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 Photograpnic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 33 WEST MAIN STREfT 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. MSBO 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
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HL..;t I. 
 
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 W-KK IN Califu!;;ja- Almond Tree Treatcd ron Leaf-blight. 
 
 
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WARXING 
 
 A pcrmin who wilfullr or malicinunly oiitn, lonra, 
 ilpfnces, (lisfigurei or destroys a book, map, chart or 
 pirturi. ileposited in a Public Library, Gallery, or Mu- 
 nuuni, ia punishable by a line or impriao;imont for n 
 ti'rm not excpo.ling two month:). 
 
 —Criminal Code, Si'ptiou 539. 
 
 
 ^5775 
 
 KO 
 
 Mil- |;iM 
 
TIIK 
 
 llortlj Imrrican ^^nlba; 
 
 (IK, A DKXrKIPTInN (iF TIU. 
 
 FOREST TREES 
 
 UNITED STATKSj CANADA, AND NOVA S(()TIA, 
 
 MIT KKHIKIIIKI" l\ TIIK WnJiK n» 
 
 r. ANDI'vKAV MIC II ATX. 
 
 <Mt filMUMMi AI.1. Tim 
 
 FOKKST TKKKS I)ISi(i\ KUKU IN TllK lUJfKY MolNT.M.NS, TIIK TKUUITnin iiK 
 
 OKKtltlN, L)i)\V.V TO Till-: SIMlKKS or Till-; I'ACinc, AM) INTO TIIK 
 
 CONKINKS OK CM.II-OIINIA, AS WKI.I. \S IN VAKIOIS 
 
 I'AIITS OK TIIK rXlTKIi STATUS. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BY laiCOLOBED PLATE 8. 
 
 THOMAS MTTALL. F.LS. 
 
 miltliEn UF niK AMKKICA?! I-HIUWU-HI. ,W. ^.., iht. and of the AiAHtXl 0/ >.m»AL MTIOCM 
 OF »*II|LA[)ktrHIA, KTC. ETC. KTC. 
 
 TIIRKK VOMMKS IN TWO, 
 VOL. I. 
 
 UKINO TIIK KOI Itril VOI.IMK (IK MICIIArX AND NITTAM/a 
 .NdKTII AMKUICAN .SYI.VA. 
 
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 Kcitrml lu-crlliii! lo Act of Oingnia, In Iho v.nr IW,. l.y 
 HUB. KCTTKR * CO., 
 
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 A~ \ MI.MIATii cif 111.- ATTMIIMKNT Tci, AM) I.IIIKIIM. KM 111 llMiKMKM iiK N.MIKAI. 
 WIK.NCK.-' IN .Minril AMKIlllA; 
 
 
 
 
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 MiKI.LR "I nil. AMt.l.Ii VI l'Jllli-"CII.. 41 Mxtlt^. i ■ .Kllt--l'"M'r^'<T uT TI'C l>3TmTi: 
 or llSi.tif, ITr. |,It'., 
 
 Wtl'Si: \AMK I* lUKNTrUKI' WITH TIU: insT<iUV WU niPnilTANrK UK TUK IT.tilH ni"NS 
 OV TIIK NUUiH AMKHICAN lXt|;»i.-T, 
 
 iriji.5 (ii'ioiii 
 
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 IS >|n.«T IIK.-I'KI rn l.l.V lif.llICATKIl MV 
 
 Till; ArTiioK nr this .<ri'i'i,i;M i:nt. 
 
 05775 
 
PUJIFACK. 
 
 'I'm; l''Miii:sr 'I'hkcs nc Amiiuiia lninj; ,i miIijitI i«l' ■•iuli jjifui, 
 I'xiiiil mill iiii|iiiri.iiiri', I I'l'll. ••ciii(<ci|Ur'ifly, wiy 'lilliilfiit ol' mnliT- 
 tiikiiii; llii'ir .-Imlv, iil'tiT wiiiil lui- Iitm ulicaily ilniic i«> wi'll liv my 
 |iriilc(csmir, M. MiiiiAi X. N'ct, ill otrcriii-r u in'W cililinii ol' tin: 
 A.MriurAN Syi.va in Kiitrli"!!, it iil'l'<'!ii<'il ri'<|ui>it(', in koi'|iiiij( puru 
 witli iIk: |ii(iL.'rrHS (if ilisiiivi'i'v. liiiil nil til'' liifisl trri's of tlio (.'x- 
 tcmli'd il(pniiiii"n (if tlio Tnili'il Staler hlhiiijil, in idiiic way or 
 iitlii'i', Ik' inciiiili'il ill till* pi'i'-icnt iiiililication ; uml. I (oiil'i's^i, tlii! 
 )uaL'nitiiili> of tin' ta^k ii|i|icaricl, at lirnt, Hiiflicioiitly ii|i|iaHin;f, 
 when wu rt'lli'i't un tlio vast ti'rritory now fiaiiiifcl I'v the I'liitfil 
 Slatt'<. r«'L(iiiniin; witli tin' arctii: liniilH of ail arlMiri'sicnt vciro- 
 talioii, ill tlic wiJilM of I'anaila, wliidi wi! caiiiiot witli |ini|irii'ly 
 (•xi-iiicli, foiiiMMi,' ii> it tlocs llic lioival Ipiiundni'y of ihi' Nuilli Aiik'- 
 liiiiii forcMt, \vi! then follow tlio cxti'inlcil sIkuch ol' ilu- Aihiniii , 
 until, towanl the vxtri'niity of Ka>t Kloridn, ami it-. ki\s nr 
 islands, wu liavi' allaiiiud tliu wry conlini'H ol llu,' li(i|iiial liidc, 
 and niaki! ii m'lir a|>|ii'oarli to tlif ishiiHl of C'iil<a and the Maliu- 
 mas. Tiii'nini; westward, wo jmss owr tlm wide foiesl-s of tlu' 
 Mi>sissi|i|ii, |iiirsui! the Western streams, throiii;li vast woodless 
 jiiains, nniil we attain tiie loiij^ tresis of the Koeky .N'oiinlains 
 or Northern Andes. Here, in these iiliiine re>,'ions, \w meet with 
 11 total ehanire in the features of the forest: rosiniferoiis everffreeiis, 
 of the family of the I'ines, now iiredominalc-, and attain the niont 
 jciiCanlic diiiieiisiunn. All the spucicH (and they are numerous) iiave 
 lieciiliar traits, and foini no many eiirioiis and distiiiet s|ieeie.u, of 
 which litllc IS yet known more than their holanieal desiirnation. 
 Other rc'inarkahle forest trees, also iinperfoetly known, inhahit this 
 ;:riat ranjre of inoiinlains, which eoiitinues uninterriilittdly into the 
 interior of Mexico in its southern course; while on the north, follow- 
 iujf the sources of fhe Missouri and the Orcfron, and after thus dividiiiij 
 the waters whi<li How into the Atlantic anil I'acilic, it is at leiii^tK 
 
« r 11 E F A C E. 
 
 iii('i'i;t'(l ill tlic "Sliiiiiiig Mimiitaiiis," wirK-li soml oil" their distiwil 
 triliiitiU'ii's to till! Arctif (Iciaii. 
 
 The plains of tlio UppcT I'lattt', those of the Oirgoii anil ot'North- 
 t'l'ii California, a region bereft of snninier raiii.s, foniiing extensive 
 tiarren Htejijies, like those of tiiheria, present no forests, seari;e!y 
 an alluvial belt along the larger streams of suflieient niagnituilc to 
 atl'ord even fuel for the eiuiip-tire of the wandering hunter or the 
 erratie savage. The scanty drit'twood borne down from the moun- 
 tains, the low bitter bushi's of the arid plain, even tlii' dry ordure 
 of the bison, is eollected for fuel, and barely sufliees to prepare a, 
 hasty Tneal for the passing traveller, who, urged by hunger and 
 thirst, hurries over the desert, a region doomed to desolation, and, 
 amid privations the most appalling, lives in the hope of again see- 
 ing forests and green fields in lieu of arid plains and bitter weeds, 
 whieh tantalized our famished animals with the fallaeioiis appear- 
 ance of food, like the east-away mariner raging with thirst, though 
 surrounded with water as fatal to the longing ajipetite as poison. 
 
 Toward the slion^s of the Pacific, and ou the banks of the Oregon, 
 wc ajiain meet with •''■■ as,'roeable features of the forest: — 
 
 " M;tjt'-tic woO'l!*, of every vigorous green, 
 StM^e nljovc stage, high waving o'er the bills, 
 Or to tho far horizon wide diffused, 
 A binuiillcs?, deep immensity of shidc." 
 
 Tiaiisjiorted in idea to tho border of the Ilu'lson or the J Dela- 
 ware, we recline beneath the shade of venerable Oaks and siircadiiig 
 Maples ; wc see, as it were, fringing the streams, the familiar ('ottoii- 
 wood and Bprcading Willows. On tho higher jilains, and ascending 
 the hills and niountnins to their summits, wo see a dark forest of 
 lofty Pines ; we hear the light breeze sigh and mnrmnr through 
 their branches as it did to the jxiets of old. I?ut the botanist, in 
 ail this array, fails to recognise one solitary acquaintance of his 
 former scenes: he is emiihatically in a strange land; a new crea- 
 tion, even of forest trees, is spread around him, and the tall Andes 
 and wide deserts rise as a barrier betwixt him and his distant homo. 
 
 My indulgent reader will then excise mo, if I, on this ocoasiop, 
 ajipear liefore him only as a botanist ; culling those objects which 
 have given him so much delight, he wishes to present them to tho 
 
''!''''! A 
 
 r 11 E V A C E. 
 
 ciinons jMililif, alive to tlio Ijeuutios and syinmctry of natiufV woiks. 
 ^\■llut(■VL'l■ is yot known of their uses anil liistory is also i,nven ; ami, 
 ihiit tlio ta>k inij;lit lie more eoniiiletc, wo have ranihleil a little be- 
 yond, rather than fallen short of, the exact liiuits of the Ueinihlie. 
 We ha\e thus added, as our friends Toiuu:v and (iuAY have doi:e, in 
 their treneral Flora, a collection of the trees of Upper California, 
 extending our ramble iis far as the vieinity of t^anta JJarbara, 
 in about the ;i4tli dcj;roo of north latitude. "We here met with 
 several Oaks, Pines, a I'lane Tree, a Horse-chestnut, and a Box Elder, 
 which have not yet been found within the limits of the Territory of 
 O re 1,^0 n. 
 
 While the work was in progress, Professor ToiiUKV infornie<l me 
 of the arrival of a largo collection of dried plants from Key West, in 
 East Florida, made by Doctor Blohsett, of the United States army. 
 All the trees in this herbarium — at least forty species — were in the 
 most generous manner given up to me for publiealion by the jiro- 
 fessor. Must of them form distinguishing features in the tropical 
 landscape of the West India Islands. Amcng them were the Ma- 
 hogany, Siiivii-tilni, the (iiiaiacum or J/ignuni-A'ita', the poisonous 
 Manchineel, several trees of the family of the Myrtles, {l\n;iiiil'i,) 
 three or four species of Fig Trees, the Calabash, and Papaw or Me- 
 lon Tree, the Mangrove, two species of Cordia, the West Imlia IJircli, 
 (P>iirs,ra i/'iiiiiiufirii,) and many other arborescent plants which art; 
 n<i\v lV)r the lirst time added to the Flora of the United Statis, and 
 thus in a measure resolving the problem of the geographical limits 
 of the Caribbean Flora. The island of Key AVest lies about eighty- 
 five miles from East Florida, and is the same distance from Cuba. 
 It is abiiut nini' miles long and three broad, containing a popula- 
 tion of about four hun<lred pcojilo, chietly engaged as wreckers. 
 
 Besides the trees we have noticed, I have been recently informed 
 of the existence of thickets of Cdfiiiscs on the island, one of wliirli. 
 with an erect, cylindric, and divided stem, attains the height of thirty 
 or more feet. 
 
 In the islands of the I'^verglades, considerably inland in East Flo- 
 rida, we have been informed that a Palm about ninety feet high, 
 forming a magnilicent tree, has been seen ; but of this plant we have 
 been unable to obtain, as yi>t, any further account. 
 
 The haste with which I have iiccn oliligcd lo pr-.icccd with the 
 
8 
 
 P 11 K V A C E. 
 
 piililiciition lias jn'fvontcil inu from rccciviii!; miicli ailvaiitiiifo from 
 cdiTusiioiidoiits. Such lis liiivc lionorod me with llicii' rcmiiiks aro 
 iiu'iitioiicd undor tlio apimipriati! articles as tlicy occur in tlio work ; 
 iiml I take tliis oiiiiortiiiiity of tendering tlicni my sincere thanks 
 for ail such assistani'o. 
 
 As fast as new materials may ho discovered, we intend to pive 
 tlieni to the world in tlie form of a HupjilenK'Ht ; and we shall tlicn 
 also liave <in additional oiijiortunity for correcting any errors which 
 may have occurred cither in reganl to information or in the pro- 
 gress of printing, as well us of making sucli additions as a moro 
 tliorongli cxamiinition of the suliject may suggest, particularly the 
 characters of tlie ditl'ercnt kinds of wood indigenous to the most 
 extended limits of the Hepuhlic. 
 
 Tliirty-four years ago, I left I'^ngland to explore the natural liis- 
 tory of the fnited States. In the ship Ifalcyon I arriveil at tlie 
 shores of the Xcw "World; and, after a lioistcrons and dangerous 
 jiassage, our dismasted vessel entered the Capes of the Delaware in 
 the month of April. The heautiful robing of forest scenery, now 
 bursting into vernal lite, was exchanged for the monotony of the 
 dreary ocean, an( the sad sickness of the sea. As wo sailed up the 
 l)claware, my eyes were riveted on the landscape with intense a<l- 
 iiiiratiou. All was new; and life, like that season, was then full 
 of hope and enthusiasm. The forests, apparently unbroken in 
 their iirimeval solitude and repose, spread thcTuselves on either 
 hand as wo passed placidly along. The extending vista of dark 
 I'ines gave an air of deep sadness to the wilderness: — 
 
 " ThcMC Idiiply regions, wliorc, rotiretl 
 Krnm litllo scenes of i\rt, prcat Niituic ilwcll" 
 In Hwrnl srilituile, nnil niuiKht is seen 
 but the wiM lierJa tbit own no niastcr'a stall. " 
 
 The deer lirought to ha^-, or plunging into the llooil from the ]iur- 
 suit of the Indian armed with bow and arrow, alone seemed want- 
 ing to realize the savage landscape as it appeared to the first settlers 
 of the country. 
 
 {Scenes like iliese have little attraction for ordinary lite. But to 
 
But t(i 
 
 1' R E F A C K. !' 
 
 thu ii;itiir:ilist it is Imp dthonvisr ; i>nviitions to liiiii arc clicaiily ]iiir- 
 cliascd it' lie may but roam (iscr tlie wild (louiaiii of i.i'iniuval lui- 
 ttire, and lit'liold 
 
 " Ani'lhi'i' Flora there, of bottler hues 
 Anil riohcr swecl", lieymiil our gunlen's iiri'lo." 
 
 Ifow often liave I realized the poet'n buoyant liopes aniid these 
 solitary rambles thron,i?h interminable forests! For thousands of 
 miles niv eliief eonverso iian been in tiio wilderness with the spou- 
 taueous jiroduetions of nature; and the study of th<'se objeets and 
 tln'ir eontemiilalion has been to me a source of constant delii^ht. 
 
 'Phis fervid curiosity led mo to the banks of the Ohio, throU';' 
 the dark forests and brakes of tlu' Mississiiipi, to the distant lakes 
 of the northern frontier; throu,i,di the wilds of Florida; far \\\> the 
 lii'd Uiver tuid the Missouri, and throu,i;;h the territory of Arkansas; 
 at last over the 
 
 *' Vast s;ivinitm-. wlii've the W'tiiii'Ting eve, 
 l.'iifix'il, is ill II vei'hiiit 'icejiti lust ;" 
 
 And MOW across the arid plains of the Far West, beyond the stc]iii.>s 
 of the Uocky Mountains, down the Ore^'on to the extended shores 
 of the Paeiiic, across tlie distiint oeeaii to that famous .u'loup, the 
 Sandwieh Islands, where Cook tit leui^th fell ii sacrifice to his tcnuv 
 rity. And hero for the first time I beheld the beauties of a tro- 
 jiical vofretation ; a season tluit knowa no elianire, but that of a ]ier- 
 pctual sprini; and summer; an elysiau httid, where nature otfcrs 
 s]iontanci)Us food to man. The rcjrion ef the liread-lVuil ; the Tar- 
 row, (Ci_ili)cii.-iiii c.sculiDtn,) which feeds the indiirent mass of tlie ])opu- 
 latiou ; tlio Kroussoiietia, ii kind of Mulberry Tree, wliose inner riml, 
 called /"/»", atl'onls a universal clothing. The low groves ]iroduco 
 the liaiiana, the (iingcr, the Turmcrie, the inebriating Kitnt, (/V/nc 
 ii\itliiislii-iiiii,) a kind of Arrowroot, resembling the potato, (7%rV((,) 
 and the Saccliariue Tee root, (Drarttna tii-mlii'ih'.-:,) at the same time 
 the best (d' p(U'table fodder. The coniinon timber f^r constructing 
 houses, boats, various inipleinents, iuid the best of fuel, is here the 
 [iroduee of a Mimosa, {Afncia Ititcnipli'/ll".) For lights and oil, the 
 A)o 1,101' kernels {Alcnn'tcs trlliilin) protbice m\ excellent and inexhaust- 
 ible sui'l'ly; the cocoanut ami the fragni'.t I'liiiiI'dins idl'ord dcli- 
 IV 1* 
 
10 
 
 1' R E F A C E. 
 
 ciDiH fooil, conliiiT*'. iiiid iiiiits; anil tlio vurv ivi'ds, rccliicccl in nize, 
 wliicli lionltT llif riviilots, iiix' no otlior tliun tlio jn'icious migiir- 
 I'iiiK' ul' ('(iiiinnTin'. 
 
 Lt'a\ iiiir this liivonul region of perpetual inililness, I now anivi'il 
 on tin; shoi-is of ("alifornia, at Monterey. The early spring (March) 
 had aiivady s)iread out its vai'ied earpct of ilowers; all of them had 
 to me the eharin of n<jvelty, and many were adorned with the nmst 
 hrilliant and varied hues. The forest tree.s wore new to my view. 
 A magpie, almost like that of Europe, (hut with u yellow hill.) 
 ehattered from the hranehe-s of an Oak with leaven like those ol' 
 the Holly, {(,hii mi.s 0(/cij'(Jiit.) A thorny (ioosebcrry, forming a small 
 tree, apin-ared elad with jiendulous llowcrs a.s hrilliant as those of u 
 l''urhsia. .V new I'lane Tree .«]iread its wide arms over tlie <Iric(l 
 rivulets. .\ Ceanothus, attaining the magnilinle of a small tree. 
 loade<l with sky-hlue withered ilowers, lay on the rutle wood-pile, 
 eonsigned to the menial odiec of atlbnli)ig fuel. Already the cheer- 
 ful nnicking-hird sent lortii his varied melody, witli rapture imi- 
 tating the nceel notes of his neighboring songsters. The scenery 
 was mouuta.nous and varied, one vast wilderness, neglected and 
 uncultivated ; the very < attle appeared as wild as the hison of ihe 
 ](rairies, and the i)i'owling wolves, (f 'oyo/i.v,) well ted, were as tann; 
 as dogs, and every night yelled familiarly through the village. In 
 this legion the Olive and the Vine throve with luxuriiiice and 
 teemed with fruit; the I'riekly I'ears {Cdclii.i) became small trees, 
 and the rare blooming Aloe {A(/'trc Aiiiiricniiii) ajipeared eonsigned 
 without care to the hedgerow of the garden. 
 
 After a perilous passage around Cape Horn, the dreary eMicmity 
 of South America, amitl niountains of ico which opposed our [>ro- 
 gress ill unusual array, we arrived again at the Hhore.s of the At- 
 lantic. Onec more I hailed those delightful scenes of nature with 
 which I had been so long associated. I rambled again through the 
 >hade of the Atlantic forests, or culled some rare productions of Flora 
 in their native wilds. ]!ut the "oft-told tale" approaches to its close, 
 und 1 must now bid ii long adieu to the "\ew World," its sylvan 
 Beenes, its mountains, wilds, and ;!ains; and heneef(M'th, in tin; 
 evening of my career, 1 return, almost an e.xile, to tlio lanil of my 
 nativity. 
 
 Sii 
 Ir 
 
 ('; 
 be 
 
 «i 
 |)> 
 
 Oil 
 Ln 
 A I 
 1" 
 
CONTEXTS OF VOLUMi: FIUST. 
 
 Wkstrun Omc Qiicrfii.^ (ianynDa 1-1 
 
 Ilolly-Lriivcd Oak Qurrnis >i;/rifi.n,i lii 
 
 Hdcky Mnuntiiin Oiik Qiirrcu.'i Kiid/llnlii !'■• 
 
 I)im;.'!as Oak Qi-itYHfl Dmu/las;! 'JK 
 
 I )fiise-Flc)wi'rf il Oak Q"' reus dnis[thir<i -1 
 
 Leu's Oak Qiiirrns Lriim -ir, 
 
 Dwarf Clifr-tmit Ca-^tuitni uliiif-iUa oU 
 
 Woslcni liinli B<l<d>i ()r.u,/uit,ii;.^ 40 
 
 Oval-Leaved Birch Ji' Inlu rlioinhiJoUa 41 
 
 OreL'ou Attlor Atom Ori';/(in<( 44 
 
 Thill-Leaved Alder Aliws hwofoUd 48 
 
 Sea-Siilc Alder Abuts murtCtina ("iO 
 
 O|iaiiuo-Leaved Elm U I nuts iquica .Ol 
 
 TliDiiias's Elm Vbaiis nteciiwsa A:! 
 
 Sniall-FniiteJ lliekory (jin/a mierocitrp't T).") 
 
 Tnodornus Candle 'L'rec Jfi/rica uwdora Tiit 
 
 ('alifiirnia Buttunwdud J'liitanus raccmosn M 
 
 Narrow-Leaved lialsaiu I'opUir I'lipidits niujitstifilln (58 
 
 l,iin;:-Leaved Wilkiw .S'('/(> spcciusn 74 
 
 Lcinjr-Leaved Bay Willnw •Sulix ptnlttndra 77 
 
 Western Yellow \V illow Salix lutca 7H 
 
 Silver-Leaved Willow tiidix: artinphijlbt 87 
 
 Uusky Willow StiUx: mdamqms !•■! 
 
 California Bay Tree DriiiKiidii/lhitn piwcijliniiit 10:2 
 
 Larj^o-Leaved Linden Td.in liilcroplo/dd 107 
 
 A nierican JLiiigle lihizophom A tihrhviiii 11- 
 
 Florida Guava P.^'idhtm Im.iif'ilhun 1 lA 
 
 II 
 
12 
 
 C N T !• N T S. 
 
 I 'i ii-k cil Ciilyiitrantlips Oi';/i>trinithcs llii/lnirulin 117 
 
 Siiiiill-Le!ivi'(l Eiigciiia Eni/i iiia ilii'lmlDma 120 
 
 Tall Eu;^i'iiiii Eidii Ilia pmnra 122 
 
 15i)X-Lcaveil Eugenia Eii(/iiii't hii.r[fiiliii 1 J^i 
 
 Indian Aliuonil Ti rnuHuVa (■(tliipjni 1 25 
 
 I! lit ton Ticp ( 'oiHtciirpii.t mrln 1 2M 
 
 AVliitc Mangrovf Lui/Kitculiriit ruriiiiii.^n 1;!2 
 
 Itabliit lleny s'Ai/i/d nlin an/i ii/m I:'i4 
 
 Mountain I'luni Xinuaia Ainrrii-mm 138 
 
 ( )sa jrc ( )rango M/irliirn aiiraiilincd 140 
 
 Sniall-Lcavod Xottlo Tree C'.Yfe irlhrnhitu 147 
 
 Long-Lcavcd Nottle Treo d'tts liifi(/ifiillii 14S 
 
 ( 'licrry Fi^ Ticc Fii'"-: jk tlnDfiildtn 1/Jl 
 
 Sliovt-Lfavi'il Fig Trt'i' Ficus liririfilin I'lS 
 
 Small-Fruited Fig Tree B''Ciis awni 1 ')4 
 
 Ked Thorn Chittrgit-'^ mixjuinm 1 ")7 
 
 Lant'o-Leaved llaw thorn Crahrr/iis (irhorc.^rcns 1 1 ii) 
 
 Soft-Lea vid Cherry (,c/V(m« mutUs 1(14 
 
 1 lolly-Leaved Cherry t' m.^iia iUcifoini 1 iI.j 
 
 Wild 1'luni I'rniMS Anurwuii" lO'.t 
 
 Hiver Crab Ajiple J';/rus riciiU(ris 172 
 
 American Mountain Abli Pijriis Americana 17") 
 
 Feather IJush Carocarpit^ Udifuliti^^- 178 
 
 Jamaica Dogwood Pi.scidin tri/thrim 1 80 
 
 Jiroad-l'oddud Acacia Ai'iirui hdislUijiia 1 8:{ 
 
 IJlunt-Leaved Inga IiKj't iiiii/nk-niti 181! 
 
 Guadaloupe 1 nga Jiii/a (iHudaliiinnis 188 
 
 Jamaica IJoxwood Sch<rj)\ ra l)i(.ri/olia 190 
 
 Tree Ceanothus Ganothu.i tlii/r.sijhiriis 193 
 
 Snake-Wood Cotubrina Amcricann 1 i^r) 
 
 Carolina Buckthorn lihamtuis C'lrollniiiiiiis I'.tH 
 
 Manchinccl Hqtpomane mancincUa 202 
 
PAnr 
 
 117 
 
 120 
 
 122 
 
 123 
 
 125 
 
 ,12H 
 
 ,l:V2 
 
 .134 
 
 .138 
 
 .140 
 
 .147 
 
 .148 
 
 .1.^)1 
 
 .1.-.4 
 .1-.7 
 .11)0 
 .104 
 
 ..n;.') 
 ..if.'.t 
 
 ..172 
 ..17.') 
 
 ..178 
 ..ISO 
 ..18:5 
 ..ISO 
 ..188 
 ..100 
 ..lit:? 
 
 ..v.^r, 
 
 ...r.ts 
 
 ...202 
 
 T II E 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN 
 
 SYLYA. 
 
 OAKS. 
 
 Xa/iinil Orilii; Ci-iti.hth.t:. Hiiinniii r7"--'>''"'''>"i. Mi)N(i:ii\. 
 
 l'(II,Y.\N'l)KI.\. 
 
 (JUEKCUS. (ToruNEFORT.) 
 
 .MdNO-.iTors. M.M.K flower.-) in l(io.-;e ratkins or raocnios. Oih/.r inoiio- 
 liliyllous, nioi-o or less deeply .O-eleft. Sl<tmnt.«, five to ten with 
 short liliinicntri, tlic luitliers oval and 2-eelled. 
 
 J''i;M.u.i-: flower solitary, witli a cup-shaiicd, umlivided, lieniisiilieiieal 
 involueruni formed of ag,i!;lutiiiated inil)rieatc scales, sometimes 
 free at the summit. ]\naiilli minute, superior. Ovary terminated 
 l)y two to three sti.i^mas, :5-(!elle)l, \vitlj two ovule.s. Nul or 'jhtiiil 
 ovate-eylindrie, eoriaeeou^, aial'.ijtiiooih, l-eclled; albumen none, 
 <,'erni erect, with thiek'ajiir fleshy: cotyl .lon.s. 
 
 Trees or slirubs.' priuiciirjfij-';o^' tetnpera.'.c rej;ioi's. Loaves alter- 
 nate, stipulate, simple. Flowers green and inconspicuous, appearing 
 hefore the complete expansion of the leaves. Nearly allied to tho 
 
 Chestnuts, ( ('aalnma.) 
 
 18 
 
WESTERN OAK. 
 
 QiEitcrs (j.MUiYAXA, (null!.'!. Mss.) Ftilii-i iiiUdIiiH.i, ciliitrnli.-; iilrim/iif 
 iilitii.sis si'iiniiti.'! siililiis j)iili(sniiHliUS, lulllllis t<((lii/lilliri>; lnln.s iilililsis ,ii(li- 
 (ii/iiitliliii.i .•■iiiuriorili'i.f fnhbUohis, fnictiljus ncssillhus, I'liimla .■hiIjIh mi- 
 Kjiltii riifi (/(/»< sifiiiiiiKi.'id, ."1/1(11 mis lu-iiniimilis pniicsn utilnts, (/luiidf ui'nlit. 
 
 (Ji Kill r.s (i'irrj"i"i, lIooKKii, Kliir. Bor. Amor., vol. ii. y. la'J. 
 
 Ix our \s"i'st('rM tonr across tlie contiiii'iit. no ('cutiiri' of (Ik; 
 landsi'MpL' a|ijii'arc'(l iii<mv roniarkabk', vl'Uw passing tlii' Mis- 
 sissippi to till- w'lle alluvial bortlerrt of tliL- Platte, tliau tin- 
 almost total absoncc of our most characteristic forest trees, tlie 
 Oaks. When at lensitli we approached the IJocky Mountains, 
 or Xortliern Amies, wi' looked in vain for any species of this 
 important L'enus; and. as far as the eye could trace, we com- 
 monly saw nothiuL' hut a dark, unbroken mass of gijiantic Firs 
 anil I'iiies. It was not till we had nearly reached the shores 
 of the I'acillc. that we a,i:ain beheld any of the? Ikmiliar fi'atures 
 of the Atlantic forest. At the confluence of the (-'olinnbia and 
 the Wahlamet we pitched our tents and moored our vessel, 
 which had passed Cape Horn, beneath the spreading shade of 
 majestic Oaks. With the first appearance of extended alluvial 
 jilains, immediately below the .singular falls of tlie Oregon, 
 called the Dalles, or Dykes, we observed, for the first time, this 
 Western Oak loaded with it.s fruit. 
 
 The strong rosembl'.ihce/ of the leaf of this species tt) that 
 
 of the Post Oak' {Quercih 'skUahi) is almost a libel upon our 
 
 gigantic jilant. which may w'eU rank among the largest of its 
 
 species. It at'i.iiis the lieigut of ninety or one hundred feet, 
 
 if not more, with a diameter of from three to six feet; indeed, 
 
 amidst a forest the most remarkable in the world for its ex- 
 
 ti'cme elevation, our Oak still lH)re a strict comparison with the 
 14 
 
 „.■.■#-*•■ 
 
i 
 
. ri I 
 
 /(',.,/,/•„ (I„K 
 
 Oin-rnis (i;iiTv;iii,i 
 
 f'fu'/n tn''ii/:''t(ttf , 
 
W i: S T i; K N OAK. 
 
 IS 
 
 i 
 
 ivsl. Il> .liiiiiicl.T. ill iic;iiiv all ivsiuM'ts, ciiials llir liiiii.Mis 
 
 ();lk (if Nnlllli'lll Kliropc. {(,). lH.I,Ui'„/,ll,l ;} it.-< Idl'lV MUlllllit, 
 
 iiiiil fiitinnoiis hniiiilii'.s s|iiva(l mit I'ar uml widi", all'tiidiii;^ tin' 
 iiinst |)crr«'ct .shade; and. a>< a iii(tmvs(|ii»! tree, it is mucii tin- 
 must .sirikiii'T in llif Western iaiiilsfaiii-. As an (itijeel of 
 ecDiiuiiiy, wi- foiiiid it of tlie last iiiii"prtaiiee, i sel'iii tiiiil>er 
 lives lieiii^' scaree aldiiL' tile Ore^iiii; iiidei'd. i ii other Oak 
 exists aluiiir the enast of the I'aiilic Imt the iireseiit, till wi; 
 iiiiive at the alisohiti' lioniidary of ('■ .l(>v:::.i. Ilnw far it 
 extends to the iinrtli 1 am mialile to sa . , Imt prohalily as 
 I'ai as Noutka Sound. In V\>\)vv ('alilornia it is .scaively lomid 
 hevond .Monterey; its limit is prohalply somewheie heiwi'eii the 
 o.sth and "lOth de^^ivo. 
 
 The wood is nMiiarkahly white lor an Oak, lianl and lliu'- 
 LTained. and well suited lor almost every kind of constrnelion 
 I'or wliieh the White Oak or En-lisli 0;ik is employed. It was 
 used hv onr trading; jiarty as lianel--taves. ami was loiind no- 
 wav inl'erior to White Oak. Lofrs ui' it hron.irht a iiood price 
 at the Saiidwieh Islands; and, in short, there is .scaively any 
 lliiiii: in which streiiL^th or diirahility are ri'iiuisito, Cor whicii 
 tills timlier is not suited. Tiie acorns, heinu- sweet and a,L'ree- 
 aliie. i'onn an oxcfllent mast lor hogs; and even the ahorijiines 
 of tiiis ivfjioii, who ncvr cnltivate the .soil, employed them lor 
 food, lirst preparinii- them \>y stoving and ai'lerward laying them 
 away iindi'r ground i'or future use. 
 
 Tlie acorns are innch larger than tlio-e of tlie Post Oak, as 
 well IIS loniider. The leaf hears a considerable vesemblance to 
 that species, but is smaller, and, in fact, intermediate in form 
 between it and the Eiiroiiean species, ((^). jxihiiKiilntd.) It 
 dilVers Irom Iv tli in tlie wliiteness ol" its wood. Tiie bark is 
 whitish and si y, almost similar to that of the White Oak. 
 The leaves i'r n the first are not pubescent above, or only 
 .slightly so along the midrib; the hairs, more numerous beneath, 
 are, as in many other species, collected into stellated clusters; 
 
4 
 
(Miciciis Aoi'il'dliti 
 
 i 
 
HOT. L Y-1,K A V K D (» A K. 
 
 17 
 
 liitioii of this remote and .singular pa"t of the Western world. 
 It ajipear.s more sparingly aromid ^^onterey, and scarcely ex- 
 tends on the north as I'ar as the line of tin; Oregon Territory. 
 It attains the height of ahoiit forty or fifty feet, with a diameter 
 rarely exceeding eighteen inches. The hark is nearly as rough 
 as in tiie Kvd Oak; the wood, hard, jjrittle, and reddish, is ns.'d 
 only for the purposes of fuel or the coar.se con.structiou of a log 
 
 cahni. 
 
 As an ornamental tree, for the South of Europe or the 
 wiirmer States of the Union, we may recommend this species. 
 It forms a roundish summit, and spreads hut little till it attains 
 a considerahle age ; as a hedge, it would form a very clo.«o 
 sheltei, and the leaves, evergreen and nearly as prickly as a, 
 holly, would render it almost impervious to most animals. 
 
 The leaves vary from roundish ovate to elliptic, and are of u 
 thick, rigid consistence, the serratures rpiite sharp; the yoniiL;' 
 siioots are covei'cd more or less with stellate hairs, and, for 
 .some time, tufls of this kind of down remain on the under side* 
 of the midi'it) of the leaves, which are, however, at length i)er- 
 fectly smooth and of a dark green ahovo, often tinged with 
 hrownish-jellow heneath. The staminiferons tlowers are very 
 ahuiiihint and lather conspicuous, the racemes the length of 
 tiiree or four inciics, the lloweir with a conspicuous calyx am' 
 eight to ten stamens. The fennile or fruit-hearing liowers are 
 usually in pairs in the axils, or juncture of tlie leaf wilh the 
 Mom, and .sessile, or witiiout stalks. The cup of tiie acoi'ii is 
 lirmispheri<'ai, and furnished witii loose, lirownish scales: the 
 acorn, nnicii longer than the cup. is ovate and jiointcd. 
 
 We ilo not recollect to have seen this tree pnt[)erly associated 
 with any other, except, occasionalh', the f'/n/innis riti-i kxish^ ; 
 their shade is also hostile to almost every kind of undergrowth. 
 
 B}' I'ersooii, this species is said to iia\-e lieeu louiid on the 
 
 Ciustern coast of North .Vmcrii'a. while Pursh attrihutcs it to 
 
 the northwest coast, ahout Nootka .Siund. It does not, how- 
 v.. I,, iv.-u 
 
18 
 
 SM A I-L-L K A VEI) o A K. 
 
 over, pxteiid cvon to the torritoiy of Oregon. a.s far as my ob- 
 wrvatioiis go. Net- says, '• I Iiave (tiily wen hranelies eollected 
 at Monterey and Nootka." The leaves of the young [yhints (if 
 1 am not mistaken) are [jerfectiy smootli wlien fn-st deveh)ped, 
 of a tliin eoiisistenee, witii niimerous slender, sliarp di'ntures; 
 beneath tlay are of a brownish-yellow color, and appear 
 smootii and shining. 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 A >/(iii/ii/ lirmirli ir'illi litirnii niiii iils. <i, A lirinicli irilli kcodis. 
 
 SQUALL-LEAVED OAK. 
 
 QrKlU'Us DVMnsA. linDiisi /iriii'iJi'lm.'i piihrsmilifiiis: ; faliis riiliiti(liiiii-oraU- 
 bits subxc.ssiUlius fjiliioso-dchlnlls tjIiihriHsculis, fmbtus rildisis com-uhiribm. 
 
 I ORSKRVED this species to form entangled thickets over tlie 
 base of the hills which Hank tiie village of Santa IJarbara, in 
 I'jjper California. It attains the height of four to six feet, is 
 of a very unsightly iippeai';ince, forming what we should call 
 Scrul) Oak thickets, of considerable extent, over a l)arreu and 
 rocky soil, which denies sustenance to almost every thing else: 
 the branches di\i(le into man}- irregular, straggling, and almost 
 naked, .slender twigs, clothed with a whitish, smooth bark. 
 The leaves are evergri'en, .'^iiiall, and wholly ri'si'mble tliose of 
 tiie Did mix vociifi ni.\m\ are son;ewhat pidx'scent aliove and 
 softly ,so lieneath ; the young twigs are also Iniiry, with a iiei- 
 si.sting pubescence. IJeiiig unable to discover upon it at tlie 
 season I visited that country (in tiie month of April) eitiicr 
 llowers or fruit. I am not able to "ive a liLiiire of it that would 
 ^(? at all intcrcstiii'j. 
 
I 
 
I 
 
 ,1 
 
 ^ 
 
I'MII. 
 
 itiii'iTiis riidiii.'ii.'i 
 
 /,. ..'. 1 Miiiinliiiii l>iil, I'liiiii iiiiiIhIi 
 
ROCKY ]\IOUXTAIX OAK. 
 
 (2ii:i;ris rxiiii.ATA. Friilirii.^ii ;v^/((i/.v;.N.,,'„(,.' ,• /',,/,7.v jh I'l iwiiil'liii.1 liri ri- 
 jM linliitl.-i (jliloiii/is tii'Hd.s ^ti»ii((,l(,.,ii tii'dis ilcniiliiis iicntis, hd.^i i-niiuitii, 
 siihln.t iiiilr.yiilntki-tuiiK idusif, sH[mi iiiliills ; J'riirllliiis !<itlj!-<ilil<irii.s scs- 
 
 v/7,7/»X, flljllllil li( Hli-^llll'iri'-'l .^Ijll'lllli-: (//l/z/l.^xV, (jIllKlh (ll-lltll ll'.'lilll. — 
 
 ToiiKDV, ill tlio Aimiils dl' llu' Lyi't'um of Xcw Yurk, vol. ii. 
 II. 24S. 
 
 This (hviuf Oiik, considoniblv iiUiod to our small-lcavcd 
 lircccdiiig species, was (liseovcrcil liy Dr. James, in Long's Ex- 
 jiedition, toward tlic soiirees ol' tlie Canadian, a brancli of tiic 
 Arkiuisas, and likewise in tlie I'oeky Mountains. It is said 
 to lie a small, stragiiliiig sliriib. witli the under surface of the 
 leaves clothed with a close, whitish tomentum or down, more 
 or less spread, thouuh UKjre thinly, also, on the upper surface, 
 with the hairs stellated. The leaves are small, and ,<omewliat 
 resenihle tho.se of the Holly, ahoiit an inch and a half or two 
 iiiiiies loni;'. rather narrowed at the base, of a thick and rigiil 
 consistence, as in all the sempervirent Oaks, retieulately veined 
 beneath, with the margin sinuately tootlied, but not. tliat I can 
 perceive, waved, as tlie specific name implies; the teeth sharp 
 and acute at the points; above somewhat shining and minutely 
 puliescent. Tlie acorns are large, and strongly resemble those 
 of the r/ive Oak; tliey are, however, without stalks, and grow 
 alone or in pairs; the cup is deep and hemispherical, with the 
 scales pointed. 
 
 It is so nearly allied to tlie Holly Oak of the Sjiith of 
 
 Europe [(^hivri-Ns I/t.r) that it is necessary to distinguish them. 
 
 In our plant the ba.se of the leaf is weilge-foniie<l ; in tlii' Ilex 
 
 it is usually rounded, the bonier less dee|)ly tot)thed, and not in 
 
 I'.i 
 
 ;.i« 
 
'JO 
 
 Do I' (i LAS OAK. 
 
 tlu! least siniiiitcil. Tin- i'ii[) find iK'oni aiv wlioll} .similai', Imt 
 ill our plant a little laiycr ami less poiiitfil. 
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 A liniiit'li I J lite nalitfal size, ifillt llw uajni. 
 
 DOUGLAS OAK. 
 
 (jriacri s l)ii\'(;i,.\sil. l-'ulii^- iiii/Klirnii/ial'i ubliiii</ii-iiriili'ln(,-- hut'i tutd'ts 
 lidhAiili'! .'•iiiiiiil'i-piini"iijiili-s .^irclliitc Idiiiil iii</rcsiu'niiliiis, .yiipru iilidiris, 
 i<tihlii.s piil)cri<lf<; hibi-' brccilnta aeiiihiscnU.'i, jictinli.s rtniKdi.-'tjiit' jiiiituriliiis 
 il(iiy(J'iilr(i-p(ih(fcittllliiis; friicllliiis si'.w/WyfM Siilitiin'is hiiiisrr, oipiila 
 In iiii.-'pltimca iknsc sqiuoHusa sijihuiiis oratis connxis in (ippcinlicini 
 ^iihnuinlmmaccam fulvuin (ipprcssuin Uncarcm ubliimm j^ndiictl'i jiiibm- 
 ciiilibns; (jlitudc ovala cupuJnm triplo siipn-aiitc obtiim cum innboni' 
 coniiv. — llooK. Icon. inod. IIudk. iuid AhMit, ISot. lioechy, \'. -VM. 
 
 This curious sju'eies. of wliieh we have seen only u dried 
 s[ieeiuieii, was collected in I'^jper Caliloruia, and hears souu; 
 afllnity to the (^. Gtirri/ciia. According' to Hooker and Arnot, 
 the leaves and wli'le appearance of tin- plant closely resendtle 
 Q. dc^'siUjloi-a, hut with dillerent scales to the cup ol" the acorn. 
 The leaves appear to l)o sinalliT, narrower, and less deeply 
 divided than in (,). (iiirn/umi. The young leaves are covered 
 with down on both sides, and the lobes tipped with short, soft, 
 acute points. 
 
 To n.s, the branch whicli we have seen bears some resem- 
 blance, though vague, to the l\)st Oak, {Q. fitdhifii.) The cni) 
 and acorn is also somewhat similar, but larger, while the leaf ir. 
 smaller and scarcely dilated aljove. The under surface is 
 
3j 
 
I'l l\ 
 
 A ii.jliis.ii'iil, 
 
 ()iicr(iis hdiKiliisii 
 
 (7i.,„ ,1, ll.'iiiilus 
 
 ■I 
 
1 
 
^ 
 
 1 
 
 MS 
 
 flw? 
 
Itriixr IhmriYil On/,- 
 
 (^ii('r<'ii.s Dcnsinoiii 
 
 t'hntt' n th'niw'thitx^A' 
 

1) EN SE-F LOWER K ') <»A K. 
 
 21 
 
 covi'ivil witii thu f^aiiiu stfllatfd pulK'St'uiicv. The .stiLruKif> uf 
 lliu Ibrtilo llu" _■,' are from tlim; to five in luiinber. 
 
 PLATE IV. 
 
 .1 bruia-li vf Ihi iialiinil si:,, iri/h iir„riis. n. Tin iifid r.ilhil ((I'd H'.diKj 
 till/. //. Tin: .-<hiin(iilj'( rolls jl'iiCi r ninjii'ijluL 
 
 ("a- voi'Si.-;. Amoiits oloii^-ati'd uiid porsistuiil, poriaiitli lauugiiums, 
 dividcil l„ ;'ii' liaso; scalfs of tlio siavailiii^i^ cup loose and snuar- 
 rose; slaiiioiir, cxsorU'd ; nut soniewhat aiiii'ulai- ami downy; sti,^- 
 nias sovoral, lUilbrni, and dc'ciduous. 
 
 Troos of ()reij;oii, Caliloniia. and flie Hinia' .ya Mountains in Tudia, 
 willi the asiieet ol' the Cliostnut. lieaves . ntiiv, peiinateiy nerved, 
 ^I'liipei'virent. Anieiits eh>n,i;-ated, erect, the llower-; eoiiji'lonu'rati'd. 
 I'Vnile llowers . . . . i To tiiis seition, or raljier j;-eMUs, lu'louir 
 also, as t'ai' as tlie nude spueiniens are eoneerned, the (^na-iiis ijhiincnda 
 and (hi( rcis sjiif(i/ii ol' l)r. W'aliirh. 
 
 DENSE-FLOAVEIIED OAK 
 
 (ilKKL'ljrj UliN.Sin.OKA. 7''//(V.v pen DtnOlliliUs ciin'tlnis int'iiibilis ulilniii/n 
 
 liiiifiiilaflii Ijiisl oljlum Imritir naiiiiiniilis piniUck vcnum iiilii/i rrlini.i 
 iiHiri/iii- rii'iiliilis jiininriliiis julrii-fiii-fiiriirni-liiiiii iitus'is suhtiis juill'ilinri- 
 Liis ihiiMin ijdiliris, aiiifiili^ imisriiliii (Imiijatis J'ulia sKpcmiifiliKs ilaisi- 
 Jhin's nilik liiiiioitosis viuic <id basin Jhris jiKiirofi fcinimos (/cniifibKn, 
 j'ri(rl',biis scs.silibiis, ciiimbi birci hiiiiisplui rira (liiisc sqiiiiinosii, sijuniiii- 
 biis cbiiii/aki-linmribwi buin scrici is, i/Uimk onUo-ijbilmsa sn-iccu. — IliKnc. 
 Icon. JM. ined. Hook, and AuxdT, Hot. Beeihy, p. 301. 
 
 This rennirkahle tree, .scarcely a true Oak, luil conwneric with 
 siK'eies in the llinuilayii Mountains, in India, is a native of 
 
■11 oi'.si: j; V ATiuNs on the oaks. 
 
 rppcr Ciilironii;!. It has so iiiucli llie apiicuranco of a Clicst- 
 iiiit, tliat tlio cup of tlio IVuit alonu attests wliat it ivalh' is. 
 Tlio leaves are overgroeii, and of tlie same lancoolato outline 
 witli tile ('oiiiniou Clicstiuit, ]iavin,n' similar pemiato '.erves, l)iit 
 I'lilire, or nearly so, on tiie marj;in; at first they are softly 
 clotlied heneath with dense, stt'llate, Ijrownish hairs, but at 
 leiijitli Iieeome smooth: they are about four inches long and one 
 to one and a (|uarter wide. The catkins arc erect, about l()ur 
 inciii's long, jireseiiting the ai)i)earancc of cylindric, woolly 
 si)ikes, beset with numerous o.x.serted stamens with, long, sleniler 
 fdaments, as in thi' Chestnut. The cup is shallow and patulous, 
 within and without softly sericeous, the scales numerous and 
 aciuninate. very loose, somewhat s|)reading, and two and a half 
 to three lines long. The acoi-n is large, evidently angular, and 
 mori' convt'X on one side, covered with whitish down, and 
 teiiuiuated with several (iliform, hi.uuginous, and deciduous 
 stigmas. 
 
 The C'lixt'iiiiii i-hnisiiiiJiiilhi of Douglas, if not the same plant, 
 a[)[i('ars to be another species of tills section or genus. 
 
 I'LATK V. 
 
 ,1 lir(iiir]i 1,1' till iiiiliiriil .--izf. a. Tin' (imni. 
 
 OnSKUVATlOXS ox TllK OAKS. 
 
 QuKKCts MAKiTiMV, (l/ii' MiiriliiiK Oil/,'.) 'I'lie fruit of this 
 species, and sometimes the leaves, ajiproacli to the Willow 
 Oak; Ijiit tliis is a low, shrubby plant of the Southern States, 
 with sempervirent leaves, which are very often deeply and 
 distinctly sinuated, rigid, with ihe lobes often obtuse and 
 uiuci'onate. 
 
 i 
 
 «.4iii» 
 
r'^ms^ 
 
 O I>. S E I! ^■ A T I () N S (> N T 1 1 E < ) A K S. 'I-', 
 
 Qn-iirLS MVHTiroi.iA, {Murlk-Lnnxl Ocl:) 01' this ek';i;..it 
 and cui-ious species, w(! liiue yet no materials deserving of a 
 
 ti'itire. 
 
 QrERCl'S STEI.LATA. Q. OliTrSII.OIlA, Mlf'H. {I'us/ (hil\) The 
 variety which 1 iiientioned in the flenera of Nortii American 
 plants, vol. ii. p. 215, under the name of ,3. (hjm'»s<i, rarely 
 exceeds three feet in height, and hears acorns at the heiirht of 
 twelve to eijihteen inches from the ground. I lirst ohserved it 
 on the hills of the Missouri, up to its conliuence with the river 
 Platte, and it is also almost the last sjjecies which we find to 
 the westward. I have since met with apparently the same low 
 variety on the gravelly poor hill.' of the island of Martha's 
 A'ineyard, near Massachusetts Bay: it is this scruljljy growth of 
 Oalv which still ailbrds shelter to the grouse on that island. In 
 some parts of Massachusetts, (according to Enun-son.) the usual 
 largo growth of this tree is occasionally met witli. The species 
 (if ttuercns wliicli I call Q. MI'JuiK.rii is. T now believe, notiiing 
 more than a mer<' variety of Q. iir!iiii-'<. 
 
 SwAMi' Wiini-: Oak, (Qm r<'iix hlctihn-.) Of this species 1 first 
 (iliserved a curinus variety, which 1 called ■■}. iimUis or Snj't- 
 lidriil iSiriiiiij) <hil\ in the swampy elevateil fort'sts of tiie 
 Hudson, near New York; it occurs likewise near riiiladelphia 
 and I'oslon. The leaves. 1 find, are of the same form as in V- 
 Iwiildi: hut the under side is not white, hut partly ferruginous or 
 green, and softly pul)esct'nt. The (piantity of this clothing, how- 
 I'ver. varii's, and in hu'ge leaves it becomes very thin. It forms 
 a soinewhat-jiyramidal tree, sixty or seventy feet high, hranched 
 nearly from the base, the branches detlected and intricately 
 ramified. The leaves are narrowed at the liase. and abru|itly 
 dilated toward the smiimit; the dentures are few and sonietiines 
 almost waidiug; the breadth is about twotiiirds of tiu' length; 
 the fruit-f-talk or pcduiu'le filiform, two or three inches long. 
 
■2\ 
 
 ( ti; S I-: I! \' A T K I X S < » N 'I' HE () A K S. 
 
 Ix'iiriug iihout ouv to tliri'c iioorns (in each. It iiiiiy porluips bo 
 Qiwfcus Jili/ui-mls of Muhlenberg's Catahjgue, page 87. 
 
 MossY-CiT Oak, (Qiiirrm oUrofoniu'i.) Tliis rare Oak, 
 (wliii'h Michaux t'oiiml only above Albany and in Gi'nesce.) or 
 at least a variety of it witli less attenuated cups, is met with in 
 Orange county, New York, where it was observed by Dr. 
 Ilorton; and it al.«o grows near Vernon, in Sussex county, New 
 Jersey. It has nuich the aspect of the Water White Oak, {(,). 
 itlsfiilor.) but the leaves are sinuated. 
 
 White Oak. {Qn'i-cns hIIhi.) According to Emerson, the 
 roots of the White Oak make very beautiful furniture. In 
 England, five jioimds sterling have been given for the roots of a 
 Wiiite Oak. The pieces hiivc lieen taken out, and, when sawed 
 and planed, present a wood of extraordinar}' biSiuty. A cal)ine|. 
 and table maile from the forked branches of this Oak. now in 
 tiie possession of Mr. ('. J. Wister, in Gerinantown, Pa., may 
 well vie with the fniest woods known: it is of a clear, pide 
 yellow, iuidining to olive, and feathered in the most beautiful 
 manner; the polish is also er^ual to that of the finest nudiogany. 
 
 I)A1!TI!Am's Oak. (QmrinK Inii niplnjlhi, Micu. vol. i. ])1. Ifi.) 
 Tliis cui'ions tree, whicii, in LSoT, had attained the height ol' 
 (ifty feet and a circund'erenco of three feet nine iu<'hes, was 
 inadvertently cut down, and with it the species, if such it was, 
 appeared to be annihilated; but Thonnis (I. Lea, Ks(|., of Cin- 
 cinnati, informs me ■•that several year.s ago he discovered an 
 Oak between two and thn"' miles north of that cit_>. the leaves 
 and Iruit of which accord witli Michaux's figure. The leaves 
 are sometimes larger than those represented, but with the same 
 outline, irregularly and coarsely toothed, or subdobed, and on 
 !ongish petioles: tiie margin is very randy entire. The tree is 
 about twenty-five feet high, and in a vigorous state of growtli. 
 
m 
 
/.,,..'■ link (■'""• •'' '-' 
 
So 
 w 
 111 
 wi 
 in 
 
 IK 
 
 I'ii 
 
 'M 
 IV 
 in 
 
LKA'S OAK. 
 
 25 
 
 Soino snuttiTiiig Oiiks of other npt'cics iiru in its iniineiliiitc- 
 iici-iilmilioo'l. 1 tiiink it is not a variety of V- imhnr„n,u 
 many trees of which I liiive exiiiniucl, l)iit never I'oinid them 
 with loiivcH the least indeuteil. The Q. iilt'llos" to wiiieii it 
 niijiht he allied, "does not grow in the vicinity of Cincinnati, 
 nor, that I know of, in any part of Oliio: this tive, therefore, 
 cannot he a variety of that Hpecies." Its nearest aninity 
 appears to nie to he to the QiKnux (imhiipin of Michaux, Ji'., 
 from which it is prineipiilly distinguished Ky the luirrower and 
 more simi)le divisions oi its leaves. 
 
 LEA'S OAK. 
 
 Qtn;nrrs Lkana. F"l<i^ mnnhnnmcrls, lom/i.^.^onr prUahtH.^, ohlom/o- 
 orullhiis, ba.-<i rotuhdiilk; .•^iilnvnl'ili'-'^, ^hiiiiiUi-pinmdlfuli.-; dnnnw f/hilin.^; 
 loh'is lulls inlrgris sdacco-acumlmiUs ; fntrlllni.t hirri-iiKlinl/nli's ; ,s■.,///.//v/,^■ 
 lihilm; oipiih !(cmi'>phcci'k% sipiamis oralis ohtum, r/lnmlc xnlijlohosa 
 viltitla siibsniii-iiiintntsir, rum vmhone birvi comco. 
 
 Or this remarkahly-amhignons Oak I ha^e already spoken, in 
 
 a note on Q. htfnijJii/lln, having at that time, in concert with 
 
 Mr. Tliomas G. Lea, its discoverer, considered it as a variety of 
 
 that rare species, or some analogous hyhrid. Other specimens, 
 
 accompanied with the ripe gland.s, have now convinced me that 
 
 it is cither a distinct .species or another strange hyhrid; hut, as I 
 
 am hy no means satisfied of the existence of such spontaneous 
 
 mixed races among our Oaks, I have taken tlie liherty of giving 
 
 it as a species, and dedicating it to its discoverer, an ardent and 
 
 successful hotanist. I shall also tiike the liherty of adding a 
 
 quotation from Mr. Lea's notes, made on this plant and sent to 
 
 me with the specimens. 
 iv.-'J* 
 
2G 
 
 LEA'S OAK. 
 
 "The fruit rosoniblcs IMicIiMux's flu'iirc of Q. hiUroplniVa, hut 
 difli'vs in heiii.o; more ilopn'sscd and ol)tiiso at thi .«uininit. I'lu; 
 cups, I thiuk. arc alike. Tho loaves arc on loiiiivr petioles, imt 
 accord in being inclined to lie cordate at base. If it is a h\ brid, 
 it may have come from the Q. Iinhn'rarla, or (,K /lii'lurin, or (J. 
 (■iicc'nim. Tho fruit is too widely dillercnt from Q. ruhra. Tho 
 xdmiclcfi arc about the same leniith as in mv specimens of 
 
 ; 
 
 ^^pecnncns of (^. 
 ihrifiirlii ; in Michaux's fi,^urc of tliat species, the fruit is 
 
 represi'nted as nis)<i 
 
 i/f, which I think is wrong. The iict'mJi 
 
 1-1 an; 
 
 much lonucr than ui 
 
 0. 
 
 uiiiincdrni. 
 
 the leaves laruer and nion 
 
 obtuse at base. These modilications (if it is a hybrid) may Iw 
 derived from the long petioles and larger leaves of the Black 
 and Scarlet OaL-.s. 1 thiidt it does not partake of Qiirrcii-t 
 'jilnlloi, (Willow Oak.) a specieH that doc's not grow, to my 
 knowledge, within several hundred miles uf this plaei^, ((Jin- 
 cinnati.) 
 
 •I saw two individuals of (J. j>Jif/l(j-i in the IJartram ganl 
 
 en. 
 
 vhich Colitnel CaiT assured me were propagated from the seed 
 (if the original IJartram ( »:,k. Certainly our plant is vci'v like 
 Michanx's ligure; liiit. as that apjiears to be a hylirid of f,l. 
 jihilhis, I think they nnist be considered distinct. If uur.s be a 
 .ely comes I'rom Q. iinliricarl<( and ^i'. /iin/nrin, 
 
 livhrn 
 
 lit 
 
 nios 
 
 or '■'/•:cui( a. 
 
 1 have liiund b.it a sinule stoelv of thi>. (about five yeai's 
 
 It <; 
 
 rows three miles IK 
 
 ortli 
 
 (.'inciiniati."' 
 
 1 confess 1 .«je too little reseiid 
 
 ilanee i 
 
 n our plant with Q. 
 
 ■iitihf'nnria to n,rree with ni}' friend, Mr. T. (i. I^ea, as to any hy- 
 bri(i c nuKH'tion with that remotely-allied species, lietwixt tlu^ 
 Gray Oak (V. <(iiihi<jit<i, Mien.) and y. liiKforin I peret'lve a 
 nearer resemlilance. The fruit apj)ears to be wholly that of 
 the firay Oalc. Tho gland in iioth is striated, ami Avitb a small 
 conic proji'ction. In ou'. jilant. however, flic base of the gland 
 and that of the i-up are yellou', indicating its alliance to (,i. 
 
 tinclufiii. 
 
 Th 
 
 •rs wiiollv fnaii lioth in its simple uii- 
 
 '■'^ 
 
LEA'S OAK. 
 
 27 
 
 tlividod lobes, though tho long petiole and rounded Ijaso is that 
 oi'ttiir/orio. Scarce as tliis species yet appears to be, under tiio 
 ])resent circumstances, I am inclined to believe it of a distinct 
 race, with features as distinct ns any species in the genus; for 
 tlie (mi y Oalc, being, 1 believe, unknown in Ohio, is again out 
 of the r(uestion. 1 suspect it is in all physical respects allied to 
 tiii'lorln, and would eciually aflin-d a yellow dyelng-niaterial. 
 
 Tiie full-grown leaves are from live to five and a half inches 
 long iiy three to three and a half wide, sniootli and shining 
 above, with a snudl liui'utity of deciduous stellate pubescence 
 beneath. The lobes are ab-ut a single pair on a side: tiie 
 central lolie only' sometimes again subdivided into three lesser 
 lobes, all of tlieui endiiig ill bristles. Tlie base is rounded, and 
 ufU'ii hollowed out. o; somwhat siiuuiteil Tlie buds .ire small 
 am! brown. The fertile llower often by tlirees, ou a short, 
 thick, eonnnon pedicle, the nr 'die ll.iwer abortive. .Male 
 liowers .... not seen. Ciiiis raUier deep, as in Q. (iurfdnn, 
 with the scales ovate, o])tuse, and closely imbricated. The 
 acorn roundish, somewhat ovate, bi'oadly striate, with a short 
 roundish conic point or umbo about half-way, or nearly so, 
 ininiei'sed in the en[). 
 
 ]M,.\T1:: Y. (/-;.<.) 
 A lifdiirhitf (hx iwtiinilxizc ii-'tlh J'fiiit. (I. .."<■ ciqi. Ii. Th: ijl'iml. 
 
 Tiie Wu.Low Oak appears to he very nearly allied to the 
 ('lu>ter-K'aved Oak of New Spain, {<Jii< itii^ rui,f< ilijlom.) liginvd 
 and deserihed by Uiiiuiioldt and IJoniiland; but in that. lhoiii;h 
 otherwise so very (similar, the leaves are hairy beneath, while 
 ours are pcrlecti_\' smooth. 
 
