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 Ottawa 
 
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 BY 
 
 WILLIAM H. CARRE & COMPANY 
 
 1898 
 
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RlDEAr HALI 
 
 OTTVWA. 
 
 y'^V 1 i -\\\ A is t,.lli(|. and jiistK' so. tlic <jiici-ii of Canadian ritio. On the soutlu-rii liank 
 • oi Canada's sciund larm.-st ri\rr stands the city of Ottawa, tlit- political iai)ital c>f the- 
 
 l)()niinion of Caiiavla. riuri- is no place in this country which i> so ha|ip\. as reyjards site, as 
 the beautiful hiLjh clilts on which stand the Parliament luiildin^s. I'ar as the eye can reach 
 scenes of natural lieauty unsurpassed on the Auieritan continent can be witnesstd. The \aried 
 charms of mcjunlain river and forest are seen to ^re.it ad\ anta^e enhanced as the\ are by the 
 surnnnidin^f triumphs <.>( architectural .^kill. 
 
 Ottawa owes its existence to the Kideau Canal. It was founded bv Col. liv of the Koval 
 
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Hn',nncfrs. (irouiid was hiokcii on the Jist Scplt-mlifr iSjo. Tin- tirst stone of the locks was 
 laid by Capt. I'rankliu k. N.. the ct-lebratcd Arctic cxplon-r on tiie lOth .\ii;,'iist iSj;. Capl. 
 1-ra.iklin had just rctnrnid fr>)ni his tirs» ^.,\d'^i- of exploration on the Mackenzie River and 
 was en route to Xi/u NOrk to <Mnli,irk tor luiudand. 
 
 The city owei nuiclt of its pruj^rus^ to two spt-cia! features: tirst to its heinii t'le luinher 
 centre of the ( )ttawa valley, and secondly to its position as the political capital of th(; Dominion 
 of Canada. I hen* are niaiu' things which add to the ( i\ ii prosjierity of the city of Ottawa. it 
 is the ot'ticial residence of His H.xcellency the Coxernor (.ieneral, the Ministers of the Crown, the 
 |ud<jes of the Supreme Court, the Ci\il .Ser\ice of the Dominion of Canada, and the Staff of the 
 Geolojiical Survey of Canada and is the home <>f the Senators and Members of I'arliament for 
 more than a third of every year. 
 
 Ottawa has no memorial of its soldier-founder. Col, By. .A statue of him should occu|)V a 
 place of honor in Majors llill I'ark. 
 
 The Rideau Cait.d which he constructed was, for nuin\ years, the sole channel for com- 
 merce between Hstovvn and Lake Ontario and was of vast l)enetit to the I'nnince at lar<i;e as well 
 as to the localities directiv int(-rested. 
 
 With the openini^ of rail connection on the front ahjnp: the St, 1-awrence, it naturally 
 became of less importance and the volume of traftic that p.issed through it was considerably 
 lessened: but its usefulness in this res|)ect is still j,freat anil in time of war it would be of especial 
 value. 
 
 In 1S31 Lieut. Col. Houchelte, Surveyor (ieneral, wrote a detailed description of Bytown. 
 1 le says: 
 
 "Bytown. in Nepean, is situated on the Southern bank of the Ottawa, a little below the 
 "beautiful falls o\ the Chandlers, and opposit<- the tlourishino villaj.;e of Hull in Lower Canada. 
 "It st.mds upon a hi^dt and bold eminance surroundin^i Canal Bav, and occupies both banks of 
 "the canal: that part Iviui; to th" east bein'4 '^dled the Lower, and that to the west, from a 
 "superiority of local elevation, the C|.i)er Town, ["he streets are laid out with much regularity, 
 "and ot a liberal width, that will lurc.ifter contribute to the convenience, salubritv and ele<Tance 
 
of llif |»l.iic. rin- luimlptr of lioiis.-, iiou luiilt i^ iiui far -.hnrt ol mic luin<lr<Ml anil tift\, mo>>l of 
 wliii li are i-onstriictrd of wood, frf(|ii'-iitl\ II) a^iylc of inatii"-^-^ ami ' i -^ti- tiial ntlriK ^fn-at 
 •(■rciiit ujioTi the inllallitam■^. On tin- tli-\al<-ii liank-. of the liav. iiu- lios|iilal. an cxtiiisivc -.tont- 
 "liuildiii^', and llirci- stoiir liarr.uk-. stand t on-^iiiiiioiis. and luarlx on a l<\fl with tlicin. v.:n\ on 
 thf faslcrn sic c of tlif liay. is d<-litrlitfiill\ ~,ituati-d the rcsidfii.c of Colon. 1 |{y, the coinniandin^ 
 "l\()>al l-".n^;inc r on tiiat -.talion. 1 roni liis \franda tin- nio^t ^|il<-ndid \ icw is li<lu-ld tliai hv 
 ■nKiv;nititi-nt si ctu-ry of tii<- Catuulas affords. 'l"i\f hold cntraiKi- that t-inhosoin-^ ICntrann- I5ay. 
 "ihi- Inokiii and wild shore-, oppositi-. iM-y<ind u hii h art- sren a part o| tiic lloiiri-.liin4 Mttlrnunt-^ 
 "of Hull, the verdant and |iictiiresi|iie islands lieiwecn lioth hank^. and on asional canoes, i)ar^es 
 ■'and rafts plyini; the Kroad surface of the ( irand River, or descendini.j its tiiiniiltnous stream, are 
 
