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K,.v..K, „„„.,nnn, S.u„Ks. „K,.M„Kn. ,.,>. .^:-. ■-%;r.>-^ :-.'ai"-->r-vy-"^>'^'?"v ■-nx'-r7'-7T-^^;::-5iSi^r-i'-:.^^' i^^a^o^^sis^j^i^^: f>:„>..,. CANADA DEPARTMENT OF MINES Miim BJiAiroH lion. W. TiHpuiiAN. MiNurUi A. V. Ia>w, I,I,.U., Dwbtt UiKum: Edmki IIuhil, Ph.D., Diik-oi. HE PORT INVKSTIGATIOX ELECTRTC STTAKr FURNACE t: HI! AT A. Kol.l.T .■niituiiiliiK Fit;-. » and .'. in Invn tr.nivf, rr. ,1 to the .■till nf till- |{,|,„rt; for tlic irrc.it.T CMnvcniiiirc ,,f n ii,|,r«. ■■ V\u. :!." piinc 10. liur li from Imttnm: nn,/ Flu. l'. Btrtctor of' Alines OTTAWA PRINTED BY C. 11. I'AKMEI.KK, I'RINTKR TO THK KI.\(;'S MO.ST K.\CKLI,K\T .MA.IK.srY litO'.t N'o. .{y 374^—1 ***• - ■* ' '- <.j..-'-.-»-y«'»\ ~ ■ \-' rz"' :^s2m: ar ... .T^'i fr.,., I) E V A It T M K N T OF MINKS aninBi aiiAiroH lion. W. TiiiMjr«»!«, MiNKfu^ X. ■•. Um. I.I.I) IipruTt Mixivrni EoMm IImku.. Ph.D., Diucrot. HKI'OKT IXVn^STKiATlOX ELECTRIC 811 A K1^ FURNACE I)OM^'AHFVi;r, SWKDEX i: re. liV EUGENE HAANEL, Ph.D., Dir>ilor of Jtiinea OITAWA I'KINTKI) liY C. H. I'AKMKLKK. I-KINTKK T(J THK K1N(;S MO.ST K.\(.KI>LKNT MA.IIvSFY imnt >ro. .'fj 74S— 1 ^^^•^H w^^^^'w».>^;.:!^■ r^:v^^ ; - ^tu;^i,l =*•-'. -1 V--.- : -■.. ' LETTER OF TKAX^.MITTAL. To the lion. William Templeiiax, ll.r., ^Minister of Mines. Sir— I have the lionour to sul.mit li«r<\vith. a report on my investigation of th(i Electric Shaft Furnace desijfncd and erected hy the Aktiebohiget Electro- nietall at Domnarfvet, Swe.len; and since ekrtrodes and charcoal are necessary materials for the electric smelting of iron ores, chapters have been added, descriptive of the manufacture of electrodes, and of the latest types of charcoal furnaces; together with aj.pendices on the progress of electric smelting in Norway and Sweden. I have tlie honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, (Signed) EUGENE IIAAXEL, Dim-tor of Mines. 374s— li ,--j^ru^^ ^:ff:''WSIS^' mmm^ ^m CONTENTS Paht I. Pack. Introduction 7 Evolution of the Electric Shaft Furnace 8 Description of Plant 10 Description of Electric Shaft Furnace 14 Raw materials used 1(5 Heating of the furnace 17 Power supplied to the furnace 17 The trial run 17 Analyses of pip iron produced 18 Electrical measurements 1!) Technical objective of trial run 21 Deductions from observations oo Comparative cost of production 22 Part II. Electric oteel furnace 24 Abstract of Swedish patent specifications 2i Part III. Factory for making carbon electrodes 27 Raw materials 29 General arrangement of work? 29 Coarse crushing plant 30 Fine crushing plant 3q Tar heatinp: 30 Coal, and tnr mixiiitr 3q Presses, and pumping plant .30 Mendheim's Gas Kiln 30 Estimate of necessary expenditure, and working costs 31 Electrode machinery 31 Total cost of factory 3I Labour -^o Yearly expenses 30 Part iV. Modern methods of charcoal making — Kiiiis 33 Tunnel ovens 34 Iron retorts gj Shaft furnaces 35 Appendix 1 37 " " 38 (Continued.) yi^'H-smf.-^ IL I, rSTK ATIO.XS piioTnr.RAriis. Plato T. Ooiiornl view of Kloi-trii- Shaft Fiiniaoo nt Dipmnnrfvot. SwClleil FRdNTNI'lFfK Plato II. irarliinory fnr pcnoriitin^ clcotriral owrjsy 10 Plato TIT. Electrical instniiiicnt-; and wheels for controllinpr clcctroilo^. . . . 1" Piatt "I\ FifT. ]. FifT. .> Fie. •), Fijr. i. Fip. r>. Fip. ti. Fig. i . Fijr. s. Fiff. 0. FiK. 10. DRAWINGS. . Electric Stool Fnrnaci> 25 Oonoral avraiip:i>ineiit of >iiiellinfr plant at Doiiniarfvct. SwimIoh. ... 11 T)iat;ram of switehhoanl in seneratinp station 1- Diafrram of electrical eontrollinfr in^tnnncnts 1-1 Electric Shaft Furnace: secti'inal elevation 1-1 I'lan : with shaft and electrodes removed 14 Eloctnxlo fai'tory : troiieral arraimement -^ t'harcoal kiln ■••5 iron retort -'l ■' tunnel oven •••' shaft fnrnace 30 ^^i zaWBiEES i^MV^^'t:.::.;^^^ T EEPOHT jeet of e>tabli>lung the feasibility of economically >meltin{; Canadian magnetic iron t.rcs comparatively high in sulphur, hut free irom ninngancse; and using ehareonl as the reducing agent. A-s a result of these exiierimeiits, the electro-metallurgy of the reduction <,f refractory iron ores without the u^e of coul or coke fuel was established; and— as far as could be expected from a >mall, experimental furnace— the output of pig i.-on per electrical horse-power y.ar, determined. iMoreover, based upon the experience thus gained, certain fundamental changes and improvements, neces- sary i„ the construction of an econnmie electric furnace in the future, were suggested;' in order to render it suitable for the production of pig iron on a commercial scale. Although the Canadian experiments of l!tu,-|-t!, proved entirely successful— as rigards the special objects aimed at; and while considerable interest in the reduction of iron ores by the electro-thermic process was manifested at the time, no additional experimentation of any significance has been undertaken in' Canada, along (he lines suggested in the :\Iines Branch report; to ensure the commercial success of electric smelting. In Sweden, however, where the condi- tions governing tlie economical use of the raw materials necessary for an iron industry arc viTy similar to. and in nuiuy r.-pects identical with, those existing in several of tlie provinces of the Dominion of Canada, the imiwtanco of an 1 Report on Electric SiiultiiiB i;x|>eriinent> at Sault SU-. Marie, Out., 190:7 p. 92. 7 _9i W' m^asm:k&':^QiM^^^^:i 8 eccmoniio. commrreial, ilictric smoltiiiR proocss was fully realized by thre young Swedish enpinwrs son,., two years ago. These engineers: viz.. Assa Gronwall. Axel Lindblad, and Otto Stalhaue-stimulated by the successfu re.sults of the work done at Snult Ste. Marie-undertook to solve the problem o designing and constructing a commercial electric furnace. Inasmuch as the electro-metallurgy of the reduction of iron ores had beei cstal.hshed by the Canadian experiments, these Swedish inventor, concentrate, their entire efforts in an attempt to solve the practical, commercial problem along the lines suggested in the official report' (p. 92). In carrving out thei pan-; to a successful issue, they were ably assisted by the ironmaster, of Sweden who manifested great interest in this question. Special assistance was renderec by the able, and far-sighted director-E. J. Ljungberp. and the vice-director- Lnrs \ngstrora. of the larp.st an.l most influential industrial comp^nv in Sweden : the " Stora Kopparberps B, rgslags Aktiebolag." The inventors made an agreement with this company, and the " Trafikaktiebolapet Grangesborp- OxeOsund" (owners of the largest iron ore depo.sit.s in Swe.ien), to carry on smelting experiments on a large scale at the Domnarfvet iron works. In order to concentrate their uiulivided attention on this problem the inventors formed a company called the " Aktiebolaget Electrometall." to which the patent rights were assigned. Evolution- of the Elkctric Shaft Fi-hnack. The construction of tlio specially designed electrical machincrv, and the preliminary work necessary for the construction of the furna.'c were commenced April. 