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1
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1
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5
6
MICROCOPY RESOIUTION ItST CHAtT
lANSl and ISO TEST CHART No 2|
_^ ^jPPUEDJVMGE
=Sr. '6^-J Eos" Mom Street
^TjS "Rochester, Se* Tork U60S 'S
^^a^ '^''e) *82 - 0300 - pKone
^^ i?!6) 288 - 5969 - r^
REPORT
OF THE
CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION
1913-18
VOLUME IV: BOTANY
PART A:
FRESHWATER ALGAE AND FRESHWATER DIATOMS
By CHARLES W. LOWE
SOUTHERN PARTY— 1913-16
1913
c;2t
V . (:i04
pt . A
OTTAWA
F. A ACLAND
PRINTER TO THK KIM; S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1923
Iiaucd FeK^iary 20. 1923
Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18.
VOMMK I: liKNKKAI. INTK«l)l< THIX. NABBA) VB, KTI'.
Purt A: NDirnir.RX I'AUTV
Purl U: SOI Til I, UN 1 AltlV.
lOni'*. Hy Vilhjiilinur Sfi'fiiTMKon i /n prrpararion)
iMi; Hi. I!y Ilululph Martin Anderaon (/« pr«p<ira(M>ii)
V«»MMK II: M\MMALS AND RIBUH
Part A: MWM At.S Ol \VI ST UN AlUTU; AMI lUCA.
Uv liucl..li,li Mi.rtiri An.!.Ts..n.
Pnrt H: BllUiS i)i W ST, UN MP TIC AM. UICA.
Ily U. W. Anilcrann unl l". A. Tavcrnor
iln priparalion).
{In prtparation).
(Uaufi .hit, I '. inlO).
. .(/»»ui-( Julu It. t!)l9).
VO IMK III: IN'SKCTS
INTRoni'C -ildX. nvCflMnlonllcuitf (I,,uf<l nri-rmher 10. im)-
Part At (OI.I KMltCI.A Hy lii.t,,. W . '"J;"'''. ■,■■„■ ,
Far' »• Nl lliiU'lT roll) 1N.~K("IS. Hy Nathan F:inki
Parte: DIITKHA. ,,,,,,
Criini'-tlir'jt. Uv < Imrlr* I*. A!i>»!ini!(T.
^i;:;:^irv;lullLTi";H:^.';n,l'^"i,■i,b.K nyj. r. Manooh (/«««< jui, h. mm.
Pirt I): .MAI.I.oI'llACA AM) ANol'l.l KA.
A;'pil;ru'''n/Vi.iOlVm:!::mMi. II. F. Nuttall (/„««iS,p<,m6.r(». I»t».
Vmm\ uJri*, inoluilin;; Ipi'b . (■.•rniiihycida-, and Buprostida). By J. M. Siviiine.
Cnrul.i.hiun.l Silphi.lir. Hy H. C. lull. , . ■■ i • i >
Coocinini :< . KlaiiTi.l.i-. Clirysomclidiu iiO'l Hbynchophora (eioluding Ipidx).
Tv..i ,.M*' ' r v/'ir-l>,.rrM„n Ir ('"««' Dercmhtr It. ini»).
I 'V' ■-* '111-. I •> •» I », . m I in.iii, ,pi f , ;.. « « inta\
mMll'TKUV Hy i:.h>:u.l I'. VmDii/fo U.medJutu It. 1919).
jn'MKNOI'TLliA AM) I'lANT (iAI.I.SJ.
SaHflips. (Tfntlirr.lin'.,.l.-iii. Hv Alox. I). MacGillivrsy.
I'nriisitii' IIvinoiioptiT'i. I!y (.'imrlc-i T. Bruci.
Wasp- iin.l lioi-i. Hy 1. \V. I. S'ii.li-n. .
I'l" nt C;al|- Hv K. I'..rt<-r IVlt ('"■'«' -Vowmfcer J. / 19).
Part H: SPIDKR.s, MITKS AM) MMUAPODS.
Spi.lcra. By .1. H. I'mcrtun.
Mite... I.iyN»'>'r .»',"'•!.-,„ .„,,„.,:. (I..uM.ra«U.I9lt).
Part K
Part F:
Part fl:
Part I:
Part J:
Part K
Piirt L
Mvrin.....lH. By U:ilph V. ( li^imhcrlin • • ■ ('"««' ■'•-'v '<• .
'1!^S^;.^K oi^'iK UiOSlXHN ARCTIC OAST OF ^MKiar.V ^^^^ ^^^,^
gi.n1':kal iNiirrx V .■.•;• ■■:::::::::::.::■:::::::■:::. ..ih^uM D.cnnHer . ,«.«,.
VOI.IME IV: BOTANV
Part A: FRF.snWATER AI.C.AK AND i; ESIIVVATF.R DIATOMS. By rharlo. W^,^i^«»^_
partB:MARiNEAi;f;AE:ByF:s.d;iiin9.'.'.;::::::::::::^':'':'^^:^^----^
K"* J^- }■",'; Mn'.'v ."^i"''/! 'ir" M""rHii ::::::.::::::: (/n pr^ pa/uiion :
PartEiMOs' is. By R. S. WilUains Ussu^d t.h'nar^ H, ,yjl).
V 01,1 Mi; V; BOTANif
PArf \-V\-fri\i' riANi-S By .I;ini.'^ M M:i"oun .in.l Thoo. Holm... .Iau.lOclh.r^U.l9VJ.
Part B; ci'X! 1 IIUTIONS To Mom'noi.or,y, SVNONVMV
\ND GEOGUAI'IIICAL DIS-
Tlill.irioN ')!•■ ARCTIC I'l.A.s'TS. By Thoo. Holm . . . . h.-^U'd FJruty m.inU).
VI, KOTF.S ON ARCTIC VEGETATION. By Frits Johansen. {In preparalion)
Part C: GENI:
VOM ME VI: l'l.»iUES, TUNICATES, ETC.
Part A- FI-^HES. By F. .Tohaiw-n ^r ' ' "J V*'T'T''.'i'^?V
p"1b; ASCimANS, ETC. By A. G. Huntsman 'hsu>:l N.v. ,„h., .9. t9J2).
\Ol.l ^n•. VII: Clll'STA< EA
Part \- nFCXron CRISTACEANS. Bv Mury J. Ruthl>un . (Wd ^.-ff»«M^, /9/9)-
lart J. \/\'±- '■'.,., , ,,,.,,, ,i>v Uv A Willi-v (UauedJune 15, tilO).
IZ\ ^; ?^^,?i^h^^V.^^^^.A^;4;c;::;LB. wiiaon..: "••■'«^;J--^S:
Zl ?!; ?{Jir/^;^^rv. l^:!/-ui^'o7soME a uctic lXgoons! ■■■■ — "^''■-'■-
By F. Juhansen.
'lakes and ponds.
. {Issued Deei-mber SO, 1921) .
REPORT
OK THE
CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION
1913-18
VOLUME IV: BOTANY
PART A:
FRESHWATER ALGAE AND FRESHWATER DIATOMS
By CHARLES W. LOWE
SOUTHERN PARTY- 1913-16
>Ag7i
ǣȥ
'W ^f?'^
^,^■^9^*/
01 i AWA
F. A. ACr.AND
PiiiMi u t;) thi; kint, s most f.xci i.lkst majestt
19^
luucd February 20, 1923
The Freshwater Altfae of the Canadian Arctic ExpediH«n.
My ('ii\iir.K.s W. F.owi:
Mr. 'liu J i:>u;:::':: £":;::■ ^^^^ -^^'•''" • m- ■i^",.,, ..... .. .1,..,.,. , ,,.
west T<Tritnri.-.>|-,ircast as II
in ALi
a, Iroiii thr arct
COasf. I'll.. ;.|i;
~ CXposffl
io uiTf rcll. , i.il troi
'iii.inl hailioiir, and
le nirioiis ot tl
frotii islaiiils u,..,r H
"' \i)rth-
I'lcks, uarrii Ntr.aiiis, Htill ..n,| ri
'■^ tiiany ilitT.r.iit sjiuat
it
Jti -iicli latitii.l.'sas tlm.
I" arcMc
mils a.s pii<<sjli|u
IS aliiiu^-t iiii|MiM-ilil,. to niak
ill which th.'s,. sain
"""•'Uwat.T, hik.s..,ii<it,iM,|rap„n,|s
fictcriniiic which roll
an .•xainiiiaii
files lit' walcrlil'
wvTi' olitaiii.'d.
l«'c(i<.ns ar- .[y t„ |„. ,,f
1 -'It th.- tiiii, .,|- c.iiU'cti.m to
IMK III onsi,]. ral.h' .|nanlitv, an, which
8«'()Ufnc.- »!„. '■..Ilrctioiis varic.l wreath
'^jw.'ial intcr.st
<i Willi li i)l)tain-
1 iir.- it.iiiiK tl, fun, „m p,„,r|^. j
n con-
mntcri: I w.rc rich in hi.tj
he III tier fill.. I -vcr.- found
ilccavinir iirKaiiic niattcr.
mic huttl.'s rontaininir hut, little
1 s|H'ci...s and luimhirs, whil,- a f..u- whid
to contain only sand part
■|"hi' rich.'sr collect
islan.l. \'.'I'. (l>|;,ti. II., I
ion Was scciind from
fmin t
This
1 •iciincd tc
iflcs and .inr.TOKnizjiblo
an II 1 1)1)11, i.s swamp at H. rsch.l
mainland in Ih, H.aufort
IS a small ish.ml ntuatcd a short d
national lioundarv at I)
sea, and ahoiit half
. IV.T.
'I'll.
mar.-ation point and th.' m.>utii of
istance
Way hitwii'ii till iiit.T-
iippri-xim.itcly 2(»(l feet
»am|). which is about half a mil
S.'Cti
ma\
IS a
will
Ic from ih
tl
.Ma.'k
..•nzie
Icmd pi rtion of
sea. at an el.-vati.in of
"K th.. island. The fact that ih.. is|
on., of th(. manv
cr(..'ks int(.r-
'I'l... 1
Toiint to a larj:.. ..xt.-: t for tl
pies.'rvc
low feinperatur.. in Ih
ill
collei.tions in alcohol al
le vari.ly of a.
se northern "latilmh
ind is mii..h visited l,y waterl.- d
species „i| iiicr,..
■s m.-iki's
»ith..r..d. .Meohol, as i.s well k
alfiae and, as a conseoiienn.. >i,..
IS a ('onse.pience. th.. alitae in tl
poorly fix..d. Th.' protopla's
\; contr..ict..d and the walls ..f
V desmids h.ul ..n... !..-» n,..;„
niosl immedi.it. .|y after th have J
ails a t'...ii| fixmn anenl f
iiown. is hv 110 n
c.ss.'irv to
leeti
|)lasmi.' contents of th
le Cii||ectii'.:.s, for t
■e most part, were
l<>smids h.ul ev.-n lost their .jrin
iiany of the <" .-mids col
le cells w. •«■ found to I
leir walls had I
had alt<.r..i| the coh
inal shap
lecoin.. inverted. Ii
I ma
inn t., t... fact that
'urof the sh,.ath and of the c.mt.'nts
!■ .■ th.' .My.ophyceae the al
)i' niuch
I- Some of the
portions
ihol
Tl.K KXAMINAT.O.V .U M ATKUIAL FHO.M IJnArKISI, I'ONDS
rev..S:r;::t';;sr;L"r^:in;;;Ve.:t:r;;v fr^ y "^ ^'^--' -''■--.
coll.rt,.d fr,.„. a l.n.ckisi , S at V h r '^.^^^f •;^"' «''="-'»=t'T. In s.|,„p|cs
speci.s of algae hut ...ich SM,,.;,. -Alaska, th.-re were not onlv nrmv
I ther..fore "ic n o 'z ::],";::.;i*r'T:;''H ^ ' ■■ 'v. "'"'^;^'" ''""^'''''-' "'-''^
th..<.ceai,amlastoi,ssu;;ie ;'• "1;';. ;t:' I"'""' ^^^allnlty, its n,.arn,.ss to
kmdiy f„rni.he,i me with'*/;!;: ^iiwii •;:s^r:'''''''« """" '''■■ •'"''''--
(1) ve^;^':,.:;;;:; IZ!^Z£ ;;:;;:;': f^rs "^'""r" '">; *'"■ -'-"tion:
actual ci.nr.ection with th. st': • le."st ?^ ',' ''V".'' **' T ^""^ '" '''I-'h. *«
containing water all the ;«:;^•:;.um^^L,a;ed'tr 1^^' ii:;; .ilii^'^^'l ^"^^
490t;9— II ""'I iiiiauii man tiie lUKooiis
■I \
Canadian Aniic ExpMiiinn, HUS-IDIS
or at a sufiioicntly hijih «'levatU)U tu ho out of the r.-acli of the sea, althou«li to
Ihis tlicy ))laiiily"o\vc tlioir orifriii. Suiiic of the larciT lakes were (luite fresh
anil proliahly of filacial origin, luil others, which must at one time liave had
coniieetioii with tlie sea. prolialily contained some, salt or l)rackish water in
their dee])er parts altliou^h their surface water was (piite fresh.
The shallow lagoon iionds owe their water content partly to melted snow
but i)rincipally to the inllux at hijih ti(h'. Tiie sandy or gravelly lieacli siirmund-
in;: them is saturated with sea water; and the more shallow and smaller of thcni
coniiiletely dry out l>y the end of summ- r. The presence of salt in the lajroou
ponds is tlnis easily accounted for. The i)onds are frozen solid for nine months
of the year and thaw in stimmer at the same time as the ice along the seashore.
t)f t'S|)( cial interest are two brackish jxinds which belong to the second type
mentioned abov.', viz.: (1) a tundra ])onil between a hirge lake and tlie sea at
TeUer, .\hiska I Port Clarence bay), and (2) a more open pond situ'tt-d at tlie
end of the l>av at Bernard harl)our, N.W'.T.
The ttmdra pond rei)resents a remnant of the outlet which in earlii r times
at high tide connected the large lake nearby with f.rantley harbour i Port f 'larence
bay. The bed of this outlet, except for a deep hole which is now the tundra
liond, hlled with sand and in the cotuse of time becam ■ overgrown with a -uamj)
vegetation. The localitv wa.'^ visited by the expedition f<ir two weeks in .\ugust.
I'.llo. and the lu.nd was then (piite free of ice. Its brnckish nature was deter-
mined simply by tasting the water. In the collections from the i)onil. excluding
diatoms, thc're were 14 species of freshwater algae.
The large hike, referred to in the previous paragraph, rei)resents a lormer
lagoon connected with C.rantley harbour. Its surface ami margin.nl waters were
tested and found to be (iiiite fresh, although its deejier jiarts were prob:d)ly
brackish. Marine lialoms were foiuid in the deposits from tlu' bottom ot this lake.