 ' ihe immediate oiije' t~. tiiat eommand lile lloliee of the lieholder. In remoter per--perti\ (■ the 
 
 "eye dwells Upon a succession of \aried ,md liciutiful hridLfes. ahuttin^r upon jirecipitous and 
 ■'cra^Jy;y rocks and ahrupt islands, between which the \\ater>.ire ur^'ed with wonderful aj,dtatioii 
 "and violence. Hi-yond them, and al>ove their level, the ;,dilterinif surface of the ri\ it is disco- 
 "vered in its descent through the i)roaii and majestic rapid 1 H-s ( henes, until the waters are 
 "(irecipitated in imnu^nse volumes over the \erije of the rock, formiiiLj the falls of the Great and 
 "Little Chaudiere. l-'rom the ahyss into whiih the\ are in\(>Ki(l w ith terrific force, revolviiii^ 
 "columns of mist inrpetualK- ascend in refuli^tent whiteness, and as th(;y descend in sjirav' beneath 
 "a ylouinjj sunshine, frecjuently form a partial, hut hri^ht, iris, that seems triumphantly to o\er- 
 "arch a section of the bridge, ihe landscape of the I'nicjn Briilges, although not taken exactly 
 "from this enchanting spoi, may convey some idea of the scope- and splenclor c:)f the prosjiecrt 
 "which we have attempted hrie-tly to describe, and partly secure to it that admiration to which it 
 "is so richly entitled." 
 
 "The talent e\ inced by Colonid I{\. and the zeal he has displ.iyed in the prosecution of the 
 "great and momentous works intrusted to his professional skill, are strikingK d<-monstrated by 
 tile \ igor with which the operations are ccrried on upon the Rideau (.'anal, and the i-mulation 
 "and spirit that pervade the settlements that have grown out of this stupendous uiulert, iking." 
 
 Between 1S54 and iS5y three local events, one of which possessed national interest, took 
 
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placr. Thfsi- win- thf channf of nanu- from BytDwn ti) Ottawa, a far mort riiphonioiis name: 
 Iter iiuorpuration as a city: anil th«- fiiltillmrnt of the prophecy ma<lf 1>> m) many of ht-r pioneers 
 that six- slioiilil !>(• chosen as tlw capital of rniinl C'aii.iila. In point of site, Ottawa is an iiU-al 
 Capital and it could l)f made a setund (iiliraitar in jtoint of stnii^ih. 
 
 The story of how it came to he that the ncwly-llrdncd cit\ of Ottawa was chosen for metro- 
 politan honors Is familiar to most people, and 1 will only summarize the events which led to this 
 consummation. After the riots in Montreal in iS4(). arid the wilful di'struction of the Parliament 
 House there, it was decided th.it tiie se.it of ( io\ernnieiit should alternate between Toronto and 
 Quebec, and for a number of year-, this plan was carried out. To a superficial observer the 
 adoption of such a method in a < (juntry as Ion;; settled and .is populous as Canada seems extra- 
 ordinary : but to students of the state of party and race feeling at that day, the system appears 
 the only compromise that could allay the jealousy lietween the two provinces. It was carefully 
 consitlered ami adopted in the Ib.usi-of Assembly, and contirme<l by Lord Eljjin after mature 
 consideration. Ne\er was patriotism at so low .m ebb in Canada as at this juncture, and unusual 
 care was essential to brin^ public feeliii;; to a higher and more natural state. The result in 
 this sense was satisfactory, and Karl dres. three years later, was able to point out the improve- 
 ment that had resulted from the adoption of the mi-.isure. But as the public service yrew pro- 
 portionately with the country, the expense and inconveniences of the |)erambulatin^ system 
 became more and more apparent, and at last were felt to be intolerable. A fixed and settled 
 ^estin^; place for the weary representatives and ci\ il servants was felt to be absolutely essential, 
 and the question became a lively feature in Canadian politics. Quebec, Montreal, Kinf^ston and 
 Toronto each claimed the honor, and this with such a decree of warmth that a reference to a 
 hi^h arbitrator became necessary, and. with befitting respect, the Queen was requested to act ; to 
 the lastinj; honor of the ministry of that day -of which the late Sir John .A Macdonald was the 
 real head — a Government Hill was brought before the House, leaving; the decision to the highest 
 of all authorities, the Queen. A senseless opposition was made to this measure by many mem- 
 bers who were in fear and tremblinj,; lest such a step should endanger responsible government. 
 This amusing theory, with the discourtesy and questionable loyalty that accompanied it. found 
 
