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Leltci I. I 
 
 4N EXrOSITIOW OF THE "REASONS" CONTAIN- 
 ED IN THE COUNTER PETITION OF THE MK- 
 UICAL FACULTY OF M'GILI. COLLEGE. 
 
 To the Honorable the Memberf of the Legislative 
 
 Council and Legislative Assembly. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 A measure will shjr'Jy be submitted fjr your 
 sanction, and seemingly simple although the request 
 appears, which is sought to be obtained by it, it yet 
 involves interests of exceeding magnitude. It is not 
 unknown to your Honorable Houses, that curly in 
 
 owes its present hi;^h and dignified position, and that 
 it is to the absence of it, or the free trade principle, 
 that that Professional character has elsewlicre been 
 degraded. The fact wiiich I now assert, I shall not 
 leave unsupported by proof, by ample proof, but to 
 adduce it now would be to anticipate my subject. 
 
 ^Vc may here, u jt irrelevantly, enquire into the | 
 nature of the " Diploma or Certificate," the privi- 
 lege of granting which has been petitioned for. In 
 limine, I observe, that a Diploma and a Certificate 
 are by no means one and the same thing. A Diplo- 
 ma is a Certificate, but a Certificate is not a Diplo- 
 ma ; and I use the terms in the conventional sense ' 
 
 only issued by two Authorised Bodies in Great Bri- \ 
 tain — the Societies of Apothecaries, of London' 
 
 December a petition was presented to you, signed ' in which they are employed in England. Certifi- 
 by the lecturers and students of a new School of j cates, according to that meaning, (and it is the | 
 Medicine in this ci'y, in which the petitioners prayed meaning employed by the Bodies themselves) are* 
 not only for an Act of Incorporati'jn, but what was 
 of far greater importance, the permission to grant a 
 
 diploma, or certificate, to such Students, who, after ! aiid Dublin. They are in reality Licences, or " Ccr- 1 
 an examination before thcmseWes, shall have becir tificates of qualification to practice," as Apotheca- J 
 found worthy of it. On the 9;h Dcembcr, a coun- , ries, and constitute that authority by which thef 
 ter petition to the above was presented to the Logis- General Practitioners of England, Ireland, and^ 
 lative Council, by the Hon. Mr. Druneau, and to Wales, exercise their rights. Diplomas, again, are i 
 the Legislative Assembly by the Hon- G. Mof- j "letters testimonial," granted only by the Royal i 
 
 r ATT, cmanat.ng from, and signed by, the Professor 
 and Lecturers in the Faculty of Medicine of M'Gill 
 College. The Faculty of Medicine humbly con- 
 ceiving that tiie delegation of a privilege, such as 
 that sought for, would be injurious to the best inter- 
 ests of the country, deliberately expressed their opin- 
 ion on the matter ; and however great the obloquy 
 has been which they have since encountered from 
 those most interested in the matter, they at least 
 have the satisfaction of knowing, that the cause 
 which they have sustained — not more their own than 
 that of the profession at large — is approved of by par- 
 ties unconnected with themselves — parties who, un- 
 trammelled and unbiassed by party feelings, have 
 estimated the question oo its own intrinsic merits. 
 
 The Petition, Gentlemen, embodies two requests : 
 tlie one an Act of Incorporation, the other the privi- 
 lege to grant a Diploma. The Act of Incorporation 
 is one thing — the privilege to grant a Diploma is 
 another. The former is a matter of very little con- 
 sequence, but if the latter be conceded also, it tht;n 
 becomes a serious question. Most important inter- 
 ests immediately become affected — interests apper- 
 taining not only to tht Medical Profession generally 
 but to the community at large. Under the cry of 
 Monopoly has the banner of free trade principles 
 in matters of Medical science been here unfurled, 
 which, whatever may be the opinion entertained of 
 the benefits of their introduction into commercial af- 
 fairs, can be demonstrated to have induced the most 
 pernicious effects in matters of Medical Polity. 
 Monopoly "? I .shall prove, Gentlemen, that it is to 
 lliis very monopoly that the British Medical chara^ ler 
 
 Colleges of Surgeons of England, Scotland, and Ire 
 land, and the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of 4 
 Glasgow, expressive of the proficiency of the indivi-jl 
 duals who hold them i.i the particular branches spe-H 
 cified. Diplomas arc to Surgery what " degrees" 
 arc to Medicine. A Diploma, however, is not af 
 Degree. Degrees are honours, whether in the Fa- 1 'I 
 culties of Medicine, Divinity, Arts, or Law, and arei 
 conferred by Universities and Universities only. Inf 
 Great Britain, both are Licences ad practicandum,- 
 and the holders practice accordingly, those of the ' 
 first as Surgeons, and those of the second as Physi- 
 cians. 
 
