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HiotogTdphic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WIST MAIN STRUT
WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO
(716) 872-4503
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1^
BHITISII AND AMERICAN INTKRCOURSR
LETTER
TO TIIK HT. was. THE EAUI. OF DKRKV,
ON
THE IMPERIAL
HALIFAX AND QUEBEC RAILWAY
ANU
AXIILO-ASIAN
8TKAM TRANSIT I'KOJKCT.
Hi TIlK
|[J)N ^in l{I('ll.\|{|> HHOIJX. RAKT, (i.C. .I.J.,
oRKtINA roll n|- TIIK SL II I M K
" \\ f \riiliir«' 111 nitsfit tlial if llu^ trniiiiil ut cciiiiiiliiitii \ 1/ ini si.\-fiiii\i \ 1 r^s
t>r 1MK (iHKM 'I'kI \K K M I.W W — will ICIIl'iMil, aillt HrllNJl (ll|>lhll lti;ltlllliltrly llll|.|.)wa
ill il)'v<'lii|iiii|; 111- riMiiini-< nl ilicsc ( 'lllolln■^, tin aiiin a.iIiuii n \ wmiM Im- liiislu >I iiiIu 1 lirii.ij
hliiiiiliir. Nav, liiiirr, il mtils liiil lliis hIkiii' Id iiniki llir Nnrtli Aiiirt ii'iiii ( iploiiim !lir ni(i.«t
|iri>«|H'niii.>, a.i llir> iiri' ii"W I In' iiiii<il iIi'miIiiI ami In) a I ol ilii' Iniiiiln •!-< nl iiiilliiiii> it -.iiIijciIn
MJiii liav«" •.wmii Hll«t((inii< r In till' lintixli ( lowii."— Ilntijiii (iHiirilnin . Stutrli J'.'. Is.'il)
TRELaWNV S.VCNPKHS, CIlAKIMi CllOSS.
wmm
■• \ KKKKKKMK to llic C'(.m>|.(.n.i.ii( r Will nmki' it ni.|irni tvid.i.i (|,,it iiu plnlin'
lii.> Im.i. i;mii „f n,«>ist.iticr to iiiii/ luir ol Uailwuy cxctipl i ii.\ i originally i.ro|io>.il.
•• 'riiMcriaiM l)fsoiiM ili-liii.t iMi'KiiiM, iMi-liK>r loi the saki- of wliirli aioiii-
l'..il:uM.'tit ,.ml.l !«■ .all,,! upon to ,,|,.,li;c tl... national rrv.nniM.n licliulf of sn.-li an
oljjrii." — Sir John I'ukiiiijti.n In l.onl Klijiii, May 20, IB.'f'J.
" A noMf friftnl oi-jiosite ami I iirt-sid llic sulij.rt willi -.oinr (lr|;riv of iniporfunitv
I'll the lati- (iov.iMiiiiiit as a nialurof Imi'huai, iMHiK^r ; ami I >ai t li.l|i s.iy-
itiirll'it llu first arr.piL'Oimnt to ivlii.li Karl flity aiK.rtid, that l.y whi.li this I.im;
wv- lo iti KMiu -rKh ri. \ CoMi-ANv. woiilil |„. more satisfactory than l.aMiii; it m
till- liamKof tlw Colonial L.-islatuivs. •• — /.,„•,/ Ihrhy, //uiuiuf t.',nh. June 7, 1h:.2.
" I uo'il.l not ili\i,ii' th,' otat.-^ of till- Ki.h ainoin; ihr I'mir : Iml I wouM oj.cn
nj. lo ll,.. I'oor Ilio virgin soil ot tlic Kinimr, that tiny may no |i,„i;,-r vxxX into the
tortum-, wli,M tliry ciny llic j.rospcrity of t!ic Kicli. (iii,. tlic poor Scot.siuaii wild
lia« no laiiil Ik piece nf Norlli Aimricn, purclias.a by llic lilooil which staincil ihc tar-
l.m on ttic i.lam- of Ahraliani. Let the Knt'li-hnian or Irishman, whosp kimlred
(li>i(«l throu-li the surf at I-oiiishnrjr, or iluhhcd llicir inuskfts at lUoody ( reck,
hav, a hit of the lami their fathers fought for. Let them at hast have thi; option of
o.Miei-ship ami occiipatidn, ami \ muiix.k i,i carry them over. The results of such a
policy woiijil as assureilly he conservative of the riu'hts of properly, is it «ouM peniia-
nenlly relieve the |i.'ople Korvnur -ake. asvvdl as for llnir own. the people of
llrirish Aincricn are anxious to see you adopt an elevated and enl.iru'cd scheme of
( oi ONI VI I'oi.icv, hy which relief will h,' given lo your resources, ami strength to
Iheir o»ii. Tin- hopes and prospects of the Future will Ihen atone Uu- tht oiiii»ii>n.<«
and errors of llie Past. We shall feel that Knglalld is imiee I Orii lloMi.. and voii
vmII feel that Ycr ll.vvh Homks nn lioth sides of the Atlantic."
Hon. Jonfjih t/(tiie'a Address at Suul/tatii/ttun, January ] I, IH.il.
JJRlTLSll AND AMKKICAN L\Ti:i{(J()L'l{.SK
" A liiDiiiriiKiiii i|iic '^tiuM iii\ iih III .■ , ii» w !■ Miic, |-( I V 111 lii'M It (Idc", till' (•liiliilil y
UllU IMTIimiKIU'V III Jilltisll Illtl'I'I'HtH oil Illl." ( 'l)lltlllCtll."
Add r< l.i III J/i r Mi'jiit;/J>;,i,i tin \,ir llruii^rtil, I., iji.^latHri , Mui/, \>^'M>
TO TIIK HlOllT HON TIIK KAUI. OF OKRHY,
VHIME MlNrsn.K AM> KIltST l.<»ltl» dK UlC TltK.Vai UV
Mv Lou I).
I\ the /.'(//'/// AVf/vs of Yoslcnlay'^ liatc, a notice aupcars from
a ('()nts|Mtnilt lit at (iiichcc, dated the lotli ult., savin;,', " Last
'■ Siitunlay's d'uzi ((<■ ((Hitaiiied an inijxtrtanf iiroclaniatinn. It
" was enacted in tlie Railway Act of last session that if, from
" any unforseen cause the ( '(.ilonies shonhl fail iu ohlainini^ froni
*' th<' Imperial (\ihinet the ^ruarantee recmired to procure Knglish
*' capital to huild the Tkink Link, the Ciovirnor-(j'eneral
" should he at liberty to throw open the (ntcr'irisc to j)rivate
'• caj)italists in this Province, m.il in the f.'iiitc/ S/afrs, and to
" advance I'rovmcial honds for oiu' ha'f the amoiuil retpiired for
any single line. It seems that unr ( 'al)iiu i have only just dc-
" cided that tiie nepx-iation with Sir John Pakin^'ton is a failure,
"and have come to the conilusion that if the Main Think
'• Link is to he built at all, it must be hy onr own unaided
"etibrts; so the Proclamation nntitics to the world that the
" various sections ot the Road are at the disjiosai of (api-
'• talists."
N\ hen, my Lord, the siipineness of the late (ioverninent
with reference to this i:rtat undcrfakiiif; eiiconra^j-ed those
movements in the British \orth American Colonies which leil
to the PuKTi.AM* (\>Nvi N rioN in .Julv ls:)0, and the iuau'Mi-
A J
wmm
nitioM of tlu- liah-Yankcr lKilf.( •„l„nial i.lm that a llailroml
should he cuii^titictcd to coimcct Calais in tfw State (»f Maiiu-
with the I'oi-t ot llahra\.-a \( w IJnms\vi( k journal thus rv-
Jiiaikcd, •• \\\ may shut oi-r cvi s to the fact, hut it is not h'ss a
> fact .Ml that a(T< lint, that the projected llailuay which has
• ii<-\\ taken hohl (.f \\w |)id)he niitid, is likely to superscd.-
■ that tioin 'lalita\ t(. (iiichec alto;:ether ; and thus instead of
• iiindini: the Colonies toptlur hy one common interest, and
• linkin.L' that interest to the Piu-nt State, it is hi^'hly prohahle
• that tlii> is the //•/.../ /;«/.■ of the chain that will eventually hind
• tluni to the Cnited Slates."
Ajrain, my Lord, a ctirrespondent of mine in New Hrnnswick,
who ni Nov. IM."), was present at a jreneral meeting' of the in-
haliitants of the counties of Wistmoreland in New Brunswick,
and Cuiid)eiland in Ndva Seoiia, when it was nnanimouslv re-
solved " that the m(»tin|.r re^sudcd with marked approhation
•■ the proctc(lin-s of the I'mnioters of the <:reat national under-
" takin;.; of estihlisirmj,' a Tiun k K\ir,\v.\v from Halifax to
'• Uuilu'c, and would cordially co-operate with the sai«l Pro-
'■ motirs, and with the Le;;islatinvs of tliese Colonies, inearrvio"
'• tins uia.L'ni!iecnt enterprise into operation," referrinj: to this
eontt mplatid Aimiiean ajr<;ression, thus wrote to me at the
tunc :- •' It is now too lati' to undertake anvthinir with re"ard
'• to the (iuei.ec and Halifax liaiiuay. The IVovincrs are tired
'• of till iniecrtain liunihu^r ,,t the Colonial Otiiee, and have just
'• enlen.l into an ;uran-ement with the Americans for the con-
" strui;ion ot" the ' (ireat I'-i.ropi an and North American Kail-
'• way,' tiom Calais in the State of Maine to Ilalit'ax, hv wav of
•• St. .lolni and Sluili.ic. Ilv rn Canada has come into this; and
'• >he will conuuuniiate with tlie Atlantic In liir Montreal and
•• i'ortland Liiu'. LordCJnv's la>t dispatch tiuislnd the matter,
'■ and an iinnunsi c .n\( ntion was ht Id at I'ortland in Maine on
'• thc.n-t nit. at which .'.OUpirsons wi re presmt. 'I'he AnuTicans
• will tiiid (apital TuKsK Puovincks wii.i, \or uk Hhitisii
•' ri-.N vKAifs i.()\(;i..k; and no one who has witnessed the
.-»
'ro-
** Coiirsr |)iirs«ic(l towanK tlirin l»y the itrcscnt ( inMrimiciit (llie
" llussril) niii l)c in tlic least siir|)ii>r(l at siirli a itMill. 'I'lic
" |)t'()|)lr Wdiihl have prtfrncd aid iVniii I'. iif:laii(l, Imt in (lrs|)aii-
" tlicy have turned tlieir atteiitimi elsewlM re.'