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 acceptanct* with no less than v m»'mh»Ts, and the ministry was sustained l)v a -.i»niler majority of 
 nine. The formal rc.|iiest wa-^ iherei^Min Mihniitted to Her Ma)<-t\ . .irul iiiid<r datr ■,l■^l I )<i i-m- 
 hir, iS57,the Coloni..! Secretary iiif.irmi-d the t iovernor (iener.il tli.it ( )ttawa was the city selected. 
 riiis dc<i->l>)ii took t!n- rniiiitry l'> surprise, and a violent storm of opi.o-iiioM was >,oiinde<l in the 
 more extreme party slietis. Most n'^jri'lt.il.if of ail, the (jiiein's choii <• was tor iiwliile actually 
 negatived. A motion l)v Mr. I'ii h«'. mtnihir for Hirthier. "That it is the opinion of this House 
 "that the city of Ottawa ou^'ht not to lie the permanent seal of novi-rnnu-nt for tin- Province," 
 was adopted by a majority of 14. I he <iovernment resigned, hut the leaders ot tin- < >pposition 
 wore unable tt) command a majority, and I lis Excellency again placed office at the disposal of 
 Messrs. Macdona'.d and Cartier. During the session of 1859 the subject was again brought before 
 Parliament and finally settled. Mr. M icdonald and his colleagues insisting on the confirmation of 
 Ikr .Majesty's choice. It certainly would have been a gross breach of courtesy— to give it the 
 mililest word -had the Parliament of Canada, after agreeing to submit the question to a final 
 decision by the (Jueen, refused to ixcept \ut t//(//iw as not in accord with the sentiments of the 
 majoritN. It cannot be doubted that the opposition so many members displayed was, to a great 
 measure, due to their subservience to the pressure brought to bear on them by their constituents, 
 who might -if ( )tt;iua were not chosen - have had a chance of the coveted honor being awarded 
 to their own cit>- or district. 
 
 The choice confirmed, no time was lost in arranging for the new buildings. On the 17th 
 May of the same year 11851)1 notices were issueil by the Government asking architects to sub- 
 mit designs for tiie House of Parliament and the Departmental buildings ; of these, the plans 
 for the former by Messrs. Fuller and Jones, and for the latter by Messrs. Stent and Laver. were 
 adopted. Tenders for the work of construction were then called for. Mr. Thomas .McGreevy 
 secured the contract for the Parliament building, and Messrs. Jones. Haycock & Clarke for the 
 public Departments. On the 20th December work began, and on the 26th of the following 
 .April the first masonry was laid. 
 
 In the summer of 1S60 His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales visited Canada, and after 
 spending a few days in Montreal, left for Ottawa on the 31st of .-\ugust. 
 
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 On the next morninjf ahout 1 1 o'tluck. the Prince, ainiilst an immense concourse of peojile, 
 
 duly laid the corner stone ai lh<' I'arlianieiii l)uililiii^'. 
 
 riif foilowinn is rn^raved on tlu- stone : 
 
 The corner stone of this lJuil^lin^,^ intended 
 
 to receive the Lejfislature of Canada, 
 
 was laid by 
 
 Albert Kdward I'rince of Wal^s 
 
 on the 1st September, 
 
 MDLCCLX. 
 
 The I'rince went down the slides in the afternoon on a crib of timber, an exhilaratinjj 
 
 and enjoyable excitement. 
 
 rhe Uuke of Connau^ht, the Cirand Duke .\ie\is, tiie Princess Louise, and nearly every 
 Governor ( K.neral have enjoyed this trip on what ini^jht be aptly termed an aquatic tobogK-^n- 
 
 Of this city about this linie. Anthony IroUoiic, the distinguished English author, writes : 
 
 "To me, I confess, the nature of the situation has great charms, regarding it as a site for 
 "a town. It is mn on a plain, and from the form of the rock overhanging the river, and of the 
 " hill that falls fronj thence down to the water, it has lieen found impracticable to layout the 
 ■■ place in right angled parallelograms. 
 
 Referring to the new buildings, he says : 
 
 " But the glory of the Ottawa will be and. indeed, alreatly is the set of public buildings 
 "which is now being erecte<l on the rock which guards, as it were, the town from the river. 
 " How much of the excellence of these buildings ma> be due to the taste of .Sir lidmund Head, 
 " the late Governor, 1 do not know. That he has greatly interested himself in the subject is well 
 "known; and as the style of the different buildings is so nuKJi alike as to make one w.iole, 
 " though the designs of different architects were selected, and these iliffereiu architects employed, 
 " 1 imagine that considerable alterations must have been made in tlie original drawings. Ihtre 
 " are three buildings, forming three sides of a quadrangle; but they are not joined, 'he \acant 
 " spaces at the corner being of considerable extent. liu- fourth side of the quadrangle opens 
 " upon one of the principal streets of the town. The ce '"r building is intended for the Houses 
 "of Parliament, and the two side builJings for the Government offices. Of the tirsl, Messrs. 
 
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 " pL-asiirc ot nu'i;tin>; an>- of tliesi- >fentl(-iiifii ; Imt I l.ikr upon ni_\>flf to -,a\ that, as rejiard-^ 
 ■'purity of art and manliness of conception, their joint work i-> entitled to tln' very hiyhe>l 
 "praise. How far tiie ImildinLjs nia\ lie well arrani^ed for the r<'(iiiired j)urpc)^e■^, h )\\ tar tlu-y 
 " may be economical in construction, or >pei:iall\ .idajited to the severe climate ;,[ '■►- country. I 
 "cannot say; hut 1 iia\e no hesitation in riskiiii; m> reputation for jiul;.;ment in ^,d\in<i my 
 " \varmt;st comin',"ndalion to them as reif.irds htMiit\ of outline and truthful nohilits ot detail," 
 
 " 1 will not attempt to describe them, for I should intere-,t 'lo one in doiii;,' so. and should 
 "certainl\' fail in m\ attempt to make: an> reailer understand me. 1 kiujw no modern (jothic 
 "purer of its kind, or les-, sullied with littitious ornamentation. Oar own 1 lotise-, of I'arliament 
 " ar(! \'er> line. i)ut it is, 1 believe, ^enerallv felt that the ornamentation i-> too minute; and 
 " n'.oreover. it ma\ be (luestioned whether perpendicular (iothic is cajjable ot the highest 
 "nobility which architecture can aciiieve. I do not pretend lo say that these Lan.idian jiublic 
 " buildinjj;s will reach that hi<|hest nobility. I'hey must l)e tinished before any linal jud^iiKmt 
 "can be jjronounced ; but I do feel ver\- certain that that linal judj^ment will be j^reatly in their 
 " favor. The tola! fronia^^e of the (iuadrani,d(;, includin^^ the side buildiiiirs, is i.joo feet; that 
 "of the centre buildinijs is 475." 
 