 It would be folly in me. Gentlemen, to deny the' 
 fact, that by establishing schools, with power to 
 grant Diplomas, with all the flattering seducemcnts 
 connected with short courses and small fees, the pe- 
 cuniary interests of the Universities would not suf-' 
 fer. I cannot for a moment believe that you, as the' 
 Guardians of public good, will suffer to be sacrificed 
 on such grounds, the higher seats of learning in this ' 
 Province, upon the maintenance cf which the respec- 
 tability of the Medical Pjrofession, as well as the best, 
 interests of the public are essentially dependent, but' 
 I shall at once take higher ground, and assuming > 
 as my texts the " Reasons" of the Medical Faculty, . 
 sliall argue the question on its abstract merits. 
 I have the honor to subscribe myself. 
 Gentlemen, 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 A. Hall, M.D 
 ! Montreal. Feb. 13. 1845. '' *'/■■''»■" ' 
 
 11 
 
 ' >! 
 
 ■Ill '«.' I; 
 
'••'^"' • Letter II. 
 
 AN EXPOSITION OF THE "REASONS" CONTAIN- 
 ED IN THE COUNTER PETITION OF THE ME- 
 DICAL FACULTY OF M'GILL COLLEGE. 
 
 Reason, I. — Because under the present circum- 
 stances of the Province with its comparative- 
 ly limited population, the Mfidicnl Schools 
 attached to the two Univenities of King's 
 College and M'Gill College are more than 
 sufficient for every purpose of such Institu- 
 tions. 
 Reason, II — Because the number of young men 
 entering the Medical Profession, although 
 doubtless bearing the same ratio to the aggre- 
 gate population as in other countries, is from 
 the same cause in this Province limited, and 
 th<!ref are insufficient of tfiemselvcs to remu- 
 nerate in any thing like an adequate manner 
 the labour of thep- teachers. Their distribu- 
 tion among an increased number of Schools, 
 will have the undeniable effect of rendering 
 them inefficient, by crippling their revenue, 
 and thereby obstructing the acquisition of the 
 necessai-y materials for the illustration of 
 their lectures. 
 
 Ieason, III. — Because one well established School, 
 in which every facility for the acquisition of 
 knowledge is affoi-ded, is preferable to a plu- 
 
 1 rality of Schools, with limited means, and 
 still more limited facilities. 
 
 To tilt Honorable the Members of the Legislative 
 I, ,. Council and Legislative Assembly. 
 
 lENTLEMEN, 
 
 It may be that from my intimate connexion with 
 ,ie Medical Faculty of M'Gill College, any argu- 
 lents which I may employ, in favour of the posi- 
 ;on which that Faculty has assumed, may be re- 
 arded in the light of "special pleading." So fur 
 s these letters are concerned, I lake this opportu- 
 ity of assuring you that that Faculty has nothing 
 hatever to do with them : they are written on my 
 ivn responsibility j and my only desire is a truth- 
 il exposition of the subject, and of the reason- 
 bleness of the objections o*" the Faculty. I 
 lall assert nothinp; that I shall not be able fully to 
 ibstantiate— and substantiate in the firmest man- 
 sr possible, by facts— a method which appeals at 
 ice to the understanding of every individual. 
 The first reason or ground of objection assigned by 
 le Faculty, bears every appearance of being the 
 qjression of their mere opinion on the matter, and 
 ider such supposition has been encot: itered by an 
 Anim of an opposite kind. It is, on the contrary, 
 deliberately advanced assertion, and has not been 
 ade without the full warranty of facta on which to 
 st it. The only mode, then, of testing its value is 
 f an appeal to statistics, to determine the ratio 
 hich medical schools, having the power of confer- 
 
 ring degrees or diplomas or certificates, bear to tl; 
 population of other countries, and to ascertain the 
 same with reference to our own. 
 
 In Great Britain there arc 19 Corporate Bodies,, 
 granting ad praclicandum certificates of some kln(' 
 or other. From this list, however, we may, with 
 out improprietj-, exclude the Universities of Oxforc 
 and Cambridge, Trinity College, Dublin, and the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, inasmuch as the annual 
 number of graduates in the three former is very 
 limited, and the power of the Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury is now never exercised. The number of Cor- 
 porate Institutions granting licences, then, will be 
 reduced to 15. 
 
 In the Germanic Confederation, there are 25. 
 
 In France there are 21. 
 
 In the United States, according to the American 
 Almanack of 1844, we have a liat of 28, all granting 
 degrees. 
 
 In this country there are 2 — King's Collrge and 
 
 M'Gill College. 
 
 We have now to estimate the relative proportion 
 of these Corporate Institutions to the populations of 
 the respective counirics : — 
 
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 It thus appears that we have already in this couu 
 
J 
 
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 with 
 
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 try, nearly three liinea as many CoUcgety ccnfcr- 
 riiig degrees, in reference to the popiilution. at ob- 
 tains in Germany, France or Great Britain, and that 
 wc have even a greater relative proportion than is 
 met with in the United States, where the free trade 
 principle has run rampant, and where the cry of 
 " no monopoly" has ever been the order of the day. 
 Butindependent of the two Universities, we have 
 three medical boards, one at Toronto, Quebec, and 
 Montreal, which in accordance with the law, have 
 the power of licensing, irrespective of the Universi- 
 ties ; add to these again, the claim of the " New 
 School," with power to grant a diploma; the peti- 
 tion of tlw Marine Hospital of Quebec, and (as the 
 "sunset of LIFE," in the words of thc Scottish 
 seer, " gives mystical lore,") the phediction of Ihe 
 Montreal Medical Gazette, that thc next Session of 
 Parliament will witness the preferment of a claim. 
 
