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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seui cliche, il est fiim6 A partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 32 X 1 2 3 4 5 6 > ^ ^ 'yphoid Fever and Cholera. PREVENTABLE DISEASES. TYPHOID FEVER AND CHOLERA. PUBLISHID BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE CENTRAL BoARD OF HSALTH OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEO. Read this carefully and keep it for future reference. Additional copieg of this and other Pamphleti on Preventable ifiscascs msj do obtsined gsiatib by application to the Secretary of the Central Board of Hjultb, SO St James St, Montreal ijh- TYPHOID FEVER AND CHOLERA. TYPHOID FBYEB. I Typhoid fever is a disease altogether and easily preventable. The specific poison of typhoid fever is contained in the diarrhoeal discharges (and possibly other excretions and exhalations) of the patient. If these obtain access to water supply or to articles of food or drink, an outbreak of typhoid fever will follow amongst those partaking of such food and drink. These discharges coming into contact with putrid animal matter, as by being thrown into water-closets and privies, are citable of sataratiiig such matter with the fever poison lt;;-" in its moft powerfal fona. The dried disoharget may preseire the poison effectually, and when^ blown about in the air, distribute the disease. TO PREVENT THE OOOXTBREKOB OP TYPHOID FEYEB IN A COMMUNITY. 1. Attend etpecially to the pwrity of your drinking water. — ^Do not use water drawn from shallow wells. AH st^h wells are dangerous. A privy, pit or cesspool can contaminate well-water at a distance of 100 feet or at much greater distances in certain conditions of the soil. 2. Attend especially to the disposal of sewage. — Ty- phoid fever is communicated from one person to another mainly by the emanations of tfei dis- charges of the intestines of the patieiit, btit H is probable that it is also caused by tiie'eflttuvia of accumulat(^ filth inandirt)out dwelling Iw^ You must, therefore, keep your premises scrupu- %®J7 *^^®*^»30'® especially attend to the privies and cesspols. Have ttem thorougWy clMecl out f'P |< t if. f I i ■ .■mA, ■' * * " ■ —m^ t f 1 \ and disinfected with the copperas disinfectant. Cease to use those outhouses situated near wells. Bo not allow accumulations of house slops, manure, fann reftise, &c., to remain near the house. The air given off hy them is dangerous, and by soaking into the gpround they poison the water you drink. If you have water-closets inside the house, see that they are in good order, and that the pipes do not leak and allow poisonous gases to enter your house. ,. . ■■« is» I ,< ^v* .rv*^&'%'»;rt 8. P(^ aUmUion to the mUk mpply,—-l!heTe ib a property peculiarly belonging to milk which en- ables it to hold and distribute infectious disease. Typhoid fever has been given to very many people by contaminated milk. "When typhoid fever occurs in the family of a milkman who is ignorant or dis- honest, he distributes a poison to ^^^ch one of his customers. TO PBEVENT THE SPBEAB OF TYPHOID FEVER, WHEN A CASE HAS ACTUALLY OCCURRED. 1., W)^en a case is known to exist in a neighbour- l ili ^ I PKi l t i rwi •a^ "WPffI Ip. 8 water supply. If contamination is possible, its use should be forbidden until proper measures can be taken to protect it fully against such contamina- tion. Do not use for drinking purposes any water which has not been either filtered or boiled, or better still, both. 2. If a case breaks out in a neighbourhood where sewers are used, every householder in that neighbourhood Ihould be warned. All house- drains opening into the common sewer should be inspected and tested by an expert. The plumbing of your house should be most carefully examined, defective joints repaired, traps put in order and the flushing of water-closets made effective. Do not wait until the members of your family are down with the fever. Do your duty by them at once. 8. Keep your premises cle^n. Eemove all de- ca3ring animal and vegetable matter and use disin- drains, gutters, outhouses, stables, &;c. ; clean them I K "^ 9 i, I IQ- well and then disinfect them with tSe'copiperaB disinfectant. v.] ■ f ! I . 