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Le diagramme suivant illustre la mAthode : 1 2 3 4 8 6 11 W] ASSOC THE MANUFACTURE, CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION OF IRON, STEEL, AND COAL, IN Tin; DOMINION OF CANADA. WITH WMK NOTKS ON THE MANriACTrKF, oF IKON. .\NI> oN TIIK IKON TKADK, IN (tTHEK roUNTIilKH. BY JAMES HERBERT BARTLETT, AHWKIATR MKMUKK OV TIIK INSTITlTldX OK CIVII. K.NdlNKKU.S ; Mli.MItKIt Ol- TIIK ISSTITI TH IN OK Mix ii.vNicM, i:ni;ini:ki!s; MiiMui;!! ni- ini-; amimucan instititk or mininu KXtilNKBKis; \SS(HIAIK OK TIIK INITKI) STATES ASStHlATIUN OF CIlAKCOAl. IKON WOliKl.HS. :moxtkkal : dawson brothers, publishers. 1885 Entered iiccfirdinj.' tn Actof Piirliannint of raninlii, in tlio yoar 1885, hy .Iamks Heebekt Bakti-ctt, in tiie i>lHr« of the jSIini.ster of Agriculture. GAZETTE PRINTING COMPANY, MONTREAU. i^a3'3 PRE FACE. The aim of the present work has been to bring into prominent notice (he importance to the Dominion of Canada of the manufacture of Iron ; to show how this Industry would benefit our country and develop our resources. A want of reliable informaHon on this subject has long been felt. In the following pages an effort has been made to treat the matter from a commercial rather ihan from a scientific point of view : to siiow the conditions under which other nations have succeeded, to arrive at the value of the manufactured articles imported, and qu'u.uti- ties consumed. No i»ains have been spared in tabulating the statistics of our domestic consumption, to make the figures both useful and reliable, but in bringing together so many figures, it is dilficult to avoid error, even where the greatest care is taken to prevent it. Chapters II., III., IV., and V. have been accepted as a paper, to b(i read before the American Institute of Mining Engineers, at their coming iiM'eting in Halifax, N.S. The author has preferred, wherever it has been possible, to give direct quotations from authorities, and the obligations thus incurred are acknowledg«'d in the text. Special acknowledgment, however, miist be made of the aid obtained from " Principles of the Manufacture of Iron and Steel, with some Notes on the Economic Conditions of their Production." by Sir Isaac Lowthian Bell, Bart., a work which is earnestly recommended to any one desirous of ])ecoming fully informed on this subject. In closing these remarks, the writer has pleasure in acknowledg- ing the obliiiiition he is iinder to those gentlemen who have so kindly assisted him with information, and desires particularly to mention Mr. JameH, M. Swank, of Philadelphia; Mr. G. R. Van Norman, Q.C., of Brantford, Ont. ; Mr. F. C. Wurtele, of Quebec, and Messrs. Day and Carter, of Cleveland, O. J. H. B, Standard Building. Montreal, August, 1885. CONTENTS. rilF, MANlFAfTFRK OF IKON IN CANADA. CIlAlTKli I. lNTUf»nt;('i'<>ifY (iiiinila's |Hisitiiiii in tin- inannracliin' of iinn, 1. Natural facilities, r>. PACK I CHAlTKi; II. TlIK MaXII-ACTI UK OF ItloN IN IHH 1'K(>VIN( K UK <7rHIIIC»; Earli. First >\oml in conncMlion with tiic land, T. '• J.a t'onii.at:ni.Ml.-.s Fomos," U. Kalni's visit to (lie works in 17t!», *». Uoport of Mr. Franc|not. II. Tlic liritisli ("rown take jHjssf.ssion, ll!. Kcatli of tim Hon. MattlK'w Boll, \'}. Final ilosin>,'of t\u\ St. Manrico F()r>.'es, l(i. Iron wdrksat Hati.sraii, 1(1. Tiic Uadnor Fork Iuun in Nova fioniA DiHcovery of iron ore in l»i(i4. •!<•. Mi in I'ictfUi Cniiiily, 41. \iiii|'tiiiy, 4(i. .Nuva Sc<»tia Sl»ll^l ('oiiipaiiy, 4t(. 40 ST\TI. Coai, iv C\n \i)a 40 ImiMirlH lor llniiie ( 'on.»8, 18(i0. 52 " 1870,1871 55 1872,1873 58 1874, l.s7r. 01 1870,1.877 05 " " 187,s, 187!» 00 188(», 1881 73 1882,1.SS3 78 " " 1884 82 TOTALS OF CLAS.SIFTKD IMPORTS. Ci.AasE.1, Invoice Value, Freh. Di tiabie, Drrv, Totai, Vai.ii: iNri.iDiNO dctv. For the yours 18f>8, l.SOO, 1870 83 " iS71,1872, 1S73 84 " 1874, 1875, 187!. Via Iron, (or tlu^ years 1S75 tci 1hs4 ijo ;)•{ I'lidilU'cl liars, ('"I tliu years Is;.') fi> l,s,s4 Oj MarH uikI I\s <|i| EMtiinateil \Vei>;lil of Iron ami Stiwd in Canadian Uailwav Trac'ks ;»<» TAI5LKS OF EXlHtRTS. Ksi'oRTsoF Ikon IVoin iMCtS to ISSI, In consecutive onler. ion THE COAL TKADE OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA. Doniuatie rnnlnction of Coal 101 Imports of ( 'oal lor Iloini^ ( 'on.siiiiiption KH Total Domestic Consumption of < 'oal 1()^> COMTAKATIVE TAHLES. 55 5H (>1 (15 (>9 73 78 82 Tables siiowisf; thk (irANnrn:s oit vAi.t;n« oi Imi-okis iou ILo.mk CoNsr>fi rroN, thk AVKKAfiK HATKS OK DITV, \SI> AMoINTS OK DKTV UKCKIVKII ; AI.SO JUK CoNSl'MK- TION AND UKTY KHR CAITrA OK I'olM I.ATION ; Cotton, (ii. ASS, InoN a\i> Stkki, Li:\THKif, Siik. Silak, Wnon, Wooi,, in trk Unitku Stati-x ANit IN Canaha, for the liscai year emleii .luiie 'Ml iss.'J 103 Ikon and S\kva. and Mam i Acri kkstiihimook into thk Dominion ok Canada, for tlie Jiscal years ended .Iiiiie ;'.(>, from isds to l.ss4 inclusive, ai;u;regate for 17 years- • 104 InoN AND SrioKi. and Manikach itios itikukok into tiik Unitkd Statks, for the liscai years ended .lune Utt, from ls(i7 to 1.S83, inclusive ]()4 rjuAND Total ok thk iMi'oiire and lv\idiii> ok tiik Dominion id,', The Wokld's ruoDitrnoN ok Ikon, Htkkl and Coa i KM! Explanation of Tables lOH . 83 . S4 «5 . HI) . 87 . 88 . 89 . 89 w, yi NOTES ON THE MANUFACTCRE f)F IRON, AND ON THE IRON TRADE IN OTHER COUNTRIES. NoTBfi ON THE MANlIFACTrRH OF IrON AND ON TUB IkON TrADB IN OTHER COUNTRIES.. .. 109 CHAITER VI. Iron Ores, commercial value of, 112. Fuel, 111'. Fluxes, 113. Commercial Classification ol Pig Iron, 114. Bar Iron, 115. Steel, 115. VUl . CONTENTS. ( IIAITKK VII. iMIMinVKMHSTH IN' I'lKX KS8K,H OK M AMI MTIItn 117-rji cuArTEU vm. How oriiKit (orNrKii-.s ii.wH r<'MKKi-.i> mi, Imh.sthv Il'.*» 14» Fr-.M riado ill Kii^riaixl, llT). I'liil*'"! Stat«.s, IM. (ifriuiiny. i:?7 l-raii.c, K5S. IVlniiim, i:'.s, Ku.-ssiii, m. Swfdrn, !»•_•. Itiil,\,ltl. roM-irsioN "•'-»•'- KxiKTit.ixv I.. li« (I.Tivj'.l from utluM- .umi'iU's, IK.. Sjmm-iIu' hi pn^l.Mvii.v |.. iiaid in Milisiilifs t.. tanadiaii Kaihvays, l.">o. r..inliinalion of uiiil inaktM'.s, I •• Nfw Snnlli Walrs, ariimi uf (in\crni it l.. niannraclnro rails there, 151- CV)nii>ari.son >>( [niro of In.n in tlu* Ihiilt-d Stati-s ami Canada, Vrl Al'i'KNDIX. ExtractH from a Kt^port, i.rojtand l>y the Cummittft! on liname, Inili'd Stalos SenaU', l.ss-l. Dniii's uii Inm and Steel : — Yearn ITS'.i to IS|(i '•''■< " I.SKi In 184'J !•''•'' •' isiti to IST-J l'i<> to I'''* " 1874 to 1883 Hit) to 167 117-rji ('ii\iTi-;i; [. INTRODUCTION, Tllr lll;imil';i« I lllr i»l' In Mi :i||i( If led of Niilioiiiii iiii|M)rl:iii< I' . iiimI lIuTf < :iii lir no ul»l lli;il l']iii:liiii(l s pri'sfiil ;mI\ iiiKt'd posiliuii in llx' Si>lfi Imud ol' Niiliuns, is hiriit'ly ;ill llltlltahlt' lotlit' tlt'\ cldpniilil o| liiT ( 'ii;il ;in i»\vn in so iniiiiy otlitT iiidiisl IK'S, wliii li iininnt! lln' nalions ■ slainLs lliird with it'iiiiid lo ils j)o|»nlatii>n. as |o tli<' IniinaL-c w lii«li it lloals r IJailw a\ in ((|t<'ial inn. ' \\ liii h lias ' >< liM in\ fslcd in Wail ways Inr t'a«li inliabilanl. liriiiL; niiU cm (•lied l»y tlif United Kingdom. \vliir Ihc world in that s|»c( iai indiislrv which may Kc icnardcd ais lilt' Keystone ttj' all maiiuractuics, lailini:' indeed, in this jtartit iilar, as respects other nations, to ohiain Ihe sliuhlesl nt»minal rank or roeii. In any statement of the wttrhl s production ol' Iron and Steel, alter (ireat Britain, Inited States, (Jermany ami Luxemhuri:-, l''rance. I'n'luinm, Austria and lluiu:ary, Uussia, Sweden, Spain. Italy, are mentioned, tlie name ol Canada never appears, hui is simply su()i)osed to he incjudetl under " ot her count lies." There is no other country in the worhl with TEN I'liorsAND 'MiMis oj- i;.ul\va\ tiuit does m»t make its own rails. The suhjecl of t he nianura* I iireol' iron and steel has at various times and places Iuh'H dis( ussed, lor. in the Mominiou Hoard ol'Ti-Mle rept)rts iVoui ISVI to 1S7!», the (|uestiou is almost annually relerretl to. In the Houses of rarlianieiii. hoth l>omiuion and Local, the matter has at times created st»me interest, and a leelde ell'ort has heeu made to assist it, Iml no material progress has ])een made. Not only tlif most iniftor/duf imitiulhi linr. in /In liilc I'roriiirr iil ('ni/iii/n. lil'ty lo M'\ flit y-li\ (' \ fills ;ino, wlicn ii nil ;iinl stdVt's wcH' ;ill iilt'> nf export, it liiis rnlli'li oil' ti> Mil h ;i |iuiiil jh;tt ;i suit uf jidpclfss rccjiliii liiis ln-t'il fiiiit'iid. 'led. Mini ;i iiiiMl inimlM-r <•! |ii'()|»|c Ih-licvc llmt wr iiiivf not lilt' lacilitics to ciiuhlc us In lUMiiurart um' iii»ii in ("aiiada The aitiial rart> (if tlifiasc arc that llicic is \fr\ liilif kihiwii in ifuard !<» Ilus .slllijt'it. that \f|\ U'W people know flie tililerelire lietweeii east aild wroimlil iron, and thai this lieiiiu csseiii iail\ a wooden (oiinhv there are lew op|iortunil ies ol'seeinii or liearinu' aiis Ihinu ahoiit the detaik'd pnieesses of liiail lllaet lire. ir it was true that Canada had not the inaterials oi.' »»!' whieh to make iron or steel, or had never allempted to do so, there niinht Im* isoine reason i'or the apathy whieh exists ; not only is sueh not the ( ase, hut it ran he i)roved. wiihoui I'oar ol' contradietion. /lui/ then: art: Icir. ii am/, jt/acus in tlir iroritl irliirli lian siiili iialnral m/raii/aiirs for t. inanKJaiiuri' oj iron, as in- /xpssrss in Canada. In addition lo this, our annual eonsuiiii)tion is of sullieieiil extent to pistil'v the erei lion ol' ^\ oiks aud the expenditure ol' eapital neeessarv lor the piodiietion ol' what we re(juire, and it only lernains I'or us to lollow the exainph' ol' KVEi;^' NATION WHICH ■['(•-1>.\> HAS A^^ 1 tll'i'irrvNCM IN I'lllS MWr- KA("l'ri;i:. and make use ol' the advantaLies so jjount it'ullv pro\ ided for us l)y naiure. Sir William Fairhairn, in his Work entitled Iron, its History, Properties and Troeesses ol' Manulaeture, says: ' " In the Miucral and tJeolooieal Depart meiii ol' tlie l']xhil>ition ol" lSt!2 w'l're exhibited strikiiii*' s|teeimens ol' iron ore I'ldiii the Colouios, iiinongst which was the rcniarkahle collecliou IVom Canada (I lit: lair Prui'inrc of Canada consislini^- t)f llir jtrrsrnl PrDrincis of Onlario and *J/iehec), consisting' of oxide, red hematite, and hoyore. The thickness of some of the beds from which the specimens were taken is worthy of notice The iiieat drawback to {llir lair I'rorincr of) Canada is tiie absence of coal, which necessitates the ore beinii' sent to some distance to be smelted, and were it not for this drawback, Canada would rank foremost as an iron-producinu' c(nintry. Jn Nova Scotia, some of the richest ores yet discovcied occur in boundless abundance. The iron maiiufacturecl from them is of t lie very best f|uality, and is ('(|iial to the linest Swedish nu'lal." Prof A. R. C. Selwyn. V..-.'^.. Direcl(»r of the (b'ological Survey of Canada, in writinu' of the iron ores of Ontario, says; 'The iron ores of Ontario belong- to the Jjaurentian and lluronian i i Piipe :?4, TNTliODUrTIoN. .rihy syf^tcins, jiimI iiiv itss(M'i;i(»'(l willi yiuMSN mid < r\>-liilliii»' limcstoiu'. Tht'V rorrt'spoiKl wiili IIm- ores which ocnir in (hf siiiuc s\ slcins in iioithtTii New York :iimI in Ihf !iie. The ore is chielly mauiielie oxide, hut often mixed witii h«'mati(e, and contains from ."id tti til per rent, of metallic iron. The beds or veins vary in thickness from one foot lo JOO feet, and there is l)ractically no limit to the (|uantily (d these ores w hicji couhl be mined." ' Sir AVilliam Dawson, in \H1'k in writing on the snliijeci of • The Iron and Coal (»f Nova Scotia, a Source of Wealth to the Dominion,' says: — " It is a reraark often made that the ii ii ores of (.'anada, rich and magnihcenl thouuh they are. sutler in thal and important de[)»»sils. to see that this is the fact. I'lven in (Jreal Britain itself, their two great staples of miiu'ral wealth are not in moic enviable contiuuity. and the iron ores ol'tJi-eat Britain are in general neither so rich nor so accessible as lh(,s(> of Nova Scotia. This is mow especially the «'ase with the magnilicenl deposits of the A«adia Mines in the Cobecpiid Mountains, ami with the still move extensive binls ami veins of the lounty of I'ictou. lioth of these may bi' expected greatly to advance the general prosperity of lln» Dominion. Tlu^ veins at the Acadia Mines have been worked on a limited scale for some years, ami have allorded Ih*' iron of whieh Sir William Fairbairn has written in his History of Iron: — In Nova Scotia, some «d' the richest ores yet discovered occur in exhaustless abundance. The iron nninufar rt'sisliiiHi' to Kti:iin. .s rorimiale. Tlie priiieipal reason lor this is, that while the region traversed hy ilie C'oherjiiid ores was Tree oi' reser\atioii oi minerals in the ('rown. the Tietou dis- trirt was verv lonii' locked up hv the nmnoiMtly ol the (ieneral Mining- Association, who, aitei' one leehh' ethiil ill the maniiiactiire oi' iron, wen' deteireal)lv l>y the dilhciih ie> ,iiid losses atteiidinti tlieir collit'ry operations I'roni iurther attempts. This disad\ anlane has now l>eeii removed, and a successsl'ul elliirt lia> iteeii made to comhine the interests ol" several distinct mininii' areas, held hy sepiirale parties, so that immediate progress is n(»\\ rendered po>>il»le. As these ores are less known than those ahove relened to, and have heeii laryely illus- trated by the labours of Dr. llairini;l<»n and others, detailed in the recent rep(»rt ol' the survey, a more particular iioiire may he given ol' them as an I'xample ol' the vast wealth now waiting;' to hi- made avail- able so .'soou as the iron trade shall re\ i\e iioui il> present depression. "The IMctou deposits ( onsist ol' both beds and veins. ( )!' tin' I'ormer class the most remarkable is a u'leat hed ol' red ln'inalite, uiu'X- ampled elsewhere in Nova Scot ia. It is capable if vieldiiui' t"» per lent. of iron, ami is included in the Silurian slates. Its gtM»loosits, containing ores of much greati'r rithiu'ss. One is ii vein of Fiinionite or r>rown Hematite, which is capable of yielding (]2 to 0;? per cent of nu'tal ; the other is a still richer cryslaline specular (»re yielding (i!> per ceni. of iron. These (le[)osils are both of largo dim«Misions and have been traced I'or s(^veral miles. They are readily accessible to mining operations. Still further — there is within reach INTI.MMHUTlo.V. 1 by mil,;! Itt'd ol' thai ridi mid |)uri' spiithic iron ore, Avliicli is .so liig'hly Vitliit'd wlifrcvcr jl i :iii he (»ltl;iiiit'(l. jis u source of llic pun-r varieties of intii. ■' All llieseores lie ill all aecessiMe aild Set I led eoiuit rv Hear to the I'ietoii and llalilax K'ailwiiy. and in a short time lh<>y are likely lo havehy Ihe l*lastern l*]xlensiiin Itailway, a still nmre direct connec- tion with t he At hint ic. " The\ are at a dislunce ol' only ten to lilleen miles i'ntm some of the laru'esl Collieries in llritish America. Collieries at which laru'e ((uant it ies (tC cold, well hlted lor lln^ manufacture ol' coke, have heen dumped into IJail\\a\ lines endianknn'nts, or hnrned to <^ct rid ol' them: l»ec;uise t he only available inarkc' ;il present is a loreinn one. t(» which only the larii'er Inmp coals can be sent. The collieries are thus comparatively nnprod\ict i\ e to their proprietors, aiul their expoit ol' coal is f their mannfactnie, ami to show by what means other countries have sncceeib-d in these important industries. CTTAPTEli ir THE MAXUFACTUnK OF I HON IN THE P IIOV I N('E OF (^lEBFC TJIK I'MK.ST 11J0\ WOkKS IN CANAOA. Tfifj St. Maukice Forhes. The (l('i>osits of Troll Ore in I ho 8l. Miiurifc di.strirl, in Ihc rojir of Tlii8 hy the Sieur la Polardicre, who re]>orted unfavorably on them. In 1(!7I. lionis de Ihiade, Comic dt^ l''rontena<'. was ai>pointed g'ov- ernor of La Noiividlc l''iancc and in the oriiiiiial maiins(ri])ts relatiuii' to his administralion, some allusion is occasionally i'ound, to the St. Maurice iron mines.' in a letter lo the Imperial Crovernmeiit dated 'Jiid November, 1i' ft-rlain thai Ihc inalcrial will iiol he waiitiui;'. 'I'Iktc arc six jtilt's oi'orc, uow Iviuii' isl Ciip dc la Matlciaiuc which, acconlin'i' lo Ihc annexed rcj>orl of the iniuer, would hist lor tw(» castings a day lor lour mouths. The important question is the jjlacinii" ol" the lories. Arcoidinu' to mv opinion I should prel'er huild- uvj; them (»n Uuisscau I'cpin, whieh is in (Muunplaiil. rather than at the Cajie where Ihc .Jesuit lathers have a null alieadv in operation. l{y tluis i)lacinu Ihc Iuiljcs they would he l>etweeu the two mines, and the material could he more easily conx'cved Iroiu holh to the central estaldishmcnt . When you ha\c (hM-iih-d upon cstahlishiuL;' the said rorii't's, as Ihc workmen yt)U will send out will be (<»mpctent uuMi, they j)crhaps can decide Avlicthcr here is cnou<>'h water in the stream I have al)ovc mcnlioued to work the wheel of the projected forges, also tojwd<>'e whether il Would not he lUMcticaldc to hriuu' in other streams in the neiohhorhood. such as Uuisscau d'llcrtcl, to increase the quantity of water. The chiei" miner, who is now here, assures me thatthiscau be easily and successlullv done. It is ccilain that it' the loru'cs are once established many ad\anlai;i's will result lo the <'olon\ : excellent iron will be mauul'ai lured there, and the consumption oiluel will help materially in the elcariiui (d' the forest land. AForcover many men will l>c employed al the work and a market will thus be atlbnbMl for the surplus provisions w hich wc have at our disi)osal." The '■ West India Company" surrendered its chaitcr in l(!7-"i and on the 4th of Auuust. IttVti. the lirst deed in connection with the foru'cs appears, as the oriiiinal eonccssion of the Seiuiicurie of St. Maurice w'as macb- on that dale to Dame .Icannc .lalopc, widow' of Mauric(» I'oulin, Sicui' (\r la I'outainc, Kings Attorney for 'j'hree Rivers, by the Intemhint, M 'ViAou. On tlio I'.Hh January. I»')S:!, Danu' .lalopc g-ave the i>roi)cvly to her son. Michel Poulin, but the other ehildren evidently had some claims upon it, as on the .loth of Aj^ril. Ids:). th(>rcis a disrhari;c recorded from Jean liaplisle l*oulin dc Coival, one ol the brothers, and on the 2(tth November, KUM), a discharge was reoisleied from Francois le Maitre de la Movill, wlio niiurii'd a sister. In lt!S1, an extract IVoma letter, by th<> Count dc Froiitenac, reads as follows : — '• 1 am convinced thai there is a very line iron mine in the vicinity of Three Rivers, where a forge could be prolitably worked. I wish I 8 TIIK MANHKAC'I'TIRK ol" IIMN IN rWAD.V. liiid ;i 111:111 here wIkmcmiM ]>1:iii I lie ruiistnitl ion ol' :iii fstiildi.sluiioni <>i' tlial kind : il would l»i' ol' i^n'iit use jo ilis Mnjcsiy tln' Kinii' iiiid lo I lit' wliolc colony. Monsieur \';dlon cnu inlorni you, my lord, how Mons. do (V)ll)('il, liiis Icslt'd lln' (|U;ilily oj' (ho oroMiid wilh raViUirjihlo rosulls. 1 Jijivo son! ii smidl <|u:uility lo iVfons. Arnoul, who ran tiivo you :iu arcouiil ol' il. Tlioro is a lar^o slroaui in Iho \..inilyor Ihis uiinc' In litS't jht' Manpiis ol' Dcnonvillo was .'ippoiuicd ( Jovoinov, and on Ihc, iSlliol' Novi-nihiT, Ihc roljowinii' vo.ir. in a (l<'s|ial(h lo Iho Iniporial ( lovoinnionl of i'lautf. hcsnvs: — " I ha\<' Ihis year auain had liio iron inino noar Thrco TJivors Iho- rouiihly oxauiinod. I am couviutod t hal Ihoro is n ninth lai^or <|nan- lily (»r Ihal motal Ihan Iho roh^ny riM|niros. Tho i>ro:it dosidoraluni is Iho distov(M"y ol" a si roam or walov powor, whioh can ito nsod in \vinlov, and il is in Ihis rositoci thai wo ro(|niro an ahlo oxpoiionood man. who <(»uld soc whal lould hi- d(»no lor iho cslahlishmonl. LasI yoar I soni a sampjo ojlhis iion to I'^rauic, and Iho iron workors, who i'onnd il oI'Lt'ood (pialilyaiid piTconlauo. wish to h:ivo iil'lccn or I wonly baritjuos lo givo il a tlioiou^h trial as to (piality; il would ho woll to satisfy thorn on tliis point in'xt yoar. il our Northorn Company should surct'od Ihoro would b(> no dillionlt in aooomplishinu Ihis dosiraldo ohjoct." On Iho 4lh of April. I7'2."», Piorro I'onlin matlo " I'oi and Hoin- magv "" ' in Ihooastloof 81. Lonis in <^)utl)or I'or hinisoH'. and also on his hrothors aocouul, tor Iho /^7 and si i"i/i/tr/i^)[' St. Manriof and oji the followinii day '" li'avon and DonornliiviiK^nl " of I ho soiii'iionrio w as mado. Tho mininu' riuhls and minerals do not soom to liavo hocn i^ranlod with tho land, lor Kinii' Lonis XIV on Marrh 2*2ud. It'^.O, aranlod a lioonso to a M. hranohovillo to \\ oik Iho miuos, and a parluorship was ontored into l)y him with I'eloi I'oulin. (Ihmolin and C'uiiiiot. for Ihis pnrposo, tho docd oi' partinrship hoiuii- da'iod Iho IGth ol" Jnno, 17-53. It sooms prohahlo that a I'oriio was now hnilt, l)ut tlio ontorpriso did not provo a suoross ; the prinoipal, h'ranehm illo. having" dio" ore. the deposits l)oin<»' on the snrlaoo, or only a lew inohos below the soil, so that the work of oolleotiug the ' Sec I'lirlvnian's " Oil! Ixcuinie" p. l.'4f>, iilsn licniDiiic'.s " (.^lu'licc |i:isl ami |iiC!ii>iit," j>. IL'l, till- ijcHcrJiitidii III' " 1''()i and HoimiiaL'O." Tlir. MANHFAt TIIIK oK II!(i,\ IN CANVDA. 9 od a was lliis I7:;3. did idoAV Ihcir '(', or ore was molt" diu'ti-iii^' than niiiiini>'. and il was iiccossarv l<» liavr ar»'f».ss to a considorahlt' area ol' land \\ C lind that on th<' l")lli ol Oi lolnr. ITHd, I'ouliji. Ijouisc (If ll(»ulanut'r liis wili'. and Midifl Toulin his hrollit'r. a priest, solil I he //>/' and sri^i/run'r >^\. Maurice, lo lMain;<>is l"](ienne ( 'n<»nel. I'ierre l'"ran(;<»is Tasdierean. ( )li\ iei' aid ^500 livres it year. The partners ahove nann'd were called Cnu-net I'fe ( 'ie., or " I/i Coni- paynie des V'ory'es,'" and the K inu' ol' |-'rance. now liovii < X \ , l>y an order- in-council dat<'d Ajiril lii'nd, 1 7-">7. empowered Iheni to erect iion works ami lor this purpose advanced llieni 1(1(1,(100 li\ res ami claimed no rents or dues. They accor«lini:ly in that yearhuilt a Idas! lurnace, and on the liith of Seplendier obtained a concession (»r some more land called the //V'/ St. I']tienne IVoni M. Iloccpuirt who was IntendanI at thattinnv In two years time, a l*"rencii artisan was procured who improved the works and methods ol' workinu' ; hut it was all in vain, a want of c:i|)ilMl heiiiL; s.-iid to have l»een the cause ol' I'ailure. The C'ompany could not cnriy on the works. Init had to Liive them up, ami, on the 1st of May. 174-!, the ( ^row n took possession, whereon they were worked on the Kind's aicount and in his name. '"Skilled workmen were sent out from I'ranc'e. who rel>uilt,in part at least, the ])liist lurnace as it now stands, and erected :i Walloon hearth which is still in use lor relinin<»'." ' Extensions and additions were made, and the place, in six years time, had assumed xovy con- siderable proportions as the I'ollowinu' account will show. (^n August Mrd, I741I. Trot'essor IVter Kalm, l*roi'e.ssor of Economy in the University of Aobo in Swedish ^'inland, and member of the Swedish Tioyal A witiiin .six inches or a loot I'roni the surlace of the Liround. Kacii vein is from six toeii«-hleen inches deep, and helow is a while sand. The \fins are surrounded with this sand on hoth sides, anuihlini>-. Tliis iron work was lirst fouutled ii. 1737 l)y private persons, who afterwanls ceded it to the King: they cast cannons and mortars here of dillereut sizes, iron stoves which are in use all over Canada, kettles, . It i.s aiireed on all hands that tlie revenues of the iron work do not pay the «'xpenses. which the Kiuii' m";4 c\eiy year he at in maintainine- it. They lay the fault on tlie hi>l state of population, and say that the few inhahitants in the , oui * have enough to do with agriculture, ami that it therefore costs <.;rcat trouble and laru'e sums to get a sullic- ieut number of workmen. Hut. however plausible this may ai)|)ear, yet it is surprising that theKinii' should be a loser in carryiuii' on this work, for the ore is easily broken, very near the iron work ami very fusible. The iron is good and can be very conveniently dispersed over the country. This is, moreover, the only iron work in the coun- try, from which everybody must supply himself with iron tools, and TllK MAMIKACTri.'K »>|. ll.'oN IN CANVDA. 11 )I)t'ar, I his vory •oiiu- iiud t 5 whiil olhiT iron he waiiis. Iiiii Ihf ollitfis and stMVaiils Im-Iohujiic' to the iron work appear lo l»»' in very allhn-nl ciniuMslanci's. A ri\t'r run> down IVoin llu- inni work inio tlif ri\«'r SI. Ijawrmif l»y wlii"li all tin' iron can In' sent in l»oats tlironiili the (((unlry at a low ral.' In tlif t'vrninn' I rclunn'd ai;ain to Trois U'i\irn's." '^rin'ri' ('\idt'nf ly was \t'ry u'tMxl Liiound lor Kahn's suspi' i(»ns. as the peculations of the ( io\ eriior. Intendant and principal niliciiils were at (his lime notorious,and "coni|ilainl al'teii oniplaint was de>;piitcheil to Frany stop|>in<;" at Three Jvi\'ers, I could reach the I'orues in two hours, so havini^' settled upon that course, I re(pieste«l MKiiiaud, who was then in chaiu'e ol that post, lo accompiiny me. Wc lell Three liivers at li\e o'clock a.m., with M. Tonnancdur and other IVieuds, whom M. K'ou\ille, director ol'the luru'es. had invited let accompany us. In leaving- the lowu, we ascended a hill covered with sand, crossed a iilain and passed ihrouuh a wood of stunted trees, on emertiiu^' IVom which we stood on a hill overlooking' a valley, in which the said loru'es ol' the Kinu- are situ- ated; we cr(»ssed a wooden hridiie huill over a small stream, and dis- erid>arked i'rom our conveyance at the door ol' the Director's dwellinii'. Alter the lirsl ceremony of reception l>y the IMieclor. his wile, and the other employees, we proceeded to visit Ihe works. The stream which drives Ihe machinery is dammed up in three places; the lirst dam drives the wheel r«^r the furnace, the second and thiriii'tlor'.s ri'sidi'ini". ;i vi-ry l.iriif fsl.tMislmn'iil, Iml siiirtcly liniit' (Mioiiiili lor llii' miiiilM'r of fiiiplov res wlio liiiVf lo In- intoiii- lllo(l;iti'<|. ■ ( )m t'lili'iiii!!' the loiii't'. I was n-rcivtMl williM < ii.slniiiniv <<'r<'- IMoiiy : llii' witl'kliK'll iiiouMimI :i pin' ol' ii-i)ll ;il)i>lll lirifcii ti-i'l loilL!', lor my s|»f(i;il Itciiclii. Tlit' prixcss is very siiiipjt'. it is (loiic l>v plmit>'iiiL> :i Ijii'i:'!' lixlli' into llit> licjiiid l)oiliii<^' on- :iiitl t'liiplyiiiu' ilx' iiijilfiial into :i n'ullt'r Miadi- in tlu'Mind. M'lcrlliis icii-nioiiv I was shown I III" pii'ifss or,s|o\c nKMildin-j. wliicji is ;i Vfiv siniplf allair JMil rallifi- :in inlrit;i|i' op)>r:ilion : i-arii stoxc is in six pin cs, wliiili art' sfparalciy niouldi-d. I liry ;iic (al'ti'i-wards) lilird into imiIi other, and loiin a slo\ I' idfonl I hiec Ici'l hiiih I then visited (ln' shfd wIhtc lln' workmen were niouidiiiL;' pots, kettles and other iiojjow ware. ( )n leavinii this p.art ol' the lorife \v<' were taken to the hammer lort-es, where har iron ol' every kind is hammered omI. In eaiji dei>;irtment (d'Ihe I'orui-es. the woikmen ol)served the old reremonv ol l»rushiny a siranii'ers" hoots; in return they expect .some mon<'V to buy li<|nor to drink to the visitors henlth. This estahlishnii'iit is \ ery extensive, empjoyiii'j iijiwards of ISO men. Nothing' is eonsumed in the iMriiaee bnt rli;ir.o;d. \\ hieh is made in the immedinte viiinity of the post. The ore is riih. L>ood and toleraldy elean : it rorinerl\ was found on the spot, now (he Director has tt» send some distance for it. The man- agement of these I'r^iji's is economical. It: must he readilv understood that ovvinji' to the juimerous l)ranches in whii h expenditure must he incurred, unless a competent man h(^ at the head of ali'airs, many abuses would be the coiisetpience. AlUOni;' other employees. His Majesty the Kinu supports a liecollet l^ither at this establishment with the title of .Vumonier. This iron is preferred to the Spanish iron and is sold oil' at the Kinii's stores in t^u(d)ec at the rate of from 2;") to -'lo <'astors (beaver skins) per hundred weight. In order to obtain a better knovvlediic of the position of these works, I would refer to the notes sent to the(\tnrt (»f iMance on this subjiMl. wherein will be foumi all details of their manaiienu'ut. I may say. however, in conclusion, that they are unprolitable to the Kino-, and I am assured that if they were oU'ered on lease at public sale, one hundred pistoles ])er annum miii'ht l)e jn-ocured for them. Alter a splendid dinner at M. n Inmi flie J'.ritish and ('aiuulian Review, Vol. I., No. 2, .Iaiiiiin\ , ls(j;5, by M. Mmauloy. I ■nil: M wfFvt ii'iJK ()|- ii;(»\ in cwmiv 18 II \\iil||)| il|)|MM| :is il'lllf ^<)^^'*•^ pliMlllri'il lilMii' Hull lluii llir . oluny < oIlM cnlisiilllt'. :ill III Im' lirr- al'lllH : sn il \\ lis pro|)o,si>(| lo lurin .\ ii:i\;il <->t:ililisliliii'iit III ('mii:iiI:i ;ill«l llliijvc ll^i' of litis ( ':iii;i(lliili il'oii m slil|ilMill ill I'lli-i i m riiiii|ilislitMl ' \\ <• IH'Xl lnsil uT I llCsc r.ilut'.s ill I ill' Mil Irjcs ul'i ilplt lll.llloll licl W ('I'll tlit'ir J'iX'flJi'iirics Miijdi ( 1 1 "Ml Til I Aiiihrrsl, ( 'MiiiiiiniHlt'r in < 'liirl dl' His lii'itiiiiiiit' M;ij<'siv> lriMi|i> ;iii)| lories m North Ann'iii ;i. mi ilif one |>;irl, :iii(i IJu' Mari|Uis iji- \';ni(lrfUil, \i , ( io\ I'l iior iiiiil Lli'Ult'iuiiit ( n'Mfiii! I'm- till' Kiii'j in ( ';iiiii«l;i, on ihf ol In-r. mi llic sili of St'pl.. IT''" AifTicM': XI.IV 'Tlir |i;i|)t'is oT llii> IiiIi'IkI.imi v. ol' I ln' ollin-rs ol' ( 'mii|»t roller of tlic Miiriih' oT t III' .iiirii'iit ;iii»l new I rciisiireis of i lie Kind's iiiiinii/nies, III llie nliii es ol' llie leveiiue. ;iii(l /(»/-i,'Y'S r»/ >7 Miiiniir. sli;ill |eiii;iill in llie |>ii\\ er III M. liiLiiil, I lie I nleinliiiil. iiinlsliiilll nihiirked lor I'liinee ill llie simie vessel \\ illi liiiii , lliese piiiiers shall not lie exaillilled." The Inleiidanl arrived safely in I'Vaine, Iml was at nine seized iiiul imprisoned, and made lo disuoruc mosi of his ill-iiolleii i;aiiis. - Till' forties and all perlaininu" l<> them now passed into the hands of the lliil isli ( "idwn. and, all liouuh for some years tiu'rcaieno rermds, iht'ro is no (h»iil>l thai I hey were worked. III ITi'm till' Crow n. whith was represented al that t ime I>v ' i«>v- ernor Murray, leased the trael of land and works for sixteen vears, from the liMli of June, lo Chrisiophe rellisier. Alexamlre Ihimas, Thomas Dunn. ISenjaniin I'rii e, Colin Drummond. ])umas St. Martin, (.reorg'c Alsopp. .lames .Johnson and I5ro<»k Walsmi. al a rental of C25 eurreiiey i)ei annum. In l77-"» the Amerieaii invasion oiiiirred, when it appears thai IV'llisier helped the invaders with hot h ^oods and money and went toseetliemal Holland House, near (Juehee ; he ;il.s(» east shot and shell for them to he used iii the sieueof Quehee, and lilially, the nin'lit hefore thehattle of Point du Lae. wluM'e the iuva(h'rs weie healen hy the I'huilisli under (leneral Carlton, he ran oil" to Sorel \vu\ the United State.s. takinu' with him all the funds, as also the vou«'hers Ibr the ' llistniv of AiiiiMii;! I'v Will. Ixii.ssi'll, of ( il■;ly'^s iiiu. Hook iv, J). i>7l.*, liOiuloii, ITTS. ' rarkiuairs " .Moiitraliii ami Woll'o." It llir. M \NI'I\<'||-I!r. iii . :l^lltM| :iii i<'< ii\ rr :ilitl till' Mi'w li's«.t't', iind liis ii'iiii w ;i> lor sisimi yi'ur.s ;i( cis !•> stfiliin:' pfi \<'iir. !!•' sold iIh' Itiihiitf of his |(';iM' oil tin- I'Mh oj' M;ir. Ii. \~tS~i. to Alt'XiiiidiT l>;ividso|i :illd .lolill h 'I's for t Ih' smil ol t-. :'.'•'» I III lt'li>\. This |»:irt- IhTshlp \\;l> slll»Nr(|||.'||| 1 V dis>o|\i' ;{(itli ol M;iy in i hut mmi, tlii'\ w fic Liiiinlcd an txtriisioji III Ihi' Isl A|nil. Isdj. at the saiiif ii-ntal. A ih'W ai ranni'iiii'iil was now niadc, Muiiro\' I'hII cnli'iini:' into a llvf years Irasc and payiiiLS all annual ii'iital ol fSod .NiciliiiLi I'his lapsrd ill |sii(). hut thi'y t important industry in Canada. • there existini"- then a t oiisidi'rahle export ol' ( ast iron artieles, iiarlii iilaiiy of stoves. I'^roni year to vartlie phnc liamnu'd in at the l)aek.'" and that jx'ople who dcsin'd to settle in that neii>lil)orhood could not obtain any land; this irritation was further ilieretised, '" by a i)roclamati(»n, the lessees induced liOrd Ual- ' r. C. WmtoU-. ■' LeUurs IVoin Canada, lliivrli (oay, l.oiulon, p. ■_'-, lsOi>. ■' r»(iiii'ln"tte'.s J.,o\vi:r ('aiiaila,lSl)L'. St. Maiuitv. iiii; M wnvtri'i.'K oi- ii;<>n in cwvpa 1ft lioUMt' (< i()\ I'l iiiir lioiii |S"JOt(» Is".^^) I" i>'«in', |iriiliil»ii iiiM I'Vi-ii llii' IM.'lkill'J r ;i cikIi sc;ir |']\ t'M (III' lU'ftfili |> ol' .sl I ll<'l loll lo IIk' I'iIi'I I iillltl lint III' lii;i(|f lill tills, lis l;i|»l>iiiii III"' in'fs did iml (Ifslids llifiii Ini wmitl ' Till' lli»ui>r "Idi- Miiiilifw I'lidl. Sfi'^iitiii li\ I'd III plilh id\ >l\ Ic in Ins rlijilfuii ;i| lill' loiMi's, \\ lici'i' III' l\i'|»l ii >l ud III liulM's .111)1 II |»ii''k III liix llitlllld>, and wlii'ii liis Iciisi' i'xpiii' aldi' lo nt'l il ii'iit'Wi'd liy onliTs-iii-roiiiHil liom yar (o ycai lill 1^4(1 lit; died slioilly alli'iw aids, and al llic linn' ol' liis di'atli u a> in \ riy li'diiti'd liriuiiiNlaiii I's, JM'iii'j' iiLsolvfiit hrloii' In' L!a\i' ii|t llif luryt-.s. Tilt' Crow II now irsoht'd lo m'U Ihr inoix'ity niid it was houuht at auilimi liy ilfinv Sliiail, Adxoratc. ol Montical. on Aiiniist 4tli, |S4ii, and w as Icasi'd l»y linn tn.lanics h't'irifi. ol' Mont real, w Im worked it I'or soini" yrars ' lltiiiy Stuart liiiallv sold liis iiitficsi to Aiidicw Stuart and .lolni roitci, of (^utdict . w Im ahaudoiK'd it in IS."»