The brackish pond at Bernard harboin- i> situated out of reach ot the sea
at an <levation of aiiout 10 feet and about '_>.") ynrds inland from high-tide marks
on the beach, ard on a gravel flat. The pond projwr is reprc^euled by a deeper
hole, which is S to 1 feet dei'p in the middle and rises rather alimi.tly Id a Inoad
l)elt of shallow marginal water not exceeding one fo<it in depth. The bottom < it
the hole contain- mud which .smells strongly of sulphurett<-d hydr.>geii. The
bottcmi of the shallower margin is composed <<{ light lirowu mud and >l'>"i''>
with nianv green thread algae (/w'^ /■()//»)(■/)/)(( crinita and E. nitc^liiinhsK When
the melting (vf the pond begins, water is formed on the surface and the shallow
marginal water becomes ice-free, whilst the de.'per !)art fover I foot I is .-olid ice
(May .'), lOltii, Hv the middle of June i lOUii the pond was comi)letely ice-lrec
and had considerablv increased its exi)anse owing to the inflow '>f fresh water
produced from the snow which had melted on th ■ tundra slopes behind, 1 li ■■ i)ond
still overflowed into a nearbv bav of the sea by nutans of a -mall creek. 1 oward
the sectmd week of .lulv (l',M.')), owing to evaporation, the horizontal (•\i)aii--e
of the pond ha<l dimiiiisjied, aii<l all that remaine.l of tlu'overflow were a lew small
waterholes in the creek bed. .V mouth later, this evaporation lia<l inogressed
still further and the jxiiid was i)ractically limited to the deei)er hole m the cintre,
the rest being flats and swami)s with a Canx sKhspntlincra vegetation, .\t the
end of t<ept<'ml)er (IDloi, the ice had become more than 1 foot thick. At tins
time, therefore, the marginal water was completely frozen. The teinperature of
the water beneath the ice was found to be 3I)'_'° V. at -> p,ni, September 23, lOlo
latiiiospheric temperature 2(1-8° F, I. • , . j
It is an interesting fact that, in spite of the hmiti'd size ol these two ponrts
(Teller. Alaskii. and B«Mmird harbour) and of the great intlux of melting tresh
water in the earlv summer, the water in the ponds keeps distinctly brackish.
Mr. Jolianscn gives the following reason-^ for this: ! 1) the ponds .actually repre-
sent navs of the sea, isolated by an elevation of the beach line in comparatively
recent times, so that the surrounding soil is impregnated more or less with saline
matter; and (2) in the spring a large volume of melting water spreads out over
Fiishinilir Al(j(w
Colic - '
1'-.'>I. wat.T nhiel. ,.v.,,on,(..s in ';;„;; rZ"'l""''~ "'■"""'• ^""' '♦ i'^ fl'i«
comv,„rat,..l salinr h.y.Ts :.s J, a ' ic. , .' . v '/'y'"^ ""; 'l<-Por a,.,l .....rc
except .lurinK tlu" inHux of tl e st • m. It, v V ";' '■"■^"''^♦i<'" <'f the water
durn,« .May and earlv June w en ,i i'.'''^^'''" "■""' ""/■^''^'' «<>"rces. In.t
eontanis th.. nu.re saline and hea vi , w ' f ' '"""'' '"' ''•'""•'• i^^^'f ^vhieh
meltniK is a Rra.lual process. J3 v h,, ti e t h . ,' ";"' "' ''T^ "^ subsequent
or a thorouKh mixing of the w,Ver 1 er . t' "V""',' '^•■'^""'••''•1'' (»«' ice)
fr.'shly nielte,! wafer and tlier,.', • ., " » .tli<' ix.n.l, there is no influx of
^unnn,.r, whilst ,1,,. lighter a d r. 1, ^'\'''' ' '" ''""'"•'■ '">'"''--^ ''"""g the
•>vaponaion. The fr.sh water ,• 1^^. J ^ '•^'f' '"><''-^ »'■<" -^uhject to rapid
'^^••.'""...■d at th,. I...Kinnni of t ;"*:; :^''';'''' "' ;'"!:'"«''"• -"'"""t, the first
.^ahne water freezes only a the tem, e t' re 1 ""^ '■'':■. '"' ''''•'J'^''' ""<' '»«re
The brackish ponds i„ , '*^'"lY;'t» <' 1"^^<■I> with the advaiuv of winter
^•i^'t<,,ns is dee- i.|i;t:;:,,r- -;-;,'-!, -'"aM flora which, exelndin,
include both freshwater and uL^m Un^!^ c!^ ■^'''^''"^- ^^'"•^l' ^''*' Plentiful,
Co,mnnu,„ are very iunner,.u m b,^^t 1, ds r'"" ''"""' "^ ^'''^"'■^■<'-'''" und
water, marine or brackish fonns bnnl; In.kilown '" *''™''" ''''' ''''^"'^^y '■'■-^'»-
fatiSTInu in,:?'^\t,r;v:;;rin'Tr'V;i "^"'"f :^' ^ ''-^ - l-i^atlon in
few individuiN f.uai h^.u , ? ••''^''^'. f'""'J't"'n when co!!ePt«l (); 1- a
»'een dead before the^-'^r;,;;:!::;:'::^ ^^^^Lalh:"''""''^'^ ^'"'* ♦''">■ "'-^ have
wa I , which was distinctly Cack h wlnn tS^ V"' ^-""'^^t'-d from
"1 ' liese poiHls are listed lielow "•''• ■■ '"' f'"''^''" '""r algae found
6a
CdiKiflitiii. Arctic Kx/Hriitio):. 19t3-19tS
List ok Fhesiiwatku Aloak foim) in liiiACKisn
PONDS.
Teller, Alaska.
( 'hroocdccus Itirgidus
Kudiniiiu tidinnx
I'cdiaxtruiii lUiniiDiuui
MirroKpora sp? (frasiiiii'iits)
Spirofiyra injlatn ? (no .^iiores)
Bernard harbour, N.W.T.
Pcdinstmin Bonjanidn
I'((U(istnim iritcfp-iiiii
Juitiroiiiorjilid uif('sliiiiili:<
Vlotliiij: iuriiihilis
Closieriiiin striiild/iim
('os)iiarium (jraniilnin
Cut<)n(irium punrtulatum
Ocdogoniuin sp? (frajiniont.s
( Oniiiariuni (jranntuin
Co.-'marivm pvnctuldluiii
('<>s)iinrirnn Ininille var. ntn'olnhini
CofiNurivni rudlosu/n (one only)
SIdura.struiii pniirtiildliim
Oedogofiiinii sp'! (t'raKniei.ts)
liulbocliaitc s))?
Ophiocvlium majiis
In ad(liti(.n to tl.es<. numerous iliatoins were found includinn Kpilhrmia
txmjidd, L. gibhd, A. .So,-,j-, sp.'eies of Cywhrlln, Kuiiolid. Xaricuh,, vie.
,\. ^'M^''"" "" '•'"'"''.••''••'♦'<.'" "f t''<' l'"-"'! cliniatie .•nul peoKrai-hie factors, I think
that the exi)lanation of the presence of thrse .hstiiictlv freshwater phnits in
water which is l)rackish to the taste is that the p.Muls contain two distinct floras
which lounsh at dif?<>rent times .luring the short summer season :/ 1^.'^'
liora ot sreen alsac and freshwater diatoms which flourish in the earlier part
ol the s(.ason, and a marine diatoniaceous flora which flourishes in the latter
part of the season.
The freshwater flora becomes active with the advent of summer The
fresh water melted on the slopes further inland, ,,rol.ahlv fiowiuK throufih bogs
or pools of fresh wat^r, would brin^ freshwater al^^.e to the brackish pon.ls whefe
the surface ice would be begmnintj to melt. The resting stages ('f alir.e left
near the margin of the pond by ( vaporation the j^revious vear, would becin
active life again as last as the rising water cover.-d them. Tlu-se ,,lants and
those brought in by the in lux of fresh water, woul.l flourish during the earlier
part o the summer. By the middle of June, when all th.- ice of the ]iond had
melted a brackish or marine flora would become active ami remain so until
arrested by the aiiproach ot winter.
The evaporation of the surface waters would leave manv freshwater algae
stranded, whilst others would cease activity under the influence of the slowlv
increasing salinity ot the water. The stranded plants, in most instances, would
assume or form some r.'sting .state which would enable them to surviv,. the
adverse conditions of winter and take up active life again th.- following v,„r
Many of these tyjiical freshwat<-r forms must be suljjected to some .>xtert
to brackish conditions and yet they survive. Probably iiLunv can exist in slight y
brackish water, with a slightly retard<.d metabolism, as long .'is th(> .season lasts
As the salinity incre;ises, some may be indued to develop si.ores and rest until
ndivld^ed, r ^^f' :^'^\'r%*''« ^"'?«"-">R ^U'-'me--- .I.KlKing by the number o
to,ma,nim punctnldtum, can adai)t themselves to a nearly normal existence
'^ven in parts of these ponds where the water is distinctlv" brackish EvM-ri-
mcntai observations under natural conditions would be of great value if carried
out; |,ut, unfortunately, laI)oratories cannot be established readily in arctic
w * T lI 1 1 J I lf$ ,
Freshwater Algae
Calcaukoi.s Deposits formed by Ai.oae.
7a
crcc.i^r"StlJ;;:rr'i.iS;s "T :: nu^h.. ..r ,„.,,hios f,.«,„ ,. warn.
are almos 'J^wZVltlTT 'XV' ^'■'r'''^ nnd th,. ...nhe.ld.d al«ae
nrP nM. /? I '."''"^."1*'<^- • '•I'Kions. yet, as these new ol.servatinus slu.w thev
r«c,fri ?•..'«' "V'^^"^", .'V^''"*'^'« ^^'it^''" tl.e arctic rircle. Cosn^nmn^
Germanv a d the"w r".' "^'""^to has been recorded only from ICnftland
nffel Lf 'I'*r''''''"i '"':' ^•-"^'''^'^^' y*^* these and some oth.Ts with erv
™m ed A nln." ''r^''"''^'^' '"^'T '"•'•'^ f«""'' '" tlu. n,li..ctions I ha "e
rom AlaskAn r " 1 'T'""' '"'''"''"« "'•'^"y ^P'^^*^"'^ "^ ■^'"■r'r^'^rius. known
has he™ n.id n t h V ]^'''\''''''- »1' to the present time very little attention
fin n,?.r?. .' freshwater alfiae of the Dominion eith.T in arctic redon-
or an, rent rT^^'^'l'-'^-'"'^'- J '"■''"'■■ ''"^'^ ""^y «h'»"- tl'-t n.anv species. Tare
supS ' '" "" '""' '"'' ''"■ ■""■■" ^'"''''"^^' -'i^fi'-^tod-than hitherto
The J^-llnwinR is a list of all species of Myxophyceae an.l Chloropfavceae
e istriiition' nf r"- ^^'^"»»P'"'yi»S this lis. are six eolumns which indicate
r nn/l "* , ^l"''*" iilBie as known from records made in Alaska arctic
SW .7'f "' ■' •' the expciition. Greenland, th,. Faeroe islan.Is, the 'u Hed
Th ! , ■^T"';^ ''^'- "■^•^■e of Alaska, and Cana.la ,.x,.lusive of the arc h^
m de v'"" ^u ^ f,»^'''\^';^^l»^iv<3 of the arctic contains ,nanv new reco d
in.ide by myself. Ihese I hope to discuss in another conmiunici.tion.
The followinK symbols are enii)loyed :
+ : new record.
+ : previously reconied.
- : not recorded.
*: an oriKinal record for Canada ."xclusive of the arctic not hitherto
I)ublished.
t: identical in form with oritriual tyi)e.
v: a variety of the species.
f : a form of the species.
*v: a variety of the speci.'s hitherto not recorded for Canada.
Canadian Arctic ExpaHlloii, I'tis-
inis
Alaska.
Arctic
t'nnadn
vi.silud
liy tlie
i\pe-
ilition.
Green-
land.
Faeroes.
MYXOPHYl EAE.
< occogonrae.
Chroiiroccus timnelicus
mairococcus
pallidua
lurgidus
Gloeocapsa manma..
rupcitria
Aiihmocapsa etackiata
Apkunotliect ianccloT
'yficrocyitia aeruginosa.
Gomphoaphaeria aponiaa
Coeloaphaerium Kiitaingianum .
.Veriamcpeaia glauca
Unuimima
t'nitwl
States
exclusivo
of
Alaska.
f'unada
ciclusive
of
the
arctic.
Hormogonr
Oadltaloria tenuis.
Xnatoc a immune
iphaericum..
Anabaena cclenula
tariahitii,
Scylnnema cruataceum
miralnle
Tolijroihrii lanala
(cnui.-i
ffapaluiiphon funlinalin.
Sligonemo informe
lubruum.
octllatum
Calothrix jmt ictina
Rinilarin Imeulis
+
+
+
+
+
+
I +
+
+
! +
—
+
—
+
—
+
—
+
+
+
—
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+ i
+
+
+
_
+
_
+
_
+ i
_
+ I
—
—
+
+
—
-r ,
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
CHI.OiiMl'HVcK.u:.
Ounium jiectcnili'
h'.uilonna ihmau.-..
y'lltiix nurcHi
(iloeo(!i.sf,K infu.Hiiiiiiini
Vi,cy.lli.i soliliiriii . ' \
■^'ephrccylium nhrsui/i . , ...'.....'
TelraMrun cnormt " '
•'>elimiifrum iirnminaluiii
•'^rcihd..^mu!< itinticulatun
"ht. ,uus
'juadricauUti . ..
Crucioenin rirlnni/ularis ]"
Coeiaslriiin nuircimrum
relirulalum
Pediastrum limyanum
var.grtinulnlum.
glimdulifiTum
integrum
Teiras
Vaurlteria terreilris
Claduphurn ftaeta
Rr.tzocl.iuum 11 eruglyiihicum
jp..„ . var. /orfuoeam.i
e^fietoniorphii crinita
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
I +
+
I +
I +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
4-
+
+
+
+
+
4-
+
+
*
+
+
+
+
+
f
—
4-
+
+
~
—
-L.
+
—
-t-
4-
+
-f-
+
■f
-t-
+
-t J
+
-
+
+ ;
+
+
+
+
elusive
of
the
irctic.
Freshwater Algae
Oa
Alaska.
rHLOUOPHV( KAK-Continuofl.
Enieromoiphti intntinalu
Piasicla triaj.a
Schizoijonium murale.
Uloihru tcnernma
" vaTiahili.i
MicTospora sUiQm.ium ...
Draparnaldia ghmcTutj
Zygnema aiellinum..
Sphofjyra infiala ......
" insignis
Cylindnicystis crna.^a
Peniurn auciftruyn .
marganlnctum
spirt titriolatum
Cloaierium t'ornu
" Uinnne. .
didymudm uni
var. striutum..
'* Jtnntri
" nioniliferum .
" parrulum
tostralmn
selaceum
f>lriolatUTn . .
" Venus
Pleurotat:niutn Trabeculo f. dainta
irunnttum . ,
Euastrum antatuni
hidvniiitum
" binalc
denticufatum
" duhium.
" fti(jiinH
oblvngum. . .
o<cidentij(e
Micrasieriai' a):iCuhUa
var. biaehyptcni.
Cosmarium n^i.ha'rQsf.orum .
v;ir. "iirigosum
I'inuni
/iifryti.i
(f uspcr.sutn. ...
t'onlrartitm var. ellipsolJeum..
co6latum
+
+
+
+
+
Arctic
( anada
visited
by the
expe-
dition.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Green-
land.
I'nited
Situtes
exciu.sive
i "'
I Alaska.
Canada
exclusive
of
the
arctic.
+
+
:
+
—
+
-i-
—
-t-
-i~
+
—
+ 1
I -
f I
+
+
+
+
+
I
crenaium
Cui'umis
+
+
-
+
1 'ucurhita var. atluimlum . .
rurlinim var. Xiiidstedlianuni
uMiiisum..
tjritnatum
Hh miner i
U'nmiensc var. integrum. .
huiiiilc var. striatum
iminrssulum..