 The Wu.i.ow O.VK i.-. found as far west as (he hanks of the 
 Arkansas and several of its branches. 
 
28 
 
 OBSERVATIONS ON THE OAKS. 
 
 Live Oak, {Qncnm/i v!n)if>.) Tret'H ncir Mrignolia, in West 
 Florida, occur of eight to nine feet diameter: it consequently 
 aflbrds large tindxn". Great quantities of this -wood are now 
 brought from the coast of West Florida. According to Wm. 
 Eartram, the Live Oaks on the St. Jolm's in East Florida arc 
 from twelve to eighteen feet in circumference; the trunk there 
 rises only from twelve to twenty feet, when it throws out three 
 to five large limbs, which continue to grow in nearly a horizontal 
 direction, each limb forming a gentle curve from its base to its 
 extremity, [Biiiiramfi Tnirdu, p. 8');) and he adds, '•! have 
 stepped above fifty paces on a line from the trunk of one of 
 +hese trees to the extremity of the branches." The wood is 
 almost incorruptible, even in the open air. The acorn is small, 
 agreeable to the taste when roasted, and in this state they are 
 eaten by the aborigines as we do chestnuts. 
 
 Stately avenues are formed of the Live Oak in South Carolina 
 and Georgia, which, robed in Long JIoss, put on an air of 
 sombre grandeur and M-ildnes.s. 
 
 In addition to the geographical limits of the Oaks, I niiiy add 
 that, according to the oljservations of Emerson, the liui-l- Chrst- 
 Hiit Onk [Q}iernis montuna, Wii.i.D.) occurs in many parts of 
 jMa,«sachusetts; he lias also found the Yclloin Oak (Q. ntsldnni, 
 Wii.i.D.) about Agameuticus JVIountain in York, i'NIaine. "It is 
 also found at Saco, in Maine, twenty-five miles farther north."' 
 The Black Oul- {Q. t:n<-t<iri<i) "is found in York county, Maine. 
 Q. pdJii-sfrls (Pin Onk) is ven/ rare in Massachusetts.'' Mr. 
 Emerson also corroborates my own observations concerning the 
 prevalence of the Ihsl Oak on the islantl of Martha's \'ineyard, 
 and adds that '"it hardly exceeds twenty inches in diameter 
 and thirty feet in height," which is a (.'ircumstance I had over- 
 looked, its prevailing character there being that of a shrub. 
 
 The Oakx, though a very extensive genus, are confined to the 
 Northern Lcmi.sphere. Besides the numerous species which 
 
OBSERVATIONS ON THE OAKS. iiO 
 
 l)orviHlo tlic United States, (sixteen were discovered by Nee in 
 Me.\ico and New Spiiiii, one of wliicli, the Q. (ir/r!/ijli'ii, is found 
 in iJjJiR-. Ctdifoniia; twei'ty-oiie species were added to the 
 Flora of North America 1)y Ilnndjoldt and r.onphind, found 
 also in New Spain; four species were discovered in Japan by 
 Thunberg; two in China by Bunge; one in Cochin China, and 
 one in the island of Formosa; two very reniarl^able species, 
 with lanceolate entire leaves and very long spikes of llowers, 
 lilce those of a Chestnnt, were met with in Nei)aul by Wallii'h; 
 six other species likewise exist in that portion of India; Europe, 
 chiefly the southern part, Northern Africa, and Armenia, aflbnl 
 about twenty-! ight species and several varieties; Java, Sumatra, 
 and the Molucca Islands, also produce ninetiiii sjiecies. Thus 
 it ajipears, of the whole nuinl)er, according to the eiunneratiou 
 of Willdenow and more recent il' ivories, the Old Worhl 
 contains sixty-three species, and Nortu Aiii-rica, including New 
 Spain, about seventy-four. Of these the United Stati.s posse.ss 
 about thirty-seven, and New Spain the same numbi r. To these 
 I may also add an additional species fnim the ishiml 'I" Cuba, 
 nearly allied to our Southern Gray Oak, {Q.flin rai :) this 1 pro- 
 pose to call, after its discoverer, M. La Sagra, 
 
 QuKiiCus Sagk.kaxa. FiiVn-i ]>crcnnantiljii.s ohl<iii</(H:Uijitlvi^ 
 <,lHvnlin(jU(', 'uifci/r!>i h. mihlohnt'iH hrccl jK'Hohdw ohtitma nlthlis 
 inuniine trmliitis niihliis totiu nloxi-i iifrrdni.s nu/ialliii/lx, fiiutiliiit 
 liiiiis prdiir//is Incro-ssdtix, ciijnihi Ju inl-^iilio rira. srjHinins (iji/in.>i>^hi, 
 wr (irala. 
 
 This species apparently liu'ms a tree. The b>aves are broadn 
 than those of the Gray Oak, of a thick and rigid textmv. an<l 
 are strongly veined both above and beneath ; they are al)out 
 two and one-third inches lon^;- and about one inch wide. 
 
 Atl'tit'iiiiKi' Ohsirrnlidtts. In density and hardness tlit> Live 
 Oak nuich exceeds every other species of the genus hitherto 
 examined. At first glance, and aided by its great weight, it 
 
;.( 
 
 .'10 
 
 A I) ]) I T I O N A L () B S E 11 V A T T N S. 
 
 aj)pears almost like Li,i;iuiin-\'it:v. Tlio sap-wood is ui' a pah; 
 lirowiiisli-yi'llow, the perluot wood of a pale cliestmU-hrdwii, and 
 till' fxtreinely ilnc sawdtif^l almost as bright a brown ns tiiiit 
 I'rom mahogany. Growing in a climate .subject to small c' Migcs 
 ol' teiiijicrature. and licing evergreen, the woody circles of a. '.ual 
 inerenienl aie very I'aint and obscurely marked, wliieh adds to 
 tlie common density of the fibres. These rings, on young trees, 
 ^■ary from one to two lines in wiil'i, but in the older wood they 
 are much narrower. One of the most striking features of thi.s 
 wood, however, is the distinctness of the medullary rays, which 
 traverse in strong and i)ale lines the faint waves of the annual 
 incriiiunts. For the first forty (;'.' fifty years, tiie Live (lak 
 appears to increase! in the bullc of its trunk as fast as our AVhite 
 <):ik ; Ijiit after that jieriod the growth is nuicli more slow; still, 
 t'.ie densit}- oi' its wood is so great, that, thrcugh a strong mag- 
 nifier, the pores and vessels are barely visible. In the ruited 
 States Navy Yard, in this place, I have measured a squared log 
 of Live Oak, thirty-two fe(>t long, which -probalily li rmed the 
 trunk of a tree not less than llfty to sixty feet in height. The 
 present \alue of moulded Live Oak varies from $1.'JII to SI., 'Id 
 and .^l.l I [)er cuiiic foot. Promiscuous unprefiared logs sell 
 from !?L-U to 9S cnits an<l SI the cubic foot. Some very choice; 
 tiudicr sells as high as ijl.n."). This valuable timber has l>een 
 em[)loyed in the United States na\y between fifty and sixty 
 jears. 
 
 Little is jet known respecting tlie southern limits of Ibis 
 species of Oak, though there can be little doubt that it con- 
 (iinu's along the borders of the Mexican Oidf to Yucatan. Dr. 
 liurrnughs inliirms me that it ■- said to Ih' llauid growing on 
 the banks of the Alvarado Iviver, about seventy-five miles south 
 of A'era Cruz. 1 am also infoiiued of the existence of tlie Tave 
 Oak near Matagoi-da in Texas. 
 
 It is stated in a late Texiiu pM[)er that an i'luglisb company 
 have recently landed on the IJrazos, in the neighborhood of 
 
 
ADDITIONAL I! S E R V A T IONS. 
 
 ]5ra/oria, for tlio iiurpnsc of gcttiiijr out Live Oak. TIk^j iU'o 
 8aiil to liave contracted witli the English Governniont to tlcliver 
 two millions of ciiliic feet. Th« country about IJra/oria i:^ 
 luadcil with enormous trees, some of them castin,;^ a shade of 
 one Iiundred and fd'ty feet in diameter. The Live Oak extends 
 into Texas at least one hundred and lll'ty miles, according U) the 
 ol)servations of Dr. Casper Wister, Jr., of Germantown, Pa. 
 
 John Lenthall, Es(j., United States Naval C'onstruLtor, ha. 
 favored mo with the following remarlvs concerning the timber 
 used in the United States navy. 
 
 The frames and principal [)ieces are all of Live Oak; and tiu^ 
 frames of several of our .ships that were cut I'rom the islands of 
 Georgia and on the coast, thirty years since, are still in an 
 excellent condition, though in some ships, in \vhieh the timlxu' 
 was cut inland, the result i.s not so favoraljle. The weight of a 
 cubic loot varies from seventy-three to seventy-eight pounds. 
 This timber is peculiarly adapted to ship-building, and is 
 scarcely lit ibr any thing else, being short and eroola'd, so that 
 the timbers are rarely grain-cut. 
 
 The White Oak, usi'd almost exclusively for plaids, is cut froi.' 
 the seabiKird of the Middle States, and is e<(u;d to the be^ c 
 English or foreign tindjer. Tin- Ued Oak is never useil. The 
 Oak from Canada is tliat wiiieh ha: , 'uerally been irtrodiiced 
 into Englan<l, and from it a very erroneous opinion has been 
 fornu'd with regard to the Oak timl)er of the United States, for 
 the Northern tindjor is nuich ini'erior to that from the Soutliern 
 States, and is never usi'd. A cubic foot of unseasoned White; 
 Oak weighs from lifty-eight to sixty pounds, and when wasoned, 
 forty-seven to forty-nine iiounds. White Oak tind)er is often 
 brought from the Lakes and used for keels and bottom-planks; 
 but for upper works that from thi' Delaware and Chesapeake 
 I5ay is preferred, bein ■ inueli stronger and mow durable. Tliiti 
 Lake tiudjer is princi) ..ly to 1k' founil at New York. 
 
 From the l)ebi,,.ii'<' River and Ciiesapeake Hay large ipiini- 
 
 
 i' 
 
'.VI A D D I T H) N A L OBSERVATION S. 
 
 titles of White Oiiiv iiro liivowiso shipped for the Eiistern States, 
 of which tlie hetter class of ships arc built. A great deal of 
 I'iiie tiiuher is also shipped from thence for the same purpose. 
 
 The Quercitron is the hark of the Qiirrcu-i tlnr'-triu, h'ccd from 
 the ei)idcrmis. Besides tannin, it contains a yellow coloring- 
 matter, which nui}' l)e extracted by water, and which, on evapo- 
 ration, yields a pecvdiar extract to the amount of eight per cent, 
 of the hark employed. The tannin belongs to that variety 
 which ])recipitates iron of a green color. This tannin is very 
 injurious to the color, because it is precipitated by the same 
 reagents with the color, and imparts to it a brownish tint. To 
 obtain the coloring-matter free from it, a bladder softened in 
 water, and cut into small pieces, freed from all the parts which 
 are solulile in water, is api)lied to the infusion of the Quercitron 
 bark, which takes up the tannin; or it may be precipitated by a 
 solution of isinglass. 
 
 According to Chevreul, the coloilng-nuitter wiiich he calls 
 ((uercltrin, although not a slmi)le sul)stance, is obtained by cau- 
 tiously concentrating an infusion of (iuercltron. A crystalline 
 substance then precl[)ltates, which, while yet in suspension iu 
 the li(piid, imparts to it a pearly a})[)earance. It exhibits a. 
 slight acid reaction by curcuma-paper. It is slightly soluble in 
 t'ther, but more comi)letely so in alcohol. Water dissolves it; 
 and lli(> solutupn becomes orange-yellow by the addition of alkali. 
 The acetate of U'ad and of copper, as well as the protochlorid(! 
 of tin, precipitate it in yellow Hakes. Sul[)liate of the peroxide 
 of iron colors it at f'" a olive-green, and then causes a precipitate. 
 .Suli)liuric acid dissolves (jnercitrin, and the greenish-orange 
 colored solution becouies cloudy by the aildltion of water. By 
 dry distillation it yields, among other products, a liquid which 
 soon crystallizes, the crystals possessuig all the properties of 
 (piercitrin. 
 
 In the dyeing-establishments the clear yellow color is obtained 
 
A I) I) I T I < ) N A L < ) 1! S R R V A T I N S. '■)'■'< 
 
 by proripitating tlic tannin by meuns of a soliiti'm oC gluo or 
 biittcrniilk; tlio coloring-matter then .vmaining in the solution 
 is mixed with the solution of alum anil i.avbonato of potash, by 
 which it is precipitated of a yellow eolo)' in combination with 
 the alumina. Protochloride ol' tin also pMxluces with it a strong 
 yellow precipitate. 
 
 QuEUCUS RUI3U.V? The largest Ued Oak in North America, 
 say.s a correspondent of the Natchitoches Herald, can be seen 
 on the plantation of W. Smith, Esq., eightee i miles from Natchi- 
 toches, on the roiul loading to Opelousas. Thi.s majestic Oak 
 stands in the midst of a ricii and lieavy bottom, on the Biiyou 
 St. Barb. Two feet from the ground it measures /"fl,'/-/'""' 
 feet in circumference, and at six feet, /fiirf;/-fin, feet. The trunk 
 api)ears sound and healthy, and its height, fu //n hnui(li<-'', is 
 from fifty to sixty feet. 
 
 From Dr. G. Engelmann, of St. Louis, I learn that the Wlilte 
 Oak [lliilhii) and the Uock Chestnut Oak {Q. iiion/'UKi. Wim.d.) 
 ■ grow in that vicinity, where there are two varieties of (.ich with 
 sessile and with pedunculated fruit, in thi.. respect agreeing with 
 the iiro varieties of the English Oak, {Q. rul,iir.) which have 
 been considered as two species, lie also iulurms me that the 
 Chimpiepin Oak ((.A j)ri,'nlth>% Wii.i.i). ; Q. prhmy rlinicijihi. 
 Mich. Sylva, t. 11) grows connnonly in Southwestern Missouri. 
 lie also adds, that the Spanish Oak {Q. fulnifd) he has only 
 seen in the southern extremity of Missouri; and that t lO Water 
 Oak {Q- iK/iiiilii'ii) grows no nearer to him than the banks of 
 the Arkansas. 
 
 The Sweet Onm Tree {Lii/iiiildmlxir ■'<ti/nif!jfna) he saw on 
 
 the borders of the Wabash ; it grows also ir Southern Missouri. 
 
 and all through Arkansas to the province of Texas; but lu' has 
 
 not seen it throngli the greater |)art of Missouri and Illinois. 
 
 The Black flum Tree. {A>.s., ,inill!jl,>,;i, Walt. N., Sijlml'ini, 
 
 Vol.. IV.-:! 
 
84 
 
 ADDITION A L O B S E R V A T IONS. 
 
 Micii. Sylva, t. 110,) acconling to Dr. Engeliuann, is common 
 in tlie souiliern piu•t^ of Mis.souri. 
 
 The Wiilioo Elm {Ulinm ahda) I'r. Engelmann finds as far 
 north in Missouri as the vicinity of Herculaneum. 
 
 Aroimd Cape Girardeau, one hundred and fifty miles south of 
 St. Louis, he also observes the Tulip Tree, {Llrld'kndron.) 
 
 Ik'cch Trees, the doctor informs me, he has not seen west of 
 the Wal)ash, except near Cape Girardeau : they grow associated 
 with Pines in Western Louisiana, and I have seen them in the 
 forests which border the Arkansas. 
 
CHESTNUT. 
 
 Natural Order, Amkxtack.K, (.Tuss.) L'ninaan Cla^^iJkntUm, 
 
 M0N(ECIA, l*(lI,VANI)lilA. 
 
 CASTAXEA.* (Toi-iiNKFoRT.) 
 
 PoLYdAJirs. Tlic rmlc amoiit doiii^'iitcd, coiiiim-ed of numorous 
 iiitcrniptea clusters of flowers, with a iivo or six-parted iH'riiiiitli. 
 Stamens ten to twenty. Fcni'dc flowers iibout three in an ovoid 
 murieate valvular involucrum. Perianth nrceolate, 5 or G-eleft, 
 havin,!,' rudiments of abortive stamens. The ovary ineorpcirated 
 witli the perianth, the stii^nia pi'iieillate, exserted, its divisions 
 rigid and pungent. Nuts one to three, inehuled in the enlarging 
 ecliinate, 4-cleft involucrum. 
 
 Tliesc arc trees or shrubs of temiterate Europe and Xortli Ame- 
 rica, with alternate, stiiiulate, nmcroiialeiy-serraled leaves, and very 
 long, axilhuy ainents. Xuts farimiceous, edil^le. 
 
 * Si) iiumoil from Cushiiicn, a town of Tho^siily, near llie rivur fcni-us, wIuto 
 lar'u Cliostnut Troos are still louml. 
 
 85 
 
DWARF CITESTXUT. 
 
 Castaxka Ai.N'iroijA. Dijirr.^sii, fuliis ulinvitlis sHhaenlin, nini'i'iiiinlii. 
 
 Si ri'dlis snhciHitlis jiiiiiurlhii.-i siili/iis iiahisiuntiliits, innculis JiliJ'iinnil/K" 
 
 suliliin'i" liynH'i)to!<is, 
 fl I'uiiK.scKXS. FoU'is liri riiiriliiis, kiIhIiI^ suliins pKUscais, 
 Ciialuiica nlnlfuliit, Nutt., (ion. Am., vnl. ii. ]i. 217. 
 C'lisi'dua iiiiiui, Elliott, Kk.. vd. ii. i>. til"i, (not of Mulil.) 
 I'(ii/i(s j}aiii'l(i, \ar. prdi'ii.r, AVaitur, CaiMliii., ]>. •S->-'>. 
 
 A SPECIKS roiniirkaijlc liir its (Iwurl' jiniwtli, aiul iiisorttit only 
 to coiiiiik'te the history ol" the gLMiiis. It nu'uly oxcced.s ii iiioL 
 in hi'iglit, gi'owiug in >iinM patches, with civcpiiig routs. 1 
 th'st met with the variet}- ,:; in the vicinity ofMJhaileston, South 
 Cai'oHna; al'lerwaid the suKjother l\ind, much more ahimilaiit. 
 
 II 
 
 UKl 111 lluwer 111 llie iikji 
 
 th. 
 
 nth of March, round Talhihassee, in 
 
 West FU)rida. 
 
 Tiie FloriiUaii plant is scarcely a loot in height, with siiiooth, 
 l)ur[)lisli-gray branchlets; the leaves obovate, on very short 
 petioles, deeply serrate, obtuse or acute, elliiitic-ol)ovate; wiicn 
 }ouiig, whitish })ubesceiit; the adult almost perl'ectly smooth 
 on both surl'aces; about three inches long by one inch or more 
 wide. Stipules subulate, rather persistent. Mule ameiits soli- 
 tary, long, and liliibrnv, tomento.se. The fruit I have not seen. 
 
 The Charleston jjlant grows in sandy pine-barrens, and the 
 nut, which is solitary, is said by Elliott to be much larger, but 
 less abundant, than in the other native species. This plant 
 rarely exceeils two feet in height. Its leaves are glossy above, 
 pubescent, but not tomentosc, beneath. Fertile llowers one to 
 three ir an iiivolucrum, only one i)erfected. 
 
 The wood of the Chiiirpiepin, (C. pniiiHn,) whenever it can 
 be obtained large enough for ])osts, is much valued, as it is sup- 
 
■ 
 
 uu 
 
 r.'istnncii alitilolwi. 
 
(iO L D E N - L E A V E I) CUEii T >.' U T. 
 
 87 
 
 posfd to ln! moru tluniliU' wlicii (.■xpo.seJ to tliu \V(.'ather lluui 
 any ollii r timljur (.'.\oc[)t the lied Ccdtir. — Eli.iott. 
 
 I'LATE VI. 
 
 A linuirh vf (lic. iiutund !•(<•'. 
 
 GOLDEX-LEAYED CHESTNUT. 
 
 Ca.^tanea CHUYSoniYLLA, (Doiigl. Mss.) Fol'ds senqtcrcircntil'ii-s lalo- 
 bnifiiilaUs ariimtmil-i firm-tis lulifiirrhiik (jlabrts sul)lus aurco-farinosi^. 
 Hook., Flor. Bor. Am., vol. ii. p. I'V.t. 
 
 ArcoRDiXG to Douglas, tliis is a splendid cvorgivon troo, 
 viiryiiig ill height from twenty to seventy I'eet, with leave.s 
 lour to five inches long, deep green iilwve, (iml Ijelow ol' a lich 
 golden yellow. These leaves are. also, U'ery diHereiic iVom all 
 the rest of the genus) (piite entire. 'J'lie spikes or catkins of 
 llie llowers searoely exceed an incii in length, including the 
 peduncle, and they are solitary in the axils of the upper leaves. 
 Sonietinies all the llowers on a catkin are nnile; soiiietiines tiie 
 two or three lower llowers are feiiiaL-. Tl:e fruits are two or 
 three, crowded ov densely covered with acicular prickles. Said 
 to he common at tiie (hand Rapids of the Coluiuhia, ("ai)e 
 Orfoid, and near Mount Hood; constantly allccting the hills. 
 Tills siiecies rests wholly on the authority of Douglas, I did 
 not meet witii it, nor does it apiiear tliat any specimens were 
 sent to Knghmd. It will ])rohalily prove to he bonie very dif- 
 ferent genus to tlnvt oi' the present. 
 
 Aihlitiiiinil ()/)■« n-dli^'iix. In regard to the Western range of 
 our forest trees. Dr. KngeliDann iulbrms me, hy letter, that. 
 
88 
 
 A D D 1 T 1 N A L B S E R V A T I X S. 
 
 tliougli the Chostnnt {Caxtanca Atncrimna) does not grow in 
 the imiueiliate vallev of tlic Mii^slssippi, it still reappears again 
 in Southwestorri Missouri and the northwestern portion of Ar- 
 kansas, where is also found the Loeust Tree, [lioblnia pwu<l- 
 ocacia.) 
 
 Chestnut Tkee, [Castanca Amcrlmim.) The wood of this 
 tree is capable of receiving a fine polish, and well-selected 
 pieces present waves and feathered figures of considerable 
 beauty and variety, the more striking as they are s(;en with 
 great distinctness through a pale and light ground. Furniture 
 of this kind may be seen at Mr. Grout's cabinet-warehouse in 
 riiiladelphia. 
 
 X 
 
 
 M 
 
 1)1 
 
B I R C II. 
 
 Xi'lnnil Onhr, Betuline.t:, (Richard.) Lhimmn Clasnifitxdloii, 
 
 MONCECIA, POLYAXDIUA. 
 
 BETULA.* (Linn.) 
 
 Mule ilmvors in Ioiiet, oyliiulric lunonts. BcaloH in a double siorios, 
 the inner liy tlireos, l-floworod ; stnrnons six tn twolvo. Fciiidh: 
 flowers witli ovoid or oval aments; tlio scales trilid, 1 to ;!- 
 flowered. Sli/lcs two. Nulfi minnte, cmnpressed, 1-secdcd, edged 
 with ail ahited, tliiii margin. 
 
 Trees or slirnlts of the colder parts of the northern heinisiihero 
 on holh continents, with the hark often exfoliating in thin, cin'ular 
 j.hiles. Leaves alternate, ovate, or deltoid, serrated; iirodm-ing sti- 
 jmles; aments axillary. 
 
 * Supposed to bo Jciivrcl frum H'ln, llio Cultie nuiiu; I'lr tlio liiich 
 
 no 
 
WESTERN BIRCH. 
 
 iliTULA OCrilJKNTALIS 
 
 7i 
 
 ('ii)iix ri'-^'no.'<ii-ir)'r>ii'o.-'is 
 
 fnli'i.-i htio rh'iiiihic- 
 
 rolis siibl(>liiiti.<i vicm-serrnl'S hh:^iilid).-i, suhfu-t pullnli'itriln'.'' imufhith 
 
 vcrv'tx rrni'ilii, mm ulis fiiiiliH'if' hiln-i-ijliiiilnic 
 
 ?'/'/ 
 
 lnh'is IdhrilU' 
 
 ')i(s oralis iiili n/indo hnKjcirL 
 
 Betula oirldathilU. IIuOK., Flor. Bor. Am., vol. ii. }>. l')'>. 
 
 This low species of Bircli, only six to ten feet liiiili, was first 
 observed westward near the sources of the Sweet Water, a 
 northern branch of the Platte, and where it penetrates into the 
 first range of the Roeky Mountains. On the h(jrders of this 
 clear stream, diminished to a small, purling brook, and accom- 
 panied by clumps of willows, we first saw it growing. Accord- 
 ing to Dnnnmond, it occurs on the east side of the Kocky 
 Mountains down to Edmonton House. Douglas fotnid it near 
 springs on the west side of the lioeky Mountains; and Dr. 
 Scouler met with it in Oregon, near to the Straits of Juan do 
 Fuca; it also grows near Walla- Walla, and continues up the 
 Oregon to the country of the Flatheads. 
 
 The principal branches are erect and somewhat virgate, 
 clothed with a bright brown bark, copiously sjirinkled with 
 small resinous warts, so as to render the branches rough to the 
 touch. The leaves are somewhat deltoid, or rho.nboidly-ovate, 
 on siiortish petioles, in my si)ecimens acute, but not acuminate, 
 sharply and somewhat uuecpially serrated, r.nd very !-iiglitly 
 lobcd; above, .somewhat glutinous, with vcy few iiinuatcd 
 nerves; lielow, paler; the midrib and nerves sprinkled with 
 a few long hiisute hairs, which are also seen aix)ve, on, and 
 near the petiole. The leaves, in (lowering specimens, are only 
 about one and a half inches long by an inch wide. (The adult 
 leaves described by Hooker are much larger, two to two and a, 
 40 
 
//- 
 
 li- 
 
 te. 
 
 itii 
 
 "y 
 lilt 
 
I'lAII. 
 
 Ill >l till Hi nil 
 
 I'li-I iil.'i .icciilciitiili." 
 
 Ii,.nl,„n ,.,, I, /././„/ 
 
i 
 
ri.viii. 
 
 Iit'lnla rlh)inl)iliili;i . 
 
 "iiil l,;niil Hirrli. li,iiili:Vi .i I'lilll, ■ •■\iil< 
 
ovat.-i.i:avki) niii(;ii. 
 
 41 
 
 l,;,lf inclK'S l..n^'.) The aiuoi.ts are .■ylindric, in tlio Btami- 
 luferous plant, .•..nu...s.Ml ..f a .loul.le scries of scales. Female 
 an.ents iH-.lunoulate.l, eylin.lrie, at le.i-th .Iroopinj:, often ae- 
 cou.paniea l.y a very small leaf at tl>e base; the scales tr.lwl 
 a.,.1 .lilate.1, stron^ily ciliated, tl>c lateral lobes ovat.-, the 
 central one nearly linear an.l lon-er; three g.^rn^s beneath 
 each scale. Nnts broadly winged. Styles two, very long an.l 
 Mibidate; snnnnit ol" the germ iiubescent. 
 
 Th.' trnnk of this species is only a few inches in diameter, so 
 that it scarcely ranks with proper trees. The leaves are bitter 
 to the taste. 
 
 PLATE VII. 
 A bruwh '/ tk naluml .•)!:<: c Th: .'-■cal-ir.w.l. 
 
 OYAL-LEAAa^D BIRCH. 
 
 ,.,;,i;i.ns, rir .n-.th, '/ro.x,. .nrali^, sM,s ,>.,li;d;.nh><s ci„wrMls; rnu.-< 
 julosivsmlii a„uvi;, Jnnhuis n/Undrucd,, sqnmnl^ MparlUls ylabnu.- 
 cidia I'jbis ucatiy, latcrulibus bnribiis. 
 
 Tins is a still more Innnble shrnl) than the preceding, which 
 it somewhat resend.les. It grows in the c.'utral Kocky Moun- 
 tain range, and continnes more or less to the banks o)" the 
 Orcffoii. It is spreading and somewhat decnmbenl. with slender 
 brown twigs, wdiich, when young, are more or less covered with 
 resinous atoms. The leaves, with their pi'tioles, which are tw., 
 or three lines, are not more than an inch long by half an inch 
 wide, oval, and somewhat rhombic, deeply, sharply, and almost 
 eciually serrate, rounded, but still generally acute, smooth 
 
 IV.— ^j* 
 
1:2 OBSEl! V A 'I' I(»N t^ oN T 11 F, 15 I K (' H. 
 
 iibovi", pnlcr lu'ncatli. with ii wry ll'W distant ncrvos, noinowliiit 
 hairy along thtir margins Ijenfutli. External .scalu8 of tliu 
 uial',' anu'nt.-; ovatu ami ciliatc ^'tanicns abont six. Female 
 anicnts witli nearly smooth, dt'oply ;!-)mrte<l .soales. of wliicli 
 llic criura! division is tliu longest. 1 have not .H'en the rijie 
 fruit. 
 
 l'L.\TE VI II. 
 
 A I, raiir/i </ ll':iiiiliiral .-'':, . c. 77m ,-t'((/-r(.w/. 
 
 Oljticn-iif'cjii!^. On the snniinit n the White .Moinitains of 
 New Ilfinipshire grows the Iktnlu I'lti^a of Europe, fouml there 
 hy Jlr. ()akes as well as myself. 
 
 Dr. Charles richeruig also collected u specimen on tho.fe 
 mountains, which appears to he the Ji/ii/<i fniliamt of Pallas, 
 first found in Siiieria. 
 
 In the Kocky Mountains, besides the .'wo species now de- 
 scribed, we met with the Jy/n'" <jl<nn/iiln.:<(i, whicli is also I'ouud 
 on the higii mountains of the United .^latcs. 
 
 CuNoE Ijiiicit, or rAi'Kic ]^Ulcn. (B lulu jin/ii/rann.) Tl is 
 very useful species of Dirch t(.i the aborigines of the North is 
 found, .'..cording to the obsfrvatioiis uf Dr. Kichurd.son, as far as 
 tli'' O-Jth degree- of latitude. 
 
 Whiti: i'litrn, {Iklnln ji',j:'ili/<>/iti.) Hooker very justly re- 
 marks the near allinily which this species kvtrs to the conniioi! 
 Eurojiean Ulrcli, (/>*. (il/m.) The general aspect i.-^ the same. 
 In our plant, liowevi'r, the haves have hinger acuminated points 
 and smaller fertile catkins. The scale of the same catkin in 
 our.s in also comjjaratively smaller .and shorter-clawed, with the 
 miildlc lobe acuti' and much smallei' than the lateral lobes; 
 whereas, in the Euro[iean Birch, the lubes ai'e nearly all ecpial 
 :ind o]]t\ise. 
 
.liicli 
 ; ripe 
 
 V- ,!, 
 
 A L D E 11 S. 
 
 Nidiinti OiiJ'i; Ami:ntac?;.K, (Jiiss.) JJnHfinii CI(IkkIj'u<(Iioii, 
 Moxijxi.v, Tktka ndui a. 
 
 (Jiixi's AIA'L'S. (TouKNKniKT, 1)i:candoli,k.) 
 
 CiiAUACTKii. The flowers arc mnim:cious, (or of two dilU'roiit kinds 
 on tlic sanie pliuit,) disposeil in catkins, (or cylindrio spikes ot' 
 shiii't <liiration ;) tlioso prodm-ini; tlio stamens aru loni; and cyliii- 
 di'lc; lliiwe of tiic frnit or seed arc ovoid or i^lobular, prodnceil 
 upon liraiM-liinii; peduncles. The scales of the mak flower are pedi- 
 I rllateii, and in the form of an inverted heart, bearing beneatii 
 ea<h three lesser scales; the proper flowers are situated at the base, 
 of each of these, and are composed of a cn]i with four lolics and 
 four stair.ens. The scales of the fruitini;' catkins are wcdi^e-shaped, 
 lianl, and jiersistent. The o\'ury is co!n[ircs^(Ml, and bears two 
 lonj; stiunias. The envelop of the seed is hard, with a border 
 which is either thick or meinbramiceous, and jiresents two celLs 
 w it); two seeds: the ovules in the iccrni arc about four, or two in ti 
 cell, three of them usually ahnrlive. 
 
 The jihiiits ol" tliis small ifcnus, conline<l to the ti^mperate or colder 
 parts of Kurojie and North America, are eillicr shrubs (ir trei s, with 
 deciduous leaves, ifencrally growinjr i>y streams, or in cool and humid 
 jilaces. As trees, they neldoni attain a greater elevation than thirty 
 to forty feet; the wood is hard and yellowish, becoming of a brown- 
 isli red, nearly like mahogany, when exposed to the air, and capable 
 of acijuiring a line poli.-h. Wlien stiiined Idack, it resembles ebony; 
 and it is capable of enduring moisture for a great length of time. 
 
41 ORE GUN ALDER. 
 
 The Aldi'i-s may lie (li\iilt'(l info tlic two followiiig soi'lioiis: in 
 Imth llio [ludunclos arc siiliiliviili'd. 
 
 § I. The niLil-ri.ssd furni.-ihid with a in< iidirdiKUYouH iriiif/d ii'unj'ii, and 
 ictlh the «•((/( ,s of Iht JlrHli: umad nlaac or vb.'-vunlj IuIh<I. 
 
 'J'lie Wliito AWor, {Ahins iiiraiin.) 
 Thu Oivgou Alder, {Alnii.i Orajuim.) 
 The lleart-loavud Alde'r, (Alnii.s nifdalii.) 
 Mountain Alder, {Alnus riridis.) 
 
 ^ LI. 'J'ht iiMi'ijiii iif llic dccd-i'cssit Ihiek uml n/i'i'iid, <iiid icith tlu 6iuLd fj 
 Ihi: fruiting umcnt dislindlj lubid. 
 
 Common Alder, [Alnns </l>itinom.) 
 Fine-toothed Alder, [AlniLs acrndaln.) 
 iSea-side Alder, [Alinis iiKiritliiKi.) 
 Oljlon^'-leavi'il Alder, [Alini.^ ohloiii/'tln.j 
 yiiort-leaved Alder, {AhuL-i hnrijuliti.) 
 Khundiie-lea\ed Alder, {Alnii.s rhuidiifvliit.) 
 
 § I. Frnii (.tliili.il. 
 
 OREGON ALDER. 
 
 Ai.N'ts ()iu:iiuXA. Fuliis hilii-orali.i iilriiiijUi firni;.--, ihiptii-nlu-n, rr<itix jmil- 
 m-itiiix iiliil(i,iisi.~\ roii.s i<Hh/)iS j)iil)(.<i\n(iliii-^ jiid/iili.s ; .^lijudi.s olil'iinjis 
 iliriililis i/ldliifixi.", riiliiilUs f/ldhris. 
 
 Alnus //^(?(»'..SY/. 1'l'R.sii, Flor. J5or. Am., vul. ii. p. (ij:!, (in jiari.) 
 
 This tree, liko the Coimmm Aider of Europo. attains tin- 
 Iiei;^lit of tljjrty or I'orty I'ec't. with an oroct, i^mooth trunk of 
 Hinall (liaiiK^ter, Hiif' nxMi o',' wliicli is very Hiniilar to tiiat oftlie 
 Kwojjcau spooios, uu6 »«;iglit. no donljl. he (nnployed liii' the saine 
 purpow-'H : it if, IwWf**'', lijiliter in color, but of a elose -'-uiu. 
 
1 
 
I'l. IK 
 
 ihrtfiift JfJi* 
 
 AlllllK (l|'ruu||;i 
 
 inHi (/.' / ('nyi'tt 
 
4^ 
 
 
urti:G()N ALDER. 
 
 45 
 
 As nil oi'iiiuiu'iitiil tree, it is wci! wortii iitlciiiioii, jiroducing 
 ail clcjiiiiit orect top. mid Mlloniiiii;- coiisiilerablo t^liadt' by tlio 
 Uiryenoss of its leaves, wiiioli arc about three iiiclios long by 
 two and a half wide. AVe I'ound it, as usual with the jilaiit.s of 
 this geiiu.s, growing along tiu' liorders of small, clear brooks, 
 near the conllueiice of the Walihiniel. but seldoiii, if ever, on 
 llic Icmks ol'tlio larger streams which are siiliject to inundation. 
 Ill (jur progress to the West, wo first observed this tree on the 
 borders of the rivers IJoisee and Hrulee, which pass into tlie 
 Shoshonee not far from Walla- Walla, and at intervals it con- 
 tinues more or less coniiiion to I'oint Chinhook, near the shores 
 of the Pacific. 
 
 The twigs arc smooth and of a brown color, and the young 
 buds of every kind resinous, as well as the upinn' surface of the 
 yt)iinger leaves; beneath, the leaves arc more or less pubescent, 
 particularly along the veins, and jialcr and often somewhat 
 ferruginous. The veins are very strongly marked and pro 
 niinent beneath, the tei'th large, but the denticulatioiis luiiiiite 
 and glandular at the points. Sometimes the leaves are elli])tic- 
 ovate, the stalks about the third of an inch long. The stipules 
 are resinous, and dis;ip[)ear with the evolution of the bud. The 
 fruiting anient is romidisli-ovoid, and very similar to th.it of 
 the Common Alder. 
 
 This species is nearly allied to the Wiiitc Alder {Afini.'< in- 
 (■(iiKi.) Iiut diifers sullicieiitly in its buds. ])ranc'lilets. sti]iul('s. and 
 li'aves; in both the fruit is jirovidtd, as in the IJiich. with a 
 translucent, meiubranous wing. It ajipears, likewise, to ha\e a 
 consideraiilc alllnity to A. anntiimtUt of llumljoldt and IJonpland, 
 a tree of Peru, discovered by Dombey, but in tluit species the 
 lea\'es are more lanceolate than ovate and acuminate, 
 
 Ik'sides the other economical uses for which tlic wood of tlie 
 Alder is employed, the knots furnish a iieaulifiilly-\cined wood 
 for cabinets; handsome chairs have been made of it, which 
 acijuire the color of mahogany. |ii France it is used in making 
 
■1(J 
 
 WHITE ALDEU. 
 
 xaliots, or woodon sliues, and in the North of Hiinbind it is 
 (■niployi'd for the tliiolv soles of ii Idiul of shoos called elogs, and 
 is prefcrri'd for tlieso uses, in consideration of its durability and 
 lif-htness. The chips, boiled witli copperas, give a black dye U) 
 wool, and the leaves have been used in tanning; sheep will 
 browse on tlieni and on tiie smaller branches. 
 
 PLATE IX. 
 
 .1 hi'tiiirli tif Ihc iMlarnl i-ize. a. Tin: itttZ-fiwiY. 
 
 WHITE ALDER. 
 
 Al.NTS INl'AXA. 
 
 Pni::.-t iihhiiiiii: 
 
 nruli.- 
 
 tllitHS 
 
 jiiil)iA'i.ii 
 
 lihi's, aj'tllis CiiM- 
 
 At,. 
 
 niiil'-^, .yfij)i)U< liipi'uifiiij'.'. AVii.i.ii. Sp. ]']. 
 uiiihthilii, AViLLD., Sp. pi., viil. i\'. ]i. ;!oG. 
 
 BIulIc Alder, {Abuts (jhiKca,) Micu., SvKa, vdl. i. ]i. -STS. 
 IMiilii Aliiiix. crispii, ^ficir., Klor. Bor. Am., vol. ii. p. I'^l. 
 
 Bi lilhi 
 
 AiTiix, Ki'w., v( 
 ft. Linn., Sp. pi 
 
 !'■ 
 
 :!9. 
 
 Tins 
 
 K'Cies lorms a mueli smaller 
 
 tree than the (\)i 
 
 nmon 
 
 Alder. Ijeing only twelve to eighti'en feet high, and sometimes 
 indeed a mere shrub, as in the Alleghany Mt)untains in Penn- 
 sylvania. In Massachusetts and Maine it attains its greatest 
 
 ■<r/e 
 
 Its bark is 
 
 rray oi' einereous 
 
 the 1 
 
 eaves are sometnars 
 
 villous beneath, and the stipules persistent after the develop- 
 
 men 
 
 t of the leaves, which are 
 
 noway glutinous; those o 
 
 )f tlr 
 
 }()mig plants ai'e smooth and glaucous beneath. It is conniiou 
 to the mountainous parts of Europe not less than to the north- 
 ern ))arts of the United States. It occurs likewi.se in this 
 vicinity. 
 
3i[0UXTAIX ALDER. 
 
 Ai.N'fs viiuiiis, (l)MnAViini.i.i:.) /■'<//'/'■; rohiiiiliitii-urnlix In'Kjul'O'ihr (iri/nfr 
 .^( n'lili'-' </l'ilir''(.^riil!.i, slijitili.s' iii'iili-s nil iiiliniiinci !s iln'iilnis ; ffiii'lilms lnli 
 
 llldlis. 
 
 Abi'is riri(li<, I)i:(\\NiMii,i,i:. l''li)ri' l''raii(;:iisc, vol, iii. \\. :'.ii(. 
 
 Bdiihi ?■/)•/(//.<, A'liJ.AUS, ]1iiuiiliin, vol. i/. \i. 's'.). 
 
 Ililiila iiratii, Sciiuank, Salish., ji. 'J'l. 
 
 Itilidd iiu'iiiw, ,9. Lamaki'K, Diet., veil. i. ]i. -)").'). 
 
 Ahms Aljiiii'i iiiiiKii; IIai'minV I'inax, \i. 4JM. 
 
 TiAiuiADnii, tlu' clcviitoil smmiiits of tin- Wliito Moiiiitiiiiis oC 
 Now Iluniiisliiro,''' and tlic tops of the liij:h iiiouiitiiins of Noitli 
 ('iiroliiia,-j- an; tlu' only localities on this (.'ontiiR'nt wluTe the 
 Mountain Aldci' has yut h<"'n iiuiml. It oceurs likewise in the 
 Alps of iSwit/erland, at an elevation of between fotiv anil livi' 
 thonsanil feet above the level of the sea, whore it freiinently 
 forms a small tree about six feet in hei;.;ht. In the While 
 Mountains its stature is much more (le[iresse(l. and it is of rare 
 occurrence. It grows likewise iu tlie barren and cold cliuuite 
 of Kamtschatka. 
 
 The wood is white, and tiie branches are covered with a 
 cinereous smooth bark. The leaf is near two inches long and 
 one and a hidf wide, nearly smooth on luilh sides, but generally 
 somewhat hairy along the ^eins beneath, rather acute, \\ith 
 numerous shar[), small, and irregular serratures, but not doubly 
 serrate. The male catkins are long, and grow, two or three 
 
 * A spcciiiR'ii ill till-' liorb.iiiuiii of tlio Acinli'iiiv of N:itiintl Sciences in I'liilii- 
 (kliiliiu w;i.'< Ji.scovci'cil on tlic AVliiti' Mouiihiiiis l^y my friciul. |lr. I'liailcs I'iukcr- 
 iug, at an elevation of four tliousaiul feet aljovo tlie level of (lie se,i, 
 
 ■j- Iteeciitlv iliscovere.l liv 1>1'. (iniv am] Mr. Curtis. 
 
 47 
 
4S 
 
 Til I N-LK A V V. I) A LDKK. 
 
 Idirctlicr. at tlic cxtrciiiilii's ol' llic t\vi,:^s; cin li sralc CDiiliiiii? 
 tliri'c tctriiiiilrniis llowiTs. as usual iu tin- jicnus. 'I'lic Irrlilc 
 auicnts aiv roundish and elliptic, ahont tlii'ci' tiii^ctlicr, and tcr- 
 niinal; llic scairs arc truncated and oliscurcly lolicd at. tlio 
 I'xtrcmitics; tlii' IVnit. like that of tiie JJirch, m runusht'd with 
 a broad, thin, conspicuous wingeil niar;^in. 
 
 § 11. Friiil iKit iihiti il ; llii )i)iiri/!ii n/intjiif 
 
 TIIIX-LEAVEI) ALDER. 
 
 Al.NI'S TKNUiniMA. Juiliis hlln-iirntix Sillidi'il/is ililiiliriilii-i-n iKlUs i/I'l/iris 
 liiisi rdlitiidiilia hiiiijc jii tiuhttls, stqudls ikcidtm, jialillicidi.s jViilJiHi.i 
 (liijilii'<ilii-riiiiiii!<i.i. 
 
 Thi.s wvy distinct spi 'ics of Alder, wiiicli arraiiues with our 
 connnon s[iecies, (,t. si rrnla/ti.) was iin't wilii on the hoi'diM's of 
 small streams within the ranjic of the JtoclvV Moinitains, ami 
 afterward in tlic valleys of the Blue Mountains of Oregon, a 
 chain whicli may he called, as it were, in comparisuii ol' their 
 elevation, tiie AllcLrhanics of the West. 
 
 This species falls vhort of the character of a tree; hut yet it 
 is .scarcely inferior in size with our connnon species, growing to 
 about the liei;.!lit of a man, with numerous short blanches 
 covered with a smooth iiray bark. The leaves are about two 
 inches lont.'; by one ami a halt wide, with slender jietioles. from 
 a half to three-(piarters of an inch in lenjitli; they ai-e of a thin 
 consistence, .and usually smooth, with obtusc! di'iiticadations. 
 The fruiting-bran(dies are often suhdivi'lcd, each bi'anch hearing); 
 IVom three to live f-niall, roundish, o\ ate amcnts, of wdiieh the 
 
'L*2fc 
 
 sK W 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 ^ 
 ^ 
 
 /. 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■^ 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 ^h^ 12.5 
 
 U£ m 1 2.2 
 
 :t 1^ lilM 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.25 ■ 1.4 ill 1.6 
 
 vi 
 
 <? 
 
 /i 
 
 ^;j 
 
 a 
 
 
 V 
 
 >«;^ 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 33 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. U580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 i 
 

 
 i>;'^o 
 
 \ 
 
 u 
 
 i 
 
Allllis h'liiiiriill:! 
 Till,, /r„i;,f ■ //.In- ii'K, .'i^ni, I'.,,,/!, 
 
8C 
 
 ill 
 
 a 
 
 ti 
 t! 
 
 ill 
 
 t\ 
 
 !l{ 
 II 
 
It II OM I? I (' I.K A V !•: I) A I.DKH. 40 
 
 HciiloH iiro vi'iy (list'uictly lolx-il. Tlic fruit is uniisiiiilly siiiull 
 and elliptic, tcniiiimtiMl liy tlic two reiiiiiiniiig stylcH, luid liiiviiig 
 a tliin, opiKjue niiir^iii. 
 
 l'I,ATK X. 
 
 A tiriiurh iij' till iiiiliii'iil .size. (I. I'lii fiuil. 
 
 RTIO^IBIC-LEAVEl) ALDER. 
 
 Al.XfS niloMIlIKiiI.IA. /'i/iV.s' .yiihrliomhfmliD-ofillis (ililii.ililsriili.i (/liifiiiit.v'lf 
 Iji.ifl (/(•///(\, ,'<iiliiliiiilli'iilii..s(rriiliilfs Si milurl.s cri /()•(.« unilis, miIiIus puhc- 
 rulis luHll.i riiiiiniiii iukHx, sli/mli.i uliluiiijis niniiliriiiuui is ilin'ilul.i, 
 
 I oHSKKVEi) this spocifs, a lurf^o (slinih, in tlu- vicinity of Mon- 
 teroy, in Upper Calil'uniiu. It.s neiu'cst rcliitioii npiKsirs to Im- to 
 t!u' Kuro[)L'an Akler, (.1. ;//ii/iiii>n(i,) from wliicli, however, it i.s 
 alinndantly distinct. The fruit I have not seen. 
 
 The leaves are alxjut two inches long and one and a half 
 wide, glutinous, heiioath nearly the name color as al)ovo, and 
 puhosceut along the veins; the petioles arc not more tlian atiout 
 two lines long. The twigs are smooth and hrownish. It 
 appears to he allied to the ohlong-lcaved Alder (A.o/i/iini/iiln) ,)f 
 the .South of Europe. 
 
 V(ii. w -i 
 
1 W- 
 
 SEA-STDE ALDER. 
 
 Ai.Ni's .MAnn'i.M\. /'•.//-'.-■ ,ii;il'.l,ii.-< i/liihri'^ sfrnilis iilifi(.ils rrl (icumiim/is, 
 4(i.«/ (/(•((//>, y'//i/'/,v j'l rnii/iini.^: ; aiiuiil!.^ friii>nri.<> ina.nnii.'', si/iiiiniis 
 
 <liljilinl/ii-l'J,illi'.'\ 
 ^\l.NI'S M.MUTIMA. /•'.///>■ onit,\ Sil'l-'l/ls, Ims! (tr(ii:.<. — MllII,., Mss. 
 
 (Uixrviitioiics I'.iitaiiir!!' dc l*l:iiitis Am. Sp|itc'iit., p. l!i:i, (in tlio 
 Lilmirv (if till' Ai'ad. \at. Sc I'liiliul.) ami IIiTl)anmii. 
 
 A SPKriMKN of tliis very ilistiiict species of Alder was eolleeted 
 on tlie Kasti'in SiiDie of Maryland. l>y iiiv IVieiiil, Cliarles Pieker- 
 ini;. It lias tlu; ajipearain'e of Iji'iiij; a low siirnh, witii slender, 
 sniodtli iiranclies. Tlio leaves are two and a halt" to three 
 ineiies loii'i- liy one and a half or more wi<le. of an ele^'ant, well- 
 deliiied, oval mitiiiie. and supported upon loiij^ish petioles; the 
 yoiinir hnds and leiives, after the manner of the ^eiiiis, are 
 sliirlitly lilntinoiis; the nervings very slender, serratnres shallow, 
 and in the larjier leaves rather remote; the ni)perniost leaves on 
 the iiifeitile shoots are aoiiminated. and. at first j;ianee, look 
 almost like the leaves of a ('amellia. The male catkins are 
 unknown, as are the stijiules, which are proliahly small. The 
 fertile anient, in size and jicneral appearance, iniuht I)e taken for 
 the stroliile or cone of a Spruce; it is ahout the size of a Hop- 
 clnster, nearly hlack, with the scales very thick and dci |)ly and 
 obviously lohed. Tiie caipel is small in proportion, and with a- 
 thick, opacpie. and olisciirt' niarjiin, as in -1. xd-ni/nln. 
 
 PLATK X. 
 
 A irnihli of /In luiliirnl si:i\ n. Tin' f<c(<l-rrs-S''L 
 
 60 
 

 I'l \ (In 
 
 .Miiim m:iriliiii:i 
 
 Sfti sitff .ffiliT .tun* /*itirtfimi 
 
1 
 
 I'l XI. 
 
 riiiiiiK cijiacii 
 
ELMS. 
 
 yahtrn/ Onhr, l? L.MACK.K, (.Mirl)L'l.) JJimoaii, Cla>it<{jicut'u)ii , 
 Pkntanokia, UiuyxiA. 
 
 UL.MU8. (LiN.N.) 
 
 OrAQUE-LEAYED EL^I. 
 
 iri.MI'S OI'ATA. Fiiliis jxieris! (ililmiiid-iiriili.'; ulililsi.s mv//i/'/.v, .siiliiliijilirdio 
 dilllirllhltix, hiisi ODU'dli.t ohinjHtS .SUlltllS ^*((4('«a')(^(/*(/.«, _//(*r(V((M /</.<(•/(•«- 
 
 Ill/is^ frni'tiliits Jticftitis. 
 
 In tlio siinimci- of 1818, on my joiinioy into llio interior of 
 the territory of Arkannas and on the plains of Ecd Kivor, near 
 its conllni'iicc with tho Kianioslia. 1100 niilrs up the foriiuT 
 stream. I liad the satisfaction of discovering tliis curious Ehn, 
 which, like our other species, forms a majestic, and spreading 
 forest tree of t!ie dimensions of an ordinary Oak. In those 
 dry and open si'.vanuas, tlie shade of this densely- verdant tree 
 ])r(>ved more tl m usually aoceptahlc. It is rennirkahle for tho 
 sniallness and tliickness of its ohlicpio and usually hlunt leaves, 
 wl'icii. with tlicir short stalks, are only ahout an inch in length 
 hy half tiiat dimension ii) InvivJtJi; .they are also very nume- 
 rous, close together, ;>t;idJ4i>ti.«."'.w'l]i '^niliMty. papilla^ of a deep 
 green above, and si)lne\vha(- t'lon'ing, olrfdng-ovato, mostly ob- 
 tuse, the margin )vrtji: shallo\r. ^?ujJti diinttvtjlittions; beneath, 
 
 tho l"af is paler,- ft 'liUle'lmnviiislvwi'Vh' .strong' pennate, simple, 
 
 51 
 
&2 Ol'AQri'M-I^AVKl) ELM. 
 
 or lorkod norvoH; the base of tlie leiil" is oliluiue, iis well as tlie 
 whole Dili line, ami one hull" of the leaf is nuieh narrower than 
 the other; the nerves are imbeseent. The young branehes are 
 smooth and brownisli. The leaves, before complete develop- 
 ment, are canescently toinentose and attended by large, oLlo!'g, 
 membranous, brown stipules. The taste of the plant is astrin- 
 gent, but noway mucilaginous. 
 
 This renuirkable species appears to be nearly allied to Ulmm 
 (/////( //s/s judging from the short de.sc.'iption in Persoon and 
 Duhamel. The llowers are fasciculated in small nunil)ers and 
 on short peduncles. The samara is ellii)tie, rather deeply biCd 
 at the sunnuit, covered with a dense and somewhat ferruginous 
 pubescence even when ripe. 
 
 Of the uses and uality of the timber of this species I am 
 unable to speak from experience, as it grew remote from the 
 settlements at that time established in the territory. The den- 
 sity of shade produced by it, so crowded with rigid leaves, and 
 the peculiarity of its appearance, entitle it to a place in the 
 nurseries of the curious, and it is probably (piite hardy enough 
 for all temperate climates. To this species Virgil's epithet — 
 
 " I'Vcimilic froiiiiilnis iiliiii" — 
 might more justly be applied than to any other. 
 
 TLATE XI. 
 
 A braiuli (if (he nalnral skc. 
 
i 
 
I'l Vll 
 
 rillillN rilrrilloHtl . 
 
 I'liointiss ^'htt ■ 
 
 '),: 
 
 ■tnf u y/vyyv 
 
THOMAS'S ELM. 
 
 Ulmi'S uacemosa, (Thomas.) Fuliis oralis afuminalis (biplkaio-scrralis 
 f/hihris yiilitiiti jiiihrscenlihu-i; f'iribns rwrmofiis fafch'idali/i. 
 
 I'l.Mts itAt'KMDSA, flowers 111 nicciui s ; podiulcs in (lirttiiict fa.sciclos, 
 uniti'd at tlR'ir liases r loaves ovate, aeiimiiiatc, ilouhly serrate, 
 •rlalirnus above, [iiiiiiutely] jmlioseent bciicatti ; stii;mas recurved. 
 Eaton's Xorth Am. 15ot., (ed. 8..) y>. 4(14. Thomas, in Sillimau's 
 Journ. Sei., vol. xix. p. 170, with a Plate. 
 
 This species, conibuiuled with our other Elms, is, accordiiu; 
 t(j Professor Torrey, an abundant species in the western part 
 of the State of New York, and, probably, of the Western 
 States generally. Mr. Thomas, its discoverer, found it in Ca- 
 yuga county, in the State of New York, and in the adjacent 
 country. According to Emerson, he believes Mr. Oakes has 
 obtained specimens from Vermont, collected by Dr. bobbins, so 
 that it is probably a Northern and Western species. 
 
 The lower, stout branches, according to Mr. Thomas, produce 
 corky excrescences like the Wahoo Elm. Leaves broad-ovate, 
 acuminate, obliiiuoly aurieulatcd on one side, doubly serrate, 
 smooth, and somewhat shining above, with the under surface 
 and ribs minutely pubescent. The (lowers, unlike any other 
 Elm, are disposed in racemes, comj)osed of .several clusters of 
 two to four together, and extending to the length of one to two 
 and a half inches, often furnished with one or two small but 
 perl'eet leaves before the terminal buds are open; the ilowers 
 distinctly pedicellate. Calyx 7 to 8-cleft. Stamens seven to 
 ten. Stigmas twf), recurved. Samara elliptic, large, and very 
 pubescent, witli the margin thickly fringed, and the membra)".) 
 more extended on one side .as indicative of a second but abor- 
 tive cell. 
 
 PLATE XII. 
 
 .1 branch oflhc iMtund ii:c. a, Thcjlutca: b. A branch icilh the carhij bark. 
 
II I C K It Y. 
 
 Siilnnil Oiilii; .Ti(;i.aniii;.i;, (Dt'ciiiid.) Linuoini Cln.-^.'^i/tiHiioii, 
 
 MoNCECIA. I'dl.VANDKlA. 
 
 CARTA.* (N' ITT., (ion. Am.) 
 
 SliDiniiiili- flowi'i's ill Very loiiir iiml loiiso, ti'i'imti' uincnts, scaler ini- 
 ln'iciitcil, 3-iiartccl. Siiinicn.s tlii'vc tu six, wiili piidso iiiitlicrs. 
 Fo'/ili llowiT witli ii siiitrle 4-c'icrt Hn|ierior, liL'i'liiU'i'oiin lu'iiinitli. 
 Slvle none; stii^iiia partly di.^coid, iJ-lobuil, tlio soLTiiii'iits biliil. 
 Pi'i'ii'arp woody, 4-valvud. Xut mostly Homcwliiit quadruiiijiilar, 
 with ail oven surface. 
 
 Lai'i^e trcen of Xortli Amerioa, confined to the eastern side of tiie 
 IJocky Mountains, and extondinj; from rpper Canada to Fhnida. 
 Leaves idternate, unei|nally iiinnate, without stipules. Flowers i"ily- 
 f^amous, in compound, jiendulous, jiodiiiKnilated aments appearing; 
 Avitli tlie leaves; female flowers terminal; the periearji openinjr hy 
 four valves. Xuts edihle or hitter, usually more or less <|iiadraii- 
 ^ular; in the /'<//,'0(, even. I'uheseence tufted or stellati'. I'crsoon, 
 as far ba<k as ]S07, divided tlie genus .riiglans into the two natural 
 sections whirli it presented: his second division included the Hicko- 
 ries only. "* * Ameitlis nm.sridti compusiiis, tclrandris." 
 
 * From xdjiuii, tlio aiieiciit (jri;uk naiiio of the Walnut, lliihnri/ is an Imlian 
 iianio for sumc of tlic species of tliis genus; one of them was known to tlic 
 Indians by the name of I'lran or IMkan. llaline.sque applied tlie barbarous 
 name Hiilcorin to this genus, without deseribing or limiting it; in so doing ho 
 has no higher claims for the adoption of the name than our wood.smcTi and the 
 aborigines. 
 51 
 
I'l \III 
 
 It 
 
 
 Carya Mirrorarija 
 
§ I. Xiils tihin or I1H.S ijiiiii/r<ni;/ii/iir. IIicKiniv, proptTly ."iociillL'tl. 
 
 8MALL-FPJlTi:i) IIKKOIJY. 
 
 C'.MtVA .MHIincAlll'A. Fflinli's i/in'iiix till .•ijilnii-; uhln„;lii-lai'i;ul,ilis m mills 
 prniiii.'c.ie iiriimiiiiilis i/lnhris siilihi.s (iliii,ilidi,,sii ; aiiKnli.i ijltilirU, mnr 
 silhf/liJiiMI ,sillii/ilfii/riiih/iilii/ii. It sill It II tit'. 
 
 Ctii-tjti ntltrtifiirjtti.—'Sin., (;,.|i. Am., vol. ii. [.. l'l'I. DAiiMMiTox, 
 
 Fl, nil ('.■.-I lieu. [Kil. iilt.] p. .)»,'). 
 
 Jtit/ltiiis ri,wjiir.-:-ti. a. mltrufiii-jiti. — Mini.., ("utal., \i. ss. Maut., I'lur. 
 
 I'liiliiil.. v.pI. ii. p. 17!i. 
 Jiiijltiits lui ijihiniUi. Uiilsaiii lliikoiv. — Mausiiam,, n. (!,><. 
 