!», jis it did not pay. It a|»pi'ai> that w lirii lli'iiiy Sliiarl punliascd tlir piojM'it \ . lie paid \i'iy littli'. if aiiytliiiiii'. on it. and tin' halainc ol' tlir |>uirliasi' inoiii'y not Uciiii:- paid wln'ii due, tin- Crown oNtaiiird a pidyint'iit against liiiii and si'i/.cd t li«' inopcrty wliiili w as .sold l>y I lie sln'iiU'on t In' JJnd ( )rtiil)rr. !S»;i. • Till' foru't's not In iiminiillit' \ alui-sct upon ihcni hy tlif Crow II wt-ri' aitpiin'd l»y lln'iii lor s7,J(l(l.'" ' niid sold (loi-et her w'itli a larni aitai ln'd. Inii willioul any nion' land) tin- Tollowiuu' year to Moiisii'ur llcroiix. ol' St. Uaruabf, I'or s7,(l()(), who in Ins turn sold the I'oru'i's. n'tainiiii;' tlir lariii, to .loliii Mcl)i»ug"all of JMoiitrcal. I'or t'lJOO t'urrtMiry. This prirc iinliidi'd tlu' luniarcs. works, housi', fottaii'os, w atiM' pri\ iU'<4»'s, \t. All tin' land fornn'rly pi'itaiiiiiii:' to tjn' t'oru'cs w as sold to the sipiattcrs and si'ltlrrs who supplied or*' ami wood I o th»> works, wliiili wt'ic now once ..ore n'sunicd. TJu'ir product, how«'v«»r, was thiclly usee' in the niaiiurartiirc of car wheels, and so the trade in stovi's and hoi »\vware gradually fell oH'. The properly is now owned hy Geort'-e McDoui^all, of Three KivcM's, ' Tlu' rioii. .liiiiie.s I'oiiier infonii.s mo llial Iio oc ..pied and \vorlut the year 17'*8,a blast fuiiiace and cast ini^' house. twt» for!Li'e> a saw and urisi mill, besides other workshops and dwellinLi' house \Vt re built, on t h" enst side of the l»a(iscan river, about si.\; miles fr om its mouth. The woiks were sitvuited in the seiyneurie of Uatiscan, County of (Miami)l;iin, were in operalion s(Mne little time ami were similar to those at St. Maurice : but the proi)riet()r dii'd and the place was shut up. l>oth ore ami wood are reported to have been more >lentifi ul here than at SI. Maurict An interval of sixty years now occurs before we again hear of a new enterprise Till. \{ The Kadnor Ibrn'cs at Fer Madeleine. Counly of Champla VDNOJl 1<< )n(Ji ES. moni in the se iu'iu'urit in, are si tuai cd ar)ouf 1 of Cap de la en mi les I rom Bonchotti 's Lower Canada, ISo:.'. hai THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON IN CANADA. 17 Three Rivers, on tho Piles Hrauth oftho North Shore h'iiilway, and were ♦■rected about 18(10, by Messrs. Larue & Co.,' Ihf tirm consisting of Larue, Turcotte and (I. 15. Hall &Co. The t'stablishnient was extensive, con- sisting oi' a blast furnace, tbrue and large rolling mill ; a car wheel foundry in Three liivers, 40,000 acres of freehold land (timber and ore lands) also forming a part of the property. Sir William TiOgan, in his Geology of Canada, 18»!.>, says: "The crude ore is brought to the furnace partly by the workmen of the comi)any and partly by the farmers on whose land it is found. It is washed to free it from adher- ing earth, and then yields from forty to Hfty per cent, of metal ; about 2,000 tons of cast iron being now produced annually from between 4,000 and 6,000 tons of ore. The number of men employed at the J^1duor Forges varies from 200 to 400, a great many hands being reijuired at certain seasons to dig up and bring in the ore, and to prepare and transport the charcoal. " The ('hief manufacture of the company has, of late, been cast- iron wheels for railway cars, for which the metal appears well adapted. A pair of car wheels, which were said to have run 150,000 miles, with an axle, of this manufacture, were sent by Messrs. Larue & Co., the proprietors of the forges, to the Liternational Exhibition of 1862. Wrought iron is also made at this establishment, and a rolling mill has recently been ere(^ted here, which furnishes iron for the manufac- ture of scythes and nail rod iron." The rolling mill and forges, &c., have since been destroyed by fire, and at present the blast fiunace is in operation, turning out about four tons of iron per day. The ore is dredged up from the bottom of Lake Tortue, delivered on railway cars and ( arried direct to the furnace, whilst the iron is still used for car wheels in the wheel foundry at Three Rivers, now leased to Mr. George McDougall. Over a million dollars have been sunk in these works since their commencement, through bad management and disastrous fire. L'iSLET Blast Fttrnaoe. This furnace was built by the Messrs. McDougall. the proprietors of the St. Maurice Forges, about four miles from those works,' but it has not been in operation for some years. ' tico. Suvvoy, lHti'3. ^ Geo. Survey, 1873-74, 18 THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON IN CANADA. Iron Works at Hull. In 1807 the " Canada Iron Mining and Mauufartming Company," of Montival, built a blast furnace at Hull, near Ottawa, and, for a time, in that and the following year produciid a superior quality of pig iron, hut "the economic? results not being satisfactory" the working was stopped, and the furnace, being much injured by a forest lire a few- years afterwards, was abandoned.' Smelting in Yamaska. The "St. Francis River Mining Company " in 1869 erected a blast furnace in the County of Yaraaska. near the Riviere aux Vaches, and kept it working until 187-), producing in that time 5,520 tons of charcoal pig iron. The property was purchased in that year by Messrs. John McDou^all & Co., of Montreal," and operated by them till 1880, w^hen the bog ores having been exhausted within a paying distance from the furnace, it was dismantled. Baie St. Paul Iron Works. Two blast furnaces, extensive buildings and a railway from the works to the river were completed in 187-"? by the "Canadian Titanic Iron Company" near Baie St. Paul, on the North Shore of the St. Law- rence, about sixty miles below Quebec, for the purpose of smelting the titauiferous iron ore of that region. The furnaces were only in operation a short time, the cost of prodiiction being too great. The place w^as never worked again, and was dismantled in 1880. Grantham Iron Works. Messrs. John Macdougall & Co., of Montreal, in 1H80 ana 1881 built two blast furnaces at Drummondville, on the T\iver St. Francis, in the Township of Grrantham, County of Drummond. They are still in active operation and are known asthe'xranlham Iron Works. The resident manager, Mr. Robert Macdougall, has kindly furnished the following particulars : "The blast furnaces arc each thirty-four feet high, with boshes of eight and ten feet respectively, they are worked with hot and cold blast, and the air pumps arc driven by > (teo. Survey, 1866-9, 1873-4. ■' Geo. Survey, 1873-4. '' Geo. Survey, 1873-4. THE MAMTFAfTURE OF IRON IN CANADA. 19 water power from the ]{i\ov St. Francis. The I'uel used is charcoal, and the bog ore which contains nhoni 40 to 4;") per ccnt.oi' iron is obtained about three miles from the works. The annual <-apacity is 4,000 tons, and the product charcoal pig iron for car wheel purposes." A siding from the South Eastern Railway runs directly into the works, and the iron is made into car wheels at the loundry in Mont- real. Moisic Ikon Works. The " Moisic Iron Company " was originated in 1 867 to work the iron sands on the North shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Dr. Sterry Hunt, in his " Notes on Iron and Iron Ores '" in the Geological Survey Report of 18f>6-r)0, says : — " The great deposits ol' black iron sand on the beach near the mouth of the Moisic river having attracted attention, A'arious attempts to reduce it were made. In January, 1807, Mr. W. M. Molson, of Montreal, had the ore successfully treated T)y the bloomary process, in northern New York, and the result proving satisfactory, several bloomary lurna«'es were, in ]S(!7, «'rected I)y him at Moisic, and have since been in successful operation." A forge and rolling mill were sul)se(juently erected in Montreal to work up the loops or blooms, whith were made into forgings, &c., and also exported to the United States. I am indebted to Mr. James M. Swank for the followina\ which is a copy of a leading article from the "Bulletin,'' a weekly paper published l>y the '• American Iron and Steel Association," at Philadel- phia, issue of May 4th, 187.) : — 1881 Moisic Ii;ox. "A recent Treasury decision revives interest in a subject whiith well illustrates the necessity of constant vigilance by the iron manu- facturt>rs of the country in guarding their interests from hostile influ- ences. On the 17th March, the secretary of the Treasury decided that the Collector of Customs at Ogdensburg, New Vork, was right in assessing a duty of one and a half cents per i>ound, less ten per cent., on certain Moisic iron blooms imported from Canada, March 2nd, and refusing to allow them to be entered as pig iron at !i^7.00 a ton, less ten per cent. The Secretary said : — 20 THE MANUFACTURE OF IT?ON IN CANADA. " The 6th section of the act of February 7th, 18to, having placed Moisic iron in thc^ same category for assessment of duty as all other iron, the only question to be determined in this i .ise is, whether the said iron is more advanced than ])i<»iron. On this question it appears that the iron is not known by the designation of iron in pigs, but is invoiced and is commonly known, bought and sold as iron in blooms (a staue of manufacture in advance of pig iron), and therefore is liable to duty at the rate prescrilicd for " iron in bars " as assessed under the provisions in ' SchcduU' !'],' which is as follows: ' But all iron in slabs, blooms, loops, or other forms less linished than iron in bars, and more advanced than pig iron, except castings, shall be rated as iron in bars and pay duty accordingly."' Moisic iron is made in Canada (-n the north shore of the Grulf of St. Lawrence, from a hue black sand, lying aljout three feet below the ordin- ary bt'aih sand, and containing over 03 per cent, of metallic iron. A I'orge, with eight fires, converts this ore into a very fine quality of iron blooms, which are equal to the best Swedish and Russian charcoal bar and hammered iron for the manufacture of the best cast steel, and come into direct competition in our market with the product of our Lake Champlain forges and other steel irons. The blandness which could demand that these Moisic blooms should be admitted into our ports as pig iron is most remarkable, but it is thrown completely in the shade by the innocence of a member of Congress, who, not very long- ago, standing on this floor of the House of Representatives held up in his hands the ragged end of one of these blooms and stated that it was only so much pig iron — that is iron in a primary stage of manufacture, and was therefore entitled to pay duty as pig iron and )iot as a more advanced product. At the time this statement was made the iron in question was worth twice the value of the best imported pig iron. The tactics which represented Moisic iron to be pig iron were so far successful as to induce Congress by the Act of (tth .Tune, 1H72, to fix the duty at §15.00 a ton, which was less than half the duty of one and a half cents per pound, less ten per cent, imposed on iron of similar quality imported from Sweden and Norway. But this con- cession did not satisfy the parties interested in the manufacture of Moisic iron, and accordingly, in the winter of 1873-4, tln^y asked Con- gress to reduce the duty to s^O.SO a ton, the amount then levied on pig iron. Nothing was done in the way of tariff revision at that session, but in January last Congress passed, and on February 7th the President approved, an act known as the " Little Tariif Bill,'' the 6th section of which reads as follows : — to dii; Coni Uni clas cout Han and fort last, for tl THK MANUFACTURE OF IRON IN CANADA. 21 " That soction Ibuv of tho act entitled, ' Au Act to reduce duties on imports, and to reduce internal taxes and for other purposes,' approved June 6th, 1872, be and the same is hereby amended by strik- ing out the thirtieth paragraph of said section in relation to the duty on Moisic iron, and from and after the passage of this act, the duty on Moisic iron, of whatever condition, grade or stage of manufacture, shd/l he the same as on all other species of iron of like condition, grade or stage of manvfactiirc.'' To the mind of tlii' Moisic iron manufacturer this section i)laced his blooms in the same class as pig iron, paying !«;7.00 a ton less ten per cent., but to the mind of the Secretary of the Treasury, it placed the blooms in the same class with iron in bars, paying one and a half cents a pound, or $33.60 a ton (2,000 pounds) less ten per cent. Quite a dilTerentM'. Between the date of the approved " Little Tariff Bill " (February Vth) and the approval of the " tax and tarilf bill " (March 3rd) the above duties ij;7.00 and $33.60, respectively, less ten per cent., were in force. By the terms of the last named act, the ten per cent reduc- tion was abolished. This exp>anation accounts for the fact that the Collector of Customs at Ogdensburg was asked to assess a duty of $7.00 a ton less ten per cent, on Moisic iron imported March 2nd, and was sustained in his decision to assess a duty of one and a half cents a pound, less ten per cent. The duty on this iron since March 3rd is one and a half cents a pound." The proprietor having lost a large amount of money was obliged to close both the works at Moisic and those in Montreal, and they were dismantled and sold in 1876 or the following year. The action of Congress, no doubt, which prevented the export of the blooms to the United States deprived him of the only market there was, for that class of iron, and the outlet for his product being closed, he could not continue. Quebec Steel Works. An attempt was made in Quebec to work these sands. Mr. B. J. Harrington, B.A., Ph. D., in his " Notes on the Iron Ores of Canada and their Development," in the Geological Survey Report of progress for the year 1873-4, thus describes it : — " Manufacture op Steel at Quebec. — In the month of June last, I had an opportunity of visiting the steel works erected at Quebec for the purpose of manufacturing steel directly from the purified sands 00 THH AfANTTKACTr^RF. r»F lUON I\ «V\\A1)A. of the Chilf. Sino(^ the death of Mv. Labrecho Mg'tT, tin' works have passed into the hands of a new touipany, the president of whicli is Mr. C!hinic, liardwan* merchant of Queljec. The loiterprise, so far as I could learn, lias not been successl'ul, and at the time of ray visit nothing whatever was beinu' done. The furnace is a well constructed Siemens regenerative i'urnare, with live gas produ(^ers, and, except in the construction of the hearth, wliich is perfectly Mat, and in one or two other minor details, resemliles the one employed by tlu^ Messrs. Cooper & Hewitt at Trenton, N. J, in the manufacture of ste(d accord- ing to the Siemens-Martin process. In nniking steel, the sand, which had been purilied by Dr. Laliue's magnetic machine, was mixed with tar and charcoal powder in a box (;ontaiuing revolving knives or beaters, and thi- mixture was then presscxl into square blocks l)y means of a hydraulic press. The blocks were then piled upon the furnace hearth and mi^lted down to steel, which was linally tapped oil" into ingots containing about 200 p(mnds. The produced at a melting, which required six hours." Nothing more was done and the works were abandoned. I1ay('(J(K Ikon Wouks. In the winter of 1H72-7-'). still ({noting from Mr. Harrington, " The Haycock Iron Mine was opened and about r),00() tons of ore raised." The mines are situated about eight miles northeast of the City of Ottawa, in the Province of Quebec, and the works consisted of a " steam saw-mill, Bloomary forge, engines, pumps, steam hammer, workmen's cottages, stables, &c. Some blooms were made and exported to England ; the iron was of very line quality, but the enter- prise was not commercially successful and the place was closed, and has not for some years been used. The Ottawa Iron and Steel Manu- facturing Company recently acquired the property. THE AfANUFArTUT^E OF TT^ON IN CANADA. 23 The ised." |ty of o[' a .mev, iiucl iiiter- and anu- EXPEUIMENTAI. WoKKS IN MONTREAL. Th(! Canadian Iron and Steel Conipauy% of Montreal, were inoor- ponded in 1881 to test an invention of Dr. G-eorg-e Duryee's, of New York, for making wrought iron direct from the ore. The process was patented, and was called the " blow pipe pro(Hiss." Crude petroleum was the fuel used, it being dripped into a strong blast and vapourised. An experimental furnace had been built in Toledo, O., and some iron is claimed to have been made there with however very doubtful result, but the inventor, sanguine, after his kind, urged that by certain improvements in the furnace, eventual success could not be a matter of doubt. A site was chosen in Hochelaga, a suburb of Montreal, and about a tw«'lve-month was occupied in perfecting the machinery and getting everything ready. The furnace consisted of an iron cylinder lined with iirebrick ; the cylinder was inclined and made to revolve, it was 120 feet long and and five feet in diameter for 100 feet, the remaining twenty feet, l)eing ten feet in diameter. The iron ore was ground fine and mixed with flux, and introduced into the elevated end of the cylinder, and gradually worked down as the cylinder revolved. The heat from the combustion of the vapourised oil was intense, and when, under its inlluence, the particles of ore began to melt, they stuck together, and by the time they reached the " puddling (-hamber" at the enlarged end, should have gathered into balls, which, when ready, were to be taken out and hammered into blooms. The experiments were continued about twelve months, and iron ore from Hull, Bale St. Paul, Moisic sand and Bog ores, were tried, with limestone, clay, and quartz as flux, but although a small quantity of iron was produced, the experiments could not be called successful, and so after spending some $70,000 or $80,000, they were stopped. Montreal Iron Works. In Montreal there are, at present, four rolling mills, which manu- facture iron for their own use, from wrought iron scrap and imported puddled l)ars. For tack making the best quality of lilnglish sheet iron is imported and Swedes charcoal tack-strips, the product being spikes, nails, horse shoes, tack brads, springs, bolts and nuts in the one case, and butt welded iron pipe in the other. They may be enumerated as follows : — Montreal Rolling Mills Company : Manufacture cut nails, pressed 04 tHK MANrFAOtURE OF IRON TN CANADA. nails, horn, nails, tacks, brads, &c., and iron i>ii>o butt w-Ulod. Both mills' are wtnkod by stoam power. ne Pillow, ITn-sn/ Sf Co.\ Work^ : rrodiv^o cut nails, railway and pressed spikes, horse shoes, cut tacks, brad and shoe nails, also carruige, tire and other bolts, coach screws, hot pressed and forg.^d nuts, &c. The rollini? mill is run by steam, and the bolt factory, &,c.. by watei ^"""^ 7V iro/7.'S ofPrrh; Bn,n„ .S' ^'o. : Troduce nail plate cut nails clinch and pressed nails, horse shoes and horse shoe nails, ship and railway spikes, and tacks of all sorts. These works are operated by '''' %]rmtroi>omiU> nollh>ti mnh, Abbott S,- Hodgson, Proprietors : Manu- facture railway and ship spikes. hors.« shoes, clinch, pressed, cut, barrel, box and other nails. This mill is run by steam power. T^aken Iro.V. Mr. W.'j. Patterson's Board of Trade Report, 27th August, 1883. CHAPTER III. EAItLY lilM'ERPRISKS IN ONTARIO. The lirst attempt to iiiiimifaciun' iron in Ontario was madf at Lyndluirst, then called l''uruaee l^'alls, on the Giin!ino<(ue Riv«'r, in the County oi' Leeds. This county was hrst settled in llxf) and its boundaries established l)y proclamation on the Kith July, 1792. About the year IsOO, a company composed of Ephraim Jones, Daniel Sherwood, Samuel Barlow and Wallace Sutherland erecte*] a blast furnace at the Falls, the water power being- no doubt utilized to drive the machinery and work the blast. "The ore was of inferior quality and had to be drawn a consider- able distanie, consequently the enterprise was not a iinancial suc- cess, })eing' abandoned after two years trial. At one time an attempt was made to cast hollowware for the use of settlers, including pots and kettles, but proved a complete failure." Such is the account given by Thad. "\V. H. Leavitt in his history of the united counties of Leeds and Grenville. ' A forge for the manufacture of bar iron was built aljout the same time for the same company, and was in operation until 1812, when, from want of capital, and on account of the derangement uf business, consequent upon the war country, but I do not know^ of any one bea of ore that will exceed 120 tons. I spent thret; months in examining the country for ore, and I calculate that it will take all the or(> I found within twenty miles of this plac(» to supply a small furiuice for seven years, but I believe considerable quantities within that si)ace are not yet found. No rock ore has as yet been found in this part of the Provin<'e, and if thi^re is any, it must be at considtu'able depth from the surface of the ground and will be difficult to iind, as the strata lie horizontal. An- ' Lieut Baddely's paper in Lit. and His. Soc, Quebec, 1830. Vol. ii, p. 420. '' Loudon, 1822. TIIK MANUFACTT'HE i iK IRON IN ("ANAPA. 27 of ro- T ks lit lu' ill lor nty It I other thing' uuniiisl iron works is, that it will rt'cinirc nniny experi- ments before we ciin know the best mi^thod of workiny" tiie ore, iind liiere is not any stone in tiiis part of the l'rovint.*e that will stand the tir<', and I beJicNc it will be best il it conies from three dill'ereni piaees in the I nited States. I want live or six pieces of iron, each ;!() cwt., those will come to an enormous expense. I intended to ask the (rovernnnmt to nive or lend me live or six disal>led cannon for this. I asked the (lov«'inment to i)ay the passa<»e ol live or six i'amilies from Knuland to work in I he furnace. 'Phis could not l)e ^'ranted, and therefore I would nut ask for the cannon. .Vnother thiny auainsi me i that there is not a man in the country that 1 know capable of workinii' in the furnace. Hut the greatest dilliculty I ha\ e to over- com(» is iron men, as we call them, who are the very worst sort of men to manaue, «"olliers not excepted. Not one of a hundred of them but will take ev<'ry advantai!;e of his mastt^r in his power. If 1 have just the nund>er of Ininds for the work, everyone of tlunn will know that F cannot do without ev<'ry one of them, therefore ev«'ry one of them will be my master, anxiety and trouble w'ill be the conse(|iience ; and if 1 kee]) more hands than are necessary, s(» as to have it in my power to turn those away who will not do riuht, this will be exi)ensive. But, after all. if the ore is as yood as 1 expect. I hope to reduce the price of iron very considerably. The place where I am is a reserve lot. (rovernGr Crore has promised encouragenu^nt to the works, when the Crovernmet is satisfied they will answer a good purpose. If Gov- ernor (lore does not return to this country, and what he i)romised should be refused me, iron works will be at an end with me and at this place ; but T shall not ask for the promise until the inhabitants of the counliy will l)e my bondsmen for the beiieiits arising from the iron works. When 1 saw you I oilered a considerable sum of money to take them oHmy hands ; this 1 repeat, not but what I believe they will answer, })ut the trouble will be more than etjiial to any profit from them. Those who bi-gin iron works in this country after me, will start many thousand dollars a,h(>ad of me, (everything they want, exc(»pt stone, will be iuid bore, the best method of working the ore will be known, and men will be learned to work it. " I am, sir, " Your obedient servant, "John Mason." In spite of his enterprise and perseverance, poor John Mason never reaped any benefit from it, he had only made a few tons of iron when •2H Till', MANTIFACTirur. OF IWO.V IIV CANADA. Ilii' iniitT wall ol' his I'liniiict' ji'avc vviiy aiul hcciimc " l)un<^»'d up," so thai it was of no use. This (liscourauiny t'vont seemed in prey on his mind, and he sickened and died, leaving- thi- properly !•» his widow and son. Tn is-2(» the pr(tperiy was purchased by Mr. Joseph Van Norman, who is now in the si)(h year of his aue. and is livinu' at Tilsonhuru,'. The lollowini^' |)arti« lUars wi-re ohtaiiU'd Irom him and kindly I'ur- nished l>y his son. i\ir. (I. Iv. \'an Norman. Q.C, ol' Hrantlord. In is-JI Mr, Van Norman formed a partnership with Mr. Hiram C!aj)ron, lale of Paris, and Mr. (leory'e Tilson, late of Tilsonhuru', and ( >mmeneed huildinii' a, hlast furnaee, wliieh was compleled and put in hlast in ]S-22, alter an expenditure of >;8,(l(iO. The iron turned out was ol excellent quality, and the ore fairly rich. It was hoy ore and was found in the swanijis and marshes in the vicinity, heinu' hauledin hy wayon teams, a distance varyinif from six to twelve miles. The average (H)nsumpt ion per day was nine tons, producing' about three tons of i)ig' iron. The furnace would he in blast about eight or nine months out of the year, running night and day, aiul producing 70(1 to HOO tons of iron, w'ith an annual consumption of fuel equal to 4,000 cords of hard wood, made into charcoal in the usiial way. In 1880 the works were burnt down, but were immediately rebuilt on an extended scale. In the early stage of tht^ enterprise, all the iron made was eon- verted into various kinds of castings, there being no market for pig iron, and as a. consef|uence the wants of the country at that time be- loming o\ crsiocked, some was exported to UuUalo, and a vessel loail of stoves and eastings sent to Chicago. The wares produeed were dis- posed of. along the shores of Lake Erie, from Fort lilrie to Amherst Bay, and taken into the interior of the country by teams. Before the opening of the Welland Canal, stoves, kettles, and otiier iron ware were s«'nt very long distances by teams, particularly in winter, going as far as Chatham, Waterloo and beyond 8t. Catherines. After the opening of the Welland (\inal (tlie WrA vessels passed through in the year 1829,) places on the Canal and Lake Ontario were accessible by water, and accordingly two vessels were employed 1)y Mr. Van Norman, and kept busy during the summer. Hamilton, Toronto, Port Hope, Kingston, etc., were thus supplied, and from these centres the wares were distributed into the back country. Some of the goods were sent as far as Montreal. The business setnned to be the right thing for the country, and started at the right time to be of use to the Tlir. .M.VNT'KACTUKK OF Il.'ON I.N CANADA. 'Jit now sottlt'v. lo I'urni.sh liim liis simav kclllfs, liis kcHlos for boiliim' the ashes n-iithcit'd Irom Ihc Imnuny of his l of tiiesc demand due bills for iron, and then for a time the praetiee was discontinued. At the expiration of live or six y^ears, Mr. .rosei>h \'an Norman, who was the mana!;>ini>' partner, and j^ave the nanu- o'.' Normandah* to the locality, bought out his partners, and took his brother Ijenjamin into th(»busin«'ss, but be retired after a. few years and the concern was carried on in the name of .1. \'an Norman iV Son till 1847. l>y this time both fuel and ore were well niuh used ui)in thi' nei<>-hborhood of the furnace, and it was abandoned. The lirm had also a forue in the vicinity of Port Dover, where for some y-ears they carried on the manu- factur«' of l)ar iron for horse and sleiuh shoes. After the closinii' of the Normandide furnace, its owiu'r paid a visit to the Marmora Iron Works, which will now be described. Maumowa Ikon Wouks. the The Township of iMarmora. in tiu* County of Hastinys. has loni>' been noted for its iron ores. " In 1S21 the townshi]> was lirst adver- tised for sale, but from th«» rocky and swampy character of a large portion of the land, it did not make much progress towards settlement, and, in ISoO, only contained r)!>3 inhabitants." ' The villag'e of Marmora is situatinl on the Cow river, 41 miles froni Teterboro, :]2 miles N. N. \V. of Belleville. Iron works were first commenced at Marmora al)out the year 1S,'>0 by a Mr llnyes, who, after spending a Inrge fortune and the fortune of his wdfe, had to give up the property to his creditors; the late Hon. ' Smith's Canada, 1851, p. 246. 80 THE MANUFACTTTRE OF IRON IN CANADA. Peter M«'Gill. ol' Montreal, to whom over €40,000 was owing", in this way came into possession ol the i>laee, and the works were lor a time carried on in his Interest, under the management ot a Mr. Manchan, who represented Kingston in the Upper Canada Parliament, hut they resul d in a hea\'y liuancial loss. In 1H4'7. Mr. Van Norman visited the works and was tempted by the appearance of the great ore beds in the immediate vicinity (the Blairton Big Bed) and the general appearance of the place, to continue to Montreal and see Mr. McGill ; he did so, and bought the property for $21,000. In the fall of the same year, he moved to Marmora, and after expending a large sum in littiugupthe furnace, putting in machinery, ovens, blowing apjjaratus. erecting and repairing buildings, cutting cord wood nnd making it into charcoal for I'uel, everything was finally ready and the fuina* e was started the following summer. The result was a bitter (lisap}»ointment, for after being ased to an easily reducible bog ore, Mr. Van Norman now had to treat a rock ore, very rich in metallic iron. The amount of charcoal used per ton of iron was con- sequently very large, and nothing but loss attended every effort he made. After the iron was made, it had to be carted thirty-two mih'S to Belleville, *»ver rocks, and "covderoy" roads so rugged that the wagons were constantly breaking down, and even the shoes of the horses were pulled otf. roads existing merely in name. It was found absolutely necessary to gel some new route, so a road was opened from the works to Healeys Falls, on the river Trent, a distance of nine miles, and the iron taken from there by steamboat to liice Lake, and carted thence twelve miles to the dock at Cobourg. Up to this time the price of iron ranged from '^80.00 to !j;3d.OO per Icni, nnd found a ready sale at these prices. In 1S48, however, the St. liawrence canals were completed, and England hud adopted the principles ot Free Trade, the consequence being thai pig iron was l)rought up and sold in Belleville and (^obourg at $10.00 per ton. This settled the question of making charcoal pig iron for Mr. Van Norman, who quotes these juices. He had to stop the works and lose everything, not having even money enouuh left to get away from the place. Keliefcame, howcA'er, unexpectedly in the shape of a letter from Mr. McGill, expressing regret at his failure and enclosing a cheque for dClOO. We shall again hear of Mr. Van Norman in iron manufacturing enterprise, but must lirst complete the story of Marmora. < o of THE MAXTTFACTUliE OF ITION IN CANADA. 31 .00 The next proprietor was a local concern from Belleville, called the Marmora Foundry Company. A oentlemau connected with the company furnished the follovving- : — ' " A company was formed in Belleville for the purpose of purchas- ing the property and makin^? another attempt to work the mines. The Marmora Iron Works, the property of the Marmora Foundry Company, are situated on lots Nos. 1> and 10, in the fourth concession of that township. The works, which are erected on the bank of the Crow River, a short distance from the foot of Crow Lake, are very extensive, and consist of two blasting' furnaces of good size, one of which has been within a few months almost newly built, and lined with Stour- bridge brick, and is ready for use at any time, when the: operations of the company may be resumed. The blast (which is called the " hot blast") is furnished by anew and improved (Cylinder apparatus with air heating ovens on the most approved principle, and is driven by a powerful and never failing stream of water. This furnace has been in blast but for a short period, and that only for the purpose of test- ing the practicability of working the ore, so as to produce such : quantity of iron per diem, as would leave reasonable expectations of the manufacture provinii' prolitable. The (^impany therefore spared no expense in fitting up the furnace, which was done under the super- intendence of an eminent iron founder and pra<'tical assistants. The (|uantity of iron (pig) produced from this furnace was live tons per day ofA'cry superior quality, and it was found that the probable cost of manufacture, in a blast of lonuer duration, would not exceed three pounds, or three pounds five shillings per ton. "Owing to some diiliculty l^etween the directors and a portion of the stockholders, who had refused payment of their stock, the works were stopped after this experiment, and will not probably be resumed for a year or two, unless the Company succeed in leasing the premises to some practical person, a course which they would [>refer, rather tlian «'arry them on in future on their own account. " The premises of the Company ar(> very extensive, and comprise (in addition lo the blast furnaces and several large houses for storing charcoal) a large stone building with trii)-hammer, for the manufacture of bar iron, sevt'ral stone buildings and houses, used for shops, boarding houses, &c., and about twelve frame dwelling houses occupied formerly by the work people of the establishment, which are SmithjCanada, 1851, p. 247. 