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M&KCU 2, iS<J8 
 
 Taocoover Public Ljbraiy 
 tHE SKETCH. 
 
 ■»^ 
 
 ftvv' 
 
 257 
 
 THE ELDORADO OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 BY W. H. 8. AUBREY, LL.D. 
 
 (Author 0/ "The Ri$e aiiil Orowth of tht anglith .Vatlon.") 
 
 Public attention has been drawn of late to the vast auriferous wealth which 
 has been brought to li^ht in British Columbia. That province has an area 
 of 385,300 square miles, or more than three times the size of the United 
 Kingdom. It has lofty mountain ranges, immense forests, mnny fruitful 
 valleys, large rivers, a seaboard of a thousand miles iu extent, inexhaustible 
 tisheries, and vast agricultural possibilities, besides mineral wealth, the 
 extent of which it is almost impossible to overestimate. In the southern 
 portion the climate is superior to that of Southern England or Central 
 France. In this section snow seldom falls, and then it lies only a few hours 
 nr days. Dr. Oeorgc M. Dnwson, C.M.G., of liie Dominion Government 
 Geological Survey, and Mr. William Ogilvie, of the Land Survey Depart- 
 ment, certify to the mineral resources of this great British dependency. 
 
 'J'he Hon. James Baker, Minister of Mines, gives in his last report full 
 particulai'8 of the various districts. The mineral lands are open to 
 location by any person having a free mining licence, which costs, 
 five dollars per annum, but only one claim of 1300 feet square, equal to 
 fifty-two acres, can be staked off by one person, and he must conform to 
 the regulations of the Mineral Acts. Possessory rights are secured by 
 doing 100 dollars' worth of work on the claim in each year, or by 
 
 the early stages of development, when the vast area of hidden wealth is 
 considered. Great strides, however, have already been made, and many of 
 the camps are completely equipped for mining operations. In the Lardeau, 
 Big Bend, and other parts of this rich region, fliining is profitably carried 
 on, and, as capital is acquired through the working of the mines, or is 
 brought in, the output of ore will be immensely increased. Capitalists 
 and practical miners have shown their unbounded confidence in West 
 Kootenay by investing millions of dollars in developing claims, equipping 
 mines, erecting smelters, building tramways, &c., ond an eminent 
 American authority speaks of it as " the coming mining eni]>ire of the 
 North- West." In 1896 the population of West Kootenay wns trebled, 
 and the year witnessed the creation of a number of new mining-camps, 
 which astonished the world with their phenomenal growth nnd ju'osperity. 
 There are valuable timber limits in different parts of the country, and 
 saw-mills are in operation. One of the desirable features of British 
 Columbia for mining is the presence in all places of timber, and in most 
 of water also. 
 
 lievelstoke is the gateway to the great West Kootenay mining-camps. 
 It is situated on the Columbia Uivcr, which, twenty-eight miles below, 
 expands into the Ariow Lakes, whence there is steamer communication to 
 Xakusp. The opening of the Nakusp and Slocan Railway to Sandon, 
 with the establishment of u steamboat service on the Slocan iind the 
 OkanagatrLake, has done much to develop the district. Geologists 
 and mining engineers of authority state that within n radius of twelve 
 
 £k(tri) «Un 
 
 Showing tin ratatiM pocttioiM 
 
 uucum (HI inn or innu ctiniu, 
 
 UNITED 
 
 PLAN OF THK ASSOCIATED OOLI) M1.NK« OK UUITltlll t'OLUMIIIA. 
 (TAe A'Hmftcra refer to the Xtnelu-tlx Mitut.) 
 
 (Mying that amount into the Treasury of the Province. When 500 dollars' 
 worth of work has been done, the owner of the cloim cnn secure n full 
 title by means of the Crown grant of the lond, oftcr which no annual 
 assessment is required. 
 
 Cariboo hos been thus far the best known, because it has attracted 
 numerous settlers, but there are inmiensc treasure-fields lying to the 
 south of it. Lillooet, for instance, is rajiidly assuming importance us a 
 gold-producer. The Golden Cache and many other valuable mines nre 
 being operated, and ()Mnrt/.-braring veins are being developed. In the 
 districts of Yale nnd Knrnloops placer-mining lins been successfully 
 carried on for veins, nnd rich mineral discoveries have recently been 
 made, carrying gold nnd coi)pcr. 
 