 Tiii.s sju'cii's, allicil to C. Iimniilnfiii, or tla- (.'oiiii-uii Ilickorv, 
 biToiiio.s ii (iiio, lolU-, t^prc'iuliiif,' troe .sixty to civility fl'ot lii.Ltli, 
 liiivin^f a (iiiuiU'tcr of oifrlitci'ii inclics to two lirt or more, with 
 ail even barlv. I (irst oii.H'rvcil it on tiic liaiiks of tlio Sfliiiyi- 
 kill, ill tli(! vicinity of I'iiiladclpliia; iiinl my friciKl Dr. Diir- 
 linjrton rciiiark.s tliat it i.s fi'i(|Mi'nt in nioi.st woodland.^ in tlio 
 vicinity of West Clicstor. Tlio nut is of tlic sainc form nearly 
 as tlial of <'. lttiiiiiiit,st(,iA' a pleasant tuHte. witli a tliiii siiell, 
 lint usually small, not miicli exceedinj; tlie si/.e of a nutmef,'. It 
 grows. I believe, alno in Ma.ssacliiisetts. wliere I have seen these 
 peculiar nuts. The wood i.s white and touyh, and po.s.se.ssed of 
 most of the good ([ivilities which recommend tiie ordinary 
 Hickory. This s[)ecies is remarkable for t lie .smoothness of il.s 
 leatlet.s, which, in that resi)cct, approach C. ij/nhni or the Pig 
 Nut, hut tluy are everyway larger and less deeply serrate; 
 two or three pairs with a terminal odd one, four to eight or nine 
 inches long and two to three and a half iiiclios wide, ohloiig- 
 lanceoliite, with shallow .serrula <ns, smooth on hotli sides when 
 fully expanded, except a .slight ; ift in the axils of the nerve.s 
 heneath; the under surface spri.ikled with minute resinous par- 
 ticles; the lateral leatlet.s subsessile and rather obtuse at ba.-e, 
 
56 
 
 COMMON ITIOKOIJY. 
 
 till' terminal one witli a nl.v,rt petiole and attenuated below. 
 Aments thvee together, upon a common peduncle, (^lender, nearly 
 quite smooth, scales trifid, the lateral segments ovate, the middle 
 one long and linear; anthers hairy, mostly four, sometimes tliree 
 or five. Female flowers two or three together, sessile, on a 
 common peduncle; segments of the perianth very long i<nd 
 somewhat foliaceous. Stigma discoid, four-ivj'x'd; fruit globose- 
 ovoid, about three-quarters of an inch in diameter; the pericarp 
 thin, with the sutures rather prominent. Nut somewhat quad- 
 rangular, with the shell thin. 
 
 15y the leaves it appears to be allied to C.glahm; but the nut, 
 on a small scale, is that of C. tuniciitma, or the Common Ilicliory. 
 
 PLATE Xin. 
 
 A stiuill birnich, ndarcd about onc-tliird. a. The nut. 
 
 Common IIickoky, {Curya tomci»to>^a, ,9. muxlmu) Tiiis is a 
 remarkable variety for the great size of its fruit, which are a? 
 large as a moderate apple. It grows a few miles fnjm Piiila- 
 delphia. Mr. 3l]lliott also observed it on the sea-islands of South 
 Carolina. 
 
 Canja (jhihm, {Jwjluns r/lahm, Du Roi, Ilarbk., vol. i. p. o'-V). 
 J. p(,rdna, Micii., North. Am. Sylva, vol. i. pi. 08.) Of this there 
 arc two varieties, one with globose and the other with ttn'binate 
 fruit: intermediate forms are also met with, proving them to Ik 
 no more than varieties. 
 
 II. Niilii cri'ii, vilJioiit pnmhwnt <t)i(/kfi. Lcaflits oftrn nitmc- 
 
 Onyi nnr/mfif )!!<(. Jinjlnns (uif/mtl/oJla, AiT. Kcw., vol. iii. 
 p. .301. /. I\r<in, MuHL. in Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Scrnt. Berolin., 
 vol. iii. p. ->92. J. <>l'n;vfiirinl% WiM.i)., Sp. PI. 4, p. 4 'u. A Hue, 
 
B L A C K W A L N U T. 57 
 
 stately tree, formerly cvt down for the .sake of obtaining a single 
 erop of nuts; renuirkaljle for its numerous leallets and their 
 almost falcate form. In Massacliusctts, where it has been suIh 
 inittcd to cultivation, it never grows beyond the si/.e of a shrulj, 
 being every year more or less cut down by the cllects of the 
 severe frosts. 
 
 Ciiri/a rem I). Jiii/J<nis Pa(i)i, WALTER. /. mi/rl'<t!(n\fi,rmln? 
 Mich., Sylva, vol. i. pi. o9. This obscure plant of Walter may, 
 perhaps, be nothing more than C. <jlnhru. Michaux's plant was 
 unlaiown to P^Uiott. 
 
 Carija antara. Jinjlunfi amani, Micit., Sylva, vol. i. pi. 3.3. 
 
 Ohxrrvitttoits. According to an experiment published in the 
 '•.Massachusetts Agricultural Journal," the sap of the Butternut 
 'J'ree [Jiiij/aus cincna) is capable of producing as much sugar as 
 that of the Maple. Four of the trees yielded in one day nine 
 quarts of sap. tvhich produced one a'ld a quarter pounds of 
 susar. 
 
 TiiK Bi.ACK W.\L\UT {Ji"/l,ii/s iiii/ni) is mot with as far north 
 as Ma,ssacluisettSi particularly in the western part of the State, 
 as around Northampton. Mr. Emerson says, '■•JikjIhiix nli/ni I 
 liave Ibund rei)catediy as far north as IJoston. It is in Middle- 
 sex, A7orcester, and Norfolk counties, Massachusetts." 
 
 On the banks of the' Scioto, in Ohio, I have seen a tree of six 
 feet in diameter. 
 
 IV.— 4* 
 
C ANDLEBEIUI Y MY Ri LK. 
 
 Xiittinil On/cr, MymcK.E, (Rii'lianl.) Li./iKinn C/u-s'iljinitii, 
 
 DkKCI.V. TkTKAXDHIA to OCTAXDKI.V. 
 
 MYRR'A. Li.N.v., (in imrt.) 
 
 Flowers (iiiisoxnal ; tlioso of tlie two sexes upon tlio saino or inoro 
 eiiiimio. ly iijioii (litKereiit jilants. Jfah Hdw s in eyliiidriral sessile 
 ealkiiis; eaeli fluwer witli ioiir 1o eiu'lit stamens, with tlie tilanieiils 
 cloiiijaled and more or less united at the base ; tlio stamens exsei'ted 
 beyond the borders of tlio dilated .short seale, many stamens in 
 braneliini; clusters nearly without scales at the summit of the catkin ; 
 bracteoles na/K in I'ither sex. Faimh- tlowers in loose, soni''tlnies 
 fdiform catkins, with many of the lower scales abortive; scales 
 1-llowered, the germ nake(h Styles two, very lonir, linear, and 
 ac'uniinat"; ovary villous. Hrujie l-see(U'(l, sjilierical, coatiMl with 
 u jfrumose waxy puli). Xut very jiard; seed erect; embryo with- 
 out alliumcn, the radicle sujierior. Cotyledons thick and oily. 
 
 A genus wholly distinct from Jfi/rii'n (laic, which is common to 
 Xorthci'n Kurope and Xorth Aniei'ica. The character of lunate scales 
 ^iven to Myrica by J,inna'U< applies only to the (!.\i.i;, whii'li tlicris 
 forc constitutes a genus ])y that name. Tlio rest of our s[)ecies 
 belong to Myrica. In the Gale, the fruit is a small, ovate, (by nut, 
 with an indurated bractc on cither side of it, giving it the appearance 
 of being :i-lohed. 
 
 The species of this genus are few, luitives of the warmer anil 
 colder zones of both hemispheres, growing generally near the sea- 
 coast, and are ehielly shrubs, with alternate, jiersistent, or annual 
 simple leaves, usually mmv or less serrated or iiinnaiitid, and be- 
 58 
 
ilV 
 
 ile 
 iitu 
 \vd 
 ill 
 ill ; 
 
 IR'S 
 ill's 
 
 mil 
 ■ill I 
 ilh- 
 
 to 
 
 ilU'S 
 
 i.'1'i'- 
 cies 
 nut, 
 .iicv 
 
 anil 
 
 iiial 
 be- 
 
J 
 
I 'I \IV 
 
 Mvnc'll lllinliiiji 
 
INODOROUS CANDLE T 11 E R. 
 
 59 
 
 s]iriiikliHl witli ai'otiKitie rc.~iiions sciilcri, as arc also tlio scales of llio 
 IhkIs. ("atkiiis axilian-. cxiiaiiiliii;,' early in tlio yciir. Then; nrv. 
 sc\i'ral sjH'cics in Xt'[ia;il in India, and at tlio C'ajio of (Jooil Hopo. 
 The Jl. F'i;i(i, with a 4-cellod drnin', and ahout tun stamens in loose 
 catkins, will, no donbt, constitute a ditlerent genus, which I lu'oiioso 
 to call Fava Azuiuca. 
 
 INODOROUS CANDLE TREE. 
 
 MviiirA ixoDonA. Arhorca, fuliis lanccolaio-cUipflcis inliqri.i oljlii.ii.<! nhir- 
 (jinc rcnilnlis Ikh^I ciincatis suhtus r!x fy'innmoda iilcrlsqur midis, Imci'i.i 
 
 -MvitiCA i'/iinliii-'i, I?art!iam'.s Travels in Florida, &e., p. 40;"). 
 Myuica iihunilii, Chapman, MSS. 
 
 Ix tho month of March, IS-'iO, on the borders of the E.scaiul)ia, 
 in We.st Florida, I had the fortune to rodiscovor tliis fnu- 
 species of M^'rica, so long since descriljed by the amiable and 
 excellent Wm. Bartrani, near Taensa Blnft', on the Mobile River, 
 when' he I'emarks, August 5, 17TG, ''In my excursions idjout 
 tills place, I observed many curious vegetable productions, 
 pin'ticularly a species of Myrica. {Mjiricn i'iioJodl) This very 
 beautiful evergreen shrub, which the French inhabitants call 
 the Wax Tree, grows in wet, sandy ground, about tlie edges of 
 swamps; it risi's erect nine or ten leet, dividing itself into a 
 nudtitude of nearly erect branches, wliich arc garnished with 
 nuinv shining deep-green entire leaves of a lanceolate figure. 
 The uranches produce abundance of large round berries, which 
 are covered with a scale or coat of white wa.x: no part of this 
 plant possesses any degree of fragrance. It is in high estima- 
 tion with the inhabitants for the production of wax for candles, 
 for wliich pui'iiose it answers erpially well with beeswax, or 
 
fiO 
 
 INODOROUS C A N I) L E T P. E R. 
 
 prefc'i'iiblo, as it is liiinlur and more lasting in hurniiig." — 15au- 
 tram's rrarih, p. 405-100. 
 
 Wc found it ('xat:tly in similar situations as tlioso described 
 by Bartram; and it has also been found in Alabama by Dr. Juet, 
 iVom whom I have been favored with specimens. It may with 
 propriety be called a tree, though never so large a one as the 
 Mi/ricd Fajjd, or Fayal Myrtle. The stem sometimes attains 
 the thickness of a man's arm, and, like the rest of the genus, it 
 is gregarious and forms stout thickets on the margins of small 
 streams and swamps. The berries are twice as large as those 
 of the connnon Wax Mjrtle. Though the leaves have no jjcr- 
 ceptible scent, they arc not always entirely Avithout the usual 
 scaly resinous glands; they have no serratures, and arc about 
 three to three and a half inches long by one to one and a half 
 wide. The l)ark is of a gray color, inclining to brown. The 
 male catkins are unusually large, as well as the berries, and the 
 leaves, when c^d, are as stiff as in the laurel. The stamens 
 beneath each scale of the anient arc eight, with distinct 
 filaments and monadelphous at base; the sunnnit of the catkin 
 is nearly without scales, and terminates in monadelphous 
 branchlets of stamens, each bearing three or four anthers. The 
 female catkin is loose, and the lower scales empty; the germ is 
 pilose. The wood appears compact, fine-grained, and nearly 
 wtiite. The candles formed of the myrtle wax I)urn long, yield 
 a grateful smell, and are destitute of the disagreeable scent pro- 
 duced on extinguishing tallow candles. In Carolina, a kind of 
 sealing wax has been made of it, and the root has been 
 accounted a specific in toothache. In Prussia it has been culti- 
 vated for the wax. 
 
 The Fayal Myrtij; (. .'. Faija) is in Fayal the principal 
 article of fuel; it there attains the ordinary height of a peach- 
 tree, with a more erect stem: it produces a considerable 
 
INODOROUS CANDLE TREE. 
 
 61 
 
 (|iiiintity of compact, reddish wood. It is iilso ciiltivatod in rows 
 liotwc'on and around tiio orange trees for tlie puri/oso ol' slielter 
 from the cutting sea-ljrei'zes, -wiiicli -would otherwise al)ridgo 
 Uieir height and retard tlieir growtii. .Ml the gardens of the 
 i^■land reciuire the same shelter for which the evergreen Faya is 
 so well calculated, hcing perfectly hardy and indigenous to the 
 Azores. 
 
 PLATE XIV. 
 
 A brunch of the imlund .si:c. n. Tin' hrrnj. 
 
PLANE THEE. 
 
 Xiiiu-ril Onkr, rLATAXK.i;. Liiuicaii Cfa.isifwatl<»i, MoN(i;riA, 
 
 I'uLYANDIilA. 
 
 PLATANUS.* (TouuNi:i-iJUT.) 
 
 Flowers of one sex, those of tlie two kinds situated uiuin the nanio 
 plant, and eaeli of tliem disposed in sphiTical anients on iiendnlons • 
 stalks, produein,!,' from two to five npon each. M.m.h Ihiucrs 
 iornu'd of minute thickish braetes; the iilamcnts very short, situ- 
 ated ln'tween tlic liracles. Aii/hcrs '2-celled, attaehed to iv connec- 
 livuni broader than the filament, with a peltate summit. Fkmai.k. 
 I'istils, numerous, in pairs. Oi-'(i\>/ of 1-ecll, ineliuliiiu' one to two 
 pendulous ovules. .Slijnms 2, long and llliliirni. Fnol, a earpel 
 seated in a tuft of artieuhUed hairs, ineluding one pendulous 
 oblong seed, destitute of albumen. 
 
 Lofty, (loeichions-loaved trees, with widely-spri'uding braiiehes 
 inul a dense, broad foliage having n pentangular ontline. 
 Natives of Europe, Asia, Northern Afri<a, and tlie teinjieratt! 
 parts of Nortli America. The species about three. Leaves 
 alternate, palmate; the bud concealed beneath a conical envelop 
 and immersed in the base of the petiole. The young shoots 
 and leaves covered with a deciduous down. The old bark at 
 length scaling off in extensive patches, leaving the trunk 
 smooth. 
 
 * Tho ninuc is from the CIreek wuni ^^/-i','/.-, hw.td, in allusion to its wido-siireiiJ 
 leaves ami braiielies. 
 
ml 
 
L 
 
I'l.W 
 
 rl:ll:inilll I'Jirrllllisil 
 
CALIFORNIA BUTTOXWOOD,or PLANE. 
 
 al'is siihtii.s /,o^ »'/''•'"'■*" /"'""'''s hiiirhian hnii-aihil'is ,iri/iiiiiiiili,s iiifii/ri.-; 
 ,v///»//;x <n,,/iil'iii.< fnirlih'i.-' jv/i.r//*'-.-;.--.— XiTTALL, .Msi^. ill Aiululii.n's 
 i5ii''.!s of Aiiioru-'ii, tai). o&2. 
 
 Tins ri'innrktilily distinci spocios of riatrmus is a native of 
 Upiior California, in the vicinity of Santa Barbara, wlicro it 
 jmts on very nuioli the appearance of our eoininon IJi.ittonwooil, 
 {Pl((ta ».s Ovfhhnhdls.) As far as I yet know, it is iW only 
 siiecies on tlie western coast of America. It grows iiroljably 
 farther north, out T did not meet with it in the territory of 
 Oregon. It docs not appear in this unfriendly cli-natc to arrive 
 at the gigantic magnitude of its Eastern prototype, though it 
 eiiualb- a^'ects rich hottom-lands and the borders of streams; 
 l)ut the scarcity of rain, in this climate, -ivliich lia<l not for three 
 years been sullicient to encourage the raising of crops, and the 
 coiise(|ueiit disappearance of water in most of the brooks, 
 prevented, no doubt, tlii.-; subaquatic tixo from assuming its 
 proper character in a .ii'-re favorable soil. At first view it 
 would be taken for die ordinary species, spreading out the 
 same serpentine picturesrpio limbs, occasionally denuded of 
 their old coat of bark, and producing the same wide and gigan- 
 tic trunk; but a glance .-'- 1 lie leaves, no less than the fruit, would 
 remind the Easter'- traveller that he sojourned in a new region 
 of vegetation, and objects apparently the mo,-t familiar he met 
 around him, associate them as h<' would, were stdl wholly 
 
 strangers. 
 
 The leaves not fully exinuided were about four inches wide 
 and the same in len;vth. divided more than half-way down into 
 ti e shar|i-pointed, lanceolate portions, of which the two lower 
 are the smallest: all the divisions are ((uite entire, two of them 
 
64 
 
 O II I E N T A L r Ti A X E T R E E. 
 
 in small leavt's .t'i' suppressed, thus producing a leaf of only 
 three parts. Above, as usual, the surface is at first clad with a 
 yellowish copious down formed of ramified hairs, which cpiickly 
 falls off and spreads itself in the atmosphei'e. The under sur- 
 face of the leaves are, however, always copiously clad with a 
 coat of whitish wool, which remains. Tiie young leaves, chu' 
 in their brown pilose clothing, have a voiy uncommon appear- 
 ance, and feel exactly like a, piece of stout, thick woollen cloth. 
 The branchlets, petioles, and peduncles arc equally villous. The 
 nude catkins are small, less in size than peas, full of long-haired 
 scales, and with unusually small anthers. The fi mala catkins 
 are in racmnes of three to five in luunlier, with remarkably long 
 styles, being between twt) and three-tenths of an inch in length, 
 and persistent on the rii)e Ijalls. The raceme with the full- 
 grown balls measures nine inches. The tree has, therefore, a 
 very unusual appearance, filled with these very long pendulous 
 racemes, each Ijcaring from three to four or even iive balls, at 
 tiie distance of aliont an inch from each other. The stignuis 
 are at first of a deep and bright brown. 
 
 The wood of this s[)ecies, as far as I could learn from the 
 American i-esidents at Santa Barbara, is far i)referable to that 
 of tlie common Buttonwood, being much harder, more durable, 
 less lialjje to warp, and capable of receiving a good polish: it is 
 of a pale yellowish color, like the young wood of the Oriental 
 Plane, and bears some resembhiuce to beech wood in its texture. 
 In the radiation of its medullary vessels, it resembles the wood 
 of the eou;mou species. 
 
 PLATE XV. 
 
 A branch af Ihc natarai nizc. a. The carjn'J. 
 
 The OliiKNTAl, Pl.AMO {PItifonHX Orii'iihilis) deserves to Ix; 
 planted in the Unite<l States as an orniiuiental tree. If grows 
 
ORIENTAL PLANE TREE. 
 
 to tlie liL'ight of from .sevonty to niuoty feet, with wiilely-spiviul- 
 iiig brandies and a massive trunk, forming altogether a ma^ 
 je.stic object. The leaves are more deeply divided and indented 
 than in our common .species. A iniiv.: cf the East, where 
 shady trees are not so abundant as in North America, it was 
 celebrated in the earliest records of (Ireciuii history. Xerxes, 
 it 8eem.s, (according to Herodotus,) was so fascinated witli a 
 beautiful Plane Tree which he found growing in Lycia, that 
 he encircled it with a ring of gold, and confided the charge of 
 it to one of the Ten Thousand. lie passed an entire day 
 under its shade, encamping with his whole army in its vicinity ; 
 and the delay so occasioned was believed to be one of the causes 
 of his defeat. Pausanius (a. I). 170) mentions a Plane Tree of 
 extraordinary size and beauty in Arcadia, which was said to 
 have been planted by Menelaus, the husband of Helen, and to 
 have been, at the time he saw it, loUO years old. 
 
 Plane Trees were j)lanted near all the public schools in 
 Atlu'us. The groves of Epicurus, in which Aristotle taught 
 his peripat 'tic disciples, the shady walks planted near the 
 (lymnasia and other pul)lic bui'dings of Athens, and the 
 groves of Aco;ienms, in which Plato delivered his celebrated 
 I'iscourses, vere all formed of this tree. 
 
 Tlie re u ark able Plane Tree at Buyukdere, or the Great 
 Valley, mentioned b}' Olivier, the naturalist, an 1 after him by 
 Poucqueville, '' .," -(u.so, and various other writirs, has a trunk 
 that presents ti ■ ■ cpoarancc of fcan or eight trees having a 
 common origin, which Olivier suppose,, ^c be the stool of a 
 decayed tree, and which were all connected at their base. Dr. 
 Walsh, who measured the tree in 1831, foinid the trunk one 
 hundred and forty-one feet in circumference at the base, and 
 its branches covered a space of one hundred and thirty feet in 
 diameter. The trunk divides into fourteen branches, some of 
 which issue from below the present surface of the soil, and 
 some do not divide till they rise seven or eight feet above it ; 
 
 »UL. IV. -& 
 
C(j 
 
 ORIENTAL PLANE TREE. 
 
 one of tlie Inrgost is hollowed out by fire, luul aflbrds a cabin 
 to shelter a husbanclman. The tree, if it can be considered a 
 sing' )>lnxit, is certainly the largest in the world. But what 
 rende/,'- object of more than usual interest is, that IvI. D'»- 
 
 candoUe v ctnres it must be more than 2000 years old. 
 
 The wood of the Oriental Plane, in the Levant and in Asia, 
 is used in carpentry, joinery, and cabinet-making. It is said 
 to make beautiful furniture, on account of the smoothness of 
 its grain and its suscejitibility of receiving a high polish. 
 
 Concerning our common Plane Tree or Buttonwood, {Pla/a- 
 nwi Occidental is,) Dr. Darlington remarks, in Ills " Flora Ces- 
 trica," l)age 542, " It makes a noble shade in front of houses 
 where it has room to develop itself:" and he further remarks, 
 that " the icood is not much esteemed, but is occasionally 
 sawed into joists and other hnuber." It is beginning to be con- 
 siderably planted i-.i a shade-tree ou the side-walks of the streets 
 in several of the large towns of the United States, and, being 
 seldom attacked by insects, and rarely elevating the pavements, 
 it is exceedingly well calculated for this useful iiurposo in a 
 climate subject to such ardent summer boats ; but, if the Orien- 
 tal Plane would answer lUe same purpose, and it is easily pro- 
 pagated, we should not only possess an ornamental but also a 
 useful tree, as it regards the wood. The finest specimens of 
 trees of this species, in the vicinity of Philadelphia, are those 
 round the Pennsylvania Hospital, which were i)lauted about 
 the year 17G0. 
 
POPLARS. 
 
 Xatund Onlir, Amkxtace.e, (Juss.) Suhunlcr, Saucine^e. 
 lAmuraii ClaKi miil Order, DiUiCiA, Octandkia. 
 
 roruLUs.* (Lixn.) 
 
 DliKCiots. Anicnts cyli, 'Iric, with the scales deeply cleft. Fcrianlh 
 cuii-shajied, ohluiue, and entire. Slaiiwiis about eij^jht, (or I'roiu 
 thirty to one hundred or more,) inserted on the scale or iierianth. 
 Fi;iiTii,E Fi.oKKTS with the scales and jierianth a in the male. 
 Slii/ma.^ three or four. Oipsiilc 1-celled, 2 to 4 salved. /SVu/i 
 luinicrons, couiose, with long, soft hairs like wool. 
 
 Trees of the temperate and colder parts of Kuropo and Xorth 
 America, with one spi'cies in Asia. The leaves are alternate, nnind- 
 ish, or deltoidly conlute, the petiole, for the most ]>art, vertical!'' 
 coin|iressed toward the summit, and often sjiandular at the base; the 
 llowers (as m the AVillows, to which they are intimately allied) ap- 
 pearintr before the leaves. 
 
 The 1 oplars are divisible into two set^tions or subijenera. 
 
 § I. Those properly so called, with about eight stamens, and, 
 Usually, tiliform stiinuas. 
 
 S 2. Those with from thirty to one hundred or uiore stamens, and 
 with broad, ililated, rcniliirm stigmas. J'ota.mkhia. These are mostly 
 large trees, which atl'ect the banks of rivers, and includes I'lijniliis 
 l<ii-li/iil(t, (/'. Ciiiiiii/nisis, Mich, li!.,) ./'. <ii)ipihiUi, l\ nioiiilifcrtt, I'. Iidr- 
 niiilii/ll", (/'. (injailiv, Mwu. til.,) and firobably 1'. riaulirai(.^; J'. b<d- 
 fdiiiifira, and our /'. (iiif/iislifuliii. 
 
 * An "111 Latin tuinio of uiicortiiin dorivation. 
 
 ti7 
 
NARROW-LEAVED BALSAM POPLAR. 
 
 Porri.vs A\<irsTiFOLiA. Foliis oriiMou'Cdlnlin Innnrihiilsrc wiitis, mi- 
 /icrnr iiltiiiiiiilis pcmiincn'iis coiu'dhirihiis (jlnbrls adpri'.isii-itemilis ; 
 rm.iiih's ^ /■( 7/7;i/,v r/l<ilirl.<!, geminw rrsinnsis. 
 
 J\ (inriiislifiiliii, Toiiur.v, Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. York. vol. ii. p. 24It. 
 
 JS'tirnjir-harcil Ojtl'inirun,/, of Lkwis and Claukk. 
 
 As we ascended the banks of tlie river Platte, in our ex- 
 tended journey to tlie West, about Laramie's Fork, a nortliern 
 branch of that extensive stream, we observed searciy any 
 otlier tree along the alluvial plains but the pre.seat and the 
 Cottonwood; and those were chielly confined to the islands, a 
 eircumsti> CO accounted for by the annual burning of the prai- 
 ries, which wholly .-trips the streams of their margin of lorest. 
 so that we behold, far and wide, nothing but a vast plain, a sea 
 of grass undulating before the breeze; and the illusion api)ears 
 more sensible by the fact that the only variation to the scene 
 is produced by the scattered islands of the lofty Poplar, which 
 gives life and variety to the wild and boundless landscape. 
 
 The height of this species, which so nearly resembles the 
 IJalsam Poplar, may be about sixty to one hundred feet, having 
 a trunk of proportionate diameter, clad, like the Cottonwood, 
 with a rough, grayish bark. Although a brittle and p(jor wood 
 for almost every purpose, it will, like tiie Cottonwood of the 
 Mississippi, {Bi/>i(7i(.s <ni;/ii/<(/(i,) become, of necessity, important 
 for fence and fuel, whenever this country shall become settled, 
 as scai'cely any other timber exists in sufficient quantity for 
 economical purposes. When dry, it burns well, but is quickly 
 reduced to ashes. 
 
 Whatever may be the immediate uses of the Narrow-leaved 
 
 Poplar, we must say that, in a country so exi)osed and arid as 
 
 the Rocky Mountain region, we felt grateful for the shade and 
 08 
 
^ 
 
nxs'i. 
 
 Pdjmlus AiiqtiNiirdlia 
 
 f'fUftltfr InittrHi^ftt /eut/^rjf ftiviifS i.trniu //v//--^*/ /////•'//», /J////,*/- 
 
n 
 1 
 
 )l 
 
 a 
 
 V 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 1 
 1 
 
NARROW-LEAVED HALSAM POPLAR. 
 
 01) 
 
 slH'ltiT it .x() orton oxclusively afTimk'd uh, with tlie cxcciitioii (if 
 ii few insifriiilicant Willows, that frerniently asTOciate with it. 
 Ill nhovt, wo rarely lost .Hif5ht of this tree, which arcoiiipanied us 
 to tlu' iiortliiTii soinroH of the Platte, invsciited itself, as usual, 
 on the alluvial hanks of the Colorado of the West, aloufr Lewis 
 Kiver, of the Shoshonce, the hanks of the ()re<;-on from the 
 Walla-Walla to its estuary, attaining along the hanks of this 
 nohle stream, and its southern trihutary the Wahlamet, an 
 uugmeution so great as to vie in miignitude with the tall Cotton- 
 wood of the Mississippi, and to pass amidst the mighty forests 
 of the West as one of the largest deeiduous-leaved trees of the 
 eouutry. We (lud this speeies of Poplar also on the hanks of 
 the Missouri, on the upper part of the river, from whenee it 
 eontinues nuinterriiptedly to the valleys of the Eoeky Moun- 
 tains. In the severity of winter, the houghs arc collected by 
 tlie aborigines to support their horses; the heaver likewise feeds 
 upon them hy choice'. 
 
 Early in the spring the balsamic odor of its resinous buds 
 may be perceived far and wide, and the shade of its tidl, rouid, 
 and spreading sunnnit invited hosts of birds to its Ijranches, 
 particularly the large and tine IJand-tailed Pigeon, .'hich feeds 
 with avidity on its seed-buds in tiie spring, allbrding them an 
 al)uudaut article of food. 
 
 The lesser branches are rather tough than brittle, covered 
 with a smooth, yellowish bark. The leaves vary on the same 
 branch, iu this respect, that the earliest brought out are tlie 
 widest; these are generally ovate and acute, (not acuminated as 
 in the Balsam Poplar,) rounded below; afterward come out a 
 set of lauceuhite leaves, much longer than the others, often 
 three inches by only one inch wide: these are acute at both 
 ends, and would pass very well for those of a Willow; they are 
 all nuvrgiued with line, bluntish, appressed serratures, and 
 beneath they are nearly the same color as above. The foot- 
 stalks of the leaves or petioles are about three-cpuirters to an 
 
10 
 
 C i) T T N W D— A M E II I C A N ASPEN. 
 
 inch ill k'lifrtii. Tiii' lu'rvL'M arc all liiint bi'iicatli and pi'iiiiati', 
 with no a|)[)t'ai'aiice of Ix-'ing .'j-nei'ved at tlic base; the iimiilKT 
 of tliL'HO nerves or lateral vewsels are twelvi; to fil'toeii on a side, 
 at least double the miinber they are in the Balsam Poplar. 
 The raehis of the female anient is smooth, the ;^erms miieh eor- 
 rii,!rated in dryiiifr, and the scaly cup of the frerni very shallow, 
 not more than half the size of that of tlu! species to wliii'h it is 
 so closely allied. Upon the whole eoniiiarison, we are .satisfied 
 that this is iis distiiit^t a sjiecics as ati}' in the genus. In the 
 Fi.oii.v IiossicA. vol. i. p. 07, t. 41. 15., a leaf is given as a variety 
 ol' the Halsaiii Poplar from Altai, very similar to oui' present 
 species. 
 
 PLATE XVI. 
 
 ^l lirniirli vf //«■ HiiUu'iil xi:r. <i. The cnjisuh: 
 
 ('oTTONWoon, Poi'ui.rs i,.i;vi(!.vtv, ]Vi!l</. [R <"<(«'«/' /<.s7.v, Mini., 
 8ylva, vol. ii. pi. '.)'}.) 
 
 This species, more hardy than the Mississippi Cottonwood, is 
 found on the banks of most of the Western rivers I'or a consider- 
 able distance toward the Koclcy Mountains. It is abundant on 
 the l)orders of the Arkansa.s, but is nowhere met with in Oregon 
 Territory. 
 
 IJ.vi.sAM Poi'LAU, {Pijtidit-s hdlsmni/ini.) In F/nni Roxsica, 
 vol. i. pp. fiT and 41, is given a figure of a Poplar from Daoiiria, 
 called the IJalsani Poplar, wliicli does not tippear to be our 
 plant. The leaves are wider, with shorter petioles. This spe- 
 cies stretches into Eastern Siberia, along the river-banks, to the 
 peninsula of Kamtschatka. 
 
 A.MERiCA\ Asi'EX, {BipiiJii-1 frcmuh!(?c.t, Mini., Fl. Bor. Am., 
 vol. ii.p. 243. P. fniiiiJa, Wji.i.d.) This elegant species, of which 
 
WHITE I'ol'LAI!. 
 
 71 
 
 till! loaves, like tlie Eiiropoiin Aspon, trcinhlc and vilinitc in tlic 
 faintent hrcozo, is nu't with west of" tlio Mississippi, in scattcr- 
 inj^ groups, cliii'lly in the viivircs of the mountains, wlicro 
 sjirings issuf out, and in narrow valleys, -vvlu're consideralilo 
 firoups of this trco may l>o scon, into the centre of the lioiky 
 Mountain chain ; l)ut tliey hero attain a very inconsiderablo 
 magnitude, being seldom thicker than a man's arm. 
 
 WiiiTF, Poi'LAH, (/'. (dhti,) now commonly cult \ated with us 
 lor ornament, soon attains the nnignitiido of an Oak. This 
 wood, remarkable for its whiteness, is generally used in the 
 South of Franco for wainscoting and tlooring houses, and in 
 Knghind it is I'mploycd by turners for a host of small articles 
 and utensils of housekeeping. 
 
 The wood of various species of Poplar has been emi)loyed for 
 dyeing: tliat of the Lombardy or Italian PopLar boiled in water 
 with wool communicates a very permanent golden-yi'llow color; 
 other species, as the IMack, Yii'ginia Pofjlar, and Cottonwood, 
 give, according to the length of time employed and the (juantity 
 of the wood boiled, various shades of color, as that of nankeen, 
 nuisc, the color of the Vicunga, with other shado.><, and answer 
 convi'niontly for the ground of other colors. 
 
 ■J 
 
WILLOWS. 
 
 Ndtni-dl Onli'i; AMF.XTArK.T:, (Jussiou.) SuTm-dir, Sai.icixk.k. 
 Liiiiiinni C/iiK'.ijIiiitiioi, Di'KtiA. DiAMiiiiA, &c. 
 
 SALLX.* (TouiiMiFouT, Li.wv.) 
 
 Tlio fldw^i's ai'o iiiiixroTsf ov vory riiroly .Moxoxioirs, disjioscd in ovuid 
 or cyliiidrie ciitkiiis. coiiiiinsLMl of undivided Roiilt's wliicli ai'c iin- 
 In'ifrttcd ovi'i' ciicli (itlar, iind oacli willi flic ]iistil-< or stiiiiiotis toriu 
 a flowi'r; at tlio liase oi' those scales exists a stiiail c;linidiilar body, 
 wliieh is cither siinjile or hifid, and surrounds tho inierior organs 
 of reproduction. In the mate flowers there exist from four to iive, 
 or oven sc\en to nine stamens; (ordinarily there are only t' i.) Tti 
 the j'l male tlowers the ovary is sinirle, teriiiinatcd liy a liitid style, 
 havintr usually four stiLtnuis. The capsule or foITu !e eonsi.ts of one 
 cell with two valves. The seeds are very inunerous and minute, 
 each terminated hy a lonij; tuft ol' hairs or j.appns; the radicle is 
 inferior, or in an inverse position to that of the I'oplars, to whicli 
 they are so intimately allied 
 
 The Willows, uunuTous in species, are all (witii two L'xee[)- 
 tions in the Straits of Magellan and Peru) natives of the iiorlli- 
 ern hemisphere, up. I all of tin-ni shrubs or trees, sonic not more 
 than an inch in height above the ground, couhncd to tho high- 
 est sunnnits of lofty mountains, others attaining an elevation of 
 
 * Paid to be derived from llio Cihie .«(/, iieiir, and !i», wiitcr. 
 
 f A term usi'd by Ijimia'us td cl('sii.'iia*e a cliiss iif jilaiits wliich have flowers of 
 different sexes on two different iiidivijuals, moiuuin, witli two .scirt.s of flowers oil 
 diffi rent parts of the same plant. 
 
 I 
 
ssam 
 
 WILL W S. 
 
 73 
 
 iift^'or sixty foot. The wood is usually light and c'loso-graiiiod : 
 the twigs of several species, used by baskot-uiakors, arc roinark- 
 ahlo for thoir pliability. The bark of iiiost of the species con- 
 tains a peculiar vegetable principle, called saUcine, which, for 
 intonnittont fevers, is nearly as servieeal)lo as Peruvian bark; 
 and the down of tlio seeds has l)oen nianufuotured into a coarse 
 paper. Most of the species aflc'ct wet or humid situations, 
 being common on the immediate ])orders of bnjoks and rivers, 
 which they fringe with a luxuriant and agreeable vegetation. 
 Tiie llowers generally pre;'e le the apjiearance of the leaves, and, 
 tiiough not beautiful, they are scon with delight, as the earliest 
 liarbingers of our northern spring. '"he species, more than 
 two hundred in number, present nearly the same general form 
 of foliage, with the margin encire or serrated; the catkins are 
 lateral or terminal, and the strmens are too variaLiJ in number 
 to admit of a classification by them; there are some with only 
 one, a good many with two, others with tl "o, four, live, or even 
 nine or leu. Tiie capsules, though small, ailb'- 1 the best traits 
 of specitie distiuctitin. The leaves put on various a])pearances, 
 anil even outlines, in the progress of their growth, and the 
 Willows justly rank among botanists as the most protean and 
 diilicult liimily of plants to di>criminate in the northern hemi- 
 sjiiiere. In oui' tour across tiie continent we have met with 
 some remarkable six'cies, four or live of which b'^come trees : 
 we shall oiler descriptions of the whole, but only give figures 
 of those which rank amojig arborescent species. 
 
 iv. 
 
LONG-LEAVED WILLOW. 
 
 Samx spkciosa. /''i/Z/s liiiii/iysiiiii'.-i l(i)ifcohtlis .nrriiliili.-i promhfic ariioi - 
 natift (jlaliris shIjIus (jlnxcis jntnorihus pilaais ; timciitis si-rolinl'i C>-',)-'iii- 
 (Irts, iitrntinihus pcdkxUuUs lunccoltitis acunmatis ylahrls, squamin lan- 
 veolato-iihlongis scrkcts, sth/mntis Miis Itijiilif, 
 
 8.M.IX nciDA, Hook, (as it ro^iird.s the Ori'u;oii phuit.) — Fltir. Bor. 
 Am., viil. ii. \i. 14S. 
 
 No Willow on the Ainericivn continent presents so remurkable 
 and sjili'ndid an appeiiraneo as the jnvsont; the cflect of which 
 is produced no U'ss by its magnitude than the size and beauty 
 of its tbliaire. Its aspect is that of a large Peach Tree, with 
 the leaves and tJieir stalks fi-oni live to eight inches long by an 
 inch to an inch and a half wide; beneath, wlien adult, tlu'y ai'e 
 glaucous. lil\e thosi' of the River Maple. The sununit is tufted 
 and spreading, and the tree attains the elevation of about twcnity 
 to thirty I'eel, with a trunk of twelve; to eighteen inches in 
 diameter. When in full bloom, which is with the lirst ex- 
 pansion of the leaves, in May, the numerous and large briglit- 
 yidlow catkins, loading the branches, enndate the finest Acacia 
 of New Holland; they are also agreeal)l}' fragrant, and attract 
 swarms of wild bees and other insects, in continual motion 
 among their waving branches. We have seen this noblj s[)e- 
 cies nowhere in such [icrfection as along the banks of the deep 
 
 iddamet and the wide Oregon, whose mnnerous islands are 
 
 W^ 
 
 almost exclusively decked with this imposing Willow, which 
 continues to the Blue Mountains, and along the neighboring 
 streams as far ciist as the rivor Boisee. As we sailed along th(( 
 smooth bosom of these extensixc streams, for many nnles we never 
 lost sight of the liongdeavetl Willow, which seemed to dispute tlie 
 domain of the sweeping ilood, fringing the banks of tiie streams 
 anil concealing liie marshes entirely IVom view; at every instant, 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
/..'«,/ I,;i,,',/ 11,//,. 
 
 SllliX S|I<>('I<IK 
 
 ■ Km/e (//•(/(■/,-,■ 
 
of 
 
 1.1 
 
 ill: 
 be 
 1<> 
 
 Pi 
 () 
 
 ill 
 ii: 
 hi 
 
 '1 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 1; 
 (.1 
 1 
 ^ 
 ( 
 ( 
 
1 
 
 LONG-LEAVED WILLOW. 
 
 75 
 
 Avlu«n toudied by the breeze, displaying the contrasted surfa.-o 
 of tlieir leaves, above of a deep and lucid green, beneath tlie 
 l.luish-wiiite of silver: the whole scene, rctlected by the water 
 and in constant motion, presented a silent picture of ex.inisite 
 benuty. Inunediately behind this foreground of spreading Wil- 
 lows arose, in the first rank of the legitimate forest, the lofty 
 Toplars we have already described, succeeded by the i::;ij'>«tic 
 Oaks and Maples, while the distant hills to their summits were 
 impenetrably hid by the vast towering Tines and Firs, which, 
 mingling as it were with the clouds, close in the re-t of the 
 landscape with funereal grandeur. 
 
 This species is related to the TAicid nnd Bay Willow.-, and 
 the buds have something of the same aromatic exudation; the 
 -errulations and the base of the leaf are also equally glandular. 
 The Ijark of the trunk is rough and divided, the twigs smooth 
 and shining, of a yellowish brown. The leaves, at first green 
 on both surfaces, arc, before expansion, clothed with long, 
 brown, loose, parallel hairs, which disappear with the progress 
 of their growth ; at length they become silvery and glaucous 
 beneath : they are finely serrulated, acute at l)oth tremities, 
 witli the points very nmch attenuated. The stipules are semi- 
 circular and broad, serrulated on the margin. The llowers 
 come out with the expandii'g leaves from lateral buds, con- 
 taining, in the male, also two or three leaves, so that the cat- 
 kin appears as a peduncuhvted spike. The stamens are very 
 long, from five to nine in a scale, with filaments which are 
 hairy toward the base, and, as well as the hairy, broad, cuneate, 
 serrated scales, are of a bright, golden yellow. 
 
 The fennde plant, at tlie time of llowering, appears to have 
 smaller leaves than the male, and those on the branches which 
 liear the catkin are green on both surfiices for a considerable 
 time; they are also but little acuminated; five or six leaves, 
 with tlieir appropriate stipules, grow out on tlie same branch, 
 which terminates in a female spike. The scales hi liit catkin 
 
7 (5 L o N (} - 1. K A V E D W I L L W. 
 
 „r spiko are oblong or lauce-obloug, and less hairy than in tho 
 Htaniiniforons catkin. The germ is laneeola'e. i.e.lieellate, and 
 smooth, acuminated, and terminate.l by a short, bifi.l style, with 
 two pubescent, billd stigmas. The capsule is likewise smooth, 
 and contains seeds with a very l.mg pappus, as abundant almost 
 lis on a seed of cotton. 
 
 The wood is whitish and close-grained, and might i)robal)ly 
 be employed for the same purposes as that of tlie White Poplar, 
 but the nearly uninhal/ited state of the country in Oregon 
 prevents the possiljility of making any useful experiments. As 
 an ornamental and hardy tree, however, it stands pre-eminent 
 among all its fraternity, and well deserves to be introduced into 
 pleasure-grounds, where it would be perfectly hardy as far 
 ;iorth as New York, or in any part of Great Britain. 
 
 PLATE XVII. 
 
 •1 /.•;,/ .,nl In.f of (l.r >,nl,md .izr. a. Thr J, mak r.fl.in. h. The male 
 r.,ikn,. r. The male jloarr ami 6ralc uf the calkin, d. The o^,ni cap- 
 mde. 
 
 > ':!> 
 
N 
 
 > 
 

 S:ili\ |iciit:iiulfa . 
 
 I 
 
I.OXa-LEAYED BAY WILLOW. 
 
 SaI.IX l'i:\'l',\Milt.A. /•m//V.< I //<'yi//i'/x (trilinilnilis srrrit/i.-J iilolin!<, julnJi^ 
 .■<(iiii rue ill'tiiililhisi.1, (lllliiili.1 .'<i ralilii.'! jiciil'liKlri-i, f/triniliiliils liinrKilnl'S 
 
 ill,il,i-:s. — Wii.i.i)., Sp. \<\. I. c. Aaiii.., ill Kldiii Diiiiicu, tall. lU:?. 
 
 lldST., Sal. Austr. 1, t. 1, f. 2. Kiij,'. lint., t. ISO.l 
 Sai.ix rKN'i'ANiiiiA. Fdliis srtrdli-i (/I'llirln, JlnriliHs jiiiiliniiln.i. — Linn., 
 
 Unit. ClillniM., II. WA, ct Sp. jil., ji. 144. Floni Laiiimnica, \>. :!TI), 
 
 t. H, I'lii. 3. Omki.in, Flora Siiiiiiia, vol. i., \). l.Vi, t. :i4, lii?. 1. 
 Siilix J'ldii.^ (/Idhri.i, onilo-laiirctihill.s ; piliuHs f/lmHlidiji-is ; jlorihii.i /i.'.iv/.v/c- 
 
 vfiiii'hii.i. — IIali.ku, Flora llolvetiea, No. 1G:]I). 
 S'llir w,id,ii,a w'ljor; foUi^ X(/»c;/(/n.— ToruxKi'ouT, InstitntL'n Kci. 
 
 llcll.., p. 5111. 
 
 Sdli.r J'ljn.s liimro .<-Vc (ah ;/!'ihro ndnr'tlu. — Rail, Hist., p. HM. 
 Sam.k 1'i;.\tanii'!A, ,5 caiuata. Folil.s hnKjisslnw arainiiKilin (ttlcnidilis; 
 roiiinli.'<jUdh)viliii.-< hii\-<(di-<; cdjisidl-i rdijnliKsi.s ojidci 
 
 "We mot with this spuoios, hitherto ^vliolly European, in the 
 very centre oi' the N(jrth Aniericiin Continent, liy streams in 
 tlie valle\s of the Eocky Mountains, toward their westi'rn 
 sloi)e, in Ore.ijon, and also the Bhio Mountains of the same 
 territory. It is true, the present variety is a ronuirkahle one. 
 The npi)ermost leavi's on the adult branches are ahout live or 
 six inehes lon.^;', one-iualf of which distance, or about two and a 
 lialf to three inelii's, nniy be considered as the slope of the 
 snnnnitand the point of the leaf; the buds and last-developed 
 lirauches are also hirsute. This variety, like its prototype, 
 becomes a tree lifleeu to twenty feet hii;h, of a bright, but 
 )iot deep, and rich green. The llowers are fragrant, produced 
 after the appearance of the leaves, and the capsules in our 
 plant arc slightly corrugated, even when ripe and open, and 
 do not .shine as in the connnon Bay Willow. The leaves have 
 the same odorous glands, and the bark of the branches is 
 smooth, shining, and of a brownish-yellow color. This tree is 
 
78 W E S T E R N Y E I, L \V W 1 L L O W. 
 
 met with .»! inoimtaiiious situiitions by stroams, in all tli 
 iiortlierii parts of J{ 
 Swodcn, Lanland 
 
 lU'opc, 
 
 -ill IJritain, France, Swit/.(;rlaiiil, 
 
 am 
 
 1 tliroiidiout Siberia and Rii:^sia. Itr- 
 
 branches arc too fragile to b;" employed iiir any ecoiiouiical 
 i)uri)ose, and the wood decrepitates in the fire. The lea\es, 
 which are fragrant I'roi.i the resinous glands of their niargin, 
 however, I'nrnish a yellow dye, and the abundant down of its 
 seeds, in some of the northern countries, is used with success 
 as a substitute for <M)tton, mixed with a tiiii'd part of tlu; true 
 material. 
 
 Accordiiiji to Loudon, it is one -jf the most desirable species 
 of the genus fur planting in iileasure-grounds, on account of 
 the fine disiday made I)}' the blossoms, their abundant fragrance, 
 the shilling, rich, deep green of the leaves, and tiie compara- 
 tively slow growth and compact habit of the tree. It is also 
 one of the lates*, ilowering Willows, the blossoms ^ehloin ex- 
 l)anding till the beginning of Juno. 
 
 PLATE XVIir. 
 
 A hrtiiifli of the na/nnd ace. a. The ni/'sul:. 
 
 WESTERN YEf.LOW AVILI.OW. 
 
 RaI.IX I.ITKA. F'lln'y iii-iilo-hiihrnhii:.^- iiciitis lir'ilcf :<irn(l<llis i/l'iliri.<, 
 .■<Hjiii/i.i hiiinlis. iiiihiilii prufiii-iliii.s linriliH-'' i-i/liiif/nifci.-; i/rniiiiiili'(.'' 
 
 Tui:-; i.^ a sninllisii arlioivsce"* .-pecies of Willow, which in- 
 Jiabits tiie Rock}' Mountain region, nmi jiroceeds westward to 
 the liiinks of the Oregon, but is llo^vllere ci>mnii>ii. It attains 
 to tlu^ magnitude of a suiail true, ami at first glanco appears 
 
^ 
 
St'ilix liiira . 
 
 It'i'S/i'/'f/ \ vV//'H WlltoH 
 
 ■ V/i-z/r' Jiiitnr 
 
no 
 
 ///, 
 ev 
 til 
 of 
 
 Cll 
 
 ar 
 Ik 
 
 re 
 
 Vi 
 
 tl 
 111 
 ii 
 II 
 )i 
 y 
 tl 
 
WESTERN YELLOW WILLOW. 
 
 79 
 
 iioarly iillicd to tho common yellow-twiggi'd Willow (.V. ritiJ- 
 limi,) but it nevor grows so liirgc, and is, after tho very first 
 evolution of the leaf-buds, perfectly smooth, with none of those 
 tnfis of hairs which in that species appear at the interior base 
 of the bud; it likewise possesses stipules, and bears short, close 
 catkins, with smooth capsules, and the serrulations of the leaves 
 are not glandular, indeed scarcely visible, the leaf appearing to 
 have a thin and often almost entire diaphanous margin. 
 
 It is at the same time a very elegant and distinct species, 
 remarkable f(jr its smooth bright-yellow branches, and pale 
 green, rather small, lucid leaves. It is well deserving of culti- 
 vation for the sake of variety, and is undoubtedly hardy from 
 the climate it inhabits. The leaves are rather narrow, more 
 lanceolate than ovate, acute, or somewhat acuminate, about an 
 inch and a quarter long, and less than half an inch wide. The 
 minute serratures or serrulations are rather crowded, but very 
 minute and shallow, aiid not in the least cartilaginous. The 
 voung leaves before evolution are silky and white beneath, ..at 
 the i)ul)escence wholly disappears with their expansion. 
 
 PLATE XIX. 
 
 A branch of the mtural si:e uulh faille catldns. a. The eapsule. 
 
HOOKER'S WILLOW. 
 
 Sm.ix IIookehiana, (Barriitt, Mss.) /{, 
 
 'thh'. rolnifilts inihcurenlilms, 
 
 jiiiiiiiril)H!i <htit>c Idiiiciiliisii-liiiiiili.i, foia.s Idle ohomtis fere suhrotundatis 
 rii/iil!iisriilis .vi rroli.s ninri/iiie jilniiis fiijira ('tdiilli.'') nudlHSculls sulitiia 
 (')nitnhi.'io-liii(((li.-', slijiiilii [.v(«//roc(/((^'.v,] anifiill.'i ci/l/iulracciii crassis, 
 f '11.(11 iiiiy hiiii/c (kitsiadiiii' laiinli.% oriiriiv laitijc !<lljjit<(tis lawaihitis ijhilKr- 
 riiiiif', ■■'I'lhi hriciii.'iciilo, t!li(/m(ilcs lubis Intfym. — lluoic, Flor. Vnn: Am., 
 vol. ii. p. 145, t. 180. 
 
 Tins .small true, nourly allied to S. cincrca, wo found of" (?om- 
 mon occurrence in the lower i)art of the territory of Oregon 
 toward the .sea, particularly fre(|U('nt on the niar^^in.s of ponds 
 and in wet place-s near the outlet of the Wahlaniet, where it 
 attained the hei;:ht of eight or ten I'eet. It was also found in 
 the territoi'y of Hudson".-* Bay, near the Grand IJajiids of the 
 Saskatcdiewan, hy Dou<rlas. The leaves arc remarkably ])rotean 
 in their form, sometimes wholly- soft and villous on both sides, 
 more connnonly so beneath, the nature of the pubescence also 
 varying till it at times reseud)h's in appearance and to the touch 
 the most Ijrilliant velvet; the old leaves are generally obovate, 
 smooth and sliining above, often nearly .so beneath, and tiien of 
 
 a bluish-"reen or glaucous In 
 
 tl 
 
 lev are, moreover, lioih acute 
 
 and olituse, sometimes even rianided at the extremit\ 
 
 uid are 
 
 icnerallv anion 
 
 ir the larirest. or at least widt'st, oi" Willow leave 
 
 The sti])u]es on some branches are very conspiciKais, circular, 
 
 nts are extremely jiilose in an 
 
 iiid serrated 
 
 'J"i 
 
 ih 
 
 le mal(> ame 
 
 early stage, as in our A', cuii'ifi ni, to which this species m;ikes 
 some approach; the stamens are two to each scale. The cap- 
 sule is ovate-lanceolate iind veiy smooth, the style elongated, 
 and tlie stigmas two and imlivided. 
 
 The twigs of this species are llexible, but the wood is too 
 80 
 
15 L U X T-L E A V E D W I h L W. 
 
 81 
 
 Kiiiiill for almost any oconoinioal cmplojnicnt. TIic old wood of 
 th<! trunk oC S. aiprea or the Sallow, so much liko tliu present 
 species, is much esteemed by wood-turners. 
 
 BLUXT-LEAVED WILLOW. 
 
 8aI.IX FLAVKSCKXS. JuiIUs (iIkiI-hI!.^ ."Illilnncfuhtlifi Jl(ir(sfin(c lunli^ihu'ix 
 iiiliiji-iii diiiiiiiii (jhdiris, .k/IjiiiIi's j)iirnili.s giil/i<iiiiir(inl((/:s dt n/ii-nliilis, 
 aiihiili/i prcLcodbiu^, iVjiaidiii lunwAatis scriciv-piiliisccitliljas, .ylii/iiKilibii.'i 
 
 We mot with this shrnijhy species in the range of tlie Eocky 
 Mountains, and we are doul)tl'ul if it is not also an inhahitant 
 of Europe. It agri'os \fry ncai'ly with the Obtuse-leaved 
 AVillow of Willdenow, {S. (jhtusi/olia,) of which we have seen 
 no specimens, and which is apparently a very obscure species, 
 said to be a native of the Lapland AIjjs. Ours is a large shrub, 
 with much of the aspect and general character of the firay 
 Will 
 Will 
 
 ow, wliich is indeed the typo of a group of kindred 
 ows. For a good while the leaves still ronniin downy, pai-- 
 tii'ularly on the under surface, which is tinged also with jjalo 
 yellow. The leaves, wlien old, are about one and a half inches 
 long, three-rpiartors of an imdi wide or more, wedge-shaped at 
 
 lanceolate, quite smooth, entire ap- 
 
 t!ie base, obovato or ol) 
 
 parently, yet the stipules are denticulate. The branches an 
 
 br 
 
 own 
 
 or dark puride. The catkins are short and cylindric, 
 the scales blackish, hairy, and obtuse, the capsules white and 
 silky; the stylo is distinct, and the four stignuis long and 
 pubescent. 
 
 V.ii,. IV.— c 
 
POXD WILLOW. 
 
 S.\r,ix STAfiNALis. FdVls ohhni'in-hi'nccuhUs ohtiisia ink(in-rmns han 
 ciiiiKttis siililds jmhcsccnlihus, stipuUs milUs, amtnlis cuahituli, cdpaalis 
 lanccolali.s wuhiiiiatis saiccis, squamis sublanccohitis. 
 
 This is another sjiccios iiidiiicnoiis to tho hanks of tlio Oregon, 
 related to the same section ^vitil the hist. The twigs are dark 
 brown and sk'nih-r, and tlie leaves scattered beneath vitii a 
 niinnto brown ])iil)eseence, which oonnmniicates a somewhat 
 rusty appearance to tlie k-aves; they are about one and a Indf 
 inelies long and one-half to three-quarters of an inch wide; in 
 the bud tlie}' ai'(? covered with long silky hairs. The capsules 
 are remarkable for their great attenuat' m and length; the scales 
 of the anient are oljlong-laneeolate • d hairy. We have not 
 seen the male plant, and our account is therefore iinperHjct. 
 
 VELVET WILLOW. 
 
 Salix cuxdata. Fiili'is hinciuhilix chhnujisrc apicc .vihucrrtihids arnlin, 
 hasi enncatis rjlnhris .vthlns hnlnacrlnin, slipiiUn wbiutis yhrixqiir )»illis\ 
 nmcvtiK cowhtncis dongalis, capsulis ovatts scriccis, stiyiiiiililnis hm-^lmf! 
 
 This l)eautiful Willow wo found growing in clumps near the 
 rocky margin of the Oregon nt its confluence witli the Wahia- 
 met, attaining the height of six or eight feet. The branches 
 are slender, and, according to their age, vary much in appear- 
 aiKie, at first villous and down}-, but at a later period bit)wn, 
 and sometimes ipiite blue, with a glaucous bloom. Tiu; leaves. 
 
WESTERN roNl) WILLOW. 
 
 83 
 
 with tlicir .sliort iK'tiolos, mciiHiire about two iiiclK>s, ami arc 
 about liull" an iucli wide, pubescont abovo, at Icniitli nearly 
 suiootb, and deep groon, but always clad boiu'atii with a whitifih 
 closo tomoatum, producing all the brilliant display of the finest 
 velvet. The male flowers we have not seen. The fennde cat- 
 kins are rather long, loose, and subcylindric, often accompanied 
 at the base by two or three leaves, and come out when the 
 leaves are considerably grown. Tlie capsules are silky, short, 
 ovate, and acute; the style short, and the stigmas four and 
 smooth. The scales of the catkin are brown and oval, some- 
 what hairy, and nuich shoiter than the capsules. In the 
 narrow-leaved varieties, the leaves ai)pear almost wholly entire. 
 The broader-leaved i)lants bear some resemblance to the CJrav 
 AVillow, but the serrulations are minute and the stipules very 
 small, or wliolly wanting. 
 
 WESTERN POND WILLOAV. 
 
 Salix MACiiocAiu'A. Fuliis lanccohdii amjushdis ftihinliijirriniis iilrimjitc 
 anit'iti fidnirmiiinalifs dcnnnn r/lnbri--^ .sithliis (jhaicis, .slipidi.i uh.^dhlis, 
 aiiicidis fiKiliincis (liaiulris, atpsull.s rr.nlru'u.'^ifi caiidali^ ifhibritifcidis 
 jicdiccUutis, fli(/iii(itd)iis fiditicfiillliitii 'jH'idrijidid. 
 
 This species, like our Pond Willow {S. i/risai.) to which it is 
 closely related, is found forming cluui[)s in wet jilaces where 
 the water is stagiuiut, — situations which it always .'icems to 
 prefer to the banks of running streams. It attains the height 
 of three or four feet. Tlie branches are smootii and brownish 
 black, sometimes glaucous or whitish. The leaves (about two 
 to three inches long and half an inch wide) are at first covered 
 with a browni.sh silky down which disappears with age, when 
 
84 
 
 SOFT-IiK AV K 1) W 1 L I. () W. 
 
 they bei'oiiio dnrk jirccii aiic] bluisli white, of j'liiiii'oiis he- 
 iii'utli; (hey iirc iisimlly very aciitc, and mostly ciitiiv. The 
 catkiiiH are small and oMon;.'. with two or thi'ee li'uves at the 
 base of the iietliocl ; the scales of the stamens an; small and 
 hlaekish, oval and obtnse, somewhat hairy. The female aments 
 havo very short pedicels, and ]irodneo at the li:'-o about two 
 li'aves; the scales are narrow d linear; the cajisnles pi'diuid- 
 lated, somewhat villous, but at k'ngtli nearly smooth, ventricosu- 
 lanceolate, with long i)oints, and nearly sessile stigmas. 
 
 SOFT-LEAYED WILLOW. 
 
 SaMX SKSSIT.IFOr.IA. F<iU(S hi 
 
 nliifi: 
 
 i.s .ycssililiHs in'iili.t.siiiii.s niiii'c .v^/y.vcc- 
 
 ridnfis (vV/i/.v/.v iiudli/jii.^; !</iimll.'i nidll.s, aiiniiUs sirnlinls iliandr 
 
 "I 
 
 Hhlirt h 
 
 ,lu 
 
 'annllt 
 
 nip. 
 
 'ills III 
 
 i/'iH.s kniiiiuililjKs ; f/rniiii)i 
 
 ijldbrk, ffli/lo jimfdndc bipur/ila iftli/inatdjit.i b'Jidls 
 
 'thills ihiicnn fidi- 
 
 Tiiis beautiful and very distinct species of Willow 1 
 
 lormei 
 
 1 
 
 dense tufts on the rocUy Ijorders of the Ori'gon, at the eon- 
 fluence of the Wahhunet. attaining to the heiglit of about six 
 
 to eight feet, and win 
 
 11 
 
 n HI llower appeared as sliowy as a 
 
 sir 
 
 Mi- 
 
 mosa. It is remarkably leafy, and the leaves ai'e hoary, with a 
 rather long and somewhat copious jmbescenee, which eonuiui- 
 nicates a softness to the touch euual to that of velvet ; whether 
 
 the 1( 
 
 d'terward Ijeconii' more smooth or not 1 canufit say. 
 
 but think it probable. Ditlerent from almost every other Wil- 
 low I havi^ sce)i, the catkins each terminate so many small, 
 lealy branches about two inches long, exclusive of the catkin 
 or spike, which is itself about one and a half inches, in both 
 sexes attenuated at the base; these brancldets, as well as the 
 leaves, are whitish, with soft hairs, particularly the former, but 
 
IMIOSTU ATE AY I L LOW. 
 