32 THE MANT^FACTUI!E OF IRON IN CANADA. now rented out to various parties. There are also a flouring mill, a saw mill, and a buildinsi' formerly a tannery, but now about to be con- verled into a clothiuti' i^ikI lulling faclory, all driven by the same stream (which is (.-apable of propellinu' three or four times as much machinery from the siuiie head) over which a very handsome and suit- able bridge was built last year. A church (Roman Calholii-) built of .stone and of very neat construction, is situated nearly opposite the bridge, on the western bank of the stream. All of these buildings are on the property of the Comi)any and form together a compa«'t and flour- ishinu' villaii'e, in which is a post-office. On the north side of the village, and also on the propt'rty of the Company, a town i>lot has been laid out, and a few lots sold, on which buildings are now^ being erected by the purchasers, but the whole of the urounds on which the buildings above described stand, is intended by the Com- pany to be reserved for the purpose of leasing to tenants. On the south side of the village is a well cultivated farm, with handsome dwelling houses and suitable out-houses, giirdens, &c., also the pro- perty of the Company. " The ore bed (or rather the main ore bed from which the furnace was supplied, for there are many valuable beds of magnetic iron ore in the neighborhood and some of bog ore) is situated on a high bank on the shore of (^row^ Lake ; it is mined easily and loaded on board scows for transporl to the works, from which the ore bed is distant about three miles and a half. The ore is a magnetic oxyde. very rich, three tons yielding two ton of iron. Excellent as is the cast iron made from this ore, it is still more suitable for bar iron, the toughness and ductility of that which has been made there giving it a preference to the best Swedish iron. Marble and lithographic stone was also on the property of the Company, samples of the latter were sent to the great exhibition at London and received (as did also the iron and specimens of ore sent) favourable notices from the English press." From authentic accounts this Company sunk about £20,000 in their venture. In lH')t> an English Company came to the fore. Mr. Wm. Ilains- worth, now Superintendent of the Pittsburgh Steel Casting (company of Pittsburgh, Vi\., one of the largest and most sut-cessful works of this sort in the LTnited States, was sent out from England to Marmora, and Mr. Vernon Smith, who had just left the Woodstock Iron Works of New Brunswick, took charge. He rebuilt the old furn;v<;e and after- v/ards built a new one cased with iron. The place seems to have been dismantled before he took charge ; it was however again put into work- ing order, but did not run long. Mr. Smith says, " the iron was too rich at in mil snn reti W. wh( iron niiu TllK MANUKArrURR OK IIJON IN CANADA. 33 for economical workiiif^ in a blast luvnaco ; if Hux was not very largely used, the iron heing converted into vvrouiiht iron and lmnnti2,\ not meltins>'." By the time they stopped, Mr. Van Norman estimates they had lost not less than €70,000. In 1866, one of the furnaces was put in blast by a Mr. Hentley, of Marmora, and remaine, they amalgamated with the Cobourg and Peterboro' Railway Company, and have since been known as the C^obouru', Peterborough and Marmora Railway and Mining Company. They lor some years shipped annually a large quantity of ore, a railway haA'ing beeii buill on I he same route Mr. Van Norman had opened to Cobourg. In 1875 an attempt was made by Mr. W. H. Fraser, now of Ottawa, to smelt iron ore with crude petroleum in one of the Marmora furnaces. In the proceedings of the Iron and Steel Institute of ICnuland, for that year, a short notice is given of it, but they " fear not much good will result." The experiments were not commercially successful. He le at lens rich Madoc Blast Furnace. In the year 1835, Mr. Uriah S(!ymour, of Wolcott, Wayne County, New York, took some iron ore from Madoc, in the Township of Madoc, County of Hastings (not very far from Marmoia), and tried it in his furnace at Wolcott, and two years afterwards built a blast furnace at Madoc. He was never able to produce much iron, but succeeded in losing all his means, and his partner having been killed in the mine, Mr. Seymour closed up, and the place has never since revived. ' Hdi'oiiTON Iron Works. We now hear again of Mr. Van Norman, and with him of the last smelting enterprise in the Province. Alter his failure at INIarmora, he returned to his old home at Normandale. About this time the Great Western IJailway (now G. W. Div. G. T. K'y) was under construction. Messrs. Fisher & McQueston, of Hamilton, Out., were furnishing car wheels to the Company and had a great deal of trouble to get charcoal iron suitable for making car wheels. The iron formerly made at Nor- mandale was just the kind which was wanted, and an oiler was made ' Goulo^rifiil Survey, lS(i8, p. tSTii, uiul IStRJ, i>. 108. '' Geological Snrvev, 18(13, p. ()75, and 1861), p. 10!>. 3 S4 TIIK MA.VUKACTT'UK (>K II.'ON IN CANADA. by them to Mr. Van Novman, to take all the iron he could make, at a price which promised to pay \vell> viz., $4.5.00 per ton. A contract was entered into, a clause being therein inserted, providing that the iron sliould be suitable lor the manufacture oi' car wheels. (These wheels arc cast in a sand mould, having a heavy piece ol' cast iron, i ailed a chill, all round the edge. AVhen the molten iron is poured into the mould, and just where it comes in contact with the cold d, in the manufacture of railway cars, in all its various branches and require- ments, as well as in the manufacture of nails, bolts and si)ikes of every description, &c. "For the prison labour thus leased the Government is to receive ' Cap. 110, 20-30 Vic, -■ Cap. 114, 'M Vic. HI 3(; TlIK MANUKACTri.'K OF TRON IN CANADA. from the Company the sum of fifty cents per day for each and every prisoner durin;^' the first two and a half years' existence of the con- tract, for the second two and a half years fifty-five cents, and for the third and last two and half years the sum of sixty cents per day." * Tlie Company's premises adjoined those of the Central Prison, which was in course of construction. The prison buildings were not designed for this class of manufacture, but were altered and made to answer, several railway sidings were laid and the appliances put in were of the latest description. There were also introduced a forge with four large beam-hammers, and the necessary lurnaces and plant, for the manufacture of locomotive and car axles, and large forgings out of scrap iron, several small hammers, a wheel foundry equipped to turn out 120 car wheels per day, a lar«_>e foundry for soft castings, and shops and machinery lor making bolts, nuts, washers, together with a variety of iron and wood working tools. Large stocks of wood, iron, ( oal, &c., were laid in for an ext(»nsive business. From 200 to 350 prisoners were now ready and their wages of fifty cents per day had to be paid. About this time a period of very severe depression set in, and orders for oars were not to be had at any price, and after building about 100 or 200 cars, and altering some trucks for the Intercolonial Railway, the company collapsed, and the place was subsequently dismantled and sold. Hamij.ton Rolt.in. !>:?. (i. W. H. KojKjrt. THE MANITFACTUHK Ol' IHO.V IN CVNADA. 87 ty I " Date's Patent Stt-el Company " was Ibrnied iu Toronto, with a capital ol' ijiaO.OOO, lo munuladure steel under a patent g'ranied the 2'Srd Beeeniber, 18T-. to II. II. Date and F. H. Date, tor a new process of convertinii iron into steel, and known as " Dates' 8teel convertiniLi' pro- cess:"' a (harter' was obtained, and complete works for the manufac- ture of ediie tools, ^c., were erected at Niagara. The product of the factory proved uncertain. Some of tlu> tools, such as axes and hammers, would staiul the most se\.rc treatment, whilst others would not, and thus the goods were so unreliable as to he unsaleable and the place had to I)e closed. Last year some expt>riments wert» made there by Mr. A. G. Wright, of Toronto, in the same direction, but with similar result. London Steel Works. The Londoji Steel Works ('ompany, of London, Out., started in 1883, and biiilt works containing one 30 Pot, Siemens melting furnace, and a lolling mill, driven by steam, with a ten inch train of rolls, the annual capacity beiny- 3.000 tons of cast steel. The works were put up specially to make steel castings and the Wash))urn Patent car wheel, which ha.s a cast iron centre, and homogeneous cast steel tyre. The Company proposed also to mak(» bar steel, flats and rounds, coil springs and the best qualities of bar iron. In 1884 a new puddling- furnace was built and steam hammers put iu, to make steel and semi- steel by a new process, but, following in the wake of their prede- cessors, the concern failed and the place was closed. FOHOK -VT Ha.MILTON. The Hamilton Iron Forginu' Company, of Hainilton, Out., make car axles and forgings out of wrought scrap, and have a complete forge. They commenced about 1878 and are still running. en ' Chap. 123, 3G Vic. >nt., CHArTEH IV. Smelting in Nkw Brunswick. This Pvoviiiro hiis not vviinossod many iiltompts to mauufiuture iron, only one sindtinn' works havin<>- hecn l)iiilt. In 1815(5 iron ore beds wt'ro dis('o\ I'rcd at Wood.slotk, in llio County ofCarlcton, by Dr. T. C. Jackson, ol" Jiostou. Mass., during a ideological survey conductod under his guidance, by the authority of y IFiMiry IV of l^'raiitf. He sailed from iiiivre de (rrace ihe Till A|)ril. and arrived al a liavl)our on llie South ICaslern sidi' of Aeadi.'i. Al'ler some explornlioiis avound Ihe eoasl, he doiihU-d ('apt' Sahle, and aiieliored in SI. Mary's IJay. Here Ihey remained several (hiy^ and, whih' snrveyini;' Ihe eoasl, dise(»vered a vein oi' iron ore. ' A I SI. Mary's IJay. \vesl of Diyhy, lilaniferous iron ore is foviiid as sand, rorniinu' hands ol' irreuular exteiil in the beaeh, the indica- tions ])einii extensive. "' ■' The Hrst atttunpt to maiinraeture iron was made in the first deeade of llie present eentury, when a small quantity of bar iron was made in a Catahin forge fnnii the ores at Nictaux." ' MooSK TJlVER Il.'ON WOUKS. The next enterprise is thus described, by Haliburtou iu his History of Nova Scotia : ' " In the year 1825 an association was formed lor the " manufacture of iron, called the "Annapolis Mining Company," with " a capital of €10,000, divided into one hundred shares of t'lOO each. " An Act of Incor]>oration was passed by the Legislature, and the " Cxovernor was autiiorised to grani to the Company, a charter under " the (rival Seal of the Province. It was also protected by a clause " of the Act, which provided that no stockholder should be liable for " any debts ( ontracted by the Company, beyond the amount of his " shares. As a further encouragement, two ])ouniies of .€G00 (>ach " were otlered for the manufacture of a certain (juantity of hollow ware ' Tlie Pioiieor.s of Franre in the New World. Parknian, p. 220. Also compare His- tory of Xova Scotia. Haliliiirtoii, 18'_'9, p. 12. ' Mines of Nova Scotia. Gilpin, 1880. ' Nova Scotia IMinea Report 1877, p. 43. ' 1821», p. 162. THr. MANTTKACTIHI". nV HMN IN CAWnA. II " iiiul l)iir iron. Thf associiitt's iiniucdiulflv purrliasftl an cxlciLsivc " iiml Viiluiiblo vt'iii of (>n>, siJiiulcd alMUit Ihrcf and a liallinilt's IVoni " tlu' inouih oI'IIk' Mottsc K'iver, and another of tMnial iniporlanct' :il " Ni< liiux. in llic uppor part ol' Annnpolis Township, vvilli one or two '■ of smaller cxlcnl in ollit>r piacrs. Tin' local siipi-rioiily of llif former " place i^'ave il a dftided superioril y over any other part ol' the eoun- " try. I)ein^- distant only eiulit miles from Annajiolis, t welve I'rom '■ l)i!4l>y, and lii'ty I'rom St. .loiin, N.I!., aecessihie l»y watei', and all'ord- " in,i»' a i^'ood anchoriine. They therei'ore selected the eastern hank ol' "the Moose river as the site of their hiiildinii's, and erected a larue " smeltinii' I'urnace, coid hous(\s, stores, iSr»'. (Mr. Cyrus Aljrci- was the " superintench'nt.') The extensive lorest at the hciul of the river, sup- " ))lied them Avith an almiKhmce (»!' t'harcoal. "They have already (JS-JS) mannractiired a quantity of hollow- '■ ware, and are n(t\v eni>"aii('d in laying' the I'oundalions cd' lorsi-es, for "making' har iron. To carry these uhjects i)ito eti'ect. they Jiave " increased their capital to moie than twice its oritiinal amount. The " (juality of the ore has now heen ascertained, and the only part of the " experiment yet to be decided is, whether they can ccaupete with the " lMii>lish ware, or whether the cost of production will not exceed the " value of the article when manufactured, art^sult which must dopeiul " very much upon the economy and skill with which the establish- " ment is manai^ed. The works were only in operation a short time when " they were " suddenly suspended, owing' to political causes, but not before excel- " lent iron had been produced, both pig- iron forfouiulry i)urposes and " relinedbar iron."- I'or thirty-three years the works were closed, and when operations were resumed, it was for a short time only, tol>e again neglected for ten years more. In 187"J one hundred and sixty tons of pig iron were made and shipped to Boston, but since that time nothing' has been done. Experiments in Pictou County. In 1H28 an attem])t was made l>y iln^ General Mining' Association to smelt some clay iron stone and I'^asl river ore, in a hmndry cupola, at the Albion Mines, Stellarton, and, as might have been expected, the experiments were not a success. » Mines Report, 1877, [>. 43. - Mines Report, 1877, p. 43. 4-J TIIK MANUKAfvruUK ol' lUiiN IN CANADA. Nktaux Kr knacks. Two blii.st rurniKt's vv»'n' Imill at Nictuux (oiu' in Is,'.*".), but tlicy did not roimiin loiii^' in blast, and the iron pnxlufftl i.s .said to have bi-on ol' poortjuality, <»n aviomit of '•llic jjliosphorns in the ores." In ISTJ th»' I'urnatcs wt'iT "in rnins, liaA-iny Ix'cn partly torn down by llif pt'oplc ill tilt' in'iti'hbourhood to obtain the bricks." ' Ul.onMKIKI,!) Im'WNACI:. A1m>u1 ISdO a blast t'urnact' was put in operation at Hloctnififld, to sint'lt tho bog'ort's ni'that district, and it has bt'cn in blast several times since then. ' Aoadia Ikon AVowks. "We noAv come to the most important iron works ol'lhe Dominion, viz., those at Londond(M'ry : — The yreiil Vein ol'the Acadia mines was discovered by the late Mr. G. Duncan,' of Truro. In iSlo, Dr. Gesner, and in 184ti, Mr., now >Sir William Dawson, visited and reported on the iron deposits in the Col)e(piid Hills: and again, in 184!t, Sir AVilliiim Dawson, this time in ccmjunction with Mr. J. L. Hayes, of Portsmouth, N.H., went over the ivround : and their report, made to Mr. Charles D. Archibald, of London, resulted in the pro]ierty beinudeveloped,' and a charcoal blast furnace, with the necessary buildini>s, beinu' built in 18").'). by the " Acadia Mining' Company." In 18")0 a Catalan forge was put up, and a small quantity of bar iron n -de, but this was discontinued, when the furnace was \m\ in bl' The charcoal V ^ace, which was built in ISo:!, continued in blast till 1874, an estimated produced about forty-tive thousand tons of pig- iron. Sir William Fairbairn speaks of the Londonderr\ ron as fol- lows "The Specular Ore of the Acadian Mines, Nova Scotia, is said by Dr. ITre, to be a nearly pure peroxide of iron The ' Geologiciil Survey Reimrf,, 1S74. llunington " iron Ure.s." ' Mines of Nova Scotia- ( iilpiu, 1880, p. ' Natural History Societ} , Montreal, Vol. VII, p. 134. * Acadian Geolopy, Da\v,son, p. 582. ' Iron, it^s Hi.story, Propertie.s and Processes, of Manufacture, by Wni. Fairbairn, C.E., L.L.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., pa.L'e :!4. THE MANrKACTUHK lilK)Uiho()d of lar;^»' tracks of lorcsts ciipahlo of supplyint"' almost any (j\»antity ol" charcoal lor the manuiacturc ol the snpcrior (|ualitics ol" iron and stcid. Several specimenis of iron I'roni these mines have been submitted to direct experiment, and the resnlts pr(»ve its hiyh powers of resistance to strain, its ductility, and adaptation to all those processes by which the iiu«'st descriptions ol'iron and steel are numuiactiired. " The dilhculties which the (Jovernment have had to encounter, during' the last two years in obtaining- a sulliciently stronu' metal lor artillery are likely to be removed by the use ol' Acatlian pi<»' iron. Larye t|uantities have been purchased by the War Oliice, and experi- ments are now in i>rouress und(>r the direction of Jjieutenant-Colonel Wilmot, InsjMMtor (tf Artillery, and the writer, which seem calculated to establish the superiority of this uu'tal for castinn' every description of heavy ordnance." The site chosen l)y Mr. Archibald for the furnace and buildinos was on the west branch of the (Jreat Village Kiver, immediately (»n the ore deposits of thai place. The nearest shipping point by water was at (Ireat Village, some six miles away, and there were no means of communication except by teams. The importance of obtaining railway communication was very great, so, when the Intercolonial Railway surveys were lieing made in IS^U, Mr. John Livesey, who at that time represented the iron works, exerted himself to yet the railway as close as possible to the works. Mr. Sandford Fleming, in his History of the Intercolonial Railway, says: "Mr. Livesey continually urged, both privately and oliicially, " the importance of locating the railway on a route passing close to " th(» iron mines in which he was interested." " The " working season of 1805 was oci'upied in surveys. Every pass across " the Cobecjuid Mouutains, within the limit of the iron district, was " examined, and every etibrt made to secure a practical line near the " iron works.'" The Chief Engineer, Mr. Fleming, favoured a line which did not run close to the w^orks, and a dis«ussion was carried on very warmly in Nova Scotia. The matter had finally to he referred to Ottawa, as in 1807 the provinces were confederated, and the Dominion came into existence. Six ditferent routes had been surveyed, and one of them, a sort of compromise, was finally adopted by the Dominion Government, and by a letter of the 0th November, 1808, the Chief Euginee s instructed 44 TH?: MANITKACTURE OK IRON IN CANADA. to (.{irry it out. Mr. Fleming yoes on to say: "Thus the controversy " was ended; and hence arose that i^^igantic and conspicuous sweep, " which the railway traveller will observe on tht^ southern Hank of " the CN)]te(juid Mountains, where the line describes nearly half a coni- " plele circle. 80 marked is this feature in the location, that the " poi)ular voi«'e has ai)plied to it the term, ' The Grci inn Bend,' which " possibly may be retained so lons>' as the railway endures," In October, 1878, the Acadi' Iron Mines were purchased by the Steel Company of Canada (Liu.ited). Tn the previous year, Dr. A. \l. V. Selwyn, F. G. 8., Director of the Geological Survey of Canada,' made a report on +he Acadia iron ore deposits. In a book entitled "Hteel, its Manufacture, Properties and Uses." by .1. S. Jeans, Secretary of the Iron and Steel Institution of England, - the following account is given under the head of Canada: — " Catniila — The most important enterprise of its kind yet projected " in the Province of j\ova Scotia, and perhaps the most important in " the Dominion, is that of the Stcl Company of Canada (Limited), at " Londonderry, Colchester County. The Company is composed of a " few iMiglish capitalists, with a capital of two and half million dollars. "In October, 1873, the Company purchased the .\cadia Iron Mines, " Londonderry, for the purpose of engaging in the manufacture of steel " rails, &c. Operations were commenced in the summer of 1874, and " have since been intermittently carried on. In addition to the pur- " chase of the property, the Company ha^e expended about half a " million dollars in prospecting and raising ore ; in the erection of " twt) large blast furnaces for making coke pig iron; in building two " rotators and a melting furnace, with regenerative gas producers, for " the purpose of making steel direct from the ore by Siemens' direct " process, ! nd in railway works. The Company hold the patent right " in Canada of the Siemens" process, and the inventor of that process " is its chairman." " About two and a half miles of railway have been constructed to ' carry ore from the West mines to the works, and a contract has " recently been let for the building of a branch line from Debert station, " on the Intercolonial Railway, to the East mines, in the Folly Moun- " tain. When this line is completed, the company will own and operate " with their own rolling stock ten miles of railway, v^^hile they have " running powers over five miles of the Intercolonial between London- ' See Roijort of Progress, 1872-3. " Spoil., London, 188U, p. 316. THE ^MANUFACTURE OF IRON IN CANADA. 45 " derry and Debert Station. The Company owns about fifty-five square " miles of the County of Colchester, containing a mineral ran;[^e ruu- " ning east and west thirteen miles, rich in red and brown hematite, " spathic and specular ores, and ankerite, besides large deposits of fire- ■' clay. Coal has been discovered on the property, but none raised. " For the present the company are drawing their coal supplies from " the mines of Sprinuhill and I'ictou. The company have turned out " castings, iron wheels, rolls, ships knees, and good qualities of steel. " Large quantities of charcoal pig iron are on hand, and the charcoal " blast furnace has been kept pretty steadily working." The property was purchased for t'82,000 in cash, and €120,000 VA'orth of fully paid up founders shares ; they also paid Dr. Siemens ot'8000 for " the right to use free of royalty his patented processes for the production of iron and steel and their subsequent working into merchantable form." ' Although the works were built with a view to the manufacture of steel, both cast and spring steel of the very finest description, it w^as not carried on for any length of time, and a large portion of the plant has since been discarded. Probably the sudden stoppage of the proposed construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway by Sir Hugh Allan, made a changt' in the product necessary, and the company never made any steel rails, but have turned their attention to bar iron, nail plate, car axles, car wheels, castings and pig iron. Their brand is "Siemens," and the quality of their products is the very best . Like all pioneer enterprises, they have had a great many difficulties to contend against, and it is much to be regreted that the company are now in liquidation, and their property is for sale. They advertise that their works consist of " two modern blast furnaces, 1!» feet bosh, 60 feet high, with Siemens, Cowper riik (stoves erHctol uii tlie (••mtijK'ut nf .Noi^th Aiiieriia. Swiinlv, p. o'27. 40 THE MANTTKACTT'IJK OF IRON IN CANADA. Mine is fully dovcloped, and ihoioughly equipped for raising and deliverinj:^ 400 tons of coal per day." Halifax Ieon Works. In addition to the iron works already mentioned, there is a rolling mill at Halifax, where scrap iron is worked up into nail plate, ships knees, &c., by the Halifax Rolling Mill Company. PicTOu County. Forge and 8teel Works. The Nova Scotia Forge Company, at Trenton, near New Glasgow, in the County of Pictou, are situated on the East river bank ; they have very complete appliances for forging all classes of work out of s«rap iron; they make ships kuet',>, sttnimship and mill shafts, and specially «ar axles. Prohiibly more work is turned out from this shop than from any other forge in Canada. The Nova Scotia Steel Company's Works adjoin the forge. These steel works are the only ones in the Dominion ; they were com- pleted in 1888. their iirst cast being made on the 25th July of that year. One 1') ton open hearth Siemens" furnace, gas jiioducers, a re-heating furnace, with two trains of rolls, one 16 and the other 28 inch, complete the steel making plant. The mill is driven by a rever- sible steam engine of the latest type, and steam is furnish I by seven multitubular boilers. The works have an annual capacity of 9,000 tons, and produce steel plates, bar, spring and machinery steel, from hematite pig and steel scrap. Everything is very compact and complete about the works, w^hich are well situated on the l)anks of the East river, a short distance below Smelt brook, between the river and the line of the Intercolonial (IMctou and Trnro Ihanch) liailvvay. Vessels can unload dire<'t into the company's premises, and the railway has a siding into the works, so thai shipping facilities by rail or water are equally good. The I'ictou Coal Field being only a mile or two distant, fuel is very cheap. A nail factory for cutting steel nails has recently been estab- lished in connection with the works. '■■;;:| IMPORTS. EXPORTS AND DOMESTIC I^RODTJCTIOT^ OF IRON. STEEU AND COAL. rOM PI /./■:/) FROM OIUCIAL liETUUyti '■ V- 'M OK nil-: DOMINION OF C^.NADA, THE CONSUMPTION OF IRON IN CANADA. Upon appliratioii to the Customs Department, at Ottawa, for Offirial lieturus and Tahulated Statistics oi' the Imports ami Exports of Iron and Steel, and their Manufactures, I was informed "that the "Trade and Navigation Returns" contained all the information in possession of the Department." A careful study of the iiuiiual volumes since Confederation show- ed, that the classification, methods of entry and customs tariff, had fre{|uently been altered; that in every case the Dutiable, l''ree, and Specially Exempted articles were not ilassiiled with any rcfeience to the i)rocess or stages of manufacture but simply alphabetically, (often in connection with other classes of goods.) and in a number (»f cases the names and grou])ings of the several articles lorming- one entry, varied in dill'crent years ; that in fact, to become of practical value the information therein contained had to be thoroughly sifted, classified, and tabulated. This has been a work involving a very considerable amount of labour, but I trust the information now obtained may be the means of drawing- attention to the national imjiortance of the Manufacture of Iron, and may assist in the development of this industry in Canada. J. H. B. yrANU-SUl) BlIl.DINC, MOM'KKAL. 50 THE CONSUMFrioN 01" IIJoN IN CANADA. Qh (f) (J u cc in DL i^ Z, « u '^ ^ p^ w CJ 5 C4 Eci Ha? U -11 v: .^ .? ;/.' -= '^ r. 5 j^ ^: ^ e: i W >: S r>2 I 8 C o y< y< m Jg CD S 00 t » Ui «> ® — c/> 00 CO 00 (y? • •— t 03 CU 1- i -^ •- y. r. -c CO ■y P -: p Pi ^^1-l^p^r— r^ r^ f^ i—" H -:^ U ■/.- Yj '7> 03 D Si ^ l-j: ^^ :^ ^l »iS !« . cn: c3 £3 , ^ l^J r-; -,./,■•- SO c « J - - oj ii: H- 1 ~ c« ,/■ J! S 5 5 2 5 .= tc t- l£;d5Wfq^; fH •£ '-C 'r> ^ -^ ^ ^ Pi4 b CO ;c cc :? iT ifS CO -r 1 •7.' -/.f y.r ':? -i (X) :■: — • I - I - •/.► •/.. /.. Ii J.' -It CO r rs ^—4 •.^4 * * t->4 Cm •/>./.- ■■/.■ «/> c/> 0) '_> (0 u u H (0 &p CB (0 M CO (0 IT? ' "S C -^^ 3 U' .::,■ S 9 • c3 u c. -*- C • - 1^. • - £J3 I ^ s hj -; U Id : I- '■';! O >^ 4) 00 4) £ n -Ji u ;^ ;^ O Jw ;•-« j,^ .4^ '—* Im w o !2i cc |jm-c 62 TIIK CONSUMPTION OF IRON IN ('ANAOA. a i^ o I— I EH CO y< o o u o w O ft, g o «c •~C^ ~ -t -f -._ • ••••• ■ , , ;; X • iC • '" — o • >• ./^ 3 ■ . :t . 'Ti i'- • Ti X -. 1- 1- :- :■: r — 1 ' -^ :r r c -r Ct 71 ^ •"- -' ^ 1^ r^ r-l T^ y t < 1-1 P o o CO 00 1-H rH 03 CD 00 > ^ ; : • -t r. -r X aD x r- p -r X 1 ~ rt X -f< c" O'l' c- < -t > H r ,- i-: ,^ iT ,'- ic lO I p § u> t^ I— 1 1^ f—t ri' r-1 t— r-^ • 1— u. ^ o ' l-H B a! t; yj xti 6 c v: ^-1 r', o c c o » u/<*f.'-fi>r3'f/^ ; H ; O ^ Hc- H H ./ .. 1 • y u ^ i^ ;ci^ . ::§ • > -/; • •/; '-r 'i ^, ^ c- • x -r H 'v ■y^ "--, ■ "^^ ' ^,'~ 1^ :'* :?5 •^'i- ' ^"^ C n pj »-^ ■* * ~ * 1 -p f— t^ ,- u ej -X CO Ci X i-H o ^ O ■-.^•^-.'i'- Ti y *-'i f A C4 Jj O CI -^ -M -< X - 1- d y. en- - r -r • 1- »^ tJ ^ 1, 1, l» 1- -). ;- - 'T < -p' -r'Tf ,:' tt 1- * 1 - 1 -' H *«^ c'-f'cf c'o'm'': ic" t> ". 1 1- X .— 1 Ct t- t r 1 1' I 'a » -f 1*: c-i 1- lo ~. 1": r. *i »— 1 i.o *" l ". O f^ » 1— ( 1— ( 1—* -f • 00 ^ 1 1—1 to 00 — - «-H CD 00 > • • t.t •-(■ ; f CD 00 CC ^ -^ C^l I-H /. y -^ f-t CO cc^o^c:^ rff*. ^ tiH *»; lo"!-:' r-Ti"-'' a l. : c? S*' > „• t . ;.'_,• C - '^ i^ ; ; f- ^ c^ -^ ^ -^ « ^ ; -< r- . . ,'- O -"^ IT. ,*^ ICi 1' 1^ ^^ 1^ T— t '^^ r- 1 — < ; u \ \ b. o o w u tJ W ■ .7 ^ '■/ w U2 H -f c ^ ; p Cii3 H r 3 o 3 .c ^ M ry'0'f."j//^'J.'l ; c- i o -< E-iHf-iH Y^'/^i^ • • ■ . . • '^ '• '. '. • w ^■^v- : M CO sg : : j J H ^ K U i^ ; "• ?■ ) < < 1-^ <^ H r-* pt. H § Z c^^ : C c eS O i H o •-: C c III § 5^ : = J. £ ■ < o 1 EXPORTS. \L Year ending JrxE • 1 2 i^bb.i>'^ 2 ^ tLS s if-gM- L' ) 3 . ® 2 £ ? "E ■* - ^ ® ? f e • j:; « o > .:: c ti gi, O « es H >^ a ■ "^ b rt tt s rt ? < < SS£ 1-^ IX cf ;^ ;SKfi 3P ^c2 ) 2 i'lIE rONSUMPTION OF IRON IN CANADA. 53 . . . -s • >* — . — ; ". — . " ^ ] — ' . t^ . iC . > • 'A • X ; H <•/> ■ 'T ■ •^ \ Q ; ~i ■ ? \ W C. T-" 1—1 s «: r- • ^M c.t 1? H ^ " f— lOl' CO »-i 17 -c X f— < * ; 0: (7 1 ti 1- *,' [4 (W (rf CO -f '' CO 1 cc •-. 1 *= _r-. -f^ 't-/ '/I tT c^'cTr- r- ! « 1ft 1 l- ^' ' ir 1 -^ tJ 1^ ^H ■^ "* ; c 1 1 S' ~ X **; -T T 1 -r C Tt I ,- M c- r" • ^ i-i' T 1' t fM r- - ._ , -^ ... t— 4 >* t- H f-^ • 00 F-H c to' 5 : £ £ £.2: 6 ^ C C i * * C i. 4- s U c fc. >H ^ f*H .-> ^ : iM ;*.;*< t^ '>^ ■i H :o 15; c- -^^ S; ■*, if M w '•y.i ■ /.' ■•/.> >■/.. m •7 • CO ••/.. c • t^ • .^ . , ~ 1 c i-H . >— • • 1. >■ It ■ r- ! H U" m *.w^ " w 1^ -x> X ■i ~ • "i rH h» -J t c •) :■ * »■■ 1' = o Cd C = 1- X c ■: CO c( '. ■/ 1 - 1— 1 !-• m <^^ ~^'^- X ^ H ^ a 1^ ■: 1^ ^\'\ 0^ ^ -t" - eo' ;" -' ^ ' "■ r^* ~ ■M CO < Ct rl r. -t ■> r- ■^ r- ^ 1 - Tl »■ !-<_ ""^ ' ~ C c T' :^ c J I— < 1— ) P. • o r-t T— 1 • o g rH \ o t-J g c '. o W 1 ass W o pm ;ii r b • c -1 u H r^ f*H o u p^ w. w <■>> m •/.' t /> i ^ f> • -y.* iX' H ^ ^~~^ • '"' '^— » W . • • ; . - o ! ' ■ ~f > 1^ •J ■ : 0) : r A l-H H .' S c 5 —I f i . > • : ir 1 -§ ^ 5 ^ - 5 -^2 g 1 <-* ■ Z o C \ * ^5 ^ 5 ill 5 1 U e i < e A ; < 1 H 3 • u u 1- (0 1 c PC £ c <*■ 3 c c 2 ^ M c; op 1 P "a .S li. •' / = C?.- Z .2^.| " a i ; 3 5;' D ■i CO 1 Ah ^ i' 3 c c £ lis 64 TlIK CONSUMPTIuN OF IRON IN CANADA. IS s o s CO O ! "^ a K 02 H PS ' "pi -r' -r o ^^ — 'Tl Tl 1 - ^i^ ^ z. -r r-H -r 'C> * 1 r— t o '* 15 i I- —■ ~ I'y lO TV • tT C l~ 1 , I-; ^ 1- ,« :i 1 - Cj : * .— — / 1 - ■• : \: 1 - ti f— * '2 5 7 § 5 K: r-1 .^ -Tl -^ ?5 T 1 Tl TIIK CONSUMl'TION OF IRON IN PANADA. 6d M THE CoNSl'MPTInlV oF Il.'OlV IN' TANADA. 's^ y, x w •X! i: u in th 1-1 CI • • ■ '*'.. . "I ! . *. / -H :. c- f Tj ./ i-c 7 I !-•' lO c- -r — / lO / CI ■- f2 00 « •< (^ (/>■/.■ y J H •jj '^ CI ~ tl ~. C r-i -f I- -f I - ;; f/. 1-1 - CI 5 c'l- /.' i-'ir. -y. -r y^ c I c I C* C I f— I I— « rH 1- o ;i? ? o 1 - 'X 55 Tl 1 - 1 -_^ (M 00 cT « M «©■ o ^ i. c o lO CO O PL* • ■ r— 1 1^ ■ N • > • CS . S,o : O K • c 01 . 1-)^ • r; c • S .Tj • <*^ ■• '?.'' : C/J +- . ^w ; Z ^^:3w U-i 5 a. >^ ■^ :,i H i- . o c o ^ • ■■': ^ 5"-3 r C c ;0q 6^ -o: ^ c I fe ^ 6 u III I- ili tn P O (3 '-',c a. , ~ c; so c -■" ti 2' o v> a. 05 <» 5^ P lis O *2 I— ; j;; b/D TUn (■(•NSTTMPTloN oF IRON IN PANADA. 5t THE rONSUMPTION OF IRON IN CANADA. THE CONSUMPTION OF IRON IN CANADA. 59 00 00 u ■ o o CO o -: I r.. CI • i^ M r. -t< lo o lo • a -f Ot y—l 'yj lO 'Jj • ~j lO o r. o I ~ " • r 1 00 T I CO :- 71 -f r. -J o C5 .X CO o -. .•/i ci lo I- -*!-'" -c'loc-r CI CI CO ri C« i-H rt oi CO ci 5i r-H i-H 'Si lO « CO T-H O I - O 0-1 r-l a-., CO I - 1^ rt ryj ,o CO -f< c. o I 0-1 r CO -r 1 - c. i^ lo T-l I - GO 01 '2 01 -r !_;. ^ CO 5 01 01 CO CO o o c-o' lO 1.0 1 - 1- 1 - lO »0 '■ 85,254 85.254 • o ^ 2^. . . . . . r^ irM.^O IT lO.-. IC 'X'^ ^ * -/ rji OH O M H ■< M © CO o s a; : I— I 1^ P4 p •l^isl'' »;o TllK fioNSUMI'TlON OK IRON IN f^ANADA, O P lO rt i"- -t 'M O V. O -f> O CI r-l H -r X lO o >: X i-i » x -r I- ?i :•: -r CI -f CO o o IM lO CO IT . "1 (M »-l C O • ~. CI Tl rt I - • '^ lO ^ rs iT • -^ ix o ~ • O lO -f rH . lO - rt r-l .-I X I - >-i ti I - CI :i -t> r.i <~ en z6 ■£ •£ C I IC I* CO T. lO CO 10 I > 00 I- o CI o m¥>'j) H tyi 'T) (■/> i~ r^,'-' I- 1^ o mmmmma> m o w 00 G" ^ O • c: cr vr • o •t CO 1-1 CI • c w irO »^ »0 »0 iC »0 mv^my^-nf^ eo Si o I (4 u u • • A • • -in • ■ IM • -fjH • • — ' ! ; Ci • • •/) • • 0/ • • ^ • CS : .« • : * • s • ' f- ' : :ffi '• ? '. • • a. rK.S . :.7-5 i-^ : r^ O^r- :H?i ••»»> f» -h . y.. 0) u CS '■ £.■? !/) - C P-i'cj'^H •> ^ H^ ■/. sr - .- u " X 'i- .T" bi. -J! •' XJ es ."*< C ►-H ^ ::, . oj -r-S c -J-r ^ c« ;i c -& tn »* t. c^ 7. v: r' ^, T '.I. o a — tL' ■JJ ■JJr-' - M § ,t; 5 5 C rt. w ^ P - c ^ <. r°r,/«b5fifi» .^^'SOm'5 P T3 '^ MOCJH^Zi 'Auj; TO '••' f^ THE ChlNSUMPTION OF IRON IN CANADA. 01 'M ct . O 1 - -J on . 1- cyj . Ol' lO CO • ,,^ ' ^* .« ^ .^ C^ r . r. X r-( 1 - 1^ ^,^ ■ T 1 ct y; -fi 1 - 1 > . "I :■: 51 5 '*'* " "c 'T 1- O *^ ^- i-^ ^ (C CO a t— t c/ i-H f» -I" ;:■ r CO CO 0" 1 -t -y — I^ -T Ot ct o 1 CO c ■M « — . -t< p_ •~ ■ * ■^ 1 - 1 - :■: y-j CI CO 1- 1 * r-l r-l 1- l-H -^ •T c ~ '— CO CO l« JS ^5 CI '.7 of '.5 : "; .• ;, . ^ -• ' r.. %.^ " U5 -^ r. Iff O ."^ lO "^ 'O '***'— I pH r^ I— I •— < r— 1 (t> u u u .:// x; OJ .■/../>^~ •', c •'-• • .3 • a? M. /. C > ' • == ^i a — r- *. ■# '. — ^ ^1 ' ~ S -L I r-*^ i-.S s rt s aj r^ S o a? CO ' [• -£ i CO ^ . r^ CO It r-t i(j 1- 1- ctc-l* X •■*i v. .