 223, which is a very limited number for the sup- 
 port of two schools, admitting tiiem to be equally 
 divided between both, and that all attended the lec- 
 tures, the latter of which is well known not to be the : 
 case. f 
 
 2. The inference is a matter of £ a. d. Let use 
 suppose, in the first place, that the students frequentn 
 the two existing Medicrl Schools in equal numbersji 
 in thc proportion of 1 1 1 1> < each. According to the pro-lj 
 posed Medical Bill, the pericd of study will be Iimit-i| 
 ed to four years, with one sessional attendance oni'I 
 certain branches of medical science; con»equently,|j 
 each lecturer will have the fourth part of that num-oi 
 ber annually in attendance on his lectures; givingrl 
 him an annual class of 27. Assuramg £3 to be theil 
 fee, (which is that of M'Gill College) he will reccivet;! 
 annually from hb class the sum of JC81 — and this for,^ 
 a six monlhi' course of 120 lectures. But I haves^* 
 
 by a third party in this city, for powers similar to | now assumed the best feature of the case : there wilf 
 what the New Schoul is now demanding ; and let me be five schools, and tlie 223 students are to be divid- 
 ask of you, gentlemen, what will be lay what must i ed among the five ; albwing to each the large num- 
 be, the result of all thisl i^'ar^s then confirm thc first Uer of 44. This divided by 4 will give us by tlic ^ 
 reasonable objecticn urged by the Medical Faculty, same rule the annual class of each lecturer, 11 stu- ;|' 
 
 Reason 2.— This contains an assertion similar | dents ; yielding him, according to the «ame scale ol ; f 
 in character to the preceding, and an inference ; ^^cs, the sum of £33, which is to be his « adequate ,; 
 drawn from it. Wc may therefore consider it under j remuneraUon" for all his toil and trouble, and out ol ' 
 two heads. which all incidental expences connected with his ^ 
 
 r. The exact number of students in medicine in jdass, are to be defrayed independently of the «ac-. 
 Canada, cannot be determined with any precision. ' quisition of thc necessary materials fur Uie illustra- 
 We may come near the truth by estimating tlieir tion of his lectures." 
 
 number according to the ratio which they bear to the 
 population of other countries. They " doubtless do 
 
 I have not in these statements, Gentlemen, strain- 
 ed a point, or tuken the slightest undue advantages 
 
 baar thc same proportion," and no reason can be ^ appears to me that I have discussed this question 
 asbigned why they should fall short of, or exceed that ftiirly and candidly. The pos.tiye evils which wil." 
 ratio. By an able writer in the last number of the ' ^^ cntaikd, require surely to be well considered be- 
 Quarterly Review, the number ofindividuals licensed fore a ruinous concession be made, to tlie crj 
 annually to practice in Great Britain is computed at \ of " "O monopoly," such " monopoly" having ir 
 fromS'JOtolOOO. Now as fi;ur years is then minimum i truth no existence. One certain effect will fol- 
 period of study, we may fairly estimate thc number of low— so surely as that concessici, L made,— thc lom- 
 medical students at 4000 on the lowest computation- \ P^t^te destruction of the Universities, which I havt 
 In tlie American Almanack for 1844, tlie number of | shjwn to be more than sufficient for every purpos< ; 
 students attending the difierent Schools in the United of such institutions in this Province. Canada L 
 
 States is given as 3177. The following table then 
 will give us a comparative view of thc number in 
 tliis country, estimated by the mean of the popula- 
 tion of the two countries divided by the mean of the 
 number of students : — 
 
 Population. Medical. 
 
 Ratio of students 
 
 Students 
 
 to population. 
 
 Great Britain 26,835,773 
 
 4000 
 
 1 (d) 6708 
 
 United States 17,063,353 
 
 3177 
 
 1 ^ 5370 
 
 Canada 1,199,704 
 
 196 
 
 1 ra 6120 
 
 Or estimated by the ratio whicii obtains in the 
 United Slates, which is considerably higher than 
 tlial ill Great Britain, tiuir number nill be 
 
 now an anomaly in the world, as regards the num- 
 ber of her Chartered Medical Schools to herpopi'la' 
 tion. What will she be when such schools arc mul- 
 tiplied % 
 
 Reason 3. — This is a self-evident proposition 
 or it may be viewed as a corollary to the two pre- 
 cedit.g reasons, and requires no demonstration noi 
 exposition. 
 