IIaviii;;(iri^'iiiated, my l-nnl, in tl^e cln-i n, !-ll,tlie riio.ni r
ol' opciiin;^ (lii( ct Kl<ineiilal Iiitc rcmii «e l)t ! ,.( ii ( m at l^illaii)
and Asia l)v way til'tlic llrilish Noitli Amkik.iii Pioxincis, and
conduct* d tliii>»e procei diM;_'s in |k),'i lui tlu' I'nrination i.l an
A\(;i,()-('.\.\Ani AN CoMi'AW to nali/e tlie nndiitalvin;.'-. uliicli
sinc(! that date has oeenpied sn nnieh ot the ;iltenti(in ol tlie
Ci()\eninient hnth here and in the (' )lunies ; (m | ml (I'nv Ix .
coinin:; Colonial Minister, a connKunieation was uddn sscij to
him. to whieli the t'ollowin;; reply ua-- reei iM d IroMi Mr. II lUl■^,
dated the J'Jnd of Oetoln r, I •il<t,~" 1 mi dine ted l)\ r'.aiid'icy
** to aeknow led;;e the receipt ot" your letter of the lutli in-t.. in
'* which von lav helnre his Lordship the proci i dinys ■At\i\ \ieus
" of the ( lentienieii u ho are associated w ilh xoii in liir o'/nct
'• ot eslahlishinir a Railway on the North .XiiKricin ("oiitimnl
" hctwccn Ilalit'av and (inel)ee. L(ir(l(ir(\ dir((t-- nu In in-
" I'orni voii in answtr, that he is t'nllv srnsihie ol ihi' Li'icat ini-
'• portanc<' of the suhject uhieh you lta\e hiiin;_dit luidcrhix con-
" siileration, and that her Majesty's (io\ crnineiit \vi I lie anxious
" to jrivc .ALL JIIK SI I'I'Olir IN r u K I u rov kk (o the projected
" Railway ; hut that nnlil the Survey which is now in pro^'ros
" .sliall have heen made, j'jid some estimate tormed of the pruhahle
" cost of the undertaking', and also iintil the \ iews ol" the ditf'ereni
" Provincial [..e^'islatures as to the hest mode ol CarryiuL'' it info
" etlect shall I'.ave heen asei rtained, it will he pnmatine toenhr
" into anv considcratiun of the sev(i;d proposals coiilaiiiMl in
" your letter."
Ahout two months Ijcfoie the date of the docinnt nt ahn\c
(juotcd, Su' RoIhtI I'cd's .\dmiuistralion had. in conscipu n(( of
resolutions haNinL' heen passed hy the Leiiisjativ e As-.( inhlies ,it'
Canada, New Miunswiik and Nova Scotia apurovmir ot' the
Railwav. ordereil a snrvev ot the li'ie to In madi'. During Mr.
wmm
( Jlmlstom'ii tenure of otHce deputations Ironi tlic Pnimotcrs twi<'C
luul iiitt-rvif W3 with him on tht- sulijrrt. Anil on the last ol' thtsi-
tKCusioni 1 |)!:ui'(l in Iiin hands a MKAioitAsniM i«Mitainin^ cti-
taiii propositums, tlie adoptiiui of wliich would make thi- nnilcr-
lakin^ NO Car u State nicuMne U8 that (}t»vtrnnunt would have >t
dm ft partitipation in the nianai^cinent, the |.atryna<^e, and thr
reliinis ol the Compaii) .
'I he l-'inal Ktport ot' thr OiVKcrs «iiip|uytd to sinTty the line
ol the pnijeetcd i'nmk UaiU>.iy hetweeii llalif.iv a"d tinthee.
was punted hy her Majesty'H eoiiiuianti in lMt>. From it, the
uii>st antheiitie doennieiit that has ever appeared in print on tlie
soil, cajKibilities and n sonrees of liritish iNorth Ameriea south
of the St. Lawrence. I liiul that the present (iovernor-(uiieial
ot" Canada (Lonl Kl^^in) thus speaks «>f the undertaking; in a
despatch addresseil to Karl (irey, dal-d L'.ird Dee. islS:—
" On the vast importance of tiie intended work, whither as
" .;(lcetinj; Imperial or Provincial interests, 1 fiel that it is alto-
" ^ether unnecessary to insist. The sidtjccl ha.'^ lo:»}r been
" helore the pulilic, ami its maiiiloiil ri-eonnnendations have
" heen al)ly stated in various puhlii atiwiis, otheial and unotficial,
" us well as ill the valuable Reports of the .Survey in;^ Knj^ineers.
" I cannot, however, icfrain froni observing, that while on the
" one hand no undirtakin>x seems to me so well ealeulatiil asi
" lhi>. to connect the l*ro\inces to;^'(tlar, to promote the inte-
" rests which they have in common, to inspire them with a con-
" sciousness of their own strenj^th, and thus to lit British North
" Amerie.i for the tultilnu nl of its hi^h destinii-s , so, on the
" other, none appears to be more likely to increase the popula-
" lion, exleiul liie trade, and develop the ItKul resources of
" each : and if this remark be true as applied to ("ajiada, still
*' mine emphatically does it hold irnod ol the lower Provinces."
.\t'ter the publication, niy Lord, of the Heports of the Sur-
\eyinu: Ln-iineers, tiie I'roinoteis ot' the projected A.mjlo-
Can.vdi.w Company loi con.^trncting the Hailroad in lsi;»,
and then provisionally registered by us, renew eil stcj»a with
Karl (iroy lor hucIi (lovrrntnoiit aid a»ul co-opcratittii m tlio
case an we iicrdol. Mul our co' i« ^(KMHlrKCi' tlii-itcd notluiif^
Im'VihkI vaj^iie rt'sponsfs of a kii>i'. iiolliin;^ calciilati'd in |irac'lia:
to soroiid t)ur c'fl'orts. I lie Canadian Assembly, however, iu
July IN 17, ineorporattd a ( 'ou paiiy to eonstiuel the Fane within
their Trovince, whieh Act received th" Koyal asnent on the l.Hh
of April, isiM; and in April, is'iO, a similar Art paHsed the
New Mrunsvvick Assnnl)ly, K'vinj; power to the xaine Hotly to
C(»nstruet tile Line within their Province.
Siuce that period, the Hon. Joseph Howe, Colonial Secretary
for N'ova Scotia, has heen on a mission to this country, to pro-
cure tlw consent of Her Majesty's ( loviriunent, Jst, that the
Main 'I'mnk Hallway Ixtwccn Halifax and (iurhec shall he con-
structed hy the three Colonics as a l*ul)'ic or I'rovineial Work :
and •Jnd, that the credit ((f the Ihitish Treasury sIkiII he so
p!cd-i;ed, as to cnahle the Colonies to raise £^J^)i)O^K)^) of capi-
tal for Railway purposes, hy fruaranteeinj; I0 thi' Shareholders a
minimum dividend of .\\ per cent. Whilst more recently a
second mission, compose d of the Hon. Messrs. Hincks and
Chan«ller, have visited Isufiland to urtre the proposition that
(lovernment shall iruaranlce the <aid t7.<'(M».(>(M>, hut for a line
of Itailway to coiiiieet (iuchec i.nd Halitax passin;_' throu<rh the
valley of St. J(din.
These IVoviiMial movements confIictin<; with each other, and
neither hriii-- in accordanci u ith the principle that the Com pan Y
for the construction and mantiL-'i'inent of this <rreat Intkhna-
IIONAI. Hi(;n\VAV Ijetutin thi' three kin^'doms of Kngland,
Scollaiul and Ireland on the one side, am' the tlnvc provinces
of Ni.va Se.tia, New Prunswick and Canada on the other, shall
he an ANOi (i-C WAO, AN, or a British and Colonial Company;
on the 1st of June last I addressed a memorial to your Lordship
as chit'f adviser of the Croun, recallinti; to your recollection that
in Julv l^l.'i, a Memoiial from myself and associates, addressed
to the Prin\e .Mniister (the late Sir l!oh<'rt Peel), was specially
n'fci'vd hv him to vour Lordship, who then tilh-d the otlice of
i*^^
Colc.niiil Sirrctnry; Htatint: that your Lordship, on th,- 25tli of
the saiiu- month, had rcr.ivi .1 « dcpufatioi,, htaihil hy tnynclf
on tl... M.l.j.Tt, whcnynu im.niiHcd, "that it the projrct vvi.t,
favouiahly nit<i1amtd hy the CuloinVs, thi- Company «rt on
fiH.t hy us for its accomphshnunt. Hhoiild not fj,i| t„'|,„v,. the
countiM. nro and .support ofthr Ilonu- (iovonmu'nt;" and nrginf,'
the rocpifst, for thi- rti.w.ns «,.t torth in n IVtition of mine to
the llouM' of I.onls. uhich \Mi< prrsnitcd in Anjrust last yrar
hy thr Duke ..I N.Nvtastl,-, that ( Jovirnnuiil s' .,nl(l now forth-
with noniinair a mi\.d Imperial and Colonial Counnisslnn, A>ilh
powiT to iriatr a j..int stock A NCii.o-CANAoiAx Company
for the purposes of cmstnutinf,' tht- Railway, and srttlin;; tlif
vacant territory o\<r whiih it will pass— the Covt-rnmrnt vest-
in<r in till' said Company the \acant Cnm n lands referred to in
the Facility Acts, passid hy the thn.' Colonial I.e-ivlatnres in
favour of this my scheme, and otiu rwise fruaranteci ig annually
to the shareholu. rs a minimum dividend of :i\ jter cent on the
capital expended, should the returns o( the Companv tidi short
oi that amount.
.Shortly after the transmi.ssiun to your Lordshij) ,.r this
Memorial, the comnunts hy the Press, and disrussii)n!s in Par-
liament. on Mr. Ilaicks's letter, of the I>t of May. to the Colonial
Minister, led I., several nu-etin-shetween r . , the chief originator
of the Halifax and (iuehec IJaihvay C..mpanN i.. isj:,, and the
(ieiitlcmen representing ' 'i'he Canada. \. w Hrunswiek, and
Nova Scotia Railway Company,' incorporated hy the Canadian
Legislature in 181;, and hy tlie New nriui-.ulik LegisLitiwe in
1^50; when after nnu-h deliheration it was arrangcil that the two
Companies shall he auudgamalid; that st< ps shall he taken next
Session in the Imperial Parliament to have them incorporated
as an A.noi.o-Canadia.n Company; that the administration
of the (i.mpany's allairs shall he in a mixed Hoard of Directors
or Cnninn>sioners, ..f whom not less than twelve mendnrs shall
he resident in this country, and nine in the Colonics, (viz. three
ui e.icii ; and that a currtspoudcnce shall he opened with
9
(lovcrnmrnt !»» obtain for tlio I'romotors |K>rmlssiMn td intrt;.