1900; and towards the end of that yenr-when the installation of the electrical machinery and high tension cables, etc., was completcd-the construc- tion of the first electric shaft furnace was begun. This furnace was put in operation April, 1907. and from that time experiments were continuously carrie,! on and improvements made: the daily experience thus pained being utilized in successive chanpes in design and reconstruction towards perfection. All experimentation was conducted along scientific lines, and has yielded a rich fund of useable knowledge and instruc- tive data as follows: (1) on the construction and operation of electric furnaces; C') on the conductivity and other characteristics exhibited by materials when subjected to high temperature; (;!) „„ the qualities of the refractory lining materials, and (4) on the most suitable manner of designing au.I .•onstructing the masonry of the furnaces. In addition to this, different methods of supply- ing the current, and various eontn.'t devices, etc., were tried and tested. In these initial steos, the experimenters -as in the case of the furnace employed at Sault Ste Marie-the consumption of charcoal was large: vi^.. 4G0 kilograms per metric t n of pig iron produced. A considerable portion of this charcoal was co„rmed a the top of the open shaft, and the gas escaping from the furnace consiL Zel w h t:T'' '"°"r''- • "^"^^' --''^-«-«- the excellent ;;; obtained with this furnace, the inventors conceived that by vtilizing the waste .ases. even more economic results could be attained. con'caueuZdec ded ! construct^a^new one of larger capacity, with „ Higher an^ mlt!^ inventors tendered the writer an invitation ^ Z s fsb t ttltrtTtl ! Place early in December. Although little rain had fallen up to th t me hln to carrj on the contemplated experimental triak. Soon after receiving the invitation. I received official instructions to proceed 10 Kmoroiisly nllowid the iiw of power to op tlic fiirnaco for twelve days. Thij eoiicc Ksioii. A\hiil'. ditiiilid eoiisiiUriilile iliecpiiveiiieiice in the peiieriil opern- tions of thf> Steel plant, sliows the (frcnt imporlanee nttiiehcit to the solution of this nietiilliirBienl |)rohl(ni liy nun competent to jiii|»fe. Till' inventors iiifomied uic, JKjwiver, thut liiey did not expect entirely satisfactory residts lu-i re>rard.-i the output of iiig iron per electrical horsi'-jxiwei year, since a fiirnace of this sizi' could not possibly arrive at its normal working condition in the short time nliowc>d for the test; inasmuch as the walls are so thick that it takes a eomparatively lonjr time to heat them entirely throiigh ; and accelerntion trate the commercial fea-ihility of the furnace, and to prove whether nniform working without disturbance could be expected. DESCRIPTION Ol- THK PLANT. The experimental plant ( L'i^'. 1) was instalhd in an old buildin,;; adjoinini,' the ba.-ic licsscnier converter lioU>e. The machinery, wliich was specially designed and constructed for the exiuTJmental trials, consists of a three-phase synchronous motor of about 000 horse-jiower, siijiplicd with a current of 7.000 volts, and (10 ].eriods, fmni a three- I)liase cable line in the iron wcu'ks. This motor i- directly eouiilid to a thrco- ])hasf' peiierator, wliieli supplies current of L'."> periods, mljustable to between ;!00 and l.i'OO volts, throu^-'i small intervals to the transfor;:ier.- erected in the immediati' vicinity of the furnace. ]!y means of this exten.-ive ref.'ulatli.n it is jxissiblc to det' rmine the most stiitabic voltafTO to be employed with furnaces of different construction, and o].eratint; under various conditions. The fields of botli the synchron us motur and tie,' generator are fed with current at a tension of 220 volts, from a direct current generator, 20 kw. cajiacity, directly couided to the system. For starting the system a three-phase synchronous motor, directly eouided, is eiriploved. This is fed with a current slepi>ed down to .'',00 volts. In Plate II is slmwu a photograph of this nmchinery. Till' arraugen'.eiii f'.ir controlling the nuiehincs may be seen from the coupling scheme sliomi in Fig. .'!. From the switehboanl the current is eonductcd. through copper bars, laid in cement channels, to the thrcc-phasi' transfonners. The capacity of these transformers is 1,.W0 K.V.A., and their ratio of transformation, 14:1. By regulating the tension nf the generator, the low t ■nsion sides of the transformers can be altered through small intervals, from 20 to .«,', volts. The ratio of I'lAlK II :!7I> ,,. I tWWSStL ^tJ£KiL&flmL',;iicii!ih^Z-'MiMJ^hi:^^ K-m^: 11 tr«n«form«tion <.an I... ulti-r..,] t,, "i i i-hanKcs of coupling in tli.. tr«n ( ' ' ■ '""'"'" ' ""'''"'" '""''> I-rforniod varied between 40 nnd IT^v r ""T^ "; '^"'"'' ""^^' '*"" '"" ""-■" -" '- P--.-on wattn,.,or for difTcr,.ntlv 1,.., ,. , i "" "f ^""'<^"f-^ -^ ' tl,roe-pl,n., caeh phase, an,l 1 voltnufcr. " '■'""• " '""P"*' met.-rs-one for •--'■*■■■*•" '^.'^'m^-y-'i^SMZ- 12 The ainpfrc metfr*, and the wnttmrti-r, arc cuiiiii ott«l to the current iyitte by mrniii of tron«forni<'r«. The vulfmctrr iind tinnion tcrniiiiHU of th« wal meter nre directly rotiiirctcd to two of the condiiotinK hnri». To protect these instruments from heat when tapping, an iron curtail which may be lowered or raised, is placelt III Hi 3 IfKI.^ VM, |\^ '''^"■^'^^■•■'^'■.'ViK,.M,V, |.:,K. ,„.,„K~ I l^-|.. I-J # cmi 'Z^ .\" yfi.-,.\ " ''. , fti IS Pla TT ^^J"": «"P^™ °f tl,c arranKorncnt is shown by th photoj- ph Plate III. It .„ bo soon that ,he ^vhoo.s-hy which the electrodes a' ad^ I ■ai 14 DESCKIITION OF ELECTRIC SHAFT FURNACE. In gi'iicnil »pp«'ariince this cloctrio fliaft furiince is unlike any hithorto conftnirted ; licinp very similar in design to an ordinary blast furnace in which the t\iyircs arc replaced by electrodes. A vertical section of the f\irnace is represented hy Fifr. 4; and Fig. 5 shows a top view with the shaft and electrodes removed. The height of the furnace above ground level is about 25 feet. The melting chamber or criiciblo containing the electrodes is about 7 feet high, and is of greater diameter than any other part. The shaft is about IS feet high, the lower end uf whicii — fur about 4 feet — has the form of a truncated cone; for the purpose of directing the charge into the crucible in such a manner that the electrodes, lining, and descending charge, coulil not come in contact. This special feature in the design was introduced by the inventors after repeated e.Npcrinients : which dimonstrated that the upper surface of the column formed by the materials charged into the furnace assumes a detinite angle: viz., 5i> to 55° to the vertical, when the nuiterials — crushed to normal size, and at the same temper;iture as tiiat existing in the melting elunnlier — are allowed to fall through a eire\ilar iipertiire into a free space. In Fig. 4 the slope is indicated by dotted It is this isolation of ;iie descending charge from the lining at tile point where the electrode enters the furnace that constitutes the particular economic advHutag of the construction; since it prevents the destruction of the lining: whicli (n'curred in all Jirevioiis furnace;- where the electrode came directly in contact with tla; melting charge anr(i.