+
+
incotiftpiatuni . .
miiii/iirilalum
+
Pokornyanum
pi.nclulalum
+
var. suhputHtul-
atum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
10 a
Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913— WIS
Cni.OUOPHYCKAK— C'onrlatJtMl.
*i'csmaiium i/yumneum .
' qnaihatum. .
Alaska.
Green-
land.
rnercH-
radwsum
*' Tfttangulare
" renifnrnte
" f>pfcio6um
" " var. biforme — ■ ■
'* / Irjan&somi
" suhco&tdium
" su\tcrenatur.\ . . .
" Suh( ucumis
" aibcjcaratum
" " var. nrdinatum . .'
" su}>tumulHin var. KUht^n '■
" tfiniofththalmum
'* traihyplevrum j
" 7'(.f ;.i«ii.
*' wululatum
Xonihiaium artilopaeum
" nistdtum vat. hitubercutatvm]
" fabciculatum — '
Arrhrcde^mus lncui< var. Ralfsii forinn
iiubhejaQona
■Staut antrum Ancula
'* B>0f'f s' nil. . ...
" hicvi&iinum
" " var. inervie —
" denilculatum
" fuTciuerum
" hcj^acerum
" liolmtx
" lunolum
" " var. planctonicum .
" vie^jacantkum
*' mm icotum
*' mutitum
*' orbicuht e . . .
" pachyrhynchum
" piiriuioium
" polymorphuTH
" polytrichum . ■ ■
" piinctulatum ■
*' Rf^nsrhii
" sedgcrum
" vestitum
Sphaeruzosinn ejcaratum
Spondyhisium planum
Hyalciheca disstliens
*' muco"\.
Bulhochaete sp. .
OedoQonium nodu^osum.
" paludosum var. ameriLanum
Bolryococcus liraunii
Ophiocylium mnjus
Tribonttmn hombyrinfi
" " var. tenuis
+
-i-
tnitcd
Cauda
States
excluiive
ciclunive
of
of
the
Alaska.
arctir.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
4-
+
+
+
I f
i +
Fre-ihu-itlir Algnc
II A
ida
sive
A Klitiif' .'it the talilc shows at once how little i^ kimwn of ( 'aiKidi.ui I'lcsli-
watcr Al(j!U'. Many nf tho species are reeorded as liciiiu fdiiinl in ("atiada for
the first time. My work has heeti handicapped to somr extent l)v imperfect
libnuy facilities, ('ntain papers dealinjr with the arctic flora, whith 1 wished
to consult. I wa> iinalile to olitain. Hence it is possiMc tli.at a few rcconls have
been omitted from the lahle.
There .are recorcled in the detailed account which follows: 28 species of
jMyxophy<cac from 17 cenera: 1:57 species of ( lilorophyccae representinn H
genera «'n.-<„iiirlinn oS species, SltiiiraslrKni 22 species); and I'haeophyeeae and
Rhodophyceae with 1 (letius and 1 species from each uroiip, makinn a total of
60 Renera and KIT species. There are two new vsuieties, one new si)ecies, and
one speciew traiis|'erre(l from the Keniis CDSwurhuii to the nenus SlduniKlriiiK.
In eoncliidinn the general pari of this report I wish to express my indobted-
n.r.s to Professor A. 11. Heninald Muller for eiu'ouranement and iiianv useful
sun«esti()ns; *u Dr. Tlieodor Holm for the Latin descriptions of new varieties
and species; to Professor \V. A. Selchell for idenlilication of Sciilonniin rriinlu-
ciurn Ajj.; to Mr. Frits .lohaiisen for much information rejjardinj; tiie eollectinfj
of the material and the localities from which the sample- were taken, ;ind t'or
the loan of various publication^; and, especi.ally, to the late l>rofe<sor ('■. S.
West of IJirmiii^ham. Knulaiid. not only for valuable help and ailvice during
tiie earlier stajie- of the invest ifiat ions recorded here, but also for the training
and stimulating inliueiKc which I received from him durintj a number of years
\yhich I was privilejred to spi>nd in his laboratory. P,-ofe«sor West was" pur-
ticularly interested in antic freshwater algae and was de><irous of promoting
the investigation of Canadian algae in general. His untimely death in the
summer of 19i«» was a great loss to the botiinical world in generaj, and especially
to Canada, whose fieslnvaters are still practically unexplored.
The following works were con.sulted n-garding the distribution ;ind for
other purposes: —
Borgesen— Freshwater Algae of the Faeroes.
Borgesen and ( Menfcld— The Phytoplankton of the Faeroes.
Collins— The C.reen Algae of North America.
Cooke —British Desmids.
Cooke British Freshwater Algae.
Ralfs— The British Desmidieac.
Saut"!ers— The Freshwater Algae of the Han imaii Alaska Expedition.
Tildeu— Minnesota Algae (Myxoithyce.ae).
West — British Desmidiaceae.
Wollc— Desmids of the United .Stafi >.
Wolle — Freshwater Algae of the Unite(i .States.
Also "Meddelel.ser om Gronland." various volumes, and a large number
of small works by W. West, G. S. West, Borgesen and other workers.
■3
'f
12 a
I Ist of Species.
•\'V.\<)|'llV(j.;vj
<'<>< CO(i(i\|.;AK,
<:hr()C)C(>c(:aceak.
f..^ t'hroococcus Xuk
Chroococcus Ilmnetlcus L.,,,,,,
-^ »"■' "■"■-•" «":.t^t:^ff;':;';r,', fr ' '''''F' '"a."3
Chroococcus „,acrococcus (Kr.tz.) lUU^n.
1 Ills was found yloniT uit I. v .
Chroococcus pallldus Xur.
Chroococcus turgidus (Kat^.) x,^
,,, ^loeocapsa Kiitz
Oloeocapsa magma (M.,-|,.) Kju,.
eo„e...: ^'- -'>■ '-.■ i...n .,..„ „. ,.,„ .1-;-;- -,ij!>-;;.;^;n..
Gloeocapsa rupestris KiUz.
ommnne at Bcniarci
. . -^Phanocapsa Xie
Aphanocapsa elachisfa u i <■
.... . I •'•i-nista \\. and C. S. W(>,i
'» arct... regions and . , ,'/ ;t , ' ' '"■''■"r.' ^f ''^^ ""' been pnnt, J" i^'; .1 /^^
quaiUity i„ some n.ud f'.ln '.'.'' ->""' -^'""nca. It r™.pr n n
Aphanothece saxindor Naj?
< )rilv oiii' Mil
Freiihwairr Algm-
Aphanothece Xajf.
i;{ A
'niy (,iir Miiall immilnr mass of this spcWcs wa^ oIi-.tvp,! r.AU I " ' I
MM... It h,.> nut 1,,...,, I, ,.,„,|,.,1 pn.vimisly for ili,. ^i,-,.,,,. ,,mo„s of AnuTinl.
10
Microcystis Kiitz.
Microcystis aeruginosa Imp.. iri„tln:,n>.ti. .un.jin,,.., -Ku.x.) ll..„f,.vl
riils tvpical pluiikloii u\\i:\ i~ coiiunoii in the I'lii),.,! ^t..f<. , r \
(ioniphosphaeria Kiitz.
Gomphosphaeria aponlna Kiiiz.
(I'lalc IV, fl^r. IS,
rccorrlcl from arcli,- Anu-rira. '"" '"'''" •"■'•M'"1>1.v
Coelosphatfrium Iviiiz.
Coelosphaerium Kiitzinf^ianum \:ip
Merjsnioppdia .Mcycn.
Merismopedia ftlauca fKlinnh.) \u^r
Merismopedia tenuissima l.i tnni
No pi-ovtous records havo l,..,, ,na.l.. lor ,h.. last two V^^. for a;:.n '' A,;:!;-:;!:
OSCILLATORIACEAE.
r=^iii . • . Oscillatoria \aiitli.
Oscillatona tenuis Airardh
poi.Zi!i,,;;;;x£iS''LI;:;;:;;,;;ri;:i,;^t.;::;;" ' '■•"'""»-
HoKMOGONKAK.
NOSTOCACEAE.
M„„* Nostoc \'aii(ii.
JNostoc commune \ audi.
Dh, J*.','r T^n '■'•'■>: l''<'"''f!'l ",' '•><■ l'""">" of tu.i.lra ponds and in n.ai.v other
A. 11 .1. n, t!,. -toinath ol .i ti.^h laKri, Jiuu. 2U, I'Jir,, at Bernard harhour.
Nostoc sphaerlcum A audi.
sa.„^i^rri^.:::;:d";:Lte .;;"^' '"^^"-^ ^'^--^-^ and cdy occurred in a few
14 a
CanaiUnn Arclir Kxi>eiUlion, 101.1-191'^
Anahaena Hory.
Anabaena catenula (Kiii/..) Monict nnd I'litliuiit
This Hijcfius wast found only in thi- iniit«'ri«l froiii th'- H i ppuria av/amp,
HiTsilicl island. It was not coniiiion.
Anabaena variabilis Kiitz.
This species occurn-d in the lake at Teller, and in tlir IiIk Iiikc at H<rnard
liarbour. It was fairly freciucnt.
SCYTONEMACEAE.
Scytonema Axardh.
Scytonema crusiaceum Ae.
This pi lilt was found in small fraRnirnts with Xostoc commune in a tundra
pond at Bernard harhour. This, I believe, \s the first arctic record.
Scytonema mirabile (Dillw.) Borne',
Occasional fraRinents of this alga were found in a collection of plankton
and bottom deposits from Teller.
Tolypothrix Kiitz.
Tolypothrix lanata (Des.) Wartmann
This alga was taken from the bottom of a melted tundra pond, Collinson
point, June 4, 1914.
Tolypothrix tenuis Kiitz.
A few fragments were obtained from a tundra pond at Teller.
STIGONEMACEAE.
Hapalosiphon Xilg.
Hapalosiphon fontinali'. (Ag.) Bornet
This also occurred as a few small fragments from tlw hnuira pond at Teller.
Stigonema Aganlh.
Stigonema informe Kutz.
This occurred only in a timdia pond at Collinson point. Not common.
Stigonema lubricum (Dillw.) Kiitz.
The Hippuris swamp at Herschel island was the only locality from which
this was obtained. It was comparatively rare.
Stigonema ocellatum (Dillw.) Thur.
-; alga was found in a lagoon just west of Martin point, and at Collinson
pc Common.
RIVULARIACEAE.
Calothrix Agardh.
calothrix parietins g.) Thur.
This alga was tli minant species in calcareous incrustations on pebbles
in a creek containing warm water coming from hoc springs and running into
the Sadlerochit river.
Rivularia (I{oth) Aeordh.
Rivularia borealis Richt.
This species was obtained in a lagoon just west of Martin point, July, 1914.
Not abundant.
Frenhwti r Aloae i;, ^
ISOKONTAK.
VOLVOCACEAE.
_ , . ,. Gonium Mall.
Gonium pectorale Miill.
This alKu WHS f.,u,„l only i„ th.. hi^ lak.- at nor..ar<l h..irl„mr an.l in s„mll
numtHT.s. \..ry f.w of Mw,,- w.-r,- p.-rfrrt lf,.,vl|.,l .v,|„„„.s, most of th. „ L «
maturity. It is tairly ,.l..ntif„l ,„ sum., parts of adu, l.,.t it is tiol .•oi.un n
roKionr "■"" '■""'^'"""^ '^'"^ '""^ ""^ "Pf'^'"- »« '- «''"-'--llv f'"'".! in an^tic
p . , , . , Eudorina lilireni).
Eudorina elegans IJiniil).
This was the only ,„finlH.r of ih. Volvoracoao which was ronnr.m in akal
rooctions. It ..jTurr..! .n th- ph.nkton an.l othrr ..olloction. fro-,, tho lak.MU
1 . and fron, I ernard harhour It was also pr.srnt in the i.rackish p nd a
1 Ilor and .n collections fro.n the //,>/>»r,-.s swan.p at Hcrschd islan , "rom
Chantry Lsland, and from Cape Hathurst.
„ , ,„ Volvox (L.) EUvc-K
Volvox aureus Eh-cnb.
Only one .specimen of this beautiful d^a was observed. It was in the
matennl trom the hppnt's swamp at Her.schel island. Diameter of coenol.ium
ScrS's!''" ^""^' ""'**'^'""1"'' andoogonia absent. It is not con.mon i?
PALMELLACEAE.
Gloeocystis Niig.
Gloeocystis infusionum fSchrank) W. & (J. S. West (Plate HI, fi^. ",)
This alRa was by no means common, only a few cells l,,.inK foumi in anv
on. collec .on. It occurred u. the big lake at Hernard harbour at Ch ,.t"v
.slam, and at Cape Bathurst. I ..annot find any previous record lor the North
Oocystis soiitaria Wittr.
AUTOSPOR.\CEAE.
Oocystis Niig.
^o,, J"!"'' T^w *'^? ?"'-^' ^'■'?5'.'^■^ °^ ^'''■■' *?^""^ '1"'^ occurred in plankton and bottom
Berna;d harliou.? "' ''""■ '' ""'^ "^'^^ ""''''"' '" "'"^'' '^^« 1-'tity ^
Nephrocytium Nat;.
Nephrocytium obesum W. West (Piate IV, fig. 17)
and for tile arctio.'' ' " ' '' ''"""''' ^"^ ^*^' ^'"'^"«''> continent
Tetraedron Kiitz.
Tetraedron enorme (Ralfs) Hansg.
This species appeared in small numbers in the materi-I " t-o Hlnnurii,
swarap at Herschel island and was not observed ehewh. .as not been
previously recorded from the arctic regions of America
Itt
Cnnnihan .Xntir Hf/itililton, l!>lii IQIH
Selenastrum HtiiiMli
SelenaHtrum ncuniinatum I.aiKili.
(rialc HI. fiK. :i)
'I'hi-' >.|MM'ir!< iiirllllrd only in a rDllcitiiiti iif IxntDttl (|i'pu-il- :ini| |i|;inktitti
Irom Tt'll" I, Aiiitiist •',, |<,)i;i.
Scenedvsmus Mcvm.
ScenedeHmuH denticulatUH l.iiKirh.
'I'hi'' -pi'cicH vv:i- llii' rnii'st <if the ;{ctnis. It \va- fo'.nil (inly in --111:1 II (luitntity
Ml till' lioiiuin ili'po^it collTtitiiis from till' lake at 'I'l'lU'r.
Sceniilesmus oblkiu)' Turii > liiiiz.
'I'liis ^prcii'', ;ili liiiiij:li M"! coniMion. ui'ciii'ifil ii' more loiviliiii- llian the
I)ri'(HM|in(i spt'cii's. |l (ni'urrctl in the lanoon lakf at Teller, in the planklun at
Hernaid liarKoiir. ainl in the ////i/d/nx swamp at Iler^chel islanii. 'I'lie haih/-
hniicriiM -.(aire wa-^ Imiml with the OjihrijilniiH m:ifs at Heiiiard iiailioiii.
Scenedesmus quadricuuda (Tiirp.i Kr^'li.
This alK.'i wi>> very eoinmon in thi' (•ollection> from Teller. It wa-^ toiiml
in -mailer t)iiani iiii-s at Bernard harhoiir. Detuarcation point, anel Hersclej
island.
Cruci&enia Morren.
Crucittenia rectanftularis (NiiR.) (iay
Thi> speeies opeiirred only in the plankton of the hiu lake at Hernard harlioiir.
'I'lio eells were a little lielow averajjo sire. Iieinn H-.")ju to .")^i l>y Afi tv) fi/i. The
colonies usiialls ''intained S or l(i cell^.