(luci- into tlu'ir Hill forthr iiicorporalion of tlir ('ntii|(an\ n < laiisr
aiitlKirisin;^ llif Hiitish 'ricaMirv to ;.Miaiaiit« «■ \n tin sliait !i,.|i|i r»-
llif annual niininiuni dixidcnd of .{ ' pi r cmt on a *>liai'(' (aiiital
of i.'>,(MK),(MK).
Ilavinjr, on tin- iMlli June, finMi>Ii((l >ir .loiui l'akin;.'t(in
witli an clalioiatc lv\|(ianat()r} S ia ikmkm', hIi« win;: tliat
i,'l.(MH),(M(l) wilUnlliix' to cnn-trncl tli.' Main Innik KailvNi.y
hitwrrn Halifax an(t Unrhcc ; and also < >lalt!i'.lini<r liv ic li;d)lr
d.ila that tin- j^narantrc «uii;;lit niav Ik con-ult ikI alto^^ttlur
a imiiiiintl u\u\ inasinucli a^ the trallic ittuinH n|Miii a Inic uincli
is tu l)rint;a|io|inlationut'tliii-ty niillions n< :!n> < oinitrv.and about
scvt-n inillidiis in Antrt ica into dirttt conuni rcial intcnuui^-f, vsill
not fail tVoni the connninccnrnt to i.^wy tlir lial)ilit\ in tlir
casr ; on tin- 'JJtIi of that month, the Cdlunial Mini^tit rcciiM'd
a Deputation, consisting' of Lord Dudl. y I'. Stuart, M.P.,
Messrs. T. Al.rs lianlxey, W. lioothln. T. C. Hanlicld, (', II.
C'olk'.tr, and in_\s(!l; \\\\vu 1 pland in his hancK (irtaui I'lio-
i'«).sn Kt.Ns, ami Mr. Ilankcv assured him that, slinuld liny
be favourably entertained, the fluids ii(|iiired for making' the
ilailway woidd readily be sul)si'ril)cd.
Considciiu^r, niy Lor»l. freni tiie l)e;:iindn;.f in l^l.'i that thi^
has been a 'rnasury (|uestiiiii rather than a Cclaiial ( )tiiee
»|Ue^tion, I put my^elt' at tliis staire iiito enimn.mieaf iin uitli
your Lordship | .r iIk- purpose iienf i-.pi cially ol' shew iiiT e.ui^i
w hy nivsiir a;i(l a^>ici,;'. s should he rey;ii'!i(l h^ t h'' ( i.i\ crii-
iiieiit as •riih: Ai.iisrs lor oriraiii/.in;; tlic ( 'o.m r \ •. •! whiih shall
have confided to it tin; neees.sary powers tor realiziiej; I lu' project
of construe! in:: a Trunk Uailway httweeii l;al:t'a\ and dueltec,
and sitthiiLT tlu xaeaiit tiriit.»r\ - ! l.ooo.ooo acres — throu"di
nhich it w ill pas.*,
I bavt' aliiady stat(il thai a Memorial fr.;iii in\ -ell' and eol-
lea^jrues, date ci (he I Jlli of .Fiily , I s j.',, to the thc.i I'riiue Minister,
was ri'ferred In him to your Lordship, who filled the otlie--
of I'oloiiial -NLii-lii'; .uil I have ab.u cited tlu p;oiiii-r of' ( o-
10
operation which a Deputation iTccivcd from you in consequence.
'I'liiit (locunu'iit shewed, iiitrr (ilia, 1st, — " '1 hat n Puhhc
• CumpaiiN wastlie.i in eourse ot beiiifi; set on foot in London for
" the pin[H)se itf coi> truitinj; a Waii.way which shouUl connect
•• tlie IVdvinces of Nova Scotia, New I'irunswick, and Canada,
" l)v a (iirect line of Steam (.'ominunication, conjinenein"' at
" Halifax, ami procecihng thence to Quehcc and Montreal, with
" power j)roi;ri ssively to extend the same westward to the
'• I'iicitic Oceait, tonn Hraiulus, and pun hase and improve
'• I^amls upon the line.' Jud, — " 'I'hat it was confuU-ntly
" ixpecttd l)N the I'romoters of this great X-vrioNAr I'ndkh-
" iWKiNt;, that it Windd ncrive the conhal support of all lier
" Miijestx's siilijects ini lithtr side of the Atlantic, who were in
'■ aiiv way iiili i\ stcil in the Traile, Commerce, and Intercourse
" suhsistini!; hcttwet ii (Jrcal Hritain and the British North
" Am» rican ( 'dlt'iiic-.*' And .Jrd, — alter various other para-
jrraphs eudH>dvi;iir <j:rotuuls inr tin* cunclusion that a Thirty
l)av>" line of Steam I'acket and Uailsvay comnuuiication may 1)0
I tl'ceti'd hetwecn (ireat Britain and China, across liritish North
America, the I'r" nut', rs asked certain exclusive facilities and
advautap; fur the Company pri)jected hy them, "in consi(U'ra-
" tion of the vast conujiereial and political importaiu'c of such a
" kiv to the trade of thi" \\()r!d: that it W(»uld supersede the
" hicrs«;itv ttir the proposed Military Uoad akm^j: tlir Ixiimdary
" lirir in New I'ninsuii'k; atiiird a va>t (ipeiiin;:: for the safe
"and protifahle iiivi'^tmeiit of I'riti-h capital; and above al!
'■ titinirs, furnish proirrcssively inuneusc facilities for the sys-
•' teinatic plantation and scith nuMit of the whole KuoN'riui
'' "rKiturroKV of Bri' '. N'ortli Anuriea from the Atlantic to
■' the I'acltic Oei'ans.'
It WIS. mv Lord, upon such wi idity and national considira-
lioiis as thise that the Promoters foimded their recpiest, that
(io\ermnent, here and in the Colonies, would ;.'iv(> them such
a-M^tanci- and connti nance as might he necessary to ohtain for
ihcii ('o.MJ'ANV the coittidencc and co-operation of the British
.-jip
rm
11
Public, and all others lornllv interested. '!'hc Memorial was
prepared hv me ; and the one transmitted to the I'rimc Minister
was siirncd by order and on behalf of the Pn mutters and Pnt-
visional Hoard, by V. W. Hamilton, Ksq., <iiu- of om- nniiiber.
'The three eorrcspondinj^ Memorials tit llu; (i(iM;rn(tr-(ieni'»'al ol
Canada, and the Lient.-Govermtrs of Nova Scotia and New
Ib'nnswiek Ixtie my own si<;natnre. These' were iiCconip.mied
Ijv a letter finni onr Secretary, Mr. \V. nridtres, statin^:, '■ that
" he was instructed l)y the l'rovisioiiaU,'onimittec to enelosc for
*• His l^xrcllfnc', "h eitMsidcratiitii a Mciiiniiiil signed by their
" C'bairmaii, representin;; the views and (tltjccts «tf the Com-
" pany, aiul respcetfidly inviting his attenti(tn to ecrtaiu pro-
" positions;" and tinther addin'r, " that he ini-^ht be p( rmittetl
" to mention tliat the nndertakin;.; had met with the approval
" and sanetiitn of several parties of inflneiiee lieri': and trood liopes
" w»'re Mitcrtained. that a projeet so iiatiitiial in itsobjeets, and so
•' important t(t the ii\teri'sts of the I'ntvmees, would meet with
"• very jreneral support both in FinL'liind audio t!»c Colonies."
These c\traets citntain, my l.itrd. a eh ar devehtpment of (tur
project; and bavin;; already stated tlw promise made t<t myself,
and the other nninbers of the l)i[)iit,iti<in who waited upon yon
at the ('(tlonial OtHee. ou the 'J.'ith of .lulv. IM.'t, in lu.swcr to
our Mcnmrial, I will n(tw eite tlio-e i'.iei\(il from the Colonial
I'At'cutives.
The rciilics ol'llic thi'ec ('ovi.iiois to uur .\li mi iria!--. w.-iv a-,
((I'lows : —
1st. l''i(iM I, (tint F \i.i;i.AM> :- " liiili:;i\, No\.i S.ot.a,
" .\u;iii-^t llitli, l^t.'i. I lia\e nmived your li tli r, ilatcd the
•■ l^lh .JuK. at couip.ihiid h\ a Mruiotial froiri the I'rovi^ioiial
•■ Coiiuuittii- ot" tl.f pidjiitnl llalilax. (iutlne and Mitutreal
•• KaiU\a\ t'oni[iauv, in\itni- u\y atlciiiui to llic proposiliitus
" tlurciu r.putam.ii, and likiu i-c a>lvi!.u, t!ii;l I wi!lsuppoi1 the
'• pra\tr of the Mcumiial, lu iii\ lU --pa: elii'-' to the Secretary ot
■• ihe ("olouii -. Ii. ripiv, I !m ;.r lo a- -iii'c _\ ou, that leoiu-eive
•• llie ciiiiteiii[)!.ited KaiK\a_\ w . add . if ( ai ! ii (I into ethct. be pro-
ipp
12
'* (luctlvc of 80 much benefit to the Province of Nova Scotin, that
•' 1 will most willingly do vver- ..nig in my power to forward
" the vi(.'\vs of tile projfctors."
'2miI From Siii W. MB. Colkhuookk. — " Frcdcricton,
'• New Hrunswick, August L'Dth, 1H15. Sir William Colel)r(Kike
♦• presents his eotuplinuMits to the (Joutlemen composing the
" Provisional l?ourd of the Halifax, Uuebcc, and Slontreal llail-
" way Company ; and in reply to their application for su|>port
" from the I'rovincial (jovernment, he has the satisfaction ot
" being able to inform them that there is a very general dispusi-
'• tioi\ to facilitate and promote the undertaking in this Province ;
" and that he hopes by the next packet to forward to them
" some information of the proceeilings of local associations tak-
" iiig an interest in the subject. Sir William, in compliance
" with their request, has connnunicated with her Majesty's Go-
" vernment on the s\ibject by the present mail."
