tl iiii(>s ; and the fire was kept np by two men as , of. They are left ui)oii the bank of the river, whither,
lilack as ebony ; around and lyingoii bundles of straw, indeed, they are often taken to die, until carried away
and even on the naki 1 gi'ounil, were othc bodies by that river's .sacred tide — that river from which
w.iiting tliei- turn; they were completely nude, > Calcuttii i.s, in a great nietisure, supplied with drinking
although it is only the inidille clas.ses who have the j water !
liodies of their relatives burnt, the poorer order are I Some years back a very sensible jiropositiem wna
satisfied with throwing tluMii into the river. | published in one of the Calcutta papers, recomniemiing
It must not be imagined that this cremation has any the establishment of a subicriptiou fund, in order to
put it in the power of the poor, as well as of the rich
ilindhus, to dis|H)se of their dead after that nutniier
which, with very trilling exee])tion.s, is not less accept-
able to Hin<lhii ]>rejudiccs and desires, than advatita-
geons in a sanitary jMiiiit of view ; but, unfortnnatelj',
although it was .shewn that the expense could bo
brought within two rupees for each cremation, nothing
came of it. Inst<'ad of there being a cremation fund,
the dead, save those who are emjdoyed in the act of therefore, the police had to keep certain l)oats«ndnien
belonging to them, called domes, whose ofliee it was to
remove, by sinking, all offensive objects found floating
<ui the river, which they did often, only after tlu! s))ec-
tiiclc had pa.s.seil through the whole fleet, and found, at
length, a reating-pluco against the chain of some t-hij).
relation t(j the ceremony formerly practised in Home
on similar occasion.s. With the ancient.s, it wiw a
jiious custom ; children, brothers, relatives, friends,
servants, in fact all those who were attached to the de-
ceased by ties of relationship or atiectiiui, gathered
riund the body, mourning and in tears ; the ashes
were carefully colleoted, and deposited in an urn.
Hut in India no one seems to trouble himself with
cremation it.self". for as far as, the Count says, he could
observe, it is seldom that a relative of the deceased is
seen there. Hesides, nowhere in India are bodies
res|ieete<l : they seek to get rid of them as quickly as
possible ; they are indeed sometimes in so great a
,,.,'jFiiiv'?'Fii|illli!!«!iil'!:!|l|!|ffl!liT^
[illllllUH
■rstood,
iiiiunity
ici'ption
'iiidliUH
matter
lisposcd
■liillicr,
(I away
which
['inking
im was
ncnding
urdt'r to
he rich
iiiiiiinir
at'i't'pt-
Ivaiita-
unatoly,
)ulll 1)0
nothing
)n fiinil,
mil men
was to
floating
li(^ fi])('('-
)nn(l, at
mi >-h\\\
•THE CREMATION ^HaT
building hiis taken its iil-ioo Ti, i-i ,'■"''
present oren.at.on ghat is being .k.erte.l also C „ t n^
and cranes and proinises soon to bo left in m. it u .
conneottd w tli tlie exposure of the Inidies of the noorei-
classes reman, m full force ; the fires of Delhi Jee^t
Cawn,,oro-„nd where not ?_inten,led to ;rarthe
European population of India in the flamrof o o
Btupendous ,,yre, put all le.ser schemes of in rove^^et
and amelioration out of the field ""I'rove-nent
Albeit the burning of the dead, it is to be remarked
IS stnetly enjonied by the Shasters, and is onT Jf the
firs ceremon.es performed by the Hindhus for the hd
of he dead m a future state ; there are certain perS
tics orl'urrumbungohecs;' 8. jogees, a low caste of
S'rnho ;^''-^-'!-f -f-ts, of tri?