 85 
 
 Htill the ;,'rcpii color of tlic k'iif prcdoniiiiatas; (ho points of tlu- 
 k'iivi's lire .sonii-wliiit ri>;iil, sliiirply ucuto, and, uiilik(! nio.xt 
 
 otluT species, they uve 
 
 destitute of petioU's or footstalks; the 
 
 S{ 
 
 ales of the anient are oval and unusually conspicuous, nion 
 
 () to 
 
 hairy in the staminifcrous flower. The stamens ii-- 
 ii scale. The capsule is pul)escent and lanceolate, at Iciifjth 
 nearly smooth; the stigmas four, and ratlier long. No ves- 
 tiges of stipules ajjpcar in any of our numerous specimens; the 
 older hranches are dark hrown. 
 
 It is dillicult to decide on the afTinitirs of this very distinct 
 hich at a little distance rescmhles a Piulni or hiifi>- 
 
 les, ^v 
 
 spec 
 
 ilnidfoii, the leaves heing e(iually gray and silvery, w itli soft 
 hairs, which are so eciually distrihutcd on either surface as to 
 ohliterate the presence of the veins and render lioth surfaces 
 almost similar. It a])pears, in some respects, to reseinl)h! 
 ,S'. ,trrwn-iii, the Sand Willow, hut thi; late appearance of the 
 uments and their remarkahle disproportion are almost without 
 a parallel. 
 
 rilOSTRATE WILLOW. 
 
 SaI.IX IIHACIIVCAUI'A. F'><''i>: (irnli.< hnirinhit'iard iWllH-i sillisi.--.--i'l!/ii/-i llllc- 
 qiirimis (•(■;i('rco-/)/if/)i'wv/(///<".v .■^ulilns iiicdiinrHhisIs, sllpiili'' iinlli'.-\ anii-ii- 
 lis coivtiiiKls ///•, (■/7»^^■ i/l.iiihnili'.^, i;iji.<iili.i uruli-- ulihiri-hitis tit)iuiiii>si<, 
 .•^■lii/iii'ililiiis .v((/y.sc,v.>' ////<"■•■■. 
 
 This singular prostrate and dwarf Willow we nu^f witli in 
 (he Kocky Mountain range, on tlie horders of ]?ear lliver. a 
 .•lear. rapid Iirook cutting ils way through hasaltic dikes to tiie 
 curious lake of Timpanogos. in New Mexico. This locality is 
 likewise famous for the numerous selt/er s])rings, so strongly 
 impregnated with carbonic acid as to sparkle and ellervesce 
 
Si! 
 
 riloSTK ATE WILLOW. 
 
 lil<(' clifinii)nj:ni'. Oiii' ImiilorH (uilled tliciu tlif '■ Mccr Spring 
 
 tllK 
 
 I. r< 
 
 il (l:i\' ill) 
 
 il a liiilC that we 
 
 it at this iiioiiKiiiili 
 
 lilac.'i', tilt' watci's all'onU'd us a most tlclicious tivat (liirin;^ tlio 
 
 warm wcatlicr, in 
 
 th 
 
 th 
 
 I 
 
 ind plains. In an open, niar>]iy situa- 
 
 tion, (lu the margin of tlu; rivor-lori'st, jjrew an ahiiiKlancc of 
 tiiis cMiri(jiis, (k'prc'SSL'd, and hoary shrub, wliicli has soiiicwhat 
 till' aspect ul" the European Sand Willow, (.V. niriinriK ;) Imt il 
 is much molt' dwarf, with the leaves smaller and alwa\s hoaiy 
 with puhesceiice. The .stem hraiiehes Irom the base, only rising 
 four or five inches above the surface of the earth, but with 
 many diffuse, tough, woody branches, which spread out into a 
 circle of a foot or more. The root-stock is woody and thick; 
 the branches full of cicatrices, pubescent, but brown beneath, 
 thickly covered with small leaves, which in some phints are 
 elliptic-ovate, in others oblong-hmceohite, all very entire, nearly 
 
 ite, from half an iiicli to 
 
 sessile, and acute, iroiii liall an null to an inch long, about 
 three lines \vide; above always gray with pubescence, but 
 beneath rather whitely villous ; some t)f tlie lowest small 
 leaves are smooth on the ujiper suil'aci'. There are no stipules 
 in any of my specimens. The male llowers I have n(^t seen. 
 Tiio fertile catkins are short and somewdiat clustered, not 
 eylindric, few-flowered, the capsules oldong-lanceolate, and 
 short, villou.s, with apprcssed hairs, not densely h 
 
 uuiinious, 
 
 as m is. (irciiiu'ui^ 
 short stignnis. 
 
 ternrnated by a short, slender style and four 
 
I', 
 
 I'O 
 
 ly 
 lit 
 
 lit 
 
 ill 
 
 cs 
 11. 
 
 ot 
 
 id 
 
 IS, 
 
 ur 
 
SILVI 
 
 S.AI.IX AiuiornYLLA. 
 
 r/;/(/< ulriiiijiic oryt 
 (Iris, {•(ipsiiVs c'dlost 
 
 l.v uiir dcvimis ) 
 
 Olio of the, briinc! 
 
 its juiK'tion witli 
 
 \vitli ii licit (if fori 
 
 iiiliivi:il iKitinv, t 
 
 apiicinvd no brcal 
 
 sliot thronirh n <1«'' 
 
 rocks. Wc 'Ic-. 
 
 nioiig its iubstnic 
 
 iiIohl; tiic m!ir;riiii 
 
 without any ct'Si- 
 
 iKiilftl with siitis: 
 
 almost cov«?5K'd b; 
 
 uiicf. which provi 
 
 tidii. a very enr-.j 
 
 Mock OraiiL'o, (i 
 
 spiciioiis vejictalli 
 
 Ahiiis. (-1. Ori'(io. 
 
 the Long-leaved 
 
 villi ])hiin and the 
 
 This sjiecioH b( 
 
 in heidit. as silve 
 
 the branches are 
 
 hairs. Tiie leave 
 
 shining, silk}' do 
 
 hide the > eins a 
 
 without luoi-italk 
 
SILYER-LEAYED WILLOW. 
 
 S.M.ix AKii'irn\Li.A. FiiUls Uhiiiri-mhhtnrcijIiiUft aoulls S('.-<!<(ll/)i(.s inlcf/ir 
 riiii's iilrliiqiit' arijcnko-xcriceis, M'qndis ol/soldi^, amcnils scrolini.^ d'uiti- 
 
 iln^, riipsilli'i villiisis Idllt'Ojldlis. 
 
 In our (Ic'vidiis pnigvcss tn llir West, we at loii.titli niiproachod 
 one of the liianclu's lA' tin' Orc.iioii, tlie rivci' Boisi'o, tiiwaril 
 ils jiiiH-tioii with tlie Slioshoncc ; its Iwiik.s wore imt IViiigcd 
 with 11 helt of forest, Init >o stripped oi' every chiinicter of tin 
 iiihivial nature, tiiat when we suddenly approached it there 
 appeared no hreak in the phiin, and tlu; clear and rapid flood 
 shot throuirh a deep, p.rpendicidar cluism of rolunniiir hasaltic 
 ro-'ks. We dex-i-nded toward its Iti'ink and pursued our jiatli 
 along its «»I>trncted hanks, clind)ing ov<'r fearful rocks and 
 along tliC mjirgins t)f impending precipices : night approached 
 without any cvsKation of our incessant toil. At length we 
 hailed with siitisfartion a small portion of the river-huttoni, 
 almost covieu'd by hJA Ijushes of a reniarkahle. silvery appear- 
 ance, which proved t,( }je the suhject of our pn'seiit exaniiniv- 
 ti(m, a very ciiri^iu:! species ot Willow, which, with a kind of 
 Mock Orange, {PhntHMplms.) conijiosed nearly all the con- 
 sjiicuous vcLii-tation ut' till- stei'iie cliasni. At length our new 
 Alnus. (.1. Ofi'i/niKi.) the 5f arrow-leaved IJalsiun Poplar, and 
 the Long-leaved tree Willow, gave oviden(;e of an ample, allu- 
 vial plain and the pro^^inlit_^ "i' the Great Shosiiont'c. 
 
 This spi'cies lieco«m»»^ a i«i«rtil t»>(> from twdxc to fifteen I'cet 
 in height, as sii\i-rv aH«* white as tlii' /(»'.,</,/,///■,,„ nn/i nf' nm ; 
 the branches are brown, but tlie twigs are hoary with vil!.)Us 
 hairs. Tiie leaves are very much crowded, soft, with wliitish, 
 fihining. silky down, so almiuiant on I'ither side as wholl}* to 
 liide tlie 'ins and iieail_\ (he midrib; thiy are also nearly 
 without li)ni-<taiks, entire on tli** nu»r;rin. vi' a narrow, linear 
 
 87 
 
88 LONMf-Sl'l KE 1) WILLOW. 
 
 outline and sliiirply aciito, with a distinct, bri.^tly point, ono 
 and a liali" to two inclifs loni^-. and only aljout tln'ce lini'.s wide. 
 Stipules small and linear, seldom seen. The ament.s come out 
 late with the leaves, and the liower-hrunches pi"oduco from four 
 to seven leaves. The male anient is small and narrow, with 
 the scales hmceolate and villous; the leniale aments are oblong, 
 tiie capsules hmceolate and villous. 
 
 The wood of this s[)ecies, tliougli .small, js very white, sniootli, 
 an :' close-grained : the species nuist .also he hardy, well worth 
 cultivatiuii', and would then proljahly grow to a considerable 
 size. We jierceivc no allinity tliat this species bears, I'xcept 
 perhaps to the S. (iii'jaxlij'iliii of the borders of the Caspian, 
 from which at the si'me time it is probably very distinct. 
 
 rL.VTK .\.\. 
 
 A hi-iiiK-h (;/' //((' iiiiini'al a/ci'. a. Tlic male cidkin. Ii. Tin: ciiii.'<idc. 
 
 L(L\(.l-SlMlvKD WILLOW 
 
 iSai.ix riiACRosTAi'HYA. F"lits loioiri-.i'iid'nx', (liih's ilom/iilis rrmnfr sirrn- 
 liili^ iiiiifi.i >tiriiiijiii tir'iiii/ii-sirli'i!.i,i<llj>iilts !>^miuriili,-< ifuri(ftii.<i, ununfi.^ 
 
 /'///(//.v.>7';/(<V ylCir''"v7M«s. Ciljisilli.-' Iilli'iiilfllls iltmitlll (/IHAf^'l.'^i'llis, 
 
 Wk met w:rh mis species spiriiiily 'n Hk* hanks of tin' 
 Oregon. It l«'ars strong rcAMublftncf ro th«' hi.Nt. without, 
 liowover. Ijein-: any waj> iniiraately wWit'ii to it. It forms a 
 .slender Inish. reiuarkiible tin its -^iyilh an»l silvery pubescence, 
 which apiH'ars as soft and glo.ss^ Ji?ivel\el: the twigs are i»>so 
 ])nl)escent. The li'aves are two to tiuve inches lorn:, two or 
 three lim - wiiii'. distiiuth- .>;> rruliitrd. and neai'h sessile, witU 
 
R I \ E H W 1 T. T, O W, 
 
 81) 
 
 till' \oiiis ronsiiii'iioiis tlir n,u'li tlu' ])iil)t'S('ciic('. Tlic fcinalc 
 I'utkiiis, with tlu'ir jK'diiiiclcs, are tliive or iuiir iiiclies in Icnj^tli; 
 till- (Mpsiili's iiro nearly sessile, and at lengtli hnt slifihtly [)ni)es- 
 ( rnt. In this species tiiere are distinet stipnle.s on the younj^' 
 Inanclies. 
 
 KIYEll A\ ILLOW. 
 
 S.M.IX FLIIVIATIMS. Fo/(V.v /('/ii i/W/xM tdri)li/IIC iicidiliicilis, KillildHi'i'iildli-' 
 
 xjiiindo.so-si rnifin ihiiunn f/lnltri-i foiii-nloriliii.^, sli/ndi.s niillis, tiiiuii/i.i 
 
 Hi rulillfS j){(/llllcil((lli.'< I'illiisi.i lUdllllri-^, ■■<i/lliliiii.s ol/lniiijl-^, JfU'til/llfi luiirCn- 
 luli.^- i/ldl/ris paUi'tUdtis, .■i/liJIiKlliliiis .^i..^\^(t!li(ls. 
 
 This s[)ecies lines the innnediate linnier of the ()rei;i)n, a little 
 l;eln\v its coniliience with the Wahlaniet, attaininii' the hei,Liht. 
 of ahont six I'eet or more. We helieve this i.s also the same 
 Willow that wc mistook I'or the Long-leaved species of Pnrsh 
 and Mnhlenberg, {Solii- /(nii/i/n/io,) which so commonly lines the 
 hanks of the Missonri and Misslssijipi, and whicii often Ibi'ms 
 the exclusive growth of the suuili islands and sandbars, prepar- 
 ing these waters, recovered from the ll(W)d, I'or a superior growth 
 of trees; and they are also aecompanii'd and succeeded commonly 
 liy the Cottonwood (Pnj>iihi.s f'<ni'ii/i nsi.i.) We met with tiiis 
 species likewise on the hanks of Lewis IJiver of the Shoshonce, 
 acconn)anying our Long-leaved Willow, both of whicli eontinnt^ 
 almost uninterruj)tedly to occupy the banks and liars of all the 
 Western streams to the Oregon, and proceed along that river to 
 the bordfi-s of the I'acifii'. 
 
 In this ri'iuarkably llu\iatile species, the leaves of the very 
 young plants are somewhat j)innatilid, and at all times the 
 seriiituri's. rather distant, are sinuated and very sharp or spinu- 
 losely acute. The bi'anches are brownish and very full of lea\-es. 
 'I'hi' leaves, two to three inehi's long. n\v seldom moi'e than two 
 
 IV li' 
 
00 
 
 SLENDER W ILLO \V. 
 
 linos wide, except in the youn,!;' slioots, ^vlicn tlicy iiiv t\vic(! 
 that l)roiultli. 'i'iic In'iuiciii's producinj;- tlii' mule llowers are as 
 (<liurt as usnal, hearing only three or I'onr small leaves; the cat- 
 kins are narrow, solitary, and rather sliort. aiid come ont with 
 the opening of the leaves. In the I'ennde plant the inllorescencu 
 is similar with that of the male; hnt there is also produced a 
 later growth t)f catkins, which terminate proper divided liranch- 
 lets. The scales of the f(.'nKde catkin are oblong and densely 
 heardeil lielow; the germ is smooth, with 11 im' sessile stigmas as 
 in iS. luiiiji/iiltii. The young leaves are at Hrst somewhat hoary 
 and pnhescent, with minute hairs; the young plants have also 
 often (luhi'scent Hiliage. 
 
 AVe havi' met with the ,S'<i/Ij- loiK/i/o/iK on the banks of the 
 Arkansas, and it greatly I'esemlijes tlie present specii'S, but differs 
 in j)rodueing distinct stipules, in the minute serratures, and 
 above all in the pidiescent capsule and elongation of the catkin. 
 The leaves are also generally broader, and it is said to grow oidy 
 about two feet high. 
 
 SLEXDEll WILLOW. 
 
 Sai.tx K.Niin'A. Fflii's liihitriliiifi iilriii'i>ic nrtitis si()iiitliijirrii»ix nrricii--', 
 
 ^fijiiillx itillli.'-, aim litis Sil'iilini'f tluili/dlis, ctijisiil's Idnnnldlis Si'Si^ilihils^ 
 
 li iiiiiiii iiiiJiiiscidi.-i. 
 
 This species is also a nati\(' of the Territory- of Oregnn. and 
 grew with th(> preceding, which it strongly resendjles: it is, 
 however, a smaller species; with still narrower leaves, at all 
 times more or less gray and silky; the serrulations are mostly 
 wanting, though very minute ones are sometimes seen : (lie 
 cai)snles are smaller, and not pedicellated. The mali' [ihuit I 
 have not seen. The branches are reddish brown and snuioth. 
 
I{0UX1)-lkam:i) amllow. 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 S.\Lix U()TUM)iriii,i.\. luJii.t i<iilir()>iiiiiliM or(ilif--rc laiiiiilissinii' utrrnluli'* 
 
 I'll iii/it/ri'ilsciili': iilrili'/in (/liilir>-i CnUfdhn'iliUS, jtilinHs i-iiilillliniilijiil'i.'<is, 
 .-tl^liiilis iiiti.riiiii.-: ililiiliitn-i iii'(litti.i nil iiilir'liiare'''i//iiiiiliilii.<{/-.--i n'lili'', min iihs 
 ii'ii/iiiidd iliiuidrts Idnuijiii'ixl-t, (■iijitiiili.t </liiliri-- Iniiixuliitis, .-ili/lis i /.,((//')//.<. 
 ^i OVATA. J-'u(i'is orali.'i (irilli.i ilctisi' wrrnl'ili.^. 
 
 This (l\v;ii-faii(l ri'innrkiil)k> ."pocicn of Willnw, attaiiiiiii;' iilMnit 
 two I'cct ill liciijlit, was obtained in tlio gorjic of a \<>i\y aljiinu 
 rasiiir. tliri)ii;;li wliich we fruitlessly cndeavoivd to jiass. It was 
 ill till' moll til of. I Illy, anil the [lerpetual snows wliirli still cox en 'd 
 tiie iiiouiitains niii!L:leil tlieiroutliiie with the slvies. On tiie skirt 
 ul' this iivliil reiiioii j;i'ew our present snhjeet. AVo named this 
 S'-ene of (oil and (lisa|iiiointnieiit TliornlMiiyhs Pass, (or ratliei' 
 lasini'. as no passajro was [iracticahle,) from tin. man who iindei- 
 foolv to he our iiuiile. It was ill the eeiilral ehaill of (he IJoclxV 
 Mouiilaiiis. and near (o the ]iass of the .Shoslionei'S. whieii the 
 li>I!owinii' day we a(tained. 
 
 AVe know of no s|)ecies with whieh we ean eoni|iare (Ids 
 A\'illow. The older hranelies are hi'own. smooth, and full of 
 ciead'iees left hy i'aves that have ^rown near toi^cther. tiisiny; 
 the jilant a stunted appearance; the petioles arc ahon( hall' an 
 iiieh long, with the yonni:er hranelies hairy; (he yoniificr leaves 
 are also somewhat so on the niidiih. The leaves are near!}' 
 round. I'roni one ;nid a half (o three inelies wide, and ahoiU (he 
 same in leiinlh. (liouLih some of the latei-prodiieed leaves are 
 o\aIe and someliinis e\en aeii:- ; ho(h sides are eipially ureeii, 
 the marjiin in the ovale haves elegantly and very closely 
 .serrulated, hut in (he round leaves tlu' serrnlations are olteii 
 nearls ol)li(ei'a(ed. Tlu' sdiades are \ei'y laiye. wide, and heart- 
 shaped, linely serrated with ,i;Iandidar points; at len;;(li they 
 become inembranaeeons and tlecidiions. The male aineiits are 
 ubloiiL', lai'i^c. and sessile, the scales blackish and mate, piodiic- 
 
 !i| 
 
02 
 
 MIM'TH W[Ll,(iW, 
 
 iiiLr pnpioiis wliitc Iiiiirs loiijicr tliiiii tlicir wIkiIc k'liLi'tli; tlic fila- 
 iiiciits iuv very loiii;'. Tlio ruiiiMlc aiiiciits jii-ow on tliick istiilUs, 
 1111(1 liiivo tliL' scales also very woully; tlic capsiiU's arc siiiootli 
 ami Dvato-acumiiiato; tlic style is loii^', tcnniiiati'd by lutir 
 sti,!j,'mas. The nnilr-lmru/ vsivicly was collected by the lute Dr. 
 Gairdiicr, uu tbe hills of tlu' Wahlamct. 
 
 MIXUTE WILLOW. 
 
 S.M.IX NIVALIS. I'Wiis oriililiii.-i .^>il,.-.ji(ll/,iilii/i.< iiili iji rrhiiis (/hif,ris iilitii>!.^', 
 
 ,^iili/iis ciii/ruliiriliii.-: nliC'd'iti-'', (iiiii III!'' si ml/'nis /n dici Ihiiis jimirijluri!', 
 I/I niiiiiiljKs iirnl.i.i Kiriiu'i.i .^1/111111111: ijlulinr ,v/'/Mr hiiKjinriJiiis, .^lii/iiinli/iiif 
 
 Sdhsi-s.-'illhltS'. 
 
 Salix iiiriii:.<. — II()OKi:ii. Fliii'. [5i)r. Am., aoI. ii. 
 
 This clc^iaiit and Ncry diiiiiinitiNc shrub, iiicrcl}- ab.-ut Iwu 
 inches lii.iih. Mas obtaiiU'd in the same al[iine raviiu' as the 
 roi'iiicr, but on a })laiii eleviitcd to the \<'ry line of jicr[ieliial 
 snow, at the hcijiht of about llt,OU() feet abo\e the ocean-K'vel. 
 'I'lie stems are smooth, brown, and woody, sending out \('i'y few 
 short branches terminated by scanty tufts of smooth coriaceous 
 leaves, two or three lines wide and about four liin's long. 'J'lie 
 male plant we have not seen; the female catkin is jirodiiei'd 
 njioii ii pubescent jiedicel nearly its length; the llowcrs are 
 about si.\-, sessile, and the sulitcndiiiu- scales smooth, rctiisc, and 
 
 iiersiMl 
 
 The germ is short-o\ate and silks', ti 
 
 ited 
 
 essile or almost sessile tjuadrilid stigma, 
 
 'i'his s[)ecies is allied to the tSnlix iiii/ziil/oii/is^ but at tl 
 ime perfectly distinct. 
 
 le same 
 
 I'LATE .MX. 
 
 .1 fi rtilc /iliuil iif llii: ludaral iiuii/iillih/c. <i. A hof. h. Tin i/maif/ ccjisidc 
 
 mill ttf: s<:al.c. 
 
r 
 
IM. XXI 
 
 Dutkv Wllhm- 
 
 StlljV McllllKlpSI.S 
 
 S-lit/f ntiira/rr 
 

 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 V 
 
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 Photograpnic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 33 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
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 V 
 
 
DUSKY WILLOW 
 
 S.U.IX MKI.A.NiirslS. l-'i,li(s lii((iiri-l'tl(Ciiiliili.^ ,<(/•/•"/'/''.>' (jhibfis lift.-l iilliiiii- 
 iili.< n'.r jidioUUi-; ,'i/ijii/lls imllis, unii nti-i i-iiiiliiinis iliiiiidri-^, .^iiiiiiiiiis 
 alri'lli.S olilil.fl.-:, I'lipsilUs ijlillif'is liliiriiililti.i .silll-ii .^siHIiil.':. 
 
 Tins spi'i'irs, which I havt- called Dusky Williiw IVuiii the 
 dark ai)[)caraiicc it assaim-s Ui drying, wo met witli at our 
 station called Fort Hall, in the jilains of the liocky 31o\intains, 
 on tiie alluvial lands of Lewis Itiver of tlu' Slioshonee, not 
 growing in masses, hut scattered over the hanks of the river in 
 tiie more elevated situations, and tiiere attaining the magnitude 
 of a small tree twelve to fd'teen feet high, with a spreading 
 snnniiit, and when in llower forming a very elegant object. It 
 is closely ndated to the Triitiiilnniy Willnir of Kuroiie, {Sii/i.c 
 tfiiiiiilni.) hnt still sullicieutly distinct. It ne\er, like that 
 species, hi't'omes a coiisidertihle tree, hut more resembles in its 
 nnignitndf and mode of growtii (un* conntion Hlack ^Villow, 
 (,S'. iiiijrd.) The wood is white and dose-graineil as in that 
 species: the 3(nuig branches ajipear blackish-brown in a dead 
 state, and the young leaves appear also wvy dark; they are 
 aliout an in<'h and a half lung, and about three lines wide, 
 attenuated at the base, so as to present no distinct ])etiol(', 
 acute above, with minute serratures; thert! are no hairs at 'he 
 ba.sc of the bud. as in .V. Iriiiiii/ni. The male tlowering brancli- 
 lels are provided with live or six leaves; the catl.iiis linear and 
 elongated, witii dusky |)ubesci'nt scales, marked each with about 
 live striatures. The female catkins are railicr short, and the 
 fruit smooth, with sessile stignnis, as in other species of this 
 paii-icul.ir grouj). 
 
 PLATE .\XI. 
 
 A hniifli iif llii' iiitliinil ■■<uc. «. Tin: .^ci ill-. Ii. Tlnslniiuii. r, Thi (/ini). 
 
!)4 
 
 IJLACK WILLOW. 
 
 Tlic Sai.ix THiANKitA ,«i) Dearly all'iL'd to tlio prosont spocics, 
 lu'Cdiius ii tri'f tliii'ty ii'ct liiiili, ami is rr('(jiu'iitl\- iilaiitod in 
 osier jii'oiinds lor tlie liasket-iiiaker; but tlie Lest kind ])laiited 
 fur tills |)iirp(>se is tlie (Is'n r. properly so called, (A', rim inn lis,) 
 uliicli iiiiiilit Li' propagated in almost evei'y part of the United 
 States. 
 
 BLACK AVILLOW. 
 
 Sai.ix .mcisa, Mii/i.. Arli.. vol. ii. plate I'J'i, (iu;. 1. A variety 
 ol' tliis tree oeeiirs ill Soiilli Carolina ami I''l<aida. in uliieli the 
 leaves lire \illoiis and llii' scales of the anient deiiseh' laiinuiii- 
 oiis. Ill the heiliaiiiim of .Mr. Schweinil/ it was marked, on 
 the authority ol' Klliott, as a spi'eies A'. Kiil>rilliis,i. 
 
 This tree, a native of all the States from New Knjiland to 
 Florida, and west nearly to the loot of the Ilocky .Monnliiiiis, is 
 one of the few iiati\i' spi'eies which Lecomes a tree, attaiiiiiii^ 
 tli<' heisiht of lifleeii to twenty-live feet, with a diameter of tea 
 to fifteen inches. It alVecIs the hanks of rivers and lakes, and 
 j2-enerally j;ro\\s near to the water, in iiioisi. occasionally over- 
 llowed. situations. In the wanner jiarts of the States it puts on 
 a handsome apiicarance. partieulaily wlu'ii in flower, but has 
 (he delect of bianchiiiir almost from the base, and leaning;- in a 
 posture mo," wild and pictiiresipie than beautiful. It has ii 
 dark-colored roiiLili bark, and the braiK'lics iiri' lirittle at tlit; 
 base; the male calkins coniini; out with the leaves are very 
 eleuant, and attractive and nsefiil to bees. In the soulliern 
 parts of the I'liion, accordinjr to Mr. Klliott, the stems when 
 Ibnnd si 'licieiitly large are employed for the timbers of boats, 
 and are found to bo light and durable. 
 
 
 ■■ 
 
WHITE WILLOW. 
 
 Ofi 
 
 The WniTK Willow {S„t!.r nih,, I-iw.) ai.i).'urs almost iiiitu- 
 ,r the rnitfil Stales. It is iiarticula.ly 
 
 ra1i/t'(l in many parts ( 
 
 al)unilant 
 iKirdc'i's oi" 
 
 tl 
 
 K' we 
 
 stern intenitr o 
 
 f New Jersey almi^' tli 
 
 tho Walllvill. It Ji-n.ws rapi-lly, Lecoming a st..ut 
 
 tree ni a lew years 
 
 va 
 
 unil in Knrope it is I'oii 
 li 
 
 sidered the most 
 
 hiahh- timher tn'e, of tlie «renns; it i)ro«liices 
 
 a white, eh 
 
 rrained wood, ea[)al)h' of reeeiviii,i: 
 
 a polisli; it ilso alVords lence- 
 
 vo< 
 
 )d, fuel, and hark Ibr the tanni'r nearly as ;;.)(k 
 
 i as that of 
 
 the Oak. 
 
 Tl 
 
 le uses o: 
 
 numerous. 
 
 It 
 
 1' WillowH and Willow-wood in Europe are \ery 
 
 le-irrained, white wood, 
 
 dl 
 
 enerally a eiosi 
 
 capable of takin;j a smoo 
 li-ht withal. Tl 
 
 th and e(iual jiolish, and remarkably 
 
 le OS 
 
 lelS are verv e.xteusive 
 
 ly used 
 
 of basket-work; 
 
 its shade, while it allbr 
 
 (loek, and honey for the bee,- 
 
 uitl, as \'iriiil remarks, the shepherd sits beneath 
 
 lis fence for his field, browsing fur his 
 
 lin's, liuiiiili'Miiii' i;c'ie t:i! 
 
 Aut illit iHCciri tViinili'iii, iiia [ki: 
 
 ■liiril 
 
 11- uiuliraiii 
 
 Sufliciuiit, sopuiii'iut' suti.s ft piiliiia im Hi.' 
 
 (iKnItlMCON, II. 
 
M A G N () L I A. 
 
 Xihiiui/ Oiih r. MacVoI.I ACi: K. (.russicil.) Liinnrtiii C/ilMx!Jir((t''un, 
 I'ol.VANDIilA. I'dl.VdYXlA. 
 
 ('ii{'/j' (if lliiro (lociiluiiMs jii't;iluiil s('1i:i1h. Curnllii of iVoin six to 
 twelve infills. Sliiiiuii.s iiimu'rims a.s well ns tlie |pistils. ('iir/iils 
 dispiisecl ill :in ilii1il'ie:iteil eoiie, 1 to li-seedeil, opeliiim liy tlio 
 (loi'siil siitiiie. Si, lis \iu]\'\. icil, siispeiiileil, « lieii ripe liaiiL'iii.lC 
 (lilt cit' till' ciiiiicl liy a loiiLT iimlMrK-al tlii'eail cuinposed ol' spiral 
 vessels. 
 
 Trees and .--lirulis willi hiri;i\ entire, alternate, deeidnoiis leaves, 
 anil solitarv, terminal, lart,'e, and nsuallv odoril'erons llowers. Cliiefly 
 natives of .North Ainerii'a, ("liina, and .laimn. 
 
 LAUGE-FLO VrEREl) ^I AG NOLI A. 
 
 MA(IX0I.Ia iil!AMilFt.olt.\, rimi. | .Mlcil., Syl v:!, ]ilate ol .) 
 
 I.\ tiic iieiglilnirliood of Suvaiiiiiili. in Gt'orgiti, and near New 
 Orlcnns, this hi|)leii(li(l tree often ])resents an almo.xt e(|iiiil, 
 Mnootli. colnnniar shal't of sixty to eij;lity feet elevation, and 
 
 * Naiiiiil tiv I.iiiiia'iis III liiiiiiir ul' I'icrrc Minjuul, a l)iit:iiii>t ul' Munliiulliir. 
 !I0 
 
LA I!(i I'M- I. (iW !■; i: K I) M A (i No I, 1 A. 
 
 iittains llic ii('i;zlit dI' oiii' iiiiiKlrcd Irct or iipwanl. willi a j^iiut- 
 I'lil, lii^li. ami sprcinliiifr siiiniiiit. On tlic trunk iil' this sprcii's, 
 iii'iir Saviiiiiiali, I oliscrvcil lar;;i' ijiiaiititics nl" ilic paiasilic aii- 
 |ilaMl. Ejiiili nil nnn ruiiupsi inn. and it a|i|i('arf(l tluTc in ^ruw on 
 no utiicr Iri'c. Ace irdin:^' to Wm. Martrani, wiio ,><a\v tlic .s|ircics 
 .•^n ahumiant in liis tunr in Floiiiia, its .■^nniinit liirnis a iiorlril 
 (■(inc. I'isinjr IVoni ii fitrai^^Iit cli'ar tiunk. rcscniliiinj^ a hcantirnl 
 coliinni; anil. IVoni its dark loliaiii' '•.-iivcicd uwv witii inilk- 
 wliiti' llowi'i'.s,"' it M si't'ii at a jiicat distance. Tlic sncccssion 
 (if tlowcrs is also Ion;.' continued; in i'avoraijle sitnations IVoni 
 May to Angnst. Tlionj^h conllned very inncii to the neiiilihor- 
 li(«>d of the wa-const, It oxtunds westward in Georfria as fur as 
 .MiliedgeviUe; and I met with it in Ahil)anni, on the lianks of 
 Utciiee Creek, aljonl twelve miles from ('olnmlius in (ieor^iia, 
 and afterward in other parts of that State down to West 
 I'Morida. It is known to the Creeks hy the native name of 
 
 TiKl/ll. 
 
 In the new edition of Duhamel, we have the followinjr ac- 
 
 »:onnt of its introduction into France. There is at Maillardiere, 
 
 ahont live miles from Nantes, a line Maj:nolia, which was 
 
 jjrouiiht from the hanks of the Mississip[ii, in IT.'l'J, and planted 
 
 in a poor soil. It grew there neglected for more than thirty 
 
 years, till M. ]{(inami, a physician of Nantes and [irofessor of 
 
 hotany there, recognised this heautiful tree to he th" Miiijiiuliii 
 
 t/niiii/ijlnni ; and at the meeting of the States of Bi'etagne in 
 
 Si'iitenilier, 17(j(), in Nantes, lie i)resented to the Princess of 
 
 llohan-Chahet a line hraiich of this Magnolia in llower, which 
 
 hecame a siiliject of conversation and inti'rest to all assi^mhlcd. 
 
 fiOiii.s XV. possessed several small plants of this species in his 
 
 garden at the Petit Trianon, hut they did not thrive ) and, 
 
 liaving heard of a Magnolia thirty-live to forty feet high, 
 
 which every year was covered with line flowers of a delieiou.s 
 
 [lerfmne, he sent two of his gardeners to ascertain if it was 
 
 possilile to transport this tree to Versailles, and. ahove all. 
 V"i. IV.-7 
 
(•H 
 
 I, A ik; \:v i.(» u k ii i: n m a (; n <» i, i \. 
 
 sliniilil llicy do xi. if it wulllil lii' ccl-tMill ti) >S\\t\y. Tlli'V Miw 
 
 the Iri'c, iiiicl. Ix'iiit: oi' i)|iiiii()ii tliat it wmild nut Mii'vivc ic- 
 iiioviil. il ^Viis siitl'iTcil to rnniiiii in its place. It was at tliat 
 tiiiii' IVniii lliir!v-lisc to liiitv Ici'l liii;li; Imt. ilmiiii; tlii' Irniililis 
 111' the civil war <il' I-a Ni'iidi'i'. it was inutilatcii. ami lust iiicot 
 tif its liiaiiclifs. Aricrwaici. tlic Imrniii;.' nl' tla- lidtisc near 
 wliicli il was |ilaiiteil liaviii^ (lainaucil its licad, tlie liraiiclies 
 Were ('i'<i|i|)e(l dowii to tiif trunk, and it a^^'ain shut out with 
 viuiir. Iiiit llie vdiniL! >liiMit<. nut liaviiiu had lime to ri|ieM. wci'e 
 (|r>triiu(l l)v the lr(i>t; nutwithstandiu;^ this i<i'Sere cheik, it 
 a;^ain recovered, and al'lerward iK'canie a fine tret-, l-vtween 
 twenty-li\e and thiily I'eet hij;h. with a lar^c. well-|ii'o|iortioni'd 
 head, and a trunk of four Hct in circui iference, the lower 
 liianches sweepini; the ^;ripund, and the whole ti'ee prodiicina 
 annually from three himdred and lii'iy to four hundred lar^v, 
 eli';.:ant. and fragrant llowcrs. The si'cds, liowe\er. never arrive 
 at pei'lecl maturity, allliiiui:h the fruit attains its full si/e and 
 renniins upon the tree till the I'ollowinix sprinjjr. Tliis tr( e still 
 esists. anil is now Ujiward of thirty I'eet lii,i:li and more than 
 one hundred years of aiie. 
 
 At Caserta, in the neiiihhorhood of Naples, this tree has 
 nttained the hei;:hl of nearly si.\ty feet. In this cliunite they 
 also ripen seeds freely. 
 
U)X(i-I.KAVKl) MA(JX()LIA. 
 
 Mai;Nii1 lA MALIUJ 
 
 I'liM.i.A. Mninix. Fliii 
 
 ir. Am., vi 
 
 1. i. 
 
 Mini 
 
 I'l 
 
 Tin; princiiml liicalitv dI' tliis Hue 
 
 spfcics liiis Ix't'ii llir many 
 
 M'lirs .•oiiriiic.l to 111.' vi.iiiity of !-iii.' 'iil"ii. N"'tli Ciin.linii, ten 
 niilcs M.utlira«l ol' IIk' town, lu'ui- or on tli.' fstnt.- of a imm 
 
 naiiicil Smitli. Tlu^ tivcs occuiiy 
 
 till' bunks of 11 .MiiiiU i^trcuiiu 
 
 iUK 
 
 111 'IViuu'^si'c. ni'iir 
 
 loMiiiy M)il. 
 til.' Ciiiihi'iliinil liiv.T, I iillcrwanl .siw ii 
 
 1 iuv iiru'tly .li.-^|>(iM'il imT it.s airlivitii'S, in a ri'li 
 
 lew Mil 
 
 ;i trcc.x of tlii.-< ^1 
 
 iri'ics; 
 
 liiit ill the winter of l^'l". i" 
 
 Mil (■\tcll>lVC 
 
 S-iiillii'iii Stali'i 
 
 tour wliii'h 1 nia.lc tliionpli tli'' int.'rior 
 
 ■r til 
 
 I nii't with al.uiKlaiifi' of the Micjnni;,! t,i,i< 
 
 lilnlllil, scvciiiy 
 CcMPsa ill l>itil> foiiii 
 
 tv mill's iVom Tuscaloosa, on tlif ban 
 
 .f th 
 
 It v. Alabama, iirowiiii. 
 
 itloin-laiKls as tlif ///* 
 
 'liiriilt 
 
 ndiiiii'iii. 
 
 ()(' till' ma.iiiii 
 
 raniicr tolil inc .-^oiiu' 
 
 tu.li' of till' Ma-iiolias -Towiiiu- in tins vuiiiily 
 
 ;■ often ill till' same 
 To ^'ivi' nil' some iilea 
 
 til 
 
 trunks iirodiK'eil sixteen 
 
 tliat till' trees were two feet in diaiiiet. 
 
 /■((//.s In llli rill. 
 
 but as timber it 
 
 was little esleenieil, no 
 
 I eiidiirinir Ihiil; in 
 
 the air. 'i'o the town 
 
 ,f Ca 
 
 lllimei 
 
 hauba. 1 still saw th.' Ma-nolia; aii.l afterward, in the 
 liale vicinity of Tuscaloosa, on 
 
 the road down the ban 
 
 )f till' J>liick Warrior 
 
 toward Florida. I ubservi'd this >\» 
 
 till' "roati'st iihiindaiii'c, o 
 
 flell as nincli as sin 
 
 tv feet in hei.Liht ; 
 
 but. beillir the .U'l.th of winter. I of course CO 
 
 uld lorm no aiie- 
 
 (luate coliceptioli o 
 viiiorons vcLivtation. 
 
 f the siileiidoi- of its ai>|iearaiice when in 
 
 K.\it-l,l.AVi;i) 
 
 .Ma(;n(ii,ia, (Mii'jiiolld luiricn 
 
 ,1 Ciiriiiiihri- Till. Mien., Sylva. p 
 
 • It). 
 
 den, at Ki 
 
 in;:', in this vicini 
 
 tv. tlr 
 
 /.(/(/, liAM. L'lii'l- 
 
 In Martruin's (Jar- 
 is a tree of this 
 
KM) 
 
 iMitiiKi.T. A \ M> Ti i.ir tim; i;s. 
 
 hpccifS Si'VflltV nr IlKilr Ircl liiu'll. lIMil willl il tlllllk nf lli( 
 iliilllirlir III' two 111 llilii' ti'ft. 
 
 I'MiiHiiiA 'I'lMi:. ^Miii/iidliii fri/Hfiilii.) Ai'<'(iriliii;_' In I'mrrssiir 
 Tiirivv. nil |»THm ^inc!- Midiaux lias ruiiiiil liiis tree in iiiiy 
 |iail nl' llic Slate nl' New Yolk. 
 
 'I"i i.U' 'I'lir.i;, {Liri'il' I'llioii /iilipi/' r<i. liiNN.) l!('s|ii'i'tiiiL' tin' 
 iioitliiTii limit- 111" tliis tree, (1. 15. KiniTsiiii. Ks(|., iiit'nrnis ini'. 
 ••I liavi' rumiil a >iii,irl'' In r nl l.iriiHlt'iulri'ii in Nurftilk coMiity, 
 Miu^siicliusctt.x. It is iilciilil'iil on Wcstli.'lil Kivcr." 
 
1)U 1 MO IM! VL LI) M. 
 
 K.NMA.M'lilA, MdMHiVMA. 
 
 l-'l.iwi'iN iii;ii.MAriiui-'iirn;, 
 
 .l\nr 
 
 riiicii'-* h|iiillniliit<' liniiir, c'li 
 
 ,1, .I.MicliKiii^, til.' liasc jKT.VlsU'iil. 
 
 Shiiiiiiiii iiiiii', 111 tliri'f ticrifH, 
 
 lifH, all r«itll<'. Iiliiniciil:- -iKii' 
 
 t, {\\f tllllM' 111' 
 
 itn' illlll'l' Allies 
 
 111.' )• 
 
 \VI 
 
 til a ] 
 
 lair •' 
 
 f n'liiiilir'li, lai-,i;<', 
 
 <h1i' ■.riamh, ii'mi- 
 
 ,r,.adi. .!/.//"/•>■ flliptir-uval.' an.l ^il^ihM•, all nycuuvj: m, 
 
 ihc iiiiu'l' >IM>'. 
 
 1.,.,.11,m1, 111.' .■••lis •■Uii:'l •""• l''""'"' 
 
 1, uilh all ll 
 
 vnlvi'S iiHi'i 
 
 iiiliiii'. Uiiifiiiiii 
 
 l-.'flK'<l, with oiu! uvul.'. .vy. .-lii'il; 
 
 utiiinin KiiiiH'W 
 
 lial (l.'in'xsi'd, .niiilato. Hnrn l-s.'O.K'd. 
 
 A sciiiju'i'viri'ii 
 
 t Kiiiall trt'i' "I' I'lil"'- Calil'iinia, 
 
 laiK'cohitc, iiiiMii 
 
 tclv riticiilati'il. iiiiiii;fii 
 
 iwiTs siiia 
 
 I, M'lli.W, >lll." 
 
 ■til, ill ^11 
 
 with altfi-iiati 
 
 Is- arninalii', t^iiionlli leave-, 
 ill tcriiiiual iiakod rhl^-ti'i's. 
 
 (Ni'arly uHictl to Oi«'< 
 
 similar and iinit'oriiily iiitmrso anlln'i'S an 
 naked, williiiiit lu'iniato ii 
 
 Aul.K't. lull with iL'tiiiaphiodile llnwcix, 
 ll aihiidiioiis lu'i-iaiith. Tin; 
 
 leaves are also 
 licit ill iiaiiiiliv 
 
 with 
 
 (lowers (if a very 
 
 •rves, and the inlloreseeliel! 
 
 I, is also nearly allied to . I/. , ■->/.<•'(.+'. <>l' N«'^''*. '"'t 
 
 dillereiit hahit, and, witli those genera, helongs 
 
 to the trilie Oui:iii>Ai'iiNi:.i;.) 
 
 Kmiii Ckji 
 
 it'itj^. iii'it 
 
 I III till- M."'' I '.Hill !,■"'■'•'"'! " '"'/• 
 
 101 
 
CALIFOIIXIAX r.AY TIJKK. 
 
 I »I!I.M"I'IIVI.I.IM I'M I U r.nlll M. 
 
 (>niTi;A .<M,ii ii'iii.iv? KiMir, Sv.Niii's.. vol. i. \<. 4")H. 
 
 Tins is a very oli',::init cvcrvnvcn tifc ul' l'|i|"'r ('ulil'tiniiti. 
 •rniwiiiir nmiiil Santa IJarlmrii. twcntv In twfiily-livc or tliirty I'nl 
 lii,;:li. witii crfft, Ififtt', iiml siiuintli liranclics. Tlie wnoA is 
 \\\i'\U' ami i-ailifr soft. Tlio leaves arc alternate, eveijifeen. 
 (•(iriaeeoiis, ))eri'ectly snioolli. three to lour inches Ion;: and 
 tliive-(|uartcrs to one anil a (inarter inches wiile, lanceohite- 
 pointeil, lint olitusc, entire, witii very intii>tiMct slcndiT lateral 
 nerves, anil stmnj^iy lait minutely reticulatcil almvc; the jiint- 
 stalUs are ahitnt two to three lines lunii. 'I'lic oilor ami taste 
 of tho h'ave.H are very aromatic, the lattei so nuieli so as to he 
 <|nite pnnjicnt, even more so than the leaves of the Hay; ami 
 tliev are eniploycil as cnniliments hy the inlialpitants. The 
 llitwcrs are in small contraitc'l clusters, at lirst surroumlcil with 
 linil scales, which iire eailucons. hut not in the tl)rm of an invo- 
 lucrnm. 'I'he Ijowcrs ari' ahout limr or li\e tn'jcthcr. on jicdicels 
 nt'arly as Ion;: as themselves. The perianth is yellowish, lun- 
 ncl-formed. and somewhat s|ircailimr. deeply (I-clci'l. the sci;menls 
 liucar-spathidate mid smooth, a little piihesceiit within toward 
 the hase. Stamens nine, with short and hroad lilamcnts. the 
 
 It hen 
 
 ih 
 
 1. 
 
 celleil, all olicu 
 
 ill'.;- Iriiiii within, the cc 
 
 paralli 
 
 \ and nearly all cipial. with the valvt's aseeiidinjr. the 
 
 iree innermost each tinnis 
 
 heil t 
 
 owaii 
 
 I the hase of the tllament 
 
 wn 
 
 h two laiyc rcnil'orm, sessile <;laiids. The perianth is deci- 
 
 duons. the hase alone hein.ir persistent, and eiili 
 1 -seeded In-rry. The pe 
 
 ir'jmi: \vi 
 
 th th 
 
 •rfect iVuit I have not seen. 
 
 PL, ATE .Wll. 
 
 .1 /„•.//„•/, .,/•//,. ;„//-/,■'// . 
 
 77- M 
 
 »•(■(• ciiiiirii' 
 
 Itiriidt 
 
 lii-j 
 
II. 
 
 .1 
 
 ri. 
 
 M.I 
 
 ti- 
 
 nil 
 
 nl- 
 
 lie 
 ikI 
 
 lie 
 ilil 
 \ li- 
 ds 
 Hi- 
 nts 
 ml 
 111.' 
 
 111.' 
 ■lit 
 •ci- 
 llir 
 
A 
 
 h 
 
 Mgj 
 
IM.XMI 
 
 npiinophylliim jmiiciriiiruni . 
 
 (\//iliiniiiiti till 1/ In; /)r/mt)/>lii/A iiiiuriiliii 
 
Nal 
 
 Flc 
 t 
 t 
 
 Ti 
 til 
 
UMinVLLULAllIA, 
 
 (•' 
 
 \\:v.>. 111) F.^oiib.) 
 
 A'((/ 
 
 ((/•'( 
 
 / Oi-'lii; LAiiiiNr..i:. Llini",i,i 
 
 Vhmfjlaitioii, 
 
 Ennv.an- 
 
 \m\ 
 
 ,\. MtiMiCYNIA. 
 
 IlKKMAl'llUiilUTi: 
 
 .— Tl 
 
 10 IH 
 
 ,lh (U'fply t',-p;irteil lunl sl,<irtl 
 
 tuinpiiniiUi 
 
 to, tho Mo^nio'.its 0(1 
 
 u;il iiii'l ilooiiliiou;) 
 
 Stamina 
 
 twolv 
 
 ll 
 
 10 11 1110 
 
 oxloiinr tortilo, in 
 
 torior sler 
 
 ilo, tlio throe tortile iiuioniuist 
 
 OllO;* 
 
 liliiiiiou 
 
 Ciioli ^vltll 11 1 
 
 liiir I' 
 
 t' iarL'c 
 
 gliinils 
 
 cuvoriiiL 
 
 llio 1. 
 
 ,[' tho 
 
 UJ>\H T Ot 
 
 t. ,l/-//((7-.-' 4-collo(l, thos 
 lis iiitroivoly oiioiiin 
 
 the tliinl sorio 
 
 with tho two 
 
 , tho lower extrorsely an 
 
 ll lateral; the 
 
 i-ton 
 1-so 
 
 \f lilaineiits 
 
 tlii-oaa-<hai.otl. .S7.}//-('i 1 
 
 •Itato, sdliri'pantl. B^rrj 
 
 (1, seated on the euii-sliai 
 
 1 base of tlie iieriaiith. 
 
 A tree ol' Ul>l>or Calilbrnia, 
 
 with altoriiato poi 
 
 itolv-norvod loaves. 
 
 The ilowors a.u 
 the iiivoliioruni; 
 
 rrewitetl in axillary nniiioua 
 
 th 
 
 ilis ol' tho iiivi 
 
 led olilstors, oiiolosod liy 
 lish.altornalo, and 
 
 lucrniii hi'oai 
 
 »l'l 
 
 roxiinato; after the op< 
 
 if th 
 
 lower, e 
 
 iduoous 
 
 lo;} 
 
CALTFOPvXIAX U:\LCELLULAKrA. 
 
 rMllKl.M'I.AllIA ('A1.I1-0I!NIC.\. l/inin'j'lifnilUd.l'nfiis /ii n Ulinifli'lills nli- 
 iiliiliiJiliii'Cnl(tli.\ fix (Irllll.s jii iniilii I'i'ii.-' I'tlii "■■ll'l-l'' llii-'l« l/llllll'IS. jitihlll- 
 
 cidiK iijiUdriliii.i fiiii/il'iiliii': jliirlliii-' iilni'ilms, iinilnl/d . ithi-iijiilnUi, /ntlKn- 
 riilii fiilid lift finl'iliil-i. 
 TkTKANTIIKIIA ? C'aMI iilSNRA, IlndKIMl it All\.. il, liiil. I'.ll'lll. Voy., 
 
 1' 
 
 l.-.s. II, 
 
 ;i:i!. 
 
 l!..r. Ai 
 
 II., vol. n 
 
 1' 
 
 l: 
 
 Laiius i;i:i;i; 
 
 Vol. II. 
 
 I)ni-,;l.. 
 
 oliriKll, III 
 
 Hook. ('oiiiip;iii. l>ot. Mug., 
 
 Tir .«|ilt"iiiliil I'vci'jii'c'cn trco \v:is (li.-icovcn'd. mi tlic iKirlliwcsl 
 coast, ill I'luicr Ciilitoniia. liv Mr. Mcii/ics. wlio lir.-^t iniulo kiiiiwii 
 til li(itiiiii.<ts tlic \i'i;i'tiililc tii'iisiiri's ul' tliiit iutfi'i'stiiii; and tlicii 
 iiiK'Xlildicil iH'uioii. Dmiijilas al'lciwaiil tiMiiid it in iicai'ly tlio 
 saiiio I'omitry, soiitli ol' tlio ('oliiiiiliiii or Orcjion, and mUh, that 
 it attains the lii'iglit ol' IVoin forty to oni- liiindivd anil twonty 
 I'cDt, with a dianictcr of loin two to four foct. It oointncnci's 
 at thi' .soiitliiTn limit of the pi'i'vailini:- I'iiu' and Fir fori'sts 
 which linr tlio wastes of Oregon. The foliage gives out. when 
 hruised, a most ])owerfid campiiorated odor, whii'li from its 
 jmngeiicy is capable of exciting sneezing. Flowi'ring s])eeimeiis 
 of this interesting tree were iri Donglas's eollectioii from Cali- 
 liiniia. Il is to lie regretted, however, that im deliiiled il>'scri|i- 
 tiim nor lignre is gi\i.'n; and 1 had not the good tortiine to meet 
 with it nivself 
 
 8.\ss.\Fl?.\S. (Lintriis stiss;i/r(i\. Liw.) The Inliahitants of 
 
 Niirth and South Carolina distinguish two kinds ol' Sassafras. 
 
 till- Jied and the White. The Ked or true A, .m/.v.m/Z/i/.v I referred 
 
 (in the "(ienera of North Ameiican I'lant.s," vol. i. pp. '_'"in. 1^(1(1.) 
 
 to a suh-geniis /ui<isniii>i, embracing also the following vai'iety. 
 
 which 1 then eoiisidered as a species, by thi' mime of /,. (Kua.-i- 
 Uit 
 
T! E M A R K P O N T II F. L A F H I N /V.. 
 
 1(1.1 
 
 mm) itlhiihi. It is distinguishable from the Red liy having th(^ 
 buds and twigs smooth and ghiucous; its loaves are also smooth 
 and thin, and the veins almost obsolete beneath; the petiole is 
 apiiarently longer. The root is much more strongly camphor- 
 ated than that of the Red sort, and is nearly white. It is better 
 calculated to answer as a substitute ibr ochra {IHIilicuscHcuJcidufi) 
 than the conunon kind, as the buds and young branchvs are 
 much more mucilaginous. It is abundant in North and South 
 Carolina, from the Catawl)a ISIountains to the oast bank (jI' the 
 Santee, growing with the common kinds. 
 
 From the present order of plants wc derive the Cinnamon, 
 Cassia, and the Camphor. Several species afford the cinnamon 
 of commerce, and the Liurns Quixm produces that of Peru. 
 The cinnamon of Santa Fc de Bogota is aflbrded by Luinix 
 fuimmumoidcs. A great deal of the finest camphor of India, 
 however, is the product of the Dn/Dliiilitnn^is riuiiji/inra. The 
 volatile oil obtained from .some species of Laurus ibund in tlie 
 vast foiests between the Orinoco and the Parime is produced 
 in great abundance by merely nnddng an incision into the bark 
 with an axe, as deep as the liber or young wood. It gushes out 
 in such 'piantities that several (piarts nu\y be olitained by a 
 single incision. It has the reputation of being a powerful dis- 
 cutieiit. 
 
 IV -7 
 
THE LINDEN, on LIME TREE. 
 
 X.ilnnil Onhr, Til.iAri;.>;, iTussioii.) Lhuunn, f'hixsJfiralix),, 
 
 PiiI.VANmUA. MoNOGYNIA. 
 
 TILIA.* (Linn.) 
 
 N/w/n live. P< hil^ livp. SliiiDni.-' luiiiuTons, tlispnsod more or less in iivu 
 rliistvrs, tla> ccntnil tiifl (rliu'lly in the imtivc species) tnnisioriue.l 
 into ;i i<v\-A. The unny ,u;loliular, villous, ami r).eelle(l, eaeh of the 
 (■.•Us hearin.ir two ovules. C'l]"^"!'- ligneous, glohular, by ahortion 
 only 1-eelle.l, with one or two seeds. Cul^jkduHs sinuate. 
 
 Trees of Europe an.l North Anieriea, with alternate dilated or 
 eordate leaves, ohli-iue at the base, serrated on the margin, and with 
 n tough and fihrous bark; stipules eadueous. The flowers dispose.l 
 in flaltish peduneulated clusters, (or eynies,) and with the peduncle 
 curiously adnate for a great part of its length to a large n.cnibra- 
 naeeous, linear bracte. The rest of this family of plants are nearly 
 all trfipical produriions. 
 
 * All aiioitnit Latin uauie, probably tiuin llio (ovck znh.i, tlir I'.I.M. 
 
 lOG 
 
livu 
 
 lU'll 
 tlic 
 tioii 
 
 1 Of 
 
 ivitli 
 
 DSCcl 
 
 nclo 
 l.ni- 
 •arly 
 
1.,/rifi' hiivrii t.ifitii-t 
 
 Tiliii hdcrdplivJIii 
 
 ■nilrni h,-trr„f,liyll, 
 
Til, 
 
 Til 
 
 sf 
 
 'l\ 
 
 M 
 
 IV 
 () 
 tl 
 
LAIiGK-LEAVKl) LIXDKX, on MMR 
 
 Tll.lA III;T):IIii1'I|\ l.l.\. /•'(.///,< urn/Is, nri/nl, .^(frillis, Im.si ininr mnlulis, 
 iiiiiii- iil'liijiii mil ii ijiiidiltr tr'iiii-iiUs; sulihi.^ Imni iitn.^i^ ; ii'ta jii-^'l'"riiii, — 
 
 \'i:.\Ti;.SAT, Mi'iii. iU- rin-^lii.it., tdui. 4, |i. U'l, ]<\. •'>. I'l ii>ii, Fl"i-. 
 B'ir. Am., vnl. ii. p. ■)>>'■'>. Xui vi:au Dluami;!,, sul. i. [>. -".>. 
 
 l)|rAM)ul,l,i:, I'idil., Viil. i. p. tlia. 
 'I'l I.I \ jli:i l;lin|'in I.I.A. Lcjivrs i,'l;lli|Mll.'< mill ilcrp irlii'll nliovi', Vrrv 
 
 white iiiiil volvL'ty-tdiiicMlnso luiiciitli, tlic vriiis (liiik-ciildrcil Mini 
 lu'iu'ly L'liilii'niis, willi cojirsi' iiiiicniniitL' r^iiniturcs ; |i(tiils oliliisc, 
 crcimlati' ; siainiiiDiliii (inMiT ]ictiils) .■iini'iilalc, cntirr, ^tylc liairy 
 at till! liase. — 'I'liiiitKY and (iiiAY, Klof. North Aiiii'i'., vnl. i. p. i;:',li. 
 'I'li.iA Ai.iiA. — Sniilli'fi Iii.-ifcts of Gi.'dp.Ma, vol. i. p. '21, t. 11'. 
 
 Tlii.s i.>i oin' of tlic riifcst ainl most uniaiiiciital tivos of tlic 
 wlioh' L'l'Miis; and, as I'af as my own ulisi-i'vatioiis ^-^o, it is almost 
 wliolly conrniiMl to tlu' shady forests of tlic Ohio and its triluitaiy 
 sti'eams, to whieli I'uish also adds the hanks of the .Mississip[ii. 
 Tonvy and (Iriiy rt'ct-ived it likewise IVoiii the lU'iirliliorlKMjd of 
 Alacon, ill f!eori;ia, wliei'c it was oolli'cted by oiir late mutual 
 fiieiid aiul twcellent oljserver, Dr. lioomis. In deseeiidiii lie 
 Ohio, late in luitmnn, (ahoiit the year ISIO.) I got out of 
 tile lioat in which 1 was do.scendiiiijf, to walk round Ia' Tart's 
 IJapids above Cincinnati. Here I ob.scrved almost an exeliisivu 
 forest of this line r/mdcn.on a rather-elevated alluvial platform, 
 in a li>;iit, rich, calcareous soil. Most of tiie trei's were tall and 
 rather slender, sixty to eighty feet in lieijilit. and tiie i^roimil 
 was thickly strewed witii their hu'j^e and singular leaves, almost 
 as white as snow beneatlj. According to the lierhariinn of Mr. 
 Schweinitz. it exists also in Virginia, lU'obaWy on the borders of 
 tiie streams which liow into the Ohio near rittsbiirg; ami 
 according to Dr. Short, of Ijcxington, Keiitiiekv', it forms in 
 his vieinit}- one oi' tiie largest forest trees in the rich lalld.^ 
 there. DecaiiduUe speaks of having leceiveil a specimen of 
 
108 L A 1! (I I'M, i;.\ V i; l> I, INDKN, (> i; I, 1 M M. 
 
 i<i)iii(' wry similar hiiccics I'ldiii McNicu. It ilncs iicit \rt appear 
 to liavL' lit'cn iiitniiliiccd iiitu Kiinipc. |1i(iii,l;Ii it is pnipi'iiy 
 (tcsfi'ilicd ill tlic New l)iiliaiii(l. pinliaMy I'nnii W'ulcnat's t'ssay, 
 as llic IcMM's ail' saiil In !«• MKiw-wliilc ln'iicatli. 
 
 Tia- ytniiij;' hraiiclics an- piirpli>ii and sniiicwliat jilaiicuiis. 
 Tlif larj:cst k'uvos 1 have wfcn aiv alxiiit six or seven iiiclics 
 ioiii,' and tlii'i'o to lisi' liroad. In tin; yoiinii' stati', tln' wliiti.- 
 jpuIpcsccik'c liciR'atli is most consiiiciions wlicn tlio leaves aiv 
 thinly cosficd; the iiaiis arc stellate, the seiratnres are stron;^ 
 and sharp, with aenniinated I'i^id points; the upper siirl'aee is 
 dark green: the liasi' of llii- leaf varies eonsiderabl}'; sonietiines 
 it is slunatud, at other times perfeetly Hat and trnneated; the 
 leaves are always very ohliipie at the liase. The liowers aie 
 soiiicwhat lar;;('r (Inn those of '/'. Am' liiiiini. nud the triiit is 
 villous, nearly siiheriual, ami et'itainly always without any rihs. 
 
 I 
 
 The Tir.i\ Ai.iiA. White liiiiie of Michaux, plate l;!2, not 
 heiiij;- the T. <iIImi oI" Kitailu'l and Alton, (Mort. Kew. 1. c..) 
 which is ii native of llniigary, it is necessary to change its 
 name, and we prop(jse to call it Tll.iA Mhiialxu, (Michanx's 
 liiiiie.) it' liis plant should indeed jn'ove to he any thing more 
 than a snio(jther variety ol" our T. Ik ttnij^ihijKd. 
 
 I'LATE Will. 
 
 A lintiirli uf lid iiiiOiivl Ktzc. <i. Till j'niil. h. 'J'lu jlninr. 
 