.5nl. Fkom Loiin Mktcai.fk. — " Civil Secretary's Othce,
" Montreal, Oct. 5th, IS 15. I have the honour, by command
" of the tiovernor-Cieneral, to acknowledge the receipt of yoiir
' letter of the isth July last, transmitting a memorial to iiis
'' F.xeellency from the Promoters and Provisional Board of the
" Halifax, auebec, and Montreal Railway Company, praying
'* ior a free grant of all tiie unloeated la:;d in the province over
*' whici; the line will pa^s, f'^c. 1 am directed to accpiaint the
" Nhinoriali>ts that the Governor-deiieral in Council has given
" to the memorial that degree of consideration which the vast
" imptjrtance of the- subject merits, and that without otfeiing
" any opinion on the t". a^ilnlity of i<pening a Railway eonununi-
" cation from Montreal to the l»acitie Ocean, his Fxeelleney in
•' Council considerN that the proposed chain of steam counnuni-
" cation from England to Montreal is calculated 'v.\ a high de-
" gree to promote the interests ami advance the prosperity of
" Canada, and is an undertnking well worthy »»f the co\mtenancc
" o\' this Government, and of the people of this and the neigh-
'* bouring British provinces. The (Jovernor-Gcncral in Council,
J
13
'* without being in possession of more information regardinp; tin-
" proceedings of the Company, is Uiiable to do more than to
« assure the Memoriahsts that they may rely upoik the Cioven:-
" ment of this Province for whatever protection and aid it n.;'y
"be consistent to rencU-r ; and where tin- Hailroud may pass
" through the unconeeded hmds of the Crown, it will confer tlie
" ri'dit to the Company of using what is necessary for the pur-
»' poses of the Railway." (Signed, J. M. lliggi-.son, Colonial
Secretary.)
To these encouraging promises of support and co-o|)cration
from the Home (lovernnunt and Provincial Kxeciitives in 1^1.'),
I might, mv Lord, cite rc>olutions in favoin- of the undertaking
by numerous influential Meetings held in that year at Halifax,
St. Johns, Quebec, Montreal and other places, but it would
extend this Letter to the length of a volume were 1 to do so.
The unaninu)us feeling of the three Provinces may, however,
be said to have been embodied in the following resolutions,
which were passed at a (Jeneral Meeting of the inhabitants of
the Counties of Westmoreland in N«\v Hrunswitk, aiul of Cum-
berland in Nova Scotia, held on the 1st of November, i8tr>, the
Hon. William Crane presiding: —
"1st. That this Meeting view the tstal)lishnieut of a line
" of Uailwav connciting the provinct s of Nova Scotia, New
'• Hruuswick. and Caii.ida, as conteniplatL'd by a Coinpai.y
" now ill course of fornuitioii in Loiulon, iis an object closely
" conneclMl with the best iinv "•-^♦.^ «.f the Colohies, being at
" the same tinu- eininently calculated to strengthen the ties
" which bind us to the inotli<r-country, and to aM'ord the
" means of establishing that perfect intercourse (indisputably
" so imperfect nowK which is so essential to their unitiial
" prospi rity ami happiness.
" 2nil. That this Meeting regaril with markeil approbation
" the proceiilings ot the l*romoters oi this great national
" unde'taking : anil will corilially co-operate with them, ami
«p«
•^
1 1
*' uilh lli( I.igisIiUiircs ol" tlu "^e (\>|oiiii!*, in cnrryinfr tliis
" ma^nifu'fiit cntnjuisc into ojuiatioii, l)v {giving its .isscut
" to free grants to the Cuinpaiiy of tiioso portions of the uu-
" ^^rantcd lands over uhich the contcniplatcil line may p»ss,
" as alho to an annnal a;ipr()|>riation fn)ni the I'mviiicial
'• ivvcnucs, proportional to the advantai^cs that will lu'
" derived from this great work, and t«> the state of the I'unds
" of the I'rovinee, and hv alfording every other I'aeility and
" encouragement within its powtr.
" .{rd. That this Ahoting should siilulously retrain from
" throwing any ditlieidties in the way of the sueeessful ae-
'• coniplishment of this all-important project, hy creating
" ditlerence of opinion, hy fomenting local jealousies, and hy
" dividing the energies of tl»e people of these Provinces, in
*• inconsiderately selecting any particular lin*- for the Main
'• Railway, in |)reforence to another, before tin; capitalists in
'* (ircat Ihitain, who nnist eventually decide this (|nestion,
" have had the opportunity of doing so upon the report of
" competent engineers, aft«'r an actual examination of the
'• face of the country ; that this Meeting is prepared to give
'' ecpial support and encouragement to whatever line may l)e
'* thus othcially adopted, notwithstanding its decided opinion
" that a cK.NruAi, i.im:, otfering, as it does, the principal
'• tract of ungranted land in tlus(> Colonies, and {)resenting a
'• general sunnnit level for the operations of the Company,
'• uiKpiestionably p(»ssesses superior advantages to the jjro-
" posed line up the valley of the river St. John, which has
'" attached to it the insuperable ditViculties consecpient upon
" a river naviy:ation of the waters of the Mav of Fundy."
As yet, my Lord, no l*arliamentary IJlue Book records my
eighteen years' labours in the cause of concentrating public
altei'.tlv/n upon the right scttleu'iit of that portion of our Trans-
atlantic Kmpire which must ever be the aux ft d«)m;( imi m
of British Sovereignty in the Westeni Hemisphere, notwitli-
13
standing it has hceii smd ol my \viitin<rs on the stiltji-cl : " \N i.
" know not tlit- author, Iml \vc can conluU-ntly say he ha^ (dn-
" rcrrcd upon his own conntry in particnhtr, and npon the Ixin;:
" tloni at large, a f^rtat hrnclit hy calhn;^ allcntiun to llic iin-
" nii'nsc suuiTcs of national juksjh rity wiiich lie uithin our
" prasp." Hut obscrvini; in a IJliU' Hook recently issned, enti-
tled, '• I'nrther Correspondence relative tt) the projected Kailway
"• between Halifax and tlnebec,'' that it is stated the project
orh/iiiatfil \u Nova Hcotia; and the Hon. ( leorL^' K. Voun<r mi
his " Articles on the (ireaf Colonial I'mjet t (;•' connecting Ilali-
'* fax and (incbcc bv a Railmad, and idtimitely the Atlantic and
" the wateis of I.aI.e Ilnrun," published Kel)iuary 1 s 1 7, h;i\ iiej;
observed, "to whom the merit is d-ie of orij,inat iiiiz' tliis prujei t
we ha\e not tlu means authoritatively to drcide;'" I may here,
my Lord, slate authoritatively that, allhoiinh Mr. ^'onn;.^ is per-
fectly correct in sayinir. "the practical movement — the a^^itation
'* of the (pic.-.t.on leadinj; to useful results both in Knjfland and
" in these Colonies — was mup cstionably produced by the pro-
'• jectisrs in London; they fiist ;.'ave direction and impetus t(»
'' the public miiul, induc«'d inipiiry and cond)inatioii, solicited
" the aid of the Colonial l-lxeeutivcs, and tnlisted the talent and
" cner;rv of the Colonies in its sn|)port ;*' nevertheless, the con-
ception of a line of direct IOi.kmknial L\ rKKcoinsi-; betwctn
Knrope anil Asia by route of the British .North Anuiican p(K-
sessions, and the s\>,tcmatic colonisation of the vacant Crown
territories o\tr which it will pass, is ( \chisively my own. So
iar bacU as FibruiU'v is, 5. 5, 1 first mooted the idea in the Jour-
nal of /•^hiiiriitdl /.(ir<i»i(ifiu)i : and the proi^ress of the Uailway
Svstem ilnrinjr the interval su^r^ested to my mind in th<' close
of 1841, the idra of creating an A\(ii.()-CA\Ai»iAN Comi'anv,
which should outrival in the W est the Kast India Company,
for the joint purposes of connnercially nnitiuf.' the waters ot the
Atlantic and i'acitic Oi'cans l>y moans ot' JSteam-vesscl and
Uaihvav cor.ununication, and settling; the vacant Crown terri-
tories through which the Line will pas>.
ima
With this viow, I prepared r. Prospectus of the project early
in January, IS 15, anil I have now before me a letter from Or.
Rolph, fonuerly Kniigratiou Agent for Canada, dated the 22nd
of January, IS 15, in which he says — " I return to you, as you
" desire, the very able Prospectus which you have drawn up,
" and only wish there had been as much practicability in pur-
" suing the undertaking, as you have evinced ability in designing
" it. There are, however, I consider, insuperable difficulties in
'' the construction of such a llailroad as you speak of, from
" clinuitc, as well as from mountains. In the intermediate dis-
" tance, between Lake Superior anil Nootka Sound, there is an
" extent of country subject to several months of severe winter.
" Whilst between the Lake of the Woods and the Rocky Moun-
" tains the surface is very irrcguhu-."
1 be" your Lordship will tix your attention upon the date of
Dr. Rolph's letter — for it was written two months before the
paragraph appeared in the 77;Ht'A' newspaper, ('23rd March, 1S15)
lieaded '• CiiiiANTic I'uojK.rT," announcing that Mr. Whitney,
one of the most enterprising New York merchants, had i)ro-
pounded in the United States a plan for " the construction of
"•' a Railway from the western shore of Lake Eric to the navi-
" gable part of the Columbia river and the Oregon territoiy, to
'' become the future meiliiun of the Amcrico- European trade
*• with China." When 1 drew up the prospectus of my project,
1 had no knowledge of Mr. Whitney'."' scheme. I can honestly
say that 1 have never seen the Durham Report, according to
Mr. (J. R. Young "so proud a mommient in the history of the
" British North American Provinces," and which he says
contains " the first suggestion of the Railway known to us."
The hitters and curresjKindcnce between Mr. A. ^^ . (iodlrey
and some Mendjcrs of the Imperial and Colonial (iovernments,
on the Halifax and Quebec Railroad, for which much praise is
due, had not then beeu written. And as regards " the projectors
« in London," or more properly speaking, the gentlemen in
London registered with mc, in July, 1815, as the Promo-
t.rsof th.. llaiUvav Co.npanv, vi. M.-rs. Il.nn.ltun. I^rul^.s
,,,,,, ,,,a Valn.tin<s no, on., ot llu numbu- l.ul ...v ™^^^^
ti,„.with the un.UTtukiMj, at th. .lair of Dr. l>ol,.l. > I.tt.r.
rctuniii.s my Pr..s|Kctu^, al...v.. .|uut. .1.