(^rudjienla sp'.'
In the colieetions from Bernard harhoiir with ('. icclinniuhiria were
Hi'en a few eoloiiies of I and 8 cells of a species aliour one-half of the si/.e of
''. rrcttUKiiiliiKs. /.<., 2 to '2'yn hy '2-'>fi to :5|u. The cells were hadly eollai)sed.
'ibis rondition was prohaiily caused liy tl;e alcohol in which they were preserved.
1 could !iol therefore deleiiiiine the species uilli acciiracx . It resendilud
(\ rL'ctnn(iiil(iri\s in general appe.irance and is |i'iiliai)l\- a small \;iricty of that
sjiceie-; liut to make sure of its exact syslem.atic position material in a hetter
state of pres.'rvation woiihi he recpiirol.
Coelastrum XiiK.
Coelastrum microporum Xiiff.
This species occurred in two localities only and was not very plentiful in
either of them. It was found in the plankton at Bernard harbour (Sppternber
2t), Ifllli) and in the llippuris swamj) at Herschel island.
Coelastrum reticulatum (Dang.) Senn.
Three individuals of this peculiar species of i'lirlastri- n were roui-..! in
material at Herschel isiaiid in the nippnris swamp. It is not r. common al(ja
in North America. It has heeii recorded fron? Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie (Snow).
and I have recently found it in Manitoba and Ontario. It is not generally found
in arctic regions.
'I'hc
Fre»kwaler Algrw |-
IIYDRODICTYACEAE.
Petliattrum .\I.y.ti.
Pediaatrum Boryanum (Tiirp.) .M.n.'Kh
Pedlamum Boryanum ,Tur„.) yUu.^u. v«r. ftranulatum rK(u. ) Uraun
..•Rio,,. .,f Am.'n.l. ' """ '"'•" l""^'""-IV '•'•'"nl.'.l for th.- .irt-tic
Pedlastrum ftlandullferum U. nt,. (,,,.„ ,,, ,
Pediaatrum integrum XtiK. ,^,^^^ ... .,
Pediaatrum tetras (Mirrnh.) Kulfs
riiis sprcirs w;is second in aliutidaiHo tu /'. Hnrmnuin Tf.P 1 ,.,.ll,. . t
VAUCHERIACEAE.
Vaucheria I)( .
Vaucheria terreatria (\auch.) DC
CLADOPHORACEAE.
Ciadophoi-i Kuiz.
Cladophora fracta (Dilhv ) Kiitz.
..n,l 5'h" """T? ">'"' ""'""^•'i"*' f'-MKinonts c,f this ulfta were .•ommon yt Tollpr
and a. IJunard harbour, ..specially in tho coUoc. ions from tundra pomk '
Cladophora sp?
' ^^i-^rl mr'uJi:;^ !:?':':' ;'; ?,"^'' ^"•'"'^'■h r-cyonu.^,.), Port Epwor.h,
■, iJi.). lumiiiu'ation of the spocic^ was not possible.
Rhizoclonium Kutz.
RhJzocIonium hieroftlyphicum ^A, ^ Knt. var. tortuosom (Kuu.) Sio.kai
ouanti'tTof r''«F-''''^?P''"^=^ f'""' '^ '""^'■■'^ "••"'• '-^t (^""in'^on point w^s a
I believe is newL't'i.is-einuLnt.' ""''"'' '' ^^ "" ^•'"- "'^'""'''"" ^^-'^
49069—2
IH A
('(iiKiilian Arctic KxiH-dition, lf)IS IDIS
ULVACEAE.
Knteromorphn Hnivcv.
Knteromorpha crinita U^otli) Aumdli
This al^t,•l was aliiiiidaiit in Im>i1i hiackisli ainl fii'sliwatir colli-ciions I'ltmi
'rdicr. and from Mcrnaitl liarhoiir. It is really a marine speeies adapting ilselT
to less saline cunditions. V. S. Collins' has already reported this speeies jirow-
inn in fresh \val<>r alonn with Siiirniiiini and <hiliiij,,/ili(ni. It is a liliforni,
cylindrical or flattened, much hranehed species, the l>ranelies tapi'rinn to a
single series of small cells, and it is readily disliiifrnished from A'. inliKtliKilis
fre((iieiitly found with it in these collections.
Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) (Ireville
This aluii was exceedingly almndant at Hernard harhcur, in fresh water
and lirackish water, anil at the mouth of the creek.
PRASIOLACEAE.
Prasiola (.\n) Mencf^h.
Prasiola crispa (I.inhtf.) .Menefjh.
\o collection of aluae from the north or south polar renions coulil he com-
plete without this species. All stages from the llnniiidiuiii sta^e to fairly larne
fronds were found on rocks, especially where sea l)irds were conunon, at Mernard
harbour, l'e(>rs jioint (Wollaston land), and ('ollinson point.
Schizogoniutn Kiitz.
Schizngnnium tnurale Kiit/.
This alfia very closely re,send)les Prasitiln cr/.v/K/ in the llnniildiuin static
and may he a form of that speci(>s. It was found on the lieach of th(> island
at liernarii harbour.
ULOTIIRICHACEAE.
Ulothrix Kiitz.
lHothrix tenerrima Kiitz.
This alua and the next were found in the collections only as fragments-
It was found at Teller, in a pond on IMhumalerksiak isl;iiid (Cockburn point),
and at Hernard harbour.
lllothrix variabilis Kiitz.
This was found in material from th<' bottom of a tundra pond at ('ollinson
point, and at Hernard harbour, where it occurred ii> the lirackish pond as well
as in the large lake.
MICROSPORACEAE.
Microspora I'lmret.
Microspora stat^norutn (Kiitz.) Lagerh.
This alga was not abundant. It was found in a mud sample from the big
lake east of Hernard harbour, and also at Teller, where som(! small fragments
orcuired in tlic lirackish pond and the freshwater lake.
'('utliiu. rlu- (int'n Alg.'u- ii( Nortli .XmiTitii.
Freshwater Alijne
I!) A
CIIAETOPHORACBAE.
Draparnaldia Hon.
Draparnaldia ftlomerata \.ni(li.) A^.
II , 'V'T",''^'',"'''" ■^'•'•""■'1 "Illy from one loralilv, ll.r 11 n.n.nis ssyuuu if
Mougeotia
Akontak.
zy(;nema(:eae.
Mougeotia Aniirdli.
A iMlihlMT of fiMUMirnls willumt any ivpHMlurtivr stairs o,vum-.l in iho
l)iK lake and otlirr plac.'s at Mcnianl hail.,..n-. '""irnM in il,.
Zyjjnema Aiiardli.
Zygnema stellinutn (Mini.) .x^.
This al^a was oxro.Mlinnly ,,l,.,ilifiil i.i ||„. M.-niard hail.,„ir distriH V,,!,,,,,
Spirogyra Link.
Spirojiyra inflata (Vamh.) Kiitz.
This sporios occunrd in the Uippuris x^^■■.uup at ILTsch.^l ishui.l with -dl
s aeos of ,.onj„«at,on. A spcrios with ..no ..|don,ph.st (ptol.al.lv t is on.' hut
...t^ .n .■onjUKation was ,.on,nion at IWnar.l harl.I.ur, Chant rv ill. d 'il.m
Spirogyra insignis dfass.) Kiitz.
an.ti!"sp;"!;ir"""' ''"""'"' ""'" '" "'■'■'*"■'"■' '^"="'"'- ^' '^ ""• ^ """•"
DESMIDIACEAE.
Cylindrocystis .M( ncuh.
Cylindrocystis crassa IV Mary ,1.|.,,,. m f-^ ,,
«,n.,ll'"'"' ''.'•. ''' "'''•,'"■'■':'' '" '••"■t5'' K<'I;ili>u.ns masses al ( olhiison point \
Muall ,,uant.t. was also foim.l in th,- pon.l in tli- s-rond i.av ..i.t .] M nrird
.- ..Mu, Jum; Hi, nm. This is th..lirs/an.ti..r....ord for this ;,«..., 's 7.1 i^!
lion was o.nhrm.'.l l.y th.- late IVolV.ssor C. S. WVst.
Penium Hn'l)
Penium cruciferum (1).' Haiy) Wittr. ^l.|al,• 111, fi^. 7^
Tills sp,Ti,.s was foun.l in the iago..n lake at T.'li.-r. It is moiv suh tr..ni,.al
or ant •;;;;• ill,''"' '"'"" '■'^'■"'••''''' f""" '-'"^'••"-'' •"" "•" ''•"■" -<>> '"l".- ....rthonl
Peniiim margaritaccum (lOhivni.., I'.i.-h.
fonn.'i^';?'?'.''^'' 'n'"* •"'"''''.'''' '■'' *'""■'>■ ''""""<"' '" "ortlioin .•oimtrics, it was onlv
lound in lh.> .>.ii!,.,.t,„n from the lair.>.)n lak(> at Tolior. ^
49069— 2J
20 a Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-191S
Penium spirostriolatum Barker (Plate III, fip. (J)
A fpw individuals of this beautiful desmid occurred in the Hiiipurii' swamp
at Herschcl island. It also has not been previously recorded from arctic America.
Closterium Nitzsch.
Closterium Cornu Ehrenb. (Plate IV, fig. Itt)
This was a very common species from the tuiidia pond and the pond
between the lake and sea at Teller. It wiis found also on Pihumalerksiak island
(Cockburn point). The majority of specimens were more curved then the type
form. Not previously recorded from .\merican arctic regions.
Closterium Dianae Ehrenb.
This little Clofliriam was found with some plankton gatherings, August,
1915, from the big lake at Bernard harboiu'.
Closterium didymoctocum Corda var. striatum nov. var. (Text fig. 2)
Semicellulac menii lana atrofulva, striata .-itriis 13-1.") transversis bene
distinctis.
Cells large as in type, 9-12 times hniger than their diameter. Outer
margin slightly curved, inner margin almost straight. Sides gradually attenuated
towards the apices which are broad and truncate with rounded, somewhat
slightly recurved angles: cell wall reddish brown, delinitely striate. Kj 1.") striae
visible across the cell; annular thickening of darker colour at each apex.
Length, 840^.
It was not common but all individuals seen were the same. It was
obtained on Ilerschel island.
Tig. 2. Vlostcrium didyvioclocum Corda var. striatum nov. v.ir. X 4r.j; .-.irni-cell kIiowIiik the striated
wall and the rogul.ir ohar-icters of the apex.
Closterium Jenneri Ralfs
The type form was found in the Hippuris swamp at ITer-iclid island. A
form with apices less curved than ty])e was found in a c()ll(.,.ion of bottom
deposits and plankton from Teller.
Closterium moniliferum (Hnry) llhrenb.
This was only found in the lagoon lake at Teller. It is common in Canad.-i
and the I'liited States, but had not been previously recorded from the arctic
regions of America.
Closterium parvulum N;ig.
This s!ii:'.ll aoslfritna i^^ cuininon in Jirctic tcgifms, but only appeared in
collections from two localities and was not abundant. It wa< found witii other
species of this genus in <he lake at Teller, and in a lagoon just west of Martin
point.
fetriuted
Freshwater Algae 21a
Closterium rostratum Ehiprih.
Although this spocios is Micro northern than C. sclnau,,,. it was foun.l in
small numbers. It occurred i)iily in the Hii,puri, ^wam]) at Ilorschel island.
Closterium setaceum Khrenh.
nnH Ilrnv^l-'"* '" "'""*' !'•"■'■'■ """" ""' Pi-'-^'^^ding species, espeeiallv in arctic
nt}lr n^ ; "\?''' 'V '^ Y"' "'o>o plentiful in proportion to the numbers of
other >ppcie^. It was t.mnd in a collection of bottom deposits and iilankton
from the lake and from the pond between the lake and sea at Teller.
Closterium striolatum llhrenb.
This is a very common species and is well known from almost all parts of
amHn tt °^'''"':'-^'l '" l'»^ l^k''' •"•''■ki^l' Poncl, and tundra ponds at' Teller
and in the Uippuris swamp at Hersclicl island.
Closterium Venus Kiitz.
This species was not in Ki-eat abundam-e in anv one l,.calitv althouEh
^.rly c.mmon ,n tw, pon.ls at Teller. It was also found at Oian r 'Sd
Herschel island, ane t Bernard harbour. • i v.n..iin> lann,
Pleurotaenium Nag.
Plei aenium Trabecula (Ehr.j Xiig. forma clavata (Ki.tx..^ W. ^ C, S.
n , , , ,. (Plate III, fig. Ui)
Uie typo form of this species has been found in Greenland and in a few
o her arctic loeahties, but the form davata has onlv been prev oi^ v ecorded
loni a ,ny localities in Franc,>, (lermanv. Italv, Sweden, the RHt sh Wos and
he I nited Mates. Three individuals ofthis form were found n i, a eri:d from
a drying tundra pond at Demarcation poini, May 14, 1914.
Pleurotaenium truncatum (Hieb.) Niig.
uncommom'"''"' ''"'' ^"""'' ""'^' '" ^'" ''*^''"" '^"^^ "' '^'"^^'■'' ^^''^'-^ ^^ was not
Euastrum ansatum Halfs
Euastrum Khrenb.
IlerJlenTnir' "uT:! I" '!"'.'"«""" ■'^^0 at Teller, and in the swamp at
Hn>cliel Inland. At both localities it was fairly common.
Euastrum bidentatum Nag.
I'lirooT'tko'T'rnnT''" ♦'^^•""■'^V''""'""'" "'■ ""' *^^""« ^""l "''^ f'"""! in the
So .^ it T^''' pond an.l ,n a pon.l between the lake and sea at Teller,
also at Demarcation point, Herschel islan.b and in the lake at Bernard harbour.
Euastr m binale (Turji.) Ehreni).
non.l^'ll!'/;?'' f"''V "'■'•"'•'■'''1 '" ^^'"=''1 numbers at Camden bav, in the tundra
pond an.l ,he pond between the lake and sea at Teller, and atHerschcl island
Euastrum binale (Turp.) Ehr. forma Gutwinskii Schm. (Plate III, fig. 13)
This occurred along with the type form in the tundra pond at Teller.
Euastrum denticulatum fKir( hn.) Gay
abundant.''''^"'"' '^'^^ ^°""'' ""''' '" """^ '"'"'•">■• '^"''"f"'-' ''■"' "'^^ "ol very
22a
Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1 913-1 91 S
Euastrum dubium Na^;.
(Plate III. fiR. 12)
A few individuals of this species were found in the colloetion from the
drying tundra pond at Denuireation point. From Chantry island five .specimens
were seen, and all were approaehinj{ the varietv Snowdo)iirn>ie (Turn.) W. and
{J. S. West.
Eu tstrum elegans (IJrel).) Kiitz.
This pretty and common species was al)un(lant in several ponds at Teller,
and in the Hippuris swamp at Hersehel island.
Euastrum oblongum ((Irev.) Ralfs
This -.pecies was found fairly common in the collection from the lagoon lake
at Tellei. It was not seen in any other coiliH-tion although it is known to be
common in the arctic regions.
Euastrum occidentale W. and (i. S. West
This species was the rarest of the genus; only two individuals were seen.
They occurred in the material from the drying tundra ]K)II(1 at Demart.ition
point, May 14, 1914. It has been previously found in Nova Scotia and some of
the eastern states of the I'liited States of America, and in one locality in (!reat
Britaiti. Its distribution is apparently limited and it is here recorded from
arctic regions for the first time.