 Lillooet distiict lies directly south of Cariboo, and is bisected by the 
 Frnser River. The country is as yet only sparsely peopled, the principal 
 settlements being in the vicinity of the river, though there iirc others 
 which, when tlie ijrojected Cariboo Railway is built, will rnpiilly 
 lu'conip of inoiv iniportiuice. This district is rapidly coming to the 
 front as a gold-pioducer. West Kootenay ilistrict lies east of Yale, and 
 extends north and south from the Hi^ Bi'nd of the Columbia River to 
 the iiiterniitioiiiil boundary, embracing, with Kast Kootenay (from which 
 it is scpiiriited by the I'urcell riui;;c of mountains), an area of 1(!,5(M(,0()0 
 acres. West Kootenay is cliieHy remarkable for its great mineral wealth. 
 Marvellously rich deposits have been discovered iu different sections, 
 and new finds are almost daily made. There is still a lav^e area not yet 
 prospected, which will clDuhth'sM yield even more phenomenal returns of 
 precious ores. It is a cuiiiitry of illimitable po.«sibilities, but is only passing 
 
 miles of Rossland Nature has deposited more golden store than in any 
 similar area on the globe. Rossland is the site of sneb famous mines as 
 the War Kugle, Iron Mask. Nickle Plate, Lc Roi, ond others, the value 
 of the ore from which ranges ironi twenty-five to two hundred dollars 
 per ton. Le Roi miiu>, in particular, may be ranked among the great 
 gold-mines of the world. It was opened up four or five years ago by 
 men of limited means. It is now paying £10,000 per month in 
 dividends. Rossland has risen since the first year of its existence from a 
 camp of three hundred miners to a city of between five and six thousand 
 |)eople, whose numbers are rapidly increasing. 
 
 The Canadian PaoiHc Railway bus completed its extension from 
 Revelstoke to Arrow Ilend, adjacent to which is the Lardeau district, 
 rich in galeiui ore and gold quartz, and placer claims on which active 
 work is being done. From this jioint to Trout Lake a good road has 
 been built by the Provincial Government. Where the first s]mr lines will 
 be built from the Crow's Nest Pass Railway to the North Star and 
 Sullivan group of mines, Nature has [jrovided two ])asses through the 
 iiKmiitains, either of which can be selected, nnd the grade will be 
 comparatively easy. The throw's Nest Pass Railway will stimulate 
 activity, for there is no doubt but that the rich mineral lands abutting 
 will be tlioronghly explored as the means of egress and ingress iin|)rove. 
 One hundred miles of that railway are already built, and one hundred 
 and fifty more are expected to be finished by the end of the present 
 year. Waggon-roads have been made from various central railway 
 points into the different mining districts, and many others are about to 
 be built. Large fields of coal and oil are being discovered. 
 
258 
 
 THE SKETCH. 
 
 March L>, 1898 
 
 For the purpoiio of acquii'iug and developing nincly-six of what nro 
 believed to be the most valuable and promising mining properties in the 
 Province, and nlso to acquire from time to time, as opportunities offer, 
 similar properties, the Associated Gold Miues of Uritish Columbia, 
 
 WAOaON-ROAD, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 Limited, was incorporated on Jan. 14, 1898, with a capital of hnlf-»- 
 million. It is also intended to carry on tlie gainful business of transport 
 and trading in machinery, tools, mining implements, food, clothing, and 
 all the necessaries of life and industry, the profits of which are likely 
 to be enormous. The properties wnich have been acquired promise, in 
 the judgment of com|>etent authorities, to yield extraonlinnry results. 
 Tue most valuable claims have been selected, after a tliorougli inquiry 
 and investigation by experts, spread over a lengthened jjcriod. The 
 encircled numbers on the sketch-plan show the approximate locations. 
 Une important and promising feature is their proximity to mines like 
 those mentioned below, which have yielded and are continuing to yield 
 enormous wealth. Another is the abundance of wood and water, for 
 lack of which so many mines have failed. A third feature is that the 
 ninety-six mines are spread over a considerable urea, and that each 
 district has its own special recomuiendntions. The districts comprise 
 Lilluoot, Yato, Knmloops, Lnnleau, Kootenay, and the islands and inlets 
 on the I'licific Coast above Vancouver. Many of the latter being close 
 to naviuable waters, the ores can be tiansported to the smelters at sliglit 
 cost, (iiiartz clovelopnu-nts are being made on claims situate on Texada 
 Island, and from one of these shipments have gone on for several months. 
 All these ores carry golil, and some of it is free milling. 
 
 One important and ])romising feature is the proximity of the 
 Associated Mines to those which have yielded, and are continuing to 
 yield, enormous wealth. Two of the mines, for instanee, adjoin tlic 
 exceedingly valuable Tangier mine, brought out by the CinMfielils of 
 Ilritish Columbia, Limited, and are eontigiwus to the Waverley, another 
 rich mine promoted by the same comiiaiiy. The Tangier was brought to 
 such a state of development by the parent concern that at the statutory 
 meeting on Feb. 17, 1898, an announcement was made of a shipment of 
 fifteen tons of ore, valued at about £;150. It was also stated that 
 numerous assays show that the vein, of fifteen feet in width, curries six 
 
 BANDON, URITISU COLUMIIIA. 
 
 pounds' worth of gold per ton and over one hundred ounces of silver. The 
 strong presumption is that this rich vein runs through the adjacent land 
 owned by the Associated Gold Mines of British Columbia. 
 
