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Un des symboles suivant support would be rendered more doubtful on account of the estrangement of denominational sympathy and the supposed removal of individual liability by reason of the State assistance implied in the scheme. And, moreover, if the College is to succeed in its federated relationship, it must succeed by virto" of a material increase of students; and this, to enable it at all to compete with University College, clo.se at hand, w :ld require a proportional increase in the number of teachers, — to say nothing of any increase of salaries, — and thus involve a greater outlay. There would be this exception, also, against the Toronto location, that the tendency would be to argue? that the people of that city had left no stone unturned to add this institution to the numerous ones it already possessed, and to make it a Toronto establishment ; and that, consequently, they might support it- The equipment of the College in its old and well" known location, however, with the understanding that it was the perma- nently established College of the Methodist Church, would not only throw its interests upon the sympathies of the denomination, but would remove the unseemly and unspirited phenomenon of wealthy rnen announcing that they will give liberally to their own denominational institution, provided it be located in their city, but nothing otherwise. For we are satisfied that if this agitation for removal were itself removed, and the question settled, these gentlemen would exhibit the same spirit as do the supporters of Queen's and Trinity, and loyally come forward to the help of their Col- lO lege. And in that case they would have an institution worth supporting, which would continue to th^jir church its university rank ; aiid not a com- bined iheological seminary and collegiate school, as we vtrill try to show Victoria will become in Toronto, under the scheme. IV.— THE RELATIVE ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED LOCA- TIONS —TORONTO yersus COBOURG. As to advantages of location, it may fairly he held that Cobourg is a better place for such a College as Victoria than Toronto. V7e leave the point of probable relative attendance for discussion farther on, when we will try to show that her students, having been forced to resort to Toronto in any case, and the university character and the control of higher educa- tion of ♦heir College having been yielded up, will naturally and necessarily select that institution of the group '.hich can offer them the best facilities, even in the lower branches which the confederated schools would teach, and the most pretentious and advantageous connection. Letting this point lie in abeyance for the present, and supposing the friends of our College everywhere to be loyal in its support, we hold that Cobourg is a much more desirable place for the residence of youth, in pursuing their student work,, — especially of youth who may not resist the t ^mptations or afford the expense of a large city, — than Toronto. It is quite as eligibly situated, and as easily reached. It is a notably healthy town, —not subject to the effects of the impure water and jad drainage tor which Toronto has become notorious. The expense of attending an institution here would be found, and has been found, to be very much less than in Toronto. The college location here, outside of Toronto, provides against t!ie frequently-proved evkli of centralization, and, with other such institutions offers the advan- tages of higher education to young men who cannot aford or do not wish to resort to a city, and who \\ ould be shut out from these advantages by the removal. Very many of the largest and best Universities on this co tinent are located, and wisely so, not in the cities, but in the smaller towns. Thef( teaching all the s( econom) about th 1 II ppovting, >/ a com- f to show LOCA- fourg IS a leave the , when we a Toronto ler educD- lecessarily t facilities, uld teach, ; this point ur College s a much iir student 3 or afford ly situated, ject to the las become be found, 'he college titly-proved the advan- U) not wish antages by tinent are But a greater consideration than any of these is the moral one. The very friends \ii Victoria who are now most argumentative in favor of re- moval to Toronto have so often and so effectually urged this moral consid- eration, that it is hardly necessary to touch it. Men are prone to evil everywhere ; and even in a town where comparatively few temptations are offered there is no guarantee against the student ^oing astray. But how much greater his danger if placed in the ;^iddy whirl of a city, with drinking and gambling resorts in all directions, with houses of even worse descrip- tion at hand on almost every street to lure him from the path of virtue, and with a choice of two or three theatres every night. There is quite enough of Hfe and attraction -or distraction — in a place like Cobourg lor all the purposes of a well-furnished student. His business should be to prepare himself, by education, for the duties of life ; noi to seek for excite- ment or be thrown into the way of temptation and sin. It may be argued that such consequences do not necessarily follow. But while many, upheld by sterling principle, might escape, many others, not so fortified, would be lured to their destruction. And whose son shall it be? Sorrow has been brought into many a home by the " favorite boy " being sent to a city college , and many a Methodist parent, irrespective of the question of expense, will hesitate before surrounding his son with influences which have so often been skilfully decried by those who now desire to remove ! V.