-1 -f X < -f \J a > H HI U* O w ttl H — -• V. ^ < C' ' " ■* *> H ,~^ ^■U(fiA O K £ c g c rt y H-l W_g id sa? c2 .,1<^ :sr i 62 TIIK CONSI'Ml'TION OF IKON IN CANADA. *L y. o o zn 00 N-1 '. l~ IC r- ri CI vr iT — < -r * >— ♦ IT 1 - ~ -f ~. -.r: T 1 - r. -f • cr. IT cTiT c r vf ci 1--; : r' IT -r IT -.r 1 - -J r. 71 M :7 /: A -r c -r it 7 1 c 7 i ; t i 1 - r' '.i -T i6 r. c / r.' • /■.' IT 1-1 71 ■/.■ 'Jl 1-' 1 « ■j: C rs ■/ :7 -r 7T r IT c; -^ .-1 r. c .-1 1 - 7 1 IT ■-: :7 ■.: - — 1 7 1 -< 7 1 iT ct /: IT ,r -. 1 - 1 - 1 -■ c■.'^-^■ r:' « iT o 7 i -' -f iT -. w c/: c c:, 7 1 x lo X :c T-Hr— 171 1— ».— ilT'— < 1— I^H r-1 H 71 CT d" I— t ■.r r. 1- iT :' -t -.~. / ■ it it ■^ T -Z -Z ^^ J -. • - 1 r-. r-i r. 1^ 7 1 71 — .; 1 - • 1- IT CT -■ r 7 i ^5 r? 7.1 A : -f' 1^ -" I— 1 'C I— 1 1—1 1 > --■ 'T IT IT to IT »T iT IT IT "^ 1^ »T •r. ^ 3 « 'i :: :; J j; ;.■ CO c ^- y. CO < cr C tT ^ I - C I- 71 I— I CO r- 71 77 7 1 7 1 lO ' iT -. IT ^ c '-c vr c -c 7 1 -p n- 1-^ 71 CI-iT CI -Z \- 71 .1-1 I - I - I - .— n z. 1 - I - f. Z Z f: ~. r 7 1^ —_ c 07 r-, r. O ^' r-1 71 -1 1:7 1-: »T IT IT I . IT i-"! • 'T Ml O 5 (X ^r^M- 50- :« — : :7 71 r. : : I - f I - : 1 ~.' -" / : -re* Z (71 Z. :.r C5 O^ 1 - r-i r i.o i' vr' CO U u K ■>: „ ^ r E-f-r-r S'-'-^^.: 0) CO •= « » o c c i ■•-' Si (-1 r .-^ cci-Hi-Hpmwi TIIK ("()N8T^:\IPT10N OF IRON LN CANADA. 63 ■r. lo o o's coo ao CI rl O CO o 0:7 T^ ;■■ 1-^ ri ;* iT .r CI X ifs CI iC ~. C" -fi c I -.CI .-I CI y. r. CI :■: -f o; I - - i.c cc -1- V? :c 10 tc ;■: ic g^ ,5 cT :c7J,c i~ o i-r CI I- 1^ r. I - c — ' ce^CI -^ IT, -z -ric 1- ci •-^ cc o - I - C I civ; ic (0 I- o o CI eo Ci CO o u5 I - •C X 10 CO I- CI 10 f CI -r '-' o o' -" i-i cc c i -i c 1 1>. 10 r — . I - ic T- o C-PCI_ CC,^ iC~_— iC-t "t" I'T ir^ o'ct' ■.t »-h o (T. TC -C CC I - -^ -r y- .-1 CI -X -TCI 1 - f/> f/.- f/> ■/. .X. C/> eo" — o y: c-i 1^ -1- 1- CI CI CI I- I - CI ^ ^ ■/.' .X. ; 7. -5 13 ■f ii.;r "k^ '5 ,-? ■^ 5 ;i ;£ — (0 CI) •••^ 5 : =i:':;-c ■ JS : u. < ►::; .x! •-,' in «_2 ii ■ c'l o O^ a i; T ■'■ -^ 3 o c c - c s - s s « 2 10 I— I o X 10, cf ioc>i O CI &,£::< c/).o CI a: CO o CI I- "C r 73 .-7D I- c. - f^ >x>c/> U u y^ »3 aj ~ y; _ Ice PhPh ^r; =5.0 c liii'Q 'OPhcc^ CI 1'- CO O O 10- o C. T >— ( C5 03 — o 1^ (73 :o' -r ^ lO c/: — ■ 10 to • -, '^, -v — ^ x' c i r.' ~. r. CO — I - C X i~ 1 - lO X CO -r o 1-; x'-c co'':c':c OS I- lO CI CI (/> I- I- CI l~ H O - 3 tr.' "^^ 3^ <^ ■ ^ ~ -ji aj _i t) 2 <;ww'Oi 'i*f 64 THE CONSUMPTION OF II!ON IN CANADA. a o O H •if c:; ■n H Ph e» f/> o ci CO CI cp ^H (M '^ . .CI if. '-/y O • • -J . I— I 1— I Cf •M CI .H cT I - ~. I - >:■ o . vr CO I- ;t I- CO • CI x c.^c: :■: • *^c^ tC 'H --^ 'CI f _ --^ • CI 1- - _H -f t^ -f" 01 CO l-H _ '— ' *c -r lO .•-N 'r> '■/■ o ^ r 1* ,-* ■y^ -r CO cc 1- / 1- lO ^•' .~ CI ^ '"T CO re 1~ CI o r^ - .. -V - :o ^» -t* 1^ • -~ r/) / ■^ I'"' 7 -r CI 1^ 1 - -r r f '~ C 1 ■~ / c ^H CI .1 -t< ^.* tC 1^ 1—1 1—1 00 CO I— ( l~ :S2 O CI «> c/> u if> CI ">■ r- 1 - 1 - ' C 1- iT 1- T-' 1 - T-' 1- T~ ,^ 1 - r— » — ( a : > _• r-l ^— ( c f^ ¥>ff.' .7. "■^ '• '*' , »^^ CO ^ y^tnm . 1^ i~ ■ - 1 ^ lO •r •^. y~ x • y: ^— ' '\S c. •r Xl V. 1- 1- lO -f< 1- Cl I lO it •^ ,_, CI -' CI ■^ 1 — -^ p_, -f ^.. -V r— ( ;^ Cl t>* /; 1 ~ >-H lO -t< ■^ ; =» CI / -r _ r,^ 1^ ■^ • --Tj _. X CI Cl •^ Cl ■~ r. ■ ^ CI CO •• .— < Cl T lO • o - CI ■- ir.. - .-^ - -- • --- ,-- Cl -^ lO — .- 1" ■ ~ .1 r-.< i\' -r -f -f -f 1 - o * -/ ,_4 I • ;^ i^ .1 -r '.-1 • x / Tl IC CO C 1 -1" C'^ -f T— 1 1 - "^ l(C t-H oc r Cl C 1 * * ^ .1 T—i 1- \ CO r-t ci CI ''v co" Cl «-■ ^ I, I, 1, 1- I-CI- '^A y^'-fiefj Hi III u u ^ '■ :K :o- u ^ • Pm» ■-„- ,^ : :r:U ^5 y^ !>'< h;;< ■/.' es _ C« fcj-H - .3ii /^ C3 ;;^-' S OO rt^ s^ tr,= c ±Z rr' rf L- L* -^ >1 «-4 cd,±i •=' »; fc, ?:C -- ■ ■ — — C C-.«^c^3 w THK CONSUMPTION OK IRON IN CANADA. 65 T-' :^ -^ X cc 1 . CI T l-H CI ~ cr> f-H (— -'r^ / ,_, /• c T r 11 .— ( /. 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Si:ilis ;iimII.iiii|i~ " |ii |i. i- li.i. :iii(ll;uil, I.'mIIciI Ml lliiniiiicrnl i;..Si|. iV: i'liil'Cul,--. 17' \> i: \;iil unci S|iilsc l.'iMJ^ •• 17', 1,'iillcil r.iillli-, Aliulis. ( li;illinl> 'I'rcy, 1 li ill, or, lllli I Sl.TJ " r_". " |;..||rr I'hilr, " |'_", " I ;ili;ii|:i " ( U |s. rj', |i. r. Tllilinl •■ I " I' ICC. I |i" II I mill r>:iiiil. Nil. I 7 'j;iii'jr III I liiiiiiiT ( '\vt>. I :.'.', p. c. |in. ()\ii Nil. 17 -airjiv . •• 17] " I Im(i|i I I'll! I. Nil. 'J.'i ' i. I ir III inner, iml 1 , .t : w iilr. I'ui I lif I mill 11 1:1 rill IT 111' I III III III I' rivi'l'-. ( 'u l.s. I''rcc. .■^Iirrt. Nil. I 7 'J.ill'JC' 111' I llinili'l' ( MlliKilli nl |iiili-licc| j " |'J.'. p. c, rii.-llril III' ■^■a\\ 'lli/.M ,• I'll. ••\ii .Nil. 1 7 jjiii;^!'- ■ ■ . Iriiiiiimin iii' lil.ick I" 17'. Tiiliiii;.', ri.'iiii, mil IIiithiIimI, VI,. ;)Ic.i| 111- iiljicrw i.sc iminiiliirliiicil, ii\ci- ■. '" i Vi\-\. |."i Tillilir^. I lil'c;ii|ri|, ri ill|iici ., ■ ' • lii;iniiriir- liiicil.iiMT -y ilhi ; " -jd Tilliill;:. |illlill. llil'i'Milcil, rolljili'il III' iillii'l'W i~r Imillll- riii'liiri'il, 'J" ilia III iiiiilci- '■ •_'.") " Til Ill's, I .;i 1 1- well It'll I'milii , III il I iiri'jili'il, I ', ' dia. iiml iivri- I'Vrt. I.*. \\iM', < i:ll\ aiii/ril III 'rinilnl. 111' nut, l."> W. ( i., Ill- ■-lliallrl ( 'w t,-.. I' ICC, \\ ire, 1 mn 111' .'--Iccl. ii\ci j.i 1 1 , ( w l>. !,"> ji. c. W ire, Spnirj Sleel, rii|i|ielei|, li i| Ilia 1 1 le.^,->c,^. Nii. '.M J ami sniiiller ( wis. I ler. Wile li'iiii.s in ( 'nils, miller '.' ilia., I'lillcil '' In p. e. liiiii, all iillici, nut iillici w ise |ir(ivi(lci| I'nr (Avis. 17' |i. c. ( iiiii|iirvitc. Ships' Materials I'lCiinis, Slieels, i'lalc^, A irjies anil 'lees I rmi m ,'^lcel ( A\ Is. l-'roc. • I** •_',Mi:'i dli.HOL' .■i,7.ss l'.i,L'!i| (;.-,:;,7(is !i.s,,-,,s(i ()•-•, 7i'(; ii,L-_':; L'.".L',:'il(i J(il,()l."> '_'(;, 1(1 !..")(» 707,(171 l,(i(is,(i-|s is7,(i'.i:i.(i.") I I,7.'i7 i'I,(m7 :;,7ss.!I',) s:!,."il.'i ".i|.'.is7 7'.i,(i"i.') |.M,(i|| •J I, Kit 52,(i7l .Sil.M'l I77,-'SL' 1 1 :;,;...•. ;,IL'--','S71 (iss,'j:;i li,i:.7 •»L',:.(ir) :.,(i.s7| 4,(iS(li 4S7j 7(17; iii;,(ii.'i l^,:;7(.7J L"JI,|(i:; •_'7,(;s(i. 17 I7:.,r_'7 -JI,'.!!;! (Id (il.i.MS 1:1,11:; (;,l!i|,,s(i M,:;i(i li,i.')7.()i 7.S.S L".('. (,!•!.-, :;7,i'.il lis.dj.s I 7, 1. '17 (;i,.'i(i('i '.i,(;.si \\!,\l:::l s,i:)!i I7!",'.i7(i ll.'.i'.Ci 7.".,i:;i ii:;i:. IS 11) 7» 7.") (i7,S!l(l •_".!'. I, hi:; 'Ii,'.is7. \l\jt\\s\ 11.(1(17' 1,1(1(1. i,:;:;i s.v:,. 7(1 (1.) i:,:;ij(i iiii.\i STEEL. lii'jiits, r.ar.s, Slieels aiiil( 'nils, III iL'lli Manli ('\\t. I'rcc. Iii'jnls ami r.,'iis. I'lniii iL'lli .Maivli 1,011 ; " , ;;;l''""- • |,,|,,;|-| I aii'l 1(1 p. c. ) Sheets iiiiiler , ', wh .le, nr iiit In shape, rrniii TJlh »,, , ,.,., .Manh.,; :.. huts. *:{p.tnii. ( nils, nil le. I mil 11. 1 wire nil l.s, N KS ) '""' '"''•''• Meet sheets Ihirker ihail , ',. ailil N Is S (\\\. TJ', p, e. Meel I'nr Ilia nil I'aet III e nf sUates " I' Ice. I 'n. \\ ire. Ijnils, llllleil I'l III ml, II III ler .1 imh, illlpnlleil l)\ wire in.iniiraitiirc.rs till' use 111 iheir I'ai lories,' " ,') p. c. I'll, lor saws ami straw I'liltcrs ('wis. i'lce. 1,(10."), 70:; .".S.-),|.")| ..Sll i;,.V.'.i ;;'.)::,s.".7i :;--',(i!ts.(ii l7,!Mio! so,'.).")7 r),:;7'S.ii (177 L','ir.5 :{,K4--' l,HL' 'I'ni.M. l:!''010 1. ('>;■)( ; L'07.l(l i:i,('7'-' .'(,!M»li L'OH.SO l."),l.Sli .•)17,L'7:'. :!s,.',,s.|.oi 8(1 TlIK CONSU.MlTloN OV IKuN IN CANADA. I.MI'OIJTS R)l.' IIOMK CONSI'MPTION, K/iv.- Cmfimuui. IMPORTS. l''i.-(\r \\ .\i: i;m>isk ,Ii m: :;(ii 1884. l>ATi; DK Driv. (^)^\^^IT^. Vai i i:. Ditv. RAILS, FISHPLATES, CAR WHEELS AND FROGS. Sled Hails fur iui'iiii;il r( ii ,\(i. '.'>'} " M,.sii5 Nd. !i."> " ' ;!."),() 7! 1 S,"),L'().Sj lS,4aU| :i:i,7ii:; 77, i:;.""! :;,.s7i.7."i ii;;,'.M.". i-_',Miii.L'.'i 11,1711 :i'.i,.M)ii :;.!i.v.i.iin .■!ii,77.S (;,|."i."i.'.i."i :'iS,:;ti,"i '.i,.")'.i:;.(i.') lii.'i.Msr, 11,11111.111 :i."i'.',.')iiii s.s,r.iii.iiL.' .sii(i,s(i(i 1(1(1,07::. 41' !i,u:;ii j,7i(i.'jii 7,.") 7-1 •_','_'7;!.(iii 1'! 1,711(1 J 0,1 ; III. I:; l.iisi 1,7-11. Ill 11,1 IS L',14;'i.L'li 14,111111 5,l;!il.liii 4.S,,s.-,L' l.-,,(lliL'..S7 lL'."),4i»(li l';"),(lli!l.7.'i !I0,7(IL' ."ill.llL'.s .il'.i.iin :i7,ln7 7^44 l.L'.") l."i,:;iL' L',ii(is :i."i 711.741 L'l,l.'2;;.77 ;i,.Ml(l (111,4117. .'lO ii: i);!.i"» ;o7,.")iii di,.")!!;;.!!! J."),--'lM 1,(I.S4 ;,( I.");; . un I'll'"). I'll l,0.-)0,!)85! 270,075. ■,.)■) THK CoNSTrMI'TIOX uF II.'ON IN C.WADA. 81 IMPORTS I'Y)|{ IIOMK CONSIT.MITION, Ktc— Continued. IMPORTS. 1884. I'lMAi. Vk\i; KMirsc Jim; iKiiii. HARDWARE Sl MANUFACTURES.! ItAiivdi' lMl^. (^1 wiii^. Vamk. Kriv. Anvils (wis. Axles, of III 111 illlil Si eel ,< I'ldlls [iml Nuts, ciriiiiiiiil ciiiislnictiiiii ('.I'l; ('wis. I'.i'ilstcails and (illicr Irmi Kiiniitiin' S r.ults, Washers and Kivels S I'liiililers', ( 'iiliine.t-iiiaUers' and ullier Hardwares 1 lci|l(i\\-\\'are. linncd, enamelled nr i.da/ed S I Idise Slides and I Inrse-slidc .Nails S lidn I'liidiics and Stiuctnial linnwnik (wis. I >(i. in nri'^inal euMstiiietion < .1'. It ( w Is. l,diks dt' all Uimls .•< 'I'aeks, r.iads and S|iriiis.. S Nails, I Inn-aiian and ( Idnl I,l»,s. I "d. ! Pdn Wire. " I'ninles dtr Paris" '* I'd. Spikes aneil, inelndini;' km;. Spikes Mis. (c. I per hd. and S|iikes, ciil \r. S[iik(^s, (iriti'inal eonslruetidii ( '.IMI ( 'w ts. Nnls .... l.lis. Sates and Pdors Inr Sales and \'anlts Si'ales, Ualanees and Wei'.di lieanis.. Sei-(nvs, Ji'dn and Steel (Wdud Serews) Skales Stoves Llis. le. per ( irdss. i'airs. Win* lld|ie dr Strand S I 'd. lii^tiiiiL'' I'dr ships ( 'wts. lid. Work, all dther .S Hardware ■' " .N.K.S |S .Manuractiiics ol' lrdn,all other .N.M. I'.l'" 1$ \h). I)d. and Sleol, all othei .N.K.S \$ I'll nips and I'nnipinir (iear .S Spring's, ( 'dil and all oilier S ( >riiainental 1 n in->M ak ,S :'.n p. e. I'rei-. I'l.) p. I'. :iii :;(! •' '_'■"> " :;ii ■S> I'-ree. :iu ji. c. :;n :;ii :',{) I'll \\>.\ Ktp.c. 10 " Free. \\<.\ inp.c. ■J'l p. r. :iii I'l.") " 111 I " •_'.■) Free. I'.") p. c. 2(t 20 " I'd " r..-) 30 .s!i;; 11,1 ',(10 l(iii.i.'7ll r,."i,( 1(1(1 7."), 1(1(1 lil(i,7.Ml ■")L'.|(I7 (lll,7iHI L'0.s,-,,S4 S,71 1 l.".o,L's:i L'74,.s-47 ,-),()|!ll i;,SL'!. !l,L'4.S * li;,0S7 l!,!»L'(l 1(1 111' L'S.OO ,s,i.si; ll.L'L'S :!,i»30.L50 .'■)1,!»47 l.'),")8;5.4.") .")0; ;,:;.'>!» i.'ji.odo.oo lOL',(i7.s •_'.") ,07."). ,'5! » d.d.s.") •_',oor)..")0 i:;i,L',s4 io,s,4!)4.(io :!i'LV)7!»' SI. 77:; •24,ry:]r,.77 4,711 i,4i:{.i;o 4.7l.'.s 1, 4 is. 4(1 (l.lllM l.Kls.L'o 7,li;4 1.4'_'S.!»0 •_'l,ilL'il lu,(i47 L'4.S(1(1 s,7;!4 l.'),7:!:'. 4.'),i:oL' :i."),i(i2 (1,1104 47,4L',S 17,1'lL' :!!MI7() 7;;,o:i3' -'7,018 41,7(10 ii;l',(ii.') L'8,lL'S, l."),484- •.',8.-,lj 7,007..").") L',oo:!.4() lV?7s.i'('i ;5,!t;!8.i'.") i:!,.")Oi.:!o iL',;?05.7:'. 1,SS!I.8.") 11,8.")7..'57 4, 301 '..00 18,41 0.liO ."),r):50.7.") 8,;!,-j3.;{0 L'(l,.-)47.-)7 11,700. L'4 4.(14."). 20 712.7.") TorAi 2,1. ")0,67O; 474,738.00 MACHINERY AND ENGINES, &c. .\i:rieiiltnral Inipleinents. and parts of N.F..'<. llindintx .Vttaehinents < irain .S'cd hrills Harrows I'ldiiuhs and parts df IJeaners 1 Iar\(',sters Mdwiii^- .Marhines ^e\\ in^' .Machine'' Maehineiy fdr const rin lion of llali Tax Sn^rar Ivoliiu'.ry MachiiKM'v whollyor in part Iron, N.lvS I'ire Fxlinu'iiisliers. ( hen deal • 1 Id. I'inuines (Mlie.r Firiiines and lioik-rs, N.lvS I.ocoinotive. JMijrines Macliincrx , I'ortahle., and parts of Sliips Boiicrs, Steam Faiijrine.s and other .Machinery. tj Total. No. No. No. No. No. No. .Vo. •S2 eai' \<. e .1.) I).") xr) I ^ 211 p.e l'"ree. 13, 1701 1.-1(1 1 ,485 () 40 148 12,2.-)9 No. No. .S No. S S _.) 2.") 2.") 2.") 2") 35 2.") 54i p. c. 40,42G 982 1,334 3,089 .".4,(129 030 l,82;i (1,307 220,232 ISO. 170 l,352,:;ii; .52.") fMOl 102,9.-)3 414,220 7.-),0(i4 14,842 14,203. 4' t 343.70 400.90 1,081.1.") 12,118.3:) 32.')..")0 038.0.") 2,242.4.-) (l!l,7.'}0.7.j 338,170.87 131.2.-) l..")2.-).2.". 2."),74.").7.") 103,.").")."). 00 20,271.87 3,7 10.. 50 2,462,034 600,292.83 82 THE fOXSIMI'TloX or II{(tN IN CANADA. IMl'OliTS I'Oi; JIO.MK CONSUMI'TION, \'.\r.-^ Continue,/. IMPORTS. I'lM \i. ^' I \i; KSDIM. .1 1 Ni; ;'.(iTii. 1884. Hati: ni \){\\. ()^\MIT^. \'Ar.i COAL. Anthracite Hitiiiniiidus '■ tidi'. All the l'orc^;niiiji liii|>orts tlirn'. .still n'maiiuHl in warciiniisc in\ .liiiic oOtli, Iss-t :— F]nj;ino.s, Ldconidtivc No. Do. Fin' No. Macliinorv S 'I'oT.M, ')' 'j:i,14S' .■.,7H7.iiii 1(1 :!3,77l' s,44;!.iio •J1(),.m4 .')L',)i;!S.,-,(i L'(;7,471 (;(!,st;,s.,-,(i EXPORTS. Fisc.M. Yi;.\ii i:niiim: .Iini: od'iir. Tons Coal ] n .11 * >r('. Maiiirancsi' Ore " Pi^' lion _ " Scraj) Iron . ■ $ StovoH .No- (Hlicr Castiii-r..^ * Do. 11 aril ware- and Iron S j\lachinciy I? Sew ill'.' Machines ]*if), Aitiiciiltiiial Impli'iiu'iits $ StocO, and Muniifaclnrt's of !? s.d'.i:; ,-_>dl,172 ti(),.">4!t l.-),S.-)] (JtJ i.'()..")7(; l/v)4 n,7."c' •_'i7.:!s< I 1'71 442 T)| TV * I'. LMIKI.H-") .•riii,iV)i,Hii .•;'i,ii|i(,.'ir. ((.HK5.:t».'> :t,.yii>.0i(7 :i.:i:t«(.'J)tM i>j)(.o'ii. l,:i77,oH5 : I H.-jn :t.5i<>.o«>- ::.:t:i«(.'j»H i-ju.o-Jl.nu 1.1^5.701 ! I ! I I I 18 69. 'I'll! \ I. \'.\l,l K. IiK'linliiitc |iiil.\ . i!,T>i;;,.'!,'«i..")'.' .'!41,(I^i.64H.(l(l iiM;,4iai.fMi lil.l.M,'*.'. L'.Hl l.lltiJ.S!! .■iiiri,H,i;,'i„'(t'i 7,:tll.3M».Hti i,:r77,.'')ss.(Ni H.UMH.U7I.M3 P ImI'IIKI'S. Iriiii. Scf .*ortM . , \ciiri: \' M.I i:. I''i!m:. «li!l,3(l.'i .'!s4.,"i:ki !•! 11 MILi:. 1, SI 7,811(1 Ml TY. ,•5! c. !lll,Hil(i„')ll TiilM. y M.l K. Iiiclii(liii>,' iMity. 'J,(W7.1().5 .•«4.5;i!l 2.777,!I!15..') ."i6l','.ii;7 74:i.."iir. .".."..'.',127 74.'<..MIi..'H) •■m1.',.()(i!i 2.(il',',nil 4S(i.-.'7,"i .•;l.iKl2.!"'. .■!li'.'.7!iS.4'_' 7-.MM2.li:! 4»u,7:(:t.9i 2;!7,f.71,i«i •'..'i2l,>Hl*< 4'' 7!il.'.ill Sll.Ciil •i.Httl, ifiH Hr,.'i.ii,-k;,ii:; 7.:»H5,7>«0 l,.'fltH,.->3 4n6.7:t».wi 0.-JMi,43l.»l ""i 18 70. Imi'ohts. iNVdicK VaU'r. Fkkk. lllTIAHI.K. DiTY. ' ToiAi, Vai.i-k. riicliiiliiic l>iity. Ii-(.ii. \.- Sl.M-l Kiiil.<. .Vc <'ii>tiiiu'i< iiiiil Kdririiif'^' I 'ill levy mill Kiltri' 'I'duls Iliirdwiirc ami Aliiir.itactiircs. .Miichiiii'iy mill Kiitriiic.'' .■i.ii4.'i.884 :!HI.13!i !il7.2«.'i :«l,ll,'!li 2ll7,(t-H i 2.1!i;;,:i42 1 .y.7,0!l,"i .•< .•«! .S C. ' S (!. l.2;">il.iios l,7(n,S76 siMi> .'li!l,i:i!i I .'liiM;-.!*,!!!! !il7,:,s.'j itl7,2.'<,'i.I7,0,SS 44 .."..v.. I'm .'Ul.lil.'i.d'l 2,l!t:!..'!42 ;i'.';i.iKW,:i7 2..".22,.'i4i).; li«.24r) 3fl3,«ol) I ".4..'.77.77 ', Ijil,ii72.7 .1 'i'l.tiil C.ial ~,7.50,>*«7 I .•«,l«a.71l 4,«IH,I5« 517,H:i:t.».5 H,a«8.700.95 1,?S5,24.") I , i .')7.1:>1..> :t.lO->.7ll I.U2;t,7»4 4,n4H,l.l(S if'i ^> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) y A /. U.s ill 1.0 I.I ^ 1^ 12.2 ^^l lii IIIIIM 1.8 IL25 III u i 1.6 Va Jem ^ > 7 "^ >> /^ /A '/ 7 SI Illi; «'((\si\i|«i'i(,\ ..| ||;n\ IN CVWDA. TOTALS OK IMPOin'S.- r„),/n /. 18 7 1 1 Wcilc I V M I I KlJ t III It \ III. I'! I»ITV 'I'm M \'\i.i K. liK'liKliiii.' hilly. I1..N, A.' 4/JI1.M.; >I(t|.... ... .Miti.v.i,-, HiiiN. At. . _ l.:.iiJ! ( 'i-iiin:- mill riiiiriiii.'> ..••.■ InT.'.i.ii riiilrr\ ;iii'l i:.li(r Ti".|^ :;«".:'.ii-.' Ihiiilrt.iir mill .Maiiiilin'liiri'S.. ■_'.'.i.!l.lii>> .M;irllllnT,\ mill KlKfllU'." I.'i7.>,7'.i| l.TilJ.ltl .i(lti.si.l,i l..'fji.llt;i liiT.'.iVi IT.IKiT .- .«; r. .Ti c. :.'.U'.i,ri!i r.-J,4iiH.."iii 4,:t'a,;isl .11 .")(IH,H'I.">,(N» I,.t:'."i.if_'l INI |II7.!I.V, III) .■!iii,:;ii': vj.iulmi ■iiii.7i;i 11 ■j.>M|,iiK iiii,iiH.7ii .;,.'tTi,r.ii 711 l,ll"'o'^»:t 77:t.i»i.irj ii..-iN-j.i:t».»*j 12.M:;j.vJ l.l74.2;tJ s-.; .;I70 %i»r>.«t'.>7.7 i i:{.o.')H,:t7-J.7 1 Ii-dii, Ac .Sl.M.1 |{:iiN. Ac ..... .., I :i>llli|I« iiliil l''i(i(fini.'» Cilllri.N :ilii| ILI'-T 'I'lMil- ll,'ir (.".li.s:.-, i.i>ii|..'i77 l..;'.'ii,ii'.it 'I'l.lal C.ial .»i:t.l7'jM.i-iH I.7I7.».1I in II M'.I.K. |)| IV 'I'lilM. \' M.I I . Illrlllilillk' llllly. .;.'j|.i.s7l ;^.-JJ7.17:! ni;!,;u«< •> ll.l'i."lti,|lll •> li'l tt"ii im :i,iKi,S,.')2'.i Mi'.i,^.;.i ,'i.Oll.'.,.V_H) INI |||'.|.."l.■'l.^ 0(1 7..-t4N.:iii j.-iti.sr, ;{.i'iii.."i77 l.i.".',i,JU h.:mii,s(1)< ,">lll.-lli w Ifls.sss.i.; ICIO.O'JO.Kt .VJ'1.1117 Hi l.lll,»17 11,' l,i7ii,M': 1:; l.lft l".0-'>."47 1)11 7..->|N.:iii • . • • >.,;»«l,>>«s «>:io,o-io.i(t |h>,-th.44«.lU 18 73. ISMili I V M I K. KitKi:- •1.21 1. IHJ 7.'>l.:!l!i ii,HSil.Htil 7'J.V>12 47ii,:tii:i llanhvarr ami .Sliiiiiiliictiiri'!!.. 4.'liiH l_l51 .Marliliirr.v .iml Kiiiriiii's L'.'.i7l.7li'J Ii-iiii..Ac .-ilici llailM, Ac. ('a>tiin;.-' ami l-'urifiiiir''. t'lillcr.v ami Kilttc 'luiil* l.:l7J.ii.'!l 7.".l.:!l'.i .... ll.S'.ll.Hlil 7'J.-...-)12 . . . IM n \iti.K. 4M2,I48 1)1 TV * <: 1:42,1117.47 422,:illi 47ri,:liW 4..'<'JS,ll.M •J..")i2,;!',t' 71,liil.(i2 I'Mii.'Oti 22 .'W2,H.-i7.7il 'I'lir M. \ M.I K. IncliKliiiK Itiity. It.l.'iti.LMl. 17 7."il.:{l'.i INI li.V.ll.SOl INI 7li'),."ilLMNI .'>47,s.Vt (12 .■"..Ii57,7."i7.22 ;l.;i57,."i.V.I 70 Tiiial ■J.'i.i:ta..u:i« i2,-J«M,it^>4 i,:M«,i:i'J.ll ■jH.7»ia>vj.ii 1 I Coal 2,.V)«.72;i ' ' I 2,.'>o«,72;i.OO Urniid TutHl 'J7,»tM,74» l3«lUU)03n Totiil i:x|M>riii 3.57:1.73ft 1 -4 »4 •>»>,<)»< 4 l,»a«,i:t'-J.ll ■4t),34»,875.41 rill', Co.N^r MI'I'luN (i|- IKON IN »V\A1>A 85 TOTALS or JMI'OUTS.— r„„/n-(/,./. Imi'ciiiih. Imn, Ar Sti'i'j KiiiN. At l"ll.«lillK!< lUlil l-'ii|({ill».'>., I'lilloiw 1111(1 Ivltji- T'liil^ Iliiiilwiiii' ;iiil'J 4H,i;7:i v..i,41J L'.7.".:i,:!l;i .■i,iW« TM i;ii /.•;■.' Ml 741.1.-.7 -J:! Ii:;.17i 17 1 ASH.xiU 7!l iiS4,7.-jo 'i'i.ir>i,H44 -jo .■;.sii,"(,:Ki 3.Hiii),;«3.oo 21,505.7 10 :i,N0N,3H«> M,Ktlj,U'JI I.IUI. i57.-J0 '45.1)70. 1»7.-J0 ToUil KxiMirtN *J.:tU7.M>0 i [MI'OUTS. Irmi. iVi" .^tlTl Riiil". Ar CiisliiiKs mill Kiiruitn.'s Ciiilciy ,111(1 Ivlirc 'I'lMils Iliinlu.ii'c and .NltiiiiiriK^lincii .Ma('liiii('r> and Kn^'ill(•^' 18 7 5 h:\'\T.iK. FltKK. 1)1 lUlll.K. III TV. TdTAI. V'aI.LK. liicliidiiiK hilly. ."i,i7:!.si);! •,7.').ii.{-J I.SlM,:!:.2 ."i7;i,ii:!2 "■.■JH7.Sii| 4"i7,.;!is in'riiV 3.!t4!>,4."il .■< c. i'.it.lTj.s,^) .■< c. .■|,i'i71.-.7."i S.T ,"i7'i,(i;;'_'.(Mi •■>.'Js7.H(;i .'i,-'s7.''ill 1"' .VJl.s-,-.' iin|,i''i7 ., "l.lMl.'.HU 117,154 lin4.L'i>7 t,!ltn.i;i4 •■|.'J«1 ■ {'■> i0;">.7ls,7i; s(i:;,7'.i!i.7,s .Wll.!,'!.'! 4'.i 7lo.(il.'> 7ii ■"(.'. iim.7!'.;.7h l.i.;i.:Nit 17l.l'.i7 l,L'.">ii.siii; l'()(i,47li !SH ,l.ii.57,Mi.'> HS Total. .. Coal (Jrniitl Todil TolHl t:xp4trlN . iMI'dltIS ■ •«.»»».I»M »<,l SSli.lHIII S07.:i.'8t ,!S4,lii:. ;!, SI 17,770 •JlW,l.'i! l',7l)0,"ilH) hi IV i;i'i,.'i;fft ',Ki UU.iilli l.H5(i .7.i.:i|il 4l.">.7'.ix :i,4;il,'.t:U HH1,1|4 •J,.|S(I 1., 7h.(,2i; ."iii ."i'.iS,;il!!i.H7 i:i4,Hl7.!'.'. '1(11 VI. Xai.ik. Iiicliidini; hiity. * c. .'^('(♦MiN '.III ,''si.in.') iKi .■l,yi7 77'i 1(1 .diMi'.i |."i .V.':!,H-.1l.."ili 4,I.!4,L'7.VS7 I,iiji,sl7 !i.'. Total, 13.t»05.117 »,403,:i05 7,.'>0I,NI>4 017 -400 I :i i:i,0IS,l07 4:i ( 'oa I .■i,;f.it.(KK) .•i.aio.ixvi (10 4ilrnn«l Totnl I 16,2i>i3,177 Totnl Rx|N»rtli 1,070.51» 5,403,305 7,50l,N14 «47,-4UU.43 17,-434,407 4:i # 8(; THE CoNSIMI'TldN <)F 1 IH "N IN CANADA. TOTALS (tl- I Ml'(»ins. — <■..-////"'.'/. 1877 I.M1'1PI!I> Irmi.Ac Steel Riiils.Ac t'ii>tinK^ iiiicl Fiiiniin.'> Cutlery unci IMtre 'I'liiilri Himlwiire ami .Miiiiiiliictiiri's. Miifhiiii'iy Mild l•jlt;iM^■^^ 1. \ai,i !■:. * ■;.:si,sis i.;i,i:t i.'.«'ii>.iiii FliKK. ">li|."i'.l'i ■l.il.lTl ... I.'.ii'ii.llii III n M'.i.i:. j^iMT.Ji;:; 111 \\ I.VJ.'Jdl (Iti 'riiTM, \'aI,I K. hirliidini.' L'ttly. :;,;i:;),liiii iHi r!i,i7i i"i I,'."ili.l|l) l"l ■VJl.ll'.NI .. ", |"S.h:1!i ;>l7,|.-il soVwV tkil '.i:i..'i>iL' ' "iL'l.li'.HI , .■:.ii.>!t.."i(i'.i 1 '.ii'i.hT :i|.7L-J is .">:;( 1,17.". |ii l.">4,:;i« s7 .■iKl.lL'l liii tl|.'..sli! Is .I.li^'.'.lll 1 III l.llH.liiit H7 T..(al (^>lll■ il.OMa.H-Ji 3..->r.i.i.{o 7,.-iio.s'.»i •>:tn.n»«(.i7 iJ.ois.H7i? ;;.r«rii).!ii> .i.iHin 'iis iki OriiiMl Totnl. il,Ti:<.'Ji» :t..5(>i.i:iu 7,.*>-jo><.»i !»:iH.otM>.i7 i.'t.o? •.).:{ 15 I7 Total V.x|M»rlN I.i:t0.«a« ' ' 18 78. Imi'outs. IXVIIIIK V.M.LK. FuKi.:. Diri.Mii.K. J)IIV. 1M,:)17.-:.". TiiT.vi. Vai.1I-:. Iiu'liiiliiiR Duty. Iron, At' Steel R)iil.<.Ae ( '11.11 inti.-i ;inil Fnif-'iii.'s Cutlery ami Ivlne Tools Ilanhvare ami .Maiiiiraetiire.<. MiK-liiiieiy anil Kn^'ilies •. :2.'.i.".7,imI) .:ii.:.ii7."i l.lin.sL'l .Mii..sll •J. 777 .7t IS 77s.ii7l ;!,iH)LM.JO 13.4»0.456 l.S7a,747 isS.SL'l .SW.liT . l.i(i;i.«j| . li;."i.,")Ss 7s,:i'',ri l.'.'Ol 4.r.:ji,.5j;{ j,lls.SL>i; ;;,(isi(.i>i7 'ji ;!'i;; 07:; (M) I,Hi;i,sl!i iHi ;wl.i;'j;! L'.l'«),t.S-i 77ii.77ii *>.»i«it'>,;«>3 it'.-jss :;j ;is.ii!i7..vj •170.JM 111 l-j|.:;.M ii;! t)0<>.i»1.7« iiii".i,ii',l'.i 'A'2 il."iS,ti(ili-."r_' ::. 1^47 ,V'7ii. I'd ;i(i;;,iC"' ii:i 'I'oial IO.;iUI.7U7 70 ('i>.i1 :'. IK5-' irio.iiii 0,sri0.763 »06.491.7« nrHiKl Tolnl ■4,531,543 13,3«B.«l7.7ti Total Kxpurta I.MI'OHT.S, Iron, Ac .Steel Kails, Ac CastiiiKs anil FortfiiiKs Cutlery ami Kiljre Tool.i Harilwarc iiiiil Maniitai'ture.< .Maehiiiery anil Entsiiic." In\ uin: Vai.11:. ^.»7H,ii74 .■i47.!tlt2 i,041i,,S8] 4l,5,l'.!15 .'■|ll,H7.-> i;,aiH),4S(i 9j31,I)»2 1879. Fkkk. i'^l.sil :!47,'.Hi2 1.04!i,ss] 9r>,o;iii "•"ib'.iiU' Lll.ll'JS hi TiAiii.i:. !.24tJ,8lJ3 J)i IV. •■ii e. llHi,8iir).24 :{2n.(i.">!t .ill,87"i •J.l.')ti,:i22 '.•31,(i(U 9H,2(;()..'«) 4n;i,!ir)7.;i2 178,(182. 7;i ! TlllAI. ^ AM K. Iiicli.cliiiK Duty. •■S e. 2,t.24 ;U7,9itL'.(iO l.04!»,88l.(((l 474,2.'")1.S9 mo,i4i.;«t L>,tiiO,44.! .(2 l,i;{0,374.73 Total Coal 7,U((2,39.'S 2,Wo,24l 1.7'.>5,51-4 (■.,Ifi«,7S3 <.)30.35$ 57 8,»*«3,«53.57 10>.i,4lM ()!• 3,(im,645.6i) Grand Total. Tot«l Exports. IU,947,53« 1,705,514 6,106,783 l,o:tt>,7«3.a« 1I,U87,400.40 1,482,999 rilK coNSIMl'lIitN OK Ii;(».v ix CANADA. HY TnTAI.S OK KM I 'olJTS.—f ■,)/,/,„((, r/. Imi'dui- liiiii, Xr. ... .Sicel Itiiils. \,- <'ii>liin!- Mini Kiiix'imrs ''iitli'iy ;iiii| I'Mirc T.iol.s Iliinluuic .'iihI MiiMiiriictiiriN .MaoliiinT.v .'iiiil l!nuinr!«. Inviik K y \i.i i:. !• * I .■i.;iS4 x7ii (•.■■) I. >*74 :!.:;t',Jil 111.117". 7.!l.s.-,:< . l..'«'J.iW7 1.1SK7^'< I 88 O. Ki.i:. { $ tl.')J,s7i i.m;47.!is:i L'7.7itl 1(1 7(k; -'i'...il3 Total, 10.I'J*>*.<(«0 ;i.-40'j.)iB7 I'oiil -,7il'J,s'.ii . 4Jriiiii»l..~>.VJ .t,-^0-J,«Wl7 Total KxiiortN l.H»((.:t»«{ 88 I IMI'ORTS- 'Isvoicf: V.u.uK.l Frek l,ii-.'s,;;4.'! 7!i7,i)x7 .'1.17'.'.s-.".i .".IIH,17S l,iiill.i'iii-< .Vliiiliiiit'iy ami KiiKini'-' Ksrn),:;!! Tnial Iran, \r Sl«el Kails Ac t'a.stiiigs ami I'luriiiK;' t'ullcry ami Kdu'f TnoK . . . . llai'clnarc ainl Maiii'lartnrc' dial «iirnn I>i n. 47r.s:.l kit •-".'.tilHI 4J 7;i."imi 1)7 Isii.'.i-J7 !i| ■UKi.'.i'i'i lili 'rciTAI, V II. IK. Iik-IikIIii).' hilly. •■i.h."ii;,7l'7 .m* iM|.s7t im L'..iii7.!i.M li; .V.'4,ISt 117 '.iii.7Hii m i,74i.iii-j r>ti i"il.7-iii i>;t l,i;r,..'44 ir> H,u4.>,mt:i i,:it->7.r>i)i 7t» i i.iuti.a.'ii 7u .•,(r.,i;|.i II .■f.-.tis.Vii; 41 (i,u-4.5,mt:{ i,>>7:t,:it)j -40 I4,7*'>i,>«5l -io KEK. "'.•7.riS7 . l)i 11 uii.i:. 4,(i28,:{4'{ i,ii;;i.fi(i2 .itli.HW 4'i "•"7 4sKil'lL' ;tl7.ii';;t l.tllll.L'lll i,r)().i.i.« IM rv 5iiL','iS.S.Iii |ii.ss4.jii '.HI.INNI INI .'JI.ML' "l.7."i!i.l7 .!li4.:il7..iS 'I'mi \|, \M,| y„ liii'Imlintr I iiilv . 4..'i!"i.il.il |."i 7II7.IW7 IKi .■J,ls,f,7H L«.t i1ii4,47h i"i KIIJ.-Ml .T0S,4.50 'J,;(.m.-.!«l».:tl I ft,-! 1 1, 140 31 188 2 Imimuits fNytiii i: Vai.i K. Kkki,. Troll, Ac Sti'cl Uail.<, Jitc • 'list inns ami Forttinifs • 'iitlfiy ami Kilixc Toiils llaidwarc ami .Maiiiiliicliires .MacliiiM'iy and Kiiginos .■),:!77,:!(l'-' nim,'.i:ii ;!,7iKi.L'.si ii."iti,liii !,.;i7,7ii;i l,7Lil.l(KI ;i,7:i"),'.ui "ilL',«S7 '."Hl,!l.ll ."..l.'.ll,i">l J7,'.Ki4 til .478 Total. Coal . ... I7.41H»,4MH .■»,ltt7,.'>l4 4,Gi)it,352 Oraiifl Total 3a,l»S»40 5,107,514 Totaa Ex|M»rtii I,tt«a,10« |)l IV. 7n,siiii 41 •jL'.17.'l.li!l iLN.s.it m .lLii..M7,41 IIH,h;iO 77 '.t.iH,7l.'< 111 'I'm \i. \' VI. I v.. liM'liiiliim liiity. H,(K»1,I11 41 :mmi,;i.';| .ini .•;,>Il.M;)4.il'.t 7>>.'s'.i7l.ilii l,H.w.:;|o. II 2,lii;i,'.i'.«i.77 1,11.14. 7(ll> 111 2..1»:i.»»l.04 ^U,(M):t.4N'j.(M 7(i.">.'Jss n:! ."i,404,i)l(i It; :t,a»»,-.i)«a.07 '«5,4UM,144 U7 4 88 IMF. CttNsrMI'riitN ol ll.'oN IN i \NV1»\. In'I'Al.s ((K IMI'OIJTS. -r,i„^„,<,,/. I 883 Imi'ihii |s\n|i I \' Ml I Ir Vi-. Slc'l Ullil!'. \r ..... ('i|«lill»!« IIIkI I'lilL-illl.'* CiilliTv ami IvUf r 'mU Ihll i|\v:ll'i' .'ir\i| M.illlir^irllllr- MiU'liinci v ;iii'l Kiiiriin'^ ."i.Sl'I.C.HI I. J-V ■.,:!' 1 1 I.J|x.(i::; '»>1. Hi.'. l.rjii.iitiii l.sM.:-".H Ki.i I.. s i»,:wi l.::v;.:;''i I.Mii,:.i>| IJ.l-'l ri.4:i:; Pi 1 1 \ I I . I.'.'ii.l.lin; VK'.IT'.' l,C.'i,J,'.tl'i> 4,r)tNi ipii'i |)| IV ■'i.T.:-.' '*> r.-...v.i '.HI : IV. .07". I iiT |ST.S|S III l.|v'.-„' 77 Till u. V vi.i I . illrllKJIIlL' |)lll\ . ii.:i7ii.-j.-.| 17 I.J'l-t.'fl'l I"' I.'-'7l'.'mi'' ''i j .ii.'.i;.s.i7 '111 l.77"..7.'.i iC J.:UM7i'. Ill .■>.7'<:!,';..:t 77 Tilt a I Ciii.l. «JriiiMl Toliil Twlnl KxiMtrlN.- . I Ml'tll!l> ■JO.HHO.-JTI I <'i.:tHr>.IKt» ii,:;i|,.;i>.i ■JK.l7l..~i.r..-|s i>;(:i.m>3 i.{,:i l.ii;»ri ■j.ii*t:t.7o:t.l-j v!:i..i: :(.«ii i.nTo.oii .:o.:t><);.:si:i 0)i Iriin. At Sl,.,.l Knil.'^. Ar • asliiiKs :iiii| KiirdiiKT;'- ... < 'ill ll'l.v mill ll'lv'i' Tunis Ilai'ilwiirt' ami .Maiiiilai'liiir< .Miieliiiii'r.\ ami KiiKiiit'- ISSiill I \' \i.i I . l,ri(i.".,7ii:'. ■.I7.i'7:! ::.I7:;.-Jii-J SIHI.Mill l.ii:,ii.Ms."i L'. I. 'ill. 1 171 1 L'.|l/J,0.1| 188 4 I'llKK. iN;i.7ll li|.^l.' : 1,1 II 111.71 1.1 ■r'.7'.i:! ;iiK..riii| |MI.I7li |)| riAiii.i:. $ :i.MI."i.itiV_' isj.ir.l Iii:'..4!i7 77-." ii7 l.ll."i().'.is:, l.";"i.",,(Kiil -,>l.> l»l TV. .'iS.'i.i.M Ml .>.^>l.ii| .■•.■i.7lii 17 |iiii.(i7J 4l' L'7ii.ii7."i..Vi I7(.7.W mi iKm •lii; s:; TnlM. \' \l.ri:. liK'luiliiiu l>iit\. "..I'.U.l.il Ml '.>.'i.s,".7 iij .;.»i>.'.ij_' 17 >.iiiii,!i:'.'j !■_' I..:-Jl.i»ii "i". -.il'.Vi.lli'' "Mi .■!,ii h.s Total ("niil iJrniMl Total Tolnl i:x|>nrl,H:ii lu.iii.Mtti 'i.i7o.M:ii.>> I i«-..<.Mii,t->fti '«l ! l.il.i.r.i;: '.•. *.'il '.hIl' 'i-i I, ;»••..-..•.:$ I uMii.o'.tn :t.2si..->iH.4o •i."...".««o.r,7 i lo Tin: ruNSTMl'TKiN u| ||:(i\ IN CVNVUA S!t WKKillTS OK SOMK OF Till, IMlMtliTATIi >NS. \ll Wriuhl- :iri' III Nrl Toll- h| ■^MI»l 111-. )'vS(i. HHl. IRSL'. ' ISH.!. IHHI. r|i:nv,i;il I'iir All nil,,. I I'lL- I''/'".-, .Ij.l'.lL' .~,r.i|, .111.1 HI, I ,. -dw ::iii l!iii> I'll.!. II,. I. l'.l...,iii- ;iii.| I'.illii- 7.-.'.'-'. :: v.s Mill- Jli.l K'l.lv lil. Si[. I ll;ll. ill .lii.liiiu' II. ...|, :iimI .^liifl I.. hTT ll.iiTi; -.".'.(His Niiil iiii.l ."•(Ilk,' 11. ..I l;..ll,'.| l;l';llll^.^||;,|,||l I. in-. \r. I!..il,r I'l^ilc Caiiiiilii I'hilc I Tiiincl I'liili- S <,.'ll\.'llli/,'.l il...i|.\' li.'iii.i. N... 17 a. A III ii.'ii|. nil. I r>Mii.i..,\,'i 17 <; I.:i7:: l.li:; l.lli 77(1 I'.jMi ii,7o| I'.ill.-. T..II-. 'I'.ill-. Tnll-. Tl>ll^. .'..■..■ilii 'ji.iriii |'i,.'iii;; il.lV , |.;.rc'.ii .".J.". rjii .v> '.!:> 'isi :,,\>'*i l.'.iM J7". '.'.77s I ,i/,v; i 1 .'^.^ivl :iii.k',! ■>,17'. 'Ji'.,77', :!ii,in;| l.^lii l,;7'.i iili7 I'll'i .'isi 1,111-. T.,MS. Tiiii.-. ii,s.!7 ■.'.l!'H L',S!t:l "i<;..v.t| 7-". ,'.".'", 4l'.-.':«l |.;J7 I.M-J .;,i:«; iii.r.'i |j.'.i;l iJ.iil-. I Ml I 1.:mi .;.|ii", l.ir.i •.'.•j7I '.'.'.Hiii ".,i:i -'.7:'l -.Mil'. J,l7i'. ;i,j«.i7 l.lNi l.L'Ml |.r, 7hs l.'ii::! 1,-Ji»; I.o-_N I i,;iv; •">.1'.'7 i.4iil : .-i|i,c-l. .\.i. 17 li. aii.l iih.lct I I .■!,(l7.'>| :,:M] ■i; J l.iiTd! l,s^7 W'ir,' l!.„l<. ill ,•.i||^. iiii.lfi ill. . I ill. Wir,' -2^-: 1,:;7I 1 .s7.". l,a.V; ■X...l",(i iiihi'i' In. II 1 1. .7 1 s;;;; J .I'.'" I.V,-.' .■;,ii;'.'.( »t.77*' r..ni;t, i'lil .■'..II.M I.5SS .i,I.V.> S..M7 7.C 1,1 -J.-, 7.711 J Till. ill).'. I'liiiii. ..vi'i' _' ill. .Ii:i I 'riii,',iil,',|. ,,\ IT L' III. .liii. '- ill. iliii. ami iiiiili'i' — " I!.,il,i-, 1 J ill. ilia. ,V (.mt. Ii'iiii lliiil..', iiiuliiiliiiK li.''li-|.lati-.>. I ■■ I'riiKs, ctir \vlici.|«, ami iixii's, tnr IH7.">.lS7i> ; si. .-,7 1 7s,(Hs .it; m.'XA) \r>2A7i) yi7,:m l>oiii«>Nti«' I'rotliiclioii ol'ji I*1K' Iritii. rt'liirnN i'or I .' I)*«t4 ittlirlnl. oilier yvnrn \ ; «'Ntilllllt«>4l I I.IHIII I.IMKI 1.';..5lKl M.OKt W,-»ir, I 17(1,2.'>1 21s,'.iifJ 1 2i>s.*U :!2H.s.i.s 27:;.'.Hi7 lii,VW| 23,()f)0 I I8,50fj •Jl,."i(Ki .y.iKKi 2!t,;W'.i XurK — 'I'll!' «ci(tlil.'i ,,| 'I'liliiiKt ill,' not ifivi'ii |,,i' iss) , 'J. .;. (, Imi arc i..HllniHte lh<>«|iiiiiitili4>Hor littth ciiMt. himI wroiiKlit wcrap iron r«> work<>d naiiMiilly, but lli<> nmoiiiitN nr«' v«>ry «-oiiNlil«'^rHl>l<'. •K.-itiliiatiMl. l) ♦• I H jli If^i II] 90 'I'lIK t'(»N>rMI'l'li»\ nK Il.'MN | .\ CANADA. 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IIJ:| "llll .\l,i hriii-li ('(ilmiiliiii liNi.1 |ll•.'■V^ i'. i:. ishiihi. I'K'iJI 4>i.;ii ■!• oiiiiiiiii. 11:1 |^ll'lM \hV,1 .V.'W Itri .\l, lll'l! ilnl,^ Ciijiiiiilii I', i;. M.iM.i ... ;»ii.si| I'.' |t'.M"l 7 'iihy I lS7.'!ii •.N.'!| ll"Ki,'i Ml'' ;v.-i 1s7h:; . : '.(!•- 1"«i7 ' if;'':! ijiii "iiVi 'il'i !-7.-. \«:v; lllIKi ]X> Jl.; l.{1>J 1 ii I'ljH ii;i7 im:.-, II.,. I^M. • •ntiiric l^ll'liOR .NiiMi ."^c'diiii . \<\v Iliriii^WK k. "il.illill ><.■» |S1.')IKI l'",,l|l |.'Ji7>s7 ;i';ii.",:; hi:: I7i;ii >..'l(IS l>- 17 1 I'l ii i7 J..)n ;nl.'i 1 ''hi \..i • — |:tii'.' !t«,i>K; , 1.->II .•;siii . |H:'ji")ii .'iiiinis;!' >7iM irfM]. INHIJ |.'i!t| |;-.7:!1| 1l:"ii;i' 'IJii :l'.iH| 'JlH 7 Jl • ".II yi: lis III- .'iCI.'.l i.Ji.isvj .-iKlM'.' Hi I'll 7s."i(H iim .'i'JiKli 17III .'170 471.47 7SIH.'! 4lHI ■2:^^< 774 . 7 Ills I;;-.Ms . 7li.'t! .Manildliii 17S!l |tiili>li Ciiliiiiili{:i ■,;}» .\. W. rcrriliiiir* ">1 .•.7:;;:i 2.1 III . S|.'i(l liliH.'. ,")t>H!i77 S41707 I.Ti's .VJ.;'i."i :i :'J T" I ,'11 I'l I I'i'lll l''l:lll 74s -jiwll .'i.'/i.M'^ s'Cir.'i !il7 JiU'.l'.i'.s.-, limimssKO 277SIII .•i:«v •ill ir: i'2".s 15.'«i '2 11*7 •"» tlHIl .... M 1 IJii7i> .•;is 1 '17 ;i7-'i . . Hs.V |i>,{ is. 7J17 bH . HIT' 122 I'.ilK' t;: .vt.ii;i . 72 r.1'411 . ;■)! 27;t! iH 15117a. I'l lllii.') . •S) 122. liv4S4, I7ISII 2-s,>i . r>iil2H2 '.i2ii.i'l 1 •kS 1 ii; 1 7.4 06 TMK CdNSFMI'TKiN OK IRo.N" IN CANADA. PETATLS OF IMI'fUrrATIONS OK BARS ANI> KODS.— r„*,/;„mVO tlNMlT li.'l'lll^I \..v:i .-^I'Htiii . .. imi'Li, VX'.K N'i'w Iiriiii>«ii'k.. Vi41.'ii 7 N'hi«;iv ^iii.l Itrl .'lillil. >Wfl|cll. o ■^ ^ S 3 ('wis $ .* IXll: lOSl :ui7r..-. Tor M.S. \'aliic. A\('riit.'i'. •".li'.U Iiii.k; 11".IIJ .... 1.177 IXll: KISI V7(l(>> mr . ':U17;-..-, . IIIM!' 1 lll.'l' lliT J(I.S(I I.i'l ... , . •'21 4 •Jli'T 'MM .'1 - . .. •JlL' 1 ^ . . KIS] t." I >ti.';i; . 7SL'ii:i :iiMi.", . l.'{li."ill lliSJJ. :!12. is.x:! (•iitiiriii ::tii-Mi; I!t:l7"iii (in.l.ur ■ ■.''.iM'v»2 ('i-'17l:7 Nnvii .-^i-.ii i.-i 4iuv; tids:;:; \.w r.niiiswirk. ".1171 7'.tlH"' .M.lllitdlKI VHlli lilJll r.rili.-li Coliiinliiii l.M>-7i L'.'inld ( yw.; L".'!.'.!! 1'. !•:. M:iii.l 7ls7i 11177(1 .\. \V. Tcrri lories ' S(i7."i L'Hits -ji."! i;;Ni'iii4 ;;ir.'i;:;.v_'7s,s h'M VSMI 1|ss-):'^;:;-jl' il-.'.v.'7 l."il.", ;iiis'.p I Ill] i.ips |-j,",;;7 l.illl ii.c, .'ilTiil 14ir 'My^i i(i:;7.". •-'41711 ;is7 22 (iil."i^_'7'.i . il4."i:-!(P Mllll |HS)1 . .'■■.21(1(1 . I(i77il S2 S.■|7•^■lsl2t:!722; 1 l.T I'-7i.". |iKi.",i 2 4'i 17.V2S H2:il yd I!i4 i;;2st)l(i 1 4!i I * l-'r..m .N'i'W r..iiii.| l.irjij. I I S.V.IVJ; ]:;iisiisti i .vj | 2i«'.i:! niKi.". 2 sd l7iM2l4in'>i(i'2."i(i.'> .•nMdiHKni'.iii lill'Kil l .'xi 1SS4. Jl7."i7;i :!iKi2;!'.i {tiil4,S ry\;X^ (•lllauo ..... t^lcl.fC .Ni'va .>«i'oli:i. .New ISruiiswiik 417s;{ ti24^2(' .\!;iiiil..li:i .. •■t4i'5 47s:! Uriti.-h O.liiuil.iii lHi(i7 21(IS1 1'. K. l^^lanil S9."xl l:t7." .V. \V. Tt rritnrics 7H4II I'.i.'xi:; iCs. 2(Ni;. ...I 2'.H4 7'.i7!i il4d4 21.V)2' 4"is S7S .KUs lS7."i ti,-il V.nrt 2:vs 5!tli IHH .'^14 ! i)27li l!r>2s '. 2'2(')011 .•i2lK2-, :{ti."iSI(i VirM< ;!1«W .'i72!t(i 42(v)6l il4!i:S' So'M .".•2'S7 2ii0.-i('il 4inlii!) H ]:'.7.".7 l)7(Wl(i ii'.ilG4(i| l-4i; I isiift .")i»307i 2-7'.t 10()(KC2422('< livji 1^7". 7ii7ii71 ld('..Mits 1 TIIR COVSUMI'TION OF Wins in CAWnA. !»7 DKTAil.S <»F IMl'niilATloN of IIJON A M> Sli:i:i. UAII.S. It^iiliHiMl |;.ir- ;iiiii I'icii:-. \\ I I.I I nil I hull III Mil' I I'liiiit - ,iimI I'i-Ii |iI.iIi-. ,iiiiI I '.ir A\li TO nmiiih Ollrliii- HM .-il.ll.l .\i» Uniii-Hick l!i'i|i-li riiliniilii,! lil'l'.'ll lllit.lill. I llill'il .»I,||C'-. IIhII.iiiiI. Till . Tiilis. V'illllc.lAvBl'. Tun-. \'.llllr. Avt'c. riill>. Vdlir. \\tr. Thii-. \'.llllr. A \ itr \-'Mi>' ."i.v,:,| :;::i:iji;'r 'M-. ll..:;iii ll:iM ^IJ'.i'JI ii-j:; vv;|.,i; |ii>i ■j;:;,;iiT ;.ilti-. is:i,V'i llti.i l-i:; ;i^ .■.;i.;7;;. v.Ki.ii; .miViTii . Il7!i I .1171. l.;.".il M|.!'.HP7 lisiiiKi i:;i'.^|.". t;:i II-.' l'>..ii !«;".".** i.iii -jii-jv II (II ; »r.7i ".■.'>>7'>iii 111 \x'*>. 1 I" 1 rxi lliihiri I^K'Ill .\ii\ J Sciiiiii . . . New l>riiii>vvirk. I>i'ili>li Ciiliiiiilii.'i I', i;. l>Liii.l ]s\i> i.:i'::; hai7 J'i'i''l:'i-J iC'l J7>|ii .■;.",ii;; 1 7: « '.111 117 l;i|71 II 1711 .V>7lii:: i<'l Js'iiii:,,; .",•_• I", jjiiiii; |iii;i;;i7 1:; I. 7»i;vi ;;v.i777ii |;i 1;^ Hiiliin (^iirluT .N'liMi .S'liliii Ni'W I'liiiii-wirU lll'il i>ll ( 'i.lllMllll.'l . 1". K. l.-liiiiii II I K Ml ^ I'll. It liMlMIII- I'llill'.l T.M Tuns.! VjIiic. \\.i:r. T..11-. Willi.. Avi;.' T1.11-. V.iliir. \ IlS'i liilim .'.V.ll liHi-JJIii lis:; :»ir ill 1117 .vr; L;:;L'ii! l:;;i .■;ii|ii ■.71 l.V,.-.: i;s;i yih lii'.N liini'ii ;|iij^r. inlTMii. ' l?v: J-J,;!!!-. ..11:; I. ".I •JJJsl • li;ii\ l!\ll.-. liiiMl r.ril.iiii .111.1 » 1 lill.-il .'^l.llc.-. ivui- r..ii-. v.iiii.'. Avtfi'. s s .^ Mii.v .il.'.H' m;.;:. i;."..'!'.!-.!;* I'.'iiL' 7i-.:.(ii 1-Vi l'.':'.!i.')l ... . l^Vr^ Iii7i'ii .■.liiiiT.! :»i 4i: 08 THE CONSUMITION OK IIIO.N IN CANADA. IMTAIT.S Ol- IMI'oiri'ATInNS oK S'I'KF.I. I; All.S. TO IvSM. (ileal lliit.iiM. I ijilnl ."^lali-, liicil l!ril;iiii. I iiiltil Sliili'ii. 'riiT\l,.'<. 'A I • 'i' '• t "J I ■', I 5 \ nine. Amto.I r \"liii' Avsre. 5 iVnllie. \\«e. = V.ilue. Avire. ? V.ililo.!Avi.'e. niiiiiii .■i".ll '.i-i.;ii--' . (Quelle.- .... Hslm \'yi\Trl . \in:l .'7.ill . . •V. l!iiiii>\Mil< . M'^"^ In.i'.iui .. I!l>li Cnluiiiliix ■ . I'. K. I>laii(l.. "i <<, H-"-'.'