 Gnu ml Ohsirnilionn. The Lime has long hecn a favorite 
 tree for aveiuies and public walks; it is [ilanti'd in the streets 
 of some of the principal tcjwns of France, Holland, and Ger- 
 Hiiuiy, and it is used for forming avenues both on tiie continent 
 of l']ui'o[)e anil in (Ireat l>ritain. It has of late years been 
 
LA It (I IM, i:.\ V !■; i» 1,1 N I) i: n, o ii i, i m k. 
 
 109 
 
 is 
 
 iiiiicli |p1iiiiIc(1 iilciii'j till' streets ill Mevei'iil to\vii-< ami eities of 
 llu' I'nited Stille>, l)iit ill l'liilililel|iliiii it is m> iiiiuli :itt;i<kiil 
 l)y IllMi'ctM tllilt it JiniliaMv will iml Inn;:; Hlirvive. 'I'iie .-pefit'M 
 elii|)liiye(l I'm- tiii.'^ i)iir|iii,<e ii|i|";il's to lie |ililiei|ially the Klin*. 
 [le.iii, while tiie nativi! kinds, heiii;: iiiore lianly and vi^'oroiis, 
 tpiii^hl to have the inrrereiice, iiiirtieiilarly the pi-esciit species, 
 ( '/'. Ill I' i-iijiliiillti.) wiiicli ill a L;o(id .>.(>il hei'dliies a lar e tree, aiid 
 is at the same time splendidly ornamental. 'I'lie insect that 
 devdiirs the leaves of tlic Fjiiideii a]ipears to Ik- a molli,'' which 
 suspends its c "oons at the ends of the twi"; of the trees it has 
 strippeil; tliesL- on.uht carel'iilly to he reiii.)\,'d and destroyed, 
 by which means the evil, il" not wholly cnred, wiaild Ije ile- 
 fidedly initijiated. 
 
 Tiie Diitcli plant the Lime in towns, along their widest 
 stivetM, mid hy the sides of their canals; and the whole 
 country is thus pcrfuiiKMl liy their tlowcis dnrinu' ?lie months 
 of July and August: they likewise iill'ord an ample repast for 
 the hees. 
 
 The wood of the European Lime Tree is of a i)ale Vidlow 
 
 or 
 
 white, close-L'rained, soft, liiilit. mid smooth, and not liahle to 
 ))0 attacked hy insects. It is used hy pianol'orte-makeis li)r 
 
 sonndiii'i-boarils. and hv 
 
 liiiel-makers lor 
 
 variety of pnr- 
 
 post's. It is turned into domestic utensils (jf various kiiid.s, 
 carved into toys, &c. The most eli^ganl ii.se t(i which it lia.s 
 been applied is for curviiifr. for which it is sui)erior to any other 
 wood. Many of the line carvings in Windsor Castle, St. Panrs. 
 Trinity College Library at Cambridge, and in the Duke of 
 Devonshire's mansion iit Chatsworth, from the hand of the 
 celebrated Cibbons, are of this wood. It makes excellent char- 
 coal for gunpowder. IJaskets and cradles were formerly made 
 
 from 
 
 the I 
 
 \\\'. 
 
 The I 
 
 eaves are also emnlovi 
 
 il( 
 
 odder lijr 
 
 cattle ill Enropi ll is in lUissia and soiiie parts of Sweden 
 
 * A Kpecius uf Oilcttwus. 
 
110 LARGE-LEAVED LINDEN, OR LIME. 
 
 tliiit the wt'll-kii.AVii bass niiits arc furmod fn<m the imu'i' hark 
 (.)!' tliis tivc. Till' liark ftrippi'd IVuiii young trees of six iiielies 
 to 11 I'uot ill (lianieter is soloctcd for this purpose. Tiiesc strips 
 are steeped in water till the bark .separates freely into layers; 
 it is then taiveii out and separated into stran<ls, whieh an- dried 
 in the shade, and afterward manufactured into the mats so 
 mueh used l)y gardeners ann uuholsterer.-f, iind for euvi'riiig 
 paekagi'S. Tiie iislieriuen of Sweden make lishing-nets of the 
 filu'es of till' inner bark, formed into a kind of llax; and the 
 sli''piierds of Carniola even '.veave a coarse cloth of it, which 
 serves them for their ordinary clothing. The whole plant 
 abounds with mucilage, the sap, like that of the Maple, allbrds 
 a eoiisideralile (piantity of sugar, and tiie honey [U'oduced by 
 the tlowers is considered .superior to all other kinds for its deli- 
 cacy, selling at three or four times the price ol' coniiiioii honey; 
 in Europe, it is used exclusively in medicine, and for making 
 some particular kinds oi liqiicv rs, especially rosolio. This Lime 
 Tree honey is only to be jirocured at the little town of Kowno, 
 on the river Niemen, in Tjithuaiiia, which is surrounded by an 
 extensive forest of Lime Trees. The triturated fruit i)ro(Iuces 
 also a paste very similar to that of cocoa. During the taste 
 for grotesque decorations, the Lime, like the Yew, was cut into 
 various imitative forms, and in some of the public gardens of 
 recreation round Paris and Amsterdam then.' are very impcjsing 
 colonnades, arcades, walls, pyramids, and other architt'ctural- 
 looking masses formed of this tree. 
 
 The European liin.k'ii attains a height of upward of one 
 hundred icet, and grows with vigor lor .^^everal centuries, lii 
 Switzerland there an; some very large and ancient Tiime Trees : 
 one, mentioned by DecandoUe the younger, near Jlorges, has a 
 trunk of twenty-four feet four inches in circumrerence ; anothe., 
 near the great church at 15i>rne, which was planted bel'ore the 
 year lllU, is thirty-si.v feet in girth. 
 
 3 
 
M A N G L E. 
 
 Xiihiiiil Onhr, RiiiziiriiOKE,!:, (R. Brown.) LlniKinn Chimfwu- 
 
 tion, DuDECAXDlilA, MoXOGY. 
 
 RIIIZOrnORA.* (LiNv.) 
 
 Tiibo of ilic ciifijx oboviito, coherent \vi,.i tlic ovary, the horder 
 diviiled into i'onr ol)long, pernistent sei^niciii.s. I'dnls tour, ob- 
 long, cniurginato, coriaceous, conihiplicato, bct'orc expansion em- 
 bracing the alternate stamens, tlie margiuti eaeli with a double 
 row of long, woolly hairij. .SV«//;tvw twice as many as the petals ; 
 twthcrs nearly sessile, largo, linear-oblong. Ocari/ 2-ccllcd, with 
 two ovules in each cell. Sliilf conical, short, 2-furrowcd; slii/ma 
 2-to()thed or bifid. Fruit O'Tiie or oblong, crowned near the b;is(! 
 with the persistent segments of the calyx, longer than the tube, 
 at length perforated at the apex by the radicle of the germinating 
 embryo. 
 
 Maritime trees of the tropics, with entire opposite leaves and 
 axillary ilowers. 
 
 * TIic niimo, fniiii />;;«, a fnul, ifc/im, In lunr, in !illii>ii)ii to tlio pcoil f;er- 
 luinatiii" hafiiro it f;il!s from tlio lir;iiK:lios. 
 
 lit 
 
AMERICAN MANGLE, or MANGROVE. 
 
 FIlirZOI'IIiiKA A.MKIUCANA. FnHis iiliiiVido-ohhtlKjis oliliisi.'t; jHililiicnli's 
 
 Irkhotumis pdiulo lunijlonbu.^, nljll-i Kubidalln biJidis^ji-uiiiliHs titilmliilu- 
 
 chtfutls ohtiisis. 
 liiiiZdi'iioitA iii'iiii/lc. — JaciH'in, Amor., ji. 141, t. SI*. 15u(i\vn, Jam., 
 
 p. :211. DiU'A.M)., I'nid., vol. iii. \>. '-Vl. Xltt., Floriil., pi. Hill. :">, 
 
 p. -y.^i). Ton. iuul (iiiAY, vol. i. p. 4S4, (not of Lixx.) 
 Ciiinhla AiiariiMku fuliis laar'uus. — CAiicsBY'ri Carol., vol. ii. p. (l^j, 
 
 t. 0:j. 
 Mdiiijlc iiqualiiv, j'lilUs siihriilHiKi'is d piDii-ldli,^. — I'u .Mn:ii, (ieii., p. 1:5. 
 
 Sloani;, Jam., p. 1.")"), Hist., vol. ii. p. ti3. 
 Manjid: (Ja/qjurilju. — I'lso's liru/.il, 1. 4, c. 87, Ii. 
 
 This tree is found in the ..laritiino swanip.s jC Loui.'^iaii.a .iml 
 East Florida, and along the coast ol' Texas is not unconiiiiou. 
 The Mangrove, like the famous IJanyun Fig, sends out innu- 
 merahle roots into the surrounding nuirshcs from the lusi- 
 forni fruits wiiich terminate its branches, so lliat after a while 
 a single tree becomes, as it were, the parent of a whole forest 
 of several miles in extent; and, growing well even into the 
 salt water, it is not nnfn'(|uent to see their branches loaded 
 with oyster! (the Ostfii /n/imt)) of an excpiisite llavor. Those 
 thickets likewise aflord a resort for various kinds of sea-fowl, 
 and, fringing tiie margin of the ocean ami the salt-))ools with 
 their spreading summits, they give a peculiar feature to tlie 
 tropical landscape, but at the same time afford shelter to clouds 
 of mosquitos. Tiie bark and IVuit are useful foi' tanning: the 
 lluwer, according to Loureint, dyes a very durable black, and, 
 according to Sloaue, all'ords a nuiterial for ink. 
 
 The Mangrove of the West Indies and Tropical America 
 
 becomes a tree idwut forty to fd'ty feet high anil two to three 
 
 feet in diameter, with a ferruuinous bark and white wood of no 
 
 great value t'xcept for fuel ; yet. according to Sloa-ie. the wood 
 IIJ 
 
 
Klir/,i)it|iiir.i Anirrii'iMiii 
 
 /ntiri^mi . 'fit 
 
 /: /,,x. ■/>/,. >r.- ,/ /, 
 
 y.//,.,-.- ,/ t„. ,;,/„ 
 
AMERICAN MANGLE. 
 
 118 
 
 is good for building and for shinglos. Tiie wood of tliat of [ndin, 
 as dc>scvilj(,.d hy IJoxhiirgh in his '• Flora Indica," is of a dark- 
 roddish color, hard, and diirahlo. 
 
 The Mangrove is not very tall, hut very branching; the 
 branches, almost always opposite, elongated and pendant. 
 When touching the soil, they striifo root and become new 
 trees, which remultiply themselves in the same maimer, thus 
 forming an almost impenetrable l)ai r on the borders of the 
 sea. 
 
 Tlio leaves are opposite, entire, coriaceous, at first folded in- 
 ward, with caducous stipules between the petioles. The flowers 
 are pale yellow, the segments of the calyx lanceolate. The 
 anthers are subulate; the margin of the petals pilose; the 
 style bifid, with the divisions rather long and subulate. The 
 verdure of the Mangrove is dark and gloomy, and the whole 
 tree, inhabiting a region of desolation, presents an aspect of 
 sadness. 
 
 The most extraordinary plant of this, or rather a nearly-allied 
 genus, is the lilil::oi,h>m i/j/tniiorlihaonAmnvu)', (now Jinn/lrni.) 
 This tree gnjws conmion'.y in the maritime marshes of India; 
 and the branches of its numerous roots, ascending into tlie air, 
 produce the appearance of a large umI)rageous tree, as it were, 
 on stilts, or, as Koxliurgh sa3s, sujiported in the air on a circle 
 of converging hop-poles. The fruit, the leaves, and the bark ol 
 tiiis species are also said to alKird food to the native inhabitants. 
 A figure of it is given l)y Rumpliius, wi. iii. t. (iS, and by Rheede, 
 in tiie "Flora Malribarica," vol. vi. tab. ol, ;!2. 
 
 PLATE X.XIV. 
 
 A lintiirh uf llir iHititrtil Hi:r. a. Thr fruit. 
 
 V.ip,. IV. 
 
G U A V A. 
 
 XniKi-dl (Inh r. Mvin'Acr.T:. Liinimni ('/nxxijlni/inii, Tcds.WDHiA. 
 
 ]\I(INi)(iV.\"I.\. 
 
 rslDII'M.* (Link.) 
 
 ((■//'/.'■-till If (or external germ) ('llipsoid or oliovatf, of'toii contrnolod 
 iit tlio sminiiit; \]io border at first nii(li\iilc(l and ovalo wliile in 
 flowor, af'teTward 1 to S-nlcl't. Pilal.9,iW(}. ^/((iiiiiik very iiiiinerouH, 
 distinct. iSV'//(' filifoi'in ; sI'Kjma oajiitato. Tlic orurii witli iVoin live 
 to twenty rolls, some of tliciii alioi'tivc, cacli coll snlidividod by tlio 
 intorpiisitiim of a placenta rosoniblinLr a disscjiinicnt. Oenhs muno- 
 I'ous, hiiri/.ontal. Frihl a many-soodod biTiy, coalod ^\itll tlio 
 adlioriiiL!; tiii'O of tlio calyx and oniwiiod by its jiorsisting lolu's. 
 The .«<■('/.'!' pcattorcd tlirdiigli the pulp in tlio vi]io berry, liaviiiir a 
 lioiiy or hard sliell. Tlio cniliri/o curved in a lialt'-oirelc round tlio 
 protruded base of tlie testa. Oilj/htlunx minute; tlio radicle ratlicr 
 long. 
 
 Trees or sbnibs eliielly indigenous to tlio intortro[iioa! regions of 
 America, ■\vitli ojiposito, entire, inipunetato, featlier-nerveil loaves, 
 reiliinclcs axillary, 1 to :!-llo\vored, each tlowcr with a pair of bractos. 
 The llowors wiiito. 
 
 * One of till' (irccl< niiiiifs I'lir tlic Priim'L'r:m;ilc. (•'mini is a eiirni[itiiin iif 
 llic AliiC'i'ic:iM ;ilii'ri;.;iMiil iiiiiiii' cf (! iiiii/iiIhi. 
 
 Ill 
 
;IA, 
 
 ill 
 oils, 
 fivo 
 ■ the 
 nne- 
 
 tlic 
 
 iii.i; a 
 
 1 llio 
 iithcr 
 
 IIS ot 
 .'ilVOS. 
 
 actes. 
 
 tion iM 
 
I'l XXV. 
 
 I'lHiilhiiH biixilblitiiu. 
 
 Fh>ritfa (iuartt 
 
 Ctmrier d» la. k'ltirutt 
 
Ill 
 ill 
 fU 
 wi 
 w 
 
 til 
 i; 
 tt 
 
 n 
 
 is 
 w 
 u 
 
 \' 
 
 (i 
 
 ;i 
 r( 
 I'l 
 ii 
 
 V 
 
FLOUIDA (UlAVA. 
 
 I'.-iMi M in.NiMii.ir.M. 'lliil'i-iiiii, raiii'il!'' t. nl'ili'is f'<'''-^ /»/,•(■'(/;>•.•../•»/.■,/< 
 •Mmato-obiimUs ulitmin iiul»ii'.i,nHli" <■ iii<ii-i)uic nfnlidls, y>. J'/m-nhf .~„hl(ini.s 
 ini-/.v47'/;i/.s iiiiijtiid'-; J'nirtu jii/rij't>niii. 
 
 l-'or a ! -lowU'ilge oi' this intuivsting tree or s^linib wo arc 
 
 iiiilclitiMl to till' late iiulcfatifiahle Ur. UaUlwiii, who met with it 
 
 ill soiiio part of Kast Flori(hi lu-ar the river St. .loinis. To 
 
 i<how liow very iiiiliki" tliis siiirirs is to all tia> oliuTs krowu. it 
 
 was hastily marked hy Mr, Sciiweiiiit/, in his lievhariiiiii. (of 
 
 wiiieli tho specimen lonns a jiart.) ••ijinrciis v'nrii'<" and at tiie 
 
 first hasty ghince some resendjlaiice may liu traced witli tho 
 
 Live Oak in tia- U'af and twig; Init, of conrse, tho presonco of 
 
 tlie fruit at onoe dispels the illu.-i<in. 
 
 1 have seen hut tho sinjilo spocimon now figured, and would 
 
 roeommond its examination to some future traveller. The twig 
 
 is round, covered with a gray bark, and at nean'.istances marked 
 
 with tho cicatrices of opposite fallen leaves. The li'aves on the 
 
 uiijier hranchlets are crowded together in opposite pairs, of a 
 
 very thick, opa(pio, rigid consistence, and appear to he seinpcr- 
 
 virent; they arc perfectly smooth on both sides, paler beiieatli, 
 
 dark-green above, cuneate-t)bovate, olituso, sometimes with an 
 
 attempt at a very sliort and blunt acumination. with the margin 
 
 rellccted, and beneath marked with numerous approxiinatin-^ 
 
 foathored nerves; thoy are I'roin one inch to one and a half 
 
 inches long by one-half to threo-ipiarlers of an inch wide. Tho 
 
 peduncles are axillary and solitary, very thick in the IVuit-stalk, 
 
 and scarcely two lines long. Tho llowers 1 have not seen. The 
 
 berry is blaekish-pnrple, pear-shai)ed, about the si/e of a cherry. 
 
 and appears to have boon succulent, as us lal; internally it is 
 
 filled with horizontal rows of tlat, sulironiforin, pale-brownish, 
 
 bouy seod.s, with a narrow embryo curved into tho form of a 
 
 11.-) 
 
no 
 
 FLO 11 1 D A G U A V A. 
 
 liorsi'shoe. Tlic cotjlcdoiis an; very siniill, and in the (^eed aro of 
 a bright waxy yoUow. Tliis species is very nearly allied to the 
 Piiqile-lVuited Guava, (P. Cutllcianum,) scarcely dill'ering in any 
 thing but the sniallness oi' the leaves and the pyrifunn fruit, 
 though the leaves of the Purple Guava, In'sides being much 
 larger, are also pubescent when you'.:;^. Most of the species of 
 this genus are cultivated in the tropics for thei". fruit. The P. 
 ji//ri/cniiii, or Common Gnava, bears a fruit aljout the size of 
 a hen's egg, yellowish, with a pecidiar odor; the pu'p is rather 
 firm, ilesh-colored, sweet, agreeable, and aromatic. In the West 
 Indies it is highly esteemed by all classes, Ijeing eaten raw, as a 
 dessert, or formed into an excellent sweetmeat and jelly. 
 
 '?f the fruit of the Purple Guava, to which ours is so closely 
 related, Lindlty remarks, "The excellent flavor of its fruit, 
 which is vei'y like that of strawberries and cream, is far supe- 
 ri(jr to either I', pur'ifcntin, /Kimi/uniiii, or jjo/i/cdr/ti//!." JMr. 
 Sabine remarks of the IVuit of this species, "that it is juicy, of 
 ii consistence much like that of a strawberry, to which it bears 
 some resemblance in flavor." 
 
 What the present species may become, when cultivated, re- 
 mains to be proved; but in a genus so genenilly interesting for 
 their fruit, the exiieriment is worth making when an oppor- 
 tunity may oiler. Probably Dr. Baldwin I'ound it growing near 
 or above New ►Smyrna, as ho did not go nnich farther into the 
 interior (;f East Florida. 
 
 PLATE XXV. 
 
 A lir<i.iii:h (if the nalund aizc in fntil. 
 
I 
 
 ! Oi 
 the 
 uiy 
 uit, 
 uch 
 sof 
 i /'. 
 
 I ol' 
 
 hfl- 
 
 /'est 
 LIS a 
 
 M-ly 
 niit, 
 
 II po- 
 xMr. 
 
 ',0f 
 
 ears 
 
 , re 
 ; for 
 jpor- 
 near 
 tho 
 
4 
 
I'l.XX'Vl 
 
 M 
 
 fUrlinl i;i/,/i''ilf//„ 
 
 <'!ily|ilr;iiillies tliylrjiciilui 
 
 t/t it/iuiii/Ji,' ,/n /rt/ftt/l 
 
C A L Y r T RANT II E S. ^ 
 
 (SwAurz.) 
 
 Niihintl Or<h:r, MyktACK.K. Linwran Chmsifiralioii, TcoSANDKlA, 
 
 jSIoNdGYNIA. 
 
 Tiilic of tlic ('"/(/.)• oliovntp, with tlic Ijordor entire; wlion llowcniig, 
 liiirstiiij^ cirei-liirly in tlio iorni of ii luteral, and nt length deei- 
 (hious, lid. I'dnl ■ none, or two or throe iind minute. Slamcns many. 
 Sh/h' one; stli/ma ;innilc. Onin/ 2 or 3-cellcd, the colls 2-seeded. 
 The /((/•/■// liy ahortion 1-celled, 1 to 4-seeded. 
 
 Small trees of the We.st India Irtlaudd and •.; IJrazil, the leaves 
 with pinnated veins. Flowers small and uiimeroiis, usually in axillary 
 or terminal panieles. 
 
 FORKED CALYPTRANTIIES. 
 
 Calyi'Thaxtiies ciiYTKAcri.iA. Arkinn, fnUh omlis apirc atlciitialis 
 riijuliiiscidl; (tcinuiii tjldliri-'^, pcdiuuidls a.rillnri-la-,n!ii(dil>tis tr!c/'ul<,iitis 
 panictdtilis Jforilim/uc rufo-vdulinis.—DECA^o., Trod., vol. iii. p. -JaT. 
 
 C. cuYTiiAC'iLiA. Arborca, jpcduncuUs tcrminalibits (richolomis tomaitosis, 
 JiiUis orafi-s npiir nthnwdi'^.—iiviARTi, Prod., p. 711; Flor. Ind. Occid., 
 vol. ii. p. !t21. 
 
 *Tlio nuiiii' fnim xiunrrT/iu, a rnl, and uvfti?, " Jlmnr, in ullusion to tlic opor- 
 I'ullJ fonu of tlif c;ilyx. 
 
 117 
 
118 
 
 F (J H K E 1) C .\ 1. Y 1' T ]{ A N T II E S. 
 
 MVUTTS CIIYTnArn.IA. Polil)iriii:.<i iVrJiotmilis p/lili'riil,i/:.i fiiiimi/iisix, 
 
 fiiliii f/rriihii.t siilidi-tith UrmiiKtVJi'lfi. — Lix.v,, Aiikpii. Aciidoiii., vol. v. 
 p. StiS. SwAHTZ, Olisorv.. ].. 202. 
 Clii/frdi'iilifi. urbdirn, fullis urutis f/hibris oppositi.'', I'arnnis Irrmivililius. 
 — Bkowx, Jamaic, p. 2^9, t. 37, li,?. 2. 
 
 EniKXIA TALMCNS? I'OIUKT, Slljipl., Vol. ill. ]i. 122. 
 
 Tins plant forms an oloiraiit ami cnrions small troi', witli Iiavd 
 woikI, and in Janiaicu is ad'onntod an oxcfUent timlicr; but tlu' 
 trunks siddiini fxci'cd'fourtiH'n or fifteen inelies in diameter, 
 in Jamaica it is found in the dry nionntaiu-lands ; it is also 
 indigenous to the islands of St. Tlujnnis and riuadalou[)e. and it 
 has now also lieen found on Key West by Dr. I'lodirett. 
 
 The hranches ajjpear to he poveri'd wiili a gray and smooth 
 hark. The leaves, when in hud, as well as tiie j'oriug hranches, 
 llower-stalks, and calyx, are clad with a slujrt, soft, ferruginous 
 down, Avhicli wholly disa[)pears from the Iciives as they advance 
 in thi'ir deveIo])ineut ; they are of a lanceolate-ovate form, 
 mirrowed into a short petiole helow; above, acuminate but 
 obtuse; beneath they are distinctly jiennate-nerved, and too 
 opaque to admit the light through the resinous glands with 
 which they are nevertheless provided : they are about two 
 inches long by an inch in width. The llowering panicles are 
 trichotomous, usually ti.'rininal, and c(msiderably ramified. The 
 llowers are small and whitish, from the color of the stamens. 
 The cal\x is ferruginous and tomentose, formed of a small 
 obovate I'vt'u cup; the whole border, separating in a circular 
 manner. Hies over to one side, in the foi'm of a rouudt'd petal, 
 from whence issue the numerous liliforni stauu'us with small 
 whitish anthers. Tlie germinal fruit api)ears small, dry, and 
 tomentose; but I am unacquainted with it in a ripe state. 
 
 PLATE XXVI. 
 
 A linuii-h I'f the tmlnnil .'-Ci'. u. A Jhin r iniKjtiiJhil, .■^liuirin;/ the latcnil 
 
 lulltil'LldX of the lid of (hi: rilli/.r. 
 
E U G E N I A. 
 
 (MiCllKLI, LiXN.) 
 
 Nulnml Order, MyrtACE.E. Linwran Chiss'ifiaitlun, ItOSANDRiA, 
 
 MONOCVNIA. 
 
 Thf tube of tlio cahir roimaisli, with the border ileejily 4-parteil. 
 ]\hls four. SUniicna many, frco. Onirn 2 to H-ccUed, tbo eell^^ 
 containiu,!; soveviil ovules. Bonn sub-irlobone, crowned will, the 
 Iicrsistin.LT cmIvx; when mature, 1 or rarely 2-cellcd. Sccb (uie or 
 tw,^ roundish and lariro. The embryo pseudo-monocotyledonous, 
 {\xa\oUiUd„uH very thiek an,l wholly blended together, the rndick 
 more or less distinct and very short. 
 
 These are trees or shrubs mostly indigenous to the Caribbean Is- 
 lands, or the warmer parts of America. The leaves and intlores- 
 eenco arc verv similar to those of the i^fyrtles. 
 
 * Po iKmUMl in lumor ..f Princo Eugene of Savoy, who was a pvoteeler an,l 
 eiieoura-er of botany, ami possessed a botanic jrardeu. 
 
 llil 
 
S^LVLL-LEAYED EUGEXIA. 
 
 El.'dEN'IA DICIIOTOJIA. J'i'ilmir(ilj,s (i.rilliniljiis opposHi.'; d siilitrnnin/ilihils 
 folio bmijinrihiis liifulis ant liis liijhlin, Jlorihiis in (lichntoiniis fisaililms 
 cdlcris 'pcdiedhitis, fuUii dliplico-l'incculdtis ianl uUtnuaUs jxlldrldo- 
 2>Hnctati!<, cuhdlis (jlahris, juniiirlhiis ttlrinfjHc rnnudis calycibuf^quc i^ubcit- 
 ccnWous. — Decand., I'rod., vol. iii. p. 278. 
 
 Myrtus (liiholomn. — Vahl ! ^IS8., Poiret, Supiilcni., vol. iv. p. 5:]? 
 
 /9 FUAIillAN;^, foliiS oralis f/l'ihrix. EutiEXIA FKA(iUA.VS. WiLM)., Sp. 
 
 ri., vol. ii. p. 9G4. Bot. Magaz., t. 1242. U. munkua, Auul., 
 Guian., vol. i. p. 41t.3, t. IDo ? 
 EuiiENiA ilintrlcal'-i, Lam., Encyu., p. 202. 
 
 Tins elegant and fragrant species of Eugenia, resembling a, 
 Myrtle, becomes, at Key West, according to Dr. Blodgott, a 
 tree. It is also indigenous to the islands of St. Domingo and 
 Cuba, where specimens have been collected by I'oiteau and La 
 Sagra. The variety /ivijraiw (for such I must consider it) is a 
 native of the high mountains in the southern part of Jam.aica 
 and Martinique, and, if the same with Aublet's K nioiifana, 
 is also a native of Guiana. The K. fi-<i(/r>iiis has many years 
 since been collected by Dr. Baldwin, in the vicinity of New 
 Smyrna, in Enrt Florida. 
 
 The wood of Jl dlairimta, according to Lamarck, is hard, 
 olose-grr.ined, and reddish, .and is much esteemed for articles of 
 furniture. The wood of the Florida Tree is exactly similar; 
 while that of E. moatana, according to Aublet, is hard, com- 
 pact, and white. 
 
 The branches of the plant now figured are covered with a 
 smooth, light-gray or silvery bark, and at the summits are 
 crowded witli small, shining, almost oparpie, leaves, but yet 
 interspersed with the usual i-esiuous vesicles of tlie genus ; they 
 are from an inch to an inch and a half in length, and about 
 three-ijuarters of an inch in breadth, Tiiostly elli[)ti(' or elliptic- 
 
f-J 
 
 ■i 
 
 :l 
 
I'l WVII 
 
 <■/«//// Irarrt/ f.'rtt/cma I'mtn / i/irA, ■/,'///, 
 
SM A liL-hH A V Kl) K I' <i M N I A. 
 
 liil 
 
 oMoiijr. and alwiiys iiiirrowtMl holow; sometimes tliey iire iieurly 
 
 limceoliite and ohtiise at the point ; scarcely any veins are visi- 
 
 bif on citlici' side, but tiie iiiidril) is iiromincnt bciiciitb. The 
 
 young leaves, Imds, peduncles, ami calyx are clothed with a 
 
 close, short, hoary pubescence, wliieh in the variety /rtujriuis 
 
 is nuicli less distinct or almost wanting. Tlu' peduncles are 
 
 axiihny, coming out toward the sinnmits oi" the branches, and 
 
 are of various lengths, sonu'times only a little longer than the 
 
 leaves, at otiier times crowded into tricliotomous branchlets 
 
 two or three times longer tlian the leaves , in their most simjile 
 
 form, except by the al'orlion of tiie lateial buds, tiny ternunate 
 
 in three llowers, the central one sessile in the fori\, and the 
 
 lateral ones on longisli, diverging pedicels; al otiier times the 
 
 peduncles are twice trifid, or even more ramified, and lengthened 
 
 out ver}' much in the progressive ripening of the fruit. The 
 
 segments of the calyx are always fo\ir. broad and rounded, 
 
 covered with resinous cists or vesicles, and pubescent or ciliate 
 
 on the margins. The pt'tals arc likewise rounded or concave, 
 
 whitish, witli a tingo of red. The stamens are lunnerous. 
 
 Style simple and sul)ulate. Tin; berry at length only l-.seedcd. 
 
 There arc a pair of miinite, subulate bractes under the base of 
 
 each l!ower-l)ud, but .so deciduous that they are seldom to be 
 
 seen. 
 
 One of the specimens of the variety //v(_(//vo/.s from New 
 Smvrna, has very slender twigs; and on the same specimen 
 there are obtuse and very K/iiifiili/-wii/i; leaves. In this also 
 tin' peduncles are chieliy axillary. This plant is nearly as 
 fragrant as the connnon Myrtle. 
 
 PLATE X.WII. 
 
 A hnnirli nj' lltr tinliirdl si:,\ a. Tin jh'iri r 'i lilllf , iilnn/fl. It. '/'I'f //.)•/■//, 
 iij' llic mitiii'iil stZi'. 
 
 IV.— H* 
 
TALL EUGENLV. 
 
 EriiF.XIA I'llOCKHA. I'oliirllis iliiljlnri.^ uj-illdrilidf: ^-\-f<)iifi rlis fi'tii) 
 
 hrcviorlbiis sub Jhirc liilirdchtihiti!', fAiis ovilis ol/lnxc iicdniiiintls rn- 
 iimqiie. (jhibris. — Poiisct, Siiinil. P^iK-yc, vol. ii. p. l'2!l. Dkcand., 
 Trort., vol. iii. p. 208. 
 ^^vu■n•s ruocEUA. rtildiifulis rudfirds (mllaribns vmjlurh^fulds uniiix 
 acuinmalis: phidi" f/fd.hri's, rddii.^ finjdHs, rdulc urlmrro. — Swaktz, Ti'od., 
 p. 77. Flor. Iiul. Occident., vol. ii. p. 887. W'ili.u., Sp. pi., 
 vol. iv. p. itiJS. 
 
 Tins is aiiutluT plunt witli tlie aspi'ct ui' ii Myrtle, wiiicli 
 becomes a tri'e and attains an i'l('\ati()n of twciiiy to tliirty 
 fet't. It was discovered liy Swart/, in tiie linests of the interior 
 of Ilispaniola. It is likewise indii^iMKUis to the islands of Mar- 
 tinique and Santa Cnr/,, and has now been Ibinid coinnion on 
 Key West by the same gentleman who met with the pre- 
 ceding .species. 
 
 The wood appcu's to be white and close-; i-iineJ. The twijjjs 
 are clothed with a light gray, almost white and silvery, hark, 
 and are spreading and sonn'tiines zigzag. The leaves ar(! on 
 short jietioles or." and a half to two and a half inches long by 
 an inch to an inch ami a half wid". ovate-acnniiuate, and ob- 
 tuse, rather opaque, nearly scentless, though provided witii the 
 usual resinous vesicles, and from the bud (hey are perfectly 
 ,«mooth. The llowers are said to be fragrant, and come out ou 
 separate axillary peduncles, from two to foui' logetlier; the 
 pedui'i'les at first are not more than three or four lines long, 
 but grow out at length to the extent of half an inch. Tiie seg- 
 ments of the calyx are four, rounded and Ijroad, rough, with 
 aromatic vesicle.', but smooth. Tin; p(,'tals, four, are rounded 
 and concave, slightly ciii.'ited, and ap[ii'ai' to liave lireii reddisji 
 white. iStameiis numerous, the anthers wliilish. The berry 
 
 spherical, brow lisli yellow, about tin' si/.e of a grain of Mack 
 122 
 
< 
 
r.iliitMii:! |ii(H'fr:i 
 
 A/// // 
 
 •t^etu 
 
 /,f/n/fi>:tttT f/fn 
 
rngmm 
 
i 
 
Pl.XXIX 
 
 Htkf letivftl thtfft'tnti. 
 
 K"f^eiiiit iMixiroiia 
 
 ltiinhi*.firr It fhit 'h.v ilftnii.v. 
 
pep 
 Mild 
 lir.sl 
 l-se 
 
 IIOV 
 
 tllil 
 
 dill 
 
 .1 L 
 
 I 
 I 
 \ 
 
 Nh 
 
 liii 
 
 I'Dl 
 
 he 
 til 
 
liUX- LEAVED EUdENlA. 
 
 \-l:i 
 
 \)v[)\n'r, stiuldinl over witli mmuToiis gliiiids or iiroiiiatic cists, 
 and irowiu'd with tlio hroiid, persisting border of tiie eulyx ; at 
 (irst 2-eelled, with several ovnles ; at length the berry is oidy 
 l-seeded; the seed large, witli no distinct cotyledons. It 
 liowers in April. The size of the leaves a[ipears to vary, .so 
 that in some .specimens they are uniibrmly only about hall' the 
 dimen.sions we have given. 
 
 PLATE XXVIII. 
 
 .1 hnoich of the v.atand aizr. and if /In hn/i-lnii-cl hind. a. A cliidlif </ 
 
 tlic bcrric'". 
 
 BOX-LEAVED EUGEXIA. 
 
 EriM:NI.\ r.UXIKdl.I.V. I'ldniu-idifi nj-'dhdulina rniiin^i^ ii\(dlijh,ri-' In'i (■(.-■'«/;/('>■, 
 ludirclh'.'! Sidl ll'ifC li:lil-'lr/,nl(ll!y,fiilJi--i ol/OVatO-ohllinrjis iilitilsj.l htl.'<: ,ll/i- 
 
 nu(iti-'< opftr(.< stili/iin pinirlntig m(ii-<i'iic sidirci-dbili-i. — Dkcanu., I'l-dd., 
 
 vol. iii. p. 27'). Wii.i.D., Sp. pi., V..I. ii. p. HOO. 
 MvuTC's juxiriii.iA. Ji'iiriindis linrisM'in!.'! niiifii'li>: nxiU'iriln'-', Jnlun 
 
 vuiicalis oliliiiKjiii iMiisis coiivcxiiiscidi-i.—^wwiTi, I'rod., p. VS. Fk)r. 
 
 Ind. Occid., vol ii. p. 8!)9. 31. imidimhi ? HwAiirz, Elor. Iiul. Occid., 
 
 vol. ii. p. Hit.S. 
 Mvicri-s AXILLARIS. I'oiKKT, Diet., vol. iv. [). 412, (lion Swarl/..) M. 
 
 I'lilnli, Spreng. Syst., vol. ii. p. 4S:1. 
 
 This pliint, also a native of Cuba, St. Domingo, and .Tamnica, 
 hiis lieen observed at Key West hy Dr.Blodgett, where it is very 
 coinmon in sterile places, aflecting the vicinity of the sea, and 
 becoming a tree of about twenty feet in height, with a hard, 
 white, close-grained wood. The bark is whitish-gray and even ; 
 the twi'is are slender, and chiel'.y clothed with leaves toward 
 
121 
 
 I! ( ) X - h K A \ E I) E U G E N I A. 
 
 tlicir smiiinits; [hoy aw wcd^o-obloiij;-, Honu'tiiiu'H alninst hinccch 
 latf, ol)tiisL', and ahvajH iiariMwcd liidow into a luiiuiti' [it'tioli', 
 ^io tliiit tlii'v ai)j)t'ai" to he nearly .^ess^ile, ahovt; of a daikisli 
 f:reeii and .somewhat shiuinjx, beneath ihdl and jialci'. ^h iid( riy 
 nerved heuealh, soniewliat opanne, pnnctate, and nli.ulitly i'e\(>- 
 hite on the margin; they are abont one and a hall' ineiies long by 
 
 one-liair to tint 
 
 '•([ni 
 
 irters of an iiuli wide. The llower.s are vei 
 
 .'iniall, in axillary branching elnsters of three to seven together 
 on tln^ minnte and \ory short bracteate raceme; tlii're are two 
 niinnte liraeteoles nnder each llower; the calyx as well as the 
 
 than twice the leniith of the cdvx. The ealvx, racemes, and 
 
 tals are studded with resinous glands, and tiie latter are nion 
 
 twice the length of the calyx. The calyx, 
 minute liranehlets iire covered with a close lirownish pubescence. 
 Tile llowers are 2>f>fi/!/iuii<>iix, on many sjiecinu'ns sterile, though 
 furnished witii the jiistilhun; and nuuiyof the llowering clusters 
 are produced on the mdied branches where they have been pre- 
 ceded by the former leaves. The berry is dark brown, covered 
 with resinous glands or cists, about the si/e of a grain of black 
 ])e[)[)er. and when mature C(jntains one or moie (rarely two) 
 large seed.s in one or two colls, with blended, Inseparable c(jty- 
 ledons. 
 
 PLATE XXIX. 
 
 A briuu-h of tin; naUiral size. (t. A Jlnu-cr iiil((ri/ul. h. Thckiri). r. A 
 Inrri/ willt two cttln. 
 
I A.WIl. 
 
 1^ 
 
 N. 
 
 ^ 
 
 /m/itifi .f/fmnn/ 
 
 Tci'iuiiuillU i-:Uj(|i|i:i 
 
 A\tiiti/.'/ifr </*' • /^'/'^,//ji// 
 
INDIAN ALMOND. 
 
 ya/nral Onhr, CoMnuETArK.r, (H. r.ruwn.) L!,n>mm 6'm..v/>/nt- 
 tij)i. Dkcaxdui.v, Mo.nugvma. 
 
 TEPvMIXALIA. (Linn. Dixanl.) 
 
 Klnw.is orteu roLY.iAMois lV„>u ul,o,h..n.-15onU.r of tlie r.h/.r a.'.i- 
 auo.,s. ,.nui,anu!ulo, r.-d.fl, ihe .livi.U.ns a...t.. J>,f'rls mm.. 
 :,.„„/„s lei,, in a .louble vow, long.. tLau the calyx. (Mn;>, %v.tU 
 two (.r rlMTO ovalos. %/■' iilitornu so.n.wliat lu-ulr. i/nV- ""t 
 
 .,,ow I hx tlK' ralyx, cfi-.u .li-y, in.Ul.^ceuV. l-se..l.a. The .cal 
 
 i-oseniblinix an ahiuuia. C-'///.^/-/'- spirally .M.nvoh.te. 
 
 Trees of the largest si/.o or shruhs, >vltl, alternate or rarely opposho 
 l^,,ve-^ crou-aea toward the extremities of the l.ranches, a.,.! henee 
 ,l,e tjenerie name. Flowers in spikes: the spikes in r..eeines or 
 pani'eles, l.isexual in the lower part, and male in t!,e n;.per. 
 
 S 1. Catappa, (C^erlner.) The drjpc co„q,ns.ol, v:llh the n.mjm 
 u-mrjvd or ini-ii-h, (ilkiniatal. 
 
 CATAPrA, OR INDIAN ALMOND. 
 
 Ti-niM 1 n M.rA e vr.s ppa. 7'o///.s ohnvaU, km allnnmli^ ^»l>lir. moUllrr p>,hr.<. 
 
 DKrAM..', I'roa., vol. iii. p. H. Ltnn-, -M'^""^- V" ■'^'*- 
 TniMINAl,.A CATAIM-A. Leaves uhont the extrennties of the hraneh- 
 lets on slant petioles, ohovate, enneiite, and attennalea, at the same 
 time slh^ditlv eordu'e at the base, a little repand, with a large 
 
12G 
 
 CATAl'J'A, () 
 
 IMJIA.X AL.MOMD. 
 
 oprc 
 
 (1 i;l;in(l lu'iicatli on each side tlic tiiiilrih iiciiv lljo l)iis 
 
 ili 
 
 Miliiai'v, siiiiplv 
 
 sliortc 
 
 or IliMii the loaves; (InqK! 
 
 i>\al, i'.iiiiih'c.-s(m1. i;Ialir'ius, « illi olcxatcd naxirular iiiarj;'iiis. cDiivr 
 
 liiitli r-i(lo:-. — Ai'.NnT, I'l'dd. Iiiil. (»ii( lit., vol. i. p. 813. 
 
 AClfllN S 
 
 J.-, w 
 
 I. i. tah. Ill" 
 
 Illiist. tah. 848, tiir. 1. A'I'i 
 
 liiiKKi), Flora Malaharica, vol. iv. talis. :] and t. Tuuuicv and Uuav, 
 
 F!or. X. A 
 
 HUT., vol. 1. 
 
 4S;1 
 
 "[> 
 
 A((iiiii)iNf; to Tonry and Gray, Dr. llaslor lias discovered this 
 
 rn Florida. A \arit'ty ol' it is known to 
 
 did t 
 
 roe ui >outlii. 
 
 I'.Mst ni 
 
 the C 
 
 iribiiean 
 
 Islands, which llinahoiilt and Knnth 
 
 iniaiiincd to hi> intro(hiced; hnt I'or tiiis supposition there is pro- 
 bahly no snilicient uroinul, us Poitean euliectcd it in thi' forests 
 t)f St. Doniinjio, < 
 near eonjiener, il no 
 Anblet, — iiis T<iiii/>< 
 
 ■il I 
 
 Kive a .xneennen now InMore me 
 
 ipe 
 
 t tl 
 
 le siune tliunr. was lounc 
 
 d in ( 
 
 iniana h 
 
 '>■ 
 
 ; vet the favorite reuion of it.s e.\istence is 
 
 in tlie tro[)ieal l'or(>sts of India, on liie sandy and jirs .('lly coast;- 
 
 .f Malab; 
 
 ir, ai 
 
 id in tlie island of Java: it tl 
 
 injr to liheed. a very laru'e 
 form, like that ol' a loftv S 
 
 K'l'e 
 and splendid tree 
 
 ronies, accore 
 
 P.>' 
 
 pri 
 
 the leafy snnimit lieinii' eom- 
 
 jiosed of al!iiost-hori/,(jiital brandies disposed in circular sta.ucs. 
 Its wood is white, wvy hard, e(nered witli a smooth gray bark 
 
 w 
 
 hicl 
 
 1 IS re I 
 
 1 witl 
 
 iin. 
 
 Tlie leaves, situated near to the extre 
 
 un- 
 
 ties of the branchlets, six or seven together, at intervals, form 
 
 lioiit si,\ 111 niiK' 
 
 or 
 
 circular clusters of great regularity; they are a 
 inches long by three to five Mide, of an inver.sel}-ovoid 
 cuneate-oval ligiiiv, widening towanl the summit, where they 
 become almost round, with a short, abrupt, slanting ])oint in the 
 centre, narrowed and somewhat cordate at the base, nearly 
 entire, or obscurely though sometimes \cry distinctly erenulated 
 on the border, green and snuiotli aixjve, slightly imbeseent 
 beneath; the young leaves and shoots, as well as the peti(jles, 
 ilothed with a brown and close tomentum. The llowers are 
 
 mall, without scent, of a whitish 'i 
 
 rccii. aie 
 
 1 di 
 
 III iireat 
 
 ibers ill se\'eral almost terminal a.\illary slender spikes; 'hey 
 
C A T A r r A, ( » 1! I X I) I A N A L M ( » X D. 
 
 nre nearly sessile, with oadtieous, coiieiive, oval, [lointt'd braetes. 
 The ealyx contains a small, ver^- hairy, u-toothed eup. The spikes 
 are not as long as the leaves. The IVuit is an elliptic shell, a 
 little compressed, glabrous, surromideil with an (devated margin, 
 eon\ex on both sides, and reddish brown when mature. This 
 druiie includes an oblong, very hard mit, of one cell, con- 
 
 el ry 
 
 taining a white kernel, of a taste appro; 
 
 filbort-nut. but more oily and soluble. 
 
 diing to that of the 
 
 In India it is also cultivated in gardens. The large al 
 
 mon( 
 
 like kernels of its nuts are eaten and served at the Ijest tables. 
 An oil is obtained from the kernels by expression, similar to that 
 of the olive, which is said never to become rancid. It is made 
 
 ii-t 
 
 o enudsions lilvc alniom 
 
 ds 
 
 The Indians 
 
 )U 
 
 the 
 
 leaves medicinally for indigestion, bilious allections, and other 
 
 ma 
 
 ladi 
 
 PLATE .\X.\ir. 
 
 tU I'linirli i,f IIh ii'iliinti .■^hr. </. Tla j/mn r. !•. ?}■■ mil. 
 
 TirmiiKiliii 11 ii::iiiii has a milky saji. and was believed to pro- 
 duce the iien/.oic acid, which, however, is now doubted. 
 
 Anothei- of the species, Ti iiniiKtUn nnii.r. is said to afford the 
 celebrated Chinese and .Iapane.-<e varnish used in their lacipier- 
 ware. This tree grows on the mountains of sevei'al of the 
 southern jirovinces of China, and in the Moluccas. It jiossesscH 
 a lactescent Juice, which, as well as its exhidatious <'ven. are said 
 to be deleterious; but the kernels of its fruits, like those of the 
 Catappa. are perfectly hannless and agreeabU'. vVt Batavia, 
 re'jular plantiitions are nuulcof th(> Tiniiiiiiilin Muhicrdiin.'m the 
 gardens and places of public resort, for the sake of its agreesdili' 
 shade. 
 
CONOCARPUS.* 
 
 ((i.iniiN'i-.r,.) 
 
 K,iliir.il 0,;hr. CoMBUF.TACK.K. Uininmi y.l„s.iJhvl!on, Pextan- 
 
 DlilA, MnXdCVNIA. 
 
 The flowors .l<'ns..lv M^tr.vir^.l' <1 i" irl"lmlar or oblo,.- s,.U<.-liko 
 funents.-rulK' (.f tlie ,„/./,,■ :.boul the hni-lh <.f ihc ovary, pw- 
 sist.nt; iho honh.r r.-.-h.lt. /'. /"/^ m-nc «,o»rv-.? five to ten. ox"- 
 Rorte.1; tlie anthers heart-shape.l. Oran/ coinpresse.!, contannns 
 two ovuh's. The fnnl.^ eoria.'e..ns, corky, and seah'-like. cU,sely 
 inihrieatecl, an.l inaehiseent. (o/yuA-/-. spirally e.nuolute. 
 
 Sn.all .narUin>o trees or shrubs, with alternate, entire, somewhat 
 coriaecous loaves. Tlea.U ui llowers peaunenlate,!, axillary, or ternu- 
 nal, solitary or in panicles. 
 
 BUTTON TREE. 
 
 i;,<,nuh,h.;.. cnp;n,V. ,w.;,../-//..-I)i:.'AN„., rro,l., vol. n. p. K-. 
 Ja<x,., An.er.. p. TS, t. oJ. ('ATiisuv's Carolina, i. :):i. 
 «,/,7^o,w.— l)KeANl>., 1. e. -, , , , 1 
 
 C„ -. .. cr<rU,. Fruits retnnvely i.nhrieate.l in a suhglo.iose head, 
 
 somewhat hort-shape,l, serrcely ^vin^e,l; tube of the ealyx not 
 ,,,,„lueed hevond the ovary; leaves oval-lanceolate, mostly acute 
 or aeunnn.te at each en,l, usually with two d^'".ls at the base; 
 heads panicled.-TouuKV and (iiiAV, Flor. K An,er., vol, .. p. 48... 
 
 '^V^^^^^^r^ -"/"^"M » /'■"'"'. ''" ff"" rmiubUug lUo cone of ua 
 Vix, 
 
not 
 
 48;' 
 
 ko 
 
 
 ii.it 
 
 im- 
 
 Ki 
 
 of ttU 
 

 4 
 
I'l XXMll. 
 
RITTOX THEE. 
 
 12!i 
 
 M<iii<jl«ihi iii-lmr CiiniKiarira f<illis .ialii/iii.<. — IfKiiM.. I'liriul. I'.at. Com- 
 
 MKi.iX, Ifdi-t. Auist., II. llf), uiiin. ic. 
 Abiiis niiiri/iiiKi. iiiiirl'ij'iilid i-dnartuniin. — I'lik., Aliiiiiu;., 1'^, t. 'J40, t'. S. 
 Ahii fructti laurifulia arlmr inaril'mta. — Si.uani:, Jiiiri. Hist., ii. ji. IS, t. 
 
 l(Jl, f. 2. 
 Jiiiioiiiinnlii. — I'l.r.M., ic. 1:!.'), t. 144, f. 2. 
 
 This is iinutlu-r tropicul AWst Indiiin trco wliiuli Uk.' soiitlicrn 
 cxtivinity of Ivist Florida liiis allurdcd. It liiis hccii oliscrvcd 
 (111 tlic slioiv ()(' Key Wt'st, Suutliorn Floridii, iiiid iinmrid 'I'aiiipa 
 Hay. Ill tiio AW'.st Indies, liko tlic MaiiiiTovc, with wliieli it 
 urow.-^, and for a i<ind of wliicli it is taken by tiie Spaniards, 
 wlio call it MiiiKjIc Sanii/OfKi, it aifects the low sand}' and niiidd}- 
 shores near tlio sea, where it Iieeoines an erect tree aliowt thirt\' 
 fi'et high, with the trunk a foot in diainetcr, having a sinootli, 
 whitish-gray hark and angular branchlets. In South .\inerica 
 it also e>:ists on the coast of f!naya(|uil, and in Ciiili. near \'al- 
 paraiso. In a country where the finest kinds of wood arc so 
 coinnion, that of the Button Tree is little esteemed, and it is. 
 llierefore, only used for fuel; it is. however, line and close- 
 grained, in the hranches brownish white, capable of a high 
 ])olish. with scarci'ly any visible annual layers, and made uji 
 almost wholly of dotted medullary rays. The general aspect of 
 its inllorescence, and. indeed, its closely-imbricated inelegant 
 beads of llowcrs, K'ad us almost to compare it with some of the 
 Amciihirca; particularly the .\lder, while its real relations are t(j 
 the ])resent famil}', which includes in the C<niihnlinii itself, and 
 the singularly-splendid Cdconrla of Aublet, some of the most 
 elegant and beantil'ul of plants. 
 
 The bark is gray, liitterish, and astringent, and no doubt 
 medicinal. The leaves, of a yellowish green, are from two to 
 three inches long, three-quarters to an inch broad, acute at each 
 end, very smooth, and on short jietioles, which have fre((iiently 
 two glands at the base. The llowcrs, i'lr which buttertlies have 
 a great predilection, are very incons licuous. grei'iiish yellow. 
 
 Vol.. IV.-'J 
 
130 
 
 lU'TTON TI} !•:[•:. 
 
 small, and cnlU'ftcil into gluhoso heads, in axillary and terminal 
 
 I'ew-liowered panir 
 
 Udi. 
 
 les on iiedicels al)out tlie k'nutli of tlio ca 
 
 The heads at k'ni:tli liecdme reddish: th 
 
 ip; 
 
 pi- 
 ades are 
 
 small and scale-like, cork}-, dilated elliptic, Internally concave, 
 with bnjad, thin, carinated mar^^ins, smd are very ol'ten abortive, 
 never more than 1-seeded, and imhesceiit at the sunnnit. 
 
 The island of Co 
 
 iflbrd; 
 
 s another illie( 
 
 1 hut 
 
 vi'ry distinct 
 
 iriii-iniilii iiK o 
 
 )f Jii 
 
 icipun, ]ait (iown 
 
 species, which may i the C. 2 
 as a variety of the ])resent by Decandolle; the cidyx, however, 
 is almost entirely smooth, with very acute segments, and the 
 leaves are sharply apiculated, and sometimes obtuse with a 
 short ])oiiit. In this the wood appears to be ver}' hard, and m.< 
 close-grained as mahogany, of a dull white, inclining to giny, 
 with a delicate featheri'd appciirance, and a thick baik, gray 
 externally and blackish within. 
 
 According to Prince Afaxiniilian, the liiirl< of tlie ('iniiKiirpiix 
 run i/iif.'iii (one of the ]ilants called Mangrove in IJra/ii) is nuich 
 used at liio .buu'iro f<ii' tainiing. 
 
 pL.\Ti; xxxirr. 
 
 A Irnnirh <j Ihr ),iiliii-'(l .w';r. n. Thr jh.ir.r. A. Tin- Jh-:i, of the 
 iKiliirnl ■•<'ii . c. '/'In' smiK' iiiiii/iiiliiil. 
 
«. 
 
 :« 
 
 I % 
 
 SILKY r.uTTox tui:e 
 
 t.'iiNiiCAlU'l.S i:IlF.l'TA. 
 
 )• sr.uii'KA, (Vin-^ 
 
 {rr, 111 llil'l 
 
 rilrril.) /•''/(' 
 
 llllbuKjix Itll'ilUlllC (lilllll, 
 
 iiill.i ad ntriiin'iiiy p'lij'di'dn it^nii a 
 
 hili;. 
 
 !"■' 
 
 i-.<.s't' fi'll<j.s(i-s-irii'it-s 
 
 — DlXA.M)., I'l'i 
 
 vol. 111. p 
 
 M,ii,i/lr fota.i ulihwiiin liiio/ri.t KliiwjiK: nxMl Imuh/n 
 
 luiljiiLI'liXd (Ji 
 
 •hdiiA'Ua. — 
 
 tSLUANli, 
 
 Hist. .J mil., vol. ii. 1). 07, talj. 1«7, lii,^ 2. 
 
 ACCOUDI.NT, 
 
 to SI 
 
 OIUH' 
 
 this tree is ivuown in Jiinmicii l)y the 
 
 iiiinio o 
 
 Irc't, liiiviiif^ w 
 
 r tlic! Wiiito Mimgvovo, 
 
 (I attiiiiis till' lu'i.uht of twenty 
 
 hitc wood with a vuiy .Mnull pitli; thu hnriv is 
 
 also snioo 
 
 )crn louiu 
 
 til and wiiitish. Tliis variety, or 
 
 •cies, nas 
 
 also 
 
 wi 
 
 til the above, at Key 
 
 1 
 
 Dr. Bloil'ielt. We do not see any 
 
 Key West, in Kiist Florida, hy 
 
 thni'i 
 
 distniLruisli 
 
 h it as a 
 
 separf 
 
 ito siiecies Ironi tiie vrcrla except the peenhar 
 
 ilkv, 
 
 be elothed 
 
 shinin,^' pubescence with which the leaves contunie to be clothei 
 even in the adult state. 
 
 131 
 
LAG UNCULAJUA.^ 
 
 ((j.i;ktni;i;.) 
 
 X((/iiiii/ Onlir, C(iMiiiii:TACi:.i;. LiniKiuu VliiKsljiialiuii, Dkcan- 
 DiiiA, M(i.\o(;yxia. 
 
 OtIiiT l)t)i'(U'i' |iorsistiiiir, suhcmiiiiiuiulato, H-lobed. I\l<tl.-i live, iiii- 
 1111(0, s]ii'failiiii;, iiml cuihiudiis. Sliiinins tiv(! or ton, in two scries, 
 ill(•lllll^■(l. iS7/y/r sill Ml Into ; sli(/)ii(t t'a)iit!ito. jV"< luai'ifiiiod, ooi'ia- 
 ooDiis, valvoloss, 1 or li-soodod, orowuod witli llio calyx. C'uli/tc- 
 liuiif! convolute; tlio nidiclo very long. 
 
 A troo of the Carililioau Inlands, with ojniosito, olliiitic, biuooth 
 loaves. IJacoiiios oiipositc, niany-llowei'ed, tlie Howor.s sessile, fnr- 
 iiisheil with dceidiioiis hraetes ; tin; calyx liilii'aoti'oiate at the siini- 
 iiiit. The seed gcriiiinatiiig within the nut. A genus nearly allied 
 
 to LUMNITZEKA of Illdiil. 
 
 WHITE MAXGIIOVE. 
 
 I 
 
 l.,Aiiixcii,AurA iiACK.MosA. (iinii!(i\ lil. ('ar)iol., vol. iii. p. 20!), t. 217. 
 
 Dix'ANii., I'rod., vol. iii. ji. 17. 
 C'uNuCAKi'i;s KACKMOSA. Ful.ii< huicaibtlii-nndis iihlii.siiisfiilis, J'n/i-ii/iiis 
 
 scf/nytdis. — Linn., >>ii. jil. Wii.i.u., vol. ii. p. Wo. iSwautz, Olw., 
 
 !>. 7!3. Jacq., Anier., p. f<0, t. '>'-\. 
 
 * Fniin tiiijuiicuht, u little buttlu, iu alliLsiou to the form of the uut. 
 132 
 
Ills 
 
Pl.XWIV 
 
 lllul, M.n, Mi„^,^.->.;;r„pi„., 
 
tlbil. 
 
 Mump 
 
 V. 1 
 
 Siiioi 
 Tr 
 
 CDUU' 
 
 I'uur 
 by tl 
 sent 
 Flor: 
 Tl 
 {lino 
 long 
 oiitii 
 and 
 rait 
 
 or < 
 
 clou 
 ^-iu;i 
 as t 
 silk 
 
 IIK'I 
 SIUJ 
 
 oVIi 
 
 wit 
 
 wrnkk^tSi 
 
W II I T F. M A N s; i; (I V E. 
 
 ];« 
 
 i:Ihis siJiiih-Cs, — Uiiuw.Ni:, Jam.. \i. l.V.t. 
 M"iii/lc Jiif'firn, fnliii (///yj/iV/.v ,./■ (i(/i-(r.yu misraililiii-i. — Si.oa.m:. .I;iiii. 
 
 ].. l")i;. Hist., vol. ii. \>. (ill. tall. Is7, f. 1. Kui, Dciidr., [i. ll.'i. 
 SciiiA'H'Aiii'r.-. — KiriiARii, Anal. Fr., \>. !':2. 
 tSciiou.-fi!iiA r., iiniiiii'ii'i.- Sviiv.SiiEi., Syst. \'ogct., vol. ii. i>. '-V-'d. 
 
 This jiliint is u native ol" tlu' .sandy and iniuMy slioirs of tlu- 
 Cariblx'iin l.slands and tliu ni'iszliborinjr eontiiii'nt, wliui'u it bc- 
 (•<jn»i's a k»i'ty, branching tree, sonu'tinies dividin.ii' into throe or 
 tour trunks dose to the .uronnd : it i.s called White Mangrove 
 by tile English inhabilants of these islands. Dr. Blodgett ha.s 
 sent speeinii'iis cil' this tree also i'rom Key AVest, in East 
 Florida, 
 
 The III- iMciie- ire eylindrio and brownish, the tnigs ferru- 
 ginon>; tlie hM\t~ are opposite and .smooth, about three inches 
 long iiii!il an inch and a hall" wide, u})on short petioles, cpiite 
 entire, thick, and somewhat coriaceou,s, elliptic or ovate, obtu.se, 
 and sometimes emargiinite, with a pair of glands near the .sum- 
 mit of the petiole, and, in most of the leaves, toward the edge 
 a|i[)e:i;- a nutiJier of nii.sed glandular points, which are closed 
 or open. TLk llowcrs are ilisijosed in a.xillary and terminal 
 elongated nieemcs, the racemes sometimes trilid. Flowers 
 simdl. se.ssile, greenish white; the germ pyrilbrm. and, as well 
 as the short Ix-rder oil" the calyx, eovei-ed with a sh(jrt, whitisb. 
 silky })ubesce!i«'^i». Fi*tnls five, very small and caducous Sta- 
 mens live, not .'xseited. The germ at its sunnnit with two 
 sm.ill. dentiforin bra'^ifoies. the bractes them.selves short, broad- 
 ovate, and cartiK'oii*. Style, at length somewliat exserted, 
 with a snmll, enij|t«tate stigma. Nut l-seeded. 
 