 I'he first session of Parliament held in the new buildings was in the year i8')(). This, the 
 first in the new Capital, was the last uiidi-r the oUi regime. 
 
 On the 1st July, iSq;, the confederation of the chief provinces of Uritish North America 
 into one nation was rojally celebrated in our principal cities ; at no place was the great 
 <iay honored more ih.in at Ottawa. At midnight boomed out a truly national salute of loi guns, 
 accomjtanied by the ringing of bells, and the discharge of countless fireworks. On the Ordnance 
 lands opposite the Cathedral blazed up a huge bonfire ; and flags were sinuiltaneou>l\ tlown from 
 «-very -^t.iff in the city. .\t eleven o'clock thi: Mayor proceeded in state to the Cit> Hall and read 
 1 ler Majesty's proclamation calling the Dominion into cvistence ; and this civic cert'nionv was 
 lollowed bv the- more nati<jnal oneof the swearing-in of Lord .Monckasthelirst Ciowrnordeneral 
 of the new Canada. A brilliant military review was the ne.xt event ; the troops marched past. 
 
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tired a Jrii-i/(-joii\ and ^i\.\( cheers. thr;e tiiius tlirec, for the <_>iieeii, tlie Doininioii of CaiKulu. 
 and the (iovernor Ciencral. A j^t.-neral ilhiiii'.iiation of llie city in general, and of the I'arii^'uent 
 huiidinj^s in particular, wen- the closing,' evt'nts of tiiis eventful day. 
 
 Ihe residence of the (iovernor General is in a deniense formerly called Rideau Ilall 
 and owned by the late ll(jn. i liomas McKay. Ihe residence is a shapeless jumble of 
 buildings. i)ut the ;^rounds surroundintr the residence, about 78 acres in e.\tent, are well laid out 
 with beautiful trees and roadways and are situated on a hij^h plateau ."rom which a commanding 
 \iew of Ottawa can be had. If the oKl house had ijeen removed and a n'^w structure erected 
 worthy of Canada's X'iceroy, and similar to the one in Melbourne, Australia, money would have 
 been saveil. 
 
 It is anything but creditable to Canada, as one of the most populous and wealthiest of the 
 lands that make uj) "Great Britain, " that the representative (^f the Crown shoukl be obliged to 
 leave a stately home beyond the seas to occupy here an incongurous mass of patched up buildings 
 of conglomerate architecture. 
 
 The distinguished noblemen who have occui)ied tjovernment House since Confederation 
 
 in i.S()7 are as folhnvs : 
 
 Sir John N'oung, \'iscount Monck. afterwards Lord Lisgar. 
 
 The Karl of Dufferin. 
 
 The Marquis of Lome. 
 
 rhe Marquis of I.ansdowne. 
 
 The Earl of Derl)\. and the present distinguished occupant. 
 
 The Earl of Abertleen. 
 
 Rideau Ilall was originally liuilt !>>• the Honorable Mr. .McKay, mentioned above, who 
 was one of the tirst settlers near I'ytown. lie was a nati\e of Scotland and a man who owed 
 his success to hard work, energy and business .ability. 
 
 During the past ten years (Jttawa has made great progress in population and in the rapid 
 building up of the city, its architectural embellishment and in all branches of ct)mmerce. There 
 are several features which |)Iace Ottawa in the forefront. Its magnificent system of water works, 
 the best and purest in the w hole Dominion, her electric lighting, cheaper and more efficient than 
 
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 the priiie of the people of the Capital ; it is 30 miles in length, well equipped and is run both 
 winter and summer without interruption and is both comfortably heated during; the cold 
 season and lighted at all seasons by electricity. 
 
 The Government of Canada employ the electric cars to carry Her Majestj's mails from 
 the station to the general post office. This is a great convenience, being both a saving in time 
 and labor. "r^ ■■• 
 
 Ottawa was the first city in Canada to use electricity for this particular purpose. 
 
 When C^ttawa was made the seat of Government great responsibilities were thrown upon 
 her but she has well and commendably borne them. 
 
 The centre of municipal life is the City Hall on City Hall Square. It was erected in 1875 
 at a cost of about $90,000.00 and answers admirably the present wants of the city. 
 .' Other large public buildings are the University of Ottawa, the Court House, the Basilica, 
 
 the Lange-in Block and many others There are eleven banks in the capital, and they have all 
 large and commodious premises, princip^il'v situated on Wellington street. 
 