\iniity to the electrodes Ijceomes so great that the most refractory lining materials are rapidly destroyed — even wh(u the electrides are cooled by water jackets. The contracted neck of the shaft immediately over the central opening into the melting chaml cr, is not supportiil by the arched roof, b\it the entire weight of the shaft is carried by si-^ cast-iron columns arranged synimef ricall.v ariumd the fir-iacc hearth. The melting ehandier is made in the form of a crucible, and is covered with an arehcd roof providet tlie lining of the roof 1 liurinK tlit> run I'f tlio tiiiuari. now ui iiTuKri'ss (.l\ily Ti nn ('\.iniiii.ili"ii of tin' (umii I-Ih'.hI K-isi'- w;i- iii.uli'. ii'-ullnn; as ii'idcr: — 'I'lu' »'si .tpm;: v:a/,tw \\t'!,» kept (by r*'Kab*tinn tlie circulation) at a ti'iupt'i atin (^ of 200- to 300''; ami t\u- fiillowiiiK is an aiialvMs when usinf,'— Jl It If.- M,ij,'rietito - CUj 10 , CO; 2')'"o CO "lO"; CO 05'^. H III;. 11 10'-;, 15 L, ^ir:::2i:::zi:T" "t "- ■."'■'•'" '-' '■ '« i.j- .h, li„i„e „t „„, „,.,, ,",,'" °' "™i»"'"">'i •"'<■« tl» 1.-.. eivc up viously constnicte,!. ' ilt"tric furnaces pro- ens require! to cfr..,.tivolv cool tl„. r ,' ," ■^""''" ''^ /'"• "-'■'■-ary „uuntity of ol.nruber. ' ' "" "^"^^ ^"""^ "' "'" "-".h of (ho „„.lti„^ J-:a..-h dc-otro,!,. was l.„llt u,, fn.n. two c.rl.on. 11" - .n. ti,e total .ro. ..tio., of the l.ilt .„. .:: „ ./^r^^ "^;" '^f' means of whi.h ti,.. oopper j,la 7"';""";"^' =' -"P"'-' '- -l.o w.,ig..s: by ^r. P...1 a.ai„st tl.! tWc^ ^ u::!!!::;;: ""■ ^"-- ^-- «"^' -.'.- cables -o ;!:,:':■;:;:,:;:;;:;;;' i:^;:,-;- ^^-- "■;---' au..,. a,.,, ,,,. .. ^icn to the vertical. oo..,.„n n , "?' '*' '""'"" "'" "■'^''- "'' '-•'"- wwh .o„ia arise ^j;!;:; ; r;,;::;;":;;';'"^'^'/-^ t «- -^^ --^.^ A sted cal,h.. sccurcl to tbo , p of t \"""\-' /"^"""-"t'^ -'pportcd. ^v.te„>ofgui.ic whooLsorpullev o b ' " °'''''''" ""'' ""^^'"^' -•"• « the drum. *'" ^'•'•■tre.le. by wui.iinfr or unwin.ling ..m';,;;::;;:,'::;';;;::;: r:;,;:, ■■^■'■■'" -■■'-" ■'- '--e f- Tbo w.,t . > , ■ --ovennn. „ provided. ''"■ni.^c:;::cr:rp:::s:;:;:;;;rf ."-•'■ "■'• --'- -.. .. for preventi,,, the .as under pre .-^^iu da',^""" V"' '''T "" ''"' ''^^'-■'-> out around the electrodes. ' "'" """'"S ^luunber from leaking The shaft-as previously me„tioned-is supnorte IK- ■ on .Kx cast-iron ..lllars arran-..! .ti.i.ingthe„.eeonou.iean;;:r e^; '"" '■^;; V""'"''-^-'' <='e pnrpos, s speoitied on papcs 14 and 15, 16 and at the Siime time to protect the diareoal fuel from premature combustion — the top of the shaft is closed by an iron cover, fitted with a charging bell and hopper, covered in by means of a specially constructed sheet iron hood ; designed to prevent gas explosions caused hy the intrusion of atmospheric air into the shaft when a charge is being i troduced. • The collected gai^cs at the throat of the furnace are discharged into a down- comer pipe, provided with a dustcatcher, from which the gases — largely denuded of dust — are drawn by meaiLS of a fan, and fi-rced down into the melting chamber through the three tuyeres. With a view of preventing excessive prtsrsure in the interior of the furnace, an uptake pipe— provided with loaded, self-closing valve — is placed at the junc- tion of outlet pipe and top of downoomer, for conducting the gases generated in the furnace (when the pressure reaches a certain point) to apparatus designed for the utilization of the waste gases, or, to the atmosphere. lUW MATERIALS USED. The iron ore placed at the disposal of the inventors for the trial run was magnetite from (iriingesLerj,', and had liio following composition: — Per Ceut. FeA "*5-40 FeA -1-^1 MnO i>-30 MgO '»■!>!* CaO ^Si A1,0 lOT SiO, :M6 ro --34 g undetermined mtallie iron ^i'^^ Durinff the first part of thf trial run, cuke coiitainiuf.' .>5':c ^' and O-CS^ S was used. This, however, had Ixof. exposed for a long time to the open air and rain, which made it? peroontape .f uuiisture unusually higl'- I'ime was used as a flux. The raw material— crushed to pieces of about 1" diameter— was conveyed to the charging floor of the furnace, where it was weighed, and charged by hand. The instruments were read every half liour, the product of each tapping care- fully weighed, and samples uf botli the iron and slag taken for analysis. The iron and slag were tapix-cl thn iwli the same Ihile; b\it no difliculty was en- countered in separating the iron from the slag after cooling. The men oper 'ing the" furnace were clividt>>l into two shifts: -ach shift being of twelve hour- duration, and consisting of four lal)ourers and a foreman. i^v' Wv=^^i i 17 IILATINO 1,1- THE FLKN-ACE. Xotwitl,st„„,li.j, ,h.. iaot tlmt the f,.rna..e w«s new in every respect only one wee wns allowed for heatin. fron. the tin>e the first coke fir/waTS;. 1 in c n,elt.n. ehan.ber to the ti,„e of the first tapping. Experience wi L " f . aee, has prove,! that at lea^t three weeks shouM he devote.l to the drvl„« ™ rK> wh,eh shouM he utili.e.l i„ the reduction and dissociation o the or." .11 he expended .n converting the n,oi.t„re in the hrickwork into te '^ rcMdtu,, ,n the ch.ll,,,, of the iron, and ..p.ent rednct.on of the o tp ' Ihe nnavouh, Me ne.l..t of this precaution in the present instance, int S ---ally wah the nornud ,hern,al w,.rkin, condition of the furna e ,1 ro.K, out^tl. ent.re tna.-,.pocial,. at the he.innin.-as the output taldes Zl; I'.',u:u SUITUKO TO Till; FlHNACi;. Although ,,,e furnace was designed for a nn.ch larger capacity, the ,..,. ' 7,r ' T' "' •'"* ''''■ ''■'"■ '^'-"" -- ^^'^^ «t h, .v,.,.u : ,: , r "■ '""'■■■ ^""""-"■•'''■•'- -"' "- l-wer tension during the lii-t p.iit oi tlie run was (l.s,-,~rnc;o to 0,1 ,, ;tl, *i i-i . ■ , . , . , ' ' • ' ^^ I'll the hii,dier tension. " >tall,,tion tor this furnace, compare,! with that of other types is therefore ._ -U.r ,na.,„a.h as „i„ ....,„ apparatus for controlliii/ ^ li, Zf^ i- s 1 Zi' : "' """ -"-i'-tion, this „,e of electric furnace "n>niiii, > ail uleal load lor a p,:iwer stati,,M. Tin: TlilAI, III \. 1 hi' trial run was starttil at (1 •;!) n „, li i """"" ""■ '''- I ' "" "M «:• ,,.,i„.K „ „r „.„ ,.l,.„p, „,._ Ore. ... Coke.. . -*^'''^ll-- Lin,..,. .. -'^l '• 110 •• The c,jke used in thi- cluiri;. ,Mir, -,, I , ■ '.- 1 '1 1, .- Hrllil^ Id a I'oIlsuniDtloll of •, i.mt Q10 n imt^ IS through the tiip-holo witli tho slnp, whiili, in iiildition, coiitiiiiiril ii cun-iiicraMc amount of carliido. Tliis indiciiti d r.ii ixci^^ (.f carbon. Tho ilii\rf;r \va^, thcre- fort'. iilliTcil tlic n',\l iiiiiriiiiiLr t" tin- f..)!' w!i l' (•..miiM-itinu :-- Ore --'"'••"» ll'^<• (•..U. I- !• •• Tiiiiii' 4 4 L'orri-pondinf,' t(i ii <-.in. )rr \<>\\fi ton of pij,' iron. 'I'hi' coko UMil lip to tlii- Mine Uii~ Very wil, liaviiif; been cxpo-cci to rain and MK.w. A-. bowcxcr. dry colic, wbicli con.ci|iicnlly contained a lii^rhcr pcr- cciitafjv of carbon pi r unit v.cirlil. ua~ now available, tl liar^ro was aKni'' chanfTcd to: — Or,. :.':.'(i,(i 11,.;. CUc oM •• I.inic 4 4 wbicli correspond- !,■ a ,onsuiiiiif i,,n ,,f coke of about llil.") lbs. per ton of pig iron. This jiiit:bt b,' further miiici,! when the funno'c is workiiif.' normally, anil the prases circulatci! a- previou-ly ,li-crib",l. However, thi~ consumption of carbon niu>t bo con.