. ■M iw: :/ill '.t.a'.-ii iWIit; r.ijl.-iti-'i J."/, '.tl.'iii ib^ l":;'.i.»i ;« •i.'WTI TtWil -'ir.i^Vi-J 2' <.H\ H :;ms(i ii| ]ii 7i'".WIIJ|.VJli.TJ!.'s;27.!«) I oiii.iriM siiiij •jl'.ijj:. Quelier '"H.i -J-JslTrs .Niivii .""i-'il lii . " I'' -■-"' i^ ... N. Itriiiiswi.li . IIJ-.'I ll.;lJi.... M.iiiihilM lilsli ('uliiiiilii:i 1'. K. Nhind .\. W. fel' • .>! •i:'.iii -X- I L».l,", ll.HHI, 1. . . 1 I Slid-.' JliHi'i! r,(a!TM-j-j'il',iii."il ;|; ir.-.'i \h\ii\ J. .1. I8s: yi.'^Vi :.''.»i'i'.i.'>s :;:\3i -j^Xi. liil.in .;7 T'l I . 1 I •'!'..l.ll iri.lll.ler lr..|ll UelKilMIl liil.lllel L".'! Toll-. .■<'I.',«HI. C.VS Mil W l'\i II H l;.MI.H V', ... H'.Kl4!i;.';i77USs,.'?;t.(.'.'0 1H7^I M74:iii iiiitario . Qiielice i44l»'i.TllJiiii|l \,,vii Secitia. i I.'M; Im.«I \. UriMi. XfMH .Miiiiitiiliii ' • ■ • • l!t>li ("iiliimliia 2.1;") 7H>i',i I', K. Islaii.l. N. \V. r.i... I'l.'i' :il7HL' .... LIKi 7li'li '22~i>2 "iiKitilli >il(ii;-.iMW.) , 7;itw;) i;.''oti;ii>s ;ii iKiioit'.") ijiIikho si liS Total, 80,278 tons. $li,(iiri,4;i;i v.iluu. r 11017 .ilVJii-' VM'.' ■."il'.''.'7'. i;ci',iti7 ■'iMil.Ri i:m' ■•..vi.Ji '.l-.'lh .MlSll^i lii."r.'7 "iiiHSK' ■SX'< 7x!l!i 702 XM'Xi L>4!1i 11(117 .".IsidL' 31-r)'.<|ll;!'."'.i7.'>53l;i;iUl,S30.!>7 Total, ;i'.,71'.i ton.-'. -SlU l,S'.i7 value. 18S;!. (Iiitario (Jiieliee ...... n78H •i|i7-' 5.'«i:!2 14L'.!7ii4 ll'.lt'.H 1."j342 HK ILiOil 1 21)40112048 1(1 217 :\ 1.S7 I'.w, ■KXi iiiir.i)! 18!I,"> ii'r>s2 1 4H')(IK' O48I10 ...... \ 1 l('i.';2".l li!l|S'>N . . Il7^:.^l'. 177 1711 .\. llniii.-'wiek..: llilli .'!2(Ni2'ii.'ii'w27 . 122."> I.mKI,.. ,;'J|(i2Ilii7!i(i,V . 222;; (ai7r.2i.. litsli Ciiliiiiiliiii 1'. K. I.-'iand . \ W. Tor ■•iOf) •>■..'> i-ciiti lOil'i ,{('1(177 ' 1 1 i ::::...::::.. .;;;.i::.-:...: . ' li42liil •.ii8;i4;t! .■;2 41 3,'i2iil:>7::;iii 41 i»i j:!14ii (Mdlil 2s 2t :;2iKi2 Il.-.iis27 : <■< 11 122S.V.I 10l(i27'.i .^; i2.li'.t Total. ()7 ,711 Uinf. .•is2.22.'),8-"il value. Total, 'm.I 12 loii.<. .>1.7'.llM2S value ♦Total iiielmie." (iuebt!u from (ieniiaiiy 117 tons, ,j;|'.i70. (Jiieljee Irom lit'l^-'iiini 2 Ions. .$lii.l, 1884. lliilarii) (Jiiel)e(; .... 20iC. 210^1 i7(i;i 1087 77fi0;{ (il'.i(!7.- 12J10I1 (Wll(«071 j 2114.) iil7i:!(i 278'.Ki| (i57108 .... .'U12 72107 .■'..■•►■)22 ii:ai>Mi7 ."i'N77 l''7(i7H;! 2704 6102.S 5 154 . , . 7lii7 i741i:i .. X. iininswick. ' '..'.'. ';;7;M • 121302 \WJ. |.">2I8 :!7."il 1"l.!ii2 litsli Cohinihiii 1> 1.; I« and .. 218 H!Ml7 l(li()7 2;!7r)85 lo7'>.') 2H!t'.'2 .... 1 1 . . . . \ W Tor ;uc.2H ' H(i4 (12 24 IKi ^liiKl 22l'.i-">.'i 2.") (aViiilioO l.M 1S21I iv;») 711:! 10;&8!) .)- ..»! 1111.1111 27040:«.'i!2.1..Ti Total, 43,018 tons. Sl.080,517 viiliie. Total, 06,710 ics. §1,705,418 value. ;27.!*i Ml l.-i :is '.''J y. ' "i .^'J5.3: THE CoNSl'MlTlOiN OF IRo.N IN CANADA. 9!t MII.KAOK AND I'Ain'ICUI.AKS OI- CANADIAN l.'AIIAVAVS \iitr I'licliric .linif idlli. lH(i7. lK(iS iHtilt. IHTil 1S71 1H71.' IK7;!, 1.^71. ls7r) ls7ii, Is77 1>>7^. 1S7!». ISHO ]KS|. |S.S( ■J,.'.!KI l.'.4ii(i . 1 l.'.t''7!> 3,I7S J l,s_i;* . r,,i.-,7 .'>,.'i7i i ti.ll.{ i 7.i;iiii I 7, .Mill .Miles laici with rjiil.< liiit Mill in ii|icinli(m .Miles .if .^i.liiij,.. Tuliil riiils liinl IH84. Mill', iimlt'rciiii.-liuclidii, >.i,.)7.> ;i7:i 1 Mll.KAC.K iiK Ml IK, i;h: 111- t .Mil 1 Alii UK ~ ■/. ■ K J? 1 1 1 1 .MiloiiKC. Kml.s. Iiicrcii.se iMillMUC. Kxii.s. jleeiea-e. I ."'^hilM .MikMlie. .s. liuM'se. ' 172 i 7il 1 UH 71 L'l'.l .'i.'ill ij.i.i 7"i' 2,o,M 75* ■',74f) 7.j* il.j.-) "lO .■|;il 2.:!7:{ 7.1 .;i'.i iKi 2,7.>.i)(i 11 7". Il.'i7 INI 117 J,7ii.'>.iij .1111.50 2,7s:',,.",(i 2 -...Ml IMS (III ■.1 no ."rti'.l .'i/>S.'»-IIH S17.7.) ^,25S.2-. 474.7;-. 717.7,-. ,"V.i 7.') :U1 .'i,si:f SO L':;o 72 ■ :i.l77 2.-. hi'i'l'eiisc. ^I.INI 7i;; --.7 1(17 4,04!i.rV! 1 LVi") 7;i ;i,ir.7.ii 111 M 7s:i.2ii 3!l ii'.l ■Ki!) i,'.i;;5.i5 . SS.') 112 2,(i()(l.ilil I'.'ii 7H S7H 17 '.I.-..21 27(» (;.nR-> 11 l,l."i(l.2ii : l,ns:! h\\ 1.77 l.t '.I.-.2 S!l 71.12 l.l'.ttl 7.;ill) ti7 : 1,2V.. 2<1 i l,72.">..iO 2:>H.2:i l.d'.li.l.SlI liii :il 8l;t 8,;il8.1S 1,(1117 41 1 i.(i:»i.;;7 12;; :i;: ;,Iii.-..2.t ti.S 19 Inerciisc / iiiiioe 1875 \ ('i.2'.i;! 2"p since 1>>7."> 1,111 '.IS Ilii-ieiise ( siiiee 1^7.-.. S 5(1". 1.22 11,11.: 1 ..'.tv. K^TIMATKD WKKiUT OF IKON A.ND .^I'KLL ItAILri IN CANADIAN RAILWAYS. * Oftipial Ri'tiirns siiiec 1875. Sat iurlm'inn l.iini itf Hullirnii ainiiil '.;/ I'mil nml Inm '/in.*. H,.'!4S Miles 111' .^leel Hulls a) f*'i lbs. per yiird = KS tons per mile l,(>(i2 " Iron I. I'm " Kiiils in iSiiUiiK'S " " 11,11.'. .Milos. 'I'llTAl, UKKillT I.K KaII.S.. Dslimaleil wei;:lil iif Spikes, Triiek-I.i>lt.», iinil Fi?h-pliites. (iross Tons'. 7.i4,H24 ll(i,',t7ti l()2,.-.20 '.i7X,120 lil.dl.'i Clrand Total l,0«».i:t.t I- t:«' ^!. 'k 1(M) TiiK i:\i'oi;r oi-- iijon kuom c\nai)A. TAIM-K (»F TIIIO KNl'dUTS ol' IKON (»i;r., M .\N< iAMlJ^K OKK, I'Ki IIION, AND SCKAI' IIJO.N 1 l.'o.M llir, iKi.MIMnN (U ('ANAKA. Clillljliliil I 11)111 I'l'lll- 'lliil \itl iiin/inii I,', liinis. N'i:i 'I'liN-- L'tiiiii Ills. ■X'rtS IkiiN <'I(K. .\l \SC. 'M si • 'l!K. I'll. hiON. Sri: U' ll:iiN. 'i'llll^, \'iiliir. 'run-, \'iilin.' l-'.IHHI III.-. .S L'.l«"l|l).<. .> F £ 'I'ui;-. ■^ •J.KMI III, iHCiH i;."i,;!!L' ."il.7l':; l.i'I7 -'.;.7i'.i ISIill •J7,s|s I'lH.Llls |ss iH.Sli'.l 1s7() \'>:s:2 :;i.v'7 l.lllj 7.1'S'j 1S7I ■-'ii.vj.5 .'iK.iiils l,ii.'.i; '.',7ss 1H7L'. . . ■.'|'.,I7.-| i;i.!Hi I.LII.'. ■'s,.'JI(l lH7.'i 17. "1 III llJ.:iiin s:;s 17.171 JH74.,.. lt,'J7S '.'7.7111 '.'7") l7.J|i; 1S7.V.... .■i'.;.ii:; 7."..'.! 17 •)) » i.:.7ii; lS7rt. . . . !l.-.'sii .lii.TiiJ {.:■:<-■, 1S77 1 ,1-l-t ll.s,-,l 7JII i:;..".iis iS7K S.lL'l |:;,|||.-. 1,111 III |i;..i.!'.i 1S7!I .■-;,5i.2 7,."i:)ii ."is: 1 il.i'^i 1H.S(I •'lll/l-'l 711.171 J.IIIU ■'7 7.i'' ISHj ... 41.1177 lll.s-ii ■J.lHl .;s,7.'>s issi; i;;,s.T) i:;."j.Uii i.lJ. l.l!»l .;7.is'. 1HS;{ .... ll.'.'H |;^,77-, .«.|.I17 I*s4 .... i!.->,;',iis rir.,."il'.i ^•t.) I7).s.-)l ISIls. isil'.i. |s7il. |s7l. ls7l.' 1st.;. 1^71 ls7".. Is7il- IS77. 1S7H jsT'i lis |ssiP. .... JXl'i |ss| .... II issi; li) !ss:;. II X'illllC. ,s •J.IIIKJili-. Vlllllr. s 'I'llll.-'. L',11 K) llis. 7.'.ei '.i.::7l iii.iiri lii,;;iii .'i'J (M.'i 'Jli.miD Hi .'.I'.ll i:;.!il.; 11. .-I'll. .'i.iUii ■S 10,II|-J so,-) 7;;.(i'.'.'; 17'.i I.IIIHI .'{17 lit) \'llllU.', .S. |ii7.7i;s l"iL',(ll7 l.''.i|,l:'7 .■Mi,,;;;7 .'ili'i.ii.'l 7."jj.iis2 ;;u,",.si:i L':;i.ri.-.j l'.lli,',l"S .':•"., I7J .S •■il.l'.is ■ii."i !:-;i I'.il -'l!.' l'-ii.i'.i.: Ml Is" L'il,.'i7ii lsr,7. Mis I SI ill l><7(i |S71 1S7-J 1H7:; |s7l. h7."i l-<7r,. 1-77 |s,s ls7:i IsSII IsSl IsSL', Iss:; ism.. TAHLE OF I'ilK KXl'OK'I'S ()!•' IIARI»\V.\IM;. M ACil l.\ KKV, Ivn., Kir., I'"U0M TIIF, n(»MI.\l()\ OK CANADA. ('i)iiif)ili(l J'liiiii Tradi mill Siioi'jiiliim. liitiiin.-<. Fisc'l Year t'liiliiij; Stovf: .Iiiiie ;{(»tli., Oilici ('u>liiiL OtliPi- I liiidwiiic .Nlarliiiinv ami li'"ii. I Mils !«(;;> KSTd 1H7I 1S72 \xn l.STt 1.S7-, iHTt; 1S77 1S7M 1ST!I ISMd IHHI 1H.S2 \HK>, 1884 t'iir. 7,:.-27 n,vn 20.ti77 M,:!87 7,sll.-. t;,(i":t 11,752 ir)(),"4i! I22,S17 I I7.!t;;i 1 7;;,:)>'j l'.i."..7'J() ;;(i7.(i.">7 •JiVJ.l II 1117, ISO ;i:),2.s:! (is, 7.'!.'! l()2.'.t-^:'. Sj.it'.l.") '.i2,.".>-< s4,7i;i 2()',I,.')1S .';i!l.217 2i7,:;si> :iL'.":;s(i n,'.,!ii:; :;.'!,7i'j ii.-i:. Mio/vjs iiii,::.'t(i :;s.7iii) 1(1, 7(i:! (i(i,.';(is '.Mi.2(l') 77.IS2 .") 1.2(1;") 17.1',).'! 2(1.2 10 77,i:;2 7i,;i(;(i s2,i;ii SrU lli;.i , Muuliint's. .V2,'.)(ll Cid.'.in:; 11(1,1 1'.i I7((.2'.i;! 227.(1(11 :!(;(;, 2:il 2.-.2.I7:! 2.-| I. .-)!() ;;(i.".,7r.t 2('i(i,ii:. 27:!,2;")S 21s,(;(il 2(11..". I.") l(;o,|.".2 I. ".(»,(; I ;i (I!!, '.1:1;! '.i.'i,:i2(i .\^c!(Mil- Stpi'l iiml tiiral .Miinii- liii|i!i'iirii(.s t'iiilnic.s III'. 8(i,lllll 7;Mtll ."ill, 1 28 ;;i,2(iii i(;,ii2 i(;,7(i(; 17,252 7.>-,ll I :;2,Cii.s :!l.(i72 7.s.|.-.! I i.':,(;')(i !l(!,2(i(i I.'!,.SI2 :f(»,7Hi \M% . . ISOit. . ls7ii . IS71 |s7i;.. Is7;!. 1S7I.. . is7r. . . 1S7I1. , IH77 . |- 1S7H |i 1H7'.P 1 jssli.. 7'1 Issl . .17 JHs:;. . (i: Iss;! . 7" IHSI.. «( TIIK COAL Tl.'ADi: (i I'lIK DdMINlo.V OF CANADA. 101 I'llODUCTinN (H" cnAI, IN Tlir, DOMINION Ol' « AN'Ai>A. i'liiiijiiliil Jniiii ( n'lif'ml It'diirii.i. tild Ti<\- :.j|ii I.IK Ill'l I'l^M Cul I Ml si lnS;ill 4.-^ I''riini'isr() iHi;:. I still isTii 1S71 ISVJ is;.-! 1S74.. Mr.. IsTii. IS7T is;s. lS7ii . ISHII.. ISHl iss:: ISSI.. to (ii) U.Hnii LM.:ii»i "il.'.MKI lH.lllKI I'l.lilMI Ull.lllKI .ll.KHI M.niii) lil.Kki 1ii),i"iii Id-J.liNi ltii,;uiii IMI.IIKI Kl'.I.JKI 15H.ru 11 1 l'..',,HINI lL'H..Mi:! L".il,r.|(i ■rnl;ll ihll ('nil -IMIlj.l'll. ihicli , (/.) Il.(iii.'i . (/■) , i.sti; (/.) 'J'.i.si.; (I.I |."..IIIKI . (.1 i.".,7j.; . (i/) ^I.IIIIH 1)11. nun 1 : J I .M w I I'l.lHI'l (./)ii;i.i;v2 u/r.'ii,iii; i7i.i"in .'11.111 III I'lJ iHii'i ivi,:;:^:; L'.'.j.m 1 i'.i."ii;7 .';i»i,l7H in.Li'ii |r...M:; III. I'll .Ml.li'.l i;|.7^r. i"-'J.iiiiii ■-'l.i.iiiiii .•;ii|.i'7.i .\..v K\|M,|( In I'llill'll Sliilr.". ' (. I :;;'.H.i!i-_' l'l'x.|.;l' L'.",7,4'^.". ir.s.lMi ir..-..|.:l IM.ii'.'-J ji;i,7i;ii 71.1 ."I IW.jlii -.l.i-.ll 1J::.IJ:; 1IIJ.7.V iil.'.l- Siilc 171.1s; iv;,ii:; ■.M1.7!i ."ii'is.''7' .■.'■•••..ll 7s-..'i| ssl.llii 7 1! 1.1 -J- 71 Mi, 71 1. iLII.-Jll' I 'ili7.ini. i;ii:;.nl i.ss.r,-' H-M.iM' l.ii.;.,rii l.-'.MM7 l.-Jnl.il-il \ .'^riiTH. Tm.il 'I.'tiil I'rniliii'linii Prnij irlinli " ( . - ill llif ill till' Tnllirrv llillllillinll. |)lill illinli. Cnll (iiii>s 'ripii.< N.'t Tnll.- siiiii|iliiiii I'liiiliii'liiiii. (it LM'lii 111.-. nt'li.tilNllll.^. ") ipl. •-'.". 1 :VVJ.I.;il r,ri:;.ii7« i;.!i,:ilii 1 1 .'.X.1171 , ,'.]" "lll.'l ,Vii..illill iii;.!,:«fj i riii,Lt)7 1 .'i7S,i Ii" lil.i.Sf.l t.H7,.-.27 7 .^7.r.i'.' l'".'i.7til' fi.Vi.r,!ij 7:;i.-js.". s • 7iis-.'| r.7.i,'jiJ 71S.-JIJ siii.i:!i 1 l(il,:;il ,SHII lOill l''J7,iHi'^ l.ii:;s,.!iii i; ! iiis,.iiis l,ii.-.l.|il7 i.iiii7.r.iii l,-JL's.s.-,-j 7 : lilt. SJ ■<7''.7Ji ii.'..;.7.'ii l.lHiS.ltili l-'l.llll 7'«l.lii."> siii.ii;.". ims.lD-t 7 1 li:!7ss 7tiii.il|ii sb.iilii ii.iii.lvi ."> 1 lIH.Sll 7.'.7.lii'i llll.llHi 1 .ii'Ji,s7.'i 1 : ss.f,-j7 771 1 1 1 1. ; '111 iin:i MiKt .'lll.'l 1 s|.7s7 7ss.i;71 l.i'L".i.--'7I l,l.V.'.7s:; '1 inl.s.'ll l,ii.i-.',71ii l.:;i«i.71ii l,|.".ii.7ii."> 1 III7.SSS 1,1L'I.J7.1 1. :;■>:' 1^7(1 1,.MI.".I'J 11 ll!.:;sl l,.l'..".,^ll I.til7.sll l.S|-^..>IS in. 11 111 l.rj.'.-v.:; 1 .iii.'."i ."i.v; l,s:{l,Hiii ill lli'.7i'ili 1 ::sii,-jii,", l,7H:i,:iii,-. 1 ,mi7,.'.tw NoTK. .!.-•• iMfnrillllli.. II Inl- i;illiL'l;lllt>-." I'lll.liil.|i. Ill /'.— Ki'linir 111' Hon. It. I,. l,ciMi;i'viii, ('.!!., nil |',rili-li Cnliniilii.i. b7L', |i. I'i. -ThrC 'I'ni.lf. .\.V., , |.. :;i. '/.— Ki'pnrt 111' .Miiiislcr nC Mi Uritish Cnliiinliiii. lss.'i, |i rj."i. .— 'I'lli' I (lit. V nil ('mil ciilciilii.' till' lliilcil St:itc.-< w:i.-- .-si J-'i |ii'r tnii Irniii bi'^ In ls71, aini 7.'i criit.'* |)ur toll ^'illl'U tlii'ii. IMPORTS OK COAL FOli IIOMK CONSCM ITION. ('i)iiiliiliij U'liiii Tiuih It ml Xiiriijiiliiiii Jiilnrnn. Ni.i 'Pun- --'.ihhi i.f.s. iiti Isi'iS isiiii . 1S7II . IS71 b7J. Is7:!. |S71. |s7r. H7ii. |S77 1S7S 1S71I Issd. issl 1SS2. lss:{ 1SS4 Antiiimiiti:. 'run.' I'liTi MiMirs. Am. iiTiiHii A' Mist. \';ililr. 'I'niis. \'iilii('. I Tnlis. VallM fill.dlO |ilti.'i71 ilii,4'-':'i .Mii,7-Jli ;"i7'-',ii!fJ 1, 711.;, 1(1. 1.17i'i.ii'-'(l l,.")t;ri.. lis 1,. "it II 1.1 "ill ;"il.';,li7ii I l,7(l(l,l.'i< I'lii.dim l.lli.'!,!t'ili I7:!..';17 MliiL-Jdl |."n,ti|li ' l,-'L'ii,7(il CtlKK. Viiliio. L'..'!-"i,1I.'h (■i.'!S,i;7;t j •j,('K'iti,.'-"iii 7r,4.Hlil I .'...'iU.iKiCi ."is7,(ii:4 ii:iii,.'!7l lIlLCiLlI HCiH.dfid :i.Hai.'js;i i.ii8,(>ir. -liii'liitliiiK Coke. l,741,.'-*8 i;,!('.K'«,l|lS .■f,(il.'^,4T() I ♦ |.''i.71'.' I It'll ,.'1117 1 ;;l,7:;7 i H.-i,ii.M 1,ii.|H 7,."i(ll •j(i,i:'.!i "i.i.ini;-! : ino \ \;;\\\ WjrCt S,s77 :;,s;;7 ' hi,:!.-,;; (!.•!;•■ ('nk(! ii.'iti.s i ;\;m\ XT, I liiii; iitliiT " fi.lic.' I 2(i,l'J.'i (ill.- " i,'j.".i 1 a.dL's •171 1 itdK (lihiT " S,l.-i7 I .",ii,('i7d (1:1- •• 1.1 1'J ; ."i.'iii TllTM Ti.ii." Vii K,1.5U| Id.d'iS .Oilier •' s,li|: 1 ;(!iis '• .'i:!l Duct 12,.W4 ! l.twr. I other "11,'Ji" :'^S,;iSS l.CillI 4l.r.lH ."i.'ifi.H:!!) 1„'!77,r>K5 .■ISil.tH.") I.:i!IS,lMIS .H4.(lV.' 1 ,.".S.-i.L'4.5 :;('i(i,ii7:i l.-'iVJ.llMI 4.H4.si'ii :;,(il.V-'47 574,.'i(iH ^2,^'^H,■;^sl Hd4,H27 .'i.Sd,') .■!.=.;{ (iVJ.l.Ti :i(i7(i.dH.s 711.'!. S.St 1 .'(..''iLlUKid li7li.iiliL' .'!,l.('i(l,li'JS K'lti.llli .'!,(I('iL',1."h1 1111,174 :J,W-.,:;41 1 itvj,7|:; •_',7ill!,Hi)2 \ l,ii(i<'i,li«'i i,W!,:VJ2 1 s 1,'JS1,417 4,r«),.'i52 i s l.f.M.'i.ll.'il (i.:«tl,.'i(>'J i;,dio,'.«() 7,.''.0,i,:!H'J 1u Tllr. <'(».\1, 'I'UADK oK TIIF. noMlNloN OK TANAIVV. TOTAI, CONSl'Ml'TKiN ol' ((lAI. IN TllK |K»M1M()N. I 'niii/iiliil I'rfiii Titiili iiiiil Xiiriiiiiliiiii, mill (>i)iriiil A'i/((("/(x. Imi'out.s. 'I'olAI. t'lPNSI MI'TIKN. Itni MINol'S (iiAl,. Km'KSS ()1- iMI'dllTS I IIVKFI KM'iHITS. 'I'utal Kxi'i'yr^ (if ]iii|iiirts I I'.M.ANCK ..■..,„„- ^^„„„,,,. "^'••'• Iiiliiiiii- \<.AI.\Sr ClNADA. .111(1 ('(ike. a T. It 11 1 l>(iiiiiiii((ii I'ro- dud ion \':iliic. 'rmis. X'aliie. Tons. Viiliic. j Tujis. Tdiis. 'I'mis Tdiis ^ ■roii- T(.ris J.IMKl 111--. •J.IMKlll,.-. J.(»KI|lis -.1*111 U.S. Is: I IsT,^ . 187(1 . . IsTT. ISV-i. IsTli. Issii. isM.. ISS.'i. . 1S84. . liitdiii iiiim^ I ,, — o..., r.l.l.'.iTii l,7ii<'.,l,",4 ' LM!i..">-'ii'i 4."n;,ip'.Ki i.4!i'i,iii'." ,;m>.vs 47.i,.:l7 , 1.rjM.-_'i;i .•;i,'-).7ii;; ,i — ii(^ Hiliim iiKiiis. S;Vi.lltlS a;i.4.'U Sf)!',!*; I,i;i(i,ii87 llo.iMi:; lisii.i'-j '.i.;7,-.'iis l.^7,.v.'4 I."i7.(l4!t ! 1.-JJii,7i;l .ill.iiiU ' l.nl;;,H'.i!i lli;,:»5,'> .">H7.ii24 I 1.741. ."His 4--1i,hV. l.iJ.'I.Hll Itiii.IH'ili t;:!tl,;{74 l.'.ni'-'.osi l:il..lll l,u7S.7(il i;1."..ik;;; 4.s2.'.i;h) :.:Mi,S(ii; r,lH.(i77 '.ii:!,:!77 iill.fcl" r.iis.inr. J,!l!H'i,1il>< 4.!lMlSl .•l.iil:;,47n ■ .|ril,i;:!l l.(IH7,lll 4S1,.>18 l,(Kis,787 l/_'0l,i7:! t;tk;,'.is4 :i,4l:;,-_'>ts riii,8'j;{« 1i"i.:i4". 47,7St; 1SM,:!()4 ii;ii.V)i .•iSG,47(l .•!lil,2'>!l ;-,M,(l4s .■:10.14() ; 4l'(I,01ii 14'.i,;il8 I 4IHi,<.i71 17s.it.-i8 ! 41('>,4'.';! r2i,;wi r,h\.?i'.\ 174,ii4t) ri7'J,ii'.il' i;j4,s3:i : (i:t8,:;7;! 4itS.','7i" 7.-.4,8!iI ijll,. '!().■! I SiiS.lKKl 91M li;5,345 I 47,786 ISit.'KM l(ii>..V)I .'iS(i,47l» .•it!4,25'.) .■ilii.iUS 7.'ai,l.-iii .■>ii;,:il!i .^•.■...•isi li.K.lll'.i 74ii,l'is siii.iiK; l,2.'i:!,S70 l,.v.!i,;;((r> • Ki..!!IL' HS7,.VJ7 7:U.28o 804.1)1 l,(i:!8.:;ni 1.2:is.s.v.; I.OW.lliii '.HIS.' I l,(i'Jl,s7.') l,l(«i.r)ic, l.ir)L',7,H:i l.l">ii,7!l.', i..".i4..Mi; I.s4."i,.'i4s l,H3I,81'.i l,!t!l7,.'i'lS 714.H'p:! il'»;.7iil 8.5(t,().'«t SVJ,217 1 .■J'j7,ri,vi l,;aw.4i« l,4''4,tl.!(l l,;if.2.3l!.'i 1 .4il<),5.'!l 1,7.''>1.0.11 l,liil.-|,H1l 1.7IS.li;4 ■J.ir.il.su L'.i;iiii,i).su ■J.7(is,il.-i4 ;;.iis.'i,(;s'.i .■;.r.".ii,ii7:; * Kxpdll.S dVIT llll|l(ll'(S The 'I'dtiil lidiiiiniiiii ('(insiiih|iti(iii. is not iictuully^-orrei't, iis llif Trade and XaviBiiticin llt'tiiiiis. aro lor Fisciil years, ondiiip. 1 11110 .'Uttli. wliilsl tlio Repdrts ultlu' Minister of Jlines of tlie ProvilU'C? of British C'elunibiii, uiid Nova .""Odtia Cdntinue Id Ueceniber .jlst iifeach year T14.«i:! (■.■»;.7iii S.-,J,-J1T 1 ,-J27,t55.i ].;»is,4i« l,;iivj,3(Vi l,7"il,(i:;l l.TIS.liU L'.-JlKl.tiHU .T(is,i;:,4 :',.(K"i.ns;i :',..'.ri(i,(i7:; lie fill- iiiibiii. i\[|'(ii;ts i\|(. iiiK rxiTKi) si'\i'i:s .\.\i> cwvpa. 10:J / I I I. I I. I. I I. I. I. ■/. I I. I r. (B ■5 C C r ;-• r - I : I = I - ' - ^ : I c ':: 1 - ^7 ft Ai -r x — • •: I I - iT ■ ■: I ^^b i 1 - '/ -^ i~ -•. -■. -. ■'. -r — ' t [ r' :i - I /; :" ~\'\ —.'■'■ T i -r I -r ;. /. I- .- I - I - 1-1 •-■ '(■ '■*^ w •-- C - 4) I - / T 1 • • . 1 -. ^^ W r /. /. ■/ r. (B - V * .- TJ r 1 -- -r X C 1 - *.'": 3 ■=' 1 ' :r.o t) t! 5 ::> c C A « b u — . -"•. •/: 1- k '£ -:■: ?"! >' i 4) ' V "". r; — tl *l • 10 ' * 00 ^ c: ^ sn — /. * r- «■ -■ .^ •-' 1 - 1- * 1 —1 ^ 73 / ,- . "". -^ i; I - -I :■: 71 r-i r I ,; T I M v: 5 '^ 7 O i •_ tl Z I- — ■/. i .i ■; ■= , c 7 - ''• ^. H - T rj i_- "I vr ;r r' "-'' .- r' -T 1 -' - I - -r '.~. t\ >■- c — jt' ~' — :':•:' 1 1 T I :t tP -- i-rii'T r — — :: ~ ri i- /.. It I— 1 r. . I -r I- ■:[ 'i ~ I— ( i~. Tl - E £ — 7. :: :«:/. n r^ f-^ ~ X. c J? I <5 c"= s H OS I" H ■■ ^ ^ Sis e I — c3 S : : S I : : r &■ ^ /. 5 ■— . Jl e H «A e r -3 c3 T? 3 X5 2 ?c ^ V ~ > rf) rt Ji V =i (8 H I' II»J IMI'oIM'S III- li;(.\ I\lu CWADV \N'I) I'lIK UMTKU STATF-S. IMI'' iiini'iniil f '-titn'tii. tl.i III Kl/iitif nf li'iiiii/illi'iiil. ilil, iiii No I I'liri'l.M ION li'-(illl:lh-.|. r\ i ri'|il W7I :iimI h-^l, iMii ; llirlMlnl) I iiniKi • nli/i I hi II I . lM,^ ISH'.I isTn 1 I' iillc .1 IniiM Ullhiill Hi llllhv ./../ Iiiiii mill Still iinil iiKiiiiiliiiliirii till riiii, I iitinil /III- iiiiiKiiniiiliiiii in lln fill s lit' itiiliii itaii.iMi:: ;;.i'.w,7;i is::; |S7| IHTii , .:;.r.i;i.i".ii . ..i.r.ji.isT . :i,nsi;,'.i|."i . .:;,7l'.t.r,4:! IsTT. hTS I ST; I I SSI I .:t.sj".t.r.|:; . .."..'•Il'.l.lij'' . ..';.'.'s:i.(;i:'. , .tJNui.ci;; ^^l iSS-J I'^v; .l,:ivj,twii ..4,;ji,siii . .i.|ii^.-.<;'.' . LIM,!'.". I'liili'il l,l| w 1 1 1 n - .V \' \l I I ■ JlllK lSii<( . Ihi-'.i . 1H7(I . 1871 1S7L' 1S7:; 1S74 . 187'. . l«7ri , 1S77 ls7s . 1S,!I ISSII 1S8I.. lsH;i. . 1SS4 l!H< I nr i.| Itiily. .Irll'MlIlT li.SlM.'.i'N .■!.|MJ,7II 4,lll'.I.IN-.' 7.-^4s.;ni l.;.li;ii.ii.:t; s.siis.;:ij: s.IiIi.Hhi .5.|ii::,:;ir. ."./-■.I.i:;n •-■.v;i,-,r( I.7'.'".,.".!'.' •", juL'.r^iT l.;!">7.iiii'i |t||ll;llili'. .•i.x!;.-j.S(;ii.7n:; ii.liii'i,7s:; S. i'l->.'''.ll V 4MML'I' oi hiitv )||li:|l>l<'. "i,l'i7 'U IJ. ill] .'IT I (■i,.;i;".,i;;;s i;;.7| iim; l,:(i;",,s;;i Iii.il'I.s'k; .. |.rr IIS |MT ll|..r ■■' I- I- IMT 111 Jirr .;l |.,.r .-' |.til" !•' 7,7"iii,Mi7 JJl s.l 77.'l,4'.i| li'J lii.Slis,c;|.'. .'■liii (HI !i:',ii,ir.'ii ir. i.'i,:i|.';.l7ii |."it s,") 1. .■■/.<•. i:;j 41 •..'■.. I.; '.ii-'ii 7iil 41 1,411 1. 1 '.7. J I i;ii,7i«i..'is7 .■'•77 111 l.:;7s,77;i 7H j^.v'.i.i.l'is '•]'< :\.\ '.i(7,'.;'ii.i.i iL'.'.iii..ii7 .':r. 7i; !i:;i),ii!m; 17 Il.iis:',:;i;| l'SIi .'is ;iiiii.l'.il Til !i .i:is,;;iiii •jjii .'W ;i;;ii.;r.s :.7 7.!ii'iL'.'.''.i.'i i ]'■''.> 'i~ l..'iii7.i'.'il 7:i lii.l'.N.i'i'iO ' "Jis ss i.7l7.ii'.i| I'.i 1l','.iV).vV", ; j-.iT.r.'.i L'.."i'.i.;.ii'.M m I7.4'i'i.|ss ! im.ii:; ■j,'.is:;,7ii:; {.t •..''i.nMi.L'71 ' i.Vi.sii ■j,I7ii.:i.:i ^T i i.7;iii.7i:7 ;i;:; :^ii • Tltl^. iL' If) ••■111-. 7..11 !..!*• ii'J rriil<-. It .,s ■•■lit--. 7.ssi;..M". '.'1 crrils. lA 11"' '•■lit- s;_'i;h ,im •.I'i i'i>iil>. ••■• I'.I •••lit-. ll,.^SL'.l';'.t '!■• I'l'iil ^ :!ti •s •••iil<. li'.,S4.;,l'.>!i Hi rent''. .'i** iiT •cuts. Lli7','l.l.V.' II riiit'. III III •out.-'. L'2.1l'.t.S|| J I I'l'llts. ■ ■! .'I'.I ■cuts. '_'ii..'.77.''77 7ii I't'lit '^ l! > ;|ii ••■lit.-. l.;.!i|L'.|ii7 i:; • Tilt ■; :'l II •cnt-. 1:;.ii|s.4l7 17 Cl'ltt^. !>< •cut-. 111,; .11 1.7: 17 7ii rt-ht'^. 'S'l :;ii •••nt>. S,'<'.ll.'.ti."i{ .»,' I't'Dl ■', : !.s Hli .,.|,|S ll.l!iii..'.M 7!l f(Mlt.<. ■ I'.I I.". ■•'lit.-. 14.i'.7l.Vi|i; I'.i ('t')lts. .-Vl lis ••'lit.-. ■Jl.t'X) ISL' III i''7 t'2 'flits. i{.i«.:;.'.i77 IL' mil-. b 7ii ■cuts. I>;.'«'.i.r/.l SI .■\(:v'rp i kt'tl^liir' S^.ll.■, 17y'rs. ) .ii'i'i U'J.i'>-<4.l4s jl.s'.C.IJ'i II 2.111.711, I'M i".-J,6;fS,6l,1 44 IMl'itl.'TA TldNS ()]■• ll.'dX \\|t .^TKMI, INTO THK IMTKD .siTATF.S. r\tl:i. t ll :) l{<'|.<'rl j.l. |.:ll. .i l.v tl..' ( 't..ittltl.'.' ..I) {■'■••ill...'. I liil.-.l .N|al.'- .'-•■nittf. Iss4 Sliiti iiiriil ill I III- ill II lln film -■ III iiiifiiiiliil ill III mil/ ^1,1 1 1111,1 iiiiiiiiiiiiriiiri ■< tin n ni , i iiti ii ll tin- miniiiiii jit inn in lln I' n ilnl Stillm^ iilitliiliil'i tinttl illtl-lis liii- imiili illilli I •iiistililiitinli tliiil irilliili'iiiriiln limn ifii i-ilinliHi Itii' nnlslliit jil inn , till' iii'i riiili iiifi'. Ill ilnlit, mill iiiiinnntH nl ilitlii iiiiirnl; iilsn tlif rtiiiiiiiiiiil inn niiil Jnlif /nr fiifiitii nl fin/niliitinn, ilniinil tin liniil mms • inli ,1 .Inni ^lll /;■•.../ jM'.T /.. l»s:;. imln^n;. .Niil'l^:.- Ill till- .■' 11 1 -II nil. I i.. II ••! in. II |.it •■ i|iil;i. :i.|.|i i.in.il hikI i|i-iTiiniii:il iii:r .Intv i- c.v.lihlc.l. 'I'lh' c-tiiii:itc nl' |.i.l.iil:ili..ii i- iiiii.li^ l..\ h;. I!, hill... . l.'-i|., A.^liiif\ ..1 ilii^ 'I'n^iisiirv li^'|.:iiliiii^iil. In lS7ii :iii.| IsHii tin. |i..|.nhitiiiii \\;i,-^ cniinici'iitc.l. rcii.li^.l.li lS(i7 . ISllS isi'.li . 1x711 1S71 . is7li .. lH7:j .. 1S74 .. l«7'i .. 1S7I1 .. 1S77 .. 187H .. 1H7..';.'il.MKi 47, .'.!l.'. .IN II I 4H.si'.,';,iiiiii ;-ii,|.v.,7s:; ;'il,|lij,llll(l .'■>'_',7!tlt,IMIII .".4,lliS,IHIII S .!iiiri.'27."i .".21,;;! 12 ,1177.171 ,4S'.i,l!ili ,'2.")r.,12ii ,S!lil,|.".7 .;;:;;;.l-is ,7ii'.i,;i|.". ,174,214 .87l.;«") 'l'l*> 'l'.i|.;fi;.". JlUv'ISIl ,4."il,.-.74 .!i'.lS,2ii7 ,8:!7,.'^7i) 21 2S, ,'")2 ;;i 211, 12, III, s, 9. 4"., ."ll, 5;!, 411, A\ • r:i(.n. i';il^. ..1 •liit\ llr.jin.iry • Int.v reeci\c.|. • '..n-^ninptidn I'CI CMpilll (.1 In'c iind hilly pi'r ciipitii. ilnlilll.le. 4."i.!ili |,ci- Pent ll,47i,;;si •'.;• ii;i ociits ;il i'.:i cents. IS 111 [.••ri'cnt lii.si;;. ■ I'.I 21 ceiils. 2:1 ::;i cents. l;i -Jl iK^fccnl i;;.si> 71 '.'n cents '■'*'> <») cents |i. ;>.! per (•••lit )-'..l2.".. .„ s| Jii i-cnts ;'.;i 2:; ••(•Ills. 4.! 1 1 per cent h.ii.'.x.iisi liiii ;;-"i cents 47 17 cents. II |.. per cent , 2l.n'22,l'J7 l;iO.'Jft cents ..;: ;i!ic^^nis. '11 HI per cent ls.-.':;7,;;s!i 1-17 17 cents 4.'^! 7;> •■cuts. ;;i 4ii per (•••III lii,;iJii,4iHi ■Sil '.HI cents 2"i Is eeiil.s ;!< 'Js |.cr .•(■III l'.,SI I.L'IKI 4il 47 cents. I:"i 17 ceiit.s. ;iii 21 per •■(•111 ■l,lil!il,S'.ill 2S.III eent>. Ill L'S cents. ..p s| pciccni. :;.,iM,sir, 21 !i2 cents 8 Ii7 cents. ;!S ll ricr ('('111 ;;,'2s(),ii|s 17.77 cents •> .84 cents. ;'.7 '.1. pel- ••cut . ;;,i;si.ii!ti lii 1.2 cents 7 4."i.^eiils 12 I'.i {••■rcciit. l'.i.l.Mi,ii2.'i W.M ••cuts :;s 2-.cents. ■11.(1 per •■••111 -l.|ii2,.'-i;;i W "1! nts 11 71 ccnfs. 41. 1 7 per cent 24,17."i..".47 HI2 27 cents 4;"> 71' eeiit.s. 411 l>;l per ccnl It5,."i!iil..5li4 7". 40 cents. ;ill ti:! centi>. lltV I'C'lltS .IMlts. ri'lils mil." ■nit.^ I'i'lltS. I'l-lltS I'lllls cents ii'llts iM'llt^- crllfs. ri'ills. cent!' TOTAI- I M POUTS ANl/ FA'l'OilTS FOl; THK DOMINION. 10/) W X 03 'T ^ TJf ^- *^ ^ a S ■5 « y "• CI — < 1^ Tl '^ f-H C r. •— -r T I ," Ti :■: : 1- r I - A -r C Ti I- r. " I tt ic - 1 ~. -^ I - :t 1- -r -f iT I - ~ :t r :■; I - ^r I - ~ r. -f- 11 -t< f 1 c. -f :' i O -^ i~ "'. •-; /.' 1^ .r' r c I - 1 - • ■ '* - I -■ T cT ~ cr •.; — r. /. 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'—. * I -f, "'■"'■■—''" -^ -- s"*" - '-':'/.' c' -f' I -'-' z' -f' I-"? f;-:' -i^ c-"—' r'l- -— :l — t'ft-fi-r. — '— Cl-i-i-i-i--?i:-r - /■ — — — — ^-Mtltl— ',-.— I — r-lTITiri?! iZ. i^ ': en c« to « -I = E 5 - ^' -C r. — *- H S -f iT ~. -^ I- .— 1 CI ct c ti r- 1^ I- Z ~ Ti cc -r ^ tt I - ri X X X -r •; X T I -r -T C "1 -r • — . ~. •".-■. '1 '^! '' *!*'v—. ''. "t,'" •'.'* -. -- ^ r.' 1-' -f 2.1 s' I-" '"' — —"(,"■' -^ -r ~' ^' -•' "t Lr ■^ -p^-t; X S -r c 1 1 r - 1 ••: i 5; T — "•■, ~ 1 ". — I'C i~ I - J •-1 Ti t"i Ti -" ;■; r" 7 X w ,— ;'- •— X 1-1 . Tl X. :■: I- IT X :t r- -f z M ►-= CO j3 PG X X ~ 1— -T r I T 1 1 - ■:: - c IT iT "1 r r ~. .x_ I - -r vr cc •_ r^ r._^ "t, ■ 1 "— . ■ 1 T A * ! '. "X, i I-' -r t* c: —J c:* ^ -c' -c^ 1 T 'i •—' --<' ::' 1 - iT 'Z - -.r 1 - i- i~ :■: X iT X -c I - T I r. -H ~. :- y; r ^ I- w^'t" i<"fjPj^J— 'iC -"k^ — ■ — Ti- x'tT x"— «' M ifT -c I - I - X X X ' - CC 1 ^ I - I ^ .X - c ~ r. CC T. O i-> ■M CO -f iT C '- Xj ~ C rt Tl CC -r 1^ I^ I, I, I, I - I, I, |, I, yj X X XX X X X X/ X X Xj X X) X CO X X X X M i Tl ■i5 CO i^ ^-1 l^*^ -r * 1 t.^ CO ^ *c 0^ -r ^ T" a ■^ u CO — X M "A. s Oi Oi O yj .0 t6 .2 0- t. HH ^ .^ 01 ill t|i •/) e« CS >< h "-J ^ w ■< •< *. :i: !• \' ImMc yivt's I 111' i)in(ln. lidii t>\' Ti-j;' Iron. Slt-rl uiid ('(>;il. ill llii' iiHii :in- roimtiii's ul' Ihr world, in tlic most n'tciil yi'Mis I'or w liidi .stiilistics mit iiv :iiliil»lt'. I']ii!4li>li Ions t>l •J.JJM iHiiimls .ii'i' iiM'd ill uisiiiii' III*' sl;iti>tirs (il (irciit Uriliiiii, llif I'liilt'd Sillies, liiissiii, mid " ol lu-r ;iry lo (liiiiiii'c the ol!iii;il jiniircs.' I'hi lliiiV. tdl M'JIN. V.'iii, (iicat r>ril;iin ]ss| ruitfii SImIc |ss.( (icrillMMV Mini I.UNtllllMTi.'. ■ ■ 1SS4 JTaiiif IsS-l r.cl'_'iniii 1N,S4 An.slria and liuii'^iii\ iss;', liiissia ". |ss-_' Swell iss;i Spain l.s.s:; Italy IKs:', otiiiT ( 'niiiilncs |ss;i Total si'i;|.:i,. 'I'..l s. 7..")'.'s ! II III 1,(1! 17 SI IS 1 ".", l.s.v. L'I7 7:'.s 1 1 1.". 701 ii:;7 I'.IS mil i:;'.i Mi'n .'»!» .1 M It 1 1 .')( »,( K )( 1 lU ~",7 *V'\ s •. |S,S4 |s,s.4 is.s:; iss I I ss I iss;; I SSL' iss:; is::; I SSI lss:i ,snl,ini ..Viii.sy'.i .iii;n,.v.il .Mill,.". Ill I7ii,sii:! ii7i,7:;:: L"J.".,14ll I ill, .Ml.") •Jlii :;,ii;;ii lit 1,(1(1(1 i,7r)L',n.". 1 I 'o A 1 Vr;ir. T.Ml; 1S.S4 liiii,7.")7,si,-) issi '.I!I,S.-,1,S(I7 iss;; 7II.II--M11.S 1 ss J -ll,l'_'7.'_'(l!l 1SS4 is.dll.diiii iss:; 17.(il7.!iiil ISSl' ;;,74L',:;so ISSL' •J.Ml.llllU 1 SSI 1 sl7,li.'S iss-j •.'•.'ii.iiiiii iss:; s,i II 1(1,01 10 3!l!l,:!tJ7.i)48 EXPLANATION OK Till-] T\r,I.KS. Ill the prc^cdinii' tiihlcs. my cndiMVOUv luis Ixh'Ii to siiuplily th(^ stati^sti(■.s of the importiitioits o[ iron, stoid and lUiiiiui'aclun's thcn'ol', by cla.s.sii'yiiiii' them as lav as practicable, under the roUovving" heads: 1. Iron, etc. 2. 8teel. 3. IJilils, etc. 4. Castiiiti's and fovgin^s. '). (!utlery and edi^e tools, etc. 6. Hardware niid inanul'actures. 7. Machinery and en<.;iiies. Th(^ iiuportaiions of coal, i'ollowed by tlie exports of coal and iron, etc., complete the returns. The llrst tables of " Imi'okts koii IIo.MK CoxsTTMPTio.N " gi\(^ ail annual enumeration ol" llie various articles under e;icli hciiding". Each article is named, th' quantity, or measure ol" Aveiuht, iind value iriven, tlic rate ol" duty, il' dutiable, or ' Extract Iroiii the Anmial Kcpoit of the Aiin'ricuii Iron ami Steel As.soi'iatioii, l.S,S5. TFIK \Vni!i,l)'s I'lJi >l)r(Tr D^T^ . AVe now come to the •• Dktmi-s ol' Tmi'oi.'Tations," wherein par- ticulars of IMc, ii;oN, IM'iii)[,Ki) r»Ai;s, Wwis a.vd U'ods, Ikon a.\i> Stkki. RAiii,<, the countries from which these articles conn- in\oic('d. the Proviine into which they were entered, as well as the weights and values are "ivi-n. In addition the annual average value, per ton of liJMin pounds, or per Inindredweiu'ht ol iMtl pouiuls, has been wn)rked <»ut. I^'ractional parts of a t all tln^ distances i annot be verilied, but subsecjuent to that year the figures are olHcial. Two tid)les of ' Exports " liivinu' the annual returns siuce Cou- federation arranii'cd «onsecutively, are followed by three records ot " The Coal Trade of the Dominion:" The statistics of the Imports, Exports and l>omesti<' Pr»>duction of Iron. Steel and Coal of the Dominion of Canada, beinu supplemented )»y three statenu'uts show- inii' laK IKON. submit ((» tho vt'fo ol" iiuturc ;iii'iiiii.st thf tultiviitioii, o\\ our lands, of sny'o, tt'a or oraiiii«!>^. Natun', liowcx cr, most assuredly, jiiis not phut'd any suth veto on I he uiiiuul'arture of iron in (Uii- houiiniou, hut, on the eontrary, has. in rerhiin |>i»rtioiis ol' our doiaain. most hountilully endowed us with all the essentials lo the sueeessrui opeialion ol' this j^real industry, it is we oursi'lves who, thiounh our ai)atiiy. want of knowlediie, or throuiih delective leiiislalion, iiave so lonu' failed, and are still railing', to duly reconni/e the innnense possihilities whieh lie. within our easy reach, hut which, in our bliudiu'ss, we Tail to !j;rasp antl develop as we should do. The rehition ol" the various attemi>ts to nmke iron in this country presents a sad record oi' loss and disappointment, ol' blasted hopes and shattered fortunes. These enterprises a[)pear generally to have been luulertaken by men of eneruy and ability, — but, unable to make headway against the competition of older countries, thev had, one after anothei', to succumb. This persistent adversity of l':itt>, at first, strikes oiu' as strtiuiic, aiul. somewhat naturidly, inclines one to assume tluit our c*.»untry, so successful in many other lines of m:inu- bicture, must, inlu'rently, suffer I'rom soiue economicid condition adverse to the successful prosecution of th(> iron industry. This though would, in fact, be a very erroneous coinlusion. and against it wt> );iust carefully be on our guard. He. ho\vever. who. in this matter, studies thoughtfully the relation 1x4 ween cause and eflect will, we think, not fail to perceive that the true cause of the past and i)reseivt unsatisfactory position of the iron industry of Canada lies, not in any natural defects, not in the want of the necessary ways and m(>ans, but rather in the defective and unsound legislation against which this particular industry has, for so long, had to struggle. The examina- tion of tariffs will reveal that our iron manufactures hiive been far less favorably dealt with than many other industries iu)t more impor- tant, and that it is to the very scanty measure of protection hitherto accorded, that the peristent ill-succ»'ss of this industry may, reason- ably, be chielly attributed. A gdance at the tubulated st.'itements will convince nny one, that our consumption of iron is huge enough to justily Ihe erection of a number of works and factories, and that, there should be at least fci/ thousand more men employed in this industry than there are to-day. In discussions upon the <|uestion of the manufacture of iroji, pig and bar iron, are frt!queutly spoken of as ntio malrriah. This though is not the case. Pig iron and bar iron stand in the same relation to the I NOTES ON TIIK M A NUKACTri.'K OK IHON. Ill fbiiiidryinaii and bliirksinith, Ihal n'liiu'd sui-ars do to tli.' <()iif't'(tioin'r, or cotton and woollen cloths to the divssniakcr and tailor ; and the rela- tive importance io the country ueiieially of tjiese nianulactures is vi'ry much in I'avor ol' iron lor llu> lollowin-j' reasons: — We possess in unlimited abundance, the actual raw materials, , by the transport of such im- mense quantities of goods. 1^: r '. CHAFPEU VI. Iron ore^ nrc tlir luiutMul IVoiii wliicli both iron ;iiul stcfl arc (Icrivt'd,— tln'v :nt' of various (|ualili('s and descriptions. Comrncr- cially to l)c ol valnc, llicy must ronlain a certain proportion of metallic iron, and he free from, or not contain more tiian a ceiiain proportion, of alien and deleterious substances. Iron ores are sold on iiuaranteed analysis as If) tlu' percentaii'c of metallic iion, pliosi)horus, carbon, sulphur, aiul silicon which they con- tain ; the most important beinij;- metallie iron and phosphorus. \ mer- chantable ore is one ciuryinu' 50 to ("».') j)er cent, of metallie iron, and no />lios/>hiinis, or merely a trace of the hitter. These ores can be sold by the '■ unit,"' a "unit "" bi'iu'j,- simply a per cent. Vov instance, .")<) per (•eut. ore, at eight cents per unit, would be worth.s4.00 per ton of 2.240 pouuds ; at eiuht and a half cents i)i'r unit, the value would be i»i4.2">, and so on. If the ore should analyse below •")() per cent., a reduction in value of course would occur, but the buyer would not be bound to receive the ore at all, should the analysis fall below say 4.'» per cent, metallit- iron. This is the practice in the |lnit(>dStates, whi're in most cases the ores have to be carried long' distances. In England and on the <'ontineni of luirope, where tln' ores have not to be carried so far, a considerable portion used do not contain over -"JO per cent of metallic iron. These ores are found in connection with coal, and the exceed- ingly low prices at which they ean be sold, makes up for the small amount of iron they contain. Mr. I. Lowthian Uell in his recent work, " I'riuiiples of the manu- facture of Iron and Steel,' works out the average yield of native ores in the United States as beiuii' r)S.25 of metallic iron in the year 1.SS2, and, ealeulated in the same way, the average yield of British ores was .KLOl per cent, and of im]iorted ores into Jh'itain 52 per cent. The prici' of iron ores viu'ies generally with the state of the iron trade and fluctuates very considerably. In sonu' countries the ores and all miui'rals belong t(» the crown, and in others to the individual owners of the soil. In Canada both systems occur, some of the proviutes legislating one way and some in the other. Fuels. — lu all the dillerent processes iu the nianufacturt! of iron NCVi'KS ON THE MANT'IACTII.'K OK IliON. ']' aud sicel, urt'at lit':tl is it'cjuiri'd, ,s(» lluil tlu' qiK'sliou of I'lid is m Vfiy iinportimt oiif. ('hiirconl made IVom wockI, hiluiiiiiKms (oal. both raw and ( okt'd. and anlhracilt' coals, arc tlic riirls ('ni[)loy»'d. In SvvM'dcn last luniacc may he routihly art IVom the gases whiih, l)y the « oml)ustiou and the arliliiial blast, are uenerated and given oil", and which weigh I'rom live to se\en tons, per ton of iron made. F//i.irs. — In order to promote the fusibility of the ores, a llux is ad(h'd. Limestone is very geiu-rally used for this purpose, but it of course de])e)Hls upon the <'hemical composition of the ores as to wliat substance will ad as a llux. The enormous wciuhls and (piantities of matiMials used in snudiing iron lu'ci'ssitale the use of some sub- staui-e which can be i>rocured cheaply ami in very large (pianlities, and limestone is generally obtainable. If tlie ores ai'c " lean," that is. are nol rich in metallit' iron, and tlie fuel has a large percentage of ash, it follows that it tiikcs mon> fuel to melt and liipiify the minerals, and consecpiently costs more than if this w^as not the case, and now, in tiie most ap|)rovcd [)r;ictice, the ores, before being used, are often washed, and still moic fre<[uently roasted, and the coal, which is usually nnule into coke, is often crushed and W'.ts lied before beinu' coked ; the objeets in both cases l)eing to purify the materials and gel rid of all su]>(M'I1uous matter It is most iniportani that the fuel should be hard and strong so as to resist the enormous weight it has to sustain, some bliist, furnaci's being capalile of holditig I. ()<)(> tons of material. The product of iron ori's may be broadly separated into three (dassoK of mati'rials, viz : — I'ig or Oa-st Iron, liar, AVrought or Jiolled Iron. And Steel. 