«icants, and the Jogees, are buried. Tlio bodies of
;l'!ITT '■«["■'■"''" ""'!- other clas.es a e ac-
ceremo V Wifl Tr ' '"""""■* ""-^ «-'•* °f ft'"oral
ceiemony. With this exception, that the bodies of
ascetics are required to be put int; a stone or wrdcn
chest, or tied to two earthern jars filled with eartl"
aiul sank ,n tne nndst of the river. Beyond Tl u- 1
ca.es, no other necessity exists foreommitting the lead
to the water than that of j.overty-inability to n r
chase the wood, oil, and other ^equiremenfs fbr^t e
ceremony of burning, which inabilitV compels the re-
to tS river ' *""' ''"" «""'"»«ing the body
broS' J'^'lf '''?'^', ''"l""''"^' '•^"'' '^'•Sument were
brought together to show the dilHeulty of reconciling
ttinrS";/";" >""'*'"^ •^"'' i;-J"«"4..ut wiZom' '
thing of that impatience which disgust at the con-
tinuance of barbarous an.l revolting practices creae
one IS almost led to exclaim-less in the words tin 1
m the spirit of Corj^ral Trim-" One home thnis ' „
the bayonet were worth it all !" The number of
iuu.au bodies thrown into the river at o.'e T tic .l^r
fooiirihey^r-'^ "'"^"^""'' ^^ -'' ^^
It is certainly to be hoped that the day is not far
1. ,; „ ^, -~ .....»dy .-ooK Upon the fierv imiiin-
J> ...n of the poor Hindl.u wi.low'with n.uc h^f tl a
stojushmentand ho.-.-or with which English,.," ,^
lecall the one-time burning of witches • n„.l Z r
way will the Hindl.u yet learn ^vit suTprise an diri
S.OU the p,ust follies of those prejud ce whic ctld
add m.sery to misfortune, and vice to both 1,1 e^ „
puLsory widowhood; and in no less degree wiTl thev
V ew with disgust equally with their E.iropean i^i-icS. Is^
ho barbarous, indecent, and loatl,son,e p.ictice of "x
l...Mi,g thcr dead 'like logs of wood," L,d S docs
ui".n the surface of that stream which they evereZ'
and those waters of whicli they drink "^^^-'•ence,
The i.rogress of conversion in the Hindhu mind
upon these points has been slow, but not le cer hf
Well ""'•'"^'''/"'^ a century since the M.^rqu of
Wellesley iss,,e,„„ ordii„u.co prohibiting the sac ifico
I edr; , "' '^'j "''""* °«'P""g to^ho Guiges-
the ed,ct, demurred at at first, is now not only acoui
csced in, but is warmly applauded by the natives ^t
s much more recently that the disgi^aceful ,,ilg,4m.tax
has been abolished, \\-ith whatever pain t he w,"rs in
■^re'bounronl/^"''" "r^ ""^ ^■"-''> 2°-~ '
ue bound on the pnnc.ples of tole,,ition to leave it
.nmoleste, ; but it M-as quite another thing to W a
tax on each pilgrim, and to receive the offfrings pre!
^ent^d on the altar. Out of this the templof were
kept m repa.r the salaries paid to the oftici, ng
Brahmins, and the balance went to the excheque, It
w,xs argued that the raising of a million sterli ,. n
.^■venteeu years, from the four principal ten p " of
Juggernaut, Allahabad, Gaya, al.d Tripetty, Cal a
measure which would ultimately prove hrlstilo to Ido-
V I-/"!i! T" •'"'*'y remarked upon this, that
nacices by the Government, and the excellent order
decl 1,0 of the whole system. It is true that tl,e ex-
amples of conversion in India are so few that in a
national sense they may be considered as nothing, but
we do not on that account despond. Their conh\ieuc.
the Shastras a,,d the Vedas is becoming shaken:
the most formidable of all obst.vcles, that (ff caste, is
sensibly diminishing. Moral revolutions among every
people, even after long and ineftectual exertions to
.ring such about, in general break forth suddenly at
last llie greatest changes in history are illustrations
of this great fact. Tl„it there is such a silent ,,repara-
tion in tlie Indian mind appears evident from the pre-
valence, among a numerous and influential clas,s of
J'-nghsh habits and idcis. and the growing disposition
to form themselves upon a European model.