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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmis en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iSlustration et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparahra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon Ie cas: ie symbols — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE ', Ie symbols 7 signifie "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmis d des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 A partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant Ie nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ' ^OVA SCOT/4 PROVINCE HOUSE >%^#=^. fJl m-^ jfw^ f^-jAO'^ nrntmnkh features «f onesided free trade AS AFPI.IBD TO TKB OOIiOlWBS « WITH «.«« HOW TO ISCAFE THE FKTTEE. OF BR.T,8H POL.CT fc» MK»»t OF A FEDERAL UNION OF THE PROVINCES : IN CONNBCTIOU WITH THB HALIFAX AND QUEBEC RAILWAY. B¥ A CbliONIST. If anv doubts hithertq eJtisted io ll»e minds of «J>epeopJe of Britiijfi Ndrlh America as to tfaeYenrfency and uUxmatt object to^e gained by the Colonial policy hereafter to be pursued by the Government of Great Britain towards these Colonies, Lord John RusscH's Speech in the House of Commons on the bth ol February last, ought to be considered conclusive «» ^liu head. The Speech of the noble Premier, taken in connection with a certain Despatch addressed to the Government of New Brunswick by the Colonial Office, forbidding to give BounUes for the encouragement of the Fisheries, augurs anything bu. a fostering care on the part of the United Kingdom towards the (so-called) British North American Provinces. . ,.•,•„ The lime has arrived, however, when the people mbabiang those Provinces must act for themselves; and it 's »» ^ncou- rae-inK and gratifying omen that-such a man as the Hon. a. H.^Cogswell, of Halitlx, has taken the ead in the emancipa- tion of those Colonies from the - hob-nair Policy, which the pres« .. Government of Great Britain ai^ attempting toj^ upon the enterprize of the Colonies, under the specious but flimsy cuise of free trade. . mi - Let Mr. Cogswell persevere, and these Colonies wijl some day testify thai they owe him a debt of gratitude, which will grow as these Provinces will increase m P«-o«P.^"*>; \"^^Jr name of "Cogswell" will contrast favorably with those who have attained place, power and pelf, by pleading popular in- stitutions, whilst all the influence of their a;?^'"'-^^4 ^i^"''"!.,!'^ these means, is now thrown into the scale of unmitigated J?iee Trade, having for its object the aggrandisement of mjinutac- tunng capitalists of Great Britain, and the entire paralysis of Colonial enterprise to attain that end. The fad, as reported by the Halifax I*rQSS, that the Hon. Provincial Secretary of Nova Scotia has given notice of a Re- solution which Ac intends to submit, to authorize tbe Govern- ment to issue debentures payable in twenty years, at tour per ?ent to build a Railway from Halifax to Windsor, is su^ci- ent proof of his dispo.i.-ion to fetter and thwart the practunl scheme propounded by Mr. Cogswell »« ^evelope tV. natu.al resources of these Provinces. The course w^hich he has thus adopted, no doubt meets the concurrence "^ his colleagues, (as he is considered the Prime Minister of that Colony) and he approbation of the Colonial Ofiice ; yet, if the Pe^P'^ «/jhe British .Provinces are true to themselves, tbeyjiH soon teach this free-trade alliance between mock Responsible Government and Downing-street domination, that they arp neither to be \ji •¥ amused with kite-flyivg on (his side of the Atlantic, as in time gone by, ..or intimulaled from asserting what thei conceive ;L'7o1o""al Office;"^"^''"'^' ^^^" ^^^^ ^^^-^ dLtastefnl t^ Let the people ponder this startling fact : that the fumlnmm tal feature of the free-trade Colonial %licjs as e^,;S7rv' Lord John Russell and endorsed by the Colonial Gove nrnent of Nova ScotM, ,s based u^on fostering and extending lirithhfn. whole result of whar. I have to say, ie, in the first pla^-e tha^ whatever discontents do prevail-and in some Colonies com plaints do prevail, which, it must be owned, are wel founded -in respect to the transition, to them, perchance a Viinn,! transition from a system of monopoly (as regards the Colon es to a system of free trade, we oughf-not to |o back, in any re^ spect from the principles of free trade, but to impre upSn the Colonies that we are at liberty to obtain productions froni other countries, which may produce them bitter and "heaped than these Colonies; and that the Colonies, on the othei hand will be at liberty to trade with all parts of the world in he manner that appears to them mosfadvantageous and that in future will be a cardinal point in our policy (foud cheers ''- Again, his Lordship says : "As regards the North American nlp n"?' ?h " "r 7 ^'^^ '° S'"" ''"" «^°P^ »° the will of he peo pie of those Colo«ies,-to enable them to work their wav to this"count.|'"'""^' ''"^^ ''^" 'y "^^^"« °f ordinZcrLl It is to be presumed, that his Lordship was not aware that while he was preparing the free-trade speech which he wa^' hen delivering, interlarded with so many constitutional iW tions. his compeer. Earl Grey, or Mr. Hawes of the CcTonia of fice was dictating an " ordinance" circumscribing hrrights of the people of New Brunswick, as to the mode bes"caK ed to keep th.t Colo ly in a dependant state, brforbSe he exercise of their own discretion to foster their Fisheries which, next to agricultural pursuits, is now their aichor of hope to save them from ihe ^^ foaming Cw' of "enu" which British legislation has plante fround them But S Lordship was aware of ordinances wL.ch still have full force which prevent the North American Colonies " from gvin?