AnJ if, ,nv Lonl, no on.^ .-an sv.tl. jus,.... ........ 1....U......
"the wiml unci mv ....l.il.ty," - '-^^^'•<»^' »'- !-"'""> "' ""•
sc-hnn., so u.. one. nu. ^^ill. truth aU..... tha. th. uha ...r «a^
,, ,U.a byn.., or by .ny ..olK.a.u.s as >• a ,rcat ,./,.u.
"nrojoct" Th.- un.k-.-taki...r is to uu.t.. thirty n..lhn„s M
h.r Majr^tv's subi..cts at th.- Kur..,...an t. n...uu. u.th U.rc..
,„i,honsof i.c.r M:^.s.y's s,.lr<t-n th.. l.h..h VM-ti. AnK.nc^^
l>n,vinccs, and nc-arly six nnlH.ms ..f ...h...- ,a .M.!-''l-l'' -« ♦'-
,ountryb,>nh.nn,.,Mth...h...-..s.>fth.(in.:.tKak..>. tmth.r,.,
is to settle, with nativ.. Kn.^^hsh.n...., Sc...t..u.M, a,..l Ir.>h.....i.,
, ,,,KK.,(H)t»a.M-..s..fva.-ant Cn.u.. La,..ls. Tl... ....nMru. tu... ..i th.-
TurNKHA...NVAVa...litsnra....h..s....nt..n.plat.san..xp.n.hlu,..
of lour. >Miv<. million. ..i- Hnt.sh ..ap.tal; a...I lU,t.h laho^^^^
,..,„nti.hsupe.n....n.l..uc-...s..ssn.t.aMi..-its..ah.at.,n I c
„,,,,, „,,,. fnun th. ....m.n..u.....u..nt has lu..n a,..l . a..
n,H.nal ....t.rpn--^' ^''^ioual ..o,u..,n- -a Stat.- nu......
,,.^sti..n. KuHh.n.u,n.,ithasalUlon,b...nmyi..-.loi>-
ia a promin^a tVatuvc h. all n.y wntn.,. u. th.. cans,., that t us
...,ht nn.tc .>n.a..nuUi..ua c..mau..o. b..tw....n Un.an. ... ..
IC^^ton. an.nV.st..n. h..misplu.r..s. is a .hn., to lu. .na.h. l.a- ^
(•oloni.:s,anauithtlu.Colonics-but..ot/-,/th..(..l..u...s.
,.-,,, th.sc- pn.n.is..s th.n, v'.u.- I-n!.hlp ^^. 11 natn.atb ...l.r
„„, I c.o,.si.l..,- tlu- proposals ur^...l hv th.. Hon. . ..s..ph
„„.c...nthcon..ha...l,a...lthos.. I, ,h..llon.M.ss..s II..... ,
,„.U'ha,.ai..r..nth.. ..th..r,a,...n...tl....-..f th...n..nt.,l.-.l to.h.
,,..,,.,,>an.... an.l suppo.- of ,)..• Bn„sh ( ....n........ . A...
,vhv-^ H.-..a..s. rith..r,.f..o..<....l...l.woul.lalt...lh>. tui..l,.m..,.,al
..,,;ra,.t..r a.ul pnn.-.pl'' "'■ ""^ ^■'^' "='»""'^'' u..a..l,.k up
,Vsi.l..s, th.s.. misM.a.s hav.. 1-^,1. I...... in th. la., ot A. .^
,,,ss.a bv th.. Canada Asm,..I.U a,..! ,U. N. u iin...su..k
A.snublv" a.tualK .......p-aal...^ a IMu.-M (u.v.ss ;„.,...
ti
wmm
I
i
j
i
t
struct thrTur.NK Link iV.un (huh.r to Ilalifhx, so far as il
passisthnuifrh these ivsju ctivi: C.l,,,,;,.^. I, ^ mu; that tht:
A<ts in .|,u8ti..i, inccrpoialf lunvly a IVovmdal Ci.inpany-
ouc uhidi has come unasked upon the domain of the Tiunlv
Kailuay projected by nn— antl whieh prr sr has n.ith.r the
i"""*'"<<S the rapacity, n<.r the means to nahze the undcrlakin-
Hut uevertheless. lorthe sake of .n.ify, and )hc locus stn,ui;
Hu.h as it is which the sai.l Acts aiionl, th.' int. rests <,f the
suhscrihiTs for stock in the Colonies, and thos.- of the parties
rcpriscnt. cl hy myself an.l associates, have; been amalgamated ;
and we now approach the (iovernment to ask a fuUilmcnt of
that promise of co-operation which yoiu- Lordship, in your
cajjacity of ("o|,Hiial Minister, iravc tome in ISI.j; of those
promises of c.).(.pcralion t.) uhich the Kxecutive a.ilh,.rili. s in
the Colonies pIciL'cd themselves in the aiUumn of that year;
anil of the promises of co-operation which l!ie ioliahitants ,.f
British North Anu-ica th.cn n.;,vo as one man, jiul which no one
ndl now violate who remains loyal to our Sovereign, her crown,
and sway.
My Lord, I might extentl this letter until it assumed the
length of a volume, in shewing cause why the j)ropositious
which 1 placed in .Sir John i'akiugton's hands, on the '.';th of
.lime last, should ft.rtliwith he acceded, liut why should I in-
fringe upon your Lordshii)'s time in a matter which re(|uires so
very little consiileration ? If \\v askt d a (iovernment guarantee
for 3' per cent on a share capit^d of four millions sterling, your
L«)i-dshi|), as 1 irst liord of the Treasury, might still, after seven
years loss of time and expectation, pause before giviu" us a
njily. Jiut we do not ask this. \\\ only ask that the(jovern-
uu nt will consent to our bringing in a Ihll next Session, to in-
ct»rporatc our amalgamated AncjlO'C.waoiax Company, which
>hall contain a clause giiaraiiteeing thc.Ji percent on the capital
to be expended. The responsibility of ilealing with such a clause
Mill thus lie with I'arliament, not with Ministers. And the
I'ubii. will then know not only whether the charges nmdc bv
in
Mr. Ilinclvs, in Ins cTlil)rut('(l LcUrr of tin 1st i>l Mav la^l, Ix
citrn-ct ; hut :il^o, wlicfluT, as t lie 7V//(r.v wIkm connnintiii;.' oii
the said Lcttu" inttrs, il. wonid n^l Im- " a nm-t s.-iiuus Miiiidcr,
" and one wliicli may have laslinj^; results on mir ii lation - with tlic
" North American Colt mifs, \\ CIV I'arlianinit Id icl'iisc lo saiic<iiin
'* what nmst prove a ii'^t'l'nl and l(i;iliriialc iincstmcnt ni Mnlish
"capital — althonfjli, now that tiic hiMuls oi ('oinmncini \!ono-
" polv arc broken, tliiit is what we h;i\t' mainly to look to for
" the mainteiiance of our Colonial as* i inl iney.*'
In addition, my Lord, to the promi-( nl' s ipp nt ;;ivviiiu lsl,'<.
1 have also to remind your Lnnlsliir' tint, vie n in opposition
two years hack, you s.iid : — *• The Ihk m1' linilu.iy, wIu u eini-
" strnctoti, will, in a pecuniary point of \ie\\. pay its cost, liul
" thoujjrh it did not pay a penny for eveiy t'lno. for tiie in \t t( n
'• yciU's, still the interposition of tliis conn'ry, nidiii^' the project
" hy its credit, it' hy ni» other means, is wi rtliy of the considera-
"tionof I'arliament." ('pon lliat state sman-like position, and
upon tlu- expicss consideration that \on deemed, *' it on^ht not
"■ to be re;:ardcd in a p;MUid, .shilliiii; and pence point (»f view,"
you ailviscd and lU'^'^cd I'^arl (ii'ey to '' sU [i j'oiiciinL believ-
ing if ho did so, that the jn'o|tosed guarantee- would be met
liberally." Again, in the recent di.scns.sion, elicited by .M r
llincks' Letter, your Lordshij) remarkc<l : '' I repeat that how-
" ever much I might prefer the former scIkmic ( /. « . the schenu o)
" myself and colleagues) (d'entrustiii.:; the completion of the Kail-
'• way to a private ('()^tl'\^^, ;i--s'-l<''l lr> tiie p;cuniai;\ aid ol
" the < 'olonists themselv i - ; and by tin .ippli,.iiv r ot waste lands,
'•on each sid, ot tht F^iinc loi IIk purpo -es nf ( nloni^alion : vt t
'* I would not ha\< luslatid to ^imicIhm and lo piMpn^.' to
*' I'arlianu'nt the guarantee m( th;- lai';^e sum ask<'(l l)y Mr.
" Iiin<'ks, I t'7.()(M»,()<K)). provided that the liailroad hid etteeted
•' those; ijiiiil ii)lrnnt(hi,s wliieh Mmisti'i-; wish to b*' diii.-d
■■• t'reim its eomplelioii "'
'I'j-r !j!-<'!lt ;'(l\ Ulta::' s hen re'cllrd in ;iii' pjecisrK ;liiisr
\vlucli till- y \\
('anaiii.u ( "h.,';.
n -'
l.!:i'.