 I have the honor. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 To subscribe myself ycurmost cbd't. scrvt., 
 
 A. Hall, M.D 
 
 Montreal, February 17, 1345. -V 
 
[^«r 
 
 i 
 
 Letter i:i. 
 
 AN KXPOSITION OF THE " REASONS " CONTAIN- 
 ED IN THE COUNTER PETITION OF THE ME- 
 DICAL FACULTY OF M'OILL COLLEGE. 
 
 Reason, IV. — Because from a desire to swell the 
 list ofstudtnts, and of those who annually 
 receive Diplomas, various temptations indc- 
 
 I pendent of pecuniary ones nay be held oul, 
 
 especially those of an inferior standard of 
 qualification and of assurance of license to 
 
 j practice wlien their curriculum is com- 
 
 i. pitted. 
 
 Reason, V. — Because the existing Provincial 
 Medical Boards Cimperfect though the Law 
 be under which they are constituted) are guile 
 adequate to the wants of the public in pre- 
 venting the admission of incompetent persons 
 to pi'actice,while they are not open to the same 
 temptation of grunting liienses to imper- 
 fectly p'-epared students, as rival Schools 
 would be. 
 
 ASON, VI. — Because if the privilege of granting 
 a Diploma equivalent to a license ad phac- 
 TiCANDUM be accorded, a bad precedent 
 would be established, and a similar boon 
 could not with any projmety be refused to 
 any number of similarly sdf constituted as- 
 socictions, which would assuredly have the 
 effect of lowering the standard of quulifica- 
 , tion and establishing a rivalry, nut us to 
 which School jvould produce thcbist educated 
 jnactitioners, but uhich uould grant iht: 
 greatest number of Diplomas. 
 
 UE 
 
 i I 
 I 
 
 ft! 
 
 ''o the Honorable the Members of the Legislative 
 Council and the Legislative Asiembhj. 
 
 i'rENTLEMEN, ,,, , ,. ,,. i 
 
 f Id continuance of our suljcct,we now arrive at llic 
 [^Fourth Reason" advanced by the Medical Faculty, 
 bd it is one that I npproacli not without feclir.gs of 
 Muctancc. The question which naturally arises is — 
 ^ave practices such as are specified in the Reason 
 '•cvailed anywhere ? And if so, where '{ reply 
 ■\at such proceedings have been practised in the ad- 
 '^ining Slates ; and I shall now substantiate what I 
 'ive affirmed : 
 
 ^ About three years ago, an eminent Professor of 
 
 inatomy, from the United States, visited this city 
 
 ir the purpose of delivering h popular course of lec- 
 
 Bres en Anatomy. He stated to mysi If and to 
 
 liters, that he was desirous of establiahing in the 
 
 ollege to which he belonged as high a standard of 
 
 ifcdical attainment as possible, but thai it was itn- 
 
 [(ssible to accomplish that object, inasmuch as ma- 
 
 rf were permitted to get possession of biplonias at 
 
 );e Cnllege, whose qualidcations were7ieyt/subniit- 
 
 (^ to hiiri. The " Trustees" conceived it fur the 
 
 glcrest uf the Institution, in a pecuniary way, t3 
 
 gant them after the following very characteristic 
 
 »<»nn(>r: — lie was solicited by the Trustees to sign 
 
 . \ ihu conclusion of the Session, a nuiuher of blank- 
 
 Diplomas — he was requested to do this, ni>d trcourto 
 could hardly refuse so innucent a request. Out lliu 
 consequence of his doing so resulted simply in this, 
 the hatching of a fl jck cf M.D.V, wh?, without hav- 
 ing ever sulj.xted themselves to any examination, 
 CiJine forth to tiie world in the full-blown honors of 
 genuinely-made Graduates. 
 
 Again, I have tj state, upon the auth(,rity of a 
 Graduate in Arts of one of the first American Uni- 
 versities, that it is not an uneonmion practice in one, 
 at leastjof the minor Medical Schools in that country, 
 to add to its (lublislied list of Medical Students, thu 
 names of Students in the Faculty ofJrts, to inuko 
 that list as imposing as possible. 
 
 1 have further to state, and it is a matter of noto- 
 riety, thai French Canadian Sludents, who have 
 confessed their inability, when applying lor license 
 at the Me'iical Board in this city, to speak one word 
 of English, have resorted to ajme of tiio American 
 Border Colleges, in which not one word of French is 
 spoken, and that after a sessi >:ial attendance there 
 of a few weeks, they have received thvir degree 
 in Medicine. 
 
 And lastly, gentlemen, I have to state, onU I do 
 this on the authority of the Secretary of the Mon- 
 treal Medical Board, that since the organization of 
 lh;it board in 1839, of fifteen American Graduate's, 
 applicants for license to practice in this Province, 
 five were rejected; making one-third of the whole 
 number. Of one of these American Graduate^, I was 
 mys. If one of the examinators, uad I can testily to 
 his utter ignorance and inco npettncy. 
 