Micrasterias Agardh
Micrasterias apiculata (Ehrenb. ) Menegii. var. ^rachyptera (Lund.) W. and
(1. S. West (Plate III, fig. 9)
I was disappointed in not finding more than one speci;'s belonging to thi.s
gentis. This one was not cf)mmon. for only a few empty semi-cells were .-Jeen.
All were a little less sjiiny than is geiK'ral in this variety, but tliey possesseil the
very wide polar lobe which distinguishes it from the s])ecilic type. Hippuris
swam)!. Ilerschel island. July ;iO. I'Jlti.
Cosmarium Corda.
Cosmarium asphaerosporum Xord^
t. var.
strigosum Nonlst.
(Plate III, fig. 1,V)
This is a very small desmid and easily f>verlooke(l, which fact may account
for th(^ few records of it. The type form has a very limited distribution and has
been found in the United States of .Vmerica and arctic regions of ICurope and
.^sia. The variety mentioned here was found in small luunbers at Teller, and
has only bei'U previously recorded from Sweden and one ln'ality in lOngland.
S|)eciinens were below average size.
Cosmarium binum Nordst
(Plate IV, fig. (i)
This s|)ecics is more frecpient in the tropical /one than in the temperate,
and has not pM'\iously been recorded in arctic regions. A few indiviiluals with
sufficient cliaracters to show their relation to this species were t'ound at ilerschel
island. l!i>wevrr, tliey dilTi-red from the type furiii in the followiiig points:
smaller and proportionately shorter; more truncate; c 'iiulations fewer, 1.5 to
each semi-cell; v'>-ti -al granulate ridges oidy .">; length 44m, breadth 3();li, brejidth
of isthmus 14/a.
•a
I
Fret'hwater Algae 23 a
Cosmarium Botrytis Mcncgh.
This i.s prol.fihly the most K<'norally flistrilxitcd species of this eonus ami
was tlio eoiiiinoiiost dcsmid in the coUeption. It was iisiinllv ii littio Ik-Iow
iU-oraKc sizo, although then- were a few as lain.- as anv 1 have found in other
parts ot ( ana(ht or (ireal Uritaiii. It occinicd in cojleetions from Teller
Deniareation point, roJHns.m point, and from Hernard harl.om-, Ilersehei
isiaml, and ( ape Hat hurst.
Cosmarium conspersum Kahs
This species was also fairly ,)lentiful wher(>ver found. It occurred at Teller
and Demarcation point, and at Hernard harbour and Hcr.schel island.
Cosmarium contractum Kirchn vai. ellipsoideum (i:if. i W. and fi. S. West
(I'late III, fig. 17)
The type form of this species has hecn recorded from the Inited States
It IS more noiMcal than nortiiern. The variety recorded here from Iler^chel"
island ha.s not previously l.een recorded from the North American continent
hut It i.s more northern than the typ.- and has heen found in arctic regions
outside .America. "
C-"marium costatum Nordsi.
This is a rare and t\piraily arctic and alpine dcmid. It was found in the
I)i..nkton cohection ol .luiy 'A. 19l(i, from llie iii^r l;,ke at Hernard harl.our.
Cosmarium crenatum Kalfs
This also is a desmid common in arctic ami alpine collections It wis
fairly common m the hiKoon lake at Teller, hut was found in no other locality.
Cosmarium Cucumis (Conia) Halfs
(Plate IV, fifr. 1)
This species is world-wide in its distrihiiiion, although not recorded from
North America. It has Ikvii found in (iieenland. It was found hv the e\|)e-
dition in the lake at Teller. Kare. '
^
*
Cosmarium Cucurbita Hreh. var. attenuatum (i
\\(
il'l.ite III, fig. 8)
Ihis variety has a very limited distril)uiioii. Tli,' tvpe form is fairly
universal hut this variety has only heen recorded from I'Jifiland, (iermanv
anil the \\est Indies. It was found in the plankton of the big lake at Hernafd
harbour, where it was very al)un<l.int. .Ml specimens were small and about
same size. Iei'p;th 2t)yu, breadth l.")/i.
Cosmarium cyclicum Liuul. vai. Nordstedtianum Reinsch) \\ . and Ci S
";'^' (IMate III, tip. IS)
lliis is another variety wiiii a v.mv limited distriijiition, tieing recorded
prevKHisly ,)nly from England, Ireland. .Austria and North Hiissi.i. The tvpe
oriii IS lairly common in the north and ha< been found in Greenland Si)itz-
bergen, and the United States of .Vmerica. ■, few individii.ils of the V.-irietv
were found m the Ilippuris swamp ai IIer>chel island.
Cosmarium giobosum I" 'ih
This rather -mall
was fairly plentiful. M
(Plate I\-, fig. 7)
occurred in th- lagoon lake at Teller, where it
cciniens w, re ; ' > tie below average size.
2* A Canadian Arctic ICrpedition, 1913-1!)IS
Cosmarium granatum nr('l).
This dosmid was aliiK.si as plcnlil'ul as ('. IMrytia and was found in almost
as many localities. It v as found in llic hraokish pond as woll as in the fresh-
water pond at Teller, and also occmnMl a, Collinson point and Demarcation
pomt, and at Bernard harbour.
Cosmarium Ilammeri Ueinscii
This species has world-wide distribution and is as frequent in the arctic
as in the tropics. It only appeawd in the collections from the big lake at nern-rd
liarbour where it was fairly plentiful. The size of all specimens was a little below
thi average.
Cosmarium Holmiense Lun ! var. integrum Lund.
This variety is well distril)uted in northern waters. It was found in collec-
tions from the bin pond at Bernard harbour and in a pond in the second bav
east of Bernard liarbour. All specimens were characteristic of the variety. "
Cosmarium humile (Gay) Nordst. var. striatum (Nordst.) Schmidle
(Plate III, fig. 11)
This small dcsmid has not been jMeviou-sly recorded from the arctic regions
of Ai.ienca. It was found by the expeditiop in two locahties, at Teller, where
It was found in the brackish pond as well as in the freshwater pond, 'and at
Bernard harbour, amongst stones and other algae in the river bed.
Cosmarium impressulum Elfv.
This is a widely distributed specie^ and fairlv common in the arctic It
w.as found in the lake at Teller, and in the lake At Bernard harbour. At the
latter place it was found with other algae in summer collections, also once in
plankton taken under the ice in winter, l-'ebruary 28, 191(j.
Cosmarium inconspicuum \V. and G. S. West (Plate III, fig. 19)
. ,. T'"^ '*^ ""*' "f ''"' 'iiiest desmids collected by the expedition. Only four
individuals were .seen from a pond in the second bay east of Bernard harbour.
June l(i, 101."). This si)ecies has onlv been previouslv recorded from Great
Britain and Ireland.
Cosmarium margaritatum (Lund.) lioy and Biss.
This is a generally distributed s|)ecies much resembhng C. consprr.viw. The
punctulations between the granules, which distinguish it from C. con.'iixrsum
were well marked. It occurred at Teller and at Ilerschel island, along with
other desmids. It was fairly numerous.
Cosmarium ochthodes Nordst.
This species was found in two collections from the big lake at Bernard
harbour, but was not abundant. It was more common at Ilerschel island.
Here, some of the granulations were irregular as in var. nmndnnn W. West,
but otherwise they were typical of the specific type.
Cosmarium Pokornyanum (Grun.) W. & G. S. West
This small desmid was only found in the collection from the pond in the
second bay cast of Bernard harbour. However, it was not vi'ry scarce. It
varied in size, being from 20-35ju in length and 12-18^ in breadth."
Frenhwater Algae 2J a
Cosmariutn punctulatum Hrtl).
This sprcios was altnost as common j.s C. liotrijli, a.ul was found in noarh-
evrry oo loCon. It o,.,...rn.,l lrr.,,uontly at Teller; l.o.h in braekish and fresh
nlanklon n^H '"m " ''"""' P"'"'="r"'"!' P"'>'<. »•"' •'!« lake at Bernard harbour,
harbour maniples, and in the pond in the seeond bay east of Bernard
C. punctulatum Breb. var. subpunctulatum (Xordsi.) Rorg
.p. . . , (^riiite IV, fiK. 3)
n .,„, M 7"'"'»y;;;''^« n'-arly as frequent as the species in the l.iKoon lake and in
nrnv i I r"" '^' l^^'l '"" '^"'^ ''' '''"""'■• '^'"^ ^•"••'' ^^^ ''^'^ "''* »'ecn re-'orded
previously from North America.
Cosmarium pygtnaeum Ar( h.
This .species is ulmo.st entirely confined to Sphmjnum bogs and peatv nooN
It was not uncommon in the collection from the //%/>i<r/.s- sw..m,p; which cnl
taincd some Sphagnum, at Ilerschel island.
Cosmarium quadratum Halfs
It appeared in the plankton and with other alpie from the lake bottom. It was
also found in smaller quantity n, the pond in the .second bay east of Bernard
rial ijour.
Cosmarium radiosum WoUc
«„„n "^u '^ '^r'' ''^ *''• ''T ''','*^''*',"^ *'''' expedition. Onlv thre.. individuals weiv
Ai^lt T ,q[^""t/" ^^^ '"■"•■'^'t P"'"' ''"*' •'^•^ «l'"''-^ i" *•»" '='"<^' at Teller.
roPn Hn^ Ani .• 1 T"""^.'"!^ •'•^'■^ '" "f '"t'>rest, as it has hitherto been
recorded only irom the I nited States and Ireland.
Cosmarium rectangulare Grun.
in twnwllir^ ui.co.nmon in arctic n.gions and was found bv the expedition
in HO localities hut not in abundance, in the tundra pond, Dei
and in the big lake at Bernard harbour.
marcation point.
Cosmarium reniforme (Ralfs) Arch.
This is another typical bop; desmid of northern reginns. It was found
however, only in the mvpuris .swamp at Ilerschel island. Not common.
Cosmarium speciosum Lun.i. var. bifoime Xordst.
♦ „.. V'K\''- ''^'""' "" ''rf ^'"■"' *''"'" "''""*' •"■ arctic refrions. It was secured in
tun localities ne;,r Rern.ard harbour amongst stones and other algae of the
n^eI i.e.1, and m the pond .n the second bay eastward. It was fairly common.
Cosmarium Stefanssonii sp. nov.
C. minutum, oblongum, sinu angusto. versus apicei
^rnn nln* , " ''ectanpulares, angulis inferiorihus rotundatis; incmbrana subtiliter
loil '?9 V f'f •o^'o"'-'''' '='* ""'""osae, ovales, paulo elevatae, scrobiculatae.
norrow Vn? ,;ii f 1™1T *"'' "'•'" '.'"?'^' "'"fifrately constricted; sinus
r,:.t.T'i '' '^-'''^ "/ *''^ '"^f"'^' semicells sub-rectangular, basal angles
omraS mo"e'' ""T'"''''- , '^'l''', T^T '"'^'"'^ "P °f ^^"^^ depressSn
■spparating more or less oval, shghlly elevated areas. On each semi-cell these
(Text fig. 3)
iipiccm haud dilatato; .semi-
26 a
Canadian Arctic Expedition, l!)t3~-l9tS
areas f.iriii two (jroiips -a polar Rroup of 12 14 areas and a liand next t<Mi'e
sinus of IN 22 anas. 7 11 seen on one side. Haeli elevated area. Ii >'!■ smiis
to pole, bears 4 '> pairs of si roliiculations and often an unpaired ternii>.ai one.
This is a jH-euliar type of desniid without any elose relation to other species.
In iKKssessinK eanal-like depression with seroltienlate elevated aieas it is distinct
from other species of this (jenns. Only a few plants were seen in the inaterijd
collected from the creek at Bernard iiarliour, .VurusI lt>, 101.").
lilt. :i. tuxniiiruim Slifiinsminn niiv. H|). X 810; ii. fiioc view, '>. iMnl view.
Costnarium subcostatum Xordst.
This is a small desmid. It occurred in the plankton of tlie lake at Bernard
harbom-. and in the swamp at Herschel island. It closely r<>senit>les C. siihcnn-
Ilium which is also found at Bernard harbour. The cremilalions were almost
waiilintJ at the apex ami ihey were tiencrally bi-jjiamilate in other jilaces.
Central uramiles 14 id.
Cosmarium subcrenatum Hantzsch
This is a species of world-wide distribution. It was found in small (piantities
in two localities, from the bottom of a tundra jxind at Collinson point. aTid with
other desmids in the river bed at Bernard harbour.
(Plate l\. he. 2)
hither-
Cosmarium Subcucutnis Schmidic
'I his si)ecies is interesiinti on account of its limited distrilmtion, for hither-
to it has been recorded only from (Ireat Britain, Ctermany, and .Austrian Cialicia
ound in the colU'ction from the Hippiirls swamp at Herschel island
It w
Cosmarium subexcavatum \V. and (1. S. West
This di'smid has i)eeii recorded from Nova Zembla and ( Ireenland, so it is
not surprisintf that it should turn up in the Canadian arctic. In the pond in
a swaini) in the second liay east of Bernard harbour. It was !iot very plentitul.
C. subexcavatum var. ordinatum \V. ai>,l (1. S. West (Plate III. fijj- 10)
Amoiifist the individuals of the last -mentioned sjiecies was one which was
less granulate and longi-r than the typical form a7i(l identical with West's hfjure
of the var. nrdlnatiini. so that I have no hesitation in recorciinn this variety,
although it has only been recorded previo\isly from Switzerland and I'.iifilaiid.
Klebsii (dut.i W. ami (1. S. West.
(P1m1(> IV. fin. ."))
There is little difference between the species and its variety, but the
specimens from the north were id''niical with some sjiecimens I collected in
Lake Winnipeg. Manit<)l)a. and which tlie late Professor ( 1. S. West inunediately
identified as the variety KIchsil. It was fairly common at Bernard harbour in
|)lankton and l)ottom deposits and in a drying tundra pond at Demarcation
pf)int.
Cosmarium subtumidum Nordst. var.
FrtshwaUr Alyae >- ^
Cosmarium tetraophthalmum Wn'-h.
This larKCMu.iycrsally .lisfrilmtod siM-cics was found onlv in tlio HinnurU
wm- of full s./,. and . h.,w,., l,o,h th.- Kiarn.laf and pun.tat • (•harn.l..r of tl..'
wall cloariy and the relatively snio(.tli a|M'x.
Cosmarium trachypleurum Lund, var, minus Haeil,. (iMate IV, fig. I)
deposit, from a tundra pon.l. an.l also in a porul l...|ween the lake an.l s.-a at
Cosmarium Turpinii Hr< li.
!• ke Tt'"T.Tr''"' 7 r. "'"'"" •'" '"•"!""" "^ '■• Holnilix. It was foun.l in the lagoon
l..k( at leller an.l Deniareat.on point, an.l in the pl.-mkton and l.ott..n. samples
of the I.IK lake and in the river l,e,l at Bernard harbour.
Cosmarium undulatum Corda
This speei..s, althoiiph wi.lely distril.ute.l in the world, is not K'->'<''allv
;;;; r'r i, Ttr^^ ?■ "'" ••^I'V^'i"" <•"'>■ "- »<'".ard harhour. wh..re l'
• x.uned in a plankton eoNeeiion and a neneral eolleeti.m from the hi^ lake.
Xantliidium Khidil).
This Keniis, whieh has numerous wi(h'ly distributed spe, ies. was represented
by only three sju-cies, all fnm. the ////,/n/r,.v swamp at llerseh,.! island
Xantliidium antilopaeum liinb.) Katz.