8 lU NOTKS i^N THK M AM' I" \( rUUK OK Il.'OX. Earli of these may be subdivided into various braurhcs, Imt. in this outline, we may not, and d<> not, aim at liivin^- ol" these m«>i(> llian a V(n'y ucnt'ral idea. Chemitally pure iron is not made, and wouhl not br lit for use : but it is in eomltinalion with very small and varyinu,' proixulions (»[ earbon, and almost iuiinitesimal proportions ol other elementary sub- stanees. sueli as suli)hur, silicon. i)hosphorns, nianyanese, «S:('.. that, the vaiious <|ualities of east anoled, it Itecomes tin; " I'iii' Iron" of commerce. All foundries usi' j»ig- iron, which, when re-melted, can be cast into innumerable shapes, sueh as stovi's. pots, pans, kettles, gas, water, soil pipe, &;»'. Cast Iron eoutains from 2.00 to 4.7;> percent, of carbon: avIicu broken, shows a cri/stii/it/r fracture, is hard, generally brittle, liisilih' at a high temperature, but neither iiinlhahlc nor capable of being^'c/r/w/ at any temperature. Cast Iron Seraj), when melted in the foundry cupola furnaci', with a certain proportion of ut'w pig' iron, is suitable for a great many purposes. CoM.MKKriAT. Classii-icvtion' iw l'i(i Iron. "It is usual to distinguish the various (pialities of i)ig iron as delivered from the blast furnace l)y dill'ereiit marks or uundjeis, which indicate to the forge or foundry manager tlu> g'rad(> or Ai:, \VRniT(}iiT, oi; liniiLi':i) I Id IN can he producctl in two wavs. cither hy the (finr/ treatment ol tcrtain ores in a joritc lire, ov hloomary I'urnacc, or iudimllf) hy the lininti' ami pmhllinu' ol' |)ii'' or cast iron in a puddling' lurnace. The lormer method is used to a small extent, with charcoal as I'liel : it was the earliest way y heiiig passed thiouuh rolls and coincrted into various shapes, lllacksmiths use wrouii'hl iron, which is I'ttrged and hammered into horse slu es, anch(»rs, chains, holts, nuts, spikes, nails, plates, sheets. I'orgings, ..Sro. liar or wrought iron contains I'rom only traces to o.J.'> per cent, ol' carhon; wluMi hrokeii shows w Jihroiis Iracture, is touiih. und malleahle when red hot, and is capahle ol' !)eing irrhhil at a high lemi)eralure. W'ouLiht Iron Scrap i an he re-worked hy heinn' cut up into con- \ t'liient si/.ed pieces, heated and then rolled or hammered. Old iron rails have supplied a large ([uantity ol' scrap in Canada. The ti'ade in AV^rought (sometimes called Malleahle) Iron may he suh-divided into the I'ollowing classes: ri;i)i)i,Ki) 1>\KS, ]\li;iv'cii v.\"i' l).\i;s, I'lviks, SiiEi'^rs, Honrs, and 8i;('i'ioi\.\i- li:o.\s, such as A.nc !,!•: irons, Tek Irons, Ukvms or .joists, and numerous other iorm.s or shapes, rolled for special [)ur[)oses. "The current rales lor wrouuht iron are hased upon certain accustomed conditions as to shajx', dimensions, and weight of each l)iece. it' anything outside or dilieienl I'rom these ct»nditions is re(|uired hy the purchaser, extra i)rices are chargiHl. which in some cases bear a high proixu'tion to the nominal cost ol' the iron, and indeed in some cases the i)rolit ol'the maker lies in these " extias." ' S'ri':i:i, is produced in several way^^, sometimes directly I'lom the ore, more IVeqUi'iitly I'rom cast iron, and also I'rom wrought iron; its exact composition and (jualities are not t-asily delimxl, there being so ' "Mathesou's Aiil Book." JiOmluii, JSsi, p. KUi, i: ■"M llfi NOTKS ON THE MANU KACTI ' l.'K UK IIJON, many Tariotio.s. II may 1m' said in consisi of vciv pui(> iron with varying' pLTt'onlagos ol' caibitn ol' IVom O.l (,» \:2'> prr cful . It can hr made to wold or not, to Iiardcn or not, if plnniifd when red iiot into water or oil. It can Jje cast, or it can hi' roilcih and rci-iil [)roccsscs ol' manulactun' havi' reduced the cost ol i)ro(huti(tn to such an extent, that in a great varitdy of ways it is taking the place of holhcast, and also wrought iron. tScrap Steel, to he utilized, lias usually to l)e le-uiejted, cmsI into ingots and rolled; sonu' is. Iiowever, im])orled of the right dimensions to roll at onci' into a linished article without any additional cost, except shearing' to length. "Steel has three main (piaiilies which distinguish it IVom iron — (1) Its superior strength : (2) its durahility or resistance to wcai- or abrasion; and (-'5) its capacity lor beinu' ti'nipered, altliough for this purpose the mild steel used in structures is not suiiai>le. It is its strength which renders steel suita]>le for sirui tun-s (ships, bridges, roofs. ^;c.): its strength and resistance to wear whicji adapt it lor ])oilers and machinery; its durability against abrasion, whidi nuikes it so valuable for rails, railway-points, whccl-tires. and toothed wheels; and its highest (piality — the cai>aciiy for being tenijxred — which distinguishes j from all other materials, as alone suitable for cutting-tools and springs. So with'ly diileicut are tiie old and new processes by which steel is made, and so subtle and minute the causes which produce wide dill'erences of (piality. that e\en tin nanu' itself S/eel has become a siibject-matter for dispute, and one in whi maiiutathm' of iron may 1)0 ln'iclly li'ivcii as lollows. The hislorv of the iron trade in Groal r>rilain may be called tlic hisi(n'y <>l' tin' iron lra, y other ])<'oplo previously, but \\ilh«>ul sur. ess. In the year 1740, there were only /if/i/-//itir l/intKiis \u l"]iiL;Iaiid and Wales, and their /o/ul anniKtl iiroducl was only 17,-'>;'')iMons, or an annual averaine and the siibstitulion of iron cylinders for leathern bellows, the aveiaiic weeklv make in 17.\ tons per furnace. Of the total annual »|uantity [noduced — xw... (1S,8()(» tons — about four- liflhs was smelted with coke and the icMUiunder with charcoal. "Such were the insiniiilicant proportions of a, trade, now^ so vast, when, about the vear i7>'4. another inventor. Jlenry Cort, rendered as important scivice to the manufacture of malleable iron as Abraham Darby had allbrdi^d to the sunlit inu of the ore, 'i'o his iu'renuit)' we owe I he Li'rooved rolls and the puddlinu' process of o n works, and it is no xaLiii'cration to say, that to these two inveniions wh' are mainly iiulebted for those chanj^es which sei)arate so sharply the last forty or iil'ty years from the world's pr»'vious social history. With no better implements than llu' hearth and the fori^e hammer, as they are used to this day in S\vN, ;i liiiiil lo thr aid these Iwoiiriiclt's liii\ (' atlordt'd lu the iiiiprecedeiiltal .sliides wliieh liiive been iiiiide duiiii^' I lie period rel'eried to ^" Within se\(')i years of the iiilroductioii of ('ort's invent ions, " Ad.OiH) tons of pig- iron were annnally converted "' ' l>y liis jn-ocesses. Tn ISjC Sanniel liahlwin math' a very important improvement in the puddlinii' liunace, "by suhst ilniing' Ibr the sand bottom of Corts. one of iron. proteetiMl by a<'oalinu' ol' oxide ol' iron. This *' a(hled tj^reatly lo the durability of the rurnare as wtdl as to the (pialily id'lhe l)ro(luet." ■ In is-js, James lleannionl Neilson invented tin' ''hot blast." Up t(» tliis linn' the air nercssary I'oi' the combuslion of I he i'nel had been Tort ed or blown into tlie I'nrnaee. <-old. " Wilhin I'onr years of Ihe introdnelion ol'Ihe lint blasi, the fnrnaecs al the Clyde Works, in Sc(»tland, were rnnninti' more than (h>ulde llieir lornier make, wilhonl recpiirinu' more fuel fur the iaru'er than for Ihe snndh'r eratures '" ' "The introdnelion i trade."' Si In IS.")"> Sii' Henry liessemer invented a pr oee name, and w hi.h revolutionised the ma lleabl e iron w Irad hieh bears his e. as l»v llll.- process steed could be produced more cheaply than malleable iron "' ''In Sir Uenrv liessemer's ingeuiously contrived apparatus. Ihe circumstances connected with the evolution of heal are ureativ modi- lied, by pouring a vast volume of air very quickly through the molten iron. The combustion of the carbon and silicon ]>ec(»messo lapid that the tem]»eialure of the mass rises lo a ])ili'li of intensify sullicieni to maintain even malleable iron in a i>erfeclly liepiid slate." '"The \ioleiil heal in Ihe llessemer comcrler depends, as we have n the oxidation or cond>uslion of the silicon andcail)on in the This fact, therefort\ iiei'essaril v liniils Ihe use (»f this seen, o original piu' process to iron c<»ntaining a siillicient <|uantity of fhese two elements, or of some suitable substitute, tlic^ Imrninu' of which serves to melt the steel. If a system of producing steel is lobe pursued, in which from the nature of the materials em])loyed if is impossibh* to generate the heal in the manner of the Besscnner converter, then the use of Bi-.ll, !•. 15. I'.ell, 1.. lo. Boll, p. i; iSeli, 1). lil. Boll, P- NOTKS (»\ TIIK MANrFVCTUKE OF IKON. 11!> tlu' this 'Ills, llU'lt. hi»'h •rait* is»* ol' 1, p. -Ji). ordiiijiry I'licl hrcoini's uniiV()iiistiU(tt'ul(l br \ <'ry threat (lilli<'iilly in luaiii- laiuiuij;' a sicady Icnipcratun' of the piopcr iiilfiisity."' ' " 'I'ln'si' lit iron in a stale oT perfect fusion, " " " huiinu' llie thirty-live yeais or thereabouts, which followed the appliciition of heated air to the snieltinu' of iron, little or no improve- ment was elil'ctcd in the const met ion ol the necessary appliances." ' ■"rhe next, however, and a Ncry importanf one it pi'oved to be, is due to a I'^renchmiin, 1\[. Fabre Dufur. Ife was the lirst to utilise lh(^ vast, volume of llame which Hashed from the throats of our older blast furnaces, li^htini;' up the sky and the country for miles round the u'l'eat centres of their ojn'rations." 'i^lu' g'as was used I'or raisinu- steaui aud heating- the Idast. and ellected a \-ery ureat economy in this way. " The hiiiher and more reoular temperatur(> nniintainiHl in the blast, is the ca vise of a notable saving' of coke in the furnace, and in the matter of labor it has been found that in an establishmeni of twelve fuinaces it saves the work of thirty men or more, who were formerly enuaged in coaling the fires of the l>lo\vini;' enuine and hot air stoves. ' ' "Hitlu'rto the limit, to which the blast had been heated was that imposed by the power of the iron pi[)es to resist the action of the lire. This impediment was remove*! by Mr. E. \. Cowper's proposal to adojit the regeJierat ive |>rincii)le of Messrs. Siemeus, in which brick work w^as raised to a hiu'h tem]»erature, and the heat thus stored up w^as then conveyed into the furnace by passing- the air over the hot surface of the bricks." ' " Tl will be useful at this plac»^ to glance attheeU'ecl producinl by the various improvements in iion smelting referred to. For this i)ur- pose 1 have extvatted from dill'i'rent sources an approximate statement of the weekly make of a blast furnace in is:]."), 184'), iSoo and 18(55, together with !he (juiuitit}' of coal reckom^din its riiw^ state, required to make a. ton of iron. ' Hell, p. -JO. • lifll, p. 24. B.-11, p. -_M. Bell, p. -21. Roll. 1.. '-•;;. ii lL»n NoTF.S UN I'lir, \i WTTKACl'TiUr. OF IRON. Tuns Ciiiiliirr Wriklv 'I'uii 111' I run. .M.I lie. Cwt-. S,') 71 » l'_>(t l.s;!.".. IIniL'lit liMii .'.(( t'iM'.t, i'.i|.:iiit\ ."i.ditO ciilpic fcpi. I'.la.st, cdld |.S4r). .lilt. p. ilill.i. .lill.i. I'.liisi MMirtO'K. IS.V.. dilln rlilln. .lilt... r.llisl ;l| soil I''., aihl iisiii'.'' ilic I'Si .i|iini; '-'Msi's I'nr sii'am mihI Iml ;iir.. ;'>'J(i li'J |.si;.">. Ilci'/lil "^(1 ('.•.•I, iMiiihilN •-•(t.lllMt .•111. ft. r,l:i-l ;it l,(H)(l K... j.'.O 111 ,"..'.11 10 III nil lli.'M' .'X;iiii|ilc.'^, 111!' iiiin.'iiil imdiT Irnil iin'iil is siiitijo.scd lo III' (>nliii;ir\ il;i\ iron .sl.tuc. yicldiiiL;' nhoiil torly-t\v<» p.T tciil . ol' iron ill its ("ill ill. '(I sliitc. WIu'Ii iiiiui'iiil ol' ii rifluT dt'scriplioii jind more ()iiiiklv ii'dii.i'd is ('iii|)l.t\ I'd. sn.li jis lln- niiiiiiu'lj.' oro of tin' linilcd Sliilt's. ;is iiiii.h MS l,2i>0 lolls liiis Itccii nm in one w.-ok IVojii riirinnt's (•oiil;iinin" oiilv id»oiil lO.Ouo < iiltic r.'.'l." ' lOriulisli iii;i.iiur;i.l nrcrs ol' |iiu- ir.»n Iimvc ('Xi'<'|)I ion;d :id\ :inl:ii>'.'s. .ipiiil Iroiii ili.'ir iiniiii'iisc nciiki't. cin'iijuit'ss ol' produclion (owiiiy' lo tin' sii.ifl dislnii.c ol' .iiriiim.' to l»riiiy the ore riicl iind llnxcs loiicthor) uiul low w .iii.'s Tlic .'X. .'ptioind ;idvimtauvs spolcou ori)t'iii«i' spciially : lilt' low i;ili' .il inicn'sl wliicli is .urnMil, lln' ciislom ol' s.-iliiiti' piu iron on ■ w;nr:inls, " niid Ihc low IVi'luliI rules wlii.li iir<' siiwiivs ol)l;iin!il»li' lor fxporl In llif sMiiit' \\;iy lii;il Ihc liou' '^= iniiy !>•' ri'uiirdi'd ns '' n coiiicii- tr;\t('d loriii ol ..nil." piLi' iron ni:iy he looked upon :is concriil liiled (•o:il. iron ore mid liinestoiie, nhoitl live Ions ol" miiiernl iiiiikinL;' one loll ol' iron. ;ind as these niiiiei.ds hav.' to he duo- out of Ihc eround, il could he proved I hat o\.'r SO i)ei'cent. ot the value ol' piy iroii (and HO per cent, ol' har iron) li.tes I'or way'cs. This praclicallv means tlnit cash is re(piired to pay these waucs, and that, unless a ready sale is found for the iron, an iinincnse invest incut speedily ensues, as a hlast fiirnare wli.'ii once started < aiiiiot be stopped witliout scri(»us collsc(|Uell( es. 'I'he cusloiu of the trade is ton'ive six nionths ci'cdit on till' purclias.' of pii;' iron, and the rate of interest hciii!^" low iu l"]imlaiid. thev iit I his :i(lvinit!ii>'t' is sniiiU • oiiiparcd wil.h Iho system in npcratioii in tin- lliref lari>'i'st iron tenirt's ill (lit'ai ilrilaiii, vi/., thai ol' sclliiiu' on mirniufs. Ill Ihf market repn.-ls, in most daily newspapers, '' warrants" are (pioted hy eahje reports. ,ind the initials (!. M. li. are often to bo seen ill roniiectioil wil h I lie priees. In (rlas<_'(»\\ . Mid(llesl»ur()Ui;'h and Workiiiii'toii there are ojlicial stores lur the reception of piy- iron, where it is examined and recei\ ed, il' lip to the ordinary standards. Wiirranls are I hen issued, each wanaiil represents r»(l(i Ions, oT whieh ihree-liilhs are lor No. I pig. and Iwo-lil'lhs lor N "J piu". This is the (llasyow practice, The.se warrants are iieiidi iahle documents and are indeed the chiel' nKMJiiini of si»eciilati(»n, as well as ol l.iiilimate Imyinu' and selling' on the ( I laSi^vnv exchange The letters (J. M. 15. stand lor "(rood Merchant- able lirands. ' The iron the warrants represeni is cpioted at so mucli l)er ton on the niaikel. and a buyer may purchase any (|uaiitity — not necessarily the lull amount represented by the warrant. The custom seems to be lor the I r(»n-masters to deliver free inio the store on I he same b'lins as Tree on board (f. o. b.) The chaii>'e made at the stores lor " piliiiii'. weiuhini:. loading into trucks, unload- ing', re-weiLihiicj, and luillinu I', o. b. in doik <»r on railway sidinu'. is '2.'» cents per toll, (an additional charu'e lor cartage of IJ cents is made in (ilaso'ow), which is payable when the iron is taken into store The charge for rent is one cent per Ibrlniuht oi' two cents pi>r month, or fraction of the term. The diaruv for registration oi' transfer is about 2o cents per KlO tons, or fraction of this quantity.' This custom enables makiMs to continue operations, and to have at all times a way of securini»' advances on their iron, without of neci'ssity liavinu' tlie capital to carry it, or of straining their credit to obtain funds. In the United States, the same system is in operation in two or three pla<'es on a small scale, — that is, where iron may be stored and warehouse receipts or cert ilicates obtained — but the trade is carried on in a diU'ereiit wav. and it has not been found a necessity. The amount of piu' iron held by makers and in store in (Jrinit I'ritain at the end of 1S8J was about oni' mil/ion ri<^hl, hundred IhouMind /ons. Firiii-ht Uiilea. — The question of freight rates on an article of such ' (ifinliiiir ;iiicl wiiichniiHiiitr ii'un in < ii(*iit I'rilaiii, l)y .IjinicsC. Ba\ le.t. .Tuiiriiai of tlio I'uitcd States Aasnciatioii nil iiarcoal iron \yorker3, vol. v., p. lUlo. V r. 122 N'oTKS ON TIIK M AM' FAt'l TUr, (M' II!i>.\. wt>i<>lit IIS iron, is ol" siicli iiupnrlnint' llnl il (il'lcii dfiidcs il" il is |»(»s- sil)l)> to (Ml TV oil I lie iiiMiiuriK'l urc or Mol . l']iiL>'Iiiii(l IS |>:u'l iciila riy wril siitlilti'tl. IIS ()\villL> to IliT illllllrlisc i(i|llllliT('i;l| IllM lilic, ;i ID I llCI' cllOI- inoiis impoils ol' protliuc, oul^oinL'' tmIcs urc very ol'lcii iiouiiiiiil. As an iiislaiicc, I lie (|Uo|im1 rales lor the past I Wflvc iiionllis, hy caltli' IVoiu liondoii to tilt' "Iron Ai^f'oii steam IVcii'lils lioiu (JlasLi(»\v to Nt'w \orl<, arc as I'ollctws : — issi, I'r.i! TUN. f^ *i.S(; H. (1. s. • <■' ■'> n Id'' '■■ I -I I'cliniiiry (1 iiiiii Jt . IH <■' f. (i I nil •• |-_'| •J7 7 n (■' 7 (i 1 -711 •• i -s-j Miinli 5 i; i; (" 7 11 ins " j.si.' !•_• iin.i 'Jfi lid (■' 11 o i -ji Miiy 7, II, -JI I 11 l-(i!) .Iiiiic I :; II <; :; i; 117:1 " (i s."i II (id l-.".s IS (.1 ;; II II 7:; ,Iiily •_".•, Hi ami :i() :'. H (" Id OS.") " ii!i7 Aii'jiist d ;; d (./ Ill II s.'> •• u!i7 1;; an. I L'7 ;i d d 7;: Sc,|itriiilMT;!. Id, 17 anil i-'i 2 (■> (■' :! d d-C.d " 11 7;; ( ii'lolicr 1. s, -Jl' ainrj'.i •_' li (■< :; II niiii " (i-7.". NiivciuliiT Ti, j-j ami J". •_' li (-i :;(i 11 1:11 " 11 7:; lit'ifiiiiiiT :;. 1(1, 17 aii.l ;;d 1 n d:',r,;, issri. .lamiaiy 7, 1 I and L'S 1 (> d :iii.l Fi'.hrnarv 1 Id d iid! Mr. licll in liis work. Maiiui'achirc ol' Iron and Slci'l, in Section XVTII. Chic I Iroii-I'rodiiciim' Countries ('omi)ared. [». tio [, says : — "Sonic twenty year.s ai-'o vci\ lai^c quantities ol' iron were ini- l)oi'lcd into the United Slates, almost cxclusivclv IVoin ( ircat Kritaiu. At this tiim» the total value of the imports and cxjiorts, 1 xclusivc (>!' the precious metals, I'ldiii and to the Union, nearlv Walanccd each other in point of value; lor in IS(i.'» the I'ormer were L"_M,t!i! I.Ii!'), against ^^2;"), 170,787. Im-oui the year lS<;r> |o the end ol' IS(i;t, the aveiau'e aniiiijil IVeij^ht on i)ic' iron Irom l<]niiland to New York varied from !|4.94 to !ji.').87, of itsell' a very etrcclivc protective duty to the Americau iron-mast CVS. Tn Ihe year lS7o the balance of trade had already showu sigiLs of (.onsiderable change, aud with it thi' protection allorded by NoTKs ON Tlir, MWl'KArmtK n|- IU(»1V. 12.T hiuli lu'liihts hcgMii lo «liiiiiiii>li. Tin' lullnwiiiy- Isiltlc ronipilcd I'roiii lilt' liiiurcs i^iv f'li ill tln' " l'"iiiiiiiri;il ,\liu.iii;i« " rn»iii llif icporls ol' Ihi' Aiiirrii'iin lion niid Sln-I Assoriiilioii, and IVoni inrurniiiiion Kindly supplit'd In nil' l»y I lie liinian Slcani N!ivii>a(i<)ii ('oiii|»any, is inslrur- tl\«' oil illi' (jlK'siinll Id'ToIt' us ; — I'ahii: i)J iiii/Kirfs /i/ r.r/iiir/s iiiht diid jroni llir I'liihd /xii/i^t/uiii, Iroiii uml lo I lit: Iftn'fcf/ S/iifrs, r.nfifsirr <»/ hiilliini mn/ spnir, /itiirt/nr iri/li llir ni/r^ nilrii'^Jilitii /liii' iron from I'J/tiihim/, mn/oflit'r /xir/intltirs. Is7n iiiiiM>ji~ iiKiii r s ill ll siimI' o| I imU I'.l.HIII H\|.o|t- ihio till- thr I'. H. in lliHii>niiil- ,'tl ,.">ll)i X ,■^I.SIi. s r. Kirii^lil .iMTJil-'i' nil I'ii; I 'i'-i Illl|HP||- iiilii II S. Ill' lidii mill Slci'l in lliiiiiMiiiiN III lift tiiiii< '.Iji'i 1HT is: ^7I isTii '|^^'^^•:^• 71,471 7.'l.'<',i7 i;!».".'iM 7'i,''',i'.i 4.''i,'.io7 ;ii,r.'.« :',j,'j:;s -j.'!,!!!;.' L'n.m;:; ;; S!i ;i s: i fiii I n;; ii li. 1..12.". 717 I ;«7 ' 2(H , 2:'8 IS77 IH7H 1h7',i Hsii , JHsj t t t I ^t "l Jt I I 77,S2.'') >'n*ally diniinish- t'd wciuhl ol material to he I ransportcd to A nirrica, against a ureal iiiiiease in that coniinu' IVoin Anieriea to this country- (l^lni^land.) I'iu' iron under >U( li a state of things was eonsidered as ballast, and the Urilisli iron-musters instead of paying' >;;"•. 87 ireiiiht as tliey did in 1S<>7, were only cliaruvd 42 cents in lS7t;. In other words the Amer- ican iron-masters lost •^i').M') per ton ol'the natural protection allorded to them j)y the cost id' t rauspui't ing- ISritish pig" iron to New Vork."' "Now it is needless to say that such rates of freje-ht as were paid on pit>' iron in 1S77 and 1S7S, vi/., 7-') cents and (10 (M-nts, inv(dv< so far as the actual expenses of navi'jation from the I'ritish Isles to New \'ork are concerned, a Very ureal loss to the ship-owner, which loss is reindmrsed by an increased charge for Iraiisixnl on the return cargo. To show how thisoporates, I have compared two years, vi/., 1S77. when the freight on pig- iron averaged T-) cents from Liverpool and CUasgow. with 1S81, when it was !|2,8() from the former port, aud !i!;2.11) from the latter. ■■HHIilll! 124 NOTES ON THE MANUFAflTURE OF TRoN. Averiio'(^ Frciuhl from Now York to Livori)ool lor the \ oar 1877 and 1881:— (■mill pnliusii. Ccitldii Oliccsc liiiiiiii ''" l'>^- |MT 111. iMTliiii. per Inn. 1S7T 18,S1 ^IL* 74 SO r.L' $!» S!! $7 4(1 ''^ •">" ;'>s ."i 77 4 7ij I'.Tci'iil. IVri'ciil. I'lTi't'iil. I'ur (■(-■lit. IK'crcast'.iflssl (•(iiii|i;nt'(l \\i 1S77. -ist, 40 7.1, 5(1 The iiicrcitscd oo.sts orinuispori, ol'cour.st' toiiK^ out ollho pockois of ihc auricullunil populalioii of Iho Unilod Stales." ' A consideraMo ()iiaiility of pi^- iron is annnally bronuiil out on "ship's accounl,"" 11s hallast, and sold at any j)ri((' ii will bring-. ' Bell, !>. ii(l7. CJIAlTliK VIII. IIow oiiiKi; CorxTiMKS iiavi: I'\)steukd the Ixdi'strv. l^t'giiiniiit;- willi (Ileal llritaiu, wc will lirst sec h(»\v siie i)iot»'iit'(l hcrscir, and IhiMi noli! llic rcsull. The lollowMiiii' iiri' cxliarts IVfuii " Si rivi>ii(tr\s History ol" the Iron TriuU'," a staiulnrd aiithoriiy on liii' siihjcct.' The lirsl K'uislalion was made in thf i'ourtecnth rcntury. " By an acl passfd in I he ■JSIJi year oi' l"]dward Ihc Third, no iron inannrac- luri'd in i'inii'land, and also no iron ini]torli'd and sold, could he carried out oi'lhe counlry. under penjdiy on'orleilinu' doul)le to the King-: and the inaii'ist rates were empowered to regidate the sellinii' ])riee and to punish lllo^e who sold at too dear a rate, aeeordinii' to the extent of the transaction." " Iron was a very scan-e article at that time. "During' tin' 14th and lilthcenturies, iron and steel were imported i'rom (Jermany, Prussia and other places, and also iron I'roni Si)ain. ]^ut as se\-eial iniprovenients had taken place in the course ol' this period in l']nulaiid, laws Wi're made towards the end ol it against importing any •>!' tlu' articles manul'actured in this country in iron or steel. lT[)on a petition to the House ol' (-omnions. A.D.. I4S.!, I'roni the manul'acturers ol' London and other towns. rei)resenting the great damage they had sustained by the importation ol'the articles Avhich they nianut'actured, an Act was passed against the importation of knives, hangers, tailor's shears, scissors and irons, lire forks, gridirons, stock locks, keys, hinges and garnets, spurs, bits, stirnips, buckles, chains, latten nails with iron shanks, buckles lor shoes, shears, iron wire, iron can erection of any more iron works, and that timber should not be felled in «ertain counties " to make coals for burning iron." ' A ('()ini)irlii'iisivi3 llistur}- nt' the. Iron Trade by tiairy f^criveaor, HUieiuivon, London, 1S41. 120 NOTES ON TIIK Il.'oN TKADK IN OI'llER ( OUNTRIKS. " Recourse was had to Ibreii^ii markets I'or the necessary su[)i)ly ol' niauuractiirecl iron as each year witnessed an increased demand Jbr the article, and the immense annual importations from Jvussia and HwedtMi may (bite iheir orii^in IVom this period. The 8 an Act 2o, Gt'orii,*' 11, was passi-d tor encourag- ing- the importation ol" pig' iron i'rom the British Colonies in America. The Act, however, contained the Ibllowing clause: That i'rom and after the 24th day ot'.Iune, 17'")'>, no mill or other engine lor slitting or rolling ol' iron, or any plating forge, to work with a tilt hammer, or any furiuice for making sli'cl,sh;dl be erected, or, after such erecti(»n, continued in any of his JMajesty's colonies of America."'' This pre- caution being taken that the colonitss might not interfer*' with the manufacturers of the mother country. The English iron trade nuiy be said to have commenced with the substitution of i)it coal, as it was called, for charcoal, the inven- tion of the steam engine und blowing engines of improved form. In 1788 the number of blast furmices in JCngland and Wales was seventy-lour using charcoal, averaging each 2!t4 tons per year, an tons each per annum, and the total product of all the furnaces in l']ngland, Wales and tScot- land was .hS,:)^!) tons. "In 1785 the manufactures in iron and ste»'l being objects of great importance, the exportation of any tools or engines used in them, or models or plans of such, was i)rohibited, under the penalty ol' one years imprisonment . aiul a li.ie of C200, besides forfeiture of all the articles shipped or proved to have been intendi'd to be shipped. The same Hue was also inllicted upon the commander of any vessel, know- ingly rei t'iving' any such articles on board, and on custom house officers permitting them to be shipped; such ollicers and also com- manders of the King's ships so oll'ending, being, moreover, rendered forever ineapabh' of holding any ollice under his Majesty; but the importation of the artificers themselves is more strictly prohibiled. Any one enticing' or endeavouring to entice any one who has wrought in the iron and steel manufacture to go to a foreign country, is liable to one years imprisonment and a penalty of cr»O0, for every person he has enticed or endeavoured to entice ; and in case of committing the ' i>. 56. ' p. 73. NOTKS ON THE 1 liON TKADK 1\ oTIIKU roHNTUIES. 121 ofU'iicc ti sccoiul lime, the iiuprisonniiMit and line aii' Lo be dou))led." (I'o (leo. Ill, e. 11 he the ^am^mgi''^^ 128 NOTES ON THE Ih'ON THADE IN OTllKli (OIUNTKIES. course, beciiuse \Vf roly on fho soundness of the policy itscll', and wo must leave those with whom we deal t(t ]h\ their own Jud^'es oj" what suits them best, whether we agTee with them or not." ' A remnant ol' the spirit ol' protection is, however, occasionally met with, as tlie i'ollowini;' instance will prove : The India olijcc, in their specification oi material, lor iron work of bridges lor Indian State railways in their contracts in ISS.'j, s])eciiy that "no iron ol' t'oreij^ii manul'acture is to l)e used throuuh(»nt the contract."' "' The result of the system of jn'otection to home manufacture is will be best shown by the production. At the time free trade was adopted, lilnuland was making nearly one-lialf ol" all the pj^' iron made in the world. ToTAIi ANNTAL PKODrCTloN. T..S.S. 1740 J7.:;.")(» 1 7SS 'is,;!(i(i 171M> '•_-5^()71) ISWi L'.")S,i.>()(i 18L'.S 4LV..(l()(i iSL'.j 5si,;;(;7 1S;J(I ' iron in Crenf liiii'titt, in Ihr i/rar 1882, and oj the roai used {inrlnilin'j; coiil ronverlrd in/o coke) in i/s miinnfddurc. Km. I. AND ANu \Vai.k.s. Cmiilitirlaiiil Dciilii'jlisliin' aii'l l•'liIll^r>;aii.sliin', (iluiiicslcrsliirc, I laniiisliiii', I Siiiiu'isctsliirc and W'lllsliiri-. i Fjaiicasliiic Liiii'dlusliiin .Miiiiiiiontlisliiri' NurlliaiiiMl'iiisliiri' .Niii'lliiiiiilMirlaiiil Niilliniiliamsliirc Sludpsliiro Stalliii'ilsliiri', Nnrlh. . Slalliiidsliirc, Sniitli Wnncslcrsliiic ^'uiksliirc, Nditli Y^l•k^^lli|■(', W'csl Niiiiilit'r 111' l''iiriiiice!<. In fi 10 ■-'7 :;5 17 :>") 1.") 4 ."» 10 ■_'. > 10 s-' ■2S\ Total I'.iv-'laii.l ami Wales. iScoll.ANI). 4001 •_'s.', .\yr.sliin? Jjiiilitliiiuwsliirn, IjaiiaiUsliirc. iVj ytirlin:^sliiro : SI.', Total iprnduliiiii of (iit'at J 10 Britain i 070', Olll of lila.-.). 10 I i;; (i4 14 4 II 14 IL' (11', •-'4' !l l.S; ;;i7; 14: 1-4.', ;!» :\7)Si Pij! Iron SIiiilo. 1,001, 1,S| :,:\,V.\s ;;7L',o.")0 M"),07l ! 104,;;.')0 ; r)i;,!i!ii I 7! H (,!•;•! I I :i(il.:iOI : :):io.os4 l.^-Ml"' [ '.i;;,4J:.' i 7:'>,os.") so,47."> I l.'7"),">77 I L'47,007 l.')0,770 ] 1 ,,so;j,r)0,s | ;;-.'l,4:'.(t Coiil Usfcl. Tuns l,.s'_'o,:;ii:; i:.i,sss !):i(i.:;iio !.(;;;4,".isi ,s.");;,o4i' 1os,7l'1 I.; ;!.•), so:; 404,000 ItOI.'.IO!) 44.'>,:;oo I4;;,i;;i7 l.SL'.-JOO •J 10.000 T)! •-',:> 7--' .V).S,'.lOO :;'.i!i.iio ;i,o'.M,s:)7 7lV,,4M' 7,400,(i,SO :i.jo,4j;! 7 7.'),.') 7 7 Jo, -.'44,000 7;; 1,00 1 l,si.'l,-J4l ViMll.V <'l.,ll .Miiki' |,rr iicr tun of l''iiriia>'i' I'iii Ton.<. I I'wI.s L'L',-jio ;;o.4s s.s.'io r>.s.;;o o,;;io 40. o;; •_';;,!)."io 4().(i.s I4,07ti -li'.i.':.' 11,77.-. 4i.(i:; •_'■_',( (0(1 il..sr.o I."., 14.-. 1L'..S07 j;;.:ioo 14,017 .s,(i47 ii,o-_';; 7,Ni-J '.»,4-_M 1' I, in 14 ll,:i77 ;;4.o:! 40.10 :;7. ij ■10.;;.") :;o.()() 40. so ,S0.04 :;'.l;!,s I.-.. 14 .■)•_'.! l.S 40.07 4.-).l'0 i(;,-_'io r-V-'o,-. it,.-. 10 4(K,S0 1 1 . 71.' 40.00 l,r_'o,ooo I i.',.^5--','J4,-> i io,i.':;(i s,.-.,SO,(JSO 17,700,301 I lo,05S 4,-). Ml! Il.l.j Value ol" ironstone and iron on; IVom mines and open working',s in Great Britain and Ireland, in the year 1882 : — ' ' DK^TUKTS. 1 l,Hi;mlilii'<. .Avcriiiri' por- Viiliic ,,1' Oic ;it (■(•iil;if.'i' 111' the Mini' or McliilliiliiHi, OiiL'ii Works. .\\criiKf V.iliif per Toll. rndoi'ConI Mines l\(\<:ulatinii At*t,"| Kiiirlainl ami Wales, stralifuMl l 1 rmi Si (111 t' . 1 0,101, L'70 L',4m,177 o,,-)-jo,.-)io ">".. j :s«i,.,77,74;; DL'.l .■.,4.-.!l,170 ir, (i;i(i 01;; $1 (1.-) •J 27 riiiltM'^K'lalliriMou.s Mines Ko,iriila-(| " ;;o tioii Ai'l ami In .in o\>im work! nils'* Tdtid iirodncn i8,o:ii,o.-)7 :i,2,s4,o.l(i oO.oi s;:.',s,(is7,:;i.'.-> 1 .52.0 ^ $17,.-.1I,0L-J SJ dO iMi'ouria) Ouics. - S.-) 01 ! , \ • ' Miui'ral Statistics, i). 5;!. ^1.. 54. I ; mm 130 NOTES ON THE IltON TKADE IN OTIIEK COfNTIJlES. The (oliil riuiintitios of iroiislom; ami iron ore produced in the United Kingdom and imported in the y«'iir 1H82 iind nine previous vears, were as follows : — ' IMTKU KIN(il>n.M KORl.;i(i.\ (iKKS. Yriir I'l r.wii (•ii's iMil ill Coal TmI^.I MfllMllTS. Mea.-iUif.^ lllll>l>llt'll I'lllplu On' • is:;'. r.,-.i!>.4!tr. 10,0.">S,(l(t4 !t()7,'):;(i •_'7."),(I(KI i(i,SL'o,o:!r) 1S74 o.4r)4,72l' '.l,;'.!l(l,'_'14 7:.4,141 •_'.")."),( 1(10 l.">,S.-)4,077 lS7o .'),L'-_Mt,(llO ]0,,v.tL',(ir.() i:)S,(is;; •JS( 1,(1(1(1 i(i,.V)0,7.");! ISTtl r.,,777 i(),:iL'(i,.")!);! i,i7;;,4ii 40(1,000 I7,'_'01I,7S1 IS7S r>,i:!(i,s4!i !I,-_'4S,8S(1 1. (),'>.".,( 14.") :i: !•_',; 100 1.'). 707,0.^0 isso r>.:i!ts.r,L>s lL',(i'.'7,SSl •_',(i;;-.',(i(ti 4L'7,7;;(» L'1,0.S( 1,740 ISSl r.,i;;;i,:5''>4 iL',;{iL',7ii ■_',4.">(l,ti!tS :i.".L',.".oo L'0,L'41»,L'(i;i 1SS2 r.,l7!i,l33 lL',sr>L',SL'4 ii,;i84,!t4ti 40S,O0O l.'l,7L'4,!io:5 Summary of pig' iron made in (Ireat Britain and of coal used (including coal converted into coke) in its manufacture, for the ten years ending 1882 : — ' W'lir Pig Iniii iMiiilc. Coal U.-ied 1S73 (!,.')(ill,4.')l l(l,71S..-)(i'_' 1S74 ."),0'.il,40S l.^,'.".*!',!'!!! 1S75 :. (i,;!()r),4()L> l.'),(i45,774 lS7(i (l,.>).'j,007 l."),50S,:)Sl 1S77 (i,(i(lS,(i(i4 15,342,44.") 1S7S (i,;!.si,0.".l 14,ll-_',0O5 l.S71> ••• .^),;tO.-),3;!7 18.117,411 IS.SO 7,7411,288 lti,OSl',(iL'it ISSl S,144,44!) 17,4S4,9!tO 1,S82. S,5S(),080 17,70(1,801 Average price of pig iron at the works for the year 1882 (from the Coal and Iron Trades Review), from weekly prices : — Cleveland Nil, :i N- StaUbnlsliirf S- Slatl'milsliire West Cnast Bus- c , ,. .i, v . i f.o.l) Tfc,-^ MiiieNi. 1. Mine Nn. 1. seiiirr No. 1. ^u.t.ll.^l.. i !rl0.58 §14.05 S17.21 $14.'_';! SI-'. 22 * ^linoral statistics, p. 55. * From Irai)orted I'y rites, ' Mineral Statistics, 1882, p. 04, NOTES ON THE IKON TRADE IN OTHER COrNTRIES. i-n TIIK MANUKACTUm': OF IK'ON IN THK I'NITKD ST \TKS OF AUElUVk. The llnili'd Stales now rank seeond in (lie world's production (.1" Iron and Steel. The loUowing table shows the growth ot the Tig Iron ijuhistry by decades IVoni ISIO;' Years. ISIO., is'jd.. I Slid.. is-Kl,, ]sr)(t.. 1S(;().. is7().. ISSd. . iss } . . ' illiSS 'I'dllS. .". 1,0110 L'( f,( M l( I ;)|.'),(in() ■"••it,?"") l,,S70 ]S7!> ; 1,L>7:!.(IL'4 ISSO. ISSl. 1S82. iss;;. JSS4. ],S(i7,(i:)i l,7:i4,-l(iL' l',i)4lm;!s 1 jSH."!,.".!)!! l,5.stj,45.". 410,il!K) ;;iis,ti4!i :;17.S4;! L'!i:;,;i!i!» ;;:)S,s7;; .");)7,.")r)S <;;'.s,s:is »i!»7,!t(i() .">71,7l'(i 4ris,4is !I47,.VI:) !MtO,(l()!l I,d()l.!i4."> l,Id|,U!)L> i,i;;s.!i7s i.drxi.-.'o,-, L',L'<;s,-j(q L',4;!S,(i7s i',(;s'.i,(i.")(i l'.:.44,742 •J,L'(i(i,:)Si L',n!i.",,L';;(; L',:il4,r)S.-) l.V")77,;!fil ;;,( 17(1,87.") 4,--'!i:,,414 4,(ill,:)(l4 .