 Now, gentlemen, if these things are s?, mny not 
 tlie causes wliieh have led to them be with us, an 
 object of inquiry which deeply concerns us % May 
 we not with every justice and reason, nsk why De- 
 grees, the highest honours in any Faculty, arc con- 
 ferred on individuals utterly unworthy of them ? 
 Must not the preparatory examination,to which these 
 young men were submitted, have been but a mock- 
 ery 1 And is this one iota better than the awarding 
 of similar Degrees to individuals who never passed 
 any examination at all 1 Arc proceedings like tiiesu 
 calculated to elevate the cliaracter of any Profession 
 anywhere '{ Will not that Professional ciiaructcr 
 surely but slowly become degraded,Degrees and Di- 
 plomas become objects of contempt, and instead of 
 communicating to the holder respect and conlldcncc, 
 engender towards him suspicion and distrust 1 
 Amjng the mullitudu of causes which have con- 
 spired to this result, one of the most prominent, cer- 
 tainly, is i\vi undue pr )poraijn of tliesc Medical 
 Schools to the pipubilion. Each one of iheso Me- 
 dical Schinjls must live : every means, legitimate as 
 well as illegiiimate, honourable as well us disho- 
 nourable arc put into n.qnisiti ,n, on the ploa Ibat 
 llie end nill ScU.clion the nuN nx- I'hcir lixlit of 
 
 tbtiig 
 Surgery 
 Diploma 
 ubtained 
 which si 
 and will 
 with D( 
 Britain, 
 upon it i 
 Gentlem 
 sonable 
 why ih 
 not be 1 
 tu come \ 
 possesaet 
 l»vo more 
 <'ornwall 
 'I'lien ;n(| 
 •I'lvantaj; 
 
 ")AIPKT1 
 
 ''IV ! Sci 
 
courto 
 (ut tliu 
 ill lliid, 
 it liav- 
 natiuti, 
 xori of 
 
 ily of a 
 III tiii- 
 ) in one, 
 iouiilry, 
 Ills, tllU 
 to iiittUo 
 
 of iioto- 
 ho have 
 r liceiivo 
 jno word 
 ^inoricuii 
 S-VejitA ii 
 ice there 
 ,ir dcjjrco 
 
 , and I <lo 
 the Moii- 
 Izadon of 
 JraduaU.'*, 
 
 Province, 
 
 the whole 
 
 itC^, I WU9 
 
 I testily to 
 
 mny not 
 i^ith UH, an 
 is '{ May 
 why Dc- 
 ,arc con- 
 of them 1 
 hicli ttieiic 
 it a mock- 
 c uwarding 
 ever paiscd 
 ;8 like these 
 i'rofussion 
 ,1 eliaructcr 
 Ices and Di- 
 iiistuad of 
 eoiiftd<s"c<', 
 distrust 1 
 > iiave coii- 
 |niiicnt, cer- 
 !sc Medical 
 if llicse Me- 
 jcgiliniate as 
 [11 At dishu- 
 ic jtloa tiiat 
 litlr lii^U of 
 
 Students are ftctitious'y augmented in r.umbcr, and 
 (Jruduatcs are mad ■, no matter h»\ ; to demcnstratc 
 to the ivcrli), in the one case, the faciUlius which 
 the iiidividuiil schoul possesses for communicating 
 instruction, by its being a favourite rcscrt cf Stu- 
 dents, and in the second, tiie estimation in which 
 their Degree is held, by their large list of Graduates. 
 From this swtepi'ig denunciation, I cheerfully ex- 
 clude five or six of the higher Universities. The 
 time honored character whieh thry have eslii- 
 blishcd for themselves requires no such false allure- 
 ments for its maintenance, but to the; mass of the 
 petty Colleges it strictly applies. 1 desire not to 
 "insinuate" that similar practices would necessarily 
 obtain here, were the Medical Selioiils mulli,ilicd tc 
 ten times their number, but who could demmstrute 
 that they would not. Tliis much surely will be ad- 
 mitted, that we are men of " like passions aiid feel- 
 ings" witii our neighbours, and that by similar ac- 
 tuating causei, we would not be dissimilarly influ- 
 enced. 
 
 Reason, 5. — It requires no demonstration to 
 prove that tlie Provincial Medical Boards, uninHu- 
 enccd, and unaflccted by the causes which would 
 conspire to grant Diplcimas to improperly educated 
 Sludenls, would act in the most impartial manner. 
 They have notliing cither to gain or lose, hi the 
 passing; or rcj-ction of any Student ; and they are, 
 llierefdre, sufHcienlly " adeciuate to the wants cf ihe 
 public in preventing tlie uduiission of incompetent 
 pers'jns to practice." 
 