This was th(...on,ni.,n..st member of the Kem.s. However, it was not v.tv
I'l' nlilui. All specimens observ.-d were quite normal and of average size. "
Xantliidium cristatum Hr.'b. var. bituherculatum nov. var.
(Text fig. 1. a, bi
A speeie typiea maxiine .li.stinetum semieelhilis majoribus, paido lo„fri„nl,„s
nam lat., minus anKulatis; area eentralis tui,eivu!is duobus iminita ; a vertiee
\isa(' (semieellulae) elhptieae, lateribiis bitubereuhitis.
Ceils slinhtly smaller than in the type, a little lonper tnan broad. Sinus
open and d,.eply eonstrieted. \ertieal vi.-w elliptie. Semi-eeli M,mewl;at srb-
semirinular with a eonvex ba.-e furnishe.l with spines as in the tvpe. but 'ess
aMiiular at the spim-s. 1 he central area is provide.l with two circular tubercles
in ■' line parallel lo the Ion;; axis of the semi-cell, .\pical view elliptical, showing
I"g. 4. Xanlhulium cn.sl„lum Hr.'l.. vur. Iniulcrchlum n.iv. viir. X 5011: a. fa.'O view, /., ,.nd vi(
Caniifiiati Antic h'lfwdition, 19I3~I9IS
28 a
two tijlH-rrlcs on <'ii.h side, I.fiiKth willu.ut s|)in.>« M OSti, with >pin.-s 7H 84^:
l.r.-!i<llh witlK.iit spidcH .•)») .VIm. will' -P'""'^ '"• '''^^- "'"'"'"'' "' "'l'"""-* -"''•
TuIm-icIcs tlinnn-t(<r S/i. 'li'-taix*' i'l""' •' "''• . , , . , ■ • .1
No cUs \\i\r ohi^crvcd with .1 lurRr (•••ntral tiil«T.lr such as is foiiii.l in the
typr, uiul no olh. • viirii«fi.s w.t.< soon. It was not <iiiil<" iis tmini-rous as the
preceding speeics.
Xanthidium fasdculatum Kim iil>.
Tills spccirs was uhout us fri'fiiU'iit as A'. milil<>i,mum. Mo^l of the plants
woif siinhtly below avcraRc size.
Arthrodesmus Ehrenh.
Arthrodesmus Incus (nreh.^ llass. var. RalfsH W. '^J//- ^^est lonna
subhexaftona W. & G. S. West d'late III. t-n. It)
This was the onlv repr.sentative of the KC'ius. It is a world-wide speries
with a eoiisiderable variation. It was fairly common in the collection from thy
//,/>/H(n.s swamp at Ilerschel island, and all specimens seen w.Te Miiall, short
spineH. suh-hr-xaRonal forms charact.-ristic of the forma mhh>Tngo>,n ot the
var. tuilfxii.
Staurastrum Meyen.
Staurastrum Avicula Hreh. (I'l'itf" IV, fiR. i:{)
This species was frequent in a mixed eoUeclion of plankton and hottoni
deposit.? from the tundra pond at Teller.
Staurastrum Brebissonli Arciier il'late IV. fijr. 12)
A foriM of this species was not infrequent in the lake at Teller. It ditT.ied
from the type in having the si)infs at the angles shorter than u.sual.
Staurastrum brevisplnum Bail.
This species was rather rare and was fi>und only in the plankton from the
big lake at Rernanl harbour.
Staurastrum brevisplnum Hail. var. inerme Wille
I was uncertain at first as to the exact determination of this desmid, so I
submitted some drawings to the late Professor (i. S. West, and he identified it
as this variety. It was fairlv abundant in the lake at Teller. Previous records
are known from Xova Zenilila, England, and the United States of America.
Staurastrum denticulatum Archer
This .-pecies was also faiiK abundant at Teller, in the lagoon lake, along
with otlie- .ilgae. It was also found a few times in the plankton. Although a
fairly common species it was not found in any other locality.
Staurastrum furctfterum Rreb. (Plate IV. fig. 0)
Only a few emiitv semi-eells of this speiics were obt^erved. and they were
all in the material from the Ilipnun's swam]). Ilerschel island. With one
exception thev were all triangular forms and true to type. (Jne semi-cell was
abnormal, bearing, in addition to the usual pair of arms at each angle, a seventh
arm or process arising in the middle of one side. The species is not uncommon
in arctic regions.
Freiihwaler Algae 2!t v
Staurastrum hexacerum (Khni.l,.) Wit it.
«... ll;in,l''r,"''"'' n ''''''■'' ""•"•"*;'"■"■' HlH..-iii...... won. MualhT thut. itsual.
.?>ir .r 7'''!'' I 'J't ''''.''■'" '" ""■ ^'■'^" "' ■'"'■""'•• "•"' ••»" i"'l"'f<M-t f..rn,
apiM-atctl tit HciHfhol ihIuihI. '
Staurastrum IlolmH (Will,., mov. .•„,u1,.
Cosniarinm Hoi
nut
Wille.
!s. nnfl nlso in
; m'^i'l^ation of this variation fro>n tu■(.-^i,i^,^ to fonr-sido,l for,
'1 an. mik.btea to Mr. 1- . J.,;uti»on („.• t^
"'."„''! ■,"""!"■'''■ "^V '''im.Phrm i;ip(.iliti„nen. bS.', Cpenl.-.c™ K,;
l«Hn«a«^
;H) A ('iimiiliiin Arrlir Hxinlition, l!)l MV
T».»-».iili'il f..iin H.Miii..ill nOxJH;,; «iii'' adtli :»(>m: l.-nnHi ..f wIi"1i>
('.•n IMIm. F«»ur->.i.|.M| form: i«.mi-ri'inM) x .»( ^ -muH :M)m; IrtiRtlM.f wli..!.- •HI
Til.' spo.iiiirn-. .•xamiiicMl t.v Willi' won- fi.iiii<l on the K.'liitmouft iMivil.t|K'
(.! a Protozoan colonv, 0/./iri/«/M/m nrxatilr. ['h ajfirity of iii<livi«liiaU I foiiiul
\v«rr ai^o attarh.ii to tlir K<latllioii« wail of an Otihriiilnim roloiiy, probalilv tin-
Muw «|H'i'ii-s. riifv w.rr fairlv iiu roii>', ami it \* poxsil.l.' that tli.'ri' h a <oni-
HH-Ti^ual r.-lalioii Utwcon the two oritaiiisnt>4. 'VUv Ophrtiilium muikh wa-* o .taincd
in tin- i'itt lakr at Mirnanl liarl-our. an.l in the winif lak.' a few iiulivi.luaN ol
this .Icsn.id apprariil fr.-.' in tin plankton (July H, I'.Mti). It aUo oc.iirr.'.l in
coll.Mtionr' from Dcmar.ation point and Cliiuitry island. DiHtriluttion: Norway,
Austria, Nova Ziinhla, Arctic America.
StauraHtrum lum urn Halfs l*''"'"' IV, fiit. ID
A form of this s|M'cics approaching N. tompi-'Caiiiim Holdl was common in
the plankton collections from Teller.
Staurastrum lunatum Halls var. planctonicum W. & (1. S. Wost
This variety was found in small miinl>ers in itie plankton of the I>IK lake at
Bi-rnard harlioiir. It is fairly common in the Kuro|H'an Arctic plankton, l.ut
not in that of the .\mcrican ,\rctic.
Staurasirum megncanthum Lund.
This species occurred onb' in the ////»/»i(r/.-< swamp at llirschel island,
where it was fairly ahundant. It is not unkm>wn from arctic regions l.ut has
not iM'on recorded from those of .\merica.
Staurastrum itiurlcatum Halfs
This desmid was found in the plankton of h" lagoon lake at Teller anil was
not infreipient. It has about the same distnliution as the last sjwcios.
Staurastrum muticum Brel>.
This s|)ecies was far more comm<m and occurred in three localities. It was
found in the huiuon lake at Teller, in the //(>/)i/n.>' swamp at Herschel island
and in the hit; lake and amongst other altjae from the river Led at l{ernard
harbour.
Staurastrum orbiculare F.alfs
This spi-cies was fairlv common in the lake at Teller. It is frequent
throunhoul the I'niteil States but not in the ar.'tic parts of America, althoutjh
common in SpitzberRcn and Nova Zembla.
Staurastrum pachyrhynchum Nonlst. (Plate IV, fiR. 14)
This is a species cominoii in northern regio.is and has been found freiiueiitly
in arctic waters. However, it was not common in these collections, appeariiu£
in Hinall (luantity only from Herschel i.sland.
Staurastrum paradoxum Meyon
This species is one of the most freciuent in some Canadian lakes but was
pxcoedinfjly rare in the arctic material. Two specimens were seen from
Demarcation point, and a poorly developed one from Herschel island.
l-'trKhuitlii- Myae ^^^ ^
SiMurattrutn |M>lymorphum HulN
wrrr alHM.t rvrnlv .li.tiihu!...! """""' '"'""'■ '•■"•'- •••"I l..i„-..,.|..,| f„r,n..
StauraHtrum polytrichum I'. .1
Staurastrutn punctulatum Hr. I,.
.p... w 1;:;':;:'' ;';-teir"'''""r"' v' ! •• '"••""-^ "- v.„h..,.
Staurastrutn Reinschii |{..y
(I'l.ltr IV. fiK. ,S)
Staurastrutn setigerutn ( li \ .
OfcurHulso in ManiK.l.a. ' ^'"''"' "^ •^""■'•"•••t an. I
Staurastrum vestitum Halfs
•■ r";r:;;:'t-ii;iir;:,;;;!''';::;t*,;;:'';;,;l'';,''''''""''"" ■ '■■■'■'■>
Sphaerozosma ( oicla.
Sphaerozosma excavatutn l{alfs
ai..nS."' irh;;ri;::r;:;I.,;:!:;-'';;:l.;:;'>;/^ i^'--. an.. ... „..,
"'<• ar..tir. (-..lis sli^M,tly\,rl,,w av.'rai. i!p. ' "^^ '""' '^ ""' "'"■"■""'"" '"
Spondyiosium Brt'l..
Spondylosium planum W. ,t ( ; S \\>st
•■■«' "'. x;,r,,'±,„;',:. 't;; ',",;'s.:'i';;';:;,';r' """""■ ""■ ■■"■"■ '"•"
Ilyalotheca i;ii-.
Hyalotheca disslllens ^.Sniith) rsr.l..
T5FT
Canadian A' ■ ^xpedUion, 1913-191S
^"■^ , , (Textfip. 6)
Hyalotheca mucosa (M. U.a-^ . common in on
This dcs.nid with Its ----■•- ^tlHragments were also found m th
of the tundra ponds at elle.. -'/^^J^^ common in the warmer temperat
material from Hcrschol island I* '-^.^P^^^'^rded before from arctic waters
'•muneter If ^.tloV-Uoi diameter of colls 15., len.th of cells 18-20,
. .Me,, > lUlt.. A ,>l,o.on,ic.ro.raph to .how dia.noter of the mucus si,
StKI'H AN'lKONTAK.
OEDOGOM ACK AE.
Bulbochaete Asiudh.
Bulbochaete sp. .,,„„..ucd in collections from ncsul
Vrasn.onts 1^<'1"''S1»!=^^<« V":,,'^^, .^'''V 1, w'^-o fairly almn.lant an
•;Lr^,Ssinn.s.KleU.id.nn..t^^^
Vosctativc coll: dianuur i., - m.
Oedofeonium Link.
Oedoftonium sp- f,-mmontod, w.iv even more free
Filan>ontsufOrJ<;yo,num moH - , f "^ \,,^ „,,„rial from He,
„,,„ 0.OS0 of /i./6oc;,n<:(c. ;^ .';,.;' ,.;,;/^'" as found only i.i the vogot
SSiollt^Jh^t^S^Srof ':;::cios'was mnited to tho Uerschel ,
collections.
Oedogonium nodulosum Wittr.
A few small filaments (>f this
fliP /,'//i/)ur!s swamp, "
(Plate IV, fig.
wore obsorvo.l in the collection
,,.„u,-,j-. s«;iu.„. liorscliol isiana. n^ .^^^_ ^y^j.^^ ^,,j(,
„„iveSu"l.-»i"K •«■» «r?i\';;,"lta» '''tI-'VimI!' obs,;-vc<rwcrc som
; fig. 6)
on in one
nd in the
temperate
raters.
Is 18-20^..
Freshwater A Igae
33
\egctaiivoeelldiamot.-is: n.nslriction 1 1^; wider part 2;i-2,-,u- ''i-S times
Oogonia: 4.1 x GOyu.
Oospore: none fully ripened.
x\ntlieri(lia: diameter IS^, length : -...
Oedogonium paludosum (Ilass.) W, t.. ..u. amen ;anum \ordst
r.pri^ir:ig;r:.S;:'th:s:^,f:j^^tx;xr:.H^*^r!-r
VcKOt.ative eell: l.V 2.-)m dian,., U-8 diameters in 1
Oogonia: til) ti.V diam., SO-lOO^u h.ng.
Oospores: I.", .-,n^ diani., 71 !)|)i
Antheiidial cell; 12 20^ dian
length.
)/u long.
.VS
H long.
mucus sheath
)m nearly all
idant and in
ivere present.
more frequeii!
rom Ilcrschi !
he vegetatiM
crschel islam 1
IV, fig. 15)
!olle.ction from
with the vepi-
ree wide rari?
rere sonievvhi'i
iia, and Souih
IIktkhokontae.
BOTRYOCOCCACEAE.
IJotryococcus Kiitz.
Botryococcus Braunii Kijtz.
Mirone 'ind in tie I' ^ \ f ^•'"l.^ aoiiiulant. It is eomnion tlirougiiout
. n-V } ''•'\'\':«'--<-"tly fo.m.l ii in Manitoba. alth„„Ld, -.f
no l.uhhshed reeord for Canada. I eannot find any aretie n ';,„i
Iiiesent there i
I'm- it.
Ophiocytium majiis Xiig
OPIIIOCYTIACEAE.
Ophiocytium Nag.
of .lu"nViru*it,iK"r hr'' °^ "'" ^'^""'^ '""' •■''''^'">' ••'•eognized. One end
TRIBONEMACEAE.
Tribonema Derl.es iV: .Siijiei.
rrihonema bombycina (Ag.) ])e,l.. & Sol. forma tenuis IFazen
If tl„!^''' m'"""/'/' '-' '"»''" '■«'•"' f'f t'"' ^P'"fi<'^ is fairl
.»' tile worlfl ah 'oMo-h v-f - i t ^
s. _ 1 ti'-'-'Mgii !ii,t -o euiu
^t occurred with
r
'gions
>pe,
y common in most j)arts
I is not infrequent iii arctic
the \\
nerschei i^f.^rn'r" 7 ! r!^^^ ,'1'*^'!'' '" ^ *'''K""" J"st west of .Martin point
M A
Canailinii Arctic E.riinlltl«n, Ull.i UtIS
I'HAKOrilVCK.VK.
Synura Klin-iil).
Synura Uvella Kluonli.
Tliis was ;li(> only rcpicsciitativi' <>t llic luown :il(jac and occiiiicil in smal!
quantity at Cape Hathuist. .Inly, 101(1.
WIIODOPHYCE.U-:.
HELMINTHOCLADIACEAE.
Batrachospermum Hotii.
Batrachospermum vagum (Hoth) At£.