 Ottawa is a city full of Churc ' - ; the story of the growth of the various religious bodies 
 in Bytown and Ottawa is the same old story, " from small acorns great oaks grow." Beautiful 
 buildings dedicated to the worship of Almighty God beautify and adorn every district of this 
 beautiful metropolitan city. ' , 
 
 Time is working changes on Ottawa : from a long straggling ill-built village in a half a 
 century it has become lovely beyond a dream. The s'te is so peculiarly happy that I cannot 
 recall any place to e.xcel it. 
 
 Ottawa is the Edinburgh of .America. The Earl of Dufferin said of it, " Fail jity ! 
 Crown of Towers." 
 
 The Castle of Edinburgh stands very well, but then, like many other castles, it stands on a 
 summit by itself and can only be approached by a steep ascent. 
 
 The public buildings at Ottawa, though they look down from a grand eminence immedi- 
 ately e^n the river, are approached from the town without any ascent. The rock, although it 
 
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 tlescL'iuls almost precipitously down to the wattT, is covered with trees and shrubs, and then the 
 river below which has l)een likened to the far-famed Hudson, is rapid, bright and picturesque in 
 the irregularity of all its lines. The view fror. the rear of the Library up to the Chaudiere 
 I'alls, and the islands beyond, and away off to the sombre Laurential hills, is lovely and beautiful 
 beyond expression. No word painting can adequately describe how nature has so bountifully 
 spread out her scenic treasures for the pleasure of the human eye. 
 
 The Library is an octagonal building, and in outward shape and character resembles the 
 Chapter house of a Cathedral. It contains about 160,000 volumes, and is well worthy of a visit 
 by the; literary man, the tourist c.d the sight seeker. 
 
 The great increase of the official business of Canada since Confederation necessitated the 
 building in 1883 of a new departmental block, and this is situated on the south side of Welling- 
 ton Street, facing Parliament Square, and is known as the Langevin Block. It is a large, massive 
 building of grey sandstone, with pillars of red Canadian granite supporting the arches of the 
 windows. 
 
 Ihe Government Printing Bureau am! the Geological Museum are institutions belonging 
 to the Capitol. The latter is an unpretentious old stone buikling outside, but inside it is stored 
 with one of the finest tJeologic.1l and Mineralogical collections on the continent of America. It 
 was founded by Sir William Logan away back in the fifties. At his death it was directed by Dr. 
 Selwyn, C. .M. (i., for many years. Since the latter's superannuation, the chief director is Dr. G. 
 M. Dawson C. M. (1., one of the best known scientists in the Dominion. The Geological Survey 
 has rendered and is rendering immense service to the whole of Canada in the line of developing 
 and (exploring her vast mineral resources. 
 
 In the vicinity of Ottawa and throughout the whole Ottawa valley there is a great mineral 
 country. Near the capital there are large deposits of iron ore, anil when the tlirough water 
 route (now so much talked of) is opened up along the Ottawa. Mattawa. Lake Xipissing and 
 l-"rench River to Georgian Bay, the immense water power distributed over the whole route will 
 produce electrical energy for smelting purposes, and make the valley of the Ottawa the work- 
 shop of America. In the Ottawa District other minerals are to be found in great abundance. 
 These are gold, silver, iron, nickel, lead, copper, plumbago, phosphate, mica, manganese, heavy 
 spar, gypsum, marble, and in fact, almost e\ erything except coal. 
 
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Ir st'cins oiiK a few >car> >\\\n- Ottawa posst-^snl Imi one sliort rail\va>. Ndu it is a full- 
 fl(><ly;f(i rail\\a> ('ciurf. I iicv radi.il'- in t\ crv- (iircition. iiDrlli, soutli. i-.ist ami wi-^l, ami tliert* 
 arc inort' to follow. \\ i- arc salt- in the a-.-^frti<)ii that no i it)- in ( anatla ha>. made Micli n-mark- 
 ahlc and rapid -strides of late a-- the cit\ of Ottawa has done in the way of raiKva\ development. 
 I here is alsi.' i)lcndid i onuniuiicatioii hy water troni Montreal in the i-asi. and Ironi Kin;^>ton in 
 the west ')\ the Rideau Canal, thronj^h the lar-fatiied Rideau Lakes: now a fa\<)rile report for 
 lonrist^. ( 'tlaua i> the ha|)|i\ possessor of ijreat n.itural ad\antai,'es which niu^t make it. in the 
 near future, a lar)j;e. llourishinj,' and populous cit>. That it will he a liu^y centre for inanulactur- 
 iny purpose-^, cannot he denied. Il> ^jjleiidid water power K)cation and its varied and illimitable 
 resources point unmi^takalily to a day near at hand when it will hecoine the " Manchester of 
 Canada." .\Ireadv. without much effort on its part, the city (jf ( )ttawa is -••..-actini.t the attention 
 and earnest coiisideratiiJii of cai)italists as a fa\(jral)le and .emunerative location for manufactur- 
 iu!,' ,ind other liusine>'^ pur|)Oses. 
 
 Ottawa's (hief attraction is. l)ey(jnd all douht. the I'arliament Huildinj,'. Here the repre- 
 sentatives of the peo|)le, the Commons, annually meet, and here also is assembled at the same 
 time, the Senate the Canadian House of Lords. 
 
 It i^ a j^rand and nol)le structure, 472 feet lon<.j and risim.; to a hei>rht of iSo feet to the 
 summit of the central tower. The dejHh of the liuildiiiij from the entrance to the rear of the 
 Library is about 570 feet. Its distance from Wellington Street and its ^reat altitude from the 
 river gives it an unusual "grandeur, ami makes it e.\tremely imposing. 
 