 PLATE XXXIV, 
 
 A linnnli iif ll„ iiiitiin/l .'<;»■. ". Tin' iml in ^m idi'l;/ sluj, 
 
 'W% 
 
11 A B HIT IJKKilY. 
 
 Xii/iini/ On/ii; Ki..i:A(i.\i:.i:, (JiissIlhi.) Ll/nntaii Chi'-sijiiitliiiii, 
 
 Dl(i:(lA, OlTANDKIA. 
 
 yili:riIKUI)IA,*(NrrrAu..) IllI'l'oPIlAr: (I'l i;sii.) 
 
 Fliiwurs DiiKi'iiii s. — Mali-; adj.r, 4-i!i'ri, iuirIi hir^cr tluiii tliiil uf tin; 
 I'l'iMulo. C'lfiM'i, iiiiiu'. Slaniiiia ci^^lit, iilti'i'iiatiiii;; with :i tiUMis ot' 
 I'iirlit .u'laiiils. Fi:.MAi.i: llnwcr with a siiiali l-i-lrlt, siiprrinr, caiiiiia- 
 iiuiatu (■('///.;■, imd C'ii;-ht liiaiids. .S/y/i one; si:<iiiui dhiiijiR', siiiicapi- 
 tute. 7)i('ry juioy, l-seoilcd, globosi.', iiivi'ritc'il with the llushy calyx. 
 
 iSmall trees, spiiiesreiit or iiiinriiied, \\itli tlie general a-^jieet ul" 
 J'JliiO(jiiiix. Jjeaves t'lilire, ()]Hl(l^ite, elothed witli silvery ami t'erni- 
 u'iiums scale.-:. Flowers small, in axillary elii>ters, cr in s[iikes. 
 Berries pulpy, diaphanous, searlet, suhaeid. 
 
 RABBIT BEUllY, 
 
 
 
 OH 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 WESTERN SlIEPH^llDIA. 
 
 
 
 8iii:i'iii:i;i»r 
 
 . .vmii:N-TEA 
 
 S'lilUs i''Jiiiiijfi- 
 
 '^■»»ftts. t/llllXI 
 
 s i/liihris, 
 
 III, 
 
 ■'iiijili' 
 
 nr<fin"!'i-l 
 
 \mti;t!s, Jlnrlhiis 'ill III), ml ix. 
 
 -Mj'n.. tie 
 
 1. Aiuer. 
 
 > Vi 
 
 A. ii. 
 
 y. -2*0. 
 
 Loi don's 
 
 Ene,<e. lM(»ii.F>. J. 
 
 . >:>: \v\n 
 
 relUM et 
 
 l-rutie., 
 
 p. l:>:21, 
 
 fii;. 12US. 
 
 lIooKHK, >1<>P. 
 
 B..1-. Am. 
 
 , vol. ii. 
 
 P- 
 
 V,]x, 
 
 t«h. 178, 
 
 (well ilhist 
 
 •aled.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 rillM'Ol'H^K 
 
 art/diliiu — 
 
 'i u^iJk b^Vior. Bi.r. 
 
 Am., p. 11 
 
 "). 
 
 
 
 * Xiiincd 
 
 ill honor uf 
 
 U' Itiii' Mt. Win. SL 
 
 i-Jitlcrd, llleli 
 
 iwratcir of 
 
 the 
 
 l.ivir- 
 
 f^iril ISulanii: 
 
 (larilin. A 
 
 lUO.lt !^.ioUlili(' L'ilTJc 
 
 iior ami skill'ii 
 
 cuUivatur 
 
 
 
 1:5 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
i . :* 
 
 
I 
 
I'lX.V.W 
 
 sill pill ri|ii( iMLii'llli';! 
 
 l! 1 1 /ill I / /Sfri'i 
 
 hy''it\ 
 
Till 
 ii;itivc 
 J)r. l!i 
 hctwi'i 
 of .",4< 
 of I!a 
 soiiri, 
 hut it 
 Miui.l 
 tl.(j It 
 I'i.uhtc 
 
 tlio 1. 
 witli 
 
 USt'l'lll 
 
 ami II 
 All 
 
 (lill'cn 
 on till 
 from 
 with 
 lliclni 
 
 llfS I 
 
 and t 
 
 it r.n 
 
 \\w I). 
 
 pOlllK 
 
 In 
 r.anl 
 kill.'. 
 
 flftC'O 
 
 Mas^ 
 
 of til 
 im;, I 
 
I! A I! I! 1 T r. I", I! I! Y. 
 
 IM 
 
 This very uhcI'iiI, Imnly, iind (iniiiiiiciitiil tn'c is wliolly ii 
 iiMtivr (iT tlic uorllirni and \M'>tiTii ivvions of Ndrtli Aiiu'i'ica. 
 Dr. liiclianlsijii ohscrvi'd it on tlit- haidis of tiio .SasUatcliawaii, 
 hctwt'cii Carlton and Edmonton Ilonso Forts, in tlio latitude 
 ol' •")!'. and Major rA)n;:;"s party I'oinid it firowinix on tlic borders 
 ol' llainy I,iike, alioiit latilude r.)\ On the lianks of tiie Mis- 
 souri, tlie limit of its ^oiitliern ranj^e is tlie borders of tlie Platte, 
 lint it a|)[ieared to In' most abundant and fertile around Fort 
 Mandaii. or tlie (Ireat Northern Heiid ol' the Missouri, in about 
 thi; latitude of IS'; here it becomes a small tree twelve to 
 ei,i:hteen feet in lieii;ht. ami when adorned with its brilliant 
 scarlet berries, jiroduced in thick (dusters so as almost to conceal 
 tlu! branches, lew obji^cts arc; more ornamental. ('ontrastiMl also 
 with the silvery hue of the leaves, which I'eminds one of the 
 useful ()li\c: it presents at once an iippearance both strikiiii;' 
 and novel. 
 
 Amonjj,' the natives and Canadian vtnairenrs it has several 
 dilleri'ut names. According to Lewis and Clarke, it was known 
 on the .Missouri, to the natives, by the name of the I'abbit IJerry, 
 from lieiu!.;' fed on, probably. In' tlioM' animals, and it was met 
 with by their party in the gorges of the Itocky Mountains, 
 liichardson says the (,'rei'k Indiiin.s give it a name which signi- 
 fii's Fdoody Ilerry, (Metheoo-nieeva,) from the singular redness 
 iind transparency of its fruit. The Canadian voyageurs called 
 it (iniif'sf iJi' /id ii/\ or l>ull'alo-fat. from (he imaginary relish of 
 the berries, or from the practice of mixing them with their fat 
 j)ounded meat or penunican. 
 
 In 1S|.") 1 introduced a plant into the lji\eipool I'otanii^ 
 flardeii; but. being kejit in the greenhouse, it was, 1 presume, 
 killed with kindiu'ss, and was soon lost. About twelve or 
 lifleen years ago, my friends Messrs. Windships, of Brighton, in 
 Massachust'tts, in the vicinity of Pxiston. obtained a few seeds 
 (if the iS/ii/Jni-</iii from the banks of the ]\rissonri. which, grow- 
 ing, giive origin to all the [ilants now in the luited States and 
 
!:!(! 
 
 I! A li I! 1 T 
 
 K I! II V. 
 
 ill ]•: 
 
 niii"s( 
 
 iinipt'. 
 
 A .stiiiulard live iit tliis tiiiu' jirowiii''' in tlici 
 
 ■ry is r(iiit(' us largo as an onliiiary Applo Tree dI" llie same 
 
 age, ami it is ^ct very vigorous and mcreasuig in si/,( 
 
 It 
 
 1 
 
 lu'iieve, aliont twenty I'eet liigli, with a liandsoine, erect triinl<. 
 clothed with a somewhat smootii hark, and jireseiils an ajipear- 
 
 am 
 
 V of the most vigorous health. Its resemhlanee to the Oi 
 
 i\c 
 
 is vi'i'v striking; it has a rounded, niiil'onn, elegant siiinmit, and 
 wiieii ill fruit, wiiicii is at tiie (.'lose of summer, scaivels' ini\ 
 
 tl 
 
 ling cm 
 
 1 he more I)riiliai'.t, from 
 
 load of iH'iries with wiiich 
 
 it is e\ery where clad; these are aiiout the size of small red 
 currants, Juicy, hut not watery, of a pleasant suhacid taste, 
 mixed witli a sweetness whicii renders them generally agree- 
 
 dih 
 
 .Maiie into sweet iellw in tiie manner of currant-^. liir\' 
 
 are tiiought pi'iieralile hy most who have tasted them. Jiiit 
 
 the great use of the Sheiiheril 
 
 la wi 
 
 11 be for coiistructinu' heih. 
 
 or live leiices, at least in the Northern Stati'S where it thiiscs 
 well. Kept down l)y cutting, it hccomes suHlcientiy close, and 
 has alst) tiie advantage of ijcing tiuirny, green, or ratiier silvery, 
 ate in autumn, and it is attacked 1)\' no insect, nor siiliject 
 
 til 
 
 to iiiiy ( 
 
 lisease or h]i'.iiit. 
 
 Tl 
 
 le iH'rries ai 
 
 V iireediiv de\'oured 
 
 WllO IIIK 
 
 ill tlie autumnal hirds, 
 k rounil the trei- in 
 
 particularly robins and hhiciiirds 
 
 tiirongs wliile any thing remains to lie had. 
 
 in its native state it is u small, nitlier nnrrow-toppe<l tree, 
 with the branches ending in stout sjiincs. The leaves are 
 ol)long-ovato, obtuse, shortly petiolati 
 
 liotli sides I 
 
 ree irom 
 
 lanv 
 
 (tl 
 
 iti 
 
 lilt covered with peltate (U- roiiiu 
 
 led 
 
 lie 
 
 irou! 
 
 di a 1 
 
 ens 
 
 ip[ieai' to be ciliated 
 
 iiiii! out as earlv as in Mm 
 
 are III ( 
 
 Th: 
 lust 
 
 .iiicll 
 
 er- 
 
 Tl 
 
 le ('al\.\ 
 
 Ih 
 
 l/r tic 
 
 I'onsideralil V larucr tli 
 
 that of the 
 
 female, and divided down to the base into lour snbovate. 
 obtuse divisions, internalh' \filo\\i>h, but outside scalv liki 
 
 tiie 
 
 lior 
 
 leaves. 
 
 T 
 
 le stamens are eiLiiit, witii oftentimes rath 
 
 t, jnibesceiit (ilami'iity ; tlic aiillicrs are oblong and 'J-celird. 
 
C A N A I) IAN S II K I'll M I! I» I A. 
 
 1:'.7 
 
 'I'lic / ///"/' llowcrs iii'c .siiiiilli'i' ;iii(l slioitly |iciluMciiIat('. \villi- 
 uiil liny \('>tii;cs of sImiiicms. Tlit'i'c is one stvic, iiiid a tliii'k- 
 isli, i)l)li(iiic', siiliilli|ili:; stiuiiiii. Tlic ucrni iipiiciirs inrci-ioi', 
 liiit is. ill liict. (iiil_> iiiM'stcil \>y tlic tiiln' of tliL- culyx. Tlu' 
 hcnics arc ('(ilici'ti'd into cliistci's. and ari' spariiiiily scattered 
 uilli si'aics. Init liri,L:]it anil [(clincid. 'J'lic sccil, nr ratlicr nut. 
 Avitli a cartilai^iniiiis sludl, is suboviitc and sliiiiinj;-, iiincli like 
 tiiat III' Jf>/i/i<i/i/iiii : it is also scored fxtrrnaily, as if partly 
 'J-li)lii'd. ^^ilil a small pinji'i'tiuii at the hasr. The I'lnla'yi) is 
 sti'ai;:lit and Hal, uitiioiit ailimncn. and tin' radii'lo iiifrrior. 
 Tlio ('(ilyli'diiiis are larf;i', liiielc, and i)\al. Mr. Wyetii. in the 
 Kiicky .Miiiintaiiis, ohser\i'd a \ariety itf this species witli 
 yelliiw berries. 
 
 I'LATE .\.\.\V. 
 
 A liraiii-h ■)/■ //.r iiiiliii-'il .«CC 
 
 A secniid species iif (his ^'eiuis is the 
 
 SlIKl'llKKlJl.V CANAnK.VSIS, nv ('.\.\AnJ.VX SlIKl'IIKIfDlA, witil 
 
 elliptic-uvato leaves, nearly smooth above and iiaki'd beneath, 
 clothed with stellate hairs and fcrni^diioiis scales: the llowcrs 
 are also in axillary spikes. This specii's, it appears iVoni 
 Hooker, ran.u'cs far to the nortii. throiiiiliont Canada to l-'ort 
 l-'rankiin. on Mackenzie Jiiver. and Iroin Newtbiindland and 
 Hudson's Bay to tiie Kocky Mountains. In the State of New 
 ^ 'ik I have met with it on the borders of the smaller inland 
 l.ike-. I •! well as on the shores of liidvc V.v'w; but tiiis speci'/s 
 .^ca'Cei becoincs a tree, is without tiiorus, and thi' berries, 
 ti'oiiuh eqiiiiUy brilliant (vith tiie preceding, are ratin'r un- 
 li'easant to the taste. On the authority oi" Men/.ii,'s, it is said 
 abo to exist on the northwest coast; but I luue not seen it 
 there. 
 
 IV.— !i» 
 
.sK w 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 
 W 
 
 1.0 It's I 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 25 
 
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 1-4 ill 1.6 
 
 V] 
 
 c% 
 
 ^^ 
 
 VI 
 
 A 
 
 A 
 
 ;<*«»*.? %. < 
 
 4'V^ 
 
 V 
 
 PhotDg?apliic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST ^AAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. HSBO 
 
 (71«) 872-4503 
 
 iV 
 
 ;V 
 
 -^^ 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 % 
 
 V 
 
 
 ». 
 
 6^ 
 
 -rf*** 
 
 

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xtmi:nia. 
 
 ll'i.', .Mii;i;.) 
 
 X,lhini/ Oiilri: Ol.ACINK.K. Liinnnui ('hts.s'ijhutl,,!!, ()( lA.MUMA, 
 
 MoXOUVXlA. 
 
 Cc'.v-'- 4-t'xitlKMl, iiiiiiiitc, ]H'rsi.^lciit, not .MilMrtriii.Lr- Z'''"''^' f'""'' 
 (li'Msclv jiilo.-o wilirni, (■(ini'iviiit, :i1mivc ri'Vuliitc. ,SV.//;ii /-.v i'i.i,'lit, 
 tlif liliiiiiciits .■;iiiilliiry. iinlluT^ ii.luuti', innir, i""'! liiK'iir, not 
 oxmtI.mI. (h;n-;i J-fcllril. l-s,',.,!..,!. N////.' one. Dmi',- m-.\W, 
 l-sfiilcil. — DuANH., Vol. i. p. •'>•!:!. 
 
 Ti-opicMl tivos or slinil.s Willi smoolli, iiltri-n:it.', .Mitir.', ollip- 
 ticiil or oviito, I'xstipuhito K'iivos; llowors mostly in sniiill, iixillary 
 
 llMllu'lrJ. 
 
 
 MOUNT AIX PLUM. 
 
 XlMllMA AMi:iUr,\NA. S,,:ii.,.«t, j\r,;.< „l,lnii,,;.-; ;.,,/»»(■»/;,< millUforis.— 
 
 LiNX., Sp. i-l. lloH. Cliir., 11'.':'.. Swart/., Ol.s., p. ^V^. Ddcani.., 
 I'roii., vol. i. p. o;!:'.. 
 
 a unihi, foliis ovalis. .1'. //^'//;//../v:.-- I A-'iji IN, Auic-r.. p. I'l'i. t. -JTT, 
 
 liir. .-il. Lamauck, Uhist.. tal). •J'.t", iiu'- "!• 
 
 XlMIA'tA /»' 
 
 /„„„. — MAcrAiiVKN, Flora ol' .laniaii 
 
 liil ; a varii'tv, 
 
 liowcvor, witlioiit tlioriis. 
 
 Xi.>'i;ma 
 
 :ir>ih,il,i, ih>i-c ivV/./M), fnirlii /»/m..— I 'i.!' M int. Ccncr., p, 
 
 le. 201, tij--. 1. 
 
 * Niiliii'il in Ih.iinr nl' 1-'niti(i> Xiiinu s, !i ^\y.m\A\ iiatumlist iiii.l niissi ry. 
 
 l:!H 
 
I 
 
^ 
 
 4 
 
I'lXXXVI 
 
 .; W. r„.i .1.1 
 
 Ximniiii AMit'i'i<-:iii:i 
 
 u..„„/„,„ n„ 
 
 I////* *//. //nit'f tn 
 
'I 
 
 ill,!!', 
 .li-. 
 will 
 
 til.' 
 
 _\ca 
 .lul 
 
 Ircl 
 it i 
 
 1 
 
 vh 
 
 rill 
 illl 
 
 llM 
 
 \\n 
 
 Tl 
 1" 
 
 re 
 
 tu 
 ol 
 t\ 
 T 
 
 \> 
 
 ii 
 1. 
 II 
 t 
 i 
 
MAINTAIN I' MM. 1:!'.t 
 
 'I'liis ]ilimt luniis a small tree, witli an creel stem ami .-[Head- 
 in;i'. uray, vemii'cise. ami soiiiewliiit angular livaiielies. It is in- 
 digenous ti) tlie muuntains ol' Jamaica, Key \Ve>l in l^'iorida, 
 wliere it was I'dmid liy Dr. IJIod^^ett. and is also met witli in 
 the neiiildiiirliDiiil ol' Cartliaiicna. in llis|)ani<>la, and nnin\' 
 years n\ii> it was edlleeted iii tlie interim' ol' Kast Florida hy 
 .lolin liartram. iis Mr. \. (Iray ."^aw sjieeimens of it in liis eol- 
 leelion still extant. Aeeordinu' to Drs. \Vi;.:lit. and IJo.\!)nriili, 
 it is also iiidigenons to the coast ol' India. 
 
 It bears a drnpe the size of the plnm of iMiropc. or of a 
 liiiicon's CL'!-'. ji'llow. smooth, ami shininjr, l-seedcd. with a thin 
 rind and watery |inl|) of a pleasant sweet snhaiid taste. The 
 seed is laruf and while. Ihis |iliim is of an a^i'ee.ilile lhi\iir. 
 ami not inferior to the conimon varieties of that of Kin'ope; it 
 has a slijiht dej;ree of astrin.ufiiey, with a jileasant acidity. The 
 llower: lia\c a frajirant odor said to he like that of franl<incinse. 
 The wood is as yellow as that of the .'"^andal. and. in India, its 
 ])o\\(ler is often snlisliluted for it hy the Brahmins in their 
 ndiiiious ceremonies. 
 
 The leaves i;row two or three to.iicther. cm short, lateral, 
 tnhercnloid hranchlets; tiiey are jietiolate. ohlonn-huK'eolate, 
 oiitnse, ami narrowed helow. smooth, ohseurcdy veined, aliont 
 two or two and a half inelies lorn;-, ami less than an inch hroad. 
 The llowers are disposed in small iieduncnlateil axillary and 
 snhterminal niidiels. the nmliels three or 1-lloweri'd. The calyx 
 is minnte and l-toothed. IV'tals four, lincar-ohloiiir. connivinj;' 
 into a tnlie helow. recurved at tln' apex, and co\-ered with rather 
 Ioii.l;' and dense lirow iiisli-yellow hairs within. Stamens ei,L;ht, 
 as loiii;' as the petals, the (ilaments like the most delicate thri'ads, 
 tli< anthers loiiu: and liiii'ar, ovary .S-anyled at the h;.se, conical 
 mid swhnlate, with the st_\le as long as the .stiuueus. 
 
 I'L.VTf; .W.WI. 
 
 ..I liiiiiirh '■!' i/„ iiidtiiid .v/;(. ((. 7'Ai finit. 
 
JNIACLL JIA 
 
 (Nt n.M.i..) 
 
 S.ilinvl Onhi; AimucaijI'i:.!:. (K. I'.n.wii.) L!,u><ia„ Chissiji, 
 tltjii, l)iii;( lA. Tf,ti;am'1!IA. 
 
 (iWcls liM'.rldf 
 
 lour, ('XSfl'l< 
 
 -Mai.i; 
 
 IWCIS Wltll 
 
 tli.' -■.//././■ 4-clctt. Sl'iitiins 
 
 il. Ki;.MAi,i; lluwns in irli'lml; 
 
 ir iiiii'-ii 
 
 Is ; llif r,ili/.r 
 
 t-blirl.d, Wilh tlir l>il>US illtf.MrUMl to.iri'tlKT. t'"/'..//" IM.II- 
 
 Sl;/h olif, tililoi-m, villous. (>n-ni.- imiiicniiis. .'ir 
 
 I'SfiiiLT into 
 
 1-sci'ili'il. S(t'l clioviile'. 
 
 •ll 1-Sl'Cllfll, COill- 
 
 ii ci.iniiimiul globiilui- lii-Ti-y ol' iiiuiiy I'llls, tlif cilU 
 
 A hicli'si'cnt tr>'<', r 
 
 L'llilW WciiM 
 
 ■hih'il to till' l''n.-tir .-;i 
 
 1 with iii'iii-lv siiiiihir 
 
 1. Loiivi's iillcnial.', ontiiv, witlioiit stii.iilos. jin.ilnciiii,' 
 Miilo lldwors ill iicdmii-uliitid mnliuls. 
 
 ipci-iixilliiry simiilo sjn 
 
 Aiiu'iits iixillary 
 :it tirst lactcsi'iMit, irrci' 
 ■.,,111 Ini, l>ut (listiiiL:-ui' 
 iiofuliar lialiit. 
 
 llarv. lii'iTV vi'iriicosc ami lai'iri', ivsu 
 
 .■iiililiip.'' an d'aniT''. 
 
 lush-vfin 
 
 i\v 111' \cllou'. 
 
 Xcarly alliiil to /lr,,ii-i- 
 .hcil 1)V llie coaK'M-i'iKi.' of till' ltciiiiS and a 
 
 OSAGE OKAXGE, on YELLOW WOOD. 
 
 Ma.miia AiiiANTiACA.— Xirr.,(icM. AiiKr.,vol.ii. 1.. -J^U. l.oi ih.n's 
 Kn.v.l. <.f riaiits, p. THl. ti.ir. l.-l-J.M!. Arl.oivtmii ot Fniti.', vol. iii. 
 
 VV 
 
 i:U-2, 1-'lii2, fijis. 1-22I!, 1:2-27. V2-2H. Lamiii.ht's f^u\'[> 
 
 ■nK'iil to 
 
 I'inus 1. <■. Katon's Miimial, (Hd. 8,) p. 311. 
 
 * In honor ul 
 
 f ho fcluhnit.-a K™l"t:'-'- I'hiK'>'tlKT, »nd i.Mtn.u ,.( .K,t»n,l 
 
 Win. Macluio. 
 
I'l WW I 
 
 Nhit'liii':! Aiir;Milt:i)':i 
 ^'itiife i'ndii/e /'mis ,/ . /r 
 
T 
 tlif 
 ixl< 
 
 Ml 
 
 mil 
 
 r.f! 
 
 CVI 
 
 t^in 
 
 !l \ 
 
 .-11 
 
 r.)i 
 
 til 
 til 
 
 g'' 
 III 
 
 Ik 
 W 
 V 
 
 \\ 
 
 I' 
 
 \ 
 
 I 
 
■ 
 
 <is.\<;i: <i I! A .N •; i:, oi; ^ki.i.ow uihih. hi 
 
 Tins r<'iii!irk;il>lt' tici', lli(iiii:li pi rt'crti} tliriviiiL' ami liaril\ in 
 tlie c-liiiiiii<- (if i*iiilaili'l|iliia. raini'il t'niiri .xci-il^, i|im-h not iiahinilly 
 i'\li'iiil lu the iiiirtli III' llif Arkaii^a-i llivi'i'; it is cmmi llicir nl' 
 rai'' (KTiirii'iins tiiid m'licrally ilcHliliitc of t'liiii. We ^aw a li'w 
 oM ill-;;rii\vii trif:* on tlic lianks of tin- I'oii. i Irw miles I'lum 
 l''uil Siiiilli. it wan niil\ un lln' rich ln\v Imltim-lamls nl" \Ut\ 
 
 llisfi', nriir tin nlliicmc of ilic Kiann'sliu, iIimI wr lirlnlil tin- 
 
 Maclnra in |)crrcrliiiii. liirminv a ;.'r part m tiif pn'\aiiim: 
 iMiibra'jt'ons ftni'.st, ami attainintr an i-lfvatinn nl" lil'tv <»r sixty 
 
 II iw- 
 
 li-rl In a iliaimtiT i>( intwi'i'ii iwn ami •'nri' lirl. It is 
 I'ViT. iiiiiili iiiclini'ij. wlii'ii riill-;;iiiwii. Id tju'uw lint irri'iriiiai- 
 cprcailin;; liinlt.siif cinisiilcraldc cNti'iit, lli<)iii:li :it llr.-t it prfsmtH 
 a very <'ic;:aiit runnilisli .-jni'MiiiiiLr .siniiiiiit. Mm at all lipids it 
 >trikr.s tin- hrliulilrr as .sitim'tliin;^ rt'inarkalilr in 'In- Nipillii'ni 
 I'liii'sl liy till' liraiit}- ami ^ipl(•luloI• (tf ilM dark ami sliiniiiv' liiliaj;*', 
 wliifli ill apiii-arance str(ai,::ly n'si'mlilrs that ui'llir Oranirc; ami 
 llir iiiiiiK'rou.s spines wliicli tlir luamlifs pri'M'nt m'Iii tn iniilinii 
 
 tlic ciitniianson 
 
 Til 
 
 iiiit is aliki- .-iii'jiilar. I'l'sc'inlilin'' I'lil 
 
 ^ri'tiwn ycllM\visli-;.'r('('n oraiip's. Imt, lillnl with a milky jniii', 
 ami, as they ripen at intervals, ur lieemne aliurtive. the l;i'i)iiiiiI 
 iM-neath. like an nrclianl, is strewn with this eiirinus rniil, wliiih, 
 wlion lil>t iliM'overeil lyili;^ lie;;leitiil Ipi'IIimiIi tlie (ree. liil the 
 voyagers to tear ami report it as a |i(iiMiii; ImiI the I'amily to 
 
 whieh it appertains, ami its relation to the .Miilherr; 
 pivsiiinptive sanetion lor its harmless ipialities. 
 
 illiail 
 
 The Maclnni was lii'sl noticeil hv Unnter ami !huiliar in liieir 
 
 lleil lliver, on the hanks of tiie IJllle .MissiMir,. of 
 near Nateliiloilies, ami upon the hanks 
 
 vo3a.i:e 
 
 the Washita Iviver; 
 
 of the Arkansas. ll was likewise ohserveil liy Dr. .lames, in 
 
 .Major Long's e.spetlition, along the hanks of the Arkansas nnil 
 
 the Canailian. 
 
 vear 1^1". ill the i^anleii oC .^lr. ''I. 'uteaii. at St. Loiii-;, whieh 
 
 1 lirst saw living plants, Ix'uring fruit, ahoiit tin 
 
 'I'e raiseil from seeds eolieeteil in the countrvof the ( )s 
 
 It was afterward introdiieed into lit 
 
 irden ol' the late Ml 
 
1 IJ < I S A (i K ( » I! A N ( ; K. ( » I! Y i: 1, L ( t W Wool). 
 
 
 McAralinn. Ill' I'liiliidclpliia. IVoiii seeds collected \ty (luvcnii)r 
 Lewis. The lai't'cst ti'oo 1 liii\e st'cii ill cnlti\uti()ii is in iIk; 
 ,i:;irdeii (if Mr. 'riioiiuis (now Daviil) liamlretli, in Fi'deral Sti-i'et. 
 l'iiilailei[iliiii. It is iiliDUt twentv leet liii;ii and live and a iiaif 
 in I'ii'cnniii rence. 'I'liis tree lias I'oi' many years lidiiie IVnil; Imt 
 tin.' seeds lia\c only nl' late been perrecled. in C()nse([nence uT 
 the ahseni'c ol' the staniinil'erons iniiividual. on the accession of 
 wiiich, iio\ve\cT. il |ir(idnce(l ahnndance of seeds nearly as larw 
 as tliose (if tiic Oiani^e. and inucji of tin' same form: these wero 
 indii aleil in the I'liiit ly an nnnsnal projection of tlie external 
 tidicrcles. 
 
 'I'iie wood of tlie Maclura is solid. hea\y. and elastic, of a fnu! 
 \e]l(i\v cdloi-, wiiicii. lil^c tile Knstic. it i'ea(iily c(anninnicates to 
 ^^aler. anil it miLilit consei|nently be nsed as a dye. It is also 
 cajialile of recei\injr a line ]ioli>h. and resendiles satin-wood liy 
 its brilliant jzloss. The cdasticity and din'ability of its wood haws 
 long lu'cn ('(debrated I)y the Indians, who. from its nse, have 
 bestowed n|ion il the name of Iiow-wood. and tlie ( 'unadian.'^, 
 wild tra\('rsed tliese i'( ii.- in (|nest of fill's, loiew it loiiii' by 
 tlie name of the Hiis il'uri-. The bark, as in /irnn^noni /iii. alfoi'ds 
 a line white lia\. Anothei' important nse of the Maidnra, in 
 this climate, is tliat of liirinini!' live I'ence.s or lied,L;'es. for wliieh 
 imrpo.se it is well adapted, as it bears cnttini:. grows (dose, and 
 is very thorny, as wtdl as free from tiie atta(dss of iiligiit and 
 insects: it lias all tlu> advantage of l<ee[)ing for a long tinu; 
 green, and a]ipears. in all respects, as (degaut a fence as that of 
 the Wild Orange in the South. It has besides an additional 
 recommendation in its nse I'or lce(liiig sill\-W(a'ins. for whi(di 
 purpose it is scarcely inli'rioi' to the I'amons Munis luii/ll- 
 (■(1)1 1 it.''' 
 
 * IlilliTi'iit iijiiiiiiiiis lire now cnlirliiiiii'il iif tlio viilin' nt' llir Iciivrs nl' ilii" 
 Marluru a.s a I'uml I'nr .-ilk-wiiniis, muuo appruviiiir ami nilurs clr-cnura^iiif; 
 lluir u.sL'. 
 
I'l. XX.WIll 
 
 .\h«'liii-!i .\lirii,iti;tr,i . 
 
frra 
 a;e 
 
 iUV 
 
 1.11- 
 
 1'" 
 itsi 
 
 \vi 
 
 do 
 
 in 
 
 SI 
 
 mi 
 
 '2h 
 fill 
 Ic 
 111 
 t't 
 ir 
 tl 
 a 
 a 
 1: 
 li 
 (' 
 
 V 
 
OS 
 
 A (IK OUANliK, OK Y E M- O W WOOD. 
 
 It: 
 
 'I'hv 1 
 
 iriiuc 
 
 ■lios ;uv lloxiiotis HU.l round, clothed with ii siiiootli 
 
 L;r;i\' bur 
 
 il.O usiiu 
 
 ■k. Thi' k'iives nro idt.Tiiiit.'. iipt 
 
 llv oviil iUid acuiniiiMti'd; on tlir iH'urni 
 
 in lon'i I'oot-f^tiilks. mid 
 
 bnintdu's they 
 
 however, o 
 
 hase, vei 
 
 liciit; tlie U[)[K- 
 
 AV-n fousidei-iihly hir-.T, and hcavt-shiiptd at the 
 
 it iiuieronatcd and a litth^ pun- 
 
 tli ami shiniiii!. hut the petiole 
 
 V entire, with tlie poi 
 
 r surliiee ih suioo 
 
 ;nid nerves o 
 
 11 I lie under .'^ide ol' the leaf are 
 
 ;c)liie\vhat hirsutelv 
 
 puhes('ent. The petiole is ol'leii an iiieh 
 itsell' two to I'our iuehes, and one an 
 
 or more U)ii' 
 
 the 1 
 
 .eal' 
 
 d a hair to three iiiel 
 
 widi 
 
 Tl 
 
 R' ntlllltillill ruiiii 
 
 plant appears uniforinly weaker, more 
 
 delicate, and smaller 
 
 •-leaved, than the lertile plant. The ll 
 
 lowers 
 
 111 
 
 it are axillary, in peduncu 
 
 dated smal 
 
 ,ds, each umhel 
 
 coiitainui' 
 
 about lil'teeu to twenty flowers, consisting i 
 
 lu'ri 
 
 ly of 
 
 a sum 
 
 mens, on 
 
 U -l-clel't calyx, wit., oval liairy segment 
 
 ant 
 
 1 lour sta- 
 
 Icmilheiied and exserted iilaments. The anther 
 
 's are 
 
 :i-celle( 
 
 1,1 
 
 WV'SC 
 
 and oval, openi 
 
 nil 
 
 lengthwise. In both plant;- 
 
 SI 
 
 ngle, undivided thorns 
 
 come out in the upper axils of the 
 
 leav( 
 
 Tlie yl/mf/t; capituluni eon 
 
 SI 
 
 -ts of 
 
 a eon 
 
 iieries ol' llowers 
 
 mil 
 
 ted into a 
 
 globul 
 
 form, about tin si/e ol" a cherry; tl 
 
 iiese 
 
 con 
 
 sisl also in a calyx of four divisions, hut less regular tl 
 
 laii 
 
 in the male, 
 three-fourths 
 
 an luc 
 
 a nee o 
 
 ,f a tuft of long pubescent threads. The lierry 
 
 The styles and stigmas, one to each germ, are 
 h long, giving to the anient the appear- 
 
 (iUed with 
 a milky juice, becomes about the .size of a moderate hut not 
 large orange, having an irregular tes.-<ellated appearance, almost 
 like that of the Bread-fruit: these tes.-*ellations are the ""''"'.V" 
 enlarged llesliy summ 
 
 its of the segments of the calyx. The 
 
 khole of the calvces, a 
 
 surhice 
 
 t a short distance below the immedia 
 
 and 
 
 become partly ingrafted together into one ma^ 
 
 transverse 
 
 rtioii of the fruit, therefore, presents a serie; 
 
 radiating and woody fib 
 1-sceded germs. 
 
 res, ai 
 
 luong which are i 
 
 mmersed the 
 
 The seeds are obovate, compressed, and nearly 
 
 as large as those of the or 
 
 •ange. The testa is ye 
 
 llowish white 
 
1H OSACi: <>!!AN<ir:, OIJ YELLOW WOOD. 
 
 and ca 
 
 l-til: 
 
 iLiiiiiiiis; 
 
 tlici 
 
 (' IS no iUlMuncn. (UK 
 
 1 tl 
 
 IC l^l't'll IS () 
 
 .r 
 
 vcUowisli brown. ikmhImIdii 
 
 liiiis. witli ili(> Viidicli' iiivfitcil IVoni llio 
 
 iixis of the IVuit, and curved partly over the inar;;in of tlic thick 
 and llcsliv cotyledons toward tlic point occupie(l hy the liyluni. 
 
 'I'lic I'riiit. wlicn ripi 
 
 nccnlcnt. 
 
 swcctisli lait insipid 
 
 taste, and is soniewliat acrid. As i'ar as we know, it is not 
 
 iten 1 
 
 )V anv annna 
 
 It is readily propaizated l>y sowin.ij- the seeds, and also Ly 
 tini;s of the root. v. niidi ,i;row much more readily than cnt- 
 
 cu 
 
 tiniis ol 
 
 th 
 
 iinch 
 
 Althoimii several male plants were 
 
 rai.sed in this vicinity, it is sin.uiilar to remark, that while the 
 fertile plant is in its utmost vigor, very lew of the lormer sur- 
 1, as their presence is necessary I'or fertility, it jirohaljly 
 
 the 
 
 an( 
 
 wou 
 
 Id be the liest way to iu.ural't the male on some one 
 
 branches of the bcarini;' plant. 
 
 A h 
 
 PLATE XXXVIL 
 
 rh of Ihi iiiiilf phiiil (if llii iiiiliirnl .'•■izf. 
 
 n> 
 
 ,I,JI,. 
 
 (ink 
 
 cnlaiyal. h. Tla J'l muh' cqiili'-l'i 
 
 PLATE XXXVIIL 
 
 7V» fr'iil fif till- li'itiii-'il si:(\ (I. A triniz-vrrRc ."irlioii of Ihr ftrmic. h. T/n 
 
 "I'l"" 
 
 // :rh view of the 
 
 :,f Ihr iilinr/irc t/inns in tin' m/7 
 
 77./ 
 
 (/. 77ir sniiu: ilirishd if the teslit. c. Tin iiiil'i\'/o. 
 
 il trill, Ihr 
 f The 
 
 Besides the Fi'-'. we have, in 
 
 this interestinu- faniilv of plant- 
 
 the famous Bread-fruit of India and the islands of tlu' Pacilli'; 
 the (.'ow Tree, or Talo de Vaca of Smtli America, which is 
 
 pply of rich 
 
 tai'p 
 
 d like a fountain 
 
 111 vields a 
 
 copious su 
 
 and wholesome milk. The nuts of the liroximinn (ilnnixlrmn, 
 when roustud, are used in the place of bread, in the West Indies, 
 
(.SACK 01! AN (IK, <> U YELLOW WOOD. 1 1- 
 
 au.l l.avo a ta.tc similar to that of ha/ol-unts: th.> juice of all 
 tl.o plants of this family also contains more or less ol ea<.ul- 
 ,.houc. Amidst this generally harmless group of plants, it is 
 .i„,n,lar to find the deadly Upas of Java, {AuUarl.-< lo.nn,na.) 
 ^vhose inspissated juice is found to contain that most virulent 
 of all poisonous prin.^iples, strychnia. It is, however, some- 
 what doul)tful what the real alfinities of this plant are, as it is 
 iicknowledged to he an anomaly in the family. 
 
 Vol IV. -10 
 
NETTLE TREE. 
 
 Xiihinil Onln; UlmacK/K, (Mirl)cl.) Lliiiiiiuii (Uiisxifiintlnii, 
 I'OLYGAMIA, DiaXIA. 
 
 CELTI8.* (Lix.v.) 
 
 Flowers rni.YdAMOi's. — S/iiiiu'dii/i- lldwcr witli tlio fiilyx S or (J-pnrtiMl. 
 (%rollii iioiic. <S7(/;;irt(.s four to scvoii. J\rJ'irl p.- rn- witli tin' ciilvx 
 ilc('[ily il-inirtcd. Xo curnUa. Ofitviuin l-ci'lK'd; '.he unilis t^uWUivy 
 and j>t'ii(liilinis. Sl^'/kxcry sliort; i<li'i/iii(i.'< two, (liickisli, sulmlalt', iiiid 
 sjircadiiitf. Jhii/ir j^Holiiilar, l-.-JociU'd, thinly coalid with a r-woilish 
 imliL J'Jiiiliiyii invfi'ti'd. ('uli/ldlijiin loldcd. 
 
 The troniis within its jiroiicr hounds includes <lo<idnons-loavod 
 trees ot' South I'-urope, tin; Levant, the mountains of Xopaul and 
 ('ul)iv, and the torosts of the United States. The true Celtides have 
 alternate, entire, iletiduous, and mostly eordate leaves, generally 
 ohliquc at the base, o-nerved, entire, hut mostly serrated on tlie 
 margin. The sti|iule8 are inemhranaeeoii.s and deciduous. The 
 llowers are precocious, or npiiear before the expansion of the leaves, 
 with alilm-like irrei,ailarly-torn membranous perianth, the stamiuifer- 
 ous ones near the base of the branchlet iieilicellate, and three or four 
 toircther. The fertile llowers are solitary and axillary, on shoi-t 
 peiluneles. The drupes brownish yellow, rather sweet, insipid, and 
 nearly jiiiceless. 
 
 For the tropical spceies with axillary cymes coeval with the leaves, 
 two distinct styles, and an ovary with two ovules, I propose Jie mime 
 of TuACiiv:ii:NDito.\, (in allusion to their rouj^di ludiescent leaves and 
 twigs.) .Most of these species have a tough librous bark of the nature 
 of hemp. 
 
I'l.XiLVIX. 
 
 I 
 
 I'l'llisi i-ftii'iihili 
 
 .»■„,„// /„„vv/ Ir///, /,; 
 
 ,/,,„/.■ 
 
Cki.' 
 
 ,1, 
 
 e'i:i. 
 
 '1 
 Dr. 
 wit 
 
 I''"- 
 
 iiit( 
 
 it, 1 
 
 IIIK- 
 
 ri-i 
 wii 
 liir 
 in;i 
 fac 
 aid 
 
 k-a 
 
 is 
 
 tli( 
 
\ 
 
 SilALL-LK.VVED XETTLE TURK. 
 
 Ci;l.riS lU.TKll.ATA. Fi'lii-' //(•(.*•//< -/.y, liihi-iunliilis siilirnriiiri !.y, r!.r ,1 
 
 (hi-iiiis i-ttii-iiliit.i, jhiliiiifiili.s j'rwli/d-i.i iiii{ll'>n.<. 
 Ciii.Ti.-i i(KriiLi.ATA.— TouuEV, ill AiinuU of Lycoiiiii, X. Y., vol. ii. 
 \K 247. 
 
 This l.iW--n)\viii-' siiocics of Nctllc I'f was iliscovciv.l liy 
 Dr. .lames near tlio l.ascof thv IW-ky Moiiii.aiiis; 1 liUcsviso met 
 witli it in the .simt- mnmitain raiijic, l>y small streams, and also 
 aloii- the borders of tiie Urepoii, toward the Jihie .Moiiiitaiiis, 
 lai-ticularly aioii- tlie banks of tiie Urulee, a small stream fallin;. 
 into that river. It does not, in tiio situations where wo observed 
 it, become a tiud)er tree, but rather a tall shrub, full of .slender, 
 and at lengtli smooth, branches. The leaves become thick and 
 ri-id, and are aln.ut an inch and a half long by k-.ss than an inch 
 svid.-. acute, but scarcely acuminate, witli a few irreuular serra- 
 lures toward the j)oint of the leaf, thou-h a inimber of the leaves 
 may W observed possessin- no serratun'S at all; the upp-'r sur- 
 face is .sinning and .scabrous; beneath the leaves are pubescent 
 along the nerves, though at length nearly (luiti; smootii; the 
 l>etioles art" one or two lines long and pubescent; the base of the 
 leaf is very obli(ine, rounded, and slightly sinuate.!. The drupe 
 is gblK..<e, s(.litary, brownish yellow, on a short peduncle. Of 
 the wood of this «pccies nothing is yet known. 
 
 I'LATE XXXIX. 
 
 .1 braiuh I'f tin luiOiriil. si;c. 
 
LOXG-LEAVED NETTLE TREE. 
 
 Ckltis i.oxiiiroi.iA. /')//( 
 
 ii,i of(ilo-lii/i('t(il'ilis jiro)iiii.'<i: ucuiiiiiiiilis ni/ri/rrri- 
 
 //.>■ (A 
 
 iiii.s Id rii^ii!i.-< III nniiii I, 
 
 'ihris liiisi rotmidalis obliiniis snbvimadl 
 
 ■ 1"- 
 
 •IkIi 
 
 ilisfrui'lifi 
 
 ( (v^- (;/(', 
 
 finlilir 
 
 Cki.tis Ori'iilnilidi.-; fi iiitii/ri/u/jn. — XiTT., (ion. Am., vol. i. j). 202, (not 
 of Lamauck.) 
 
 This troo, finjwiiiir to tlio lioi.ulit of sixty or seventy feet, 
 iuliiihlts the deep sluuly fore.st.s wliicli Ixjnler tlie Missi.'<sip[)i 
 from St. liouis to the vieiiiity of tlie sea. Its even iuid not 
 (K'eply cleft Iji'i'k, in tlie ahsenee of its as[)iring summit, iit once 
 distinguishes this species from the Common Hack Berry. Like 
 all the rest of the genus, (conlined within its proper limits,) the 
 insignilica)it lihiiy llowers ap}>ear early in the s[)ring, hefore the 
 f the leaves. The small branches are smooth ami 
 
 expansion o 
 \ elldwisii hrowi 
 
 The leaves are smooth, of a thin consist 
 
 (.'lice, 
 
 and remarkable for the great length of their acuminated points, 
 
 of an ovate or ovate-lanceolate form, subteiuled by deciduous 
 
 stiimles, and at (irst pubescent lieneath, particularly along the 
 
 large vessels or veins; at length almost absolutely smooth, at no 
 
 time scabrous either aliove or beneath, and wiiolly entire on tia,' 
 
 margin. The length is about Iroiu three to three and a lialf 
 
 inches by one to one and a half wiiie. 'I'lie obli(piity of the base 
 
 varies accca'ding' to the position of the h'af on the liranch: those 
 
 (irst developeil are nearly e(pial at b;!se. andofa lanceolate form; 
 
 the later ones are larger, wider, and more oblique. The llowers 
 
 are as usual; the males about three together toward the base of 
 
 the brancli, the females solitary and axillary, coming out with 
 
 the opening leaves. The stiimens are from five to seven. The 
 
 margin of the calyx-segments is pubescent, but smooth, nari'ower, 
 
 and more deeply divided in f. OriiihiitnUs. to wliicli this species 
 Its 
 
t, 
 
 )i 
 .1. 
 ;o 
 
 LC 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 1.1 
 
 us 
 
 lit' 
 
 no 
 lu; 
 ilf 
 ISO 
 
 ISO 
 
 in; 
 
 IM'S 
 
 of 
 ith 
 ;iio 
 ,i'i\ 
 
s 
 

 
 IM.NI, 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 /jM 
 
 
 IMk w ,mM 
 
 Awi 
 
 
 p-\ 
 
 I't'lllH llllltlll'llllil 
 
 l.iintf Inltvd \\lt/r Inr ■ {finrii/ni ,1 fi'itipl'.' CiiiZ/v 
 
sliu 
 
 Ci 
 
 c 
 
TIIIN-LEAVEI) NETTLE T U E K. U'> 
 
 hoars u du.c ullinity. Tho berry i. or a bruwni.h yellow, ua a 
 sliurt peduncle. 
 
 I'LATE XL. 
 
 A bnuich of llic wdnnd size. 
 
 TIIIN-LEAYEl) NETTLE TREE. 
 
 C.LTI. TKNoroLU. FUli. I'do-ondi. ar.uni.atis ..U,aaUUr .en-uli. 
 
 ,j,s, cnl>,.'lhas ladalk caadlalls cr<ms aliud,, fmdlbm soUara^:-^ .. u ., 
 
 ({en. Am., i. p. 202. 
 C,:,,,,. 0.r;,l,.l'd:s, ;i'i laaOf^iu.-\.^^., Euoyc. Lot., W l-> 1- 
 
 I'lnir^oox, SynopH., i. !>. 2112. 
 CrtTis 0.r;,/...A-';.v.-l)AULix,iTuN, Flcni C;estnra, p. 1M>. 
 Ckltis ^...//..-ruusH, Flor. Bur. An,., i. v ^'^'^ '""^ ""l- 
 
 T,„s specie., nearly allied to C. Ckridn.lulU. is utten ratlier a 
 .,,n.l/than a tree. Near HarperV IW iu Vn.ini. on tl. 
 .unnuits of the nei,hhorin,, nu.untains ol the Line hul.c ,t, 
 ,„.v.rs at the height or two leet, with low spreadh., hranehes. 
 In other situations it beeou^es a tree, as in the vunn.ty o Let de- 
 1,,,,,, in IVnnsylvania. and other places in that State. It ,s best 
 aistin..uished by its broad, rather sh.,rt, and sn.ooth leaves when 
 .,.l,.lt,' and which are not scabrous on the upp..' surface : the n.ar- 
 ,..in is now and then without serratures; their fonn is cordate^ 
 ovate, very little a<.un,inated. The berries are solitary, brown, 
 and glaucous. It is, perhaps, little more than a var.ety ol (. 
 Orvkhntnlls. 
 
 The Amku.c.vx Nf,tt..e Tukk {^^CMs (Whh .talis) occurs in 
 ,hnost every part of Massachusetts, and I know a tree ot .t, east 
 
1.00 THICK-LEAVED NETTLE TREE. 
 
 of tlic Connecticut River, nciirly five icct in diiunctor." — G. 13. 
 Emkusox, Esq. 
 
 TincK-u:Avi:» Nf.ttlk Tp.kf. or Hack Bkkuv, {CcHis crmsl/oHti.) 
 This species is reauily distinguished by the large size, thickne.><s, 
 and roughness of tlie leaves; tlicy are often full six inches long 
 hy more than three inches Avide. The llowers, which arc very 
 inunerous, (in the trees of the forests of Kentucky,) appear long 
 before the development of the leaves, and are subtended by broad 
 caducous bractes. The divisions of the calyx are spathulate, 
 cucullate, scarcely torn, and not ciliate. The fruit, as well as 
 the llowers, from the falling of the small leaves which acccjm- 
 pany it, often appears disiujsed in racemes. The dru[)es are dark 
 brown, nearly black. This species also admits of .some variety. 
 In some the leaves are larger and more pubescent or even hirsute, 
 while others arc nearly smooth when adult. 
 
 The wooil of the Nettle Tree of Europe is Iilackish, hard, and 
 compact, heavy and without sap-,vood. It is so pliable and 
 tenacious, that it will bend nnich without breaking; it therefore 
 makes a good wood for the ,<hafts of carriages and other uses of 
 the wheelwright. It forms hoops which are very durable; and 
 it is said that, after ebony and box, it surpasses all otliers in 
 durability, strength, and beauty. It is likewise unattacked by 
 worms; and is esteemed fa- works of sculpture, as it neither con- 
 tracts nor cracks. The roots serve as a dye Ibr linen stuffs; and 
 an oil has been obtained from the seeds very similar to that of 
 sweet almonds. 
 
I'l Zl.l. 
 
 Ill, I If 1 1,1 1 1 
 
 Fit lis |K' iliiri('ul;il;i 
 
 I Hfinir ijnhih, itll 
 
N, 
 
 r» 
 
 ii 
 li 
 
FIG THE E S. 
 
 Xatnntl Onhi; Aktocarpk.t;, (R. Brown.) Llnnmin Chi^.'^ifi'i,- 
 dnn, I'OI.VGAMIA, DkECIA. 
 
 FICUS.* (TouRN. Linn.) 
 
 l„,v,,.TOUS.— Tlio common recoi.tiU'lo sphcriciil or pyrifomi, rcsoinliliii.; 
 ii berry, ilosliy iind closed, inclnaiiii!; numoroiis iVistinrt aiul iiiinut.' 
 H.iwHMv. iV"'>; calyx S-i.arted. CuroUa none. Stamn>.<! one to 
 tlirco. FrnUi with tlio calyx i5 to n-partod, and no corolla. 7Vv- 
 lllliim one; stylo one, suluilate ; tlic stigma simple or bifid and un- 
 equal. &rd one, covered by the persistent subcarnose calyx. 
 
 Lactescent trees or shrubs, chiefly of Tropical America, Africa, a,i,l 
 India; leaves alternate, stipulate, stipules terminal, conical, r,,nv.iiu1.'. 
 Kecepta.les mostly axillary, solif.iry, or crowded, rarely disp,,sed in 
 terminal racemes, often bracteolato at base. 
 
 CIIERUY FIG TREE. 
 
 Frcus I'KnrNCUi.ATA. Foi;:.'^ onilo-uhhwi/is ailriinrlmis acHwiuoH.'^ ohtiisis, 
 /,,,..; ohsol.tr r,n;l„lh, rarpl,iriii;.< ;/h,hos!s sulH/n,iin<iti-i caluculatis jn'dun- 
 ,,,/„/;,,._Wn.U)., Sp. pi., AiToN., TTort. Tvesven., vol. iii. p. Ar,0. 
 
 i7,w/.v ,n-hor AnirriraiK', avhtill follis von sar'ita,fn'rh< pis!, w.n/mlwlhu; 
 
 * A Latin word of uiiciTtaiii derivation. 
 
 151 
 
1.-2 
 
 CIIi; l!I!Y FIC TKKF':. 
 
 fiiinriii;.^ e rfiiiii.1 (III iiiTniii iliiiitsnis prolifd-d. — l'i,rKi:N., Aliiiiifj., y. 
 lit, till.. 17H, iij;. 4.? 
 
 Tins species of Fig Tree wiis (liscovercd hy Jii(((ii!ii in tiic 
 islaml of Miirliiiiiitie; it is also imligenous to suiiie other nl' tiie 
 We.st Iiidiii I.-lamls, as well us to the iieij;hl)i)riii:x coiitiiitiit of 
 Tropical AiinTica. At Key West, aeeonliiij; to Dr. IJlodgett, it 
 heeoiiies a large spremling tree fifty feet in lieiglit, and, like some 
 otlier siH-'cies, particularly tlie famous nauyau Tree, (/'. IikIIki.) 
 it sends down rwjts from its lofty branches resembling roi)es, 
 which, on reaching the soil, at length become so niaiiy indejien- 
 (Iciit trunlss, in turn producing others; and,spreailing themselves 
 on all sides without interruption, they present a united summit 
 of prodigious extent, which, reposing on a multitude of trunks 
 of dilferent dimensions, .seems like the airy vault of some vast 
 edifii'e sustained by iumnneralde columns. 
 
 The bark ol' the branches ai)])ears to be gray and even; the 
 leaves are very .-mooth on botli sides, luit covered with innumer- 
 able minute dots on the ujpcr .surface. They are three to four 
 inchet lo;ig, one and a half U) two inclies wide, witii a peduncle 
 fi'rtjiii one and a half inches long. They have a few distant 
 penn ^tc' nerves inosculating toward the nuirgin of the leaf, 
 with !;. numerable intermediate slender reticulations of vessels; 
 they arc generally of an ovate form, roimded or almost cordate 
 at the base, with a short and blunt acnnuination; from their 
 a.xils ari.'^e one or two pcdinicli's about three-quarters of an inch 
 long, each tenninated by u bifid involucel, improperly called a 
 caly.K. The figs themselves are nearly globose, but sensibly 
 wider at the sinumit, about tlu' magnitude of small cherries, 
 greenish-yellow and purple at the summit, (as they iippear in a 
 withered state.) with a few purplish pale spots. 
 
 Of thi.s species there appears to be a distinct variety, if not a 
 species, which I shall for the present call /i nvntu ; the leaf is 
 
PIXLU. 
 
 I'iiUN til I'vildlii 
 
 .Sliiiil iiilliil till llff. 
 
 I'HIiir.tr II liiillhy i riir/r.t. 
 
oiiir 
 
 bom 
 size 
 
 Fk 
 
 W 
 
 in; 
 nil 
 iii 
 
 I.. 
 
 Vv 
 1. 
 SI 
 
 ii! 
 
 ti 
 
SIIORT-LEAVED FIG THEE. 
 
 153 
 
 elliptic, shortly acuminate, acute at base, and faintly nerved 
 beneath. It also becomes a large tree, producing a fig about the 
 .size of a cherry, which is yellow when ripe. 
 
 PLATE XLT. 
 
 A bnwrh of the ndurul. .•<!:,:. a. '!%• frnil. 
 
 SIIORT-LEAVED FIG THEE. 
 
 Fi,TS r.KKViKOi.iA. Folds conlalo-orat:.^ hdcfjm-l •/>■, vhUtsU aU„;rh:lk 
 l„;rli,.i;olal/s;/M,ns, ra,!.^ hnmcisL^, rarptaMC^ ;ihho,i^ d. preset, am- 
 IdUralis ^oWards hird pahuirukti^, mrolucdlis hijidis. 
 
 Tins is also a species of arborescent Fig, indigenous to Key 
 Wi'st, in East Florida, but by no means common, and, accord- 
 in- tc' I>r. lilodgett. its discoverer, it forms a tree with a, sUMidcr, 
 rdmost hori/ontal, stem, which in its progress tlirows oiV funicu- 
 lar roots, that serve as props to prevent the main trunk Iro.u 
 iK'coming entirely prostrate. 
 
 The branches are covered vith a light gray bark, il.e 
 -..aves arc about two i aches loig by one and a h;ilf uk:1;cs 
 xvi..', perfectly smooth on both surfaces, on peti.^les from one- 
 . .1 t.. thrce-fourihs ,/ an inch lung. The veins on the under 
 surface are so fir immersed as to be scarcely visible. The ligs, 
 about the size of small cherries, are of a llatlened, spheroidal 
 form, at first, as well as the bilid involucrum, slenderly villous; 
 they grow out chielly at the extremities of the twigs, on thick 
 pclieels, about two or three lines long, and when ripe are ol a 
 bright ish purple red. We do not iind any species with which 
 the present agrees. From the description and spccitic name, 
 IV.— ui* 
 
154 
 
 8 M A L L - F R i: I T E D F I< i 1 R E ]■]. 
 
 wo should suppose tlie present species allied to the F. junTi/d/i'd 
 of IIuuil)i)ldt iiud Bonphmd, hut it dilTers too much to be f-- 
 IciTcd to that species. 
 
 TLATE XLII. 
 
 A bruitrli (if llu' lidhiml size. 
 
 SMALL-FRUITED FIG TREE. 
 
 Ficfs AUREA. Ghihm,fiili<s inlri/irriiiii.'! dlijiliri.^s siilifiniDiimlis nrulins- 
 cidis hasi jilcrisipie anyaxkilis pomliicrriis brcci-pcthilatix,fru('lihus (jlo- 
 bosis gcmmatls semlihus inrolucratis, involucris subtrifulis majusculis. 
 
 fi i,ATii'OLiA. Fuliis hilo-ovalis subcUiptms. 
 
 This species, according to its discoverer. Dr. Blodgett, he- 
 comes, at Key ^Vest, in East Fh)rida, ;i large tree, at first 
 parasitical on other trees, l)ut, destroying its supporter, it at 
 length reaches the ground and forms an independent trunk of 
 lar-.e dimensions. It hears, however, a very insignificant fruit, 
 only ahout the size of a pea, an<l orange-yellow when ripe. 
 
 The branches are covered with a whitish Ijark. The leaves, 
 three to four and a half inches long, are from one and a half 
 to two and a half broad ; the ])eduncles are about an inch in 
 lentith. The form of the leaves is almost similar with those 
 of the Orange, elliptic au<l narrower below, with a rounded 
 summit, and a very short, rather acute, projecting point or 
 acnmination ; they are dark green above, paler beneath, with 
 conspicuous feathered nerves which run together witiiin the 
 margin. The ligs are sessile, clustered by pairs, with a snnili, 
 valvular orifice, and are nearly half embraced by the sheathing, 
 liidd or trilld. one-sided iuvolucrum. 
 
I'l Xlilll. 
 
 '"^'ni't// l'nf/7tf^ /tff tt 
 
 I'll MS AltlCa 
 
 lii{mtr f/off 
 
tint 
 CiUl 
 
 t. 2 
 or 1 
 ill 
 luiv 
 Uk 
 
 th 
 
 T 
 
 in 
 
 h 
 a 
 
 V 
 
 ti 
 () 
 { 
 V 
 
BANYAN TREE. '•'"' 
 
 This sp'olos appears to be very nearly allied to tl.e F. Mar- 
 l!uicc„.U of Willdenow, (the F. hnmfuUa of Lamarck;) but we 
 can by no means reconcile it to Sluane's figure, (liist. Jam, 
 t '>-'3 ) for in that species the leaves are lanceolate, and eight 
 or""niue inches long by two .vide, on petioles two inches or more 
 iu length; the fruit is also said to be scarlet, of the size of a 
 ha/.el-mit, and sweetish and not unpleasant. In our variety [i 
 the leaves are wholly oval and not narrowed at the base. 
 
 PLATE XLIII. 
 
 A bmwii uj Ihf imlnml size. 
 
 The milkv juice of the Fig Tree is more or less acrid and 
 fcti.l, however sweet and wholesome the fruit may be, and 
 that 'of the Firm toximna of Sumatra is accounted poisonous. 
 The sap of several of the South American and Mexican species, 
 inspissated, affords caoutchouc. 
 
 The cultivated Fig, [Flais mrim,) in its wild state, is an 
 lu.mMe and distorted shrul), aflbcting rocks and ruins, bearing 
 •v rvnit of inferior flavor, but with the parts of fructification 
 very perfect. Such figs as seem to drop off before maturity 
 arc commonly those in which the stamens are most numerous 
 or effective. These are carefully collected in the Levant to fer- 
 tilize the female blossoms of the cultivated Fig, which will ex- 
 plain the mystery of caprljkailon. Iu these countries the fruit 
 fresh, or dried in the sun, forms an important part of the fo..d 
 of the inhabitants. 
 
 The B.VNVAN- Tree, (F/rz/v Twlha.) nearly allied to our 
 F mura, becomes in India an iiuiiieuso tree, spreading v.mt 
 wide, and throwing down rope-like roots into the soil. M.rs- 
 
160 
 
 BANYAN TREE. 
 
 dvu moutions one of those growing near Menijroe, twenty miles 
 west of Patiui, in 15en-iil, whieli gave the enormous (liameter 
 of :!70 feet ; the cireinnferencc of the shiulow, at noon, was 
 11 IG feet, and there were fifty or sixty stems. It is called the 
 Priests' Tree, and is held in sneh veneration hy the Gentoos, 
 that if any one c-ts olf a hrancli, he is looked ui)on as sacrile- 
 gious, and held in the greatest abhorrence. 
 
r^ 
 
 J 
 
I'l.XI.IV 
 
 I'rntii'iiiis Kitii'jimiciis 
 
 /!•-,/ 7Vl<: 
 
 fft\tvf i-imiu 
 
'mM 
 
 II AWT HORN. 
 