4. The greatest care of all must be exercised at the house where the fever breaks out. Follow out the directions in No. 8. Within the house, disinfect promptly the discharges from the patient and every thing liable to come iiito contact with such discharges. Receive the discharges in ves- sels containing a quart or so of the zinc disinfect- ant. After use, clean the vessel with some of the same disinfectant solution. Bedpans and chamber vessels should always be carried covered. No dis- charges from the patient should be left under the bed, but must instantly be removed. All vessels, cups, bed-pans, &;c., in use by the patient are to be marked and kept entirely for the patient's use. Food or drink that has once been in the sick room must never be used by any other than the patient. If there be a water-closet in the house, this should be used exclusively for the discharges from the patient while the fever lasts, and the receptacle -1 IJS v oiiuiua UQ nusnea bHiee or loux umes a aay wiin the zinc disinfectant. T"' "™^^" ; " ~".': ' ' : , iTtTntf ,. ■'^'- '•; i . ijf Never tlirow, such disoliarges into a privy or cesspool, hxji^ after . having disinfected them bury them in the ground, at least 100 feet a^^ay ftom any well or other source of water supply. Keep a tub of the zinc disinfectant in the sick room, and into this drop immediately after use, all clothing, blankets, sheets, towels, &c., used about the patient or in the room. Boil these articles as soon as practicable. Bum immediately all rags, closet paper, &c., used about the person. The sick room should be large and easily ventilated, if pos- sible, provided with an open fire, and as far from the living and sleeping rooms of othier members of the family as it is practicable to have it. Eeiaove all unnecessary articles of ftiifniture and orna- ments. Admit as much firesh air as possible. Fresh air is the best disinfectant. Two persons, not more, (one of them, if possible, an experienced nurse), should be employed in the sick room, and their intm course with other members of the family should be properly restricted. 6. After recovery or during convalescence the •^^i-i. .X J_ •u - ifuhix^u.*, is i.v Do coiiJ5iut7i6u tt» uaugerous 80 long as %'.'' l<^ i immmm the intestinal discharges continue t#- i 1, Typhoid fever sets in usually with a sense of fatigue, headache and diarrhoea. Wh^n you ex- perience such symptoms take to your Sed at once. Do not take purges or attempt by violent exercise to work it off. The danger to life in typhoid fever is much diminished by rest in the early part of the difease. Many of the worst cases occur in those who have had to undergo great exertion in the early stages of the fever. Painless diarrhoea or simple looseness of the bowels occurring in one who has never had typhoid fever should excite suspicion while this disease exists in a neighbourhood. During the existence of typhoid fever in a community, all diarrhoeal discharges should be disinfected. 12 t. OfiOLSBA. ■SI Cholera resembles typhoid fever, as regards its causes and the means of preventing its arrival and of checking its spread. Therefore, follow most carefully the directions previously given. Persons should be careful to check at once any tendency to diarrhoea. Many cases of incipient cholera have thus been prevented. -I" 8smpioms, if- 2. DismfBct thorough^. — ^Bemember that it is through the intestinal discharges that cholera is mainly spread. Disinfect at once these discharges with the zinc disinfectant. Follow ont to the letter the directions in No. 4 of Typhoid fever. 8. In the event of recovery, disinfect in the man- ner recommended in the pamphlet on Smallpoz. « 4. Should death occnr, follow ont the directions given in the pamphlet on Small-pox. 4 ►■ BEST DISINFEOTANTS. Sunlight, ftetk air, soap and water, thorough cleanliness— for general use. For special puiposes the following are the most efficient, the simplest and the cheapest L--Coppera» Ditinfectant. Sulphate of iron (copperas) one and one-half poun'us Water. one gallon. A convenient way to prepare this is to sospend a basket con- taining about sixty pounds of copperas in a barrel of water« *•*" 14 Th9 solutioii shQuld be frequently and liberally used in cellars, privies, water-closets, gutters, sewen, cess-pools, yards, stables, etc, etc. , JL—Sulphvir Ditmfeetant Roll sulphur (brimstone) two pounds. To a room ten feet squaare, and in the ime proportion for larger rooms. See Bule 8, of Section U., for mode of use. III,--^2Hnc Disinfectant. Sulphate of zinc (white vitriol) . . one and one-half pounds. Cbmmon salt three-quarters of a pound. Water. six gallons. J i ..^^ .H'*