-idcrcd a> ixtnncly >atisfa •t,>ry. Analyx - of tlic iiiir iron from >ix ilitferent tapjiiiiL's. and of the -laf; from tappinj; Mo. 4. arc "iven bil,,v. From an iii-iui-tiou of thcM- analyses it will bo seen that the sulphur conteiil. i-pieially in tin la-|;- nf I'll. Ilin\ 1 'l.'oOM W. i ; Cii-t N,,. ! (■ Si Mm V S ^. ' :v_>ii imi.m; II :iL' i mi a oi.', ;j . . ' :i 'jii II in:; II :i7 i .vi ■ .( :! to ,1111;,". .'il 1 f,i nlo 5 3 L'n I, I '7.", I II :!•_' 1 .s" ' i( :i •jii oi,;,", (1 ;v.i ' '.»i ii nl.", 13 ;v]:, II 0711 •J4 •-' 01; (I iHC) 1 t'liilctcrriiiiici. iiiiB[iUrife^iBrj^K^:iP^^..iis^ ifl .WM.V'.IS (IK sn,; KlIdM ( A^T M> 4 ^■"^ '.. .. 2054 <■"" M.-.S S "'^ re (I .!,> The r,.„li.,Ms „f ,1,,. v.l,. ,„,.l n.Mi,..r,.s. an.l the .■.m.-mnpti..,, ,.f ..urpv „-e t-'.vcn ,n tl,.. t,.ll„win>r tal.l.s. A. pnvionsly .xplaino,!. these fi.jnre. cannot. srrve a. a ml, nun for puhjin., the „rures. .ouuncreMl,,} and are onl„ inserted lure as iluy mn,j he of .vomc hilerexl /,■„,„ „ teehnlml ,,vint of view. Kl.Kl IFin AI, JIkasi HKMKNIS. 1 )at.' Tiiiii'. I'' :t" a.m. .. TAX' .. -. ;.»! „ . . S.IKI „ .. s,;(ii „ . , 'J (HI .. . . <.i ;«) „ . . II) (N« ., . . U> M) .. .. 11 IHI „ .11 .)■) „ 1LM«) „ I'-' »ll,.ll>. . I.(»l ,, 1 .so ,, . L'lM) „ , L' »l .. ;< (Ml ., . -.i no „ l.(K) .. 4 ;«i „ . .">,(I0 ., . 5. 'to ., . li.WI ,. . . (i ;(() ., . 7 m „ r.»i „ , . ."^.dO .. . .■<.•)( I „ . (1.(10 „ . II :w „ 10 (Kl ., Id :mi ., U (HI .. n .'f(i „ 12. no ,, 1-' ■'foa.iii. . . I 0(1 ., l.'tll „ - (Kl ,. -'30 „ .'<.(KI ,, 3.»i „ 4 00 ., Aiii|i«*rcH. (l,.> 0,.S(H( 7,i"IO 7,iKKl 7,iiO'> (;..soo V..ltv 41 42 4d 41 42 40 4(1 40 40 an ;« ;!!i .^>^ ■m; ;«; ,'is 40 .■!!l 40 ,'t,s 10 42 40 40 ,'ti; M :«•> :!7 no •M\ :«i 40 40 40 40 4(1 .'is ;iit 3'.\ Kilo. 4IKI 41. -I llNI 40,-, 4I-, 400 ss:, 4IKI ;J7,') Kr, ,'t:i(i ;«d HOO ni'iO ,'iK-, 41 K) :v.i:> 41,-| .ISO 40.-, Kt'iiiarkM. 2,K(Wlh,..,,f|„V.irnn,;,,.t. ' I'd! n-io .'i.S.', XA) ■AM .'fi;.'. 370 ,'i5o :Cio ;Cio 3ie 4(10 40(1 .'^(.■> 400 37.") 3,s,-, 37o l,0(i711)s, .>f|,ig iri'iica,.!. T ciir,iliK' tdcljanjre switclilxiard «ir- 1,411 lli>. ,,f |,|j. iron cast !,l)."K)ll,.,i. ,,f |,ij,ir,,|, ea ic pai-iiKi-iiph hpaded " HeatuiB of the lunm,,.,' piigc 17. 20 El.KCTIlK'AL MkASI IIKMKN'T.S — CunlinUfll. l>st«. l>.c. •-'.-<. 1),. Tiiiii'. 4 :w I .'i IN) ;, ;ti( i; (Ml c. :tn 7 !«' 7 :«) 5 ()l) H :«i ^1 CKI '.I :iii ]ll 'Ml III :>ii 11 IMI 11 :;ii IJ i:'i i:! ;iii 1 nil 1 :(ii ■J (Ml ■J :>ii H IMI :i ;:ii 1 IKI 4 :{" 7 (K) 7 nil S (Ml S ',)'! II (HI ^1 :«i 111 1)11 M ;!ii 11 (Ml II oil rj iM) i-j ;!ii 1 1 IHI 1 :tii •_) IK) ■J :!() :i.iiii .■( -M) I (Ml I .'ill :". (M) .•i :(ii li.(K) 7,()(io 7,2iM( 7. IIMI 7,L'ii 7,'-'ii() 7,'.1M) 7. -'(Ml 7. inn 7.4IMI 7, InO 7, I'MI 7.-IM' I 7.'J(MI ! 7. -IMI 1 7, -'IK I I 7, ((Ml ' 7. LIMI I 7,(MMI 1 7. '-I II I j 7.1110 7,'M) I 7,-lKI 7,M«< 7, KM) 7,(i(Ml 7,tlMI 7,41 Mt 7, (inn 7,4nii 7,i;(K) 7,S(M) 7. SIM I 7.WK) 7,MMI 7,^(10 7,I(NI 7. IIMI 7.4IMI 7,L1MI 7.tlMl .",4lMI 7.(;iMi -, KM) 7, IIMI 7, -IMI 7.4)111 7.L'(M» 7.I1MI 7,4nii 7,liMi 7.i;iKI 7,siMI 7.1'ilMI 7. MMi 7,liKi 7, ('.(Ml 7. 1(10 7. (Inn 7.L*'MI 7.4IMI 7, IIMI Vilnii 7. IIMI 7.'-*' Ill 7. -IMI 7,11MI 7, IIMI 7. imi 7. '.'(Ml 7. l(Mi 7. '-'IKI 7. KMI 7.i;iMi 7,i;iMi 7, Li Ml 7, '-IMI 7, KM) 7, KMI 7. KMI 7, |IMI 7.4IMI 7, -(HI 7,s(»i 7. (KMI 7.I1IMI 7.4IK) 7.10<> 7, '-"(*• 7, '-'(Ml 7, ('MMI 7. KMI 7, 4(H) 7,1(11) 7,CJMI 7, ('(HI 7, KMI 7, KMI 7. KMI 7.'-iM' 7.10(1 7, iiM) 7,(;iio 7. son 7. ('IMI 7. MMI r.i'dii 7,I'.IKI 7, K"i 7,i.n() 7. KHi 7. IIMI 7., Mill 7,s"ii 7,(i(Hi 7,iin(i 7.1*11(1 7! KMI 7. KMI 7,'.' 4(11 IIMI .I'HI Its.-, USD 157 •isil l'.!M) Its.'. li'.l.", 4IH) 410 41 c> ItIM) IID.'i 310 IISO 41 K) Itsil r..S() It7.", IKIa Ut'lliarki. I,s7nlh..,,f |,iK nnii c-ii.st 1, l.tO Ills. (,f in;.: inin oa.st ;.m.'?ll.s.nf i.i(.'iroiic.Tit \J>i't2 ]\i!*. «,f pig irnii c:i>l It may lie pointed out th.nt the output contiiiuod to stcndily rise iis the furnace more nearly upproiichoil its normal working conilition— even with the inadequate power .-iippliul- until an unfortunate accident ocpurrod to on(> of the watcr-cool(>d stuftirs loxe?, nece??itatinf,' the renmval of one electrode. Towards the end of th'! run. one of the cast-ir,.n, water-cooled stutiiupr boxes developed a had crack, which allowed hir^re quantities of water to escape into 21 the the p of into the fiirniicc. This wmihl not have o<-currc(l hiul sufticiciit time been nllower of the eoinpnny for the '' 2-110 ' M201 ^ ;mi;o ■' l'.K,{) '" :..i;!o ■*Eleetrod.- holder bet-'an tu leak badly. I'rom the foreyoin- laol,-< it will be sien tiiat the output befor.- tlio leakage lif water into the furnare beeanu^ serious, was 2.4-J metric tons per electrical horse-power year. This tif.'ure— eousi.lerinK the disadvunlafres' under which tho trial run was made— may bo doemed very satisfaet.)ry. Owiufc' to the short duration of the trial, it was iu.iK.ssible to determine the consumption of elictrodes per t..ii of pip: iron produced. Aecordinr to form, r te-ts howev.T, this may be placed at about ,'', Kfrs p,.r metric ton (2,201 lbs.) ,,f piK iron produced. Ti:ellNICAI, on.IlXTlVK .->:■ *}'..- =iv.--r*^ .-ti-i :*./«'* *3Il**^ I t2 {',]) Wlictlur till' tr-r -|nicc, wiiliiii till' uniting cliiiiuliir wmilil he imiiii- tiiirii-.l with a -liiitt (■.iii-.if|( TJilily lii(;liir ilmii in the tiiriuicc^ nf liirliiT ill -i»;ii atiil ri)ii«triictiiiti. (I) WliilliiT tlic loMtnictioii of ill,. !.iiiilt wiiiiM pri'Virit tlic ciuirp fnmi -iiikiii;,' iiiiiliiriiil.v, or imii-'c liiiiiKiiijf. (:<) 'I'lic (liiniliilily nf III,' Mr,-lir,| rndf, mi, I lli,' |Hi--iliilil,v ,.f ciiuliiiK it l.y 111,1111^ ,if till' rir,-iilaliii(f i,'ii». IlKDl ( Ili'Ns ni,i\| iilWKIIVATIiiNS. ■| lie fiillciuii.y- i~ a -iiiiiiiiarizi'ij ~tatciniiil nf |ira,'li,-al il, .hi,'li,,ii-i ,iriuvii fi'niii ,ili~iiviil inii~ MKnl,' iliifiiitr I 111' Iriai run: liaviii;.' ntranl In tlic ,iliji','livi' liniiiN -pi-i'ili,',! alinvc: — (.1) Il ua- ..K-rr\i.| llial lli,' furiia,'!- n|HTiilri| iiiiifnriiily ami wilhimt trniiiil,' nf any kin, I. iiinl llial tin- ,l,iirniii-. riMiuircil iili-nliilcly iin ni^ulalinii. ill nil,' ,'a-i-. fnr ti\n cnn-.iMiliv,' ,|ay.>. In any cii-,'. llii' niilv nr iiliilinii r! ,|iiiri'ii i^ iluu cnrri-pniiiling to tliu cnnsiiniptinn (if llic ,li ,iiim1,~. 1111,1 i^ ii,',-,~Miry niily niii-,' a iliiy, ami mjiiii I iiip - lint fnr iiiiii-li JniiiTiT pii-iniN. Oil HI iiiit nf liii-, , x |K'i 1 < i vc rc.iriila- tinii ,-aii 1,1' i|i~p,ii~, i| wiili. ('') I)iniii^.' liii- -linrt Iriai. 'M1i llinimii tji,. furnai'i' iliil imt aiipmai'li iN iiiiriiial unrl nf lli,' ilitT, rent in~triiinfiil-. (r) Kri'i' ipiiccs were iiiaintaiinil li,t\v,-i'n llii' liniiiK> nf tli,- mnf ami wall-, anil llu' t'li'i'trnilc- ami I'liarfri' at the (ipi'uings where the eleetrndes ciiti r the niellin^r ehainhcr. ('/) It was fiiuml that th,' eliarf;,' ,!ii| nut jiini in the lower eoiitracteil neck nf the -haft, fi- hail hiin feare,!, hut inoveil with rcjrnlarity into the llleltinjj ehllinlier. (t) Allhnimh tlin ^a-i - uiiu'raliil hy the reduetinn of th" ore wer,' imt I'iri'iilali'il ihrmiiili the i-nnliiifr tnyeres until near th,' einl nf th,' trial run. it ua- ilemnii-trate,! that the linintr of tlie rnof of the m Itiiiir ihaiuhi r wa^ etfei-tively eiM.1,',1 hy thi-; nieau-, '^^^ :^jm^.h,£^k^^smsmim!mm mmimm iii in— n pi i ■ riiMi'.