1
! ..;n.
wm
a
20
Int. to Ihr AdilrosH to llio (Jurcn <>ii flic snlijcct of the Railway
from the Now Hniiiswick House of Assnnhly in May, I «:.<>,
coiitaiiiiii}; tho:~i> ivjiiarkN : " Hcliiviii^r your Nfajtsty'M (lovrni-
" nuiit sincrro ii\ tlio dcrlaration tliat tlic Colnnirs will lu- \t-
" ffiiiud at all ha/.anls. and that tluy arc viewed as part of tin
*' streii;rtl» of the Isinpin-, it is surely a (|iiestion worthy of the
*' hest consideration of yonr Majesty's ( Jovernineiit, What ran
*' he done for the North American ('t)Ionies to prevent their <le-
" cleiisinn, to };ive them stnnirth and consistency, and therehy
*• to restore contidenc*' in tlie Imperial (Jovernment ? To this
" important cpicstion we arc prepared to answer tliat vo ornKii
" M KAMI' UK will so certainly produce the desired elleet as the
" Railway from Halifax to (^nehec ;" 'Jnd, to the ominous Pro-
clamation followin<;lhe justly re|)ellt d mission of Messrs. Ilineks
and Chaiullcr, which is referred to in the openintr jiarafrraph of
this letter; .?rd, to tlu; advices which the last Mail-steauKr has
l)r(»u^ht from New York. vi/.. "That the Mtninw ilnchhn , as it
•'is called (/. c, DKMociJA'ric somm \i,rrv throughout the
".American continent), is never spoken of in puhlic mcetinj^s
"without raisinj; a'luuult of ajiplause ;" that " the Order of
" the Lone Star formed last year in the south, now inmd)ers
'' upwards of 2't 0<)() resolute and (Hicient native Auicricans;"
that " its object is the extension of the in>titutions. the powtr,
*• the influence, and the commerce of the I'nited States over the
*• Western Hemisphere, and the iskuids of tlie Atlantic and l*a-
" ( itic (Vcans;" that " the time has \rm\v h\ when American
" statesmen. ])oliticians. or citizens will allow any harrier to he
" interposed by a Kuropeati power hetween them and their
" <rraspin<r cupidity ;" :u;d that '• tlie era of Kepuhlican propa-
" "-andism has cotne for our democratic country:"' and 1th. to
the fact that in Canada. ii< New Hriinswiek, and in the United
^>tates then' exist Hi nii it I.uitci-.s cnrollin;; upwards of
lOO.OdO ti;.ditiMir men bMidid top'thcr by oath " to attack, com-
•• bat. and destroy by all uu"ai;s that their supeiiors may think
•• proper. e\crv power or authority of Ibiyal ori|.'in on the Anie-
" vican nuitiiiciit." Tiikiiif; tlicsc (liiiifrs into coiisKlcratioii, 1
ask vol r I,i.nlslii|» wlicllitr \Uf time lias ii)t ariivi-d whrii, to
(|iiut<' thf liiii,?Uii;:c of till- Hull. (J. II. Voimj.', " the projcci sliail
•• lir hfld to .stand no loii;:;(r a lopir 1. r di hate, or nf narrow or
'• siirdid cull id ition, sccin;:; i< invoKiH (lie (•niil!..llmu: (jiii-stioii
'• of nation il all»>;i.iiici'. and i^ to sctllf llif iiii;_dil v l^^ll(• wlu'tlic-r
*• tlic in->litiiti(iii>> ami lornis oi' local <:o\( riiini iit in Nova Scotia,
" New IJinii^s\i< k.iiiul Canuda arc to conlimic .Mr)\ \ lunicv L,
" or arc to d( seen! and hccoinc rc|inl)lican. Can tlicn the ont-
" lav allcit lillicitlic sdIxt jndirniciit of In r Majstv's Ministers
" on tlic oiii liaiul, or (»l' our Ic^^'^lators and piojile on the otiicr?
" It is to SI r\i-c to tlie I'orincr so\crci;riit\- in tlie West ; tij^hlin,;;-
'• ;rioiiiid to (inl) and control an ainljilions and liaii;rlity rival ;
" a irro'N iii'.r n.itio.i nl' children as c'lstoineis: a home for surplus
" p.ipnl ition ; a in w saii<tu.ifv lor the lice institutions ol" the
'•old world: a iVc-h held lor [iractica. arts; another, and .i
'• livio'.' •illev of the laws, literature, s. iv'iiee, and discoveries
»' nith which <Mir ancestors ha\e illustrated the' past brilliant
" hi^lorv. and adoim-d the presi iit condition of Kurope ; and
•' on till' oth r. the ]):(>teerhi:i ;ind security of tin; IJritish Jla;r,
''sympathy with lliili-h inlci- -is, the u'oiions inheritance of
•• l!iiti-h live (loin — lh< ht'e and impetus nt' her iniiiiital)lc consti-
"tuiioii: a ]»referciiec in the Mritish markets ; and a friendly
'• hrothirhoud and u latiouship in al! she is yet to achieve."
M\ l.onl.at the'rriat ^;mk c and < 'ohmial Railway ( "oiiventitjii
held at (",i!;ii-. in lli. Mate ol" Miiuc, in uiiicli State st»ine few
veai'shaek llicic ex'sl' ,1 aloiic not less t han ninety-nine Nl\l'i:it
l.onci'.s ) a letter \\ii> nad tV.-m I'lcsidiait Fillmore, dated the
'J7th .lu!\, |s!-() of which a lea.linu; Nova Scotia journal re-
marked, ' 11. '/."■ ' ■ ' "■ '• "'"/''' '>NK MILLION sri;ui.is(;
'• Itnf.inls (■!'■ I<>nn"iil f^mriiiiii dill \itrtil Allll'lifilil liili!-
'• inn/.'' I M-k, mv liOivl, of how much value have the repeated
iiromises of s ippurt and coiniteiiancc ^iven hy siu'i "ssixt-
(."olonial \liiiis|e!v pr'>\:-.l to Me \:i-.| undertakin;; wliieh :t !i;is
cost nie sivtii iif l''e 'test ye.u- of a l)usy life to ad\ iii.'r to its
iPH
.).»
•A
\
pivscnt sta-,:^ Had tlu- late Sir R^htrt I'crl poMCMcd the
uill, as lu- had the powfr, in .luly lS-ir>, to ^wv to inywil' and
foINa-M(;i I he fo-opcratinn \vi- .sonfrht, thr Uailway iM-tHmi
llalir;i\and (iiichcc w.ndil to-slay— like olliirs for which «»• have
Juinul thirin-r the intirval l.")() niinic.iis (»!' capital— have l)ccn
open. The central <ily on the hanks of tlie Miriinachi, wliich,
in honour of the Konnihr of the nohle Province tit" New Scotland.
1 proptisc shouM he nanxd '-.Famkstown Uoyai.," woiild ere
now have heen the hi at of a l»;,pj>y anil ri«.in^' pipidatinn. Seven
cvenll'iil years, (hn-in.ir wliich tline has hcdi an Knii-ration lh"hl
ot one and a half iiii!!i;)n of !\( r Majesty s snhjicts int«> the hosoui
of a ri'Miltid Ktpiililir. wold not have l)een expended in pro-
fitless conitmniiealioii-. uilli tic Cdluiiial Ollici'. Three ('olonies,
fi.rniinii' the li^'hl aim ui the i'mpiic, woidd nut have had ample
JrnMnl(!^ fur c«)nsiiliiiut: tin ir wishes in the case trithd with, and
their interists nc;.'lee(eil. Jtival schenu's, whethi-r hatched hy
piralj-rs (»f ideas here, or hy foincnters of dissatisfaction in the
Colonics, uonld not have Ix . .•. Inrnishcd with opportnnitii s of
dcvelopinjx thenisilvcs. The honntil'nl tahle — 1 l,(KM).()(i(» acres
ofvirjrinsoil — spread hy i*ro\i(U'nce tor our snrphis poixdation
within ei^ht days' reach of our siioris, would not have iuen Iet\
nejrh'Ctid. Aimev.aiiMi niovenients in each ol" the l*ro\iiu'es
wojild p.ot lia\i' hccii rite. \or (\\ith twentv-two millions of
{Told in the Ihiuk ut" l-'niiland scckin;,' pr.ilitahic vent) woidd the
choi'-e ol' s(» fold a!i altcrn.itive he now presented to us as that
this I'rand I\ri.i;N.\i ION. vr. lin.iivvAV i)ctwecn her Majesty's
capitals in l''.ast<'rn and Western Hritain shall he constructed
either hy Imperial jrold — or l>ii lii /nihlirnii tlolhirs .'
Ills lati- Kxcellcncy, Sir .John Harvey, on opeiiiiii-: the l^ciris-
lativc Assemhiy of N.'va Scotia in ISI7. thus spoke of the pro-
ject SI 1 on foot hy nic : -'•• 'I'he pt-riod at, end the rirciimstaiices
" nmUr. which \. 1 iiutt, ali'oiii me the opportunity of recom-
'• nxiuliirj; to voiir conti.nird attcntii/U an nndertakim; second
" in 'ts importance to none which has i vcr cnfra;rcd the notice
" ot'uov Colo li.d Lt ;-:!slature in any portion of the Uritish ilo-
9.1
" inini<tns. I (illiiili' to tin* pn)|M»s(Ml Railway Ix'twtrii Halifax
" and HimIkc, wliifli will cMiistitiiti' tlir iiKtst iin|Mirtaiit link iit
" that f,'rnit cliaiii of roininiiiiicatimi, ulncli may lie <li'Mtinnl af
" no rcinolc period to eoiiiieet tlie Allantie with tin- IWific
" Oeean, and to coiidiiet to a I5riti>ii seaport, I'rom those into
" which it is now foreed, that vast stream of trade, not of oin-
'» western possessions alone, bnt of the rich and i xtensive wlual
" and f^rain-^rowinfr distriets of all central Ann'riea." This
hi^rh eiieoniiiim hut «rhoes the lan-,'ua^c «tf a nohle- heart now
nioniderin^ in the tond), who, in Dee. IM I, thus wrote to nie
'• Yours is a ^rand— a jrlorious project. Its influence extends
'• over a vast space both in the ohl world and in the new. It
" nuist atVect the ilestinies of hundreds of thousands of human
" l)eiu<rs, not only now, hut for ages yet to come. It is a giant
" lahom-. bringing care, anxiety and toi' ; but an ardent rniiid
" like yoms will he cheered on its onward course by the high
" feeling which the coi.-ciousness of a great duty p.rfornud, and
" the l)right gleam of hope that ultimate success will crown your
" indomitable ctl'orts cannot fail to bring." Tliroiigh good re-
port and bad-mnidst delayed expectation^^, and pronnscs of aid
yet to be tullillc.l, 1 have borne forward the banner of that
Cm s,\i>r. ()!• I'kack which I hope witliin the next seven years
lo see erected c; ihne nascent cities and t«»wns which will mark
every foutstep of tli.it iiii-lity route of coiiuuerce by which
Hritaiii. e\e:- walking westwartl throu-b (huuiiiions peopled with
her l)lo(.d. will reach the fotlu-t Ka-t. And I now claim at
vour !.ord>hip's he.ihb. as of oni- who directs the comiciK of an
"upright and monarchical natinii, that You will -iv I.. iny«.'lf
and th.'-e co-opeialin-; \\;ih me that aid to carry out Ix'tw.cn
tlie Atlantic an.! the Taeilie the Vast Wokk wlii<h oeeopies
us, which shall not ohIn nin.e.e from Hritain the stain tint -he is
sowing the Iv.rth with ■ > :>f/i-j sri'i;' but also enable us to < orii-
niaiul a ble^-i^g I' r I'osterity through all future ticu-^.
'• h'weli\( in an age of poiiliial ap;:lhv and religions (li>.