 Nalaral Order, RosACE.E, {suborder, PoME.K, Jus/icii.) Lin- 
 vmui Cln-ssifwatiun, ICOSANDUIA, Dl rENTACiVXIA. 
 
 CRATAEGUS. (Linn., cxclndin,!? some species.) 
 
 Adiiafo rv;(,/.,-.tu"nc un-colate, with a rt-elel't lionler. l\l<iU five, or- 
 l)i(Miliir. Si'imrns fiftoeii ■ :• iJioro. f^h/'r.s three to five, (rar«;ly one.) 
 J'umc or apple fleshy, ovate or jrlobosc, closed and crowned with 
 the persisting tecth of the calyx, and containing two to five hard 
 1-seeded nuts. 
 
 These are spiny shrubs or small trees, almost exclusively indige- 
 nous to Euroiie and tin United rtates of America, with simple, angn 
 hnly-h-.hed, incised, or toothed lo;.,es, furnished with stipules of 
 somewluit di tlcrent forms on the fertile or infertile branches. FIowims 
 white, in terminal corymbs, sometimes solitary. Bractcd subulate, 
 deci<luous. The fruit rather small, sweet, or agreeably acidulous. 
 
 RED TllOIlX, OR STBEillAN HAWTHORN. 
 
 (hiAT.Kiii'S SANfiuiNKA. Spomsii, fiiliif: scptangiiUs srrrnti.i lio.-ii imidnclis 
 pifloli^ s'lliMdiyii'idi-: — J'ai.i.as, Flora Rossica, vol. i. p. 'J;">, tub. 11, 
 (very good.) 
 
 CuAT.v.iiis SVMJUINEA. Lcavcs broa<lly obovate, somewhat cunea*'^ at 
 the base, incised and serrate, often slightly T) to 7-lobcd, a little 
 pubescent wdieii young, on short petioles, at length coriaceous and 
 shining; corymbs glabrous or somewhat pubescent; segments of 
 
 1.57 
 
ir.M 11 El) TIIOIJN, on sir. EI! 1 AX 11 AW TIM) I! N. 
 
 tlic calyx entire, 
 3—1: I'ruit irloi) 
 
 iiiul, iifi wel 
 
 icdict'ls, not srlaiuliil 
 
 ,ir: sl\le.-* 
 
 .— T 
 
 oititEV and GiiAV, Fh 
 
 X. Ai 
 
 11. 404. 
 
 [i DiAKjluaii opines short and stcmt, (loi 
 
 cultivation, Lintdmi ;) 
 
 fruit small, dark puriilc. 
 CiiAT.i'.uus punrktio, ,9 hrcri.'<]>i)ia. — Doi'iii,., in JIohk. Flor. ISor. Am., 
 
 vol i. p. -201. 
 CR.STAGUS glamlulosa. — Puiisii, vol. i. [>. .'joT, (as it regards the plant 
 
 collected by Ca^it. Lewis in the Ivoeky Mountains.) 
 Cua;ta(1us JJfi/ii/l'i.-ii. — LiXDL., 15ot. liegist., tab. liSlO. Louno.v, Arbor. 
 
 Brit., vol. iii. p. «-';]. 
 
 TiiLS .'specios of Hawthorn, whicli becomes a tree eighteen to 
 tweiity-five feet in lieiglit, is lirst met witli to the West, on liie 
 borders of rivulets, in tiie range of the Hooky Mountains, par- 
 ticularly on their nestern declivity, from whence it continues 
 along the banks of the Oregon, and partictdarly its triliuturies, 
 down to the shores of the Pacific. We foinid it also, in great 
 pt'rfectioii, loaded with its sweet, nearly black, and pleasant fruit, 
 on tlie banks of tlie Wahlam(>t. The stem attains to aliout the 
 diameter of three to six inches, with a whitish, compact, close- 
 grained wood, of which, in common with the Cralj Apiile of that 
 comdry, the natives make their wedges for splitting trees. 
 
 The Siberian plant, according to Pallas, b(\iiins to be found to 
 
 the south of the Ui'alian Mouidaius. and continues 1 
 
 M'voni 
 
 1 11 
 
 Obi through all the southern tract of Sll)eria. in dry mountainous 
 situations, and in the thickets which border the iiigiier rivulets; 
 exactly the sort of situations afTected by the American plant 
 in tlie aljiine region where it commences. It also, like ours, 
 liecomes a (fee twelve to eiiihteeii feet in heiiiht. 
 
 id Vh 
 
 ■nk of lin<liiig haws, prolialily of tills 
 
 the following species, on Flat Head I'iver. which heads 
 the sources of the Missouri. 
 
 aiiaiiist 
 
 Almost entirely deprived of vegetable lliod. every accession of 
 
 I'ruit. however mea'jre, was hailed with delii;ht b\ our fan 
 
 ilslieil 
 
11 ED TIKI UN, OR SinEllIAN II A^Y T II R N. iry.t 
 
 party, iiud the ripo barrios of lliis Ihie Hawthorn vviv colU'cti'd 
 will! avidity. The bu.slies, or rather trees, were, however, so liiiiii 
 that we eould only come at the fruit on horseback, or after ascend- 
 ing the trunk, which often appeared ecpial to that of an ordinary 
 
 Apple Tri'c. 
 
 The summit of the tree is round and spreading, and the thorns 
 vary in size, though they are often short, and in no case nume- 
 rous. Tlie leaves arc broad and somewhat rounded aljove, 
 euneate at the ba.sc, smooth on the upper suriace, and always 
 more or less puljescent beneath; the margin is inci.se and serrate, 
 and divided often into five to seven shallow lol)es. The tlowers 
 are white, rather large, and numerous, disposed in a corymb, 
 with the peduncles and ba.se of the calyx more or less pilose 
 and glandular. The styles, three or four, are occasionally as 
 many as live. The segments of the calyx are rather long and 
 acuminated, menibrn eons on the margin, and appressed to the 
 llower. The berries uiv 4iortly elliptic or oval, and ncarb black 
 or dark purple when ripe. In the Siberian plant, dese.ili.'.l by 
 I'aUa.s, they are scarlet; but he ni.i.u ks that, according to Steller, 
 the haws of Kamischatka are both red ind l)lack, a;,d tinit there 
 tlu'y are not only used as agreeable fruits, init are also collected 
 for the purpose of distillation into s[.irit.-.. A good spirit s liki- 
 wise obtained by the fermentation and distillat.uu of the fnnt of 
 the connnon Hawthorn, {C.o.n/(UiiiilJi<i.) 
 
 This species is very nearly allied to C.ri„'r!i<'.i, with which 
 indeed Tallas compares it; but in f. nn'rina, the 1. ives have 
 longer petioles it luars nuicli larger llowers, wilhl;>>"ivr. segments 
 to the calyx. The fruit is also (in our plant nailer, and the 
 plant more decidedly arborescent. 
 
 I'L.VTE XLIV. 
 
 ^l bi-iwh i]f the V'lli.md ,sui'. a. 'J'hejnnt. 
 
RIVER HAWTHORN. 
 
 CuAT.Ecus itivri.Aui.s. FoUis ovalis rd ohomt'i .. ohla.sis aciiti.irc. inei.so- 
 :<rrr((tis bd.^i (ill()ii(itl!.'> brcri-prHnliili.^-; ctin/ndii.i i,,..':jliiri.< (/luliri-'-; ihiri- 
 bus ■parculifi, rahiris laciniis obltisii bncis.\-!nil.s iiilin''lidii.-'i.t ; fniclibiis 
 m'l/ri)). — Xltt., ill ToiuiEY and Gray, Flor. 'N. Am., vol, i. p. 'Mi. 
 
 (9 CUNKATA. Spiiiis brtfibu.i, foUis cuncalis oblim-'^, inchi.^. 
 
 Along the shady hordors of the rivulets of the Roc'x-y Momi- 
 taius we ol)sei'ved this speeies hk'iided with tiie f()riiu'r, Ix'eoiiiiiij;- 
 e(|ually a tree and produciiif:!; the same kind of 'jleasant daric 
 fruit. It was also oijS'>rved 1)V i)on,t;las in tiie interior of Oregon, 
 wlierc we likewise met witli it. It is, in all prohahility, the 
 smoother, supposed variety of C. pHndatit, mentioned hy Hooker 
 in his Flora. 
 
 The branches arc reddish brown, tlie leaves n^ai'ly as entire as 
 those of tlie Ai)i)le Tree, exee;'t in li, whiTe tliey are sli :litly 
 lobed; l)eneath very smooth, sliglitly pulx'scent above, ataite and 
 rather sharply serrate, with long spines. Tli" peduncles and calyx 
 jierfeetly smooth, the segments of the latter mere broad, obtuse 
 dehtiiiis. Tlu^ flowers are wliite and smaller than in the |)re- 
 ccdihL The berries are also Ijhiek, and possess nearly the same 
 sweet and ratlu'r insipid tasteoftheConnnon Haw, {C.<i.ri/iiiii;:'b(i.) 
 
 LANCE-LEAYED ITAWTIIORX. 
 
 CuATyHiii'S AiUiiiiiKsi \s. /ill niii.-',fuliifi bniiYiiliilis iiiri.-'ii-.'-irriili.t iifviii- 
 tjiic (icntl.s rur'tUr sidibibntis ()Jiihri--< fiiihtiis ail rniis jinln riili-", rnn/inbis 
 ■niiil/ijiuris; mUcibiis i)llv-fis birliiii'^ subiilnlis iii/ii/ri^^Jluribii.s pi iitiiifi/ni". 
 
 CuAT/Kors arbori 'irn-1. — P^i.mott, tSkutcb., vol. i. p. TjoO. Touk. uiid 
 
 <;iiAV. Flor. N. Am., vol. i. [>. tiiij. 
 Kill 
 
II- 
 
 ^'A 
 •k 
 
 11, 
 er 
 
 us 
 
 l>' 
 111 
 
 ISO 
 
 ri'- 
 ii(^ 
 
 nii- 
 
 ,!,;.-■ 
 
 'its. 
 ,111(1 
 
v\wx. 
 
 rralu'yiiK ^pbon'sriMiK 
 
 IdftiY /rumf A^IH'Mi^ ft 
 
 .iitxter orhi'if^u'ni . 
 
L A X C E - L !•: A ^• i: D 11 A AV T HORN. 
 
 1(11 
 
 AccoiiDiXG to Klliott, tliis s^pocii's IiocoiiU's ii tivc of twi'ut}- to 
 thirty I'wt in lifii^lit, with spiviuliii-- liniiichcs. The IViiit is 
 oU)h(isc', quite small, and rcil. Ol'tiic ((iiaiity of the wood uothin;'; 
 is yet known; lint nearly all tlie arliorescent sjieeief are of slow 
 growth, and have whitish, close-grained, very hard, and durable 
 Mood; that of the Connnon Hawthorn {C. oj-i/'ic(tii//i<i) is tough, 
 iind in England is used oceasiunuUy for axle-trees and handles 
 of tools. 
 
 Tiie Lance-leaved Thorn of Mr. Elliott was found on the 
 borders of thi- Ogeechee l!i\-er, in Georgia, near Fort ArgyU , and 
 near New Orleans, and in Texas by Drumniond and Uerlandier. 
 It is without armature. The leaves are lanceolate, acute at eacii 
 end, deeply serrated, smootii both above and beneath, exceiit 
 .some small tufts of hairs at the (hvisions of tlie veins, sometimes 
 slightly lo1)ed toward the sunnnit, (tliough not at all in our speci- 
 men.) The llowers are small, the calyx hairy at the base, with 
 the segments snudl and subulate. 
 
 To .show the great age to which the Common Hawthorn 
 attains. Witliering states of tlie variety called the Clastonbury 
 Thorn, existing in his time, in a lane by the churchyard of tiie 
 aliliey, (ISdl,) "It appears to be a very old tree. An old woman 
 of ninety never rememl)ers it otiierwise tiian as it now ajijiears. 
 ll blossoms twice a year: the wint'H' l)lossoms, which are almost 
 the si/.e of a sixpence, ai)i)ear abiait (.'hri.stmas, and sooner, if the 
 winter be severe. These produce no fruit." Tlie summer llowers 
 bore berries containing only a single seed, which, when sown, pro- 
 duced plants nowi.'^e din'ering from the (ommon kind. 
 
 The Common Hawthorn, though so lunnble in the hedgerow 
 beneath the cropping of the shears, when suflered to grow uj) 
 and stand alone attains the ordinary size of an Apple Tree; 
 and. occupying the village green for a long series of years, it 
 beconu's connected with our earliest recollections of the joyful 
 arrival of s[)ring. The n/d TLiirt]t<irii. again white with its fra- 
 grant blossoms, and their falling on the gro\uid like a shower of 
 
 Vdi.. IV.— 11 
 
it;2 
 
 N A K E I> - F L (> W K RED 11 A W T 1 1 I! N. 
 
 wiiow, iiuirks a deliglitl'iil itii in tlio tlistiiiit rcmini.scenci'.s of ^\n^ 
 writer, when yet the simplest Ijikjii oi" niitiire gave deiiglit. 
 With these pleasing recollections of the past, how toiiciiinj; iiiid 
 fiTiiphic are those beautiful lines of Goldsmith descriptive of tlie 
 "Deserted Village:"— 
 
 "Tlio Iliiwtliiiin Ijiisli, with swits ln'iu'iitli tlw s1i;h1i>, 
 ]'\ir tiilkinj; ml'i' anil jmilliful ciiiivi'i'so iiiiiilc! 
 IIiiw cil'ti'ii liiivo I Ijli'ss'il llu' comiii}; (liiy, 
 When toil ri'miltiiij;- lent its luni to Jilny, 
 AikI ;i11 tlic villn^c tniiii, fniiii liilmr I'no, 
 lii'il up tlK'ir spurts Ijeiicatb tlio sjiroadinj; Irco," 
 
 PLATE XLV. 
 
 A liraw-h (if III' luitiiriil si:i'. n. Tin' (jcvm (ii)il s/i/lrn. 
 
 NAKED-rLOWEIlED IIAWTIIORX, 
 APPLE HAW. 
 
 ('UAT.TliiTIS jT.STTVATJS. SnlisiiiiiiiSH, jlurilmfi pViTnifilnis, fulus rilihuii/n- 
 ciinrifortinhiis rcl dlipllcls hrcri-jiiliiihitis opicr siilisitiiKitn-dcnhili.i inii/n- 
 Intis vrl inr-ifio-rremitis rariim Iriluhatis, jnmorHnin iniiHudis'is, ihniiiin 
 flliihrho, .mhtti.'^ (id ?•(•))/.« pidicfccndbus ; ciin/iiifu's :] tid I't-Jlnri.'t ijUiliris, 
 I iihiiididiisix ; .■>fi/li.'i 4-5, fri(rl!liiis nKixiiiiis i/loliu.^is ruhrix. 
 
 CuAT.TitiUS ((.'■■tiridi.'!. — TiiKKKY and Orav, Flor., i. p. 4GS. 
 
 CuAT.KtiUS cUiplic'i. — iM,Lii>rr, f>ketch., i. p. .041). 
 
 CuATiEaus opaca. — IlouK and AiiNoTT, Compaii. Botaii. Magaz., vol. i. 
 p. L'5. 
 
 Mispibis (I'sUcalis. — Wai.tku, Flor. Caroliiiiana, p. 14S, 
 
 Triis is another iU'boresceiit species of Hawthorn confined to 
 the Southern States of the Union, growing along the low, wet 
 
N A K K l)-V 1, 1) W E 11 K D 11 A W T 11 U 1! N. 
 
 IC,:', 
 
 Ijiiiiks of rivers and ponds, from South Carolinii and Gi'or^ia to 
 Florida: it grows also in Louisiana and Arl<ansas. In Florida, 
 it is already in llower in the early part of the month oC Mareh, 
 
 and presents a \i'ry uuu> 
 )!• 1 
 
 il 
 
 i|ipeai'anee, as yet nearly destitute 
 
 of leaves, or presenting oidy llieir unfolding silky huds. The 
 {lowers are nearly as large as aiiple-lilossonis 
 
 ,liitt 
 
 md pure wliite. 
 
 It becomes at length a true of twenty or tliirty feet in lieiglit, 
 branching from the base. The leaves are elli|)tical or oblong 
 wedge-sha|)ed, on tlu' infertile branches often obovate, on .-Iiort 
 petioles, toward the summit sinuately toothed, angled, or irregu- 
 larly crenate, rai'ely three-loljed or cleft, (piite whitely tonientose 
 when young before expansion, at length glabrous, but clothed 
 along the veins beneath with a brownish pubescence. The 
 
 cory 
 
 nibs are o to 5-llowered, and smooth. The divisions of 
 
 the calyx are short, triangular, smooth, and without glands; 
 tlio styles are four or I'lw. The fruit, which becomes red, is 
 very large and round, rii)ening in May or June, and is one-half 
 or three-fourths of an inch in diameter, juicy, fragrant, of an 
 agreeable subacid taste, and is nuich esteemed for tiirts, jellies, 
 and other articles of the dessert. 
 
 Oth 
 
 spc 
 
 cies of Hawthorn, indigenous to the I'nited States 
 
 might Ije adduced as attaining the si/e of tret's from ten to 
 twenty-li\e feet in height; but, as we have little or no notice of 
 their use and economy, we shall at present omit tlu'Ui. 
 
c II i: 11 11 Y T II v: i:. 
 
 X,il,n;il Onl'i: Hosack.k, {.sii/innh i\ Amv(;i>ai.i; k. .Iiissicii.) /.in- 
 
 iKIilu Clilss'ijiinruiii, ICOSANDItlA, MoNdCVMA. 
 
 CEHASUS. (Ji-ssiKU.) 
 
 r„///r nivcoIalr-liciiiisplK'nciil; tlio iHirdcr tivo-fv •> '.■cidiKms. 
 I'll.ils -inviidiii^-. St'dit,!!^ lifliTii til tliirly. O'W/',/ uhihiMiis, Willi 
 two (MillatlTill I'didllldlis ovul''^. />/•"/"' .H'lol'osc!, fleshy, ilrstilllio 
 of bloom; tliu ?'"/ imnl mid liony, mostly globoso and ovon. 
 
 Trcos or slinih.s (dricfly of tli.' tmiiHTuti' imrts of Kiiropo iiiid 
 North Amrrifii, foriiiin,';' scvurul natural sections. Leaves serrated, 
 deekluous or suiniiorviroiit. 
 
 § I. Floinrs corymlmo or rhixkral. Lnivcs (held units. True 
 
 CUEKUIKS. 
 
 SOFT-LEAYED CIIERIIY. 
 
 Ckhascs mollis. Foliis oblongis nvalkrc phrisqiw ohln.-i.'i sm-nhills suliins 
 toiiiiiilo.^o-iiubcf!ccntihHs, corymbi'i rdArmo.sis 5 ad G-Jluri'i l<imnifii.--is, 
 bmiiiis culjicimx Muxk rcfexis Inho piihcsiviitc brcrhvlh'i.^, dropa oroiilci. 
 
 Oerasus wioWs.— Dololas, in Hooker, Flor. ]ior. Am., vol. i. p. Wit. 
 ToKKF-Y and Gray, Flor. X. Amor., i. p. 410. 
 
 This species of Clierry, growing twelve to twenty-five fei-t 
 high, is confined to the Oregon Territory, and partienhirly to 
 tlie borders of the Oregon lliver and its tributaries as far 
 104 
 
T 
 
 his 
 
 ll'.i. 
 
 •ct 
 
 far 
 
■ 
 
 
 Cci-Msiis iinillis 
 
 Soft UamI Itltriy Ifmirra /ruiilric mtillf 
 
1 
 
 //-/, 
 
PI . y.ixw . 
 
 
 I'l-r.-iMis lliciriiliii . 
 
 //<//l /fru >ii I /irirr 
 
 /'frij-lir tr f'litf/tfi' '/f llt<il-v 
 
MS 
 
 W; 
 
 l.n 
 sol 
 
 IIH 
 iUl' 
 Sill 
 
 fill' 
 
 fill 
 
 (il 
 
 CO 
 
 dil 
 
 J" 
 
 (I 
 
 Ci 
 
1 1 C) L L Y - h E A V E I) CII E R R Y. 
 
 lijo 
 
 MS its sources. Wo met witli it in thickets on liills, near the 
 Wiihliiiiiet, iii)\vering iibout tlie niontli of -May. The yoimg 
 liranciies are dariv ;ira\- ami sdinewhat ilowiiy. The leaves are 
 sol'tly downy lieneatli, on i-iiurt petioles, oblong, or oljlong-ovate, 
 mostly obtuse, sometimes acute, minutely .serrulate, two to two 
 and a half inches long by about an inch in width; stipules 
 small and deei)ly oiliate, as well as the lirarles. Flowers small 
 and white, the petals rounded and concave. Segments of the 
 calyx ovate, short, and obtn.se. >Stiguni clavate, petioles and 
 calyx tomentose. Fruit ovate, astringent, and uu[)leasant. 
 
 PLATE XLVI. 
 
 A liniitcli (if Ihc nntural s'uc, (ciih ijiimii/ fruil. a. Tin jhurn-. 
 
 Bki) or NoRTiiKiix riiF.UKV. (Ccrdi^iifi Pi'niiKiilrniii'd, Tor., and 
 (Ihav. (\ l)iiriiilix,^hv\i.i\w\ Mich., i\vlva,p. l-")li.) According to 
 Macmin. of West (,'hester, this tree in the Beech woods of Tioga 
 county, IVnnsylvania. attains the height of sixty feet, with a 
 diameter of eii;liteen inches. 
 
 i^ II. F/iDi-rrx ill riKi tii'x. a,ril/(iri/. Ijurix m iiii'i rrin iil <,r 
 jiirsisltiil. — rj.\ri!o-r'i:i!Asis, Tourn.. IX'cand.. Limnl ('In rrhs. 
 
 HOLLY-LEAYED CHERRY. 
 
 CiasAsrs iltcifoua. Fuliis Idln-ornliliiis xuhconlalix hrcri-pclioln/ix spinoxti- 
 f:iiiiiiilii-(l< iii/iti" rilicuhtfi.'i coriaciia i>iti(li--<, niirmis cnrti.'i fuli/.i siilxiyniin- 
 (.■'.. /o ,li-''iiii ii'ijira ovouhn acumiimta. 
 
 Ckm.asis il'ii-:/,,'!:,!. — NvTT., ill Toun. and OitAY, FKira X. Anirr., vol. i. 
 p. 411. IIouK aiul AuxoTT, Bot. ISeccliy, Suppl., p. .'itO, t. 83. 
 
II U LL Y-LK A V V. \> (,' 11 K 1! H Y. 
 
 This is a siiuiU tree of Upjior Ciililoniiii. round Siinta Biirlifini 
 attaining tlio height of twelve to twenty feet, and eiiielly alleel- 
 ing dry and elevated hill-sides -within the mountain range. The 
 hiirk is ura\- and sonicwhat rounh ; the wood is reddisli. touuh, 
 
 d el(ise-L;i 
 
 ■d. Tl 
 
 I'ave^ 
 
 ihieh are ri''id, shinii 
 
 md 
 
 evergrt'cn. looic entindy lii\e those of the Holly; they are hroadly 
 oval, ])ointed, somewhat heart-sha[)ed at tl..; hase, very smooth 
 and shining ahove and elegantly retieuhited, ofti'u undulated, 
 and willi sharp jiungent serratui'es. Tiie raeeuies ol' liowi'rs are 
 ereet, somewhat crowded; the llowers whitt' and small, on short 
 ])etiok's; the petals rounded and short; the calyx hemisplierieal, 
 with short triangular teeth. The stanuuis seated near to the 
 summit of the calyx; the stigma simple and ohtuse. 
 
 This trei". from its remarkahle and elegant api)earance, is well 
 
 wortl 
 tl 
 
 le true 
 
 I cultiv .ting as an ornament, and in its (pialities raid\.s with 
 L; I'els. The fruit is rather hirgc, dark purple, hitter, 
 
 and astringent. 
 
 PLATE XLVII. 
 
 A hnnirk of the ihddral >:l:c. <i. Tl'f i-/arn/. ti. T/ir ttmnr. 
 
 Tiie liAfitKi,, [Pruiiia. Ln II r(h('tr(ixi (■'<,) now so generally ciilti- 
 \ated in Euro[)e, was hrouglit from .\sia Minor. Liicullus, alter 
 con(|ui'ring tiie King of Pontus, with wliom the liomans had 
 warred for forty years, jtmorig his otiier trophies, hrouglit the 
 Cherry from the fields of Cerasonte, and, in transplanting it into 
 Italy, secured a monument of his triumph far more duralilo than 
 that which the senate aiK^. the people decreed him. The Laurel, 
 transplanted at first from Trehizond to Constantinople, had not 
 so brilliant a destiny; an envoy from the Kmperor of German}-, 
 David Ungnad, whose name is i.'",v scarcely known, two iiiindred 
 and sixty-two years ago brought a living plant to Clusiu.s, at 
 ^'il'nlla. The name of LaiinhCi ra-siin was gi\en to it by Belon, 
 
ALMOND CIIEIfFtV. 
 
 167 
 
 ir;l 
 
 •t- 
 
 11! 
 
 ly 
 ii 
 
 I, 
 
 l'(! 
 lit 
 
 wlio had seen it in its iiiitivo cmiiitrj, Iroiu its Iciivi-'S Ijuiiig liivu 
 liiosc of tiic Buy iiml its iVnit similar to clR'niL's. 
 
 Tlic leaves all'ord liy (lisliiiatioii a li(|iior which jirovcs a 
 violent poison to men and animals. Aecjofdiiig to Didiamel, 
 a s])oonl'nl of this water given to a dog killed him instanta- 
 neously. \'arions experiments and aeeiilents tend to eonlirm 
 the fact of the poweil'nlly-poisonous nature of Laurel water. 
 Fontana found that a singU' drop of the essential oil of this 
 plant, ai)plit'd to a wound on a dog, proved ecpially as fatal as the 
 venom of the vii)or, and was attended with the same .synqitoins. 
 
 Tho emanations from the Laurel being, in fact, the diluted 
 but volatile prussie or hydrocyanic acid, are not without their 
 inconveniences; lor, after reposing beneath it.s shade on a warm 
 <lay, a headache and tendency to vomit are said sometimes to 
 occur. Considerable use was formerly made of Laui'el-water i'or 
 the sake of tlie ]5itter Almond llavor which it connuunicales to 
 various articles of the dessert, lint from its dangerous ellects it 
 is now lint little used. 
 
 The ell'ect of this poison is so extremely rapid and violent, 
 attacking the V(M'y seat of vitality, the ner\()ns .system, that no 
 remedies have any lime to opei'ate. In the hand of the skilful 
 physician, however, this volatile poison proves sometimes a 
 powerfid I'euu'dy. 
 
 Ai.MoN'i) cur.iJKV. [Crni/nin CuroVtiiiKii'i. Mu^ii.. Flor.. mA. i. 
 p. 'JS.'). Wild Orange Tree, Mini.. Sylva, vol. ii. pi. S'.l.) Tiiis 
 elegant tree, nearly allied to ('. Iji-siln iii<(i . ■A\\yit.K\v>i to b(! common 
 along the baidcs of the Mississippi from New Orleans to Natchez. 
 It is also indigenous to South Carolina, Florida, and Arkansas. 
 It forms a Hue evergreen tree forty to fifty feet high, iloweiiug 
 in March and April. The leaves, acc(jrding to Elliott, are \-ery 
 ])oisoiK)iis, frequently destroying cattle that are tempted to 
 browse on them early in the spring. It is known to the French 
 
108 
 
 ALMOM) rilKHHY. 
 
 iiilialiitaiits () 
 
 r I. 
 
 lOUlslilUll 
 
 l.v tl 
 
 11' .siiiiie iiiiiiu' lis 
 
 tlic LaiiiL'l of 
 
 EiimiM', Jjiiirl' r-Aiinnii/. 
 
 Till! IVuit ol' this siiccics is a small, black, bittor clifrry, witli 
 vi'iy little pulp fuul a sliull so tliiu as to crack between the 
 
 (infers 
 cii's of 
 teau, 1 
 
 A second {f. On-id, utitli.'^) anil proliably a third 
 
 t. Domiinro, in the collections of I' 
 
 lis section Iroiii 
 
 aine 
 
 hill. 
 
 separ 
 Laii 
 
 thii 
 
 iVagile shell. These seenx to i'orni u 
 ite j;enns from the true Cherries, no less than from the 
 be called Lki'Tocakva, in consideration of the 
 
 In 
 
 id 
 
 rels. and mav ne 
 
 1 am 
 
 1 I'raiiile, merely cartilaginous, shell of the dr 
 
 much more inr.iortant distinc- 
 
 this resjicct the drupe alVor 
 
 tion than that which exists lietweeii rnnni-s and CvnisK.^. 
 

 fin.iaiff lff> 
 
HI . JII.VIII 
 
 I'rimiis Aiuericoiia. 
 
 tfihf riiini 
 
 I'runier ./ .Inifriifue 
 
 \F- 
 
 ^;a' 
 
Sa;i 
 
TLLM TREE. 
 
 Xh'unil (>/■'/' >; II(.is.\cK.E. (-sv/Z/'j/v/m-, Amvckam'.i:, Jiiss.) /.i,i- 
 
 nirmi. ('Itissll'icdlinii^ lidSANDltlA. M()N(i(J VM A. 
 J'liCXrS. (TnrliNKriiKT.) 
 
 ('.if'/.r lll'CCcil;itt'-liriili>lilu'l'i.-;il, the liol'ili^r "i-clv'ft, ili'ridlUJils. I'thils 
 s|piv;iiliiijj. ,S>(iiiniis litU't'ii lo thirty, (inny uhiln'cMi^, willi Iwo 
 i-iill;iti.'l'ill, lii'll(llllollri (ivulos. J)ii'j' nv:itc> nr (i\:il, lli'.-li\ , i;hilirc)US, 
 usiKillv cdVfri'd with a lilciuiji : nut liai.! iiml hnny, moi'o or Ifsn 
 coiiiiiri'ssccl, iieuti-' iiiid i:\'Lii, the inar,;^'ins jjunly LrroovL'il. 
 
 Trees or shriiiis of teiiijierale I'Hiiiiites in the Xdrtiieni hemisphere, 
 with tile leaves serrated, ediivnhite in veriialinii, ((ir lietore exiiai'.sioii.) 
 Tlie tidWeis eailii'r tlian the leaves, witli tlie pcdieels in uinliellaie 
 clusters. 
 
 WILD PLUM. 
 
 I'ui'XfS A.MKltl.'AN'A. Arli"n yriDHj ruipi's .•■■/loirsiriil'lui'^, fnl:;.< ,,i;il,,. 
 tililiinijis Vt'l (thin'ill''.< itt'ipilt <i t'l'iitl^ iii'iinmiiilh^ fntyi rii/ti'ifts, s't/i/f/.^ t'lift- 
 ^is iliii'iltll lllilhii.1, pil'tili-- silli-l'i'/l'li"l'l^'i''-^, 'lil'liillis fiissiHliKs jKli/ri- 
 
 1'. A,\n:i!ieA.\A, — .M.Misii M.r,, Arhii^l.. p. 111. I»\i;i.i\iire\. Flora Ce-t., 
 
 p. 'IX', mid ill ,\lllial. JjyeeUlM. X. ^'clli,, \nl. iii. p. S7, I. 1. T'lli- 
 
 ui;v and (Ikav, l''lcir. X. Aiiier., vol. i. \\. Id". 
 r. xiciiA.— Aitmn, Kuw., (ed. 1.) Viil. ii. \\. lii."i. It.il. Mair-, I. MIT. 
 
 I'l Ksll, l-'liir. Aim., vol. i. \i. -V-W. Wll.l.n.. Sp. [.1., vol. iv. p. Wo. 
 v. iiii:mai,is. — Mi.i.iurr. tSk.. voh i. p. ^Al. 
 
 IV. — 11- 
 
 lO'.t 
 
170 
 
 WILD I'LC.M. 
 
 CkUASI'H NliillA, (L'li.^il.) — SlMilXiiK, ill ll|;c.\Mi.. I'|-ii(l., \m1. ii. \\. '\'\H. 
 
 HixiK., Flop. I!or. Am., vol. i. p. 1(>7. 
 
 Fi:\\' jilants in North Aiiicriru li;i\i" a luorc cxti'iisivc raiif^o 
 IIkiii this s[)Ocii's of rimn: it i> met with IVoiii tlii' S;'.skiit('hil- 
 \v;m toward IhidsoirH Day, and throiiyli all the iiitcniu'diatc 
 cotiiitiy to (u'orgia, Loiii.-^iaiia, and Tcxa.s. In tho wi'stcni jiart 
 111' tiic .'^tato of New York it i« \t ry coiiinioii. and. in soinci 
 instances, (as it appcari'd to nic in 1^)0,) it h,! ' i'; ;i t'ldtivatcd 
 iiy the ahoriiiincs around their dweliin;;s in tho suiiie nianner aw 
 the Chickasaw Piinii. Wiieii truly wild, it .sceni.s to allbct tho 
 hanks of streams and rich hoitoin-hiiuls. In Now Jersey, near 
 Franklin Furnace, (.'^ussex county.) I liave ohserveil tri'es tweiuy 
 to thirty feet hiiih. and witii trunks from si.x to fourteen inches 
 in diameter. Tlie ordinary heiphf. Imnevor. i.s from fd'teeii to 
 twenty I'cet. The wood is hard and of a I'eddish cohjr, like that 
 of tlie Wild Cherry, (f'niinis .■., i-<i/!ii<i.} The fruit, -vlien mature, 
 whicii is in the iiiontii of Anjiust. is from half an inch to an 
 iiicli in dianietei'. in some instances almost wholly \cllnw. hut 
 comiiioidy vermilion-red on one side, wholly red. or a mixture 
 of iiotii colors, and in all tlie varieties covered nioi-e or less with 
 a ver_\' evident hlooiii. Wlieu ri])e. it contains : verv' sweet, 
 thill iMiiii. with the disadvanta:;e however i4 havin.L;' a thick, 
 liitterish. acerh >kiii; hut hy cultivation it is eoiiKick'raiily ini- 
 pidved, and the fruit is sdmelimes. us Dr. Darlinnton remarks, 
 as lariio as a common aiiricot In rppei' Canada, where it was 
 formerly eultivaied. I ha\'e seen as iiiany as twelve distinct 
 \ariities ill t!ie same orciiard. It is also free frmn thi' attacks 
 111" the insi'cts which have proved -i fatal io nearly all the 
 cultivated IMums. 
 
 The stem sjireads out inti) a roundish head, \\ith many riiiid 
 ■Mt4 sonx'whai thorny liranches. The leaves ne ohli.iiii-ovate 
 •M\4 .«inetim4-s ohuvato. almost alwii\s narrowed lii"l<«n. witiii a 
 
 (lis 
 vol 
 sm 
 so< 
 or 
 
WILD PL CM. 
 
 171 
 
 (lir-tiiu't abnipt point nv aciiiiiiiiiitiuii, sliarjily fori'aU'il. stiinuly 
 M'incd, Mini uunv. or k-ss piihi'scciit Ijcnciitli. The ])c(li('i'ls arc 
 siiioolli, two to five togctliL'i", in clusters. Calyx piihcsccnt. the 
 scgniciits liuice-liiiear, serrulated at the apex; the petals u\al 
 or obovate, and roimdcd. 
 
 Pr-ATE XIA'TIT. 
 
 A hfiinrh of l]ir V'lliir'il ■<rj in fi'iH. n. A rhi-t, r <if lluii; 
 
CllAJJ APrLE. 
 
 Xdtunil Ofi/i r, ]!us\ci;.K, [xiilinrilir, I'oMK.i:, .Tiiss.) IJinniiin. 
 
 Cln'<x]jliilt'liiii, IcnSANIllMA, PkNTAC V.MA. 
 
 I'Vin'S. (Lixx.) 
 
 r'(('/./'-fiilM' iirr(><il:it<', iiclnatc to llic llrsliy oviiry, IVcuii wliicli it is 
 iiiscii;iriiliic, \vil1i tlio lidi'di'i' ri-luhiMl. ]\Ui}.< live, roiniiii>li, 
 coiicuvo, on shdi't flaws. N///A.N usually (ivt! (ir Irss, distinct or 
 conjoinoil at the base. P'ihh- (nr .'ijiplo) tlc.-liy, ddscd, intiTiially 
 .O-ccUi'd, tlio (H'lls cui'lilaginous and ■2-sccdc'd. The seeds with ii 
 eharfaceous eoat. 
 
 Trees or slirul)s (in tlie ]ircseiit sei:tion) witli entire ni' pahnately- 
 hihed, serrated leaves. Viewers in terminal llattish clusters or 
 ooryinh.s. Fruit odihle when not too acerli or astrinjj;cnt. 
 
 RIVER CRAB ARPLE. 
 
 rVRUS EIVILAItlS. F,7/(,9 imHii •-.•iilis iiidirisis Jiliiidriliii-i trihihiilis ixfi.yin 
 iirip'ir f'-irri'li" ~»»i/«.< /••iMt-s/*;.'//)//^, .v/////n (•■>-4) liiisi I'mili/i's i/liiliri.-; 
 I'r'irlilius /'■ rimrris ^-i^fhinisisi •'ij, iii)i.hilii'<il><, lulii.^ culji-iids (Iciiikiii. 
 
 l/ir/illlis. 
 
 PyiiL'S riVw/rtJX- — ^i'«yiAS, in Ihn k. Flor. I!oi. Am.. \iil. i. p. 3(i:!, 1. Cs. 
 ToKiiKV uiiii] iJai \Y, Flor. N. Am., voh i. i>. 4T1. 
 
 ]'yiu::i '//Vct^/'mW. — ^E^iNUAitn, Vciret. Sitka., 1. c. [i. l-'i:!. 
 
 Tiii> olopsint species ol' l'yrn> in ooiimiikH throngliont all tlie 
 
 liiwt'i or niiritiii.e |iorti(in <ii ihi' < )ri"j"' Ti-rritory. ami it iiiii- 
 17J 
 
i 
 
 -n 
 
 ^ 
 
 \ 
 
 Sirtr/atrit 
 
PI jn.L\ . 
 
 vi-n.s r-iMil HIS. 
 
 A'tv»r ('ni/' 
 
 it'iritr ftiiiAmr 
 
T; I VK !! (' I! A P. A I' 
 
 \. i;. 
 
 1- 
 
 Innnly iilTccts the slnidf of rirli, iillii\-i;il forests ncfir tlic Irssrr 
 .strciuiis iiiiil piJiids. It la'comcs a ticc ahoiit tlic size ol' the 
 Siljcriiin Criili, to wliicli it lias i\ closi' aH'mity, nml grows IVoiii 
 firtccri to twciitj-fivo fl'ct ill licii:lit. |ii'o(iiiciiig a Imnl wood, 
 capalilc III' receiving a liigli polisii, and is eiiiployinl ly tiie 
 natives lor iiialxiiig wedges. 'I'lie fruit grows in clnsters. and is 
 i<iiiall and iiiirple, scarcely tlic size of a cherry, of an agieealile 
 llavor. like that of sonic of our Maws: it has nothing of the 
 aceriiity or acidity of the ('oiiiinoii (.'rah, Imt is sweetish and 
 subacid wlieii ripe, 'i'iie natives near tlie .•~ea employ it, as they 
 do many more berries of the country, for food, being all too 
 indolent to cultivate the earth for any pnrpo.se whatever. 
 
 It extends, in all prijbability, from Tpper California to the 
 Kiissian possessions in the Xortli, as far as latitude ")7°. Men- 
 zies appears to have been its lirst discoverer, on what was then 
 vagiudy termed the northwest coast. 
 
 ■ The leaves, which iippear with the llowers, are ovate, obtuse 
 or acute, entire, and more or le.ss serrated, pubescent beneath, 
 villous in the bud. at li'iigth nearly smooth; the lafer-[ir(jdiice(l 
 leaves are more or less incisidy lobed, sometimes distinctly 
 tliree-lobed, tlu^ niiddk' lobe incise and sliari>ly serrate<l. The 
 llowers conspicuous, wliit(> or tinged with red, in terminal 
 corymbs, with the cal^x and [leduncles villous, or tomeiito.se, 
 at other times with the exterior of the calyx smooth. The 
 petals oval, 'i'lie germ is pear-shaped, with three or four styles. 
 Apples very small, dark pur[ile, almost black when ripe, and 
 somewhat translucent, globose-ovoid, scarcely tiinbilicate at 
 base, and with the summit naked, the calyx, as in the Siberian 
 Crab, being deciduous. Seeds like those of the a[i[)le. and two 
 in :i cell, as usual. 
 
 I think it probable that the plants with ''smooth pedicels 
 and with the calyx externally smooth" ought to constitute a 
 distinct variety, which may be termed I'l/i'iCi rlnilurix ,3 Icrij)/.:. 
 In these the jiedicels are also ;:lanilular. 
 
17} 
 
 NA I! r.(>W-],K A VK D ( I! A I! A I' 
 
 !■;. 
 
 Wliilt tllis Jililllt IllM}' liccoiiic li_v (•illli\;itinii I'liiiiidt yet he 
 (Ictci'iiiiiK'd. Till' iSihci'ian Cnili, (now so (iriiaiiiciitnl ami ficiu'- 
 rally culliviiti'd.) wliii'li also aH'ccts the alliuial hdidcis cil" 
 .streams uiid rivers nmiid Luke HaiUal, ami in Daouria, aeeord- 
 in,L' to Pallas, in its native soil oidy attains tlie Iieiuht of tlirei- 
 or fonr leet. ^'itli a trunk aliout as thick as a man's arm, and 
 lull (iT toituoiis liranches. Tlie berries, also, in {'alias's liirui'e, 
 (Flora Kossiea, vol. i.'tali. 1(1,) are not so larjic as ordinai'y 
 jH'as, and jiyril'orm or attenuate at the basi' like a pear. All 
 this ti'ihe of i)lants, so eminently sorvioeable both for (jrnament 
 and use, deserve cultivation in a ])re-eniinent degree; and the 
 present si)ecies has also the aiKiuUauc of l)ein,u' perfectly hardy 
 in all tem[ierate and even cold climatt's, as it .stretches along 
 the coast nearly to the vicinity of Eastern .Siberia. 
 
 All the plants of this section of P/jrii-s are nali\cs of Tem- 
 pertiti^ Kurupe ami Xurthern Asia.. 
 
 I'LATE XLI.X. 
 
 A branch of the wtliirnl si:^. n. Thr ap/ilr. 
 
 Nakkow-Lk.wkd CuAii Ai'I'm:, {I'l/ms tnii/iixtl/n/id, Aiton-.) 
 This appears to he scarcely more than a variety of the I'l/ni.i 
 '■(iroimrid ; distinjiuishable, indeed, by its narrower leaves, 
 usuiilly entire, which are often acute lielow ; but. ,is the styles 
 are neither perfectly distinct nor constantly glabrous, and that 
 the 3oung leaves are also pubescent, no suflicient distini'tion 
 remains. The fruit is likewise wholly similar. 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
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 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
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 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 # 
 
 >^ 
 
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 i ^1 
 
I'vi'us /ViiierurmiH . 
 
 Amrnmn Mouxtnin .hh Xorhirr ,/' Jnie'rii/iif. 
 
M U N T A I N A S II. 
 
 >; 111. Li'ins imiiiiili (</• ji'i innllijiil ; .'.///As tin, In jiri, i/i.-<liii(/ , 
 
 ,//,,/„ 
 
 M (//■ Inrliiiiiili 
 
 l>"h".l 
 
 -.'^(>i!i;is. I, 
 
 mil. 
 
 AMKIJK^VX MOUNTAIN ASIT. 
 
 I'VUIS AmkKH .\N.\. /'./;/.v i,:i,liiit'i< i/hiliri--, fiillul.'s iil,lui„;ii.l,iil''iul,ii;.t 
 
 tlf'iinontits //M7.^'o-.y( /■/''///.<, .<■(■/'/•<//'// 
 
 hi<-iii-iii'if I'll/Kill.' 
 
 -.'/"' 
 
 •nntli'i'^ihs 
 
 iiliijliii-!s, f,-)(ri:iiiis i/luljn.ti.i. — l)i;c\xi)., I'roil., viil. ii. ji. i;:!7. Ti 
 
 iiKV ami (iit.AY, Fliii'. X. Am., vul. i. |). i~-2. 
 
 iiiiir.-: A.Mi:iiii AN \. — Wii.i.ii., V 
 
 niiiii., vdl. I, 
 
 p. 'd*K I'l ii.<ii, 
 
 !'■ 
 
 ;!41. 
 
 Al iTI'AKIA. — .'i .Mirll., Flor. I 
 
 )or. .All!., Vol. I. 
 
 '.M). 
 
 TiiK MdWiitaiM Asli. (ir Kowaii Tire, of Xoitli Aiiu'rica. !,■< 
 iiift with ^parinjily in sliady. moist wiiod.-^ in moimlaiiKiu.-^ situa- 
 tions, from l/alirailoi- ami even (ircciiliml. tliroii-lioiil llu' New 
 Kniiiaiid Stales. New York, l'(imsvi\ aiii.i ; ami tiic \aiii't\ mi- 
 r,-iH,ir/i'i. willi sinailiT liiTrics. cxti'iids to tiic iii,L!ii iiioimtiuiis 
 of \ iririiiia and Xortli Carol 
 
 ma. 
 
 It forms a .small tivc of .i:ii'at l)cuit\, rcmaikalilc lor it.s 
 d(".^aiit fcatli(Mcil foliajic, in .Mav and .liiiu' clad with its white 
 
 and fraiirant hlossoms. and to the close of the year, even into 
 winter, decorated with its lai'LH' dusters of liiiuhl herries. wliieh 
 allord a favorite repast l()r thrnshe.s ai. I other frugivorons hirds. 
 on their animal round to more genial climates, or during thi'ir 
 liihurmil residcKce : — 
 
 " SMii^uini'i-i|iii- iiiriilt.i nilic'iit ;ui;iii:i liMici-." — \'lliiii|,. 
 
 Tbu K 
 
 nnipean s[iecies, which ilillors voiy little Imm the pre 
 
 th 
 
170 
 
 A .M i: i: 1 (■ A N MoINTAlN ASH. 
 
 sent, liccoiiics, ill the Nnrtli III' Kiij^Imiil, S'litliiml, iiml \\';il(s. 
 ■A Iri'i' (it t'liii-^idrnilili' t-'i/A'. SI) lis in'rasinnnUv In lie siiwii iiiln 
 jiliiiiks mill liiiiinls. it iitliiiiis tin- lii'i,i:lil nl' Iwriitv -(l\i' to 
 lliii'lv H'ct, witli a liiaiiictiT of twn fcft ; ami a tiiT in Scnllaini, 
 ill Furfarsliiro, at Old .Mmitrnsi', sixty-livi' vcais njil. is (ITlv frrt 
 liijili. willi ii (liaiiK'ttT of two I'fct tell iiiclii'S. Tlir wooil is said 
 to III' hard and diiralilr. lit liir I'conoiiiii'al |iiii'|iiisi's. siicli as 
 niiil-work. sfiTws liu- prfssrs. s|iiikrs for wlifids, ^^c. In aiwiiMit 
 liiiirs it was also cstocnird Hn- hows nrxt In tin' Vcw. Tiic 
 hi'irii's. dried and rcdiict'd to [lowdcr. have csfii Iktii iiiade into 
 hrcad ; and an ardent spirit may he distilled IVoiii liieni of a line 
 lla\or. hilt ill small i|naiitily. 'I'liiiiii:li atid and somewhat 
 asdimjeiit, they are iieeniinled wholesome, and. in (lie IliLili- 
 lands of Scotland, an- often eaten when perfeelly ripe; in the 
 eold and sterile eliniate of Kamtsehatka. aeeordiiiL' to (Iinelin, 
 tliey are used for the same purposes. 
 
 'I'liis tree was formerly iield saered. and in the .North of Mnu- 
 laiid it is ealleil the Witi h-ila/el. In Wales, it was formerly 
 planted in the ehnreli^ard as eomminily as tiie Yew. and, on a 
 certain day of the year, everyhody reli^iioiisly wore a cross mado 
 of the wood, as a oharin against fascinations and e\il spirits I 
 
 The .Vinerican s[iecies scarcely forms so larm' a tree as tiiat 
 of Knrope, attaining only the height of lli'teeii to twenty feet. 
 and the leaves are vt'i'y smooth, exet'iit hef u'e their complete 
 ex[)ansion ; the leallets are alioiil from thirleeii to fifteen, oh- 
 long-lanceolate, acuminated, with sliar]i and .1. .'p nnicronate 
 seriatnres. The cymes or liower-cliisters are large and com- 
 pound, and the fruit, like that ui' tiie Miiropean species, is of a 
 hriglit light scarlet. Tiie herries of the variety luli iiKiir/m are 
 also of the same color, hut smaller. Thi' seeds, (wo in a cell, 
 apiiear to have the same cartilaginous coat as in the apple. 
 
 i'h.VTl'; L. 
 A lii'tiiirli iif tlif iiiiini-'il Size. II. A rliisl, r iij'jliiircfs. I,. A Jlnin r inhiriji il. 
 
C E n C O C A 11 V u s/ 
 
 (111 Mil., Im'M-.., :iim1 Iu nth.) 
 
 n<nn, ('hissijhnlh.,,. IcnSANOKIA. MdNOdVNlA. 
 
 Ti'Ih. oftlu. o.l.ix cvlitHlri.'Ml, .■loiiirntr.l, tliv lowor i^irt j.-.i-l.triit, tin' 
 ,,„,,lvr l,..n,i.i.lHMM.al, T.-lohcl, .K.ri.luo.H. 7'./.'/. .umu-. Si..n,.. 
 ,„„.v. <.ulr.l ..n Ih- iM-nKT of tlK. ...Ivx. Or,,,./ .ohtMry; ./y.' 
 ,„,.„;„„,. ,i,i,;,,,n. MM,1 vilh.MH. Arl.V.n. n.m.w. .■,.n.r..,ms, .■.,.- 
 .h,1.'. with tli.' loti- iHTMst..nt una iMilai-in.u' I'lmno..^ style. Nh. 
 liiicaf. 
 
 ShrnlH or sntnll troos ;vitl, alternat,. strai^ht-v.',-.,!. .oria us, 
 
 svn-at. or ontiiv Irav.s on slioft ,.-tinl,.s. Stipules snu.ll, a,hu,tr to 
 „,„ 1,,.. .,f the petiole. Flowers Mnall, white, axillary or tenn,nutu,g 
 short braiR'hlets, mostly elustere.l. 
 
 * 'n.o nan,,, aeriv-.l fr.m ..,..., a tuih a„d .a,....;, u fruit, in rclVnn.. tu .I,o 
 iliann-tir 111' lliL' tVuii. 
 
 v.. I.. IV. -I'.; 
 
 177 
 
FEATIIKll BUSH. 
 
 ('KM'OcMM'rs i,i:iiU'iii,irs. h'nliix rrihi-i.i jk lu Dixatlilnix I'liifnJutis inlif/ris 
 (liiuiiiii (iU(brix xiil/his liiiiiiiild.iis iiiiifi/iiic ririiliili.s ; Jlarihua m .<>''//'//'/< 
 pilHi-'iK j\ir,-irilliil(.i ; i-iiiiilil riu'iiilnfuiti iiiiiiiisuiniiii IdrlilOSiiiii, — N i'l'TAI.I., 
 
 in 'I'l'iatDY and (iiiAV, FKn'., Ami., i. p. 1'J7. IliM)i<i:it, Ic, pi., inli. ;;:^ t, 
 (inuil.) 
 
 \\i: lii>l uli^crxcil this curious siiimU ti-ci' in llic Itnckv .Mnmi- 
 t;iiii niiiLTi'. on llic lol'tv liills of IScar l!i\<'i' of 'riiii|i:ino;ios. nnir 
 till' ('('IchratiMl ••JJccr Sprin^is." wliii'h iilMninii with ciulpoiiii' acid. 
 We saw it aftcrwaid in the icntral cliiiiii. on cither side 'i'lionilK'r^''i< 
 IJavinc. toward thi' suniniits of tlic hiiilicst ridiics, to whii'Ii. hy 
 its cndiiiiiiL; and dari\ \(rdiu'c. it coiitiilnitcd to ;;ivc ii wild and 
 .iiiooiny r(>l)inj:. contrasted liy the Lilitterini.; white of the iin|ieiid- 
 inir elills of ■iMi'iss near which it i:iew. -'r the suniniits of tin- 
 IJci'T S|)riiiL!' hills it lonned "\teiisi\c thickets, each tree spi'ead- 
 in^'' out many liraiiclies at a few feet IVoiii the jiToiind w ith coii- 
 sidcrahlc rcLinlarity. almost in the niaiiiier of a I'eacli Tree. TIm' 
 stem was in some trees alioiit ii foot in diameter. an<l the Lrreatest 
 heii;lit of tiie i>lant did not excei'd fifti'cii i\'v\. It iiad much iiie 
 appeai'aiice of a stunted Olive Tree, and was Iiitteri>h to the taste. 
 
 The \voo(l is hard, toiij^h, whiti>Ii, and very close-iiraincd. 
 soini'wiiat rescmliliiiL' thai of the Itirch. It a|i|iearcd to he of 
 slow lirowth and scniiierx ireiit , the hark smooth andwhiti>ii, 
 the hnuiclilets full of circular cicatrices, and the leaves clustereil 
 at tlie I'xtreinities of tlio twi;.'s. The leaves are at lenj:th nearly 
 smooth, at lirst hairy, with a short puliescence. heneath always 
 softly \illoiis. with lirownish curled iiairs; their lc)rm is lanceo- 
 late, uhout one ami a iiiiaiter inches lonii' .nid three or four lines 
 wiile, flic iMirder entire and I'evolute; hi'iieath the liair.s on the 
 under side we see the usual strai;:ht nerves. The older leaves 
 
 and other parts of thi' plant e.xude in small (piaiitities an aro- 
 178 
 
■I I.I 
 
 CcM'CiH'jtrpiis l<'(lil"olius 
 
 Fr>ilhrr hiilh 
 
 Hiiisno't (I jtlninr.t 
 
Ill: 
 l-.i 
 till 
 \\\ 
 1)1' 
 tin 
 ,,li 
 
 .V 
 
 n\i 
 
 nil 
 U\: 
 \\f 
 
 is 
 
 1'" 
 
r i; A T II i; i{ lusii. 
 
 17:» 
 
 liMlic II -ill. Iliuiliu tlic .'^cciit III" tliat luiiiid (111 Sdinc H|ircics (if 
 I'lirdi, (nr /ihild.) 'I'lii' lluwci's arc ."iiiiill iiml wliitr, |i|(h1iiiti1 nt 
 tlic cxlrfiniiics of tilt' t\\i;^.-<. iiiiij ar<' siicccc IimI Iiv the fiiiil. 
 wliicli foniis one of tin- iiidst niiiaikaliU' am' 'iiijrnlar cliaracti'is 
 <>r till- p'liii.-'; tlit'si' liavc a ^'h•Mll;f rofiiililiiii'C to tiic mtiIs of 
 llic (<i'i'aiiiiiiii, t'ai'li Miiall cvliinlric i'ar|H'i sciidinjr iiiit a loiijr, 
 |iluiin)sc, iDrliions tail, iicaily tv\o iii' '■ < in lcii.:lli. cir.i icil witli 
 yt'llti\visii-\vliit(> silky liairs, wliicli. a|'|H'arinjjr -iiiiiiltaiicnu^ly all 
 • iMT llic lnisli, ijivi' it I must rciiiarkaldc and um'oiniiiDii a|i|i(Mr- 
 aiifc. It scciikmI to incrcr puor dry snils, and would U'ar the cli- 
 iiiatc of Kiiro|i(' or the iiorllii'i'ii parts of flic riiilcd Slates very 
 will, ri'iiiii till' al|iiiii' situations in wliirli wr iinilin'iiily saw it it 
 is soiiirw lia* astriiiiivnl to IIr' ta>tr, and ajiircalily iliou^li not 
 |io\vi'ilully aromatic. 
 
 I'l.ATK 1,1. 
 
 A l<i;i„ih >,f tlir i„il'i,-iil s',:,', Ifilli :i.<Jni:t. II. Th,jluii;v. //. I'lu l',;t:i. 
 
WEST INDIA DOGWOOD. 
 
 Xiihinil Ordi i\ \A.V.V\\\Siy>.V.. IJiiiKidii riii.-isijiciiliiiii. DlA- 
 
 DKI.I'IIIA, DwANimiA. 
 
 I'lSClDr.V.^' (LiXN.) 
 
 Ciil'lj' caiiipimulato, .""i-tootlicil. Ciirnlhi pn]iili(>n:i<'coii-i. with llic keel 
 (ilitusc. ,S7./, //,/(.<•• iniinaili'lpliiiiis, witli tlio triitli iVri' at thi' l>aso. 
 Si'/li; tililorin, i-lalinuis. Luikihc iicduH'llati'il, linear, with t'dur 
 liroad loiiiritiidiiial wiiii:;.-<, tho scuds s(>iianitod hy iMterriiplidiis in 
 the pii(L Tin; .«r((/x oval and ('OiiipR'ssi'd, witli a latoral liyinni ; 
 cmliryo cnrvi'd ; cotyUMlons tliick and cjliiitic: llic radiilc iii- 
 tli'i'tc'd. — Wost India trocs, willi dociiiuoii?;, nni'(|nally-iiinnatrd 
 loaves, prodiRcd after the dcvelopiueiit of the tlowers. 
 
 JAMAICA DOCaVOOI). 
 
 I'l.-l'tl>I,\ iMiVTIIlilNA. Ju,liiili.-: nrntis^ h JH minis sHiiilc l-aiji'C lililllil liill- 
 
 ifmrc, 'ili" iiilirviijitis. 
 I'l-riniA Ih-i/lliriiKi. — LiXN., Sp. ]il. Jacq., 7\nier., p. 200. Swaistz, 
 
 Ohs., p. :i77. Maci'adyen, Flora of .lamaiea, vol. i. p. -'iX. 
 Irlil/ii/iitnitlii't fdliis jtiiDioli.; (irnlis, ri('-i inis hrminnlilitis, .^iliijiiis fjiiiidn- 
 
 (thiiis. — liiiuWNi:, Jamaica, \\. i'.M). 
 Ciind arlior ]i"{ifl'i/^^"- ii'Hl ."/"';">'/, fru.riii! fulin, t-iliiiiiii uli.'i fniiin'ris 
 
 r.r'<liitililiii-< rulif mail lidiiiiirid' jliiriiilili.< unilit. — Si.oAM", Jam., vol. ii. 
 
 p. :52, tall. ITfl, lij,'s. 4, '). JiAMAiicK, Illnsl., tali. (In,-,, lijr. A. 
 JWiiild-inwiii, sllliiui.<i nlalix. — I'm'.mikr, lenii., '22!l, tah. 2:)3, fijtf. 2. 
 
 * Tlic iiiinif t'niiii jiis, h, n flsli, in ;illii>iciii tci il.s friipliiyiiicnt iiw ii ti.'^li-lmi-iiii 
 

i*isrii|i.t ri'vlliiMiii 
 
 i.llll'H" /'.'./».'.'./ 
 
 fi,i.-.tninl <h '•' liiiiiiiitffi,- 
 
'0 
 
 ^1 
 
 re 
 
 tv 
 
 I'.i 
 
 fit 
 
 si 
 ll 
 
 01 
 
 ii 
 
 IT 
 
 V 
 
JAMAICA DOC wool). 181 
 
 Till- Jitiiiiiicii Dogwood is ii nativo of tin; Antilk's as well as 
 of the iR'iuiilioriii-,' coiitiiieiit of America, having heeii ol)serveil 
 hv limiiholdt anil Hoiiidaiul in the niouutaiiious places in New- 
 Spain, between Acai.uleo and Ma/.atlan. and we have now to 
 reeord it as a native of Key Wi'st, in Kast Florida, where it was 
 eolleeted hy Dr. ]51odgett. it heeonies a, tree of al>out twenty to 
 twenlv-tive U^i in height, not reiiiarkal>le for the elegance of its 
 form, the branches being straggling, l)nt yet heantiful in the 
 season of tiowering, which i- abont April, when, with blo.ssoni.s 
 similar to our favorite Wiiite Lounst, {llulnnhi imnthMuarla.) 
 the whole snnnnit of the tree is profnseiy h)aded; they eome 
 (.lit some time bclbre the leaves, in ninuerous panicles or spread- 
 in- cln>ters. of a Nviiitish color, mixed with purple; the npper- 
 niost petal or \e.\illnm in the centre tinged with green. The 
 vexillnm, externally, as well as the calyx, is covered with a 
 silky pubescence. The h'aves are uneipially pinnate, with 
 about live leaflets, which are either bmad-ovaie or obovate, an.l 
 slightly acuminate, entire, and beneath, as well as the foot- 
 stalk, more or less pube.-^cent, particularly when young. The 
 poll is large, stipitate, and villous, with four liroad undulated 
 longitudinal wings. 
 