\i;is«'\ Hi' Tin; nisr oi I'Koiti ( tkin or I'Ki iituv i\ Tin; CIIAHCOM, lU.VST II |!N\(i; WITH TM XT I'lH 11)1(1.11 I N' Tin; i:i.i.iTi!i(' siiait iruNA i i i |;.\.\, -. |(>( K1|ci|,\i, swi hi \. If \\v tiikc II-. II liii-i^ tilt liiir iir|ii|uirnlivi ~ihiI,v, un cirilii,,ir.v c liiiri-uiil l)In>t I'uriiiicc. nil. I the ilirti'i.- -liiilt riiniaiT rm-ti'il lU Dniuiiarl'vi't : ami ^iippn-i' till' inin I. re ii.-d in llu-c t'liriun'i-. t iiiiiiiii ilii'; iiiitiillic irmi, iiiul tli'j cluir- cuiil ,■<;;', ciirlMiii. tlii'ii it ^hiiiii.l lir |..,-mI,1,. In iiiiiki' II niiiil.lr iMHiiimri-iiii. It .-llMlllil If |lirilll(ii I, lit, llnWlMT, that ill llli- .■.■lll|i:iri-..ll Un .|.-r,Mllll i- laUi 11 ' .1 till' liict lliiit, the (^ii-.s prniiiii'1-,1 ill tlir I lictric -liiil't t'liriiarf (•(lutaiii a liiniur pirci iiiafir ipf ('(»- pr.ijialilv till', luorr- iliaii tlir nriliiuny lila-t t'liriiacc pisi s, 111 i(!;ar.l til ihr laliiiur rjiart'i- ami 1:1 inral . \pi n-r-, j niakr llic .~iipp..-i- tiiiii that till — - rliar;;r^ an- tlir Miiiir lnr Im.iIi tjic tlrrtrii' -liaft t'liriiiicc ainl the ciiari-nal lila-t J'lii'iiiici', it' tin- i-niit ia«lic| I'liniai'i - iirr ot' -m-li capai-ity a> to pniihicr tin- :-aiiir i|iiaiitity nf |iijr irmi pi r vrar. A iliariMal lila-t t'liriiui t' iiiriliiiiii capai-ity pruilnc,-. in SwiiNii alu.iit »,(mmi tu 1i),imh) .-Imrt tmi^ of pi),' iruii pir iiiiiiuni- a iiiiantity wliirji I In liivi> can al.-o li.' prmlii 1 in a pniiicrly (.i.n-tiurti il liii-trir >liafl furnai • nl tlir typr of Aktii lioliiHit Klii-troiiK'tull.. (o>l' of rli; llio\ I'Kli Mlour ToS IN ix H.l.AllS. I ('h'irrt)'if hht9t f'triuirt. KUrtrir thitft fiirntirf. riiiirt'oal, ',i."i ton nt i?f< |i.r ton .< 7 i^> 27 ton ^ L' Hi Kli'itrical tniTKy 0" I) ;t K. Il.l'. m ur ;it .*!■.' " H (ill I.iilioiir MX) 1 IN) Kl.-otri«li-n II IK) 10 Uw. at 'iv. [ht Hi (I ;)ii Hi'Iiairs and (i;<'ii''''.'l i'\|»n-.fs 1 W) 1 Jul ^111 10 1? X ,Vi In tlii-i <'iilctilatioii the price of .re ainl liiiic^toiic, ainl the royalty are nut f-'ivcn, as the foniicr varic- with ihc locality ami the character of the ore, uiul the lattir has not yet lieeii cleteniiiiieil. From this ciilciilation it i~ apparent tliat in Sweilen. miiler tho abovc-inon- tloiieil circiiiiistaiices. a savin^r of .*l.,".."i .-houM 1m' etrectcl in the production (if Iii^f iron liy the elei'tro-theniiic process. 1 Ha^cil iipuii ciiiKlitiiiiis in Sweden. ;!» PART II. Electric Sfeel Furnacf. ■III.' ii,v.iil,,r> ..f III. ,l..t,-i.- ^ll:,^t liininr, |,.r ll,r r. .lii.-ti.iti .,( irm, or.'^ - jii.'t (I. -.rill. (I. Inn.. hIm, ,.|itniii..| i.:,l.i,l- l,.,- ,,11 .L.'ln.. st..-l f.iriui.'. . p.^v s- 'iiitr '■'Hi.' iiin.-l f.'iitiir. s. I'lth.r ,1 tw.i. ..r llir. .-|,lin,-.' .'nrr. iil .mi !■. n-,1 vsiih il,i, inrnn.'.. wlil.-h luH lut !„., n.ljnMal.lr . 1. .■tr...l, - ; tli.. 1,..M,„„ ,.( tli. h.nill, ■■„,„,, | „r ,,,,1^- '" -''•'■ iiil' riiiK,..! Willi a s„i,ill Mill t ..I' uriipliil.' f.. lining' tlir lliir.l. I!y ih- -|....i,il .Ji-trilmtiMii „|- ih,. .I.vir.Hl, -, i|„ |,„i|, U r;,<,~. > |,. nitiit.' Ill ji Mrli.iil pinii.', Ilni- .•..ntiiiinilly l.rii,)_ni,jr n. w iii:il.ri:,| in ,,,, willi tli.' -LiL' fur piirili.-.iti,,!,. '||„ ,;„i,. r.,|iMi,,| f,,r r. liiiiiiK i- L.v llil^ m. .i.w .-.Misi.l.r- ' 111 ly -liciii. ii.,|, Siii... 111., tiiiij.rily uf p,,wrr p!iii,l. ar.^ .1. hkm.,1 for iinilli plia- .•urr.-iili, iiii.l iiiiilli|.|.aM- K. 11, Till. T. an .h.^p, i- i,, .■,„i.tnHt tlmi, h'iikI.' plm^'' (?.'u.T- iilor-, 111., ii.lvaiiliit:.. ulii,.|i -iirj, a I'.irii,- I,,,. ,,v. r ,.u- iimiii,' MiiKlc-ph:,.,. fiirri 111 i- iiiuiiilV-i, If 111., .iinviil t.. 1.- .-iippli..,! i, lu.. pl,a-i., nil ..nlinary lun,plia-f traii^- f.Tiiiir .Mil 1..- U-..1 uilh Ih.. fiiriin....; I.iil if tli,. -iipply i- lln-. .-plia- . two Milt;!, pi,;,-,, traii-r.iiiii r- willi S.-ult'- ....11111 \i,.i, .an I..- u-...|. ABSTK'ACT or S\Vi:i)ISir I'ATIAT .-I'LCIKlrArK.NS. lmi,n.,.m..i^l., ,„ .1/, ^/„„/,v „/ A.7,,/,,, /•,•,-./,„/;„„ „/ Iron and SI..' and olhi-r M. lilts, itiid Fiininiis f.if i.ini/iit./ .■nl lli,' a.iiitr. Ill tlu- .!(..tri.- Ill, Itiii- an. I n tiiiinj;- ,,f 111. laj-, mi.Ii. f,.r cx.iin. I... -s ir.m on. I >l,.i, th... f,,i|,,uiii>.' u, II liiinw,, i,Mii„„| i, ,,„pl..v...l: Tlu- cm. ,,, il„«-ing tlii.aiKli an fkctr,,.!,. iiiMrl.,! in ih,. fnriia,,. pa--, - i„ tl,,. f„rni ,,f an .■lt.<.|riL- iir.. into th.. 111.. It. -n l.alli, .■.iiiip.i-.d ..f ih,. mat. rial> I,. 1, riliin.l, ,ir l,> lli,. lay.T <-<( >!a{; ll.ialiiiK lli. r... 11, an,! lli, 11 fr..iii tli,. iii,,li,n Lath it ll.AV., I,a,-k t,) the >.,|ir.... .if ..iirr.in |.y 111, ain ,.f a 1m, It, ,111 ..,,iita,-t. ,.r .1-,. in th,. f,,ri,i ,_,( un '■'■'■'■■''■ ="■'■ '" ■' ~' I'l I l"'lr...|,. iM-,.rt,.,| ill!,, Ill,, fiiriia,.,.. aii.l fr,,i,i thi^ rl...- tr.,.l.. l,a,.k t., 111.- M..ir,-,- i,f .n.-rdit, in wliii-h hilkr .-a-., th.' t..|i-i.,ii must hi; .l,'ul,l,,i, .-in..,, til,. t«,, tl,,.tr,„l,- i,r. pi, ,1 in ,-, fi,... J!„th th,. ah,.vi. nu-th.xLs li,.w.Mr, pr.-upp,,-,. th,. niili/.i.fi,,,, ,,f a -ind,'-|'lia.^.; alt,rnatini,' .•iirr.mt. A niulti-pha-,. all,.niatint; I'lirniit. h..\v. v, r, ,.ir, rs inipiirtaiil a,h ..iitaK,..^. l.,,th in {.'(.IK rati, ,11 aii.l in ti an-iiii--i.in t.i th,' iila,-,- uh, r,. it is t,i 1,,. u.-,-,!. I'.r ih.M. r,a-..i,- it i- \ , ry ,1, -ira! '. tu n-,. nuilti-i.lias,. .•urr.nts ,)in.ct in fh, ,l,,.tri,- St,, I f.iriia..... nii,l iminy -1;;;:;, .-ti.,n- t,, a,.,..a,ipli-h this hav," ho.-; ina.i... In all th.s, su^;i;, sti,,iis tl„. a-snmpti..n has h.cn mail. . that the ni.nilior of a.lJNstahlr .■l,.,.tr,Hh s ,,-,,1 -h,>nl,| h,. a- pr, at as fh,. „i,„,1„t ,,f frminals of th, p,il,s in the current syst.ni. i.... in tlir,-, -pJiaM ..urnnts tlir. -. ,l,.,.tr,..lr3. in •♦ - . T. jrt 1 m^/,. KJ^*/'"^ . Al K • 01 4^ ris p. •-'(. twn-,,l,ase four ekctrmlcv, etc. This Inrg,. miinlKr of n.ljuMnl.le olcctrmlfs hns, isi"'.-inlly in the case of a Muail furnace, occasioned difficult iis which prechided' th two phases are each el, .-trieally conn, •■■.! with oi.e of the two a.ljusfuM,. el,vlr,.,i, , of the furna,Ms whil,. the t, ■ -, .:,..- , ■: ,;„ ,,.,„,r ,„,1,. of the two phas.s ar,. ,.|,c.rically coniue',,1 „ith the 1 „n^ „f ;!„. i„nru ., whi.'h is condu<-tiv,., or ,K,. with anv other el,,.tr,.,|,^ whi,. ^ : . ,1m, ■: ...r-^u't with the eurnnt. that pass's to the nu,lten hath in th,' f, ■. ,.i' '.-.Ir.,' ar,'. In th,. a,..-„mpanyin,r ,lrawu.^-. !'la.,. IV. Fi^:. 1 illu.trai.s th,. .■,.nn,..xio„ ; Willi,. I'lfr. •_' shows HI like mann.T a in.ulili.d form of this .•,,nu, xi,.n. In Plat,. IV, l.-ij;s. 1 an,l i r.pre-.nt the two phases of a two-phas,. .system- "■'"■■" '"■" '■"■'^ '"'•'"' 1'''^'-- ^"■" '1' '■'■•ically nectcl to each .th,.r. The ,.urr...it sy.(..m „ thus ,nl,.rlink..,l. Ka,-h of th.. two plia>. . is ,.ouae,..,.,l with a ,.om..,.,n,l- -ntr ele.-trode, cM a.ul (^) r, >pe,.tiv,.ly, fr„n, ul.i..l, th,. curr.nt passes i,i th,. form ol an ,.l,,.,r,e arc t., tl„. hath. Tron. the hath tl„. , wo pha-. . unit,- an,l pa-s g ""'""-'■ '''^' ^■"■"l"<'""f.' Ii"iuj.' to th,. ,.,.