 I have already described the Library. It is an architectural gem, and is worthy, and more 
 than worthy of all the enconiums that have bt.-en passed upon it. The quadrangle or square is 
 kept in perfect order, but to the artistic eye is disappointing in the absence of statues or other 
 appropriate national memorials. 
 
 In i86q H. R. 11., the Duke of Connaught (then I'rince .\rthun, who had come to Canada 
 to join his battalion ol the Ritle Brigade, paid a visit to Ottawa, and was received with the 
 utmost enthusiasm. The state ball gi\en in his hoiijr by the two Houses of Parliament was 
 one of the most magnitlccnt affairs of the M)rt e\er held in the country. ()\er two thousand 
 persons attended; and the presence of the most distinguished persons in Canada gave singular 
 brilliancy to the scene. 
 
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riu- Ottawa valle)' is ricli in a^iricuiimal rt-sourcf^. It i-^ a well known fact that no liner 
 wheat fields can he found in any portion of tiie older Provinces tlian those t-xistinj^ in this ricii 
 and fertile section. In Ottawa there exists an institution whicli confers many im[)ortant henetits 
 upon tlie farming i(>ninumit>- tlirou^hout the Dominion, namely, the M.vperimental I-'arm. Legis- 
 lative authority was obtained in 1SS7 for the establishment of live (Government E.xperimental 
 Farms in various i)arts of th<' Dominion. The first step taken wa~. the ])urchase of five lumdnd 
 acres of land outside the cit>- of Ottawa, upon which has been established the Central Farm. It 
 occupies a fine commanding position about two miles from Ottawa, and in summer can be 
 re;'.ched by boat, carria^a- or electric cars. The director, under whom was placed the control of 
 all the e.xperimental farms throu^'hout the Dominion, resides on the farm ; also the ajrricultural 
 and dairy commissioner, the entomoloj,nst and botanist, the chemist, the horticulturist and 
 the poultry mana«,rer. Tliere is a iaboratorj fitted with the best a|)pliances for the purpose of 
 testinjf soils, fertilizers, etc.. Mid for makinj.j anal\ses generally, and there is a department for 
 testing the vitalit\- of seeds. 
 
 The entomoloijist mvestij^ates such insect i)ests as are fouml most injurious to farm crops, 
 makinjj; trial of various insecticiiles and methods of treatment with a view to checkin^i and 
 preventinif ravages and the result of his in\ estii,Mtioiis is made known for the benefit of the 
 public. In a word the work undertaken is that of conductinji researches and verifying the 
 experiments designed to test the relative value of the different breeds of stock, examining into 
 scientific and economic (juestions of dairying, testing the merits and adaptability of new or 
 untried varieties of wheat and other cereal field cro()S, grasses, fruits and vegetables, shrubs ami 
 trees and ilisseminating samples of such jjroduce as are considered especially worthy of intro- 
 duction. 1-^xperiments are conducted in the ])lanting of trees for timber and for shelter. 
 especially fruit trees adai>ted to the varielx of climate in different parts of Canada and general 
 experiments and researches bearing on agricultural industry. 
 
 Journalism in Ottawa has been attended with more than the usual proportion of vicissi- 
 tudes. The first sheet which gave the news of the day, or week, to the Bytonians was the 
 Iiyto-ii.ni IndcpendtHt. It was ct)n(Uuted by James Johnston, and the editor's introductory remarks 
 are ver\ amusing. Its <late was J4th I'ebruary, iS;6; its politics, Reform. \ ery few numbers 
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were- issii<'(l. ;iii<l on thf uth of |im<- in the same year appeared a stron;,' Tory origan, tin- />yto7c'n 
 (iazittc, editrd 1>\ I )r. Christir iforinerly of tl)r Montreal //mil,/] in a rfmarkaMy al)l«- manner. 
 The leadin<: articles often \ is^'orniisly advocated a confederation of tlie H. X. A. Provinces, and 
 the claims of l^ytown a-- the capital of the to-he-united Canada. After Dr. Christie's death the 
 Cixzettc chan«:eil liands fn'C|u<'ntly. and linaily suspended. In 1S4J the Otlii:,;t .\dv<Hiiti- was 
 established hy Uawson Kerr. l)Ut its existence was very brief. The Packet was the ne.\t in the 
 held, its hrst is-,ue beinir in 1^42; it wa-.. in 1S4S. merged into the Cilizcit, just five years in 
 advance of its le-^al rij^du to tliat title In the- same year 1 1S4.S) the Moiianliist wa- sMrted. and 
 continued for six years, after which its name was chanijed to the Union. Then came t!ie Omii^zc 
 Lily, Lc Pioi^ns. the Guhniian Militaiy Giizcttc. and the Tribune which afterwards lost its 
 identity in the f'nion, living' for some time. In iS^S came the Banner; in 1S64 its name was 
 changeil to the Daily News which livetl about 10 years longer. A <,'reat number of other sheets 
 have been commenced, flickered for varyinir periods, and died. The only one worth s[)ecial 
 mention is the Times (1865-781 a very creditable paper, which succumbed in a year of remark- 
 able depression, and when the tinancial strain on ail cl.'isses was unusually <?reat. Ottawa now 
 boasts four dailies, the 0//r<v/ '1S441 Free Press (1S601 Journal (1885 1 and Le Canada. (18791. 
 The people of the Capital are as a whole, a reading class; and the best journals of the day 
 there find sale and hearty appreciation. 
 