~HOW WOULD FEDERATION OPERATE UPON VICTORIA ITSELF? The next question for consideration is the effect which the proposed Federation will have upon Victoria College itselt;- The leading features of the scheme may be briefly stated thus : — The founding of a Provincial University, with a University Professoriate, teaching all the higher branches, including pure mathematics, astronomy, all the scientific subjects, Italian, Spanish, logic and metaphysics, political economy, constitutional law, jurisprudence, engineering, etc., and to group about this University all of the Federating Colleges, the students of which 19 shall have a common right to the University course, but shall pursue what may be termed the lower and less expensive branches, including the classics, modern languages, English literature, etc., as well as any theology they may wish to study, in their own Colleges. Victoria and the other institutions would thus become collegiate schools, teaching the lower branches of the curriculum, and theology; the students, while nominally connected with their '•espective schools, would repair to the University classes for the higher branches ; while all, in common, would take their degrees, not from their own colleges, but from the University of the Province. According to the present position, it is absolutely certain that Queen's University, Kingston, will not enter this Federation ; it is mtore than doubtful if Trinity become a party to it. But the denominational schools now in Toronto, and whose students now pursue the arts in Toronto University, — McMaster Hall, (Baptist,) Knox, (Presbyterian,) Wyckliffe, (Episcopalian,) and St. Michael's, (Roman Catholic,) are all expected to enter. The question for the friends of Victoria to decide is, whether it will be to her advantage, the other two outlying Universities, or either of them, remaining out, to enter this Federation with these theological schools, even though the-latter assume the teaching of the lower branches of the arts, and University College appear, on the face of the arrangement, to take the same rank. We hold that the effect would be, in a few years, still further to degrade Victoria to the rank of a theological school, deserted by students pursuing only the arts ; who, even before entering the higher Professoriate Depart- ment, would be attracted by greater inducements offered by the College supported by the Province, and elevated in rank and importance, and in t^e subjects which it would be empowered to teach, by a discriminating iSenate. First of all, in entering this Federation, Victoria yields up its University powers. We regard with aversion the degradation of this University, which con- ferred the first degree in this country free from any sectarian test, into an institution which, irrespective of its theological department, will be but one remove in advance of our high schools. A careful study of the Programme of this Federation shows plainly the relative position of University College and the colleges and schools which enter into the arrangement. The «3 rsue what iding the 1 theology the other the lower nominally University take their ty of the at Queen's [rtbre than lal schools n Toronto Wyckliffe, xpected to whether it r either ot :al schools, ;hes of the igement, to to degrade ts pursuing ate Depart- he College nee, and in criminating i University which con- est, into an be but one Prc^ramme sky College ment. The institution which is the best equipped, has the most chairs and professors, is the most amply supported, and can offer the best inducements, will attract the great body of the congregated students. The scheme, briefly stated, merely means the maintenance of University College as the Provin- cial College, and a sort of quasi affiliation of all ihe other colleges with it. The very circumstances will cause them to be almost regarded as its guests, — having repaired to its campus. That college is to be supported by the Province ; subjects of study are to be transferred from it to the Provincial University, ox from the Provincial University to it, at the option of the governing bodies of these two instilutions, without the slightest reference to the other colleges. Indeed, it is expressly provided that University College and the faculty of the University Professoriate shall be complementary the one to the otlier ; and that the work of these two institu- tions shall be carried on in the same buildings as the present University of Toronto. The whole scheme links them together, and all but ignores the other members of the F';deration. And the fact of the Province bsing at the back of University College will give it both a status and a support foi which the other colleges will have to look to private subscription ; and this si'pport, and this attraction, will most assuredly operate, whether intentional- ly on its part or not, in the drawing of students from the other colleges to itself. For those colleges will not be able to compete in the holding out of such inducements. Furthermore, the very machinery to be brought into operation for the addition of chairs in University College shows the tendency in this same direction. The chairs are to be added at the option of its governing body. As first arranged, the various colleges are to send four of their own repre- sentatives, each, to the Senate, for six years, — graduates of the new Uni versity to send twelve ; and after the lapse of that period, all graduates? of all the colleges are to send such representatives as one body. In that case, unless an impossible coalition were formed between the other institutions, the Senate would simply be filled, as to its maiority, by the graduates who had been students of University College, — which would greatly outnumber any of the others. It is fair to say, however, that Victoria and Trinity ask that this arrangement be modified, that the ?eparate representation continue during the Federation, and that chairs be allotted to University College by a threerfourths majority. But, in any case, the fact musi exist from the start that the influence of University College must be paramount in the Senate. And by the action of its friends in the Senate, in the addi- tipQ of n&vtr diairs and other attractions, that College v\\ fccnn the QUtset 14 and forever afterwards, be in a position so to equip itself, and that too, all and always at the expense of the Province, that none of the other colleges, which will havp Tooiishly put themselves into its shadow, will be able to compete with it. Then will begin the going over