 In Jamaica, this is esteemed one of the best timber trees in 
 the island; the wood is heavy, hard, and resinous, oar.se, cross- 
 grained, and of a light brown color; it is very dm'able either in 
 or out of water. It nndu's excellent piles for wharves; and the 
 .■stakes ,M.(m form, in the tropical countvies it inhabits, a good 
 live fence. The bark of the trunk is very astringent: it cures 
 the niauLLC in dogs, and would probably answer well for the tan- 
 ning of leather: it is best known, however, for its eflects as a 
 iish-poison, for which purpose it is ])ounded and mixed with the 
 water in some deep part of a river or creek, when the water 
 soon aciiuires a reddish siiadc, and in a few minutes the iish 
 begin to rise to the surface, where they float, as if they were 
 dead; the larger ones, however, recover, but the smaller fry are 
 
1S2 JAMAICA DOC woo I). 
 
 dostn.yrd. Tlio tincture of tlio biirk, indcMl, is loun.l to be nil 
 intoiiso narcotic, and has been employed benelieiaily to relieve 
 tlie pain prodiKvd \,y carious teeth. Jacjuin observes that tliis 
 quality of inloxicatin- fish is found in many othi'r Anu'rican 
 ]ilants. 7>pfu-n.-.;,i (,,.nnirh, of South America and T. plsndnria 
 of India and the Soutli Sea Islands, both plants of the same 
 family uitli the present, likewise possess tlie faculty of intoxi- 
 cating fish. 
 
 I'L.VTK ur. 
 
 A liniiirh «/ the luditnil ../.-c. ,i. Tin- jloims- <ni</ i/.,iim/ /■ ■,/.■,■. /,. TIr 
 
 muir, pi ij'i rt j„,(l. 
 
4 
 
 t 
 
I'l Mil 
 
 Vi'iiciii l:ilitiil(i|ii:4 
 Hriiiiil podded . '/caa'ii • fi<i't<i •' I'lryr si/it/ur 
 
X'<i 
 
 Fl. 
 
 'I 
 or ' 
 am 
 wpc 
 
 1'"' 
 v.'l 
 
ACA( lA.* 
 
 (Xeckiik, \Vii.i,ii.) 
 
 X„hn:,l Onlir. Li;firMiN(is.K. Lhunnm ('l.t^.sijln,ti„„, I'l'iA- 
 
 (;AMIA, Md.MKClA. 
 
 Flowers roi.YdAMdUs, prifivt an.l t^tainiiiilViv.ii:^.— r.'/.v.': 1 to ,.- 
 t.M.tli.a. /',^'/.< I'clll-to live, (lislili.'t.oi-UhitiMl iiit()iiln(.lio|M'tiil..ils, 
 4 to 5-clft'l .•..nillu. ShiuHi,.^; iVoiu cidit or t.'U to two lnni4iv,l. 
 f.,,/.,w,- witl.oiit iiiinnii.fums hrtwcvn the .-onU, dry, (will, out 
 jiiilji.) aiiil 1-viilviil. 
 
 Tlioso arc trcosaMil .slirubs prin.ipally of warm or luil.l tliiuatis, whli 
 or witl.o.it slii>ulur or .cattcrr,! stilus. 'I'hc kavcs are usually siuall 
 au.l variously iminat.'.l: soMi..funcs (parliruhuly ii. Hi- N-w iiolhn.d 
 siRvic.-) 111.' tnu. Iravcs \u thr aaull M-r al.oilivr, ;nul llu- siniplo l-aly 
 ,„.tiolcs, called i.liyllo.lcs, aloMc suitb' tl>cir place. Flowers oli.u 
 yllow, more rarely white or red, disposed in si^heric' ' -ads or in 
 sjiiki's. 
 
 BROAD-rODDEI) ACACIA. 
 
 Acacia i.ATisii.i.;tA. //,cn»;.v ///"/>/•-', /-/mmV ■,-J>':i:<, /-/"'''> 1 <>- 1. ">:/•";/'■>• 
 , //;y,/;.-/,s ul>li(.--is, ."tipnlif hiwUifoniulMS iliwldl'ili^-n.ril'ili--', r'ifl"l'< 
 pnlm^.-iihitis an/im/'ifii in pwu'iilani (miiirnhm w//»/;.v;)...s;/;.s InrnnUn- 
 l,mf],' si:i,:i.it", phiio, iiU-rnqm- ,/-v(/-/.— Dkcand., I'rod., vol. ii. p. -tCT. 
 
 A.-A(''IA LATisiMciCA. Im:n„-,s f'li!^ /.>////-"/-• parlMihi'.i qiiwr'J":/'-'^ 
 rami.^ f.ruosis, gcwmis fjluhosi.^.—Lia^., ^p. I'l- Vv.n^oos, Rynops.. 
 
 * Am ;incicnt Civk name, from ,i^.>:n,, to /."/»/, or .«/Hir;r«, many "f t'"'' ''V 
 c!.;s liein- tliurny. ^^^ 
 
I^l 
 
 II |[ () A D- I'o |» H i: li A (' A I' I A. 
 
 vol. ii. |i. -J";'!. W'li.i.ii.. Sji., vol. iv. |i. 10117. .\1 u i adui.n, Klur. 
 .liiiii.. viij. i. \i. ;lix. 
 
 JiVrnI 1,1.11 yj,:,n,.<,l, siliq'l'.s I'lfi.- ,'„»l/<;V»/.v, //-/V -'Mm. — I'l.r M 1 Dll. ( Kll. 
 
 r.iiriii.,) f. 'i. 
 
 'I'liis siH'c'u'S. like iiKiiiydtli.Ts of tlic frciuiH, rciiiaiUal.l.' \<y its 
 li-lil, \vilvillL^ rcMtlici-likc lnli;i;rc. is, airoriiinji to Dr. lUnd-ctt, 
 riirc lit Kcv Wr.-t. wliciv it l.ccoiiH'.s a very lar-c and .spn-atling 
 
 tivr. Ildwcriii,- in the nmntii ul' .May. It is als lativc of tiic 
 
 ^\'^•^t Indies and llir warmer parts dl' tlie nei;jhl«>rin,u ecinlinent, 
 vlicre it was I'.Minil iy I'hnnicr and Anlilet. Accoidin;;,' to 
 Mad'ailyen. it i> a enltivated plant in .laniaii'a. It hears a jiivat 
 re.-enililance In tile .Vcaeia Tenured \>y Cate^hy, tali. I"-', wliirh is 
 ipiuted as .1. <iliiiii;i. thoii-li liy no means the same plant as 
 Plate :;r, (.1' 'i rew. wliirh hitler is the species most commoiily 
 t'iilli\ated under that name. 
 
 The wood ol' this Acaeia is said to he white, hard, and ehwe- 
 ^n-ained. The trunk, as de-erihed hy Cateshy. attains a diameter 
 of three li'ct. and is aeeonited an exeidlent wood, next to the 
 maho.iiany olMaiiiaiea. and is tin' hest to he i'oiind in the Uahanui 
 Islands. Kor enrioiis cahinet-work it excels mahoj^any in its 
 variahle shininji tints, which ajipear like watered satin. Several 
 spe<'ies of the iicnns alllird very hard and dnrahle wooil. 
 
 The small hranches in this species are ^ray, slender, anil 
 .-oinewliat ziiizajr. The leaves are hipinnate. on main petioles, a 
 little more than an inch long; hetweeii the first pair of pinnules 
 is usually seen on the petiole a projectiiig thouLih sometimes 
 merely a depressed gland; the next pairs are without -.'lands to 
 the summit of the leaf-stalk, where there is then another 
 di'jiressed uland. The pinnules vary in our plant from two to 
 four iiair; (we have not seen five.) The leaflets of the iiinimle 
 are olilonji-elliiitic, nearly .smooth, ohtu.se, somewhat ohlique, 
 and rounded at hase, in from eight to fifteen or sixteen pairs. 
 From the axils of the two or three uppermost leaves come out 
 finiple OY aggregati'd peduncles, u.sually hy threes, above, 
 
1! ltd A Iil'<i I) h !■; Ii A <• A <' I A. 
 
 18.1 
 
 niMMin;: t.,^..tli.T s.. iis lo lunn a sini.H s|.i..-r-lluNV.Mvcl imnnl,.. 
 «itl. .■arl. ..r tl... .li.st.TS sul.t.M.I.Ml l.y latlirr |,„-v. .l.ri.lu<ms. 
 ai,iiflcxi<".Ml.-, scn.ic.nliitc mimI iunir.iimli" kiikdU. l>ra.'tcs. wl.i.li 
 ivsrml.lc stipules. Tin" llowiTs aiv .lisposcd in siil.crical. rather 
 MUMll liemls. on iieilnneles al.unl tiiiv.M|nailers of an inch Ion-: 
 they appear whif IV-.tn tl.<> e..l..r of th- Inn-. t..rtn..us. i>;ii.-liUe 
 stainenH. The ealyx is eaneseent. with a cose pnli.srenee. irnl 
 fivo-cleft at tiu' summit. '!'!..■ enruUa is deeply llve-i'aited. and ..f 
 a pumlish Immn. with ul.l..n-h"i<'e..late divisions. Tlie stamens 
 an. ten or more, Nvith v.-ry Ion- liK . -..ts. and very snndl whitish 
 rounded anthers. The le-nme (ae.ordin- to Dr. IMod-vtl) .s 
 r.an- or live in. h.s Ion-, Ihit, thin, numy-seeded. and an inrh or 
 more in ijreaiUii. 
 
 TLATK LIII. 
 
 iv.-ir 
 
I N G A. 
 
 (I'l.UMIlllt, WlLl,I).) 
 
 Xiiliiml Orih r, Li:f;'.'Mi\ns.i^. LIiiiktkh r/,im!jliii/!o)t, Poly- 
 
 CAMIA, M()N(i;(IA. 
 
 Flowers I'OTA-dAMOi:?, peifccf, tiiiil niulc. — (.!////./■ o-tootlicd. Cornlli 
 inono]ietiil(Mis, tulnilur-runncl-roniioil, excccdinstlio calyx in lotiLrtli, 
 witli the Itonlin- ivu'ular and 4 or 5-uk'ft. S/'iiDuia iuuiutoih, oy- 
 scrtod, (10 lo 20O,) with tlio caiiiliary lilanicnts iiioro or lusri iinitod 
 intC' il tiibo. Lri/mnr Lroadly linear, eoniiiressed, ]-celk'il. ^V,v/^■ 
 usually covorod with jmlp, uiore rarely with a pelliele or with fari- 
 naceous matter. 
 
 Rhruhs or trees of warm or trojiical climates, chietly indi;;-i'nous to 
 India and America, nsmilly uuarnu'd. Flowers in spikes or ulolmlar 
 heads, red or white, rarely yellow. 
 
 BLUNT-LEAVED TXGA. 
 
 In'(1A r.\(ifis-rATi.t Sjiun'.^ .^/ipiihirlliiis irdi-; filHn r<i)>/iiii"l<'-fi('iiii'>'itis, 
 fdlniVo: ^iihciiliinik-dVpUi'is siilKlhinili'ili'.s mcinhraiMccis ghihrix, qlnmlid'i. 
 
 * An Americiii iianio adopted by I'luiiiior. 
 
 f 'I'lic si«cilio iiiiimi (if uii:/iiis-niH. idludes to the slitirt and rather concealed 
 thorns with wliieh this tree is providi'd. TSrowne calls it llie h/iirk-l„i„l >^hnili, 
 and from (jthers in .Taniaiea, aeeonlin.L' to Maefadyen, il rcecivi'-' the timmhs oC 
 I'lirhiir/i 'I'lnini and \' /ilirifii- 7'rii'. 
 
[.y- 
 
 ,11a 
 ■til, 
 oy- 
 
 t(Ml 
 
 iri- 
 
 : to 
 llMl- 
 
 Ills, 
 
 hlht. 
 
 iilcd 
 mil, 
 
i 
 
 < 
 
I,1V 
 
 
 <>tt>7<nri lith I'hil 
 
 lll'i.l I iiviiiN i'M\. 
 
BL 
 
 U N T - L !•: AA' K I ' 1 ^' ' ' 
 
 (licltdti 
 
 (lllKIl [II 
 
 lluli ijhtl'rUt inhrj'nni'l'ijh 
 
 (jriiiii '■iiji' 
 
 lal:.. ,/lnl„ 
 
 1.^7 
 
 ' //( r'i''r- 
 
 nram knnum 
 ]i. 4:'>*i. 
 
 MiMnS.V IIIK/'I 
 
 1(1)1 
 
 disposHi^', U'jiiJiunc 
 
 /,„./„.— DixANi)., rrod., Vc 
 
 (/;,— Linn., ^\» 
 
 490. Wii.r.n.. ^1'- l''-. '^■"l- '^'- 1' 
 
 1000. Jacijuin, 
 
 •Flor. 
 
 Aiitil 
 
 vol. 1. 
 
 Ildi't. SclKHMiln-iuin, vol. ii. 
 
 t;ih. 11. SWAllTZ., Ol)S., p. 
 
 ti.b. 
 
 i^;',). 
 
 DllSCOl'llT., 
 
 Ma( I'AinHN, 
 
 Flor. J:nii., vol. i. p. 
 
 30(J. 
 
 Ai-'K-ii-i 7" 
 
 '(Ir'I'iil'i 
 
 iliqai- 
 
 uimditi 
 
 rLUMU'.U. 
 
 (Ivl. 1! 
 
 iiniuiii, 
 
 ri.UKEX., till). 1, fig. 6. 
 
 Acacia 
 
 (irhorca mnjor sihuos'T, J'"'"''^ 'J 
 
 iiiiUtor, SI 
 
 Vquls 
 
 iiiloi'tis. — 
 
 Sloane, Hist. Jam., v 
 
 Ol. 11. p. 
 
 ;j(i. 
 
 Miniom j'rid'icim, Ju'iis oni 
 IJiiowNK, Jamaic, p. -- 
 
 ills blnalo-hinatk, sciitiinbus < 
 
 dro-iii 
 
 Uulihilf. — 
 
 Tins very singv 
 from ton to twenty R-L-t, is in 
 
 ilav-loavcd treo, attaining 
 
 abimt the lioi.^lit of 
 
 li^cnons to many < 
 
 ,f the West Indi 
 
 Islaiuls, as wc 
 
 11 as to Cmnana and CayeniiP 
 
 on the ni'i.iililioriii.Li' 
 
 con 
 
 tinont, where it was ohsevvea by 
 
 1 by Humboldt and Bonplan 
 
 ,d in the hitter phuv by Anblet. This is als. 
 
 ilso another ol" tli 
 
 Caribbean pro 
 States, haviiif; 
 Dr. Blod-ett. 
 
 ,dnctions whieh extends to the limits of the Unit-.l 
 . been recently Ibnnd in Key West by our iVie.ul 
 
 The wo< 
 
 and tl 
 
 le nr 
 
 d is 
 
 id to be V( 
 
 How. the sinnmit of the tree irregi 
 
 liar, 
 
 ranches stra 
 
 jxray, nu 
 thorns are s 
 
 lininsr to brown, am 
 
 i:-linir. The smaller twi-s are round and 
 I covered with minute warts. The 
 
 tipuli 
 
 ir, or 
 
 come out at the ,i 
 
 UIK 
 
 lion of the leaf with 
 
 b.'stem; they vary in si/e, but an 
 
 ilwavs siiort. and in some 
 
 ,f the twigs wi 
 
 holly absent. 
 
 Tiie leaves are bipinnate. only 
 
 four 
 
 in numlier 
 
 the leallets on ea( 
 
 1, pinule being only a single pair, 
 
 ,,,sile. oliovate, very obHise or subemargma 
 
 te and rounded above. 
 
 ihibrons 
 
 and of a thin texture, wi 
 
 th widelv-rcticu 
 
 lated 
 
 the petiole channelled above, with a liollow 
 iunctiou of the secudarv ,ietiolcs. liaceni 
 
 circular iihiiu 
 
 iier\c! 
 1 at tl 
 
 terniiuai 
 
 llic peilice 
 
 loiiii' am 
 
 1 fasti'iiate. almost like a coryn 
 
 •rreeui 
 
 r-h \ 
 
 cllow am 
 
 1 siiioolh, in 
 
 ilol 
 
 jose 
 
 heads. Calyx small, 
 
 thyrsoid. 
 Flowers 
 11, 
 
188 
 
 G U A D A L r P E IN G A. 
 
 fivo-tdotlRMl. Corolla more lliaii twii'o the Iciijith of the ciilv.v, 
 
 fivc'-clcf't toward tlio siiiiiniit, the seirinents 
 
 acu 
 
 te. Fil; 
 
 iin('ut>< 
 
 iimncrous. slender, anil ea|)illar\', ncIIow. tliri'c times tlie lenLitii 
 
 )!■ th 
 
 1)11 ri 
 
 e eor 
 lie col 
 
 ■ollii 
 
 I. 
 
 iC^'inne 
 
 toi'ulose, s[)irally t\vistt'(l. 
 
 redi 
 
 our 
 
 •(Is i 
 
 Ive or six, blaek, shinins', roundisl 
 
 1, eom- 
 
 pr 
 
 esscd, half covered with a white, tleshy, ai'ilhis-like pellicle 
 
 This plant has the credit oi" hein.i 
 nephritic comjjlaints, for the stone an( 
 
 pel 
 a sovereign remedy 11 )r 
 1 <;ravel, and also for ol)- 
 i^trnctions of the liver. The hai'k is the part employed; and 
 ISarham states (in his account of Jamaica, where this tree grows) 
 tliat in his time it was in such general nso that it was rare to 
 meet with a tree that had not been harked. The decoction, of 
 a red coloi', is very asti'ingent, and acts as a diuretic. It has also 
 been employed I'xternally' i s a lotion and injection, to i'emo\e tiic 
 relaxation of the parts, ['[ion the whole, it would seem to be 
 entitled to tlu; notice of [ihysicians, and descr\es ii further 
 examhuition. 
 
 PLATE J.IV. 
 
 A lirniirli iif tin: liiiliiral ^-uc. d. 'I'/h jlmrir ^niiiiirluil (hIhi-i/k/. 
 
 GUADALOUPE IXGA. 
 
 Ini:A ( Ir.MiAI.CrilNSIS. Jui /-///'V', /o///.v riii,jil,/il/,,-i/i iil'liillis,l'<iliii/i.-; iiliiii-illis 
 
 niilirliiiiii/ii i,< iili/)i.'-i.i i-iiiii.<l.< iildlii rriiiiis. i//iiiiJiil'i. in iHrhiiliiiiiiii /idinli 
 iji'lliri li iiiUr jUiiiih:, c<ijii(iili.\ ijluhiisis [inHi-illiilis /'(/'■iniu.^i.^, /((^niiiiin' 
 tiiiio (/Idhro. — DucANii., I'rod., vol. ii. p. 4:)(i. 
 
 MlMiiSA (iUADAI.l 1'1;.\.<1S. i''i/'Vx liijiiijif /(///i.//.v (j)-iii:ii(is, ohl'iijiiis tinh- 
 
 cori<K'ti.<, ((iii'iliilis ciiri/iiilio.^i.''. — Pdrsuu.n, Syiio[is., vol. ii. [i. -*'rJ.. 
 
 Tins species also becomes a tree of twelve to twenty feet ele- 
 vation at Key West, according to the oljservation of tiie same 
 
ir 
 
V.I 
 
 ? ■ H.i.Ul'l. 
 
I'l. \x 
 
 '! n.i.„r.i;i/il1Ur~ 
 
 /M,w ,Mi ' 
 
 hn.ij.iltw/if llhjit 
 
 \\\ii\ (illilil;illl|ic'iiis 
 
 litiiti til- Li tUituli-liiufie 
 
HCI 
 
 ilci 
 
 ('(' 
 
 \\] 
 lit 
 
 bl 
 
 ill 
 (Jl 
 k' 
 
 Ix 
 
 til 
 
 "1 
 l» 
 
 ul 
 li 
 111 
 
 VI 
 VI 
 CI 
 Ml 
 CI 
 II 
 ll 
 SI 
 h 
 
G r.\ DA i,() r r !•: iN(iA. 
 
 180 
 
 ^(•iitlciiiiui wlio (liM'i)V('rc(l till- iircccdiiii^-. The >i)cciiiicii dr- 
 H'rihcd li\' Pcrsooii (■■.iiiic from the island of (luadidi)ii[ir. Dccaii- 
 diillc Mi>i)Oct.s that it may lie ii inciv tlinrnlcss variety dftln' \nv- 
 ct'diii^- species, (J. iinniUN-niti ;) Imt, iVoiii iniiiiiToiis s[M'ciiiii'iis 
 Avhicli we liavc inspccti'd iVom Floiidii, tliore can remain very 
 little ddulit of its distinction as a peculiar species. 
 
 Tlie spines appear to lie vvlioily wantinii'; the l)ar]< of thi; 
 Ijranches is uray and rough with minute warts. The petioli'S arc 
 aliout threo lines long, and of the same h'ugth with tiie partial 
 ones; hoth nro strongly grooved nml distinctly articulated. The 
 leavi'S are smooth iind coriaceous, shining ahovo, didl and paler 
 heneath, delicately and reticulately veined, ([uite opaque from 
 their thickness, cuneate-oblong or lanceolatoK)hlong, ohtuse, and 
 sometimes rounded at the apex, at other times rather acute and 
 apieulated. A depres.sed gland at the summit of the petiole 
 lietween the stalks, and also one less distinct between the ]>airs 
 of leallets. The tlowers are axillary and long-pedunculate; they 
 likewise terminate the branches in corymbose racemes. The 
 heads of tlowers aiv hemispherical, and ap[)ear to have been 
 yeUo\vi,>^h green. The calyx is campaindate, with acute and 
 vi'ry distinct teeth; the corolla is nionopetalons, more widely 
 cMUipanulate at the suuniiit, twice as long as the calyx, with 
 acute segments. The pods are dark iiurplish brown, much 
 curved, three to four inches long, alfout half an inch wide, 
 attenuateil at the base, torulose iuid irregularly narrowed between 
 the seeds, but not interee|)te(l williiu. The seeds are deei) black, 
 somewhat compressed, and at one extremity half covered by a 
 bright rose-red lleshy and lobed arilli-;-. 
 
 PLATE LV. 
 
 A hnnirli "f llif iiiilnriii -"1:1: a. I'lic rii>i' pod. h. Tha ■^•><(. 
 
S C 11 ^E F ¥ i: 11 A. 
 
 (.lACyUlN.) 
 
 Xuliirttl Order, (jKl.ASTniNK.K? Liiurvdn Cla-'isijicuHoii, DkkciA, 
 
 Tetisandhia. 
 
 ])|ii;ciiir.-. — (jdii.r siiiiill, 4-iiiirtfil, jicrsistciit. 7' /"/.v foui', iiltcriiutin,i? 
 with the scji;ils. Stuiiiiiiii. lour, (iiiinisitc to llii' pcliils. Onirliim 
 L'-ci'IKmI. Sli(/)iiiis two. lirrrji dry, liiimrtiti', culls l-scedcd. t<(til 
 civet, iiliuio-c'oiivex ; iilliumcii tk'sliy ; uiiiliryo central, straiglit, iiiul 
 ihit. 
 
 Trcps of Trojiiciil Aiiici'lcM, willi iiltcnuitc, cntii'o, foriacooiiM loaves; 
 stipules none; ilowers sevenil, axillary, small and pcdieellaled, white 
 ol' "Tcen. 
 
 JAMAICA BOXWOOD. 
 
 Scii/iF.FFKUA nfxiroi.iA. FnJii.s hDicrdiilu-ovatls liii.ii (iltoiiKilis pkrisqHC 
 
 iicKtis rdiiiiilisijiic i/lnlirl.", ]Hi'ili,'< riri'lis dhlifsis. 
 Sc'iiynrriuiiA ruLTKScKNS, hiij-ifiilia. Foliis latins ovatis niiicronatis. 
 
 — ])i:cAND., Trod., vol. ii. p. 41. Lam., lUust., 1. 80!). 
 Jlii.ri fiiliu iDnjurr (ir)iiiiii}(iti), (irhitr buocij'cra, fructit. minorc crocco tUpjrcnu. 
 
 — Si.oANK, Hist. Janiai.'a, vol. ii. p. 10:2, tab. 200, lit;. 1. 
 
 AccniiDiXG lo Dr. Biudgctt, this plant, common at K03' West 
 and on tlio adjoining keys of Ea.st Flo'-ida, hocomcH a tree of 
 
 * .\:iiiii'(l ill 1 or ul' .James Christiuii SclnulVer, ol' Iiutisljuii, author of several 
 
 botaiiieal works. 
 VM 
 
to 
 
 \ 
 
^ 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
I'l I.VI 
 
 {.-"iiuiMMr- UhrkUa 
 
 ll/a,ftf<M* 
 
 Si h(i'ff<'i;i luixifoli;! 
 
 .hnv-uai H.'.y Hihhf Srhir/f/ni .( triuths ,1/ hum 
 
th 
 
 Fi 
 
 of 
 
 P' 
 gi 
 
 w 
 
 T 
 w 
 
 tl 
 h 
 o 
 o 
 
JAMAICA BOXWOOD. 
 
 101 
 
 thirty feet in lu-ioht, and is an article of export from the Ba- 
 hama Lshuuls, where it is valued at about forty dollars the ton. 
 From Poiteau's " Herbarium," it appears to grow in the island 
 of St. Domingo; it i= -1- npnarently identical with the Jamaica 
 plant of Sloane. The wood is pale yellow, very close and fnie- 
 grained, and might easily be mistaken for that of the true Box, 
 which name it bears in the Bahamas. 
 
 The twigs are slender and covered with a light gray bark. 
 The leaves^ are very smooth and shining on the upper surface, 
 with slender branching veins, lanceolate and very acute, yet on 
 the lower part of the same specimen blunt or even emargmate; 
 but thev are always narrowed below. The i.ale flowers (the 
 only ones I have seen) are small, on very sh:.rt peduncles, three 
 or four to-'ether, witli a rather minute caly:<, and four broadish, 
 green, oblong, obtuse petals. The stamens are usually four, 
 shorter than the petals, sometimes more by the mgraftment ol 
 two peduncles. The stigmas are two, and short. The berries 
 rather flattened and two-lobed, about the size of a grain of cubebs, 
 dry. but with a. thick integument, two-celled, two^eeded. and of 
 a pale oran-e-yellow when ripe. Appearances of resin are visible 
 on «ome of the bu.ls, and the berries have rather an acrid bitter 
 taste, something like that of tobacco; yet, notwithstanding 
 their disa-reealile taste, they are greedily devoured by birds. 
 
 Tlie white flowers of S./nil,sm>s, the S. comphta of Swart/, 
 M„l it. humble stature, a]>pear to distinguish it from our plant. 
 
 T.i^Ai'E LVI. 
 
 A huwrh of the mdmil si:.: u. Thcvmkjhmr. h. Thfnnf. 
 
C E A N O T H U S/ 
 
 (Lixx., in pnrt.) 
 
 Natunil Order, Eiiamxk.t:, (Dccand.) Linnrrnn Clasmfimtion, 
 
 PKXTAXnUIA, MOXOGYNIA. 
 
 Cohjx campanulatc, shortly 5-clcft, with the horilor docichinus. rdnh 
 live, nu'iillato, and arched, csscrtod, with long claws. Stamais ex- 
 scrtod. JJi-^l; thickened at the margin surrounding the ovary. 
 Sii/k'S three, uinted to the middle. Fruil dry and rigid, mostly 
 0-celled, ohtusely triangular, seated on the persistent tube of tho 
 calyx, tricoccous, dehiscing by the inner sutures. .Vcu/.v obovate, 
 even. 
 
 Shrubs or undershrubs, rarely smiUl trees, of tho temperate parts of 
 America. Roots largo and ligneous. Leaves alternate, ovate or 
 cUipti'ul, mostly serrate, sometimes entire, persistent or deciduous. 
 Flowere white or blue, in umbel-liko clusters, aggregated at the 
 extremities of the branches into thyrsoid corymbs. The taste of the 
 root an<l most other parts of the plant more or less astringent. One 
 of the species was formerly employed as a succedaneum for tea, and 
 hence the name of "New Jcrsii/ Tea." 
 
 * .Vniiueient Greek name cuiiiluyeil by TheuplirarttUH fur a filaiit nuw unknown. 
 
 102 
 
i 
 
■1 LVll 
 
 TlHM* iVallDlllllK 
 ainolluM i/nrxit'liiiutc Ccunolhf (hrrsiyJi'i'e ■ 
 
TREE CEAXOTIIUS. 
 
 CEAX'/riiis Tiiviii^iFi.onrs. Arhorca,mrl.i; ranm(wrliitls,f<,lilsonih. 
 obhwjis iiilnllqitki^, ohUms mmmmdis, tjla,HMoi<o-.sirriiM;s siih- 
 t/hhris, siihlii.^ siibclllosi': ; (h.i/rm nhloiif/o-oroUbus (kii.sijhris coyijm- 
 'inii;, ,'.nll<rr:i>^is trn,nH<M„s>i>ir, ranii'^ Jh.nj'cns folmis ; florihus nzuiri^. 
 
 Ckaxothus (!np:-;floms.—\^saiowi^, in Mom. Acad. St. rctorsl.., (1820.) 
 IlnoKKii, Flor". Bor. Am., vol. i. p. 125. 11ooki:iv und AiiNorr, in 
 IJot. 15ui!cliy, p. 131). TuiiiiKY and Guay, vol. i. p. 200. 
 
 Though .suveral .species of tlii.s ok-iint genus in California, 
 Oregon, and along tlio northwest coa.st, become considerahliJ 
 shrubs, this is the only one which can be classed among trees. 
 It was somewhat abundant on dry, gravelly hills in the vicinity 
 of Monterey, where I arrived in the month of March, about 
 the time that it was bursting into llower. My attention was 
 called to it in the wood-pile, where considerable stems, at least 
 us thick as a man's leg. lay consigned to the ignoble but still 
 imiH.rtant use of firewood. The wood appeared hard, tough, 
 of a reddish clor, and it allbrded a durable fuel. The l)ranches 
 were tortuous, spreading, and coveri'd with a rough Ijark; the 
 branchlets green and angular. Leaves nearly elliptic, the 
 uppermost ovate-oblong, all ghindularly serrulate ; al)ove smooth, 
 beneath pubescent, particularly along the three strong nerves 
 which traverse the leaf to the sunnnit ; the petioles very short ; 
 the upper branchlets terminating in thyrsoid panicles of deep 
 blue and very elegant tlowers, made up of numerous round, 
 dense clusters, in small corymbs; the terminal mass oval, alxn.t 
 three inches long by about an inch in wi.lth ; the clusters are 
 subtended by ovate, acuminate, broad, villous, and deciduous 
 bractes. Tlie calyx, petals, and peduncles, are of a deep sky- 
 blue ; the segments of the calyx ovate; the petals, as usual, 
 ungniculate and exserted, as well as the stamens; the anthers 
 are v.'Uow. With the fruit 1 am wholly unacquainted. 
 
 Vuu lV.-l:i ^''•■' 
 
1D4 
 
 T U E E C E A N U T II U S. 
 
 As this is a liartly and very ornamental i)lant, it well dcwrvcs 
 cultivation. Tlie llower.s appear early in the spring, and tlic 
 whole sunnuit ol" the tree appears of an intense blue. 
 
 The bark of the CciiiioI/iiih a7:tin-m, a plant allied to the pre- 
 sent species, is esteemed in Mexico as a lebrifuge. 
 
 PLATE LVII. 
 
 ^■1 lifiiiirli cf the iHiUifdl size. a. The Jhiirrr. 
 
 Ckanothl-s jiwcrociirpus. — Nutt., in Tnr.UKY iiiid Guay. As this is 
 not tlio plant of Willdenow, I take; tliis opportunity of cormtini,' 
 the orror, and propose to call it Cnmuthiis iiiqidciirpiif. 
 
 I'Eitsi.MMoN, (Dmptjrus Viri/nilnna.) ,9 pudkscicns. FuU'm litihlns vkiI- 
 lilcr jiil'-isifi. 
 
 Of this reniarkalde variety, with the leaves softly pilose 
 lieneath, I have seen specimens from Louisiana, collected l)y 
 Mr. Teinturier; and a very similar but less pubescent variety 
 was found in Georgia by tlie late Dr. Baldwin, (according to 
 specimens in the herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences 
 in tliis place.) 
 
cs 
 
 10 
 
 to 
 
I lAllI 
 
 Snake Wood. 
 
 Coliihriiltl Anu't'inuui /iin.i (//■ ('(iiilriiyre 
 
C O L U B 11 1 N A. 
 
 (HiCI'AKD.) 
 
 Na(,u;d Order, RiiAMNE.F.. Li>N,<ran a>u>Hifirafum, Pentaxdria, 
 
 MoNOOYNIA. 
 
 0,h,x spvcadinir, .Vcleft; the tube iKnuisplun-icnl. P>f'>h five, ol- 
 oviite, involute, ,SV. • 'CVS live, ^vitl, ovate, -l-vAV'A atulinv. I>,.^h 
 il.sliy, ratlier <'.at, slightly rj-anirletl. Ovm-n immerse.l in a.i.l ad- 
 herini to the disk, ^^celled. %/c trifid. HHnmas throe. Fruil 
 tapsular, de'iisc'ent, trieocoous, gir,^ at the base by the adiiate, per- 
 ma.ient. entire tube of the ealyx. Sa:ds furnished with a sliort 
 i<talk, the testa eoriaeeo--', very smooth. 
 
 Trees or shrubs of Trnpieal America and Asia. Leaves alternate, 
 with pinnate .lerves, and retieuhUe.I witli transv.Tse veins. Flowers 
 in short, axillary cymes. 
 
 SNAKG-WOOD. 
 
 CoLunniNA Ameiucana. FM.< nnitis suhrtcnminans mlr;ir;s, sHbln.' 
 rmiu'U, Jbribus,,m farurjlnco-villosis, Jiorihus axillnribjis ,-or!/mb,m 
 
 iiiliirc()atii. 
 CEANOTiins coM,rimn.~lMiMicK. Dixanl., Prod., vol. ii. p. :!l. 
 
 ri;Ksi)iiN, Svnops., vol. i. p. 244. 
 liHAMNT- n-/;//,r/,M..-.lAC(iUiN', Amcr., 74, No, -J, Uort. Vindobon., 
 vol. iii. tab. .-,(). V.V.K1,, Icon, rar., tab. lO,",. Linn., Sy^t., vol. i. 
 
mo 
 
 SNA K E-WOOn. 
 
 IvilAMNUS arhorcH.i, fiilii.<! ohimili.'< vcno.<i.^, cnpati)/.-.' .ipharlri.'i, iitfi nic ad 
 nudklaU'in caluptrati-^. — Buowne, .Taniaic, p. 172, Xo. 2. 
 
 ]{hamnus fcrrwjhieus. — Ni'TT., in Touuey aii<l Gray, Flora X. Am., 
 vol. i. p. 2i>!, and Jourii. At'ad. X;it. Sc, I'liilad., vol. vii. ji. 90. 
 
 Arhiir lHU\-iJ\ra iwllcn, foVli hvijorihus spkndadhus jhrc pcidaptialu. — 
 CoM.M., ][ort., J). 4To, tal). HO. 
 
 A I'l.owKiiiXG si»ooiiiien of thirt tree was collectod at Key 
 Wc'st, ill East Florida, by Mr. Titian Pualc. From this im- 
 porfoct relic I conceived it to belong to a now species, which I 
 honco called the lerriiginous Buckthorn ; hut on comparing it 
 more attentively with, a line specimen of lihamnus cohihrlmm, 
 collected in St. Domingo by I'oiteau, I felt satisfied of their 
 identity. It is indigenous to the islands of St. Martin, tlic 
 Bahamas. Jamaica, St. Domingo, and Cuba, whore, on the high 
 niDinitains, it lioconies a tree of twenty feet in height; but on 
 the borders of the sea, among the brushwood, it seldom attains 
 a greater lieight than that of six or .seven foot. The branches 
 s})road out luri/ontally and are tliickly covered with loaves. 
 It is remarkable for thi' ferruginous d(jwn spread over the 
 petioles and Noung U'aves, as well as upon the j)oduncles and 
 calyx of tlie tiv)\vers. The bark is smooth and blackish, but 
 the younger branches are gray and down}'. The leaves an' 
 alternate, oval, somewhat acuminately and abruptly pointed, 
 entire, smooth and shining almve, tomeritose beneath when 
 young, afterward only so on the nerves, three to four inches 
 long by about two inches widi-; the petioles from a (piarter to 
 half an inch long. The llowers are small, disposed in sliort, 
 axillary corymbs, ci)ntaining in each duster idjout seven to ton. 
 'J'lio calyx is \iilous and ferruginous, live-parted, the divisions 
 ovate and somewhat acute; the |ietals, five in numlier, are nar- 
 row, linear-oblong, about the length i)f the divisions of the 
 calyx, unguiculate, concave, and partly endjracing the stamens, 
 which are about the same length. FU'sliy disk of the germ 
 conspicuous, broiidly live-lobod. 'J"h(> style is simple, termiiuiting 
 
SNAKE-n'OOl). 
 
 197 
 
 i,; throe siiiipU", ol)tusc stigmas. The fruit, nearly hnlf-way 
 embraced by the persistent base of the calyx, is a capsule of 
 three lobes, with three valves and three elastic cells. The 
 seeds are solitary, nearly round, and somewhat compres.sed, 
 shining and black, remaining, often after the lapse of the cap- 
 sule, attached to the base of the cells. With the wood of this 
 tree or its economy I am unacquainted. 
 
 Another species of this genus, with smooth, elliptic, and some- 
 what acuminated leaves on longish petioles, occurs, according to 
 La Sagra, in Cuba. In this also the small axillary umbels are 
 very few-llowered, smooth, and pedicelhited : this might Ijo called 
 Co ithruia ijlabra. 
 
 PLATE LVIII. 
 
 A hnnirh of (he nntural size. a. The ,n„hd of jlowrr^. b. The flower n 
 link enlarged, e. The I lYimumiig attached to the reeeplarle. 
 
IJ U C K T H O P N. 
 
 Xii/in-iil Onlt i; RiiAMXK.E. Liinimm Clunnljlration, rKXTANOKlA, 
 
 MoNOGYNIA. 
 
 RIIAMXUS.* (Li.vN.) 
 
 (V///r nroooliito, witli the border 4 or 5-clet't. I'ltuJ.^ four or five, 
 altoriKitiiijj witli tlio calyx, eiit'ro, cmargiiiato or i-loliod, riioru 
 or less C'liivoluto, somctuiic;; ivantiiii;. Tunis tliiii, rmiiiic llio tulu' 
 of the calyx. Stainitid situated before the petals. Onny free, and 
 not irninersed in the torus or dii^'c, 2 to 4-eelled. S/i/l(S two to 
 four, distinct, or eonibined. Fndt drupaceous, eoutaiuiiig two to 
 four eartilaginou:i nuts. 
 
 The 15urkthorns are all shrubs or snuUI trees, with alternate and 
 rarely opposite leaves, on short petioles, often pennatejy nerveil. 
 The tlowers are snudl and ii;reenish, usnaily in short axiihiry (JMslers 
 or small eorvndis. 
 
 CAROLINA BUCKTIIORX. 
 
 KuA.MXt-s CAitoi.ixiANrs, C^Vai.tkk, Flor. Carol., ]i. 101.) Enrtiis. 
 fulii.i <iraV<-<jhhiiHj'ts iii/if/riusriilis (jhihris, iDiibillis iiuluiiciihiiis, Jliirlliii.-< 
 licrmiiphrixUtci', fnirt' -is r/lnhosis. — MiniAux, Flor. Bor. Am., vol. i. 
 ji. l")!!. Decand., Prod., vol. ii. p. 20. 
 
 KiiA.MXus Cauoliniani s. Erect, unanned; leaves oval-oblong, ob- 
 scurely serrate, nearly glabrous, (or rarely pubescent lieneath ;) 
 
 * From llii' (cllic /■//», liiMiicliiiiL:' ; ;iim1 liriicr llic (Ircck /.uym^. 
 IDS 
 
to 
 to 
 
 ll/IM 
 
 ob- 
 
I'l. hlX 
 
 Carolina HucAthoni 
 
 J,%,iniiiis CirDldiifiiiis X,/;iriiii <^f In f'nrnlinr 
 
ur 
 tl( 
 III 
 111 
 T 
 
 'J 
 
 iind 
 LiU 
 
 i.r 
 
 Arl 
 Tri 
 
 Mil 
 
 boi 
 wii 
 
 tVli 
 
 ve 
 lo( 
 
 Ui 
 pii 
 t\> 
 
 SII 
 
 \v 
 
 tl 
 
 al 
 it 
 
CAROLINA BUCKTHORN. 
 
 199 
 
 umlit'ls axillary, on pcdiiiiuh^s iniicli shorter than the jiotiok's; 
 ilowors perfect, pciitandrous, (.sometimes tetrauilroii.s;) jictals mi- 
 nute, embraciiii^ the very short stamens; styles united to the sum- 
 mit; stigmas three; fruit globose, rather dry, 5i to 4-soedcd. — 
 TouiiEV and (jUAY, Flora N. Anier., i. ji. 202. 
 
 Tins fuie Bucktlioni, though usually ii shruh in our Suutlieni 
 iind Southwestern forests, on the borders of Palmetto Creek, 
 Laurens county, in Georgia, the late Jlr. Crooni observed trees 
 of this species thirty to forty feet high. In the forests of 
 Arkansas, they attain the height of ordinary Peach or Ajjple 
 Trees, and, congregated together, produce shady groves of con- 
 siderable extent. The quality or uses of its wood remain a 
 desideratum. The stems are, however, slender i()r their height, 
 being not more than four to si.v inches in diameter. 
 
 The leaves are three to six inches long and one to two inches 
 wide, oval-oblong and widening ti>ward the summit, the ex- 
 tremity more or les.s briefly acuminate, tlie border slenderly 
 serrulate, and sometimes irregularly waved; the lateral pennate 
 veins are ten to twelve, and rather distant; the very young 
 leaves before oxpansiim are somewhat ferruginously villous. 
 Undtels on stout pedicids, from 10 to lo-llowered. The cal^x 
 pubescent but not ferruginous, the segments laiu:e()late; petals 
 two-lobed at the extremity. The fruit, black, as large as a 
 small pea, is mostly three-seeded. Seeds black, plano-convex, 
 without a groove. 
 
 This species begins to ajipear in North Carolina and extends 
 through Georgi;' to Florida. West t)f tae Mississippi, it is 
 abundant on the banks of the Arkansas, and Mr. Say collected 
 it within the range of the Rocky Momitains. 
 
 In Bartram's Botanic Garden, at Kingsessing, where this 
 species is perfectly hardy, it forms an elegant tree, and has 
 attained the height of nearly twenty-five feet in twenty years. 
 Colonel Carr,the late worthy proprietor of this interesting garden, 
 tells me that for a ctnsiderable time the berries remain red. ami 
 
200 
 
 IT 11 Sirs BUOKTHOUN. 
 
 arc very oniiniu'iitiil; at IcMifrtli towaril wIiiUt tlicy turn Mack, 
 and remain so lor a lonu; time, until .some famislii'd Hock of 
 robins liillrt upon anil strips tlicni nearly at onw. 
 
 PLATE LIX. 
 
 A branch <if titc nalural nl^c. a. Tlicjldim-dibirijul. /». The In rricis. 
 
 PURSirS BUCKTHORN. 
 
 IJiiAMM's I'nisiii.v.NTS, (Dt'caiid.) Jncnnis, nrr/u.^, J'nili.s ((ilo-iin/ili'ris 
 mmulc drxticiildl'i-ficrrdli-^' .^hIiIhs jiiihisi'tHlilnis iurr!.< hitirulilnis aliliiinis 
 Unmlis, pahmcuUs axiK'Tilmti iiiiihilliilisJlijrilni.^-'/iti- puhcdcotlihu.-; valji-e. 
 H-filo, pdalis initudis cdcidhifi.i.—lhniK., Flor. I'.or. Am., vol. ii. \>.V2'), 
 t. 43. Dkcaxi)., Trod., vol. ii. \<. ■2^>. 
 
 KiiA.MNUS a!ivj'oli(tti. — Vvii:'n, Flor. Am. Hv[<t., vol. i. p. lti<i, (iion 
 L'lLrhkr.) 
 
 Tins is another species of Buckthorn which Ixn-onies a tree of 
 ten to twenty I'eot elevation, with a trunk of nine inches in 
 diameter. It was discovered within the liooky Mountain range, 
 on the hanks of .Salmon Eiver, by Captain Lewis; and it is 
 of common occurrence on the borders of the ()re;,'on, in tlie 
 upland shady woods near the skirts of the prevailing Pine 
 forests. Menzies also met witli this tree near Nootka. on the 
 northwest coast of America. It bears a strong re.send)lance to 
 the Ji. Oirulliilunws,- but the leaves are broader, shorter, and 
 more decidedly serrated, and the Ijerry is strongly three-lobed. 
 
 The branches are round, dark brown, and pubescent. The 
 loaves are three to live inches long, petiolate, deciduous, but at 
 length somewhat coriaceous, broadly elliptic, rounded or rarely 
 somewhat acute at the base, obtuse or sometimes very sliortl} 
 
CAT II A I! T 10 lU'CKTII O 11 N. 
 
 201 
 
 i<>r 
 
 aciimiiiMto, tlio iniir;j,in niiiiiitcly siTriiliitc, the yoiiiiL' Iciuch 
 inilicscciit at length, only (<o on tlio nerves Ijeiioiitli, the iierveH 
 in olilique Hnes; petioles puhe.scent. Stipnles quickly deeidnons, 
 jiiMJiincles solitary, an ineh or more lonjr, unihelhiteil; pedicels 
 puhescent, elonjrated in the fruit. Calyx externally ptdiescent, 
 six-cleft; the sejinients acute, internally cariiiate. Petals minute, 
 cuculhite, hilid at the apex, shorter than the calyx, very concave, 
 and cucullate. Stamens opposite the petals ami involved in 
 them. Germ nmall, ovate. Style shorter than tin; jrerm; tiie 
 stigma ohtuse and three-lohed. Berry wider ahove, three-ci'lled, 
 three-seeded. The seed ohovate, hlack, very shining, convex 
 cxteriiidly, internally with a central, elevated line at the hase, 
 at the hyluni yellow. 
 
 The C.VTiiAUTic BucKTiioiLV {RhdiniiKs oi/Iiiirliriis) appears to 
 he a native of the Northern States of the Union, as it occm's in 
 the wildest situations. The berries and syrup of this species 
 have long been employed in medicine. The juice of the berries, 
 in a dose of ii\Q or six drachms, proves a strong cathartic; but 
 it is generally made into a syrup. The bark has als(j an emetic 
 qualify. The juice of the unripe berries with alum gives a 
 yellow dye; that of the ripe fruit, concentrated by evaporation, 
 and treated in the same maimer with a solution of alum, ^ives 
 a green paste, — the sap-green employed by painters, — and, from 
 the manner in which it is prepared for sale, is called, in France, 
 rcrf tic rcmle. 
 
 In New England, particularly in the vieiniiV of Boston, this 
 species is much employeil for useful and orna-nental hedges, ami, 
 bearing well to be cut, growing thick, an<l remaining green till 
 winter, it is strongly recommended for this useful purpose. 
 
 IV.— l:l» 
 
MANCIIINEEL. 
 
 NiiiKnil O/v/c/', p]ci'lK)UlilACK/T;? Li'iinmni (Viissijlrd/inu, M()N(F,- 
 CIA, MoNAnEUMllA. 
 
 lIirrOMANK.* (Linn.) 
 
 AfoxcKciors. — Mfilc flowers with a sulicinnpamiliito, omanonalo calyx 
 and no corolla. A single columnar iilanient terniinatiiii; in four 
 antliors. — In tlic fa-t'dc flower there is a 3-leaved caly.x and no 
 corolla. .S7'//l" very short. Slii/nta ti or T-clel't. Fniit, a (Iriipe con- 
 taining a six to seven or more celled nut; each cell witli one seed; 
 the colls indchiseent. 
 
 A large poisonous tree of Trojiical America, with alternate, entire 
 leaves ; the male flowers clustered in interruiitcd, terminal spikes. 
 The fi'uit solitary and sessile, resemliling an apple. 
 
 MANCIIINEEL. 
 
 irrPPOMAXK MANCINEIJ.A. lAjliifl omtis SnTi'llix. — LlN"N'.,WlLl.n., Sp. ]il. 
 
 liAMAUcK, lUust., t. 703. 3 ACQ., Am., edit, pid., t. 2:!8. Aiui.ct, 
 
 (Juian., vol. ii. p. 885. 
 flldhts Americana, lauroccrasi folio, venenata. Manrinello arbor sen Jlla.i- 
 
 .'^iiiilia dicta. — CoMMEL., Ilort., vol. i. p. 131, t. G8. 
 Jiajlnndi affum arbor jtdifcra, lacicsrcns, venenata, ii'jrifoUn, Mancanillo 
 
 Jlispani'-- dicta. — Si.oani;, Jamaic. Hist., vol. ii. p. 3, t. 15!). 
 
 * I'rum l-zii;, a hor»'', luid /laviu, ma</iirsx. Tlio iiuiiio, lidwcvor, was a]i]ilii'(l 
 by the Greeks to a very ditVereut jilaiit which grew in Areailia, said to render 
 liiirses furicins. 
 2(12 
 
N(K- 
 
 iilyx 
 four 
 
 IK) 
 
 con- 
 sul; 
 
 itiro 
 ken. 
 
 i.rr. 
 
 1/-^^■- 
 
 
r^iM 
 
 I' I i.X 
 
 .VLmi'liiiHf 
 
 Hi/i/KHHiiitr ■ ff/iii<'li:<///i 
 
 ](iiuiiiii//ii r 
 
Mn 
 
 Hi 
 
 Vil 
 
 CO! 
 
 K( 
 
 to 
 til 
 ail 
 ill 
 lu 
 
 <rl' 
 
 n' 
 ill 
 III 
 
 M 
 
 al 
 (\ 
 
 III 
 (i 
 
 II 
 1, 
 ('I 
 (I 
 f( 
 
M A N C II I N E K L. 
 
 20:J 
 
 M<>,ir,n,Hla ;»/,",/./,/('.— Plum iKii, Gc.i., p. 40, t. 3. MSS. vol. vi. t. 
 
 109. Cateshy's Carol., vol. ii. p. 05, t. 0.'). 
 Ador Amn-Miita Muneincllo dklajructu pond vcnenalo, nudrls srpkm-i 
 
 el jilurHjiis, In ossicalo muricnlo, iotldem loftdis dispcrliti), iiwtusin.—l'LV- 
 
 KKN, Ahiiag., p. 44. riiytog., tub. 142, fig. 4. 
 Ilippomanc urljorann. lactcscms, nimiditi tmiati-i ; petiidis ijlundidd imlah.i ; 
 
 jlorlbiis spiaiUs, mlxAis.—V,\w\s^v., Juiii., p. ^'-fjl. 
 
 The Mancliincol Tree atta'ns a great size on the sea-coast in 
 various parts of the West India Islands and the neijihljoring 
 continent. It lias also been found growing very conunon at 
 Key West, in low places, wliere it attains the height of thirty 
 to forty feet. It has nuich the aspect of a Pear Tree at a dis- 
 lance, while the fruit resembles in appearance and scent a small 
 api)le, and is produced in such abundance that the ground, when 
 they fall, appears as if it weve paved with them; they possess, 
 however, very little i)ulp, hei:.g internally occupied by a deeply- 
 grooved nut as largo as a chestnut. No aniuuil, except goats 
 and macaws, chooses to feed on them; and they become dry, 
 brown, anil spongy, and as useless as they are deleterious. Tlu; 
 wood, on the contrary, is in great esteem for tables, cabinets, 
 and other articles of furniture, being close-grained, heavy, 
 durable, finely variegated with brown, white, and snades of 
 AvUow, and susceptible of a high polish. Tables made of it 
 "almost resemble marble, and are e.pially smooth and shining. 
 Creat caution, however, is necessary in felling the tree; and, 
 before they begin, it is the usual i)ractico of the workmen, 
 first to kindle a fire round the stem, by which means the 
 milky sap becomes so nuK-h inspissated as not to follow the 
 blow's of the axe. Tli.n- al.<o take the further precaution to 
 cover the face with a net of gauze, to prevent the access both 
 of the juice and the particles of sup-wood, which might be dele- 
 terious. 
 
 All parts of tb<' Mauchineel Tree abound with a white, milky 
 sap. which is very poisonous, and so ca\istic that a sinde <h\)p 
 
M A N cm N E E L. 
 
 reci'ivt'il upon tlie back of the hand immediately ])rodiices the 
 M'nsatioii of the toiicli of a coal oi" (ire, and soon raises a watery 
 blister. The Indians, accordin;:; to Hawkins, used to jjoison 
 tJK'ir arrows with this juice, which retained its venom tor a 
 loii!^ time. Another and much more deadly jjoison was com- 
 monly used for this })urpose, however, by the American savages 
 of tlie warmer parts of America, — namely, the vnniri, chielly 
 obtained fn)ni the juice of the t'ifn/i-Juioii; and this was distin- 
 giiishal)le liy producing the efli-'ct of tihnnts or lockjaw, wbicii, 
 mostly fatal, Avas sometimes protracted fcjr several days before 
 producing di'atli. It is reported that man\- of the Kuropeans 
 ■who iirsi landeil in Surinam died suddenly from slee[)ing uiulcr 
 this tri'e; and there may probably be soTue foundation in truth 
 for such reports, when we take into consideration the volatile 
 nature of the poisonous principle of these pla.ics. As in the 
 Acnonious species of Rhus or Sumach, also, while many in- 
 dividuals arc- affected by the poison, others, for no evident 
 reas(m, can touch or handle these ])lants with impunity. Ifence, 
 though .Tacquin assei'ts that ho I'eposed under tlu' shade of the 
 Manchineel for the space of three hours without eN[>cricncing 
 any inconvenii'iice. it docs not follow that it would be er(ually 
 hannless to all who should hazard tiu; e\i)eriment; and, \\i[\\ a 
 laudable prudence, the inhabitants of Mai'tini((ue formerl}- burneil 
 down whole wooils of the Manchiuetd in order to clear their 
 country of so dangerous a ])esv. 
 
 fatesby acknowledges that h(> was not sudiciently satislicd of 
 its poisonous (puilities "till, assisting in the cutting down a tree 
 of this kind on Aii<lr<i^ Island, I paid for my incredulitj': sonu! 
 of the milky jioisvuious juice s) irting in my eyes, I was two 
 days totally deprived of sight, :,nd my eyes and face much 
 swelled, and lelt u violent pi'ickiug pain the fii'st twenty-lour 
 hoius. which from that time abated gradually with the suelling, 
 and went oil' without any application or remedy, none in that 
 
M A N C 11 1 N E E L. 
 
 •Mi, 
 
 uninhiiliitfd isliuid being to be had. It is no woudor that tlie 
 sp-i) of this tree should be so vindcjit, when rain or dew lalliny 
 from its leaves on the naked body causes blisters on the skin, 
 and even the clUuvia of it arc so noxious as to ail'ect the senses 
 of those which stand any time under its shade." 
 
 Oily substances are considered the best remedy fur this 
 poison. Some also reeonunend a large glass of sea-water to 
 be drank instantly as a preventive. 
 
 The branches of the Manchineel arc covered with a grayish, 
 smooth bark. The leaves, which fall annually, are alternate, 
 petiolate, numerous, oval, pointed, almost cordate at the base, 
 slightly and distantly serrulate, dark green, rather thick, 
 shining, veined, and transversely nerved, tliree to four incdies 
 long l)y about two inches wide. Stipules oval and caducous. 
 The llowers are small and of a yellow ctdor, mona'cious, and 
 grow upon straight, terminal spikes, like catkins. The nude 
 llowers are minute, collected togethc ■ in clusters of about thirty 
 together, each cluster suljtended Ijy a concave, caducous scale. 
 The calycini" scales are accompanied at their base Ijy two large, 
 lateral, orbicular, depressed glands. The fertile flowers are 
 sessile and solitary. The drupe, in color and odor, is so like 
 a small apple that it might easily be mistaken for it; it is 
 shining, and of a ycUowish-gree.i color, with a white and milky 
 pulp. ' it c(mtains a thick, bony nut. full of angular crests 
 which preject almost tlirough the skin; it has, ordinarily. si.K 
 or seven, sometimes as many as fourteen? one-seeded cells, which 
 have no spontaneous dehiscence or valves. The mair llowers 
 have a very smal' onedruved, roundisli, 1)ifid calyx, witli a 
 straight, slender lUament as long again as the calyx, beanng 
 f.,ur ''roundish anthers. The J' male ilower, like the j-receding, 
 has no corolla, and consists of a three-leaved calyx, with round- 
 ish, obtuse, connivi'ut leallets. The ovary is oval, superior, as 
 long as the calyx, surmounted liy a straight, short style, d.'ei)ly 
 
20fi 
 
 A L E U HI T E S. 
 
 diviilc'd into six or seven long, siil)niute, jiuinted, inid rellected 
 stiyniiis. 
 
 PLATE LX. 
 
 ^■1 hranch of tlic nalural s'cc. a. Tlie maJc jliu\:\ h. 'J'hc (if/il<-li/.c 
 drtipc of llic nataral 7)iaf/niladc. c. A Inaoin rsc scclloii of the (Inqte 
 li'iriiif/ uLc cdl.s and one ahortive cdl. d. The. seed, of tin natural niag- 
 niladc. c. 'The kernel, with the inverted cmhrjo of the natural size. 
 
 The poisonous Upas, [Aiitiaris toxkarUt,) bearing solitary, 
 female flowers with two styles : d an unequal drupaceous 
 fruit, thoujiii only of one cell, still ajiproaelies nearer to the 
 anomalous Manehineel, iu this family, than to any plant of the 
 Ar/iiiiirpKi; witli whicli it is so unnaturally associated. 
 
 Akuriku, by its fruit, a two-celled, two-seeded, indehiscent 
 drupe, appears to bo almost intermediate with Antiaris jind 
 Hippomane. Wo are unacipiainted witii tlie structure of the 
 seed in Antiaris; Init tlic ()l)li([uity of the fruit, and its swelliuj^ 
 out in(jre to one side, would seem to indicate tlie presence of 
 two germs. Those poisonous phiiits, as well as the Aleurites, 
 seem to form a natural group, wiiieh furtlier observation nuist 
 decide; if so considered, they iiiight bear tlie name of Ilii'i'o- 
 manEjE, from the well-kno^vn .Manehineel, and will be distin- 
 guished cliielly Irom tlie Kn'iKiHiu.vrE.K by tiieir indeiiisceut, 
 druiiaceous fruit of one or two to seven or more one-seeded 
 cells, in place of three, the characteristic number in Euplior- 
 biaceic. 
 
 The large oily kei'uels of the Aliiirilis fri/oki. known in the 
 Sandwich and Friendly Islands by the name of Too-tooo, are 
 employed by the natives, generally, for light:- pierced witii a 
 skewer, they are lighted like a candle or a torch, and burn well 
 and for ;x long time, giving out a Ijright llame and smoke. An 
 excellent oil is obtained from these nuts by expression, wliicli 
 
A L E U R I T E S. 
 
 21)7 
 
 i.s used for a variety of purposes, and answers well for piiiut. 
 It constitutes, lil<ewise, one of tlio most ornnmental and cliarae- 
 teristic trees of tlie forest, visible at a great distance l)y tlie 
 paleness and whiteness of its verdure, and hence the name of 
 Alcurites given to it hy Forster, from its mealy appearance. 
 It grows rapidly and aiTords a fine shade, producing leaves 
 which resemble those of the Plane Tree. 
 
 F.NI) HI' Vol.. 1. or NUTTAl.I,. 
 
 HTKnKtHTI'F.li HV I.. .iitllNSOS k CO. 
 I'llll.AliKl.l'llH. 
 
■| Jxv-d 
 
 s n ■••'.'■■u cji 
 
^f:i?ggamM 
 
 
 'ir'iPj 
 
 
 r;'-»;- 
 
 "M livnd 
 
 iiir ft'-'' F i ■■.'' '<■'• i' ;• 
 
 ■•fill ■a;ni|n?i,Sv ,,. a.,.] s n ;• u-a i '1 
 
T. 1 R. nnt U S Pop), nt Aj' ru'L.tc, 1»9:, 
 
 Plate III. 
 
 
 Assam Hybrid Tea Plants at Pinehurst. Three and a halk YLAUb Old and LEbb, 
 SHOWING Variation in Size of Leaf and General Vigor of Growth. 
 
I 
 
 ^ 
 
 •| 3iVld 
 
 rem oioi.njuSv i" Ki-io s n i'°<">v ■••I'J 
 
/ 
 
 ^ 
 
 F.b«> R.'pofl, U S D-iM ilAg.cjIu'o. I8«. 
 
 ■;--*■■(..•• '>. 
 
 Plate V. 
 
 «! 
 
 BaWaTRiNG Hemp Plants. 
 
 %V; ■ * 
 
 
 ruar«'^ ^ X*. 
 
 ' lt..»,-li.,.J>liiMI>^MliBiabi 
 
 
t,- i 
 
 ■i 
 
 Fig. 2. Routed Cuttings. LE-aves, and Roots. 
 
 •■sV