 The Rideau Club is the first social Club started in Ottawa. It was founded in 1S65 and 
 received a charter on the iSth of September, in the same year. 
 
 The first Committee of Management had as Chairman the late Right Hon. Sir. John A. 
 Macdonald (then Hon. j. A. Macdonaldi and one of the members of that Committee was Mr. H. 
 V. Noel, now President of the Club, and who was also a member of the first Executive Com- 
 mittee: the Hon. j. .\. Macdonald being chairman, and Messrs. John Ashworth and Robert 
 Sinclair, Hon. Treasurer and Secretary reepectively. At that time the Club occupied the present 
 Royal Exchange building on Wellington street, where it remained for nearly six years, after- 
 wards moving to quarters built for it on Wellington street adjoining the old Queens Hotel, and 
 on the site of which the Langevin block now stands. Al)Out this time several prominent 
 members of the Club, with a view to building a permanent Club house, formed an association of 
 
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 the Cliil) was iiistalleil in •.iu- pn-sciu Ijiiildin^; wliicii is sitiiatc-d at the corner of Metcalfe and 
 Wellinj^ton street-,, facinif liie Parliament Iniildinj^s. With a cliarinint,' view of the Laiirentian 
 1 nil-, in the distance, a better site for .1 ciuh house could n<it lia\e been selected. 
 
 In re«,'ar<i to Hotel accommodation Ottawa is amply supplied. The Russell stanils in the 
 front rank. Mr. 1'. X. St. Jaciiues is the I'rince of Hotel Ke<pers in the Dominion. His Hotel 
 is known from the Atlantic to the I'acilic, as the "I'alace H(jlel ^)i Canada." Royalty an<l 
 Xobility have i)atronized the House and it has often been remarked that in the rotund. i of the 
 "Russell" there is ofti-n more political discussion than in the Hou-,e of Commons. Other Hotels 
 are the Granil I'nion, Windsor and Cecil, all of which .ire alive to the wants of the travelinj^ 
 l)ublic. nothing aids more effectively to the eves of visitors and tourists than desirable and home- 
 like Hotel accomo<lations. 
 
 The Educational establishments of (Ottawa stand in the front rank. 
 
 l"he Capital is the se.it of the University of Ottawa, it was established in 1S47 by Bishop 
 Guiges. the lirst C.uholic Bishop of Bxtown. I'lie Re\. i'ather Tabaret was the tirst rector. He 
 was a man of immense eners.jy ami remark.djle administrative ability, the Colle;,re was created a 
 Universit\- by .Act of Parliament, passed in 1866. 
 
 The Presbyterian Ladies' College, the Harmon Ladies' School, the Normal and .Model 
 Schools are all worthy of the beautiful cit\ which contains them, and are in every way worthy of 
 the Capital of a great Dominion. It is a matter of surprise that more has not been written on 
 Ottawa's past and future. Its local history is intensely interesting, very few of the pioneers of 
 B\i(j\\n remiain, so no time should be lost in noting all obtainaiile reminiscences. 
 
 1 he Rideau lulls, situated about one mile eastw.ird from the centre of the cit\, and 
 formed by the dividing branches of the Rideau River, are exceedingly beautiful cascades. 
 Durmg the period of high water in spring these falls tumble down a rocky ascent of between 
 forty and lifty feel, are singularly grand and picturesque. 
 
 The River Ottawa, into which tht- Rideau and liitineau Ri\ers fall close to Ottawa, is a 
 grand .md beautiful river "^ -very point of view. While resembling the Rhitu- in length of 
 course and the 'Danube in magniti'le its most prominent characteristic is its great volume. It 
 
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 will lend itst'lf r'-adil\- to the inforination of om- of iIk most pcrfitt s\stcin-^ of inlaiui naviga- 
 tion <in the i^lohc. 
 
 The Union of the different l'ro\ince^ in British .North Anieriru into the honiu^enioiis 
 whole, as the Dominion of Canada, was a niasterl\- stroke and \\a> brought ahout l>y an astute 
 statesman, the late Right lionorahh .'mp John MacDunald and tither yreat men associated with 
 hiin. 
 
 Scattered Pro\inces are imiled together and one solid country effecteii on the No'-thern 
 half of the American Continent, so that we can now ■i.iy in the heautifiil words ot 
 
 Longfellow : 
 Sail on. O Union, strcjn^,' and Lrreat, 
 1 lumanity with all its fears, 
 W ith all the hopes of future years 
 Is hanging breathless on thy fate. 
 
 (Ottawa added to her gn atness and dignity in 1S67 l>y becoming the Cajjital of the Con- 
 federated Dominion. Since then her (joputation has steadily increased, she is in her seventeeth 
 year now, with the- i)opuiation of Hull, which is practically a suburb of the political metropolis, 
 added to hers, she has as many thousand inhabitants as she is years old. 1 1 the value of her 
 assessments her custom returns, her imports and e.xports, her increased wealth and population, 
 she is making a record amongst cities of the Dominion. 
 