of Victoria's students to the more wealthy and more attractive institution. It will be the old story of the competition of private liberality with the resources of a wealthy Province, proud of its institution, and bound to keep it in as good a state of efficiency as an in- terested Senate will permit All of the students will be upon one common campus ; that college will offer much better inducements than any of the others, and over they will go ! And why shouldrCt they ? Their own colleges will have given up their university powers and their higher classes ; they will have gone to Toronto in any case, overcoming the frequently urged financial and moral considerations ; and they will, at best, be students at their own denominational institutions but for about one- half of the course. What then will there be to prevent such of them as don't want any theology from doing the best they can for themselves in the choice of an institution in which they are only, after all, being trained for a couple of years, for one common Provincial University ? Indeed, the very fact of this grouping of colleges, and the community of degrees, will suggest the impression that it does not matter which they attend, so long as they get through the hands of the Provincial Professoriate all right ! We say that this state of things must necessarily result in Victoria speed- ily and finally losing its students in arts, they being attracted else- where even for the two years' initial course, and settling down as a theological institution. This will be its leading feature from the start, in any case. The very fact and character of its patron- age will stamp it with this feature. It will be known as one of the denominational colleges of the Federation, as distinguished from the provincial college, and that characteristic will be as distinct then as it is now, at a safe distance. Its students are to have the name of their college inserted in the diplomas granted by the Provincial University, as though there were some latent fear that they might be hereafter mistaken for mem- bers of the University College. Moreover, if neither Queen's nor Trinity enters this Federation, the result will be that Victoria will be the only one of the outlying colleges to capitulate^ and it will rank with the present theologi- IS cal schools, Knox, McMaster, Wycliffe and St. Michael's, and be classed with them as one of the denominational institutions, which sought the pro- tection and patronage of Toronto University, (under another name,) and gave up its charter and its powers because some of its friends yielded to the pressure ol tlie cry that if they " moved to Toronto' they would more easily get the money ! The old competition and the old difference between a denominational college and a provmcial one will be established and maintained ; its students, even with the provincial degree, will continue to be esteemed as the productions of a denominational institution ; it will have lost its graduation fees ; and it will not be able to induce independent young men, who may not want theology, and who will see that it, itself, has given up nearly everything but theology, to remain identified with its fortunes when they have such superior inducements offered close at hand. The result will be that what little arts it may teach at first — (only two years of each man's course, at best) — will be given up, and our honored old Vic, which has stood the storm, lo, these many years, and has gained a name and exercised a power in the cause of higher education, will settle down as a Theological College, pure and simple. Because we honestly believe this will be the result, we are not prepared to give up the old regime. And, indeed, why shouldn't it be the result ? When it abandons the teaching of two-thirds or three-fourths of its arts curriculum, and the church abandons its traditional policy of the oversight of the higher interests of education, what would be its object in hanging on to the little balance f VI.— CONCLUSION. And with the degradation of the College will come, in a sense, the degradation of the Church. For we assert that one of the great causes of the prominence and the importance of the Methodist Church in this country was the fact of its devotion to the cause of the higher education of its youth. And now it is proposed to abandon that position, and to accept an inferior work. And not only to accept an inferior work, but to accept it under an arrangement in which, in a large city, it will be impossible for the institution to exercise that spiritual oversight of its students which has / pap wimmmm i6 always been its safeguard and its boast. The whole status of a University which the fathers founded in faith, which the Church has nourished, and will more effectually nourish when this disturbing agitation is ended, and which capable and devoted professors have long striven to build up, is to be risked on the' success of a single chance, against overwhelming odds, in University Park. And every one of its four hundred graduates in arts, to say nothing of the 1,300 in the other departments, is to find himself an alumnus of a defunct institution, obliged to attend the funeral of his own a/ma mater^ and, by a sort of certificate, to accept in lieu thereof the coldly legal protection of a foster parent ! With the risk incurred, with the absence of necessity, with the degrada- tion in status, with the certain and manifold dangers and increased liabilities placed in the way of its students, and with a sure and certain prospect of a grand finale as a theological school, — will the graduates and friends of our beloved Victoria, and ihe Ministers and members of the Methodist Church, voluntarily commit themselves and their educational interests to the untried scheme now proposed ? Or will they, wisely and loyally, and at much less risk and expense, decide to enlarge and equip their institution as a Church and Provincial University on the time-honoreJ site on which the fathers placed it, and on which it has so often proved itself, and so often been skilfully described, as an educational power in the land ? h'