 Reason, G. — We now come to the nature 
 cf the request petitioned fur by the New School. 
 'J'his is the power of ecnferring a " Diploma or 
 Certificate." I ad nit lh;it thuy ask not for power 
 to grant " Degrees," but they do ask fur some- 
 tlihig nearly akin to it, for " Dipljmas are to 
 Surgery what Degrees are to Medicine." Their 
 I Diploma is to be a " certificate of qualification" 
 obtained after an examination before themselveSj 
 which shall be tantamount to a license to practice, 
 and will accordingly be placed on a perfect level 
 with Degrees, from the first Universities in Great 
 Britain, so far as subsequent permissicn to practice 
 up ni it is concerned. Concede this privilege once, 
 (ientlemen, and where are you to step 1 What rea- 
 s)nable objection will yju be enabled to advance 
 why the precedent, once established, should 
 not be accorded to all applicants for it in time 
 to come i Montreal will soo'i b;ast of three schools 
 possessed of similar powers ; Quebec will adi one cr 
 two more to the list : Tcrjiit), Kingston, Brockvillc, 
 Cornwall, will come in with their apjdications. 
 'I'hen indued v. ill be realized all tlie oveifljwinjj 
 ailvantaj^es which will result, from "healthy 
 loAiPKTiTiON," tl.c result o( the "no nionepoly" 
 cry! SctENCf will inlCLil Iv mimitily iiciiefitcd, 
 
 by the slrugii,Ies fer existence, and for "fameI 
 which all thess schoels will have to make ! PluccI 
 Gentlemen, by the concession of the Priyih go, upq 
 a level with the Universities, tic schools will drtl 
 the Universities uith them intj the same yawnir 
 gulph of degradation, which will inevitably open wi(| 
 before tiiem. This is a 'esult which will cerlainll 
 follow, and, Gi;iitlunien, 1 ask not too much of youl 
 hi requesting yuu to pause and ponder well the coiiJ 
 sequences of the concessi.n, before irrevocablj 
 rtcordii.g y^ur voles upon the question. Tliis letle 
 has exhibited the con sequences of an undue propoij 
 tion of schools to the pjpulation, upon the Profession 
 in the United States : it rests with yon,Genlltmen, 1 
 uinintain the respectability of the Proicssion herej 
 i)y av'jiding the causes which have tended to 
 iinpairiiieiit there. 
 
 I remain, ,^ , , 
 
 Gentlemen, ■ . 
 
 Year obtdicnt servant, ■ 
 
 A. liALL, M.D. 
 
 Montreal, Feb. 22, 1843. 
 
 Letter iV> 
 
 1/ 
 
 AN KXPOSITION OF THE " REASONS" CONTAIN- 
 ED IN THE COUNTER PETITION OF THE ME- 
 DICAL FACULTV OF M'GILL COLLEGE. 
 
 i.lEA90N, VII. — Because, suck evils in UniversUies 
 pussesaiiig Huyut Vfiurlers are efftctualbj ob- 
 viated bij t/ie general supeivisio exeiasid 
 by a Board of (Jovernors, uficse a. aesprin- 
 cipolly coiistst in the appointment ofcjficient 
 Teacacrs, in the eslablibhinent of tlie stand- 
 ard of quaiificalion for graduation, subject 
 to appiovul oy Her Majesty, and in causing 
 the faithful observance of every regulation 
 tending to that object. 
 
 Reason, VIII. — Because in the Petition of the 
 " College of Medicine" for an Act of Incor- 
 poration, ifc, Sfc, the petitioners have not 
 stated the curriculum which candidates for 
 their D'plomas would have to complete, nor 
 have they pledged themselves to the fulfil- 
 ment of any particular course of study, nor 
 have they specijied the duration of their 
 courses nor their nature. 
 
 Reason, IX. — Be<ause the duration of ihe course 
 of lectures now given in the " College of 
 Medicine" is tiille more than half tliat of 
 those delivered by your I'etitioners, viz. : 
 three and a half months or two courses in se- 
 ven moatht), while those delivered by your 
 Pttitioners are all of six months duration. 
 It is obvious, therefore, that the branches 
 cannot be so fully nor so explicitly taught as 
 those by your Petitioners. 
 
 Reason, X. — Because the power of conferring 
 Diplomas equivalent to a license ad prac- 
 TitANDUM (5 ?io/ cuj'jycd by any of the 
 jaatly celebratid MctiopoUlua or Provin- 
 dal ^'c/ioy/j in the MoUici CoH.:tri/, b,:l is 
 
l1 
 
 exdaxiviiy confined to the Univsrsities, the 
 Royal Colleges of Surifeont of London, 
 Dublin, and Edinburgh, the Worshipful 
 Company of ^pothecuriet of London, and 
 the Faculty of Physicians and Surv^cons of 
 Glasgow, the last two under certain Limita- 
 tions. 
 
 lb the Honorable the Members of the Legislative 
 
 Assembly. 
 Srntlemkn, 
 
 i Wlicrcver Corporate Mcdicil Iiislitulioiis do not 
 ixist in uii undue proportion to the population — it is 
 I Ihe interest of tluse Institutions that tlieir Degrees, 
 viplomus, or Certificates sliauld not be awarded to 
 kidividuals unworthy of thcni. These Dt!<;recs or 
 