„ta,-t (U), a,i,l fron, tlatu-e to ,he sour..e f4 ol the cu:-r..nt. Si,„v ,1,,. ,litT..,vu,.e of pl.a^. l„..w,.,.n the two circuit-. relativ,ly ';' '■'"•' '■""■■■■ '^ ■"•• '' - '-''"■" <1'^" 111.. r..„I,a,„ ,.nnvu,. whi.h pa-M. ";''.'■','"'", "" ""' '""' ' ""•^ ""• -i" '"■ V- 'i"".s Krea„.r than ,h,. curn^nt "■'"'•'' """" ""•""''' '•-■!' "'• the el,.-,-.|..s, ,., „„, ,.,. ,„„| ^,,_,, „,, ,,,,^^.^^_ 1m.w,.,.„ th,. ele,.tn„l,.s shouM l. V2 times that tr-nsion wl,i,.h i, ,.„nsumed in '■acl, ar,.. It ts al-o ..vulent. witle.nf furllar explanati.ai, that as almost tie. •nt,r,. t,ns,on >s al.otl.,,! in th, ans. th,. ,.„rr,.nt .-y.tc.,H will h,. hnlan,...,! and tile U\o jihases (. or.ler to con,luct eWtrieitv well, a lay,r (H) ..f .^aphit,.. for ,.xampl,.. wouM l„. rannn,,! in on the plates If 26 ('»}. 'Jin- inMlrnal. v,l>,n r..l,l. i, :„, ,.x,.,.ll,.Mt oMulurtur „f ..IcHricitv, mid SLTvos the i„>r|M.M. ,.t r,„uhu-Uu'^ th.. ..urnnt until tJK' liniiiK attains tho proper tcmperatnro t., Uvon,. itM-lf a .■Mn,iu..tor. WIkt. the lining- is c-on-po^cl nf mni,. u.Mto „r ,|.,l„n„t.., with t„>-. pit,.|>. „r th,. lik,.. a. an n,lh,.siv... it is usnallv a Mitticvntl.v f,o,„l .•„n,lnrl„r: „n arrount of the ra,-l,„n introchu-.,! in this niann.T .■v..n ^yhen m a .■„!,1 .■,„„lili,.u. fn,!. >■ th.sr ,..,n lition., the nauluWing lav.r (•■) <'au then, if ,l...,i,v,l, 1„. .anitt.Ml. Tlu- two ..l....ti'o,les C') FIk :! -uv ,on- ■"•'•t-a to t),.. fnv ..n.is „f th.. pha.... Thrso d...tro,l,.s p..n..tratc into th. .-upola "t th- lunnu.. an,l arc a,ljn>tal,l... F.„. ,h.. pnrp,,.. of protecting th.. bri..kwork "' '!"■ '-"l-la th,. ,.i,.,.t,.,„l,.s pa-, thn.u^h wnt..r-._.ook.,l stuliin;,- h.,x,.. (i:i) Th,. •■l.vtr,,,!,.- an. m, a,liav i> f.,nn..,l l.,.tw....n th-ni an.l th.. hath „r lay, r ,.f >jaf; ll,.atinK tlaTvon, an ai f Miitah],. l.nj;th. It i-, n„.r,„v.r. plain that th,. ,.,,n-tru,.tivo ,l,.tails „f th,' furnac^. can he earn,.,! .,„t „, many .nth.n.nt way,- an,l .an !,.■ arranf^v,! to -nit ..i..,.n.nstan,-..s With th,> tnn,a,... all p,-,„.,-,.s ..o.-urrin- in th,. pro.hu-tion ,.f inm nn,l -tr.!. -u.h as pn.l,lln,K. .K -nlphuri/.atiun. .1. j.lin-phn,i,.ati,,n, .,.t,.„ can 1>... rarri.-,l ulit. 1 p i' PART III. Manufacture of Carbon Electrodes. .^r .w;':5r;jr,-:t: ' ;,""""" '- - ■ ; V ,.,. '-.r tnni.i,,... |1„, ,.,|in,„n,„t „t' an up-t,,-,lal,. f,,.t.,rv -^■.> ...,.,.,.,,, to ,,,...,,,,,,,,,,._„,,,,^,,,,,. „.,_,.,.,> w,..'i..... a III A.,„„l,.rn tVlnrv i^ .livi,!,.! into f„„r main part^. vi.. :_ { 1 ) Sl.ii-liiM- ail. I -.irlini; (-) ('ni>hiii^' an. I mixins.' (•■!) -Mwiililiiitr of ill,. ,.K.,.(,.,„i,,^ < 1 ) Di'vliif; ]]ro, ■,.--. Tlu. raw ,„a,,.rial ,..■,! f,„ .,.„„,,„,,„ ,„,, , „„„^,^^,,^_^ ^,,_. ^__ H Mlro,!,, ol In^.o,- ,|„al,f.v, prapiiito i. n,l,l,..l ,., ,|„. ,,,„,,,, IIh. raw ,nat..rial i. ..oH,.,,,.,l |„ 1,,^ |,„„|,,,,., „^ ,;,,_ ' "■■•''■''''''-''•''■--•'-'-' '^-^-.-ly-loa.iK-on/o^C^ 'ri,, , ,1 • ■ '"■' I'lii ii.\ i> ensured. " "nlimu-y or„~l„.r-. an.l th,,, in o,li:,.-ru,.nrr< Jt i. not .,1 ' ' -.1; .. Mu.n ,he nnxturo „ r. a,ly, ,ar i. a,i,lo.l. an.l ,1. wl.olo is then tr,..„e,l l.r>t_,n or.hnary ,n,.x,.r>. an.l aftorwanN i„ clKo-runnor. ' li- ..Ih.v,. i,ro,,.s>-.a, now a,lopf..,l i„ ,„.„i.,.„ ,a,.tori..s--is ..hno^r , nfir 1 ""to.nat,,-. tl,„. r,.,,uirin.^ I,nt iVw workna n ' ' ''' Tie. n,ix,ure ,s allowed ,o .,,,1,. for .,n,e ,lay. after whieh it is readv for ... n. , e el..,rode pre... ], ,,as l,een fonnd that for In, eleetrodes l^^.Z :::rio;;::ti:;:r;: -'''•'-■ -■----'- --.:rr.;:::: After leaving the pre... the el..e.rodes are dried in the air for ahon, a week and then passed through the kiln. In the ,nod,.rn faetories a .peeia ilp .^ nn. h,ln .s nsed. of son,ewha, elaborate eon>tru..tion. These Llns a^^ sun.lar to , „se used for hnr .nvhrieks at hi.h ten„K.ra,ure. The uZ d fur earbon eh.trode laetorie.s is an in,pruve„,ent on the Mendhei.u kiln J he eleetrodes should l,e hurn, at a ten.pera.ure of about Cone l,. or U he k.lns are hea ed by generator ,a. and very eonveuioat arran^en.ents permh the operation ot the diller. nt ,ba,„bers -,.„ ,.,i.. I'trnii: 28 sy 29 The last n,odc.rn factory lu.s hocn ..onstructcd for the British Aluminium Con-pany at t lu.r w,„.k.s at Ki„l.K.hl,.v,.n. This factory ha, been built and equipped accordmg to the .lesions and plans of Mr. Jens Orton-Boving 7" an.l J ^ K..or.a strc.t London. S.W. This plant has a capacity of about G.OOO tons -l npen„„.g n-uh. obtained .n,:n two large taetories, eouXrueted on similar Messr. Ilognniis-liillesholn, Lin.ited. of Sweden, have a carbon faCorv of -,0UO tons yearly output. nn,ki„g electrodes for cari,ide furnaces, steel suieUin^ Jurnaces. and ahiniiniuni works. The nriti.h Ahnniniun, Company. Linuted. have a factory at Kinloch- I'V,... S.vtlau, . producing yearly .1,,HH, tons of electrodes for their own aluminium works. Oilen-l.oving, .:.>-, 4 \ i,-tonu ..treet. London, S.W. The factory wldch is dealt with in this description would have an output of ..,000 nietrie tons (rT? l.OttO kibw) yeaily. ., '^'!:" ■""' ';!'"'' """'■■■''^' ""■' '^'l—' ^1"-I'! ^approximately correspond to Cana,l,an condition. The figure, are on the ..fe side, and can be taken as L,nrMal.n„l.-M,,.y ,M,,,,,, ^inds of coal may be u.ed with advantage but for Canadian ..ondi.ions. anthracite, gas-retort carbon, and coal tar, would probably be the most suitable. The jK^ventage of eacd. depends greatly on the quality, an. materials are no genera 1 tii: ires can bi- given uuLiI anal.vse.- of th ic various Ihe price of gas-retort earl a certain amount of t ■on is lower than useful part will I (1,000 kilos). le retort carbon wliich cam ■e about tb as for iithracite; but there is always lot be used, and the cost of the r anthracite, or $10 per metric ton lift (Jencral Arrangt-m-eni of iro;A-«._It will b een men are reepiired for the mad nun.ber of unskilled ban unery, ant e seen later on that only the f lis may be i ■ciiuired in addit some irnace projier; but a great ion to this; if the works 30 iirc not. prcip'. riy il< .~if.'Mr(l Irmii tiu In f,'iiiiiiii>r, luid tilti.l witli liilxHir-snviii}^ apiilliuu'cs. Tlic r;i\v iniitcrial iiiu-t lie iciivi viil ns -lion' a lii-tiiiicc ns ])o-;sil)l(', iiml lio trnii>i)i rtrd iiiitdiiiaticall.v as I'ar as ]«.s-ii)li-. 'I'lii' t'licl liill for tlic liakiiit-' will run v< ry liinh if tlif fiiriiin-o arc imt nf tlif viry In-st (•i'iistrii('ti (■oii>ists i.f ^tlllU' break rs and urdinary laavy I'dfic-riiMiii IS. 'I'lu' raw material is eonvi yed by an ( li vatur te the line crn-lnn^r l)lant. fiii-c ('ru.'o necessary tlnit the tar .-honld he heated so tliat it is ipiite liijuid 111 fore mi.vinf; it with the coal. Thf Mi.iii.:/ (./ Colli ifiii! 7'(ii-.-— This i- a vi vy important process. It is dono in a s,, -called wit nii.M r. eonslriieted on much the .same linos as a clay-mi.\er. The raw material is now pa>-ed tliroujrh a kneadin;; piocess, for which cdpe- ruuners are iirc.l. When the carbon mi.xture i> read;-, it -honld be left to settle for >onie lioys in the stori-rooiii, before it fine- to the ju-es-es. I'ri'^fis mill I'lniijiiii'i I'hi ii I .