■),17S,1-_'L> .'1,1 lli,;»7i' 4,:kS!i,(u;! Sta(. Am. iron and Steol A.ssuc. 1S8."), p. L'fi. This change in the I'uel has resulted in a marvelous developmeut of the coke making- industry. The system of protection to home manufacturers, was adopted ' Annual lleport of tho Anioricau Iron ami Stwl Association, 188."), p. 40. l:!2 NuTKS ON TIIK IKOX I'lIADK IN uTUKi; ('( tr VIIM KS, very ciii'ly in llu' history of I lie coiintry. iiiid Iins rt'siiltoti in flic cslii- Mishnu'Mt of Jill I'lioinious iiulustiy. In Hit- apptMidix will l)i; round liil)l<'s, •^ivini'' all particulars ol* I lie various acts and clianni's in the Customs tariir since the Union, relating- to iron and Stccl. Mr. Swank, in speaking' of the nianui'acliire of iron in the United States, under tli* head ol' liniiedinients to the Cheap I'lodiiclion of Iron and Steel in the United States, stiys : " Tlu' Iron and Stctd indusliies of the Uniled Stales an' suhject to [)crnianent disadx antai'-es froin which the same industries of other countries arc in a liri-al measure relieved. II is true thai it cannot, now he said, as it was once said, thai they lack the skill, or the capital or the extensive and complele estahlishinents of other countries. Tliev are no longer infant industries in an\ sense. Nor can it he said that the natural resources for the manufacture of Iron and Stetd in ourct)untry are not ahundani and vaiied. Ihit. in comparison with the iron and sletd industries of (»ther countries, ihey are at a disad- vantag** in two important particulars. The wages of labor art- much higher in this country than in any other iron-making country in the world; and the raw materials of j)i'oduction, rich and ahundaiit as they are, are in the main so remote from each oilier that a lu'avy c(»st for their transportation is incurred to which luj other iron-making lOuntry is t-ubjecti'd." " l^'roin the iron ore mines of Michigan and Minnesota to the coal of IVnnsylvania is 1,000 miles. Connellsville coke is taken y Jamos iNl. Swauti, p. 347. -NOT I DIAGRAM SI Also the Range of Pri 12.00 n.7: n.o« lo.i- low il.of) r -AA- \ NdTKS (i.N tin: ikon TKAIH: IN OTIIKI! CDUNTIMKS. ].u; lr~' DIAGRAM SHOWING THE SHIPMENTS AND PRICES OF X^'A.ZKZl SX7X>XSX^XOX«, XXV.OBT OXCXSS» FOR TWENTY. HEVKN YEARS Also the Range of Prices for Homatltos, and tiiu Hl^':hO!^t and Lowest Froltjht R.itoH by Luke Each Year trom Marquotto and Esoanaba FOR THE PAST THIRTEEN VEARM Boaed on tho Clovoland Market. l'Ui:i'.\j»:ii in nit iron trade review, i i k\ i i, v\ji .. 12.00 1 I884-5| 1 11.7,'. 1 llJIK 1 1 11 :ti il.il — • 7,; - .. 7,-. iii.;ji I'l ' .S..50 D.W *'.*. » / 1 1 I 1 1 > S.OO —8 Hi PAN RD — — A H'i'i / V / \ ... 1* 1 c ORES / V \ / , \ \ ^ou ~ 1^ 1 .'E.lltlO.Dilii 7.7; ^ / \ — HEMA lllO riTi ,0. 1 ; — X E».f \ 1 1 1 1 1 1 \l 1 t 1 1 iH -,1'IHI,(IU() 7.J0 f \ \ ill 7) .J 1145— L'.MHt.lMK) 7.25 1 : 'ii) *.'iO T.'il, • '.',71 II (,(1110 -.m iJ.'o 0.50 G.2") X „^ 1 ', lU 1 ( 1 1 1 /l\l 'j^miu.iKid 1 \ .•,7,-, 11 t 1 JLiO 11 *' - 2 .'inii niji) ti.'Kt T tj V, \ 1 s ■J.ooo.oiw 't.'lo \ ,'. Z^ \ 1 1 1 |j« V, 1, '.100,000 ,).UU — ■> ii \ 1/ ■r 1 l.SOO.OOO l.7,-i -— — — ( / 1 ff - ?.^ ».7S 1.700,000 (.50 \ i,i;oo.ooo ).-JJ LAF E F REI )HT 3, ; '■ i— 1 jjOO il' " \:< i:»l ' Fn 1,.''i0ii.ij0(> ■1.00 :. I -- — <^: ts 1,400,000 :i.75 — — — / 1.300,000 3.00 J.25 — _^'-. ^ T I.',iOil,l)llll ■;- P 1,100,i.V)0 3.01) •'ron tt.jl / ■.itHl 1,000,000 -'.75 '1" y^ ?i AtL ^ \ 2 75 t !IOO,000 ■i..jo t scan ) iToo w'i s -5- / ' 1 111" '\ /\ m 1 r 1 H 1 1 / 200,00» 75 Is rf — _.. — - t — 1 1 \ Y\ 1 1 u ... * 1 "/100.00a m .-J '-i KE PR IQI TS. .r.i ri 1 s % ■b' ;5 -J cr ■I 1 1 ■6 r - - - f - s r. 5 i 00 i 1 Vpio Kov. 11>, .lt>84. M T T N'lTKS 0\ THK IlfON TIJADK IN OTFIKi; COUNTIMKS. m 67. (N) I 1 — M.ni) 1 1 A.'i.lKI 1 H 1 LOWEST AND HIGHEST PRICES OF .■i4.l)lt - PIG IRON IN CLEVELAND, O., M.nii 11 .vihii - 'VJ.(I(I ,'il.(MI riii.iMi 4N.IM) 4;.iNi J V .-.ii No. iPourVdry ropro«entod1bytho 8trni«ht lino. Will Iron repretonted by the dotted line . — - . . - I'll t 1 1 . --- ■ « Prtpimd ky Ihr IRON THADt REVIEW. ClfvMim.^Me. IB84.B. 1 ; 1 1 'ir\\ 1 > 1 1 ;|.'>n.i.. m Xli.tHt b ' I 1 .INI 1 1 II 1, II.IHI u \ ' f J ■t.l.dll ll^l- •fJ(K( ? irrr K innHvl IM II.IKI f , M i:,, . 4 i.im In.iHi ' ^"■■'-' , 1 ' 411. IHI - — J - - — :i'.i.iKi 1 1 1 t IIS.IH) ; i i t> 1 :iT.(j.H^, «».0(» , 1 '1 ;tn nil 1 n v » ■ r" i *1 \l 4- y.i.mi i'' - it 'jn.mi ' i 1' * 1 II :■<.»» 2i<,(K) -.' y 1 f\ T" ; t ,:-^.tH( 27 .im 1 ' '\ /' \ ,' I ■ i' I |; ;\ /; il A A a(i.(Ki I T^^fr\ » ; ; \ L Li [■' :I A /\ M.WI I -i"" It / '. • \ t tllL'~^l /L-,0 1 iil.UU t ! 1 1 t H TV ••■A 1 1 \^'^' 4'A\i /A\ , - ■j;i..5 A at.oo t 1 1 1 t 1 Ta ! ' t 1 1 i 22.00 1 ; 31.1!.' i /\i ! i 1 ( ; \ / ' A 1 21.00 ,•■..,',0 ■■" — V •^ ' 1 1 \ I •.'0.00 IillU. . j yV ' / -^i 10 f": \ ■-'0.00 I9.00 - I'.l (Ml« -III. 011^, ' ^ > i 'JO "' V i "A\l IB.OO \ ;' \ f I7.0O ',u f ' w ^■'' .s lA.OO 17 1 m r 10 I •' "*. 1 .'LflO *■ 15.50 .' V; 00 to 1- QO oo o 00 2 i oo 1 ■■4 Steel Rails. Mi'lhods of prolecliou, apart IVom tho C'ufstoms" larili" may Ix' showJi ill iho lucans takoii to oncouvago the manufai'turc of ntils. It is vvt»ll known that the const ruction ol' railwitys allonls tlic largest outlcl I'or the consuniplion ol' iron nnd steel. When large momn' and land subsidies have heevi granled to railways in the United Stales, l:!ti N'OTKS ON THE lUON THADE IN oTITEi; COUNTRIES. "i the Government has, in the cases ol' some olthe most imi)orta,nt lines, speeilied that thi^ iron used should be ol' American manufacture. "The Union Pacilic K'ailvvay was chartered (»n Ihe 1st of July, \SiV2, by the Clonuress ol' the United States, which y-ranU'd lo it tlie riu'ht ol' way over Ihe public domain, 12,800 acres of Ihe public hiiuls ])er mile of rond, and a subsidy in (Jovernment ]?onds at Ihe rate of !ii!l<;,000, >^;5i!,000, and !S(4S,OO0 per mile of line, the objecl beini>- lo apportion the subsidy in ratio lo \]\o cost of the several sections. The annmnt of the subsidy for i.(»8.'? miles was !!iit!T.2-2(!,r)lt>. \\y Ihe A«tt of Incorj^oriil ion, the subsidy bonds were t' be a lirsl morli>a." ' The Act passed :17 ( 'ong-re.ss, Sess. IT., ch. 120, 1S»;2, and Sec. 4 specilies, that '" flif niih mid nil Ihe oilier iron used in Ihe ronslrnclioi/ and e(/>ti/n)iriil ()/' said rond lo he Ainerieon mclions to the mile (12.S0O acres) within Ihe Slates, and 40 sections (2r).»iOO acres) to the mile within the Territories, ('onstriiction was com- menced in IHCill, and t'ompleted in 1888. Total len<>lh of main line and branches 2.0*70 51 miles. The Act of rncorporation was ])assed1)y 38 ConoTcss, Sess 1, ch. 217, 1S(14, and it says in Sec. ">, "And be it further enacted, that said Noilheiii I'acilic Railway shall be cou- stru»lt'd in a substantial and workmanlike manner, with all the necessary draws, culverts, bridu'es. viaducts, crossinii's, turnouts, stations, and waterinii' places, and all other ap]nirtenances, including' furniture and rollini>: stock, ecpial in all res]>ects to railroads of the first-class, when prepared for business, with roih of Ihe hesi (iinility iniuiufnrliired from Ameriean iron.'' The Atlantic and PaciHc ]lailwa\% by charter 80 Coui^ress, Sess. 1, «'h. 27i^, 186. NOTES ON THE IRON TRADE IN OTHER COUNTRIES. 137 ni., eh. 122. Section 16 specitifs " That the said road shall be constritcted oj Iron or Sferl raits manufactured from American ore.'' The length of this line is 1,487 miles. — Poor, p. HVJ. The proviso that the rails shall be made out of Anu.'rioau ore prevents thjir manul'aciure out of imported ore, or out of imported hlooms, tb',' previous clauses mentioned not covering these points. The resuH of the American plan ol' Customs' duties and the fore- going- stipulations will be seen in the following table which gives the " statistics <»r I lie annual production of Bessemer 8etter /nvof (f llie wisdom of our Pro- tectice pofic/j is needed tlian is farnislied bif tliis table :" ' .\vi:ra(;k ^ KAH.S. PltlllirCT IN Prioe in ! T>...r.. I'ltICK III' (jlll.l). (iuo.ss Tuns. CriiUKNcv. ■■uii- I. 'is 1867 2,277 Kid. 00 I.j jH'v cent. «'/ IK) 1868 (-..(.■.l I.IH.-.O i:{i; 1869 h.oh; i;!2.2.-. nilnri-m. 11.-. 1870 ;{o,;r.7 10(1. 7,-. 112 1871 :!i,ir)2 102.50 ~ 112 1872 s;!,'.i!il 112.00 ii;; 187H 11. -.,102 120. -.0 112 1874 I2'J,I14 04.2.-) S2H.00])i>rt(iii to Aiiij. 111 1875 2r.9.H!i'.» OS. 7.-. I, 1S72, $2.-.. 20 io no 1876 :!(;s,2t;'.i r.!i.2,-> Mar. ;{, 1S7.');!J<2S.0(I Kir. 1877 :;s.-.,S(;.-. ir...-io t'ruiii ili.'it (liitc t(i 102 1878 1 ill, 127 12 . 2.'-. .l.ilv 1, is^li. 100 187!) (;io,t;s-j IS. 2.-. 1 Mill 1880 s,-.2,i:i(; (M.r.o loo issl 1,1S7,770 (11. i:! 100 1 SS2 1,2^1,007 IS..-.0 1 100 loo iss:i ISSI l,lls,70!» !»',l(i,!is:! ;i7.7.-. :{0.75 ] Kruiii .fiilv 1, 18SS, 1 $17.00. 100 ISSf) April 20 . 00 gi*:rmany. Grermany now ranks third in Hie world's production of pig iron, steel and coal. She has tirrived at this position by protecting her home manulacturers, liberally at iirst and then gradually redu0 per (unit. of all the iron used in l'"rance is of l<'r»>nch make." Tn isc.O the duty on pig iron was >$9.')3, from whirh it was reduced, in isr)4, to JS'T-TS, and finally, in the following year, to is!2.!t2 where it now remains. The present duties are as follows : — Pig iron, )f;2.02 ; bar iron, ^!t.98 ; iron rails, >j.\K\):\ : iron plates. s;13S8 ; steel rails. |11.8r» ; steel plates, I1T.84. These iigures are given by Mr. liell. BELGIUM. The Iron Trade of Belgium maybe said to have made ab(»ginning about ]X2-], although the history of the trade dates bai^k to the time of tht> ]\omans. " "Without touehing upon rtMuote periods, we will < ommence at the year ]H-2'2. when there was placed at the disposal of th(> King an annual sum of 1.000,000 llorins (about !i!ir)0,0OO) for the encouragement of industry by pnMuiums, loans, and other means. AVe shall not notice any of the minor instances of the useful application of this fund in the way of loans of capital, but shall mention the assistance all'orded to Mr. Cockeiill. an liinglishman, on account of the more general elfect which the encouragement given to him was intended to produce. The llrst objett was to improve the method of smelting and manu- Scrivonor, p. Isl. NOTES ON THE IRON TRADE IN OTHER COUNTRIES. 139 iactiiviiig iron in the miuiny districts ; Ibr that purpose Mr. C^iekorill had boen invited l)y tho king- to settle in the neighborhood ol" Liegv. He received a very hirge sum by way ol' loan, in order to assist him in the extension of his works, — coupled with a condition that the Iron- masters ol' Liegv and Namurs should have the liberty to g-o there to learn tho true principles and the latest improv(»meuts in the art. The unremitting- industry ol" Mr. Cockerill I'ormed a larg-e establishment lor machinery ol" every desrription — one ol' ihe most perfect establish- ments in all Europ(>. ISelgium is now ct^lebrated for its iron manufac- lures.'" The manufacture of iron and steel has steadily progressed since IS-Jt. The following table shows the gradual developnuMit of the Bessem(>r steel inessemer Steel Trade in Heloium. ^kaiis. Nil. (iK CllXVUIlTdliS. TdTAI, I'Udlilc TIl>N. TiiMiK Vm.ii:. avkk.mji: i'uick I'ku'I'o.n. W (IIIKS. - T.lNS. C X 1.S04 1 21)() 7,072 20 ]S(M 1 «69 17,188 18 istid 1 l,4 1S(;7 1 1,7(1!) 24,45(1 14 ]S(iS 1 2,5(1! t ;!1,814 13 lS(i!i 1 :5,t;!t!l 4(1,488 13 1S7(I 1 » 5,lt77 74.4!I9 12 1S71 1 io,sr,4 12(1,! 104 12 1872 1 14,!t,s5 204.57(1 14 1S7:! » / 21,2(;8 3;;!»,!I04 1(1 1S74 2 10 a( 1,584 4(ll,4!t8 13 187") 12 .'ilWdd 553,214 10 ]S7(i o 12 71,758 502,730 8 With the exception of the product of three blast furnaces, the pig- iron employed in the manufacture of steel mostly comes fro-n Rno-land^- Mr. VhA] ihus refers to Belgium in his statistical section : " Tt was recently stated in the ])ublic prints, llntl Belgium was out- stripping us in ec(moniy of manufaclure, because Cleveliind pio- iron was being- converled in Belgium works into wroug-ht-iron girdei-s, and then returned to ICnuland and sold at a cheaper rate, tlian th»> rollino- mills in England could supply tliem. Now Cleveland iron, it is true, is imported into Belgium from Middelesbonmgh for /oM/zrAv/ purposes; but the girders sent to England are made of an entirely ditferent des- cription of pig iron smelted on tho spot in Belgian furnaces." ' SiTivonor, ji. 260. ■ Jeans, p. 207. mmmmmmmm 140 NOTES ON THE TRON TRADE IN OTHER COUNTRIES. " Belgium, iilroiuly vcton-pd to, as a country sui)pose(l to bo able to compete ou British soil with British ironmakers, in reality has not n-reatly altered her posilion during the last ten years, until ISSO, whcni the make ol' iron sliowed an increase of 8 per cent, as compared with 1870. " In the ye;ir 1805 this kingdom raised 1,018,000 tons ol' iron ore, but in 18T(! thi.s hnd I'allen to 20!»,00() tons, of which 100,000 were im- ported chielly to 1^^'ance In 1881 the product was only 20,000, so that practically Belgium is entirely dependent on imported or*; I'or her blast furnatx's, the amount im])orted in 1881 being 1,100,200 tons, its against ;JOl,000in 18r.(;, and 1,2(10,717 tons in 1882. " Up to the y<>ar I8(!() the duty on pig iron imported into Belgium was ii|i4.7<'», and on l»ar iron >;!»."):! per ton ; in thnt year they were reduced to ifil.Ol and >;1.!'.') respectiv^ely. This alteration produced little etlcct on the (|uantity of pig received into th(> kingdom. In 1805, 24,804 tons were imported at the high duty, and two years after under the low duty, the <|uantity had only risen to about 42,54t». The import gradually increased up to 1872 when it reached lo7,000 tons. In the meantime, however, the home prodmtion had risen from 470,- 057 tons in 1805, to r)55.505 tons in 1872. "The following tnbles exhibit the position of the Belgian iron trade from 1870 tO 1880, in thousands of tons : — Averiis-'c nf INTO. lS7ii. 1873. J,[:;-ii, issd. ISTS. I'ij: Iron iiindt^ .Ml.") <;."i."> (107 4!t7 f'lO " iiu].nrlf(l SL> ]:!7 145 1S;{ L'0(i t)47 702 752 680 SHi " " (ix|«.rl(>(l 1(1 40 27 11 41 C'diismiKHl iit. home tl.".7 74:! 725 (ifiO 775 MallcaM." Iron iMii.lc. 401 .502 4sn 404 450 Stcolm:i(l(> (I 15 21 81 05 Steel iiii.l iinii 407 517 .501 4S5 545 '" Th(^ various articles of w^rought iron or steel imported into Belgium are insigniliciUit in amount, not exceeding 15,(100 tons per annum. The cheap I'ate, however, at whi(>h ore and pig iron are imported, aided by cheap labour, has enabled thai country to carry on an export trade fully equal to n consumption of one-third of the pig iron it has made and imported : — NOTES (»iV THE IRON TRADE IN OTHER COUNTRIES. Extorts from BEL,\m 4t;,()r)7 4(1,577 42,5! I!l ;w,27;'. 2U,59(; 28,124 l(i,22P, 2;!,i<)s 2:5,:50i 32,.".02 2(),;!(! 2,S!IS ;!,3!»:! 4,5(10 ii;!,]r)(i ]:;l',7(1!» 154,4! (5 l(i2,:W(t l(l,-J!l(i i),(i!m; S.'idS 1(1,871 i:),.-)-4;! l7,tilo 2(l,;',27 20,247 i,;i!i!» Ki.r.ii !2,S(;-J 14,528 2ls,(i,s:; f)( ,, I.) I 2!IS,!»;{!t ;!1<),548 " During tho ihrcc y»'avs 1st'), 18T(i and 1S77, I'^noland rt^ceivod of tho !il)ov(' articles ;>;J,7!»2, 3(),7r)2, and 52,(i(J2 ton.s rosiKvtiv«>]y ; 52,000 tonsisunqucsiionably iilargiH^uautity of mallcahlt' iron io herocoived ])y Eni>land IVom r><'li>iun> ; Inil liolg-inm i.s *hf In.' plac(» we oiig-ht to roo-ard with any ill will in reforoncc to: uch n transction, seeing- that at least three times the weight of British pig iron has been used up by the Belgian manufacturers. " In ISSI and 18S2 the weight of iron and steel received from Bel- gium was 50,100 and 4;{,800 tons respectively, while from (rermauy, whicji demands protection against British iron. 75,000 in the year 1881 and 72,000 tons in 1882 were lauded at British ports. Beltriiiiii luis an aiea of EiiL'lisli sc|iiaro miles ll,;;7o Population, Dec. 3lst. 1S7S 5,47(i,ti()8 " per S(piare mile 5()t» Railways njieneil at end 1SK;» 2,1)22 lanes o|«irate.(l by Government., at the end of iSSO consisted of l,12!t The commercial marine, on the decline for a number of years, consisted at the end of 1878 of 48 vessels Miryrre'/atin-i:. liiclndini;- 2;! steanuMS . 44,980 Tons 2!t,850 " BTTS.STA. The Iron Trade of Russia may be said io have be»Mi begun by Teter the Great. From the year 175?) to 1804, a considertible (luantity of Iron w^as exported from K'ussia. Mr. Bell says all importations are now^ discouragtHl by imposing prohibitive duti(»s as follows : — Piy Iron. $2.8;{ !>ar Iron. |!l!>.l(i Iron and Sl<>ol Rails. $2:1. !»2 Iron and Steel Plates. .>|«2().:!5 ' Note.— Section Irons are Beams, Cliannels,'Aii-rleH,Tees,or any iron rolled tosiiecial sliajx^ or section. — J. H. B. ■pnm mmm m^ 142 NOTES (>\ TIIK IRON TRADK IN OTHEW ("OITNTKTES. SWEDEN. TUON TlJADE. In Ili(» yoiir 1740. tho flovtn'nmoni cstablishod an ofliv'o to promoto the production of iron, by l»'n(lin<>" money on the ore at as low a rate as 4 per cent., and at that time a correct reyister was made of the mint's which is still continued, Eat'h rori>'e has its particular mark stamix'd on the bars it produces, and all particulars reo-ardinu' the quality, place of production, and shipment art' r»\!,>istered. The smeltini»' furnaces and iron works arc licensed for a particular <|uantity, some beiniias low as ")0 tons, others as high as 400 to ."iOO tons per annum : some few bar iron works draw liccnct's lor KlOOtons earh. The licenses are lii'anled by the CoUcu'c of Mines, which Inis control over all iron works and mininii" operations. As the working of the mines is attended with considerable expense, and the sale of the iron uncertain, the liank of Stockholm receives that metal as a proper security for a loan. The iron benig didy appraised and lodged in the jiublic wareliouse, the proprietor receives three-fourths of its value at the interest of three ]>t»r cent., and, when he can iind an o]>portunity to dispose of his iron, it is again deliv(M"ed to him on prodvuMUg a ccrlilicate from the Bank that the loan upon it is duly discharged. " In the year 174S there were 40t! foundries, with SoO large ham- mers, and 071 .small ones, for making bar iind other manufactures of iron which produced nearly 40.t3(lO tons." ' " Thanks to the judicious encouragement offered by the Govern- " ment, the enterprise and sustained elForts of the .Ternkoutoret, the " efforts of the people and the character of her resourct's, Sweden has " for many years maintained a foremost place in the mining and nietal- " lurgical records (»f l!]uroj)e.'' The proii'ress of the lit\ssemer manufacture in Sweden is shown by the following iigurcs : — TON> In 18tt!> there w«ne 4 Bessemer works which turned out 5,821 " isto " ISTl " 1872 " 1H7.'{ " 1874 10 10 18 i( " 0,040 " 4.4'):) " 12,45;) " 15,005 '• 20,881 ' i^iTivonor, p. 14(i. NOTKS ON THK IRON TKAPK IN OTHER COUNrRIKS, 143 l\iiils were toniiuoiicyd to be innnuractuivd in 18T<>.' Ill 1S74 flicrc wtM't' '■)■] sit'cl works [)i()(luriui>" Bt'sscmcr, Martin, and other steel. With the t'xeei)tion oi' one worlcs where sttvun was partially used, all the other ureat Messeuier works exclusively employ water i>ovver, some ol' the blowing' machine motors havinj^' as much us 700 to S(l() iiorse power. Sinct^ the year 1S78, cast steel has been maib' by the Martin pro- «ess in a Siemen.s' reg'cnerative lurnace, with a JiUndin condenser. The fuel consists i)artly oi' air dried wood; partly oi' nuichiiie-worked peat, air dried, aud the consumption of these two kinds of fuel is approximately the same. l''our works can produce boiler plates ; thin sheet iron for roof- iiiU' is further made at ten works, and tyies. axles, railway wheels, of malable iron, u'un-barrels, si)rings and l<)cks, toids, knives, arms, cVc., are all made in the country. Professor liichard Akermann (»f Stockholm furnishes the followinjr statistics of the production and exi)ort foi' ISHO-Ml and exports of IHS'2, in metric tons = 2.:204 lbs. AUlIcr,^> Iron ore . I'iiT iron . H;ir In HI.... I'lIllOl (TlllN. |SS(I. 775,15:', 405.7(i5 <:ir Inui 1 '>l<»-'(i5 JulU'.l Wire ami Ku.ls.... (\ -'■.-"'•' I Hl'SSOllUT Stl'l'l Alartiii Stool Othov kinds of Stool. I'hitos Nails liluoins :!(),(tl7 7,71!) 1.550 11,010 7.44() Tons. I8SI. S2«,254 135.4ii!i 247.742 31».:!:!4 1 ii.i5!i r 1,741 i:!,i;;<) 7.1;!;; Kxi'ORTS. Tipiis. Tons. ^xl. Iss-j. 1 \ 24.2;!2 55,480 i:!(),55t) 52.000 20,200 . 55,500 154,000 50,000 7.105 !t,SOO 2,;)02 1,052 SS,02 2,200 !»0(» 8,000 The number of blast furiuices at work durin<»' 1SS1 was 170. and they were unitedly in blast 44, ON THE lUON TRADK IN (»'nii;i; < OTINTHIES. plclt' stalisliis rcM'ord iho conslrutlion of 11 iron mid Iwo stet'l vossoIh, \vhi«h were built cliiolly lor Wussia and Norway, and most oT tlio Swedish yards have contracts lor steamers in hand sullicieiit to occupy them for som«> months. A nni nf Kii^rlihli Mniarc. miles 170,!I79 I'oimliiliuii, Dcr. ;;i,st, Is;:*, iiu'ii •J.'Jl'S.s:).") " " WulIKMl LV'"''M't'' 1, 578,! 1(11 IVr .siniiiiv mill', '.'7. On 151)1 September, 1880, total leiii'ih <»f railways opened lor Irallic, 3,r)*70 Enylish miles, of which 1.21.") miles belonu'cd to tin- stale. The commercial navy at tlu' end of 1871' numbered 4,."5ir> vessels, 530, olO tons. 'l\)US. ;{,.'>•>:! sailiiiir vossi'ls iri-l.lHl 74J .stfamors 1Sl',1 1 '.i ■1,315 (i;;(i,(ilO ITALY. The production of Pig Iron annually amounts to aboul 50.0(10 tons, the iireater part of the iron ore mimnl beiiii;' exported to other countries, insti'ad of being- smelted at home, which is due to the lack of oood furnace fuel, in the prosecution of oth(>r branches of the iron and steel trades, the Italians are more successful, using lignite as fuel in some imiiortant works. The (rovernment encourages native enit'i- prise by preferring articles of hom*> production, if not more than 5 per cent, dearer than competing fonngn arti»'les duty paid. "To build up an armour-plate works in Italy, the (Jovernment has contracted with a lirm of capitalisrs, including Sir William Armstrong, of England, for 1'2,stablisliinent near Grenoa, the price to 1)e regulated by the rate prevailing in foreign markets, with the freights and duties added. l>ar iron, beams, nails, &;»•., are manufacturi'd in other works. No steel rails are madi' in Italy." • ' Amork'an Iron and t^U-cl Association, p. S!), 18S5. CONCLUSION -ooo- Iluviiijj,' n'vicwt'd our viiriousattmipls to iiuiiiul'iuluit' iron, hii\ ini>' iisccrliiiiit'd I In- (juanlilit's mid (It'scriplioiis oiitcriiin- into oiir coii- siimptioii : nnd liiiviiiti' noted the niclliods practised and results fol- lowed and obtained hy other countries, it remains to he seen what l)raetioal eonelusions may now he 'e (d' specilic in prelereiu-e to lut valorem duties, as jar as the iron trade is concerned. A previous rel'erence has heen made to "extras'" and an extract now uiven I'rom the same author shows h(»w unhn ouiahle to a local manufacturer an nd ni/orein rice-eurrent, or iu answer to a g'eneral enquiry, as he will when he has presented to him a spe- iilieation containing the sizes. <|uantities and quality of iron actually required, with the periods and coiulitions of delivery aud payment. Ho is theu able to Judue ho\v far such an order will suit him at the particular time ; and if it is suitable, or if it be a iarg'e order, or if his works are not well employed, then in many cases he will relax the ordinary ruh>s. and oiler prices more favoiirable to the purchaser, than the mere current price, and the nominal regulations as to extras would afford. It is the function of the iron merchant, or factor to act upon these circumstam-es, and where a miscellaneous list of plates, bars, or other kinds of inm is presented by a purchaser, to divide it, and to obtain each kind from the manufacturer best able to supply it. Au aequaintau Je with the capacity of diti'erent rolling-mills, aud with 140 C(»NCIiT'SION. the spcciiil fiK'ilith's of t'luh Tor makiiii^' hirjj;t', long", smiiU, or heavy piet'os, ol'toii oiiiibk's the lactor to supply a purchaser more tavt)urahly than can any one inanuraeturer." Mathe.sou'b Aid to Purchase, p. l.Di. Bol'JSTV ON THH M.VM'KACTUKE <»K l'lN IN. CANADA. A considerable amount of error is oflen notircd in statements reuar0 lbs. was imposed, which regulation is still in force. By Act 450 " 1882 •' ():'..4:51 " 1883 " 77,403 " 1884 " 52,184 " Total, 46,316.20 87,2(13.44 126,865.26 154,087.81 104,374.74 8510,807.45 And paid in Bounty in Dr. 1884 on 20,380 tons @ 11.50 44,083.50 Balance to credit of the Pig- Iron account !|465,723.95 Or, taking the year 1884 alone, after deducting the amount paid CONCLUSION. 147 in bounty, there remains a balance from the amount received for duty, of 160.201.24 cts. The majority of the piji^ iron imported into ('ana- iron is par- ti(!uliirly well suited for this purpose, being' very lluid when hot, and the metal setting" into small crystals when cold. An objection is sometimes raised that in Canada we have no ores exactly similar to those smelted in Scotland, and consc(juently cannot produce {ng iron as suitable for this purpose as the Scotch pig. Without going' into th(^ (question of the various ores, it seems to be a sufficient reply to this objiMtion to cite the United States as an example : they make a thousand times more stoves and thin castings than we do, they do not have to import Scotch pig, but utilise the iron made from their own ores, and our ores in Canada arc of the same quality and variety as those in the United States. The importance of the manufactur«» of iron to this conntry is not fairly shown by merely takini? the total value of the importations, enormous as they are, but the bearing of the subject on kindred industries must be examined, not to mention \hv. scicntilic attainments required by the heads of clepartment? and in the administration of tht^ work. We are so fortunate as to possess mineral wealth in the shape of coal, not only underlying our vast North West Territories, but directly on both the Atlantic and Pacilic Coasts. By reference to the Tabulated Statem(>nts previously given, the amounts mined on both shores will be seen. It is however particularly in regard to our Collieries in Nova S«'otia, that this subject is at present of tht^ greatest importance. Coal was mined in Cape Breton as early as the year 1V85, and, in the County of Pictou, in 182t ; but from a variety of causes, the working of the mines has never been very profitable to their pro- prietors, the shares of the Greueral Mining Association, the largest and earliest of the Coal Companies being quoted at present from £4 to £,4: 10s. for fully paid up c€8 shares.' From 1854 to 186(!, when, under the reciprocity treaty with the United States, Nova Scotia coal w^as admitted there free of duty, a large proportion of the output was sent there. In 1867 to 1871, a duty of i»il.2") per ton had to be paid, and under this restriction the trade declined ; from 1872 to the present time, the duty has remained * The Canadian Gazette, July 16th, 18S5. 10 . ^' 148 ("ONCLUSloN. T/) cents por ton. hut the trad«» has fnlh'ii ofF in n vfry small tomiagc, and may h(( expected to cease. The development of the coal iields in the I'uited States, their railway facilities and rsites are su|iiantity raised I'its worked Uii.lei- ground. Surface. 249 280 244 251 206 260 277 2(;7 262 245 per cutter. per day tons. day.s. 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1888 1884 .8,777 8,229 8,180 8,185 8,0.84 8,882 8,567 4,285 4,685 5,018 799,888 688,188 667,148 668,850 «80,602 778,688 894,961 1,089,951 1,180,187 1,428,588 194 202 195 194 1S8 220 286 288 280 288 510 555 575 566 502 690 740 762 748 568 8-2 8-2 8-7 10 8-4 8-5 8-4 8-2 8-8 2-0 191 181 21!l 274 271 290 I 1 86 170 1.-.6 141 151 198 217 286 226 I'.k; It ceases to be a matter of surprise that the collieries are unre- munerative when the small number of days in the year during which the pits were worked is noticed. If, instead of all the coal being mined and shipped in its raw state, it was used in the manufacture of iron, which having labor expended on its production, would bear the cost of carriage where coal cannot, it would alter the present position of affairs. In the United States, according to a Report on the manufacture of coke made by Mr. Jas. D. Weeks, special agent to the United States CONCLUSION. 140 Gov«'rnmfiit in the cmisus year 1880, and just piihlish.-d. • I he dove- lopmciit of the nvaimliirtiirt' of coko (liirinL>' Ww [r.\s\ ten yciirs, iiiiisl Im' n'i.iii(l..(l as ow ol' the iiiarkud arhievt'iaeuts of their iiuluNlrial ])ro. Numbor of estahiishmcuts 26 140 Number ol" persons employed 628 i},142 Amount oifapital, real and personal >!i1,202,04."> >f5J^4'},()i)H Wag-es paid •J8H,r.O.-, 1,l!»8,(i:.4 Value oi' all material used, including- coal... (t|."»,2t)H 2,Ii!»r),441 Value of coke produced l,l.S2,88, :!:,!>. 4)S(; Total capital invested in coal works, sup- l)lying foal to coke works l.'),()00,041 A large part of this total is iuvested in coal lands. " The making of crushed coke for domestic uses is an important business. In order to adapt it for general use without rendering it necessary to change stoves, grates or furnaces, the IL ('. Frick ('Om- pany (the largest operators at Connellsville, I'a.) conceived the idea of crushing into si/os to correspond with the si/e of anthracite coal, viz : ogg, stove, small stove, and nut, so that parties ordering would have no dillit^ulty in knowing Just what si/e they required. It is used domt'stically for cooking, in base burning stoves, and in open grates. Large (juantities are used at hotels for broiling purposes, it making a very clear and hot lire. Manufacturers of safes, chains, axles, shovels, Hies, bolts, agricultural implements, brass founders, maltsters, black- smiths, etc., use the small stove or nut sizes. Steel manufacturers, as a rule, prefer the stov*' size for their crucible furnaces. Tube works use the egg sizi>." ' As small coal lit lor coking, is at the present time almost value- less at many of the Nova Scotia Collieries, as it takes about two tons of coal for each ton of pig iron mad(% and as crushed coke will answer instead of anthracite coal for domestic purpose, it seems, as if we might be able to utilise an almost waste product of our mines, and at the same time save at least some of the large amounts of money we annually pay for iron and for anthracite coal. » The Coal Trade, 1882, p. 18, 150 CONCIATSION. I; ■' Canadian Railways. The Official Railway Statistics state that ; On 30th June, 1884, the total amount of Capital Stock paid up was * i$55'7,015,0 i $2. 10 Specific duty, 1 j cent, per ]X)uniI. 10 dy. to (lO'dy. nails. Prices weak' at $2.15 l<'i()m (liofso lio-iircs it will bo soeii that, as might be oxportod from the iiou-[»rott"tivt' charactc^r of our tariff, Wf are coustantly draining- ourselves oi' largo amounts of monojf simply to pay for what wo can and ought to make within our own borders, and that we do not oven possess compensation and consolation in being able to purchase our iron any cheaptM- than it costs in the United States, where the policy opposite lo our own, and surely the more enlightened one, proA^ails. Now, however, that we have, through these pages, studied and aseertained our real position as respects this groat industry, let us endeavour to profit l)y the experience of other nations, let us no longer apathetically permit our opportunities to run to waste, but determine rather to build up, in our own Dominion, our own iron industries, until they l>ecome as they assuredly may and should, an ever increas- ing source of national wealth and strength. i APPE N D IX. EXTRACTS FROM A COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE RATES of IMPORT DUTIE:s INTO THE UNITED STATES, INDKR TirE SEVEEAL TARIFF A(!TS FROM 1789 TO IS83 IXCLUSIVE. rREPARBI) l!Y THE COMMITTEE ON FINANCE, UNITED STATES SENATE. 1884. 154 APPENDIX. ID O H -< -f; W W r^ W w C/J w C/J 13 < c h-i u ;^H H ^ S W •^' < u) i W o -^ C pq H 1-5 «J K = i = -,« ?% ■'-• -1^"^ <^ PJ r/j s = CO c. ^ ^ ^ -3 a 3 O CM ■3 B 9 5 J =. « r- « '— - ■a a o PL, r-f O rl *- *^ «■ -ij »;■ e ,.- 1-^ r-^ ^^ *. o -t; ^ ^ ? o = t-H r-H O •-I f-t +- -^ o ~ .^ iV & i — - — c »— 1— — , c Ph is r ' ? 1= o ^ CI o c c c - Cj CJ -> c i^ c ■ 0- 04 c. r^. ^ ■B B 3 - =. f»* <^ r*> ,^ * f^ Ph Ph •- 1—1 H <1 M << o cc H O -r O H P CI P 5 OCT' <; - r_' C^'X3 TA VJ W r/i CTj r/. VJ . . . . Vj S. *- ^ *- ^J *- _.•*-' ^ *- '/. Wj . • '/J X' *-» ccsSSaS =5 = 2.5S5= — dSS '/J -/. /. -It Ui Hoa, O ; o u u ^ ^t - 1 ^5 W «. CO c ^ M , - - . sr .TO ^ • = 535 r5cS.5 • «l V. -/. tfi «., -/, Wj . W ♦i = c = C = c = ■ ' = .*C ^3 fc ^? :^ :-:■ c r^ ^ '■C crj •- a— i; a •- c «J ... . r/j , .^ *j o^ r r r "^S w — w *; - c n--, c ^ =■-., = s c o :j -^ . V - . . o •'/.' . « :, S ^ B,=.3 =.= a = - V 3 ^S. a i.TfisaiS— !ia.?iwaiS.% S . J, :„ c = c .„ . .« ■fi?5 ■?ia,a- = = C ;,.C it '-^ i IS"-:— rs = i,oi.i.— I • I * . '/ 7* tfi . ^ i ! ! ■'•^C 'ci'ZjJ !"= = = ; .0 ; ^ .. , .;■/,' ^ w '_ ■ -~ 10 ••-.-«• -■' -ro ^ -^ '-^ ■ — ti ;-:i — — — — — ^ ^?'^1 ^ ^ . ', . ii\ 1. i. . \ '. '. . :'5: : :c = =:_ : ■^= ■2:o:^-c:~= = c ■ r-" CJ ■ - -f I.- I.- w .-H O 0) !< ! . - ! ^ . '. I tJ .■/ , w 1; V t^ : : ■. : ■ e = = ! ^ : ! : ■ ii ■ O,*.!-,-. IJrM i i' i- ; . f ; O . , •. U ./_, :^ V O - ■ t, • ^T-r-tr u 1 t- U »- ' ' w • ^ S ^ Zi OJ^ ^ ^ ^ : :k^ ^'i^aiifiSaSSM : ;S :a "•2 • 5iE = : •" :£r: I, 2 to • ~ : i-tc ^ 2.S • — -— C -,n— S S . I Ij (/J !2 • S C —• 7J «' ' . ^ c o ^ t. o 5— -= 5-= t: if £ t: I c: c Cj -i« -^ c SiSS : • • • i.s^^ M :_ioi » u „- • ./^ ■/.. 5J « '/i . . . • s . wlO • S ♦J 5JIO . S a „:•>.• :i.« . V L> • -i! = r e. c . o — a,--' ? •*.- 0-,-. _•<» a, ??i :« -a,!'! ■'jja.a.Snw^f^'-:'! ^ i.'^ c . s r I? a.u St tL - = a — c. ■ t. c • o cs :'^ - 0; .^ ^ '" .-■ ^ t. <" 3 c C " « o " .-- U I- CXi !i--C 5;j5 S S g' s.=^ g SSStSgH : 7, . :.s^- r^, ■■* : ; S 3 • t*' : c : :j< o i-j : c ; ; li s!: : s ._— *. c 3 "- ;~ s -■ 4J*^ QQ 1 - '/. v. • S 01 41 a ■ciJ^ - = a ■ a a : i^ :: s 0' OP :!f5S - I. u : s.a -.;■;? :s £ : cs • ■o : a : S *— ., : = t 3 2;^ £-55 3 fc »,, L> a ci: .3 « /J _ a oj eJTJ a b .^ -Ti W— a)- ' CQOQCGOQCaCQ 150 APPENDIX. III.