 1 t)iplomas, then btcouics marks of merit or synibcU 
 ' \£ honor to their possessors ; tliey arc proofs of their 
 
 lerfect competency to the full disciiargc of their pro- 
 essionui duties, and arc received and recognised as 
 iuch by the community at large. Honor and confi- 
 lilence are at once awarded to the hi^lder. The res- 
 icctability of the Profession is niaintuinci by tim 
 idmissiw'n into it of none but well informed, tlio- 
 ^ 'oughly instructed persons, and this circumstance 
 i leccasarily acquires for the Institution in its turn 
 the well merited and implicit confidence of the pub- 
 lic. But a higher result than even this will obtain, 
 a result bearing in the most direct manner on Science 
 
 2 itself. The new members, thoroughly instructed, 
 and well grounded in every elementary department 
 
 "jof their Profession, emerge upon the tlieuire of lift 
 ' prepared for every emergency ; aiid the foundalijii is 
 ;jthus laid for future discoveries and improvements. 
 : Such, gentlemen, are the beneficial influences wiiich 
 il]Aai'e flowed from a regulated and due propoition cf 
 'i^iCorpuratc Medical Institutions to the population in 
 i>|Grcat Britain, France, and Germany ; three of the 
 finest enlightened nations on the earth, and in which 
 >(Medical character stands higher, and occupies a 
 ',{more dignifl;;d position than in any otiier. The tvil 
 ticonsequcnces fl jwing kVom an opposite condition of 
 lithings, I have fully exhibited in my 1p ♦ letter. I 
 liwish not to draw the contrast in too strong coLurs, 
 1/ but I shall leave the inferences deduciable from the 
 u-stutemcnts which have been unfolded, to your own 
 gicalm and dispassionate judgments. 
 it. The general supervision cf a Board of Governors 
 ci cannot but be attended with most nalutary 
 e effects. They constitute a check upon licentious. 
 ,<i nes3 in conferring Degrees on the one hand, 
 
 sion be once made,) would act in uuth niatlcrs as 
 l/uy pleased -, the power which would be entrusted to 
 thera might not be abused,but what guarantee would 
 Her Majesty's liege subjects here possess, that they 
 would not be placed under the tender mercies of in- 
 dividuals, whjse errors, be they those of omisaicn or 
 commission, would not je.pardizc their lives 1 
 
 Reasons 8 and 9.— It was stated in a " Reply" 
 to the "Counter-petition," that the Bill whic*! 
 would be submitted for your sanction. Gen- 
 tlemen, would contain " every particular respect- 
 ing the curriculum, the duration, as also the 
 nature of the courses of Lectures" and that these 
 " would be fully detailed in the Bill." — Now, the 
 Bill contains no information cf the kind whatever, 
 beyond tiie fact that the duration of the lectures is 
 to embrace a period cf six months, and include 120 
 'cclures, similar to what are now delivered in 
 M'Gili College. But of the " curriculum," and the 
 "nature of the courses" which young men wculd have 
 to complete, or Lllow, to obtain the diploma cr cer- 
 tificate, we are entirely ij^iiorant. Why the Bill 
 which it was said would contain a full detail of these 
 particulars, did not contain the same, and that too 
 after a sjiecific promise to that effect, we can only 
 conjecture. But the Bill, it appears, has as it standi, 
 obtained the sanction cf the Legislative Assembly ; 
 and to ensure its passing through the ordeal of 
 the Legislative Council, the word "diplema" 
 iins been struck out, with the obvious intention 
 of thereby implying that tlie " cerlificale of quuliii- 
 catioii,"is a matter cf no conscquenee whatever,tliat 
 it is not a Diploma, and may therefore be accorded 
 us a thing of trifling importance. If I can substan- 
 tiate, gentlemcn,that Diplomas are but "certificates 
 of qualification," and consequently that "certificates 
 of qualification" are Diplomas in the ordinary i^ense 
 of tlie term, it appears to me that I shall have 
 proved, that mutalo nomine, the request sougiit jor 
 is precisely the saoiC. 'I'hc Koyal College cf Sur- 
 geons of Ediiibui'gii grants a Diploma, and let us 
 now sec what the wordi'g of that diploma is : — 
 
 " Hisce Uteris testatur, viriim ingenicsum A. B. 
 Studiis pracscriptis rit6 peractis, examini sese sub- 
 jecisse : atque ita ad interrogata de iis respondisse, 
 ut muiieri tarn Chirurgico quam Pharmaceutico sus- 
 cipiendo omnind par esse videretur ;" which may 
 be thus translated ; " It is by these letters certified 
 that A. B., gentleman, haying completed in a 
 