-Thv br-t re-tdts are obtained from exirusioii pre--es workiufT umler very hif.di pri--nre. Klectrodes for steel siiieltinu' furnaces woiilil reipiire a pres>ure of lioo tons. The pnmp:^ ami the i.ecuinulator are of ipiite normal eon-trin'tion. When the (I.ctndes h.|ve been -Ikom d. they niu-l be left to -ettle for at lea^t twenty-four hours. The eleetrod's are iiuw paek.-il into -a,i.'^>-"rs (casette-) of clianioite. (A >]'iciiil di|iartin it eould In- arranged for makint;- the -aL:v<'rs. which wo\dd bo ad\i-iilde if there Wire no lirielay works luar enouf-di to obtain the -a>;Kers clii aji. A -iKiial -iif^Lii r fac-tory i- now tinder construction for the electrode Work- of tile llriti-li Aluminium Company. Limited.) The .-iiac- betwien the liictrode- and the -auirer i, tilled ii|) with anthracite dust, \ihich is there calcined during; the burniiii;' of the electrodes. This i< a Very important featiir(> of tlie pi i --, and the whole amount of the anthracite used for tile manufactiir" of electrode-^ -liould be treated in this manner. Ml iiilhi 'nil's (ins Kilti. — This sy-tem has proved to be superior to any other system-, both a- nfjaril reliability, ea-y control, and saviiifr of fuel. The con- struction i- verv similar to kiln- u-i.l for clianiotte and tirebrick works. 31 TliL' siz" riiiuirt'd t'nr tlii> t'lirlor.v Wdiilil rri[iiirr .sixiccii chiunlirrs, cucli rif wliicli ciiii li(- \v(.;-U('(l iiml ((.iitn'lli d iiiilciniiili iill.v cf tlir ntlicr-. 'I'lii' -ystim of (JTus anil siiiiiki' I'luiiincN, a-; v.\M a< tin.' valvo arratifiiMiiDiU, is sinnmvhat flu'.iKratc, l]\it the i rticiiiuy aiii( Fine ernshinp |ilant, and a--ortinp .-ievis, nii.xer-. . ID.r.no Mi.xinp and kneadinp iilani li.T.'i) Tar heatinp plant l'.i""' I'nmp.-. acc-umnlator~, pre»>i- lO.iMM) Erection of machinery 1,("") L'ulltilipelicie~ I.l'cO $40,0(10 'J'ulal cw7 o/ f,irl,,rii — ]ilaidiinery as pi r the ahow !? 4n.(ioo Factory huildinp- 10>,iiO() !Mendheini"s fiiniace. with pa- pen( ra' and forced draft plant Ti'.ooO Flectric motors, and lipht phiii' :'...",iii1 .Steam hoih r !M)0 Water and st.am i>liie- l.ooo Convey inp aiipliance- -I,."i00 Transmissions 1.T(H1 IJeltinp ilOO Continp' licies 17.500 $250,000 32 Ldljijiir rctiuired — :2 iiii'ii ill cdiir^- crusliiiiK iilaiit * '^"^ •2 imii in fuio cnishinK pliiiit *^"" 1 iiiuii in tnr luntinK plant '-''^ L' men in kiu'iiilinf; plant '•""' 4 nion ill press rcmni 1,000 1 man fur siipiTvisinn of pnnips, pri-sscs ami gcnoral m...l.im.ry ^•^']'^ 1 man in jrcnirutor luul liciiKr ■'■'" l' nu'ii for (■"iitriil i.f furnaces 1.000 ■Ji) men for roMfrli Inli'Uir • ■-"" ■2 foremen '.W« !iil,-.,TOO ]' ((trill cxi>i nsca — Carlioii. ;;,(I0() tons (of l.uoo kilo-) at 4^1" if:;<>,O0oar ■'■'»"" Coal for fienerator ami l.oiK r, :;,nt"i tons at *•">.. .. lo.lHIO Oil anil wutiT Snuuers ami iinlTioK- lirltin- an.) ropair- •'■■'"" Omtinpnoi..- -■•'<«> $00,000 To tleso costs there slionM. of course, l,e ail. Id general costs of adniinis- trntion, a- \v.ll as .lei.reeiation of jilant : and such interest on original expcndi- tnre a^ w.uild eorl■e^poml to a fair proiit. 33 PART IV. Modern Methods for Manufacturing Charcoal. I III ililT' ri lit nil lliM,|, 1 iii|il..vi il in i'l.ri i^ni •■nunlrir- fur llir i-ukinj; <,( 'VhikI 111 tiiriiii.'i . ,,r ovi'ii- .in,| ||ii. n r.iM ry i.f liy-prciliii'ls ]\:\\f prnvril li -■< ic ■iiniiiii-nl 111 Svi.l.n. uliir-c |iriiii-i| iill.v -..fi wm,.,I- ( pinp ami -|ini.'i ) "ri- u-i'.l fur I'likinu, •ll'll: ill 'illliT I lllrli~ wir l-v lllll-ii w I- :iri- llVlllhlMr. 'I'lii- w I ll.^i.l ill Swi.l. II I'.ir ■•i.Uiiifr yii Ifl- a -iniillir |ii rciiifni-'r ..f li,\ |ir'"!'irf.. tli:iii l!ic liiinl «■•,..!, II-,, 1 in t,.|-, i,.Ti ciiiiilrii-. l'',,r tlii- r, ,i-i n lln I'^kii'v: imln-lrv in Sunl, n C-D »^i>,i,',.HL^js':. ^ / ^} .'^ f f ) r f J J I f } f// I'l'-. 7. KlI.N H'K rilMii ,1AI. .Makin',;. lui- li'iii I'l.r I til iiiili/.' t,. till- iilni,i-.t ilrprir tin' ccnnoiiiii'iil iiiiprnvi nirnfi; whirh from tiiiif t., tinii' Ii.-iV,' in in in\,ntiil. iiml at tlii' prr-riit time Swcilcn i-i ill a,i\ancc' ,,1' ,,iliir c.iintri,-. I..,f!i in riuanl tu tli" furnaces ur nveii> cni- |i!'iyi,l aii,l tile treatment ,if the l,y-|,r,,,|iut-. 'J'lic fiilli.wiiifr different tyjK > uf enkiiifr ovens are eniiiluyicl in Sweden: — (1) Ki'rnt. — A muiilier uf mh-Ii oven-; (-ee \"\^. 7) are in n-e. uliieh in priu- cililr i-re .cry similar. 'I'lii' reenvery of liy-prndiiets is li -s in These ovens than .''TIS—.'! (J) Vi.ii'iW ,,i,„.-. Ill ill,-, ,,viii- Ihr ■■.■l iiviiiiliy I miil.i.M ,l III .\iii, ri,'ii. 'I'll'- l^p Ims li"vvr\','r. ii"\v l,i','ii .•^iipiT- -,,!,. I |.v l.ri'lx ,,M 11- li.iil,"! l.v -\-liiii- ,.l' ir,.ii -t'.v,'-. (,<>,' I''i>.'. "< ^ (.'!l Ii;.n r,t.,rl-. 1 1.,l,liii- :il",iit :!.Mi ••ulu<' im Ir, -. I S,," Kij;. I'. ) (1) Slt'tft ftirii'iirx.- Th' sc fiiriKi,-,-; an' i',iii-triict,^l ii- .-^hmvii ii\ Kijr. 10, an, I ,',.ii-i-t .if irc'ii r, ti.rl- with i .\t, ri,T tiriiif.'. ini,l li,'l,l al",iit I'.ii t'lilii,' inctn.-. 'I'll,' «'".,|. \\lii,'li :- I'lit ill li'iif^tln ,'[■ N". is (illirr ,'liiilT< '1 fr,.lli the Impiicr ell (■ .1,. ... ,.._, .._ a: I ,' _ Ma Ul.'ii Ih,- ..jr rati. .11 of .-..kin- i,- r,,i,iiil. I. .1. iIh lrii|, in tlir 1„.||,,|„ ,,f tli.^ '■'''"'' '- "I" " ■!• "ii'l llif ■■■'!<'• f.ill- il.rUM inlM ll„. .•..,, lini; rh.iiiilMr, '||m n 1.., t i, "" " ili;ii„,|i„l.ly f,il,.,| «,||, |>. ,1, u I an.l ih, ,„..,-. ,-, ,„..,|. ,|. \V1„ ,i tli.^ '■'""■'■"■'' " -"tii'i'Mll.v I, rl,r l,;,|, in !l„ l„.t|,„„ ,,|- III,. ,,„,|i„L' ,hiU„l.,T U "l"i"'i. :n,.| l|,r .haiv,.;,! 1 1 ai,-|M,rl. ,1 I., ||„ .1,,., .|„„,-,. |,v „,. .ui, ..f a .■o[iv,y.T. u ^-'O^ D ^G^-=-_, .'^ u ==0^:^ fe. \4;.^vs^ On ac.-. tlir co.-l cukiiij,' ( ccul i> I,,-,,,-, Kl(.. !l.- llKlN KkI'.UT roll i;ilAl»OAL Makin.;. ■mil of the lalioiii-->aviiitr dovir,- with whirli ilii- furnnc.- i< cqiiipp,.,!. of liilioiii- is .■oiiiiiaratiwl.v mi, I'll; an. I it lia- 1.. .-ii pn.vr.l that hy careful .f nfu-f from sauiuills— sii<-li ns >lahs mul v.lKiiii-'s- - tlic n>,ilti,ig char- of th.- .siii.if .iiiality us the first-class charcoal uhtaiucl by coking in 30 •\ |'i:iiii liiill ill II. i-..r,|iiiiii w ilh tin- .-\-liin. Ii.r tin- |.riM|ucl ion ,,( HO.IMX) '"'•"■ "" ' I' 'li.ir'"iil I".- v.iir. ,■,.,!, Ml Sui.liri I iii.liii|iM)i- ..iil.v lli.. rukiiiK luiiinii Willi ii..i-~..iy Miiirliiiii ly nil. I ii|.|iariilii-) iili.nil : l.'.l l.i K ii ( Kiniinr-. (.*1M..'.IMI). ■ '' '-' '"'"• ZLi". <_ ■ -. ■!•• ■■_" I ■• _.^ V ::, ,u,-r,- r., I'l... I". SlIMi Kl|;\\iK MIH ('llAUniAl. MvhlS... 'Ill laliuiir ,-mM |„ I- .Mil.ic' nil Irr ,,1' rliiirmul cum I,,' rnlui-nl tn ;i-i imv im II Ml kr..ii;i (!:;• r.iiio, a, 1.1 tlr fm 1 (■.,i,^iiiiipti..ii Id t.. 1,".', ,,l' tin- .-..kint; U I li-,il. '1 lie li^:uri- Inn ^ivni reft r |i. iiir-ilricil woml. I 37 APPENDIX I. Progress of Electric Smelting in Norway. i:,lr.i,t f,;.m hll.r 1; Dr. Eu.„h, II.mh.I. ll.,,,l,„- ,.f .\l,ii,-<. f,„„i ..„r ../ //,,■ iiiiinhim of II,,' i:i,,l,i, Sli.ijl h'ltih-i. , . .<„■,,!, „. " 1,1 ii\ IK \. Miiiiii '.1. r.Miit, " -^^ ' l"ii'\'il lo 1^. ,,l' iiil, r. -I •..>,. II, |,i,,i t, 11 \,,ii ||,,|| u.- r. .-. iill.v """'■ " ''I''"' f'T ^111 .iMinr -11,1 hiriK I'liiiil ill N.,rw.iy. Tli, lirM iii,|nil,i- """ "'" '"■ '"':!' 'Iii- -iiiiiiiii r. nil. I iii.lu.l.