— COMPARATIVE STATKIMEN'r (»F TITK RATES OF TISIPORT DUTIES 1874, BO'J'II Act nf Act of July an, 1840. Mar. 3, l*". Iron, old scrap ;iO [jcr cent. . ' 2-i \)vr cent. ciist ' wrmit-'lit 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 I 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 ;!3 34 35 30 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 46 Act of Mar. 2, 18G1. Tmi, .SI). pig 30 per cent. • ill liiirs. Iilddiiis. Iiiill>, liKips, rods, sliilis (imirc iid- viiiiccd tlitiii piK. less timn li!ir>), or other fcirni. . . . ,'!0 per cent. • liar.<, rolled or liiininu'rccl, n.n.p,, iiicludiiiK lliil.< not less tliiiii 1 inch nor ir.orc tliiin T inches wide, nor less than i inch nor more than L' inches thick, ami rounds less tlian '_. inch or more tliaii I inches dia- meter, and S(|nares not less than \ inch ur more, than 4 inches S((uare i ditto, including Hats not less than 1 nor more than 2^ inches wide, i to 2 inches thick, viilne under ^'lO 24 per cent. . .j Ton, ,iiO. . . 24lpor cent. •• per ton. ditto, ditto, value over S">0 |ier ton bars, rolled or hammered, cumprisiiifr Hals less th.in 7 iiudics \yide. rounds less than \ inch or more than 4 inches in iliarneter, .'ind si|iiares less than J inch or more than 1 inches sipnire ditto, inchidint; Hals, not less than 1 imdi nor more than inches wide, nor less than ' inch normore than 2 inches thick, and rouinls not less than J inch nor more than 2 inches in diameter, aiiil S(|nares not less than i inch nor more than 2 inches Sijuarc ditto, includinjr Hats less than ; inch and not more than 2 inches thick nor less than 1 inch or more than inches wide, rounds less than .; inch or more than 2 inches in diameter, . and srinares less than : inch or more than 2 inches S(|Uare other descriptions of rolled or hammered, n.o.p bars, forrailroads or inclined planes, made to iialtern and Htted to be laid down, not abcive li inches hiith band, hoop, slit, rolled or hammered (lHii2),and scroll from i inch to inches wide, not below jS thick (1*14) 3(1 per cent ■ ditto, tmni ( inch toll inches wide, less than J thick. not less than \o. 20 wire (raiiue ditto, thinner than .\o. Ltl wire sraufie boiler and other plate not less than .3-10 inch thick rods. nail, or spike, slit, rolled or hammered sheet, smooth (U' polished, all (lalvauiscd or coated with zinc other, common ur black, not thinner than .No. 20 w i re ija n«e thinner tiian No. 20. not thiiuier th.iii Ao.2o. thinner than No. 25 si|uarcs, marked on one side Ton, $15. Ton, $15. j Ton, $20. 'T.ai,sl2 . 24 per cent. . . Ton, s20 all other, of iron or steel anchors and parts thereof andirons, cast anvils axles, and parts thereof blacksmiths' hammers nv sledsres bolts, wrcuinht butts, cast eastings, n.o.p. .'iu per cent. cables or chains, or parts thereof chaius, trace, halter, en- fence, of wire or rods, J inch in iliarneter ur more ditto, under \ inch, not less than { inch diameter. , . .. ditto, under ; inch, not les,5 than No. i» wire gause. . ditto, under No. 9 wire gaujjc hatters' irons . . hiriKcs, east hinges, wrought hollowware, glazed, tinned malleable, in castings mill irons and cranks j Ton.:i;2:) Pound. 2 Pmmd, 2 ' Ton, $-20 . I Ton, $'25 . I Ton, $30 cuts, cuts, Pound, li cts. 24 per cent. Cwt.,$l'25... Poun . . . ..'Ton, .SIS. 50. Pound, 1 cent ' Poniul, 1 ceu. Pound, 1 cent| Ponnd, 1 ce Ton,.S20 Ton, <^'2r> ut Pomul.li rts. Pound, 14 ctSj Pound, li cts.' Pound, 14 ct.-J. Pound, li ets.| Pound, If cfs.i Pound, ij ct.s.t Pouncl, If cts. 100 lb.«., (10 a! 10Olbs.,7()ef.':. lOd lbs..70cts. 100 lb,;( 'LUSI VF.— Coiitimuul 1 ActH of Aors 01 .Ael^of .Miir. 25.'2(!. 27, Aols of Actsof '•'''""••'?;• ''f.'J- lS(i7. Acts of Acts of Aug. a, WW. .lulyll,lS(VJ. . Mmi'..,1H(i:.. May ;i, 1803. ! 'V,'"'- W'-' }^ v' 1 .\ljiy 1(), lHli ciils. I'diiiid. 5('iils. Pound, 5 ('Ills Pound, 5(Uils. 48 Toil, ,s2.) Ton. s:V\ Pdiiiid.2('nls. Pdiiiid. 2 cuts. I'dunil, 2 cnls. Pound, 2 ('Ills, 40 I'liund. ' ('(Mil. Pound. ,('('iit.' Ponnil, 1', els. Pound. 1 '. cts. Pound, r. cts. Pdiind. I '. els. SO Pdm, .■>■-'■) T .s.iil . . .: Pound. 2 cuts. I'diiiid. 2 ('Ills. Poiin'1.2 cnt-^. Pdiiiid.2eiits. 51 PclUllll, 1 ('('Ml. Pdiind, i; cts. Pound. 1 ' els Pound, r. cts. Pound, r. cts. Pound. 1 ' els. 52 I'liuml 1 '. cts. PdUlhl, 1 ; els.' I'ound. 2^ els. Pdiiijil, 2'. els. Pound, ■.; ' els. Poiiiiil. 2. cts. .53 I'duiid. .■) i'nl.<. Pdiind.ii', els. Pound. S cuts. Pound. S cuts. Pound, S cuts. Pound, Hciils. 54 I'ourid, Sciil,<. Pound, ill cts. Pound, 11 ds. Pound, 11 ets. Pound. 11 cts. Pound. 11 ets. 55 .'ill per ccMl .■J.) per ('('111 . 1 .'l."i per ceiil . ■ .'I'l per eelll • • • .'15 per ('('111 ■ 3 ) per cent 56 I'ound, 1 ('('III. Pound, 1! cts. Pound. 1' els. PdUliil. 1 '. els. P id. r. cts. Pound, r, cts. 57 I'diiiid. Iceiil. I'diind, 1 1 cts. I'oiiiiil, ll cts. Pound, 1' els. Pound. I !• ct.s Pound, P, cts. .58 Mille.2ccnls. .Millc.2c('lits. .Millc. 2.Un(s. Mille.2'. cuts. .Mille,2', els . Mille,2'. cuts. '.10 pr. cent. 5il Pdiiiid, '.'('Ills. Pdiiiid. 2cnts. Pound, .iciils. Pound, .".('Ills. Pound, .'leiils. Poiiinl, llciits. ('ill Ill per ('('111 .. Ill per cent . . .'10 per cent ■ ' .'10 per cent 311 per eeiil 30 per cent . •.! Pound, r. (Is. I'ound. 21 cts Pound..! cnls. Pound, ociits. Pound, .1 cts. Pound, .iciils. ties. (W Pound. 2 cuts. Pound, 2i cts Pound. 2\ \ ;ii PouihI,;!'. ets. Pound, .'{j cts. Pound, 31 cts. 03 cents. Pound, 1 ('('III. Pdund. 11 els. I'dUlid, 11. ets. Pound. Ij cts. Pound, I J els. Pdiiiid, 1' (^Is 64 l(IOIhs..7.'")('t.s. II).. 1 ; ('('Ills \ II).. 2 cents \ lb.. 2 cents * II).. 2 cents .^ II).. 2 eelit.s A- \- IT) p c l."i p. c. 15 p. e 15 p e 11).. 3', cei'its',v 15 p. c ft5 UK) Ills., .si .iO II).. .'! cents \ 11).. .'!'. cents It lb.. .'!'. cents a- lb.. 3! cuts n ,^ IT) p. (' 15 p. c 15 p c 15 p. c 15 p. c 15 p. c 67 IIHI lljs., .S2 A II)., 4 cents ,v 11).. 4 cents ,v 11).. 4 cents .v 11)., 1 cents ,v- 11).. 4 cents \. 15 PC .... I5r). c 15 p. c 15 p c 15 p c 15 p c 68 Pound, 5 (.'Ills. Pound, 5 cnls. Pdiiiid,5 cnl.s. Pound, 5 cuts. Pound, !y cnls. Pdiiiid. iciits. 69 Pound,!', cts. Pdiiiid,2eiit3. Pound, 2 cuts. Pound, 2cnts. Pound, 2 cuts. 69 .'iO per cent .1") percent. . . 35 percent. •• '■Vi percent . .'i5 per cent . . . 3) lie.' cent. Free 70 71 3(1 p(;r('cnt... .'!5 |icr cent . . . .'i.') per cent. ;J5 percent.. 35 per cent. ■ 35 per cent . 72 73 74 Pound, 1] cts. Pound, 11 els. Pdiiml,21 ets. Pound, 21 cts. Pound. 21 cts. Pound, 21 cts. 75 Pound, 2 cuts. Pound. 2'. cl.s. Pound, .'i cuts. Pound. 3 cuts. Pound, .'i cuts. Pound, 3 cuts. 76 Pmiiid,.'!'. cts. ,V 10 p. e l'diind,3', cts. ,\, III p. i'.... Pound, .1'. els. ,v 10 p. e... Pound, 3', cts. ,1; 10 p. c... 77 2(1 iicrccnt ... 25 per cent . 1)0 |icr cent . . •10 per cent. . .10 per cent .. .id |)cr cent .. 78 I'oKiid, r. cts. Pound, 1 , cts. Pound. 21 cts. Pound. 21 els. Pound, 2.'. els. Pouni|.2| ct.s. 79 Pound, 2 cuts. Pound, 21 cts. Pound, .'iciits. Pound. 3 cuts. Pdund,.'! cnls. PdUnd. .'iciits no pr. cent. 80 Pound. 3', ets. \ 10 p. "c... Pound, 3', cts. ,v 10 p. C'.. Pdiiiid, .1'. ets. .V 111 p c. ... PdUiid. 31 cts. ,^. 10 p. e... dt cxist- iiiK dii-' •SI 1 ties. I'oiiiid, L'ciils. Pdiind,2 cuts. I'ound. 2'. cts. Pound. 2', cts. Pound. 2', els Pdiind. 2'. cts.| ,^- U) p. c. . . . \ 20 p. c .v20 p c... .V '20 p ( ,v'2) p. e.... .(,' 'Jl p. c....; 82 I'oiiiid. 2'. cts Pound, 2'. cts. I'dnnd,3 cuts. Pound. 3 cnls. Pound..'! cuts. Pound, 3cnts.| \' 15 p. 0- ' " 1 ,(,' 20 p. c. . ■ \ 20 p. c • . .^- 20 p . c . . . . ,(,- '20 p . c . . . . \ '20 p. c ...I Pdiiiid,9ent9., \- 10 p. c... 83 1 84 20 percent. . 30 percent.. 30 per cent 30 per cent. •• 30 i.er cent. . 30 per cent. Pound, U ets. Pound. I cent. Pound, Cents. &;«) p. e... 85 8li 87 Pound, Ociits. .1- 30 p. c Pound, Gents. * 30 p. c. . .. .. Pound, cnls. ,k;iOp. c Pound, tiouts. *.'i0 p. c... 88 30 per cent. •• ' 45 percent. • 15 percent. 45 per cent. • • 45 percent. 45 percent- .. Hll 160 APPENDIX. IV.— COMrAKATIVK STATKMKNT OF TlIK UATKS OK FIVII'OUT DUTIKS I'NDKIJ TIIIO SKVKUAI. TAKIl'K ACTS, FROM .UNK JU', ls7l, TO .lANFAliY 1, IHHI. (NoTK.— Portions cil' till! text inrr cent Iron, blind. (Si'e IIooii lielow.) liar, rolk'd or liiMnnivrcd. cuiuiirisiin.'— f/itln, /' •*« thnu iiu'/i 'If ni'tft ffi'iii - inrhiti thii-h, ur Iihh lliun t iiwh iir iimrr tlinii (i iarlux irjil, ; ihiihiIh Iihh llinii , or iiioi'r ! tfittit 2 iitrhts in iiiiunth r ; squirt h hnn t/itni ; nr nifn-f t/inn 2 [ iiiffn s sifnori ^ ■ i fliilii, II it linn lliiiii 1 iiii li ii'ir iiinrr llimi I'l ill' Inn irii/i , iiur Ims lliim i iinr niiiii limn 2 iiirlnH lli'nk ; runnils nut /'in lima ,' ' nnr iiini'i limit '1 itii-li* >i III iliiiiiii li r : ttijiiiins nut Iims thnn ; ! niir iiiiirt limn ~ inili- 1 iiiiinn ! Pound, 1 rent. (Hilt.- not ii'ss than 1 incli wiiliMmr less than of 1 inch lhicl<).| Pound. S-10 cent- round iron not Ic^s liiaii , <>t' I iiicli in diarnclcr. and t<(|uari' iron not less than , of 1 iiidi .•■iiuari' I'cuind, 1 cent. flats less than 1 inch wide, cir less tlum • ot 1 inch thick;! ; round iron less thiin , of 1 inch, and not less than 7 lii nf 1 inch in diameter: ami si|uaru iron less than ; nf I incli S(iuare) (f'niridnl. That all iron in slahs, blooms, Inops, nr other forms less tinishcil than iron in bars, and more advanced tlian |ii(r-iriin. cxpc|pI caslinus. shall be rateil as irnn in liai's,aiiay a ijtily acciiiiliuKly : and nunc of Ihc above iron sli ill pay a less duly than) .'tj percent • • ■ {I'niriiliil fi'iilii r. 1 hat all iron bars, blooms, billots, or si/.os or sliapcs of any kinil, in ihc manufacture of which char- 1 coal is Used as fuel, shall be suli.iect to a duty of | Ton, .■>22. bar (cold rolledl, addilional duty, (."^ce LStcel int-'ots) ■ Pound, 1 (•cut. liars or shapes of riilled irnii, n.o.p.t'. (t>ec ForKiiiKs) Pound, 1| cents... Piaiiid. I 2-l()ecnts. blooms. (!*ec Har-iron. abiive.J loops. (>Sec l!ar-iroii, abipve.) slabs. iSc(^ liar-iriin, above.) charcoal. (See 15iir-iron, uliove.) blanks, presseil, sheared, or stamped shapes, cir id' coiubina- I tion ot steel and iron, punched or not punched. (See ,S(cel ■ ingots.) (boihr or other plate iron) (slicared or uiishearcd). (.^ee also Sheet iron, below) j . ifol lins tliiin ;{-!(> of nil inili in thirk'iUHn Pound, 1 ', cents n.ii.p.f. J Ton,.ii25. (skelp iron, sheared or rolled in ».'rooves). (See also Sheet iron, lielow) ; , . (Hat, with loniiitudinal ribs, for the maim fact lire of fenciiis) Pound, li- Id cent- (torgiiiKs of iron and steel, or forced iron, of whatever shape j or in whatever stiiRe of mannfactiire, not specially cniime- i rated or provided for in this .Act ) .. , \. forgin(.'s of iron and steel, for vessels, steam eiiKines, and locoiiuttives, or parts thereof, weiKhinsr, each, 2o pounds i or uuire i Pound, 2 cents . Pound, 2 cent.s. (hoop or band or scroll, or other iron, 8 inches or less in width, anil not thinner than No, 10 wire-KiiiiMre thinner than No. Id wire-naiine, and not thinner than No. 20 wire tfaiiKe thinner than No. 2(1 wirc-gaiipe. ... Inind, Imop, iniil avnill irnn, /mm ' In •< Inrlii'H iridi , nut lliiiiin r timii I, infli ^ , nmiir l inili, nnd mil lliiiiin r llnni No. 20 ii'iri-fiimni' /// iiini r lima .\i>- 20 irin -inniiv j /Voi;j(/t'i/, That all articl(^s imt s|iccially eiiumciated lu' pro- I vided lor in this Act, whether wholly or partly manulac- tiired, maile from sheet, plate, hoop, band, ipr scroll iron lierein provided for. or of which such sheel, plate, hoop, band, in- scroll iron shall be the matitrial of chief value. .shalf pay I of 1 cent per pound more ihity than that iin nosed on tno iron from which they are made or which shall be .such material of chief value) Pound, IJ cents. Pniiiid, 1 1 cents Pound, li-lO ceil Piaind, 2J cents. Pound, 2 cent.s. Poiinrl, 1 cent. PonniM 2-10(,eiits, Pound, 1 -l-lOceuts. Pound, 1 1 cents Piuind, 1! cents. Pound, 1 ; cents. Pound, I cent, ad- ditional. APPENDIX. 161 IV.— (OMl'ARATIVK ST.VTKMENT OK IMI'OUT DITIKS, i^r.-C(>ntimie«l. ISt'i^ III lie nil tiil|iliiiri'l nl iniii i>i it> iiiitiinil j ^'tllt)'. riiiiliiiiiini.' imt iiiori' lliiiii .'<' pri' ri'iililiii ul' rii|i|i('i' I'mrii/ii/. I'liiil nil' I'liiilaiiiiiiu iihhi' iIi.iii - jn'i' ci'iiliiiii nl uli' HI' I'cliisr iiiiii iir .^li'rl ilia I lia,- liei'ii in actual list' ami i" tit mily to lir reiiiaiiiilartiii'i'il. I nliitt'. (Si'r .^hci't-iroii, liclinv, ami linilri' nl-nlliri'lilatr. aliiiM'.) (lailway-liars.wi'iljriiiii;; iiinic tlian '-'."i imiimls tn ilic van I) I'liiiinl. 7-l(t ci'iil. l>ll|ll|ll,3 lOlTIlt 'I'liii, 7-') ('('111,'* Tiiii, 75 ct':,ls. I Ton, ".') cotitn. I Tun, 7'i i^eiits. I I'llllllll, 1." (M'lllS. Tun.. 157 I .'ill per cent . . . . I Ti'i'i'i's** ■ • ■• 1 ''""'"'••' '"'■'■"' 'i'liii. .Till .'id per cent l'iiiiml.7 lOiiMit. Tmi, .'^17 , I'inuiil, I '-' liunt.i. . PiiumI, rj-Ktcnlh. I Pound. I 1-10 cnts. 30 per cent nd- niadc in part nl' si it I wi'iKliiii); iiiorc than 'J'' pniind- tn yard t'niiml, 1 cent lulls III!' rillli-iiiiilx 111- iilrliiiiil lilililiH IlKI III-:.. 70 I'l'lll'' nillcd ill liar,- nr ,-lia|ii's, ii.n.|i.r.. ._■ liHi|l,.<,, \\ cents (I'niind. in (-nils nr rnil>, l('s,< tliaii 7-lii nl' 1 ini'li in dianii'trr. and liar," nr ,slia|n',- 111' inllcil inm imt >|iucially cniinicr.ili'd nr prnvidi'd Inr in this Act ) I ril.st allnwaiii'es. (.'^rc alter Wmilnlit irini.) seraii, wmiiKht nr eiist. (, wire iraiiiie Pniiiiil, 1', ei'iils . • ■ Pound, 1 2-10 ents Ihinner tlian Nn. 25 wire-KUiiKe, niid imt thinner tlian \o. l^.i wire-KaiKje I'miml, II cents .. • Pinind, 1 5-10 ents (thinner tlian .\n. 2!l wire-triiiiire Pound. 1 ; cents . ) and all inm eniiiinercia'ly known as cninninn nr black ta^r- / (lers' irnii (wlietlier jiiit iip in lin,\es nr luiiidles or imt) . (iO per cent ... ) (.!»(/ iii-iii-idnl. That nil ,'il| siicli irnii and steel sheets or plates al'ori'saiil. excepting on what are known eninincr ciiilly as tin-plates, lerne-plates. and la^-'ilers" tin. and | licreafter prnvided tor. wlieii (.'alvani/.ed nr dialed with zinc or sjieltcr nr other uielals, nr any alloy nl those metals) per pniind ailditimial. I.'^ee jiniler irnn, aliove) .... sheet (or sheet-steel), sinnoth nr imlished (planished or Klaneed), by w hatever name designated , .... il'ifiriilitl. 'I'hat plate nr sheet nr tiiHtJers' iron, by what- ever liaiiie desimiated, otlier than the polislied. plan- ished, or (.danced herein iirnvided tor, which lias lieen pickled or cleaned liy aeid or liy any nlher nialevialor pinccss, all,! which is eold-rnlled, shall iiay ; leiit per pniliid more diliy than the enrrespniidiiif; ^'all.!,'es nl' cniii- innii nr black sheet or taj-'Kers' irmi) (sheet iron or steel eorrugiited or crimped.) (8ee Iron sheets or |iliiies,beliiw) | Pound, 1 4-10 ents iranitinl till ])tiil's . I'liiiinl. 2 icnl.-' I'oiiikI, 21 emits, i'liiiiiil, 1i I'L-rits. Inin, liiKKcrs'i cciiiiiiniii or iiliick. (Scr Slicrl ircm, iiIhui) .;il per ('ciil (cdlil I'lillc.l mill iiii'kli'il. Ill I'lc'ini'il li.v ih'kI, nr iillit'i'- wi.-i'.) (.'^(•c .""iiri'l inm. .iliiiM') ,..,. (or »il> .iml l(iii|i!<. fur iIk' iiiiiiiii- faclMrrdt rivi'l.'i, siTf«>. iiiiils, mill Ii'iucm. iml lik'lili'r tliiiii N'd. ."i wircniiiiur. viiliiril ill iml nvrr .".l rciit.^ |i('i' imiiiiil) . . fuiiiid iriitt , iu rnit,',i-U\ fit' lilt ittvh 'If fms in il titiin li i\ trhi tin r fiHttiil trifli nil t*'f 'II' ti'il nil iiititi'/, itii'l lilt, lit Mii-tfitiiHit ii/ iron iriri, (iiiil irii'i nl nliiili inm in it iniiiiinni ttl luiil, nut iilltit- ir'tKi- lii'ifi'l'il till . iSrc Wire.) mi'iiiikIiI. !<'<' A\H»^' or imiIs lliurrnf, tvriKliiiiff 'I'y iiouiid..' or iiKirc. (Scf AtimI^^, lii'lmv) (Nl) iillnwiiiicc (ir ii'iliicticiii iiT iliilirs Inr inii'lial ln.^s m- (liiiiiiiitc ill riiii.'^i'i|Mi'Mi-r lit' ni.-l III- i|i..liiill lit! iiiiiiii' iipiiii liny i|('-i'ri|iiii>ii ul' iiiiri nr >lrrl, nr iiimhi iiii.v imrlly niiiniil'mlinril iiili. Ii' ul iimi m' slrcl, or iiimim imv iimiiiilin'liirt' of iron nr .-lei'l) i.tniil nti ii'iliiln'l Uimntu nit 1 1 1 ifiiit. ininiiiliii'liirt's of, iiiiclior.<. or part." ol inicliroti.«.ec Hcains, below). , (a.vle-liars) • (lilanks) (or steel) axles, parts tlicrecl, (iixlediars, axle-lilanks, or forg- inR.H for axles, witlimit reference to the staise or slate of inaiiiifaetiire) ((ir steel lieains, Kirdcrs, .ioisis, angles, channels, car truck channels, T T colnnins and posts, or pans or sections of columns and posts, deck iinil hiilh heanis, and linildinc forms, louether with all oilier sirnctiiral shapes of iron or steel ) (or steel) hhicksiniths' hammers and sledges Pound, 2', cents (track tools). ...| (wcdpes, and) (crowliars) (boiler tubes, or lines, or stays, of wroiighl iron or steel) (other wrouulit iron or steel tubes or pipes). siKiin, iiiin, of iriiiif Ittlii'K, wnil ilninof ii'ruuiilil iron .... Pound, 31 cents. (bolt blanks.) (.See Rivets, below) bolts 3i) percent with or without threads or nuts. (See Kivets. below) brads, spritrs, or tacks, cut, not over Kiozs. to the .M. (See(!ul tacks, below) !Per.^^.2l eent.s over llio/.s. to the M Pound, .i cents huildinn-foruis. (See Beams.) bulb-beams. (.See Ueanis, above.) cast-iron vessels, plates, stove-plates, andirons, sadirons, tailors' irons, hatters' irons and all otlier castinps of iron not specially enumerated or iiro- vided for in this Act cast-iron pipe (of every description) {iilniin, iiaa, uml tnitei) .... Iiitlts unit Itingrti (castings, n.o.ii.f.) (See Oast iron above) ,..., malleablo, n.o.p.f Pound, 2i cents . . Act of March.f, I8H,1. .'Ill per cent. .'Jii per (■( nl. and I cent per poiiihl. pound, li-IO cent. pound, 2 cents. PoimhI. 2 cents . l'ouni|,2;; cents. Pound, Ii cents . 30 per cent Pound, Ii cents . Pound, 21 cunts. Pound, 1 i cents. f I'oiind, 2'. cent . |f Pound, ;; cents. Pound, 21 cents. I / Pound, '1\ cents. Per M. '1\ cents. Pound, 3 cents. Pound, 11 cents. I'ound, 1< cents. Pound, 1] cents. Pound, 2 cents- APPKNDIX. \i\:\ JV.— ('()MI'.\|{.\TIVK STATKMKNT OF IMl'ORT IH'TIKS. .S:. .-( ..iilimi.'.l. {>Sf« iiiit(> oil till) III' |iugo 16(1 t'lir (ix|ilunatiiin nf ti'.xt in iliiliuK iiiiil |larlMlllu'^'^H,J ARTICLES KNl'MRHATRP. i 1 Its. Ir of Iriiri or sto)*!, licit Ic.-^.- t lull I tlirct' t'oiiitliN III mil' iiii'li in iliiiiiiutiTl (Ii'.^.-i tliiiii tliri'f riiiirtliH III' mir iiii'h iiinl nut li',-"!i llmn Ihrce- t'iulillis 111' iiiii' iiii'li in (liiiiiii'liT) III'.".'! tliiiii tliiri' i'IkIi'Iis III' IIIII' inuli in iliiiiiiuli'r) . . . cliiiiiiii'l.'<, I'lir Inii'k rliiiiiiH'l.-. (Sor Hi'iiiii", iilmvo.) rnliinins iinil (m.-i!'. (SiM' iJuiiliin, iiliiivu.) (mill stci'l I'littiiii-tii's. or liiHipn. tnr luiliiiK imriMi.>.i'n, imt tliin- ncr lliiiii No. 2(» wirr hiiiiki') (iTow- liars.) (Si'i' m.'ii'ksmillis' baninierH, nbuve). (ilcck-biain.'^.) ISoi- Heanis.aluvvo I (ti.«li-|iliiti'> or Hiiiii'i-biirs.) (Si'u Kiiilwa.v, bcluw) tines, wroni-'lit. (S«i" Uoiler tubi-s, iibovo) (I'orKiiiKs.) (Si'o Iron I'orBinns.abovi') . . . (I'liriteil sliot-ciiii harrrls, ionttli horeil) (({inli'ra.) <.">i'o Hi'iinis.abovr.) haltrrn" irmii', cast. (Soc Ca.^l iron, above) hinBc." (llniMbeil and hiiiKi' blanks.) (Svc Kivot.s, below.) (hob-iiiiils.) (."iec llortieshopiiails, below). hollow-wiiri' iroatcil). KJazi'd or tinneil Hcv Stat of .Illlli'L".' 1W7J. Alts of Fi'briiarv ^. I"*"." .Maii'h 1, |H7,'i .liliv I,1H7!1 .liini) 11, isxii MayC, |H>*:'. Ib'i' iTi, IH82 Act > .Maivli.'l if l'oiiiid,.S} centu I'oiiiid, 1' cents Pound, 2] ci'iits boop.", for lialiiiK iiurpo.scs. not tliinnir than No. ;',i) wirn-Raii(.'c Poiiml, 33 cpiits .'W |icr rent Pimnd.6 t'cni.s. Free Pound. '21 I'ents .'io per rent Pound, liocnt.s Pound, 1' oent.s Pound, cent.s . Pound, 2': rents (See Cotton ties, above) hoops, other, wholly or partly iiianiifaetiirod. (fSee IImii|i, liuiid, and .Seroll.) horseshoo nails — hub-nails ami wire nails,) and all other wroimht (iron or steel) .steel) nails, (not sperially eniinii'rated or provided fur in this Ai;t) (borshoes.) (See Spikes below) magnets malleable eastings. (See rastings, above) maniifai'tiires of, n.o.p.f mill-irons and niill-eranks. (See Auvil.s, above) (inule-shi)i's.) (See S|iikes, below) nails, out, and spikes (ot iron or steel) (hob.) (See Horseshoe-nails, above) horseshoe. (See llorseshoe-nails, above) •• (wire nails.) (.See Horseshoe nails, above) wrought C.o'in/), n.o.p.f. (,Sce Horseshoe nails, above) ... . nuts, wrought. (See Spikes, below) | Pound, 2e('nts (o.x-shoe.s.) (See' Spike.s, below) ! railway-bars, weighing more than 2,") pounds to the yard) made in part of steel . Pound . 1 eent (weighing more than '.ii pounds to the yard) Iiiirsftir riillniiidx >ir ln< liiiiil iiliiiim (rails, flat, punched.) (See Kails, below) (rails, l( , (or steel.) weighing not over 25 pounds to the yard). (iron or .steel Hat rails, punched) (railway tish-pbitcs or splice-bars) (tires.) (See 'I'ires, below) ribs, stretchers, iVc. (See I'mbrellas.) (or steel) inoiiplil Ixuinl iitiiU bolts (with or without threads or nuts, or bolt-blanks, and | finished hinges or hinge-blanks) ;i.5 percent sad irons. (See Cast-iron) Pound, 1) cents screws, commonly called wood-.scrcws, two inches or over in length ■ Pound, S cents .. . one inch and less than two inches in length Pound. II cents . . over one-half inch and less than one inch in length .. Pound, II cents • one half inch and less in length Pound, II cents .. ti/ iitiii iiIIki- tiiflal thiiii iriin, anil all other hovwh o/' iron, i.ic'pt ii-iinil nii-i)ci I ;i,T per cent ■ lull II ml irriiiifilil-iriin liiiigeH ! Pound, 'J', cents (shoes, horse, iniile, oro.x.) (See Spikes, below) . . nkiiUn loslino -" finli or lma])i r piiir Pair, H cents. .'i') per cent Pound, 2* cents KIO Ibi TO cents Pound, 12' cents imr Ltl I'riils jiir i>air- sicdgos, blacksmiths'. (See lilacksmiths) . Pound, 1] cents. Pound, 2eents. Pound, 2( cents .Ti per crlit i'ound, -) cents. Pound, l! cents Pound,. '{ cents Pound. 2\ cents 10 percent Piiiiml, 1 1 cents Pound. '_'' cents I'liiind, I cents Pound, ■'$ cents. •io per cent Pound, i cents. Pound, 2 cents. Free. Pound, 2 cents ■J-'i per cent J Pound, 2 cents 1 Pound, 1 1 cent.s. '• Pound, 4 rents i ^ Pound, 2 cents. Pound, 7-10 cent- Toll, ,i;l7. I Pound. 8 10 cent. Pound, !)-ltl cent. Pound, H-10 cent. ' Pound, 1 1 cents. Pound, 2i cents. Pound, 2i cents. Pound, 1! centi!. Pound, tj cents. Pound, 8 cents. Pound, 10 cents. Pound, 12 cents. Pound, 2 cents. Pound, 2i cents. 11 164 APPENDIX. IV.— C0:MPAKATIVE statement of import duties, c*ic.— Continued. [Soo note on top of page 160 for explanation of text in italics and parentheses. J ARTICLES ENUMEBATED C'/(. Iron, wrought (or steel) niilroml < spike." nuts. wasliers, rcmli/ iiumhitl. ■ njiira! fiiniiliire npriiiffs, mwiiifarlunti /mm iron win sprifts, not c.\cecdinp 16 ozs. to the exceeding Ki ozs. to the M. Hquurm, marked on ciit aide M. Rev. Stat, of Juno •.-.', 1H74. Aet.-i of February S. 187"). Mareh 3, 1875. Julyl, lS7!t. .lune 14, 18S0. May C, 1882. ]Jec. 2;i,1882. Act of March 3, 1883. 75 cents and ,S1 a dozen, and 'M) percent I Lineal foot, 12Jcts. Pound, 2 cents I'lmiid, '2\ cents . . Pound, 2 cents .. Pound, 2 cents . . . . Pound, 2 cents, A ]."> per cent Per .M.2i cents ... Pound, .'i cents . . . Piiuiid, 3 cents, A .SO per cent nil oilier, of iron or steel Pound, (i cents, A :)0 per cent (stays, hoiler, wrought) stove-plates, cast- (See Cast iron) Pound, U cents .. (structural shapes of iron or steel ) (.See Heanis. above) (tires, iron or steel, locomotive, car, and other railway, or parts thereof, wholly or partly manufactured.) (See Steel wheels) \ tees. (Sec Beams above.) wire. (See Wire.) Saws (circular) cross-cut Per foot, 10 cents back " hand and all other saw.s, not specially enumerated or provided for in this Act mill, pit drag, and saws not over nine inches wide, per lineal foot o'',^r nine inches wide, per lineal foot ' Lineal foot, 2o'cts Steel, in anu form, n.o.p.f. . . .' SO percent and all iuB,nufactures of steel n.o i).f . 15 fier cent All inannfuetureH if steil, or of ichirli hIiiI nhull hr a com- , ponent jxirt, not otherwine proeiUid for ; hut nil iirtielts of utirl piirliitllu ni'iniifiirtiired, or of which steel fihittl be a component port, not olhenrixe pronided for, shall pay the name rate of duly an ifn'holli/ nianiifaetured. detiiiition ot'—il'mrirleil. That all metal produced from iron or its ores, which is ■?■•=* •;.id malleable, or of whatever de- scription or form, without retrard to the percentage ot car- bon eontai. ed therein, whetlicr inoduced by cementation, or converted, cast, or nnide from iron or its ores, by the crucible, Bessemer, pneumatic. 'I'homas-tiilchrist, basic, iSiemens-Martin, or open-hearth pn.cess. or by thee(iuiva- lent of either. .>r by the combiuiition of I wo (ir more of the processes, or their equivalents, or by any fusion or other process which produces from iron or its ores a metal either granular or fibrous in structure, which is cast aud malle- able, excepting what is known as malleable iron castingb, shall be classed and denominated as steel), oai/ metal con- certed, cast or made, from iron till the liesii mer or jmeiimatic firoeess of whatererform or description shall be classed as steel. loys used as substitutes for steel tools bands of. all ga\iges and widths bars, beveled or tapered billets blanks, die pressed, sheared, or stamped, of sheet or plate steel, or combination of iron and steel, punched or not blocks, die blooms, by whatever process made castings, all descriptions and shapes of, whether dry sand, loam, or iron molded cogged ingots connecting rods crank-pins shafts die-blanks blocks gun-molds, not in bars I Pound, 1| cent, 1 Pound, 2 cents. Per M. 21 cents. PounJ, 3 cents. Pound, 3 cents. J Pound, Ij cents. Pound, 2J cents. .'iO percent. Lin. feet, 8 cents. 10 per cent. Lineal foot, 10 cts. Lineal foot, 15 cts. 45 per cent. 7#- APPENDIX. k;') rV.— COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF IMPORT DUTIES, &c.— Continued. [See note (in top dF iiiigu ItlO for e.xplatmtion ul' te.xt in italics and piirenllieses.J ARTin.ES ENl^MKllATKI). ii. nts. Its. nts- centsi. !cnts. ? cents. it. I, li) ct? 15cts lit. Rev. Stnf of Juno ii2, 1874. Acts of February 8. mr>. March 3. 1875. .July 1. 1879. June 14, 188(1. May «. 1882. Dec. 2:j, 1882. Act of March 3, 1883. Steel lianuiier-niiilcl?, or swaged steel lioops (if all gauf-'es am! widths inp">ts and cotrtjed ingots l>ins,(^rank and wrist pi^ldii-rods plate, pre.'^.-'ed. sheared, or stamped sliapes,(>r blanks of plates of all lliicknesse.s and widlh.s propeller shafts rods, eoi'.iiectiiig and piston shaft,-, steamer, crank, and (jther sinipes, pressed, sheared, or stamped. (.See above.) sheet or platv'. (See above.) fhccts of all trantres and widtlis si.'ibs. by whatever process made steamer shalts strips of all ^^ll!^.'es and widths substitutes. {.Sec Alloys al)ove.) 8wa«cd, or li a miner-molds tapered bars) I /( illl/nix ban coils .> nlutlH anU steel wire not Um tJmn one fourth of oiie-iiich in itiainetir Vitliied 'It neven eentu j)er iiouitil or leux • • . valued (It abime newn eentu rinil not above eleven centi per jHiunil ■ valvid at above eleven eentu jter iiound (tools. (See Alloys.) wrist-pins all the above classes of steel n.o.p.f. valued at not over four cents per pound valued above four and not over seven cents per pound valued above seven and not above 1(1 cents valued above Id cents jier pound (.Provided, That on all iron and steel bars, rods.slrips, orsteel .sheets, of whatever shape, and on all or steel barsof irrcKU- shape or section cold-rolled, cold-hammered, or polished in any way in addition to the ordinary process of hot-rolliiiK or hanimeriiiK. there shall be piid one-fourth cent per pound, in addition to the rates provided in this Act) (and on steel circular saw plates there shall be paid one cent per pound in addition to the rale provided in this Act.) (angles a.xles. and parts thereof. 1 uxle-bars I without reference to i .e stage I blanks f of manufacture. S' forgings for J beams, girders, joists, &c., and other structural shape.s. (See Iron beams) blacksmith's hammers and sledges = boiler-tubes. Hues or stays, wrought bolt-blanks bolts, witli or without thread or nuts building forms and bulb beams. (See Beams, above) chain or cliains. (Seolnni.) corrugated or crimped sheet car-truck channels channels columns, and parts and sections of . • decks-beams , fence wire rods. (See Wire rods below.) cotton tics. (See Iron) crowbars). cutlery, n.o.p.f tiles, tile-blanks, rasp.i, and floats of all cuts and kinds— (4 inches in length, and under c ''er4 inches in length, and under 9 inches 9 inches in length, and under 14 inches Pound, 2i cents. Pound, ,S cents. Pound, .3] cents, i 10 per cent. 4,5 per cent. Pound, 2 cents. Pound, 2! cents. Pound, 3} cuts. (See Iron beams) . ^Additional per 1 \ pound, i cent Additional per liouiid, 1 cent. Pound, 1| cents. Pound, 21 cents. Pound, li cents Pound, 2] cents. Pound, 3 cents. I Pound, 2} cents Pound, 11 cents. ' Pound, 1 4-10 cuts. 1 Pound, U cents. 35 percent. Z^ percent Pound, 2J cents .35 per cv.nt. 1 Dozen, .'15 cents I Dozen, 76 cents. ' Dozen, $1. 50. 100 APPENDIX., ±a^- -r=r- IV.— (OMl'AKATIVK STATK.MKNT OK IArk)KT l>l"rii:,< <^c.— foiitiniuil. |Sci' null' iirj |ii|i 111' |p.it'(! liiii fur cviiliiiiuliuii of Icxt in iliilli's iiml iiiircntlu^'tds.l 'H fl AUTICI.KS KNIIMKIUTEl) iSttM'l lill'S, I I ilJl'lll'> ill ll'IIKlll mill iivrl'l iini I iiiiilinii \» inrhiH ill liiii/l/i Kcv- Still- ol' .liiiir 2'2. 1H7I. Acts 1)1' FcliniarvS, 1h75. Aliirrh't, IH75. .Iiilv 1, IHT'.i. Jiirir II, IHHO. Miiv 11, 1HS2. Dec. i!, IHHL' iillillij 10 //((■//' s- //( Irillll/l . Hiiiiinl, III cents, A .'ill |ior rorit. I I'liiiinl, li (MMitH, k\ .'iO por ('(Mil.. j fri.'-li-|iliitcs, niilwiiv. (•>(•(■ 1 11 111) ' I Mill, willi luii^'iiinliiiiil I'ilis lur llic inniiiiriii'tiirc ul' t'lMiciii*; ' | lliinl.-'. I.Scc Iriiii lilc^.) ; tliK;-, Ijiiilcr, wniii(.'lil IdiKcd -111 it Kiiii liiii'iid-, niim'li IkiiciI Iiiilfiiit'- ol, iiir :i.\l('-, iVc. (Sci^ Iron) ^ j ii.ip.p-t- (St.'c Iriiii) i I (iir vessels, >:tc:i 111 ciKfinc", liiid locoindtivoH, (ir pun. j llieiciil', wei[.'liiiii! en ell L'.'i pdiiiicis ur limre i . . ! i{ivil(;rs. (S('(^ I run lieniiis) I riiimiiierH. (See JJI.ieksniillis, iilmve) i liiiitres, liiiiMlieil. mill liiiitre lihiiiks [ Ik Mips 1 1 II li,ilili(-' 111! 1 puses, (.siee I run eullun (it'.sj .; juisl-.) S('e I run lieains) Aef uf Aliireli .'i. lH«:i. .1 l)0Z(!ii,.i;2-.'il». knilliiii.-ii lie.s- M.u.p.r iiiiiiiiiliiehirei's iirliejes ur wiires n.u.p.r., wholly ur piirtly of, wliellicr wliiilly ur piirlly inii nil fuel n red ... nails, eiil •• •••• liub, wruiiKlit liursesliiK!, wroiinlil wruiiiflit., ri.o.p.f.^. niiil wire luiN. (, pun nils to the yard railwiiy-hiirs, wholly or piirih of, wcirhiiiK meri'i pounds to the yard 'tish-|iliiles spliee-hars tires, locoiniiiives, i^ir and other, or parts thereof). . . . hivuiiinlirf til r, ur imrtn thi-nut (wlie(ds and tires, ,Vc. (See fron) purposes, ilieet-lired wh(!els for, whether wholly or partly linished) rasps. (See I'Mles, almve.) rivet wire rods. (See Wire rods, helow.) (rivets. (See Iron) rods, wire. (See Win? rods.) suw plates, eireiiliir (see Steel eireillar saws)— ViiliK^d at I eeiits piT pound, or less 2,') per eeiit . 25 percent. found, 1 cent, ori 11 cents. pound, .'< eents. Valued aliove 4 cents, nnd not aliove 7 eenta per pound. . Viilved aliove 7 cents, and not ahovi? 10 cents p(M' pound. Viilui^d aliove 10 eeiils jier pound saws, (See saws.) sera II.) (See Iron) screw wire rods. (See Wire rods, li(dow.) scr(?ws, eoinmonly called wood screws 2 inciies I ir live I ill l(Mi«lh I I'oiind, S cents, . . (1 inch and) less I Ini II i; inches ill huiKlh i (Over ' iiieli ami less than 1 inch in leiiKlh / I'oiind, 11 cents. J inch and less in leni/lh) ! ) KCnii'*^ *'/' till!/ iilfti r nil III/ ifniii ii-im inn/ fill itt/ii'mrri-wi ii/ iriin I .rri [il iriioifii-n i/ *,.... , sheet, polished, iil,iiiish(Ml, or i^l'iiieed shoes, horse, mule, and ox slcdites, blaeksmiths' I'oiind, 1 1 cents Hound, 6-10 eeiit. Pound, .'i cents 10 per cent. I I'ound, '2\ cents Pound, 2 cents. I'ound, 1 1 cents. J I'ound, 2{ cents ,% per cent I'ound, 1| cents .'i.5 per cent. 2ij per cent. 45 Iter cent. Pound, II cents. Pound, 4 cents. Poiind, 2 cents ' dross. 12 cents. I Pound, 2} cents 2,5 per cent. ' Pound, 1* cents 1 Pound, «-10 cent i Pound, (1-10 cent. /Ton, *17. I Pound, Ij cents I'ound, 2! cents I'ound, 2 C(!iit.s. Pound, 2i (;eiits. Pound, 2i cents. Pound, I cent, and ■l.'i per ciMit . Pound, '.i cents. Pound,. 13 cents- Pound, 4} cents. Pound, ■''i-lOcent. an per cent. Pound, ciMils. ! Pound, S cents Pound, 10 cents Pound, 12 cents Pound, '2\ centH. Pound, 2 cents. Pound, 2i uents. APPENDIX, 1G7 IV. -rom'MlATlVK STATEMENT OV mVORT DUTIES, ......C'on.i , (S.... note,,.. ,„„ ,.r ,„.,„ „„ r„rox„.,u.,Ui„., .,,• u., i., i,a,i„s,u.,i „..n.nn,e..s., AltT.CI.KS KMJMKHATKI). ,Sle«l siiikes, ,.,.( ,W.-c,i.Kiit ."■".' •■■■|ili,;(;-|,iir.v, n.ilwjiy ."l>i-iKs. (Si'o In,. I.') ■^'I.ll.ys, lM,i|iT, WI<,llt;ll(, liKikM. (Si'c In,.j.) (l''l(!|( |,)|||< • iil.cM, liiiiiir, wr,,iiKli(. ...."," wiisliurM, wniiiKht "™"Kii' W(!,|)fc.s) ""• "••••'^ I.«;r,.nu;„i/.'.''.'|' ^"- ■' """■"-^''ii'l't., val,„Ml ai .!] eo,.t.' Ifcv. SdiL of • lii.io 22, 1H71. I'Vlinmrv K, lH7r, •filly 1. IWi •lime II, lH>ili. Mils li. IS?1L' her. a, 1«H2 Act of Miiivli .{, iSM'i • l*oii.„|, Ij ,.o,its. •I I Ollllll.li ,M-Ilt.S j Pouiiil, Ij cor.t.s. •i l'ollll,l,.'il'