 Another group of three are close to the famous Silver Cn\), wjiieh 
 is said to be yielding £10,000 monthly. Two others adjoin Morning 
 
 Glory, the assay of which is £200 per ton. Two more are contiguous 
 to the successful Iron Mask. The Summit Group of five properties adjoin 
 ;hc Grant Govan, and also the Woverley. Another, the Trahadrah, in. 
 Cayoosh Creek, is next the Golden Stripe and the Excelsior, and the gold 
 in that creek is said by Dr. G. M. Dawson to be worth eighteen dollars an 
 ounce. Two others uro near the Lucky Strike, and seem destined to 
 become famous in the onnals of mining, for the " leads " have been traced 
 3000 feet, and are workable all the year. One inoie mine adjoins the 
 well-known Haven and the Van Anda, and, indeed, nil the ninety-six 
 belonging to the Associated are in the inunediatc proximity of other 
 proved mines, and are loeoted on or near to the Canadian Pacific 
 Itailroad, or in the vicinity of lakes and rivers, so that transport facilities 
 arc great. 
 
 It is intended with oil speed to bring out n series of subsidiary 
 companies, to which single mine^i or small groups of mines will be sold, for 
 the jnirpose of fully develojiing and working them. Within about a month, 
 for example, it is expected that this will be done with the Kobert I). Uurns 
 mine, as the necessary arrangements are in a forwani state. That 
 I)roperty is situated in the Selkirk Mountains, near Golden, on the 
 Canadian Pacific Ihiilway. Several veins outcrop on tlie claim, and one 
 of them is from four to eight feet thick. Thirty assays made from 
 ore on the ground showed an average of fifty 'dollars j)er ton in 
 gold, and exceedingly favourable reports have been made on the 
 property by three eminent mining engineers. Besides the above, 
 upwards of twenty of the Associated Mines have been so far developed 
 as to prove beyond all <|ucstion their permanent div' Icnd-earning 
 capacity. All these properties are so advanced in various stages and so 
 in-actically workable that clean, good ore can be shipped in almost any 
 (|uantity inunediately, with what the res|)onsible agents and experts in 
 British Columbia state will prove to be large and satisfactory residts. 
 Of course, the profits on the resale of these mines and of the others to 
 follow will accrue to the shareholders in the parent comj)any. 
 
 A LAKR STKAMKR, nRITISlI COI.UMIIIA. 
 
 The Agent of the Canadian Pacific Railway, 67, King William 
 Street, K.C., has cojirteously supplied most of the particulars and the 
 illustrations given in this article. The company have also done nnich to 
 diffuse authentic information throughout the United Kingdom on the 
 clinmte, the products, the mineral rcsojn-ees, the trade, fisheries, and the 
 general development of the Province, with particulnrsasto theacquisitiim 
 of land, the location of towns, travelling and banking facilities, and other 
 matters of interest to settlers. 
 
 Free scl'.ools exist throughout the Province. The means of 
 elementary instruction keep |)ace with the growth of the population. 
 Nor are the more sparscly-|<eo|)led districts neglected. Wherever a 
 minimum daily attendance of at least ten pupils can be secured, the 
 (iovernment supplies n certificated teadier, so that there is scarcely a 
 settlement in the country too small or too scattered for the advantages of 
 a oouimon-school educaticm to be afforded. Last year's return gives over 
 two hundred public schools throughout the Province, educating about 
 sixteen thousand children. About one-fifth of the total revenue is thus 
 disbursed, besides large annual grants fnmi the Department <if Lands and 
 Mines for the erection of school-buddings. The salaries of teachers 
 in cities are defrayed out of municipal rates, which also support 
 high schools. 
 
 In the early dajs, during the first mining "boom," and prior to the 
 opening of the Canadian Pacific Kailway, the cost of living was high. 
 Growing competition anil increased facilities for transportation by land 
 and water have lowered the prices of the necessaries of life, which cost 
 no more at the present time than in the adjacent United States territory. 
 They can be purchased at a moderate advance upon the prices ruling m 
 the iiuirkets of Ontario and ICastern Canada. Already lorge numbers are 
 on their way to these inviting fields for enterprise, and it is expected 
 that the advent of Spring will witness a vast immigration into the 
 country. In the judgment of mining and Stock Fxchnnge authorities 
 there is every likelihood of a busy time in the market for British 
 Colu.iibia mining shares. 
 
Mabch 2, 1898 
 
 THE SKETCH. 
 
 269 
 
 OKANAGAN LAKK, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 XAI.R, BRITISU COLUMBIA.