^ uv,, .liali liiru.i.i-, J,:,iKl li.,r-r- l-«.r ..i,-li, „M,| lu,, -ImI fi.iii.i.-.,. i;imi |„„... |,..«,r ,.i,1i. All ll,, liirii„n s „,•.• I.. !..• mii,|,11m| with lu,. |,li,i.,. ,iiM-, lit. ■II, phiiit uill l.,i,.r l„ . \i. i„|r,| wllli I'Mir ninr,- .IimIi r,irii.n', , ,,f ih,. .„mi,. -i/r. aii.l luur -I, , 1 fiiriKi.',- n|' liir^rr >i/c. "At pn-nit ur ;iic l,ii-.v uilli tin \v..rkiiifr ,,iit of lln- ilniwuin- iiii.l ^p-nti- .uti,,,,. fur thi~ plant. i!,^i,|, - 111,. , 1, ,tn,- -in, ltlll^; phmi, il„. i,|,|.,ll,,l ,.,u will i'i''lii'l>' iiKc, a r..lliiiv mill i.^r l.ill.i- ami Hal ir. n, \\\ liasr v^,ry ria-uii |., -"I'l"'-' '''■'' '•■'• I'l'i"' "'II I"' I iv.l.,1 ii, a prrlVnly i,„„|, rii ,ii„l .■..niniir.'ial way, a-- i vrrylliin^,' i- m w!y cji-iKin i|. '■ '^» - ' »' ''"■ 'li-iiwiii>;- arr n aily, \\v -hall l„. ;;Ui,l I,, -, i„l y,,ii mi niill^n,- ■liMuiii^r i.f til. wli.,1,. plaiil, lr..,n wliirl, y,,,, will 1„. aj.lr I., ^, . tl„ airan^.. iii^ ul "!' tlic (jitFi lint part-i. ■■ (.^^iKinil) Olio Shi.iiam:." .•w APPENDIX II. Progress of Electric Smelting in Sweden. Kutnul from / II year:*, and utJ-sK kr 'J'l •-power )ier aimiiiii is 'JTtiD t)ii'.".!».';) ill., next t<.n. le ore is to he hroiipjlit from ( eeiit plio>plioriis. Wistphiil ■ iiiiijiol.erfr, eoiitaiiiiiiK from <'• 1 tol ■!) per ■il,e..>tiiin iihout 2\ k 1" roiiors ($."). (17) at Trollhatteii. It i.s ealeiiliite,! that the eost of pro,iu<-lioTi will !«■ -,\ kr (.ti;!.77) IMT ton pif,' iron. Tiie sale priee is "iS kroiiors (!t;l,").(!(l). WitI lion ol i:.,(MiO tons per year llic' eo.-t i.> calculate,! as folh.ws: - ki'iiaoi s. 'I hree fiiriiace» _ l."0(HM» ''""'- '■'"■ la.OdO CrusliiiiK apparatus for :!,->,()(»(» ton- ore ami 7.(HM) coke.. !t,(_M)0 Kh'ctrio motors, lif,'iitlnf;, etc ' c.ooo Traiispurf of ore ami cike from harhonr l.'i,()(K) Transport of pif; iron and .slag ]l',(I(K) Houses and shelters ^■,^ ^^^^ llarlioiir Works, |evellin^^ etc ].").(MM) l.uhoratory. niifoi-e-ecn, eti\ (!!',) i:il.()(l() J-'''*^'"^''' mm) Workiiifr capital iTidOO .Miiiinum. I'apital -J;!.") (M30 I a proihic * •1(1. .',(1(1 l.(l.'>() •.',4;!(i l,(;:iO 4,().",(l 17,I.'M) l,(l.',(l ,'•..11 10 II.IM) (i,750 (!;!,4.')() MN-, M.m.tkr: A. P. Low. I.r.D.. |.,;,ttv Mini, Kcr.ENK HUNFI., 1>H.I)., PlRKTOn. 1. 10 11 Ifi. 17. EEPORTS AND MAGNETOMETRIC SURVEY MAPS OF ECONOMIC INTEREST ri iii.i-;iii;i) kv tiik M I N i:s M H A N (• H ui; POUTS. Mini,,,. (•,„„liii„„s of tl,.. Kl,„„lik,.. Yuko,,. K..,,„rt ,m-hy Engcne Ilaanol, I'll. I)., 11102. -'■ (inat I.,„„|>li,l,. at Fra„k. Aita. l{,.,,ort ,.„-l,.v H. (i. McConnoU an,I H. \V. Krock. .M..\., l!Ki;j. !. I„v(MiK.',!in„ „f ,1„. ,iifr,.n„t f.Ir.tro-tl„n„if i,ro,Tss,..s for the smelting of iro„ on-s, ami ll„. making of st.ol, in opiration in K„ro,x.. Keport of Si„,Mnl ('on>mi>-ion -l,y Engrno naaiid, Ph.D.. l!)ol. (Ont of print.) ■ Itnppnrt ,1,. la Conimi-.in,, „o,„n„.,. po„r rtinli. r l.> ,liv,i-s pro,.,-,io.5 .-.Irctro- th,i-n,>,,M..s p„„r la ,-,-.,l„..tion ,!.■, n,i„,Tais ,{,. Ur- vt la fahri.-afion ,lo ImM.r ,,i,pln.v,-.s ,.„ Europe. ( Er,„,-h Edition), imi5. (0„t of print ", . On the lo,alion an,| ...xan.ination of magnetic ore deposits by magnetomotrie meHMii(„ieiits. Eugene llaaiiel, Ph.])., V.»\i. ■ I.in,e0,-,. (Oidy .1 few eopies availalde.) Zine Resonre-.s of Hriti^h Colnmhia and the renditions Affecting their Exp o„at,on. Report of the Con.mission appointed to invest igate-hv ^^. R. Inpalls, 1<>05. E.xperiments n,a,le at Sanlt Ste. Marie, nnder fJovernment auspices in the .«n,elt,ng of Canadjan iron ores by the electro-thermic process. Final Repriiiti': Their Mnniifiictnrr nml I'>cs in Kiiropo -hy Krik X.v^trimi. M.E., 1!M)S. 20. Iron Ore Dpi^isila of Nova S<'otin. Ri'iiort on (Part 1)- by Dr. J. E. Wood- ninn. 21. Siim.nnry Ri\y«Tt of Mines I; .meli, 100T-S. V-J. Iron Ore neposits of 'I'linnder liny nnd Rainy River distriet.-i. iJeport on -- by F. Hille, M.E. 21. Ceneral Report (Jti tlit> Afinintr and MetalliirfWenl Indu.stries of ("Hiiada. 25. The Tnnpsten Ores of ("ana.la. Report on--by Dr. T. 1,. Walker. 2G. 'J'hn .Mineral Prodnrtioii of Canada, lltof.. Aiinnal Report on- by .lobn MeT.eish, R.A. 27. The Mineral Production of Canada, liMis. Preliminary Report on— by John AfeLeish. R.A. 2S. Summary 7{eport of Mines Rraiieh. lOOS, ;!(). Investitfation of the Peat I'.ofts an, S\v<'deh. Reix>rt on— by Eucenc TIaanel. Ph.D. IN THK IMiKSS. 23. Iron Ore I)e|Misits alonf.' the Ottawa ((Quebec side) and (iatiiu'an rivers. Report on — by Fritz Cirkel. M.E. 2!). Chrome Iron Ore l)cp<.>its of the Eastern Townships, ^[onopraph on — by Fritz Cirkel, .M.E. ^, Suiiplementary Section: Exjieriments with Cliro- niite at McCiill I'liiversit.v— by Dr. J. P>. Porter.) IN TKKP.MIATION. Iron Ore Deposits of Vanc(.uver and Texada Islands. R<-port on— by Einar Liiideman, M.E. Coal and Coal Miiiinfr in Xova Scotia, lieport on — by J. (!. S. Hudson, M.E. Chemical Analy-es of Si)ecial Economic Importance made in the Labora- tories of the Department of Mines, l!IOi;-7.>*. Report on —by F. (!. Wait, M.A., F.(".S. MAPS. 0. iliipnetonietric Survey of CalahoKii' mine, Bapot township, Renfrew county. Vertical Intensit.v- by E. X.vstritm. M.E., 1004. 13. ilapnetoni'tric Survey of the Belmont Iron mines, Belmont township, Peter- borciufih county, Ontario — by B. F. Haanel. B.Sc, l!t(l.5. 11. Mapnetometric Survey of thr Wilbur mine, I.avant fow.i.ship, Lanark county, Oiitari<^— by B. F. Haanel, B.Sc, 100,5. 1.1. Mapnet.. metric Survey of Imn Ore Deposits at Austin brook, Bathurst towu- shi)!, (iloucister county, X.B. Vertical Intensit.v— by E. Liiideman, ^I.E., 1006. .'!«, Survey of Mer Bh^ue Peat Bop, Cloucester township, Carleton eonnfy, and Cumberland township, liussell county, Ontario— by Erik X'ystnim, JI.E., and .S. A. Anrep, Peat E]xpert. .1 ^MirX^. -X^Yfb^r '»••/-». xii •IT. Survry of Alfrc.l Pi-iit Bofr, Alfn.l luM ("ule.lonia townships, Pnwott .•oii.,l,v, Oiitiiiii^-l.v Krik Nystr.mi. .M.K.. and S. A. Anrcp, iVat Expert, :\s. Siiiwy (.f W'llim.l I'ciit HoK. Wniiitl.'it ami IIuni\..rsti.HP t.nvnships. VV.llaii.l .M.MMty, ()iitari.>-I.y KriU N'ystri.m, M.K.. and S. A. Anrep. I'cat Kxpirt. ;;i). Survey (,f N.winumn 1". at 15..?,'. ()-iui1.r,i.-k. I^.xl...r..u^'ll, and ('„rn\vall towu- >liips. Storniniit ruunty. Ontario -\>y Krik N'yslnaii. M.K., an.l S. A. Anrcp, I'rat K.\p eounly. Ontario— l,y II., wells Frechette, M.Sc, 1000. :U. Mami.tonietric Survey. Vertical Inteii-ity: I-oK _> and :!. Conccssi.ni VI. Mayo tf>wn>!iip, I^astin^-s county, Ontario— l.y IIowclls Frechette, M.Sc :;.-,. Maunotemetrie Sur\ey. Vertical Inten.-ity: Lot- 1(t. 11 and 1-', Concession IX, and Lot- 11 and 1:.', Conce-ion VIII, Ma.vo township. Hastings connt.v, Ontario^-l.y llowdl- Frechette, M.Sc. 1iM)0. I\ I'ULl'.SK.M'ION. MaKiietonietrie Snrvy of Unren .Mountain mine, Tiniat.'anii Forest Rfscrv. , Ontario— by P.. F. llaaiiel. P.Sc. Masnatonietric Survey of Lot T A, HauKo 5, L.-ds towniship, Quebec— by • li. F. llaonel, 15.Sc. MafiintoHietric Survey of S..nie Iron Ore Oceurr. nccs in British Cohtnibia -by Kinar Lindcnian, .M.F.. NoTK.- .\11 «pplie.>tioi.s for Hep.uts. or Map- l-sueil by the Muie. Hr.',uch ot the Departincnt of Mines, .-houhl Ije ;uldrf-sPil to KrOENE IIAANEL, Ph.D.. J)iir