 The country surrounding the city presents unri\alled and una[)ijroachable attractions to 
 the naturalist, sight seeker anil s|H)rtsnian. It is an acknowledged fact that sportsmen from all 
 countries who have shot and tished in the Ottawa i^istrict, speak of it as a perfect '" Sportsman's 
 Paradise" and the wonderful recorded achievements with rod and gun confirm this. Ihe best of 
 trout and bass fishing are always obtainable at the Rideau Lakes and in the (iatineau region and 
 the same places abound in black duck and [lartridge. In the proper season moose, cariboo and 
 <ieer swarm in the woods both here and on the upper Ottawa. 
 
 Two railways have recently been Ijuilt. known as the Ottawa. Armprior and Parry Sound 
 and the (.iatineau \'alley Railway, which open up two stretches of country that will I'e \ery dear 
 to the heart of every sportsman. Nothing can surpass the wildness of the rapids and chutes, 
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nor can anythin;i: lit- more i)!rtiir<'S(|ii.- and licautifiil tlian llic mountain valleys and lakes of the 
 I '|i|"r ( )tta\v.i ami (iatineau region. 
 
 I hat Ottawa in tlir near mtv near liiturc will \<i- a ■,'reat and populous centre ;joes 
 \s ithoiit saying'. 
 
 its traiisd'ndent water pow er, ina;;iiilicent loiation and it-. ^Teat and abounding natural 
 resources, t(j^'i'ther with the unexampled facilities afforded for reaihin^' all parts of the Doniin- 
 ion l>y tile niiinheriess railways and waterways trui\ \erif> tiiis prediction. liie city of t)ttana 
 lias many ad\antai;es. natural and adjuired. and the enterprise of its people point unmistakably 
 to til' hii,diest and liest r(;sulls. and to the cit\'s liroail expansion into a vast and prosperous 
 metropolitan district, comhinini; within its area and broad radius everythin>i needful to its 
 unabiding prosperity- and proj,'riss in the future. 
 
 Ottawa's position as an imj.ortant social, educational, commercial, judicial ant! political 
 centre is. bexond a doubt na\ , it is assured, ,ind winn cultivated to the full, and with all its 
 cumulative advanta>,'es. they must lead to iiif,dier and ^rrcaier results. 
 
 Since ( )tt.iwa became tlir Capital of Canada siie has well borne her civic responsibilities 
 in all branches ot municipal life; ii<r growth has beet-* steady and of a permanent and substantial 
 character. She has .i Ine bri^Mde and a tire alarm s\stem. ti^lepiiones, gas and electric li-,dit 
 works, police b)rce and public ami se|>arate schools, which are all fully up to the standard of the 
 present daw 
 
 Her water works are the joy. the comfort and the pride of the people of Ottawa: they 
 are the most complete of their kind that can be dtvised. The !)ower is suppji.-d by water 
 brought from the river alu.ve tiie Ch.iudiere balls, through a channel (|uarried out of the .-.olid 
 rock across the Chauiliere Mats. 
 
 rhe wheelhousc. wherein the machinery (.f the system is. at the corner of Duke and 
 Wellington Streets, is a massive and ornate structun? of cut limestone. Ail its surrounilings. as 
 well as the britlges crossing the waterworks channel at the various streets crossed by it. are solid 
 arches of liressetl limestone, and of pleasing design and commodious width. The machinery 
 tself is of the most improved construction and admirable workmanshi]). and is capable of sup- 
 plying about nine million of gallons of water ever J4 hours. 
 
The co^f (if titr whole -.y-'tcm was $1,014,000. divi.k-tl .i'. Inllow-,: 
 
 \\ ,it«r piiurr. u liitllmux-, t-tc $ 2i^,ooo 
 
 l'iim|)in^' in;i( liiiicry bo.ooo 
 
 Distriliiitiim 420,000 
 
 Fire alarm -_,joo 
 
 Kii^'inecrin^' 40.000 
 
 Financial ami li.md ( iiaryes 172,000 
 
 extras 100,000 
 
 lotal .S: .14,000 
 
 I li<- tire .il.irin systt-m i> ailmir.iliif, Irom t-acli station an clft-tric wire soinuis a Iji 11 at the 
 wheeihouse, whtrc the nuixiimnn i)rf-,siire is instantly applit-d. under which stream-, can be 
 thrown over the hiy;hest luiildinns in the city. 
 
 1 iiis. in l«rief, is a sketi h ol Canada'.-, ])olitical Capital. 
 
 I k.iow of no site in tiie hroad world wiiich would make one so hap[)y as regards beauty, 
 eminence and i,'randeur. and f.ir .is the eye can see there is a varied charm of mountain, river 
 and forest scenery. 
 
 Ottawa IS ti-.e chief city of Britain's nearest and greatest colony. The Dominion of Canada 
 is the "ri),'ht arm of England. " so beautifully expressed by that tireat statesman and patriot, the 
 late Sir (ieorjje Cartier. 
 
 The words of the poet are true of this Canada of ours, as they are of every other colony 
 under the sway of Britain's Queen. 
 
 "bar as the breeze can bear the billows' foam. 
 
 Survey our I'mpire and behold our Home." 
 r 
 ; The Canadian people, from the broad .Atlantic to the calm Pacific, are imbued with feel- 
 ings of the strongest faith in the future of their country, and fully realize the words of the poet: 
 
 "There's a spot of land supremely blest. 
 A dearer, lovelier spot than all the rest. 
 Thinking as patriots do, where ere they roam. 
 Ihat land my country, and that spot my home. "