" cord,"* sav^ a hading organ of popular opinion. " it mo-t be
ipp
!
It
J
" adnntt.ul that at no time si.uv tlu- (.omincncoinn.t of the
" "orl.l has private cntrrprisr .Inivcd so .n.uli assistance fn.n,
" «''=• pnncplrs of uni.»n aiul assonaliou." Wl.iht a fact so
nvhtahlc to the t.u.rj,^v and int..llij:,.ncT of Kn^-Iand, ushers in
a«« aitidr (Innan.lins Uu' pvatcst attention of l»a.li,unent a
•series ol eo.nnients on the triekery and abuses that exist alike
"•tlU' makn.j; and n, the n.anafrement of i»uhhe Companies
leads t<. the ol.M.rvation that - it is time that sonuthin-r shouhl
" ''^■<l""<t<»anesl this tide urn.m.pt,un,ai,.I to pn.v that if
'• ^^e he a nation of shupk.v,u ,s. v.,- a.r not also a j-ropl,. of
'• swindlers." I,, a -ivaf .■onniH.rial natio,,. ;,A,„s a.v |„.rsoi,al
pioprrtirs as nuul, a. aiv .sjups, or t^pcs or h.oins, ,„• plo.i.H.s
If this !„■ tnu-ai:.l u ho uill i.npn^n .1 =-1 have a ri.ht tu sav
lor n.ysrif and (h..s,. ..o ..ju r.ili,,;, ^^„h .or. that I d'id not n,
January isi;,, I,,,,,,,), ,„, ,.„,„.,,,,| i,,„ „|,,,,, ,,^^. ^^ .^ „|- ,,„i,|i,.
opinion, eoionuiuv steps to .hmIo a j:u.i( .t.uk CoMeANv lo
reah/f thr sa iir.opm n.-u.ialioiis ui;!, .^ilni-t.i-s al 11. ui..' and
'" "'*' ^'"!"'i^^ I'-i- <■..<., .■r..'i,.u in t!,,- ir.alt.r, and ,ail int..
'""""" "''t iu:ui,i„,.y :.y uhi.'h-a pn;ic<t !..aU,!at its ti.s)
" pn.nnd-alion a. ^, AA and nnpi.u^ii.a!)!. , has a.<|uin<l a pra<--
" tieal shap., and will vwA, Ju all hl-rl'iuid. and hrloiv Ion..-,
•• i\ A M \(i\ii i(K\r i;:- Ai.irs." tint alUr the Ih-..I and
thron- of a eoMl.st anpioa.liin;.- ali.u-! in i^ ,hnati..u the
length of the 'rrojan var, Mr llinrk- Mr. ( 'handler, ..r anv
oiu' ilsr, siiould sicp IkIw,., II I!!.' and my ((.pvhold posili,,n
ni the eonecrn. Inlrss ;,|\ |,o,d, thr jiiMnnM' made to inc in
.Inly |si:,, l,y sour i.nnl.Mp ,,s ('..Innial Mimsicr, i-, t,. !),•
held nn more hindiuir tlian a di,. r"> ...itli, /',,it. />i:',ir:-r Is now
lo Ih' made u'lmd to my>-eh .md .•oll(a:;-ii. -.. \\',. ha'.c not mono-
po!i/.cd, nor do \\r |iiom n,' to moiioi.i'i/c. (he ruld of entcrpri- 1-
on the Mrilish Xoitli AiuriiMi (ontinent; luit lia\ nii;- drv imiI
apian wliieli wdl Iii:iJ lli" iiifan' I'onimiinitics tliiif to the
Urilisli 'rinMiic l)v ]]\<<i.- .nlioiii'- i)o;i;U than e\en that of an
u-on-rad\\a_\ -iliain. wc kUi not i;i« ..n llial such plan sjiall he
L.ilvi n out ol onr li tod^ rilar !i\ i!i |i ijai imi-' hom si ll-siu kni".
25
parties in tlu'l'olonics, or by *' syinpatliisinjf" roinpetltors in tlio
United States, Canada will reincniljcr that the spokesman, in
behalf of" the (Jrand Fall's line recentiv in I'inirland, in his other
eapaeity oC Inspeetor-Cieneral, obtained iVom tlie Ilonsc of
.\ssend)ly even so late as |S,')(), an A<t In antliorisc the sale (»;"
the pnblic mads const rneted by the (iovi rnuH nt nt llu |iri)\iM( c,
beeanse thev bail become an " inlolcialjle bnrdeii," ha\iiiLr eost,
nearl\ ct nl J)it cent more than siniil.n" roaiK made byConi-
panies ; and she will still, I dnnbt not, liniMjinaljK rt'S|Mind to
t!ic aiisw, r ;:i\tii in ('oinieil to my M( innii.il by that Mnciatcd
sri\ant ol tli( Crouii, the late I.ord Metiall'c , \ i/.. " \i)[[ may
" /■ /// npiin tin ( aiiailian ( io\ei luiu nt I'lr u hat( \ < r enfii !.<■ i ion
" and AMI .t i:iay lir c msislci.t to rriidi r in tl.i- ca-c.""
And, niy L^rd, < \( n at the lia/anl i t' Ik in:.'- d. riucij iiii|i<irl<i-
ii.iti' o\ir iinicl., Ii t me a;.'.iiii r(|i<'.it tliit the v-mU l"ni- which I
a--k ( »o\ ciiiniciit aid ami iii(( r|ii,-^ii mn, i(n"-Iit \n he n ",o(li d ,i,
|iiiiiiaiilv, as csMiil i;ili_\ , :i-i t \chi-i\i ly a i?n i . is!i WoKK.aiid
odl a Colony oitc. The -uil over which the laii • will pas> I'lum
llalil'a\ to ll;c ( hciion coast, i> IbiMdi ■>iiil. 'I'hc pii|inlaliiin
that is to s|ircad our laii'jtiai^c, our rclii'lnii, our iiislilulii.i.^,
nnr hninanity om r l)iis\ cnilns of ci\ ili/atinn which will ( m'
loo;^' hcconic part and pan ^ 1 ulthis Monr K ok \.\iio.ns.
whose cxidcnt mi--sion it is to euloiii/.c the \acant portions of
the ;rli(l)c. arc imw i ducat mil' in oiir iii(hi--i ri.il scImoIs, bcj:;i-iiiL:;
iii our streets, l.iM' ii>|iiii;j,' ill (iiir /adl-, and ip\ . reroAdin:^' our
poor h Ills, s. 'I'iic _■• iltl that i> 1) Ik an a .■(lit i'.ir the dehxer-
.ciec iii I h.i>:- amis umii i in.u-iii.ls I'imiii a thiMlJ.;a to want
v\iir>e than {'.:.:{ ,.|' I'I^-n j,t laii b POil.,'j,-e, is in the \anlts, and
nils ai.d co'ii i> of i!i,it "Mart i.i' Nations," w Ik re Ma.ii-
imuiisMi. siti.iii eiis'ii iiu',1 iij) CI ui .le) -Iia-s tilled with the
ah lia(led s'.M ; t and sine,-,.s ct' s,)el>ly, lonh-, complacently
uowu up>i;i !l(i.aa:iity des,.I,it luiis sadder than tlnr-c of the
iiairtar a'ml stdiie which Mai in-, w ith niia\ ailinir compunction,
h...k«'d uiiKii m1' uM ! M\ Lend /„ ,i,'l liitrir il. The !j;olden
•i|'P'e- ol I'le Mau'lii sier-Mliool il\-|teiHhs, will \cl pro\c
«pp
2«
nslu'S in the national mouth. Potato crop murrain, an Irish
cxochis, and pold (lifrgiMfr si)oiIs, may (lisjjuisc the fact, l)ut
mviithtU'ss our IIomk ("ondiiion Hystcm is rotten at the
core, and unle«"* all our otheial statistics lie, there has been and
there is under three years of Comniereial Irrestriction a larj;e
addition of j)auj»erism, a vast midtipliertiivn of crime, a re-
markable diminution of Savinp; l^ank deposits, an alannin«:;Iy
abrid<red cultivation of grain, and an overwhelming increase of
emigration, over and beyond what these uinnistakable guages
of the popular well-being indicated under the last three years
of expiring Protected Trade.
Recurring then, my Lord, to the splendid eulogism pro-
nounced upon tlie project set on foot by me in the Nova Scotia
House of Asscmblv, bv the late lamented Lieut.-Ciovenior Sir
John Harvey; I now venture earnestly to press my hope that
on the assembling of the new Imperial Parliament your Lord-
ship will feel it to be your l)ouuden duty, "taking the time at,
and the circumstances under which" you will meet into ac-
count, to recommend to the consideration and support of both
Lords and C<mnnons a Hill to incorporate the Com cany
which has been devised by myself and colleagues to realize
the unilertaking of constructing a 'i'runk Railway from
Halifax to Quebec, v itli power to extend the same pro-
irressivelv westward, and sy-^lematieally plant the vacant
territory on the Line, upon the ground tbnt the Pkojkct
is one "second in Us im])ortance" to iionr that has ever claimed
ll:e attention of any Legislature on the face of the globe. And
why 80' Because, as an Liteniational Highway it will bring
Ireland, late in social life, within the phase of the commercial
orbit. Recaiise as a Frontier means of defence against Ibpub-
lican tendencies aiul aggression in the Western Hcmispiicre, the
riirht construction of this llAii.iio.vn will ])rove a more endunng
:u\(l impregnable rampart than was that in times of old of the
.'reat Chinese Wall, because, as a Comnu iria!-ne\us. it wdl
bind up indissolubly. in i)ne mighty integral monakcuical
27
RTATK the scattered component parts of maritime Britain on
both sides of the Atlantic. IV eanse, as a Coloiiisatinn-lcv* r, it
may he so wicliled, on the hn a.iest i)latinrin of the N.w world,
us to niise np to comfort and iniU^pendence the niilhoi. niassts
of (IcHtitnte I'oor. whose condition alike weighs down and dis-
lumonrs the Old. Because, as a Panper-farnun-!; «xpedient, it
may l)e wo prosecuted as not only to write ' Dchnda est iHopin"
iipon the door-posts of every \V<jrkho\isc in the land, but to
cvude cireuniHtances militant at-aiust order, a^^'ainst uidu^try,
a^'aiiist morality, such as silently l)ut ecrtaiidy are eireetiujj; thtit.
witliiu the houiuls of the Hrilish islands, which Kurope, armed
and at o»ir ga es, would fail to aecompliMi. And finally, l)ecause,
1)V {riving free scope to the expansive ener«^ies of a liace yet
destined by Providence so to obey the divine conniiaudineiit
" He fruitful and nndtiply— replenish tlw; earth and sidulue it,"
as to n\ake ol)edie:'<e to the injuuetiou a blessinjr instead of a
curse, it will pr-.e the liimdMiaiden to, and the harbinger of, that
eomiu" rei-n nf (iondwll! and IVacc, which is to exalt the
closing generations of Man in this transition stage between Tune
and ICtcrnity, \\\\\v\\ it is less o<u- doom than our destiny to
overpays.