This species is well known from the fresh waters of nearly
and tropical countries, and a form has been recorded im'viou.sly
Alaska. It was secured hy the expedition only from a tundra |
along with Hjidhilhica iiiunixa and other alsiae. Cystocarps ahsi
of tlie earliest known freshwater algae of Canada and was recor
in 1S.'>S. Paris, Canada West (Ontario).
all t
from
Hind
nt.
<led
em|)erati
southeri
at Telle
It is on
l)V Kenil
II.
The Freshwater Diatoms of the Canadian Arctic Expedition
1913-18
I
i 15y 'mahi.ks \V. I,(.\vk
J .■ H!;:;;;T::U/ir;.,;;;;;'';;::':::/7r' ■? f '■••'t''^^^'"-- -'•' '-kish..,,.,.
^^^^^.^^^I^_ K p .1. ,,,l, „n >,„.,.,,.,1 .•.,ll,.,.t...ns hnntt nia.l.. Cur ,liat„„,s in
ior.ns worofoun-lin ,1,,.,;' ' ' sinpnsu.K ,hat a .nnnhw of ,i..,.
? » T ri;i:im;;;?™;':!";;;;;;fi:;,;!r ;;i;:;;;;,r.;;-i ;r"- -; <r '-, «
1 ^*:;;™:;,;i"l;;;:';;;:;r;;;;:;;;::i,:' ""■ ■■■ ■ "•-'- ' *:■■■
H- Van Ilcuick
Wollo . . .
Trait (■■ dcs Dialonu'c
The Diatomaccac of \ortli AnK'iica.
i CKNTKICAi;.
I Mki.iisikkak.
1 Syndendrium i;hi.
fiyndendrium Diadema Jlln.
I > > the only or,H.,T,.n,.o of tins spcHos in ,h. fn.sluva.,. . , ! .,! .■/;I :.,,A
lako
t90t)9-3i
3G A
Canadum Arctic Kspalitl.un, 1913-1918
Melosira Ak-
Melosira granulata (i:hr.) Kulfs
This is a typical plankton diatcm in tho lakes of the Donnnion It was
foun.l in the plankton'of tho lagoon lake at Telk^- July -ul ^ep,e■nher, 1913.
and in a tundra pond at Collin.. . point, June, 1914.
Melosira undulata Ehi . , , , ,
This snecies was found in a coUoction of bott ,m deposits and plankton
from the same place, February, 19L).
Melosira varians Ap.
A few short filan.ents of this species xve.e found attached to otlu-r p ants
in a collection from a tundra pond at Teller, August and >eptemb..r, 1913.
Cyclotella Kutz.
Cyclotella antiqua W. Sm. , , i »
This prettv little diatom was not very .mmerous in any one ^^^1,^!;
Stephanodiscus Ehr.
Stephanodiscus i.lagarae i:hr.
This common American diatom was found only in the >;;"d ^;.^'"'[;;;/,^°';
under the ice taken in February. 191ti, at the Lig lake at Bernaid liarl.our
Onlv a small number were present.
;it Bernard harbour i
u re is prul>al)ly accidenta
TAnKi,i.ARu:AK.
Cirammatophora Khr.
Grammatophora angulosa Ehr.
This is another marine si:ecies found in the big hiki
the nnid sample taken February, 1911'.. Its presence 1
Tabellaria Kinz.
Tabellaria fenestra ta (Lyng.) Kiitz.
This is a common plankton diatom. It was f.mnd in collections r' ,;lanktc
from the lagoon lake. Teller, .luly and August, 19i:5. -U I ornard harbour
was in the lake plankton in ,Iune, 191(5, August and ^eptelnber, }»1;'- f^J '
taken at the creek mouth, July, 1915, in the same locality, and a. lierscli
island in the Uiiipnris swamp, August, 1914.
Tabella-> fiocculosa (Hoth) Kutz.
This species was about as frequent as the preceding one. It was found
Teller, Julv. 1913, in the lagoon lake, and August of the^same year •» a tund
pond, also' at Martin point in a tmidra pond, in the piankton o! ^ "^ '«';'^;_
Bernard harbour, August, 191 o, and in the stomach of a hsh taken October
191.").
Frcshwnirr Diitomn
37 a
Khabdonenia Kiitz.
Rhabdonema arcuatum (Ar ) Kiitz.
ThU ills,, is !i iiiarino f(.rrri fdiiiui in tlio itnid of the lake at HciiiMid harl.oiir
Ichriiarx-, 1910.
rilNNATAE.
DlATOMK.\E.
^, Diatoma J)C.
Diatoma vulgare l^ory
This spicifs was mily fouml in two (oMcfiioiis mado AuRUsi 191.'. at
Hcniani liailM)ur. A few wore .spon in tlic sample (il.tained fmni tli.' brapkish
poiul and Mioro wore foun(l in tlioplankt.Hii-n.ni till. liifT lake. It was not abundant
altlionuli found in most fri'slnvatcr areas.
Denticula tenuis Kulz.
Denticula Kiitz.
This specie.s wa.s soim-what niore frequent than tlio last naineil It was
ound at Camdon bay, July 4, 1911, in the bi^ lake at Bernard harbour, ,J„ne,
19I.>, July, 1910, and in th(? sloniaeh of a fish taken October 4, 1915.
Opephora P. Petit.
Opephora Schwartzii (Grun.) P. Petit
This species was found only in a collection taken from the l.isoon la e if
loller, AuRust, 1913. It was not numerous.
s found at
II a tundra J
he Inko at ^
October 4,
Synedueae.
Synedra Ch;M. ]:m.
Synedra amphicephala Kiitz.
Tills also was very limited in its distribution, being found onlv at Bernard
harl)our, at the creek mouth and the big lake, July, 1915.
Synedra Ulna (Nitz.) Khr.
This diatom was fairly plentiful, being found in freshwater samples obtained
in July and Atigust, 191:5. at TeUer, and at Bernard harbour during July and
August, 191.J, and February, 191(;, in the plankton; also in a fish stomach
obtained October 4, 191,').
Asterionella formosa Hass.
Asterionella Hass.
I his IS a com. 'on lake plankton diatom but was not very i nerous in these
northern coUectK ;. It was found in the plankton of the big lake, Bernard
harbour, July and September, 1915, June, 19I(), and also at the creek mouth
July, 1915. '
EUNOTIEAE.
_ Eunotia Ehr.
Eunotia gracilis (Ehr.) Rab.
This species was found only at Teh'T, where it occurred both in the brackish
pond and the lagoon lake, August, 1913, It was not very numerous.
:is A
C,iM,hi,,i Arctic Kx,>,ililion. t'.H.i t!}IS
1 ;it ■rdliT.
F.unotia diodon Klit ,
■n.i- lik..wis.. NV.S i..u>,.l only at 'IVILt, an.l in only .m.- sarnpU- f.o,.. th.
lanooii lake, July ?.!. l'.»i:<- •<="'•
Kunotia monodon Kin.
Tins was a littl. n.-v ,.ln,tif-.I than /•;. ./'W,m. L.-inp .....n.l ..p.... two
...-••asions in .Inly, I1U;{. in the same lake.
Kunotia triodon Kin.
,,,.,,^-^^-J;"T!.^:';;rT.;l'•;;:,r;;r,:™^'™"^:^^^l;S;;'ll;:;^^
Eunotia pectinalis Kni/. > U;
This sperirs was fuun,! in a Hnall quantity ... a l..n.l.a p.nn
Aiimist, I9i:<.
Eunotia praerupta Kin . , , ,
Tlu. 1: p.on lak.- a. -r.ll.r was a.ain tl.- only locality ,n wh..-l. tl..s sp..n,-s
wa< fouiul. July. HH:?. It was imt nu.o.nnn.n.
Eunotia praerupta Ki..-. va.. curta ('...m.
Aurn>:rs. tlu. sp.'.a.n.-ns uf thr las, ......m<....'.l sp.r„.s w,-.-.- a f.w of tln>
va.-ii'ty.
Epitlieniia Hk'I'.
Eoithemia Argus Kiiiz.
This .,„...i..s o,....nn.,l ... a san-pl. oh.ain.-l J.tn- .7. lOj.i. ,n a .....ss-t u.nh.
lak- at Chant.-y ishu.d. (...ly a f.w f.-us.uhs w.m.. ..I-sctvc.!.
Epithemia giblia Kiiiz. , , . if
tai.lv .•o.n.....n sp.Ma..s aa.l was f.,..n. in va,...us l.,caht.<.s. It
This was a
at Hciiiaiil hail)nur.
Epithemia llyndmanii W. Sm.
This .liaton. was found cjly i.| '1- ''l-'-r^'-'Sv 'h
w.,v,n .-.■....k nca.- tho Sa.ll.ao.-h.t iiv.-. It was iai.lv al.
istcd pclihlcs taken fio.n tho
luidant.
Epithemia Sorex Kvitz.
irtil as the last iianitMl. It likewise wa^
,,..j-';;rK'i:..Tn.:::^i:r;;.u; •■;" iviii.: i, .., ,,..,.,■..., ... ,he p,ank,o.
fn'.n th.' lake at He,-.,anl l.a.hou.- an,l a, the e.eek ,n..,.th.
Epithemia turfeida (Kill.) Kilt/.
l;;:t™\,:;;:;;!r:iii;."." -i.™i'''i -n. .1,.' .-.i,.,,, ,- ,..bi,i,.s ..k ,■ .1..
war... <ieek in .idithei.i Alas,^a.
Epithemiaturgida.Kh,.,Ki.t/. va,.granulataKu,/.
.^rs.:i'':u5;;-;;!rf;'!;^ii:;'"rjf^'':--™;;!"-''"'-
va.-iotv. They we.e ..htaine.l only i.on, these ,,el.l.l.>.
\\\l'
II two
)tMincii
iiiiit.
I<'nc-i-,
;|)('C1('S
of tl.
■tiiinl':i
lies. It
M'd. and
creek in
; iiioiltb
iiini I lie
wise was
nlaiikton
Vi'sh aiui
and was
t'r(nii ilie
I he wnvm
e of this
i
i
<
Fnshiritli r hiiilnni.i ;^() ^
Kpithemia turgida (Kin. i Kuiz. vai. Westennanii KiUz,
In a.lditioii to UciUK found in fair .inantiiv alunii wiili liie sniMie- this
vanetv was al>o toun,l at Mart in poi„i. .I,,,,,., lOII, ,„i,l on the n,,hni,ll,un mass
lioiii the lake ill Meniurd harbour, Atiniisl . l!t|.').
Rpithemia zebra (Klu.) Kiii/.
This small meiul,er of ih.- tieiius was not eommoii and otilv oreuried in two
sami)les olii.iiiicd HI .luly and August. I<t|;{, at Teller.
Nr; .M iiiKAK.
Ilantzschia (iiun.
Ilantzschia amphioxys dihr. i Crun.
This spreies was found in small .lUanliti.'S in the lagoon lake at Teller
Autiust. I tl.i. in a tuiidr:, pond at Collinson p.,int. .Inn... 1<)H, and at Mernar.i
harhour, ,lune. I!M.').
NitZSChIa Mass.
Nitzschia acuminata i W . Sm.i (Irun.
Only a h'w friisti.les of this sp.'eies were seen in a sample from th.. lano.m
lake at leller. It is normally a l.raekishwaler type.
Nitzschia Brehissonii W. Sm.
This speeies also was only recorded fr.ini the i.rackisli poi„| at Tc^ller
AiiKusI, Mtl.i, It IS ,1 l.rackishwater species. '
Nitzschia Closterium W. Sm.
I'ik'' th<' precvdins; species this is a l.rackishwater tvpe and was found in
the lirackish ixind at leller. Hare,
Nitzschia lanceolata \\ , Sm.
This is another of the l.r;ickisli forms fi' the hrackish pond ,ii Teller
.Not common,
Nitzschia Tryblionella Ilaniz,
The type form of this species was found in the la«-oon lake .-it relit r,
.Nitzschia Tryblionella llantz. var, littoralis (irun. i .V. lilh.mlis (;,un,|
This diatom was found in tlii' lapoon lake at Tellei-, ,lulv and \ii^nist l<ti;5
and in a fish stoinach ol.tained at Hernanl harhom, OcloI.er 4, lOl.".' '\„t
aliuiidanl. ' '
Nitzschia scutellum S.H.I).
This species was found in the same collection^ ;ii Teller as the last named
one and was about as frefiuent,
Nitzschia sigmoidea (i;hi. ) W . Sm.
Thi.s species was found in a mindiei of collections from Teller and in u
sample Iron the tundra pond a! Collinson point; also one fi,,stule in a fish
stomach. October 1, l<)|.-). at Hern.ird harbour.
Nitzschia sta&norum Hab.
Two fnistiiles of this species wi'ie seen in I he material from a fish stomach
secured October, 191."), at I. ernard harbour.
mmmm
10 A
Canadian Arctic Exi>idiliui\ 1913-lS
Sunini:i.;.KAK.
Cymatopleura W. S;ii.
Cymatopleura Solea (Hnl).) W. Sm.
This iliatoMi wiis not coinnii.n, Ix-inn scon niily on two occusiuii-. Oik-
fn,.tul.> umnnMl in tl,.- .■-mtcnt of a lisl, stoUKul., ( '••t'>l«;'^,l. l"!''. ^""1 ^"" '"'"•^
from the Uinninx Mvamp at llnschcl i>lan.l, AiiuU!-!, I'JU.
Surirclla Tuipin.
SurircUa arctisslma A.S.
Tl>is species was found only in a nui.l sample taken from the bottom of tho
hid lf>ke at Bernard harl)Our, Kehruary, lltlti.
Surirella fastuosa 1 hr.
This is a marine form found at Teller.
Surirella ovalis Hn'b.
This speeios occurred in the lanoot. lake at Teller and at Bernard harbour
in the bin lake, Septonber, 1«.)1.-,. and in a fish stomach taken in October of the
same year.
Surirella recedens A.S.
This species, sometiu.es reniirde.l as a variety of S. fashw.o, was found
only at Teller.
Surirella reftina Janise.
This also was found only at Teller, along with .S. fastuosa and S. rrcedcns.
Not conunon.
C'ymiu.li.v.ak.
Amphora Ehr.
Amphora ovalis Kiitz.
This species was fairlv abundant in the laROon lake at Teller. It was
exc.-edin.dv comnion at B'ernard harbom'. appearing; in plankton and other
collections frr.m the biir lake in June, July. August rSeptember and Novcn.ber,
19 -.md February, lOltl, also at the cre..k mouth m .b.ly ,„ a hsh stomach
OctolKM" 191.-^. and in the brackish pon.l, August, 191... It also occurred at
Herschci island, August, 1014.
Cymbella Ar.
Cymbella cistula Hempr.
This species was found only in the lagoon lake at T(>ller, August, 1913.
Cymbella cuspidata Kiitz.
This species, like the last named, was found only m the lake at_ Teller
July, 1913. Some of tho species varied and wore approac.ung the form of
CyinMla hcteropkura (Ehr.) Kutz.
Cymbella gastroides Kiitz.
This species was almost as frequent as Amphora oralis Kiitz. and was found
in the same localities; at Toller, in the lagoon lake and brackish Pond Jtily and
Augu..l, 1913; Herschci island, August, 1911; the creek moutli and h,g lake at
Semard harbour, August, 191o, and February 191G, in both bottom samples
and plankton. It was also found in the Ophrydium mass, August, 1915.
dcn.1.
Frrxhwatir Dinlnm.')
11 A
Cymbella gastroides Kut/. v.ir. minor II \ \i
Cymbel! ventricosa An.