 jf and are a guarantee to the public on the other, for proper and due manner the prescribed studier, 
 j« the maintenance of the standard of qualification, submiUed himself to examination, and so replied 
 ^ and fv-r the faithful observance of all regulations uf- to questions concerning them, that l.e would ap- 
 ,t fecting the arquisition of Degrees. Unfettered and pear to be, in all respects, qualified to un- 
 |!l uncontrolled by any superior authority, the " New (Lrtake the duties of a Surgeon and Apothecaiy." 
 f School of M'jdicinc," and all other schools to which ' Here, then, Gentlemen, is a Diploma cf the Royal 
 ' a similar power would be dv-Iogatid, (*/ //^p fonf«- College ufSurgecns cf Edinburgh, and what is it, 
 
ilcd to 
 would 
 it they 
 of i»- 
 Bicn or 
 
 Reply" 
 whic'i 
 
 , Gen- 
 rc»\'cct- 
 ilso tho 
 it these 
 low, the 
 iihatever, 
 cturcs is 
 ;ludc 120 
 ivurcd i» 
 ," and Ihc 
 rculd have 
 na or cor- 
 • the Bill 
 ail of these 
 ,d that too 
 ve can only 
 ts it stands, 
 Assembly j 
 B ordeal of 
 " diplcnm" 
 IS intention 
 u of quuliii- 
 hatever,tliat 
 be accorded 
 ;an substan- 
 "ccrlificates 
 "certificates 
 dinary sense 
 ll shall have 
 ]st s-ught ijr 
 [ege of Jsur* 
 and let us 
 Ima is : — 
 
 Licsum A. o- 
 \\\\i sese sub- 
 reBi)ondis8e, 
 [laceutico sus- 
 ^'» which may 
 pttcrs certified 
 uplcted in a 
 ribtd studieJ, 
 [lid 80 replied 
 |he would ap- 
 tlifitd to un- 
 Apothecavy." 
 cf the Koyal 
 Lnd what is it, 
 
 let me ask you, but a "certificate of qiialification." 
 It is, moreover, a license, ad practkanduin', and 
 what else does the New School ask for its "certificate 
 of qualification V They ask for a Diploma, to all 
 intents and purposes, and be the wording of tlic Hill 
 ill this respect what it may, it savours of deception 
 to attempt to disguise the fact. 
 
 Reason 10. — The last reason advanced by the 
 Faculty, why tlie power cf conferring Diplomas or 
 Certificates, should be denied to the " New School 
 of Medicine," is based upon tlie fact of the non-pos- 
 session of this power or privilege, by the British Me- 
 tropolitan and Provincial Schools of Medicine, in 
 number between 30 and 40. This power is restrict- 
 ed to 18 Incorporated Institutions at the utmost in 
 Great Britain, and it is this very restriction which 
 has produced such beneficial infiucncea upon tne 
 Profession there. The private sciiools in Britain 
 seek not a power or privilege of tiic kind . They 
 are satisfied with the simple recognition of their lec- 
 tures. And what valid grounds or reasons can be 
 urged, that the " New School of Medicine'* in this 
 city, fornr.ed, I may say, but yesterday, having cer- 
 tainly not yet completed their second course 
 of lectures, should enjoy a position which is 
 withheld from the British Metropolitan and Pro- 
 vincial Schools, nearly all of which are Schools 
 of eminence and celebrity, and in which a 
 large number of the most eminent medical men of 
 England, Scotland, and Ireland have considered it, 
 and do consider it, an honor to be teachers. 
 
 In conclusion. Gentlemen, I cannot refrain from 
 recording this opinion, that the question involved in 
 the petition of the " New School" has been made to 
 assume a feature, which is not warranted by any 
 circumstances connected with it. It has been dis- 
 
 cussed us n parly question, and has been^dccided H 
 the Lcgisiativn Assembly upon such grounds, nn«l 
 net upon its intrinsic mcritf. I have in these let 
 Icrs, carefully jdispassionalely, and candidly, review] 
 cd tlic position maintained by the Medical Facultj] 
 of M'Gill College. I have inquired into the validit}! 
 of their"reasonable object ions, "and tested, by an op 
 peni to figures and to facts, thry have not been fcuntij 
 wanting. In the tnsk which I have just complet' 
 cd, I have proved that we have already in thii| 
 country three times as many Corporate Insti- 
 tutions, granting Degrees, in reference to the po- 
 pulation, as obtains in Germany, France, or Great 
 Britain, and that we have actually a greater rela- 
 tive ratio tlian is met with in the United Staies.il 
 I have exhibited the efieels upon the Medical Pro- 
 fession, which are unavoidably concomitant with an 
 undue and unnecessary prcportion cf schools, — that; 
 that Professional Character has become degraded > 
 and from the examples of Great Britain, France and 
 Germany, I have pictured an opposite state of things, 
 the direct result of a due and regulated proportion. 
 It remains with you now. Gentlemen of the Legisla- 
 tive Council, to decide between the alternatives ; to 
 adopt the European practice, a limitation of Corpo- 
 rate Medical Schools, by which the rcspectab.hty of 
 the Profession will be maintained j or the American 
 one, a multiplication of such schools, by which it 
 will be assuredly lowered. 
 
 I have the honour to remain. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 A. Hall, M.D. 
 Montreal, February 25, 1845.