Iucunehi>i(in then, my Lord, with this review bitbre you of the
rise, priiLTie-s, ;imi present slate of a ruo.ii-.cr wliieh far exceeds
ill magnitude and giiiiulein- lliat iiiidti taking wliieli, before the
age of Steain-powr, was ebaiiieteri/ed by an American dip!o
inatist as " not only I lie inigiitiest event in favour of the iiea-'c-
" fill inlcreoui^e ol' naliuns which the physical circuinslancc-^
" of llie globe |He^ent to tlu' enterprise ot" man;" — but as one
" eoneeiiiing uliieli 'honld I'.urope be inditlerent , it would be
'• gliir\ Mil pu'-'inu the coiKiuesl ot kingdoms to maki' entirely
"(hiii ii\>n," wiih piMinise-> tit' coiintenaiu'e and Mi|)|)orl Iroin
three <;■ ■cc->i\e t'til iiii.il Ministers, echoeil !)y simil.ir proiiii--e-~
from eacli aiul .ill llcr M.iji six's rcpnseiitatives in the liiiti>li
North Aniencaii rio\iiice> since 1 >1.') ; with three Tacility Ad-*
passul by the JAgi-l.iliw A>>cinblijs of Canada. \i \» Ibiins-
wmm
2><
^H'k, unci Nova Scotia, sprcially in favour of this my scheme;
with Ads by the two foniier I'lovinecs, iiieorporatiii-r a Company
iiuu fused into the one ..ri-inated hy n.ysehand associates seven
years hiiek.— w liieh onk alone, as an Imperial, or British and
Colonial, association of mind and means, is tui.; Comi-aw
wliieh h.is Iciiitiniate -zronnds for askin;,' and reeeivin;: the
Treasury {.ruaranlee sonjrlit, aid the (;t)vennnent co-operation
re([nired; with the Mank of l.n-iand l)mstin«; with a lar^r,.,-
aecomnlatii.n of n;uld than her vaults has . ver c(Uitaincd, since
a countryman of mine, horn within si^ht ot n)v native home,
lirst laid her foundations; with Kmi^^ration statistics before us
pn.vini: that last yiar, out of .5,5.> -JCC persons whc left the
United KiuL-doni, JC;,.}.",; went to the Cuited States, with aljove
all, a sittleil expectation in the Tuhlic uiiud, thai at len^4h (|Ues-
tions coniHcted with fi.ksu am» ni.oon AMKi.tJ.MiATioN shall
no lonj^er he postponed lor niere (pustions of social and economic
reforms: -I ficl s.itislicd that yoiu' Lonlship will neither helie
the liop.s unixcrsallv eiitcrtaimd that vou will nut a crow nino-
liaii<I to oia- !;il)()urs in this cause, nor yet incur the fearful
responsibility which a KJectioii ot'oin* overtures would ine\ital)lv
entail. I have written in vain, my Lord, if this matter shall
appear to you. or any servant of llrr Majesty, simply one of
Uailwav .MAK'\(i. It has years a<ro hren observed tliat •* a
" great Statesman lomj en- tliis would have planned, incnurnged,
" adorned, and enuobh'd lauiirratiou " Our Flajj; fir KlOO vears
has ruled the wave, yet Coi-omzation is but a word, an
expression, to be found within tlu' leaves of our dictionaries. As
a * urrcat l;u t,' as a liviuir reality, it has no existence in any portion
of that world-wiih' liritaiu upon which an I''.vk mori- scan liin^i;
than that of Day never closis. " .Amid the spoil.** of' every cliinc.'''
says a native writi-r, "Britain nowlicrc sees the likeness ol lu i-
" self A triK- child ot' tlu' majestic mother is now In re to be
" Ibund. We have stocked plantations with slaves; wchaxe
" occupied rocks with soldiers ; ami peo|)lid solitudes with criiae.
.• We have increased the nominal rentr>ill ol" the KmimiiI'; bv
39
" almnst ivf ry rnmi>lianro, and iit any cxpciicc. Y<'t thf l'",ii;,'lisli-
" man wlio once embarks from these shores will never a;^'ain set?
" happy I'Ji^^lai.d until he n^tunis." On the same theme ol)serves
a foreign connnentator, " YtMi have made a choice (hametrieally
" opj)osite to that of Solomon. lie eiiKse mind, — wisdom. You
" have chosen the world. Ihit do you hold itV Tiik Hiunsii
" I.MIMIIK IS ISDKKI) A tJUANI) WOULD ! Hut wliat is au
" I'anpire? A /inrinoni/ of Atitioiis. ^'ou have, I know well,
"• your Iriplicily of powers — Agricidt\nal, Industrial, and Naval.
'• 'riu;se are certainly very powerful means. And yet how docs
" it happen that having tluin, you hav succeeded so little in
" lakiiw root? I see vou crrri/ir/icic on the surface of the
" globe, but tirndy rooted now iiKriK. The reason is, that you
*' have been everywhere gathering and sucking the substance of
*' the earth, but implanting nothing, no sympathy-no thought !
" ilavinir brought no moral ideas with you, you have founded
" nowhere". Ibit of all the Knglish coimfries, the oni' that has
" sutUred the mi>st by such a policy is assuredly Kngi.a.nd
" herself. Here the Haida-rs will lauLdi, ami so will the Lords
" pirha|)s, and with them a few hundred thousaml men— the
" Vampires of l-aiglaiul. Yes! but thirty millions of men aic
" weeping, and these men are l'a)gland herself." The time, my
I .ord. has now uiupiestionably (-ome, and let us trust, in yoiuvself,
" the Man," when the sin and shame of I'migration neglect
and ("oloiii/ation neg'cet, iimst be '"put down;" and when the
intellectuality, th-' loyalty, and the Christianity of the nation
niKst be amused in especial to the woik of " Bridging the
'• .\tl:intit'," and accompli^-hing tor posterity an U.mon grander
and more gltirinus fiu' than that of which the Tweed forms the
heart-stream. With an {•".xodiis fi'oui our shoies now exceeding
a (|uart<r million of souls vearlv, let us at Icni^'tli recoLrni/.e
it to 111- a supreme missit)n of the British Kace to enale
genuine relieves ot" our connnunities — not I"r;iiiken->teiii -cin-
blanees of tluin. L( t us henc(lbrth eschew that suieidiil ■^_\s-
tem of inattention to farming our I'auperism, and cultivatnig
wmm
30
our ouUviu<> wastes, which must ovcntually tcnninatr iu thcsr
issufs— Colony miss— Impkuiai. HKHTHrrnoN. Abuvt- all,
«ny Li)i(l, let us tal«.' care how we fuitluT proi-ccd " to \i\y the
" i'oumlations of now States iu the scjualor of uuredirui.d
" niis.rv." How we p) ou t.) tolerate their " growiug up ami.l the
'• brutality ot'uuttitoredharharisui." Mow we "sauetiou aiul allow
" their l)eiu<r eoustrrated by the execrations of the ni.)st reekh ss
" blasphemy." If so we eoutiuue to a(!t, the certain result will
be, that " instead ofa IIumam Polity, scattered over (.ur vast
" Maritiuu' Alouarehy, we shall have n J\n,dvmoi>iii,ii !" Let
us then iu the lauguix^'c of one of the mij^htiesl »lisseiuiuat(u-s of
thought that has ever stimulated uuui to attend to man's voca-
tions as to time, let us, I say — "Avoid this moustnms crime — this
** uneciualled sin. Let us do all we can— let the tioverument
'" do all it can — to eradicate, soften, and improve the hearts and
*' inti'llects of the Lower Classes at Home. Hut do not let us
" incur the guilt, the shanu-, tlu- penally of launching tluin
" uneducated, unri{)cned, uni)repare 1, and uncontrolled into a
♦♦ new world of innocence anil promise. Let us bew:.ri! of
" convcrtiu'r; that whiih mi^^ht become a (jukap I^mimkk into
" a hideous democracy.''
I have the honour to remain,
My liord,
Your \\w<\ obtdicnt, hundile >-ervaut,
IC inUXN, \\\nr.
S.-pt.nilMT ■_'. IS".-.'
" All the ^'iiiidv cfllorfscnirc of nu aliliiriit :iii.l hi-li .\ii>l.i(r;u_\
is lint lliisci find vniiity wlicii cdTiii);!!'! d in iv>|m'c1 dI' iiiipnrlaiii''
\mI1i tlir ,snl)s(;intliil wcllliciii^ (,r tlhisi tiidii^-aiids and iniliiniis wIm.
ovrr^prcad llic LCi'i'iiiid linnr nf (.iir sii<ial and juijiiical cdiii.r. 'I'd
clfNalc tills InwcHt |.laltnnii of lliiinaiiifN— llic |ilatfnriii mC 1 1 uiidilr
l.ir.'-is tli(> Im'sI ,il)jict .III tliis Hidr of Dcatli t..\\liii-li j'alridf ..r
l'liil!iii(liroj)ist can nmsciTal.' flair ialinm-s."
('ii.\i,Mi;i(s.
" Tlicrc is not a latluM- liy wl.ns.- sid.' in Ins daily ..r ni-lilK
walks thrs.. nvati.ivs (llir iMrloni dcs.dair ymm-) |ia>s '■ Wurr is ii,",(
fi Mother aiiinni,' all tlic ranks ..f I.n ini. mntlirrs in this land; th.'iv
IS iin ()nr risen fnnn 1h.- stat.> nf childhnnd, hnl shall he resj.nnsihl,.
in lii.H (,r luT .h'trree f,,r tins cnonnity. Thciv is imt a cnnntry
throii-h.Mit th(> Kautii ..n whi.^l, ii \^nllld not lirin;,- a .nrsr. 'I'l,,.,',-
is MO K'.di-inn npni, ..arth that it unnld not dm; ; tinn. is ii„ ,,r,,|,l,.
ni'<in earth il, wenhi ikiI pnt to shame."
Dk.ki.vs.