Tills s|K-,.i,.s was f.mii.l (,t,ly in one locality l.iit was vnv plentiful It „■ , ■
obtawuMl fron, the t.o,l „f tl,.. war,,, .Took n,.ar-.ho Sa.llo,o!!,l, nv. , ' '
Cocconema I",hr.
Cocconenia lanceolatum Ehr.
« T;i,l:^SS:;:s,i^ >Kr:-,.™;;''';;;-ix- ---;!-" -■>
X.\Vltri.OIt)KAF.
c» . „ Stauroneis lihr.
Stauroneis Greftorii 1{ ilfs
Stauroneis Phoenicenteron i;iii.
This spooics was fomu; onlv in flio Mtr I'lko Mt lUrr.,,-.! i.„,i .
appeared i,. .no mu.l sample an.l one planklon ;:,n,H;ir "'"' '''^"''" ''
Stauroneis Smithii Crun.
This speeies o.T.irred in small nuniKors in the laRoon lake at Teller.
., . , Navicula Hciv.
Navicula aspera I:1h
Navicula Bombus Ehr.
ob,ni^!^£ ?.^'i;tK",r™£:™,?-,;il-ri-;;, p-
Navicula borealis Ehr.
It is?f;:E:.°dia"n' '" ''"' '"'^' -^"^^^'""^ f-'"" ""■ '^'^•-" '■^^" =" ^••^"-■-
Navicula Braunii Grun.
Bo^^^^t^::;:^^,^:^^^"^^ '^^^'-^^ - "- --t n^ntloned one.
Navicula Crabo Ehr.
Tell J^y^t^jrr. ''''""" "''^' "'^^ '"""' °"'^- ''■ '"^'^ l^-'^-^ P"-l at
Navicula didyma Ehr.
This is another marine species found only in collections from Teller.
r.' \
<„„>i,l,n>, Arrt^r Ex,«>ldm,i. V-H .i IS
Navlcula elllptica Km/ ,
uiii\ Ml 'ri'iifi
Navlcula fusca < Ik n
Tliis is a miinn.' -|"ti.'s which wa- (<'i
l:,i,|v plfliliflll.
Navlcula fusca c.ii vai delicata A ?
Tlii^ varifly a|)i><'antl in I
;,,i.l our.' ill Alll£ll^' ,<.li.ctinn>
Navlcula llenncdyl W Sm
,n.l al 'I'.'ll.'i. .Iiilv. I''li. " «•'■'
w^,"^,ll,rtioM.|ru.>.T.ll.V...MC.'.l..lul> .nll-rtl..;..
,, JJ-^ ;;:;;,.... !'k..i.f. ,.....,.. i.k..iv..ma.y.iiM...
Navlcula lUrrhcockll i'.lir.
Thi- -,— vas foi.nil onl> a. T,.1..|-, m .>„■ la^o.-n lak, . l.M.l.
Navlcula humerosa Mi.-.'. , , ,.: ,, ,>.,„.i ... T.II.t an., li"".
S'::;;r";'i;™,«n;;.r;;i:r;i;;.ts:^:;''.;:;:;-' -"-■
^!;i'r"i'v™,x;'utir;;i,;::;,,::n»'.i:.' ^ ^ -"■• '- "
till' 0/>/i /■//'''""' lini"'~-
""^:: :!i:^::'::;r ': - ; ;,r;x";;",ii-:ri;;,sr"-
|!.l.-,. :'".l 'l... .in ll.,- Dph!,,!..,,,, i..»" l,..„i ll..' 1»1>. 'I "'
^°''^::::r,';;™-......- "■ '--' "■•■" " "^
lake at 'rCli'i-.
Navlcula mesolepta Khv. , ^^.^^
This , l.a.om was founain. ...-am- ^catli..nnu> .-...' L" 1»
s.iiiu'wliat iiii.ri' iiiiiiKioiis.
Navlcula nobilis i:iir. ,.,ii„..,i.,ns and was usually
This hir^.. .liatn.M =M'1'<'=''''1 ''•''•;; ';;„,,;,,,,,, j,. „„. „„.. san.,...'. It
:xi-:;;s'rSs;St::'::n'';:i"'i..!' — ^^'-' -'"^'^ '
B,.inai(lli:iit.our. O.K'lx'i' 1- ''•"•'•
Navlcula ovalis W. Sn,. , , „, ^, „„„, ,;„„pi,.
Xuon '.'''l!t 'iv',ra''.L..kis.i ,han a fvshwa,.,- ..... ...n.
l-'ii iliiriili I- />(f»/i>W.<-
»:( \
I -4
i
Navlcula piUpebrallfi Hi- 1' viu. semlplena <;i.t
'riii« VMiiily was not iliiiiiininoii in -nine ul llir 1 i.ll.it iitiis troiii lli> lukf lit
'I'rlllT. Willi i'IkIH Wi'lf M I. W S| illl. II- Wlli<'ll HMIii.d t.. I..' Illl.lllir,ll;ilr
Litwrcii this VMiiclv Mini \. (/«(;ni(.« W. Siii.
Ni'vlcula punctulata W . Sm.
Tliis WM- onlv loutiil III llic >.niir .■..ll.Tiions m> \\\f l.i-i in.nii •.! -p.'.i.w
Miiil i- ii Inv-liWMirr fuiiii. li wa- s|i«liily iikt.- lunminuv
Navlcula radlosa Kui/..
rhi-' -pr.i.'s WHS Iniiiiil only ill 1.11. saiiiplf lakni ti"iii ili-' ''iK l.ik.' at
Hciiiiiid liailwiiir, S'plcnilxr. nU.'i.
Navlcula SiHcula I'.ln
rills SIMCM- WM> fuiiii,] in -IIKlll nilllil"'l> IN Ihr laKi.011 l.nllii Ml Irlln, Mini
urirr ill thr lnMikisli iMPiiii ill lliat locality.
Navicula Smithll i'.i.'l..
Tliis i- M iin;rinr >pr.i.s ...■.■iiiiiii(i only in a lew saliiplrs ol.tain.'cl .Inly,
I'MH at TclliT It was iioi vnv plciitit'ul. Sonic of tlic sp.'.ini.'iis wnv soiiir-
what' i'honil.oi.1 in oiillin.' and may ivpirsriil a new vMii.'ty ot tlir sp..,i.-s.
Pleurosljima W. Sm.
Pleurosifinia anftulatum \V. Sm. vat. strlftoBum W. Sm.
Tliis is aiioilici- of the niariii.- forms appcaiiin: (.nlv at Tillii. Tli-' oMuiue
lines on the valves cut each otliiT at an Mlicle of .V.°.
IMeurosijlma attenuatum W. Sm.
-riiis was fairlv com.non in son f the colh'ctions. It was lo,in,l al 1 e Her.
< ollinsoii point, HeiiianI liaiLoiii-. ami in the stomach ot a (isli taken ,,t the lallel
iilace, October 1, I'.tl.'..
Pleuroslftma Fasciola \V. Sm.
This s ■■ie- was found a few times in the iiiMteliMl trom the l.iMcki-h poml
;,t TcUer. lormally a iiiaiine species.
Pleuroslftma hippocampus W. Sm.
This I- a l.iMckishwaliT sj.ccies thai ai-peaied in a l.racki-li pond al I eller.
ll was iiol ph'iitifiil. ,., , „
.Vmphipora (l.hi. 1 ( lev .
.\mphipora ornata Hail. .
This spi'cies appeaic.l ill collections from Teller, m 1 he larooi, pond. II. a
tundra p....d at Collinsoii point, and also in the l.iu- lak,. and l.iackish pond at
Meriiard harliour.
( Iomi'iionkmk.m;.
Ciomphonema .\k.
Ciomphonema cristatum Hall's , , ..
This spe.'ios appeared in very small <,iiMniities 111 thic hM-ahties. in the
mJli. sva.np at llerschel island, in the l,ed of the warm creek m northern
.\h.sLl (near Sadleiochil river), and in a I'oi-'"" -^"iiple trom the .ake al
Hciiiard harhoiir.
{ ncCONKlDKAK.
Cocconeis il'.hr.i <'.riin.
Cocvoncis placentula Kin
Thi- species oc.urre<l .mlv in two collccti.ms Iron. Mern.ard harbour, viz..
,n,m the creek mouth. July, lOi:.. Mild ... a mud sample tr.mi th<. lake bottom,
I'.'bruurv, lOKl.
1'^
h'rtiihwal>'r Al'j'i'' 'tnd Diatoms
tj A
PlATl 1.
y<ii- 1-
rmiHiuinir vii'W ot IlrriKinl ImrliNiir. .wi-ii fniiii tiilm' to the soutli. sliinvinn tlir ■riM-k outlet
triiiu the lake oml a Miuill \omi w i\n- (tir.-t'H.uinl. The tifw 8i»;(ic» fusmanum .^.'.jumnuiu
«a< fiiund in tliin iii-.'k. Auku^i, I'.M.'i. Iinili> 1. J-linnsi'n.
l!2. :
Shalbw tun.lm pnn.l in swan.p at lleriiard l.arl.our. AuKUst, 1815. Vl.olo F. Johanscn.
Fifslnnilir Alijiii nml Diiiliini.i
17 \
TniK II.
- -v--aj5»^^8fe>^
^^CJg-
liir. I. i.iirnr lake at KdliKHmnik. (uindfli \m\
tii.u.Tii.!! plants, .lul.v, lilH. I'liolo K. .lohanscn
Notu till' l.n.ail 1m-1i in tin' t..ir(!ri)iin(l "f :uiliali<-
liK.
r,,n,l ,.v.T(£r"»n witli llipimnf. l-:n„i,h„rum. Cms. .■!
from tlii> s»ain|) tliat tlie comparativrly riili ilcsiniil ll.'ia wa
I'. .Iiiliali-i'ii.
iilaiiil ■'" HitmIii'I i^laml. It «as
rvil. .Iill.v, Ittlli. I'lintu
48 a
Canadian Arctic Expedition, 191S-1S
Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5-
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Fig. U.
Fig. 12.
Fig. 13.
Fig. 14.
Fig. 15.
Fig. 16.
Fig. 17.
Fig. 18,
Fig. 19
Plate III.
Pediaainim glanduliJeTum Bcnn., X 400.
integrum Sag., X GOO-
Selenastrum acuminatum Lagcrh.. X 1000.
(,7oe..c!/8(i8 injusionum (Schrank) W^^nd G. S. VNcst.
Penium spirostriolatum Barker. X oOO.
" crudjervm (De Bary) V,Mt.. X 500.
Comamm C«c«,6.(a Br6b. -"• ""-"^ ^^f .^ri^ (Lund.) W. and C. S. West. X 500.
Co.m.rium l"^^--"-X:^,^ ^ ...... (Nordst.) Schmid.e, X ..K,.
4r(Arudesmus Incus (Brtb.) lla^s- \ar. /w j
P(e«™(u«.iiim Tratecuia (threnb.) Nag. '".^""'V'^ '' ^y ^„j cj. s. We.t, X 400.
,.,„„..„c^.. K.eb„. va.^^^ ,. ... C. S. .0. X ...
.. .ncon^picuumW. and G.S. West. X 500.
a.(a«t.vi..w; b, sid.- view; c, end view.
Freshwater Algae and Dialuma
40 A
Platk hi.
50 A
Canadian Arctie Expedition, 1913-18
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig. ".
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 11-
Fig. 12.
Fig- 13-
Fig. H.
Fig. 15.
Fig. 16.
Fig. 17.
Fig. 18.
Plate IV.
Cotmarium Cucumis RaUs. X 500.
Sufccucumij Schimdlc, X 5UU. ,v-„r,Ut 1 Rore
trachypleurum Lund. var. minus. Uacib., X -iw.
.. sMumidum Nordst. var. Kleb.a W. and G. h. Wart, X 50.
binum Nordst. torma, X 500.
globoaum Bulnh., X 600.
^Jaur<ui(rum RwscAit Koy, X 500. unpaired process (i).
^r '^S';^ ^-^^^^ --- -'" -■"^■'-' ---
lunatum RaUs. y^
Br^6i.s- ■.« Archer, small spines at angles, X 500.
^no«-:Srtb., X500.
jMchyr-i.r.chum Nordst., X 500.
STc^lit X::^"h^in^ariat.n in .. and ..ape, all X 5«(,.
S'cvhrocyiium obesum W . VNest , X 500.
flomphosphacria aponina Kutz., X 500.
a,IiKCview; b, side vi-w: c.cn.lvi.w.
Freshwater Ahjae and Dialoma
Freshwater Algae and Dintomx
PlAT« V.
Report of the Ca .r,dlan Arctic Expedition. I9I.M«.
v«u«K vi„. M«,.M.KH. kmiin«,„;bhh. c,».t.y.srm xTtH rn
Vm B: { El HAIOroOA ANT* l'Ti:i(()|.()i,A <''""' ■"''P"m'rr »«. ,w»..
« I'l.liiil., ,«la lly > s. iLrry.
J. lUIClI l.KA, II) A DriKly (/«K.li /«!««.» „,yf)'
ll«l. I\: tNM.Ml.s, PAHtsmr WOKMS. nioro/0\Ns HI
PhH A: ()I,I,,()(HAKTA. "•ii/;im>>. kM.
I.uinl,ri..ulhl.,.. By Trunk .>TMi.|,
P«rt n. Pf^i v,' .I'K'V!:''"- "v I'liul S. U,.|^h
" ■■ H ' ', ,'s';r^„"^ ''.'W' V 'i.lboriiD:: ;:;:;: a..«-., s,„v„,j,,, „. ,,,„
Part f;-H. 'I iji Vi ,-vh,,'.* ^- '^■< "t'l' ,. (/•»«(/ .l;ir,/ ,•. i;ttfl\
PS {;s'i',;i;jsK,,;'iW^- "-■'■"»" —»—..
Part M. hYlliAuiv'iY..'n*l"'- .• ■^''"■"' </n /"•■p<ira^,«,i,
lartM. ^01UMIM^KRv. ItyJ A. Cu,(,man i /, • • ('■' rrn,ar,„,.,n):
W.LIMI, X: PLANKTON. IIVDBOGIIAPIIV. TIDK.S. FTt
P«r ": Tir Vl ?M l'> v\^^^/„"y '- «• '"'W "" rri,.nra>ion).
Vln k i'^^i^O^'^fiJlJ^V'OXS AM> HICHULTS-nlyW/neU ,)a.»,. ■•,/„;,«//;^,j;;:-7Vij;;!-
VOMM. X.: «.OLO«T AND G«„««a..„v "^'"'"-'-'
Par. ,,.MAM .so c.KOO,^r„,,.,, ^OTES.ByK.„„HhOCM^^^^^
(In !"■' inration) .
VOLtMK XII: TnH COPPEU ENKIMOS
r.r. V TEC f,^*'"*' ""'"' '"'^^"^"'"^^ ""^ "rn^^ «om:u ESKIMOS
I m A. TEC H.NOU)C Y OK THE CnVVKR ESKIMU.S
^loht prepared).
I''' vrepiration).
\OLlMEXV: ESKIMO .STRINCi FIG I RES AND SONG.S
^^^^-^ivf y^l1-»---"" "^"^-"- -'^/— .
Py Helen II. Koberu. un.l I). Jum„ ,.
(/" /"■<parq(ion),
VOI.IME XVI: AKCIIAEOLOGV
CONTRIBtrrrnxs TO THE AR.;,UEOLOaV OP WESTEax AUCTrC AMEKICA.
(To be prtpartd).