^ full scope to the will of the people, to enable them rwork^hpii own prosperity." Had his Lordship stated thT act^l t.te if things as they exist with respect to one of those cI'iCTno- va Sc_otia, he should have said: " ordinances" from this coun- try (England) do seal up to monopolists in thrrretronX (London) the vast mineral resources of that Colinv for s^'tv years ; and in 1846. my nobl. friend. Earl GreTand mvsel? legalized that monopoly, as far as the authoritv^of^he Crown could give the appearance of leffalitv to that trTr.n^^*- u granting a Royafcharter to a pa?ty wVose offic^ rar^a^'oij Broad-street, and my official knowledge of the Firm i such Is to warrant me in stating that the Royal prerogative was /J' ciously exercised towards an important interest of tlTis g "eat . I i i i 1 r f t 'f 4' i4 i country. Although' I do not know personally the Directors of ihe General Mining Association, yet, I know that they are greatly interested in the metal trade of this country, and th&t the " operatives" in the various counties, in their employ, tell well at contested elections in support of Her Majesty's Govern- ment and free trade. So long, therefore, as that charter shall have effect, there is but little chance of that poor Colony work- ing their way to such prosperity as will materially interfere with the iron trade of this country, or that they will manuX' Lot>. lansfiehl has declared^ that whatever right the ^d at .unquest of the Colony, having, by irocl^w.,^!... - /'' '♦ <' ■< 'c rights, it was out of his power to establish arbit, . ry i.j'..aai^ns. The Crown had no right or poweti posterior to Goveruoi Lawrence's Proclamation, to make any reserves whatever except the quit rent therein specified. Haliburton, the Provincial historian, and now one of ihe Judges of the Colony, has styled this Proclamation " The Charter of Nova Scotia." Let Novascotians answer the call made by the Honorable H. Cogswell ' start the Halifax and Quebec Railway in a spirit worthy of the undertaking. Let them meet, deliberate, take stock, and nominate Mr. Cogswell and four other gentle- men, and ask the Lieutenant Governor to appoint them Com- missioners to negotiate such preliminaries as mp.y be deemed necessary with the Imperial Government, the Provinces of New Brunswick and Canada, and Capitalists in England, to prosecute this national enterprise to a speedy conclusion, in conformity to the provisions of the Act passed last Session for that purpose. The Commissioners, thus properly clothed with the necessary authority, would go into the English market to Hell stock and borrow money, with the resolution of the Legis- lature pledging the Revenue to the extent of ^20,000 sterling annually for the interest of j£500,000, which amount should be taken in Railway stocky an equal amount would soon be raised on Mr. Cogswell's scheme upon the Crown Lands in the Counties of Halifax, Hants, Colchester, and Cumberland, mo»? especially when it is known ir» London, on the authority of Lord John Russell, that the mines and minerals of Nova Scotia are not vested in the Crowns nor in the General Mining Association, but belong to the inhabitants who are now, or here- after may be, proprietors of the soil. But in order to accom- plish this, the people must take the initiation of " waj s and means" to obtain the end ; they must not trust to the officials of the Colonial governments, who are in the leading strings of the Colonial office, and managed by such disir>terestecl and clearsighted engineer as the President of the Railway Com- missioners of White Hall. From indications which passing events too plainly record to be misunderstood, the day is not distant when Brtish North America will forma Federal Union of the Provinces. Their first act should be, to take measures to connect the shores of Lake Superior with Halifax har- bour, thus securing to the farmers of Canada the markets of these Lower Provinces and England, who require their surplus produce, debarred as they now are from the American market, by high duties on the one side, and from their legitimate mar- kets on the other, by physical barriers for six months in each year, which naught but a railway can remove, and to them this would be a great boon. Manufactures would follow, villages would rise w.lich would create a ready market for the farmers here : St. John and Halifax would soon vie with Boston and New York, and would require all our surplus agricultural pro- duce in fresh meat and vegetables— Canada would supply bread and salted provisions, we, in return, would send them hardware and fish in abundance. In short, of this we may rest assured, that " the united Provinces of Btitish America'' possess elements of national greatness not surpassed by any portion of the British dominions. With sufficient reliance upon our own resources, we can not only complete the Halifax and Quebec Railway in five or six years, but lay the basis of future prosperity on that undertaking, wh^ch will realize more favourable results than any anticipation ho\/ever sanguine. Since writing the foregoing remarks, I have been reading the speech of the Hon. Mather Byle Almon, of Halifax, who, it seems, in this instance, leads in the Legislative Council the principles of free trade with the United States. The Ho- norable gentleman seizes upo i the occasion to uncork some of his geological and mineral knv^wledge of the wealth of Nova Scotia, as a prelude to the apparent object he had in view. But we must let him speak as he is reported :— " Within twelve miles of the coal at Piclou, which lies in a stratum of 36 feet in depth, is a layer of iron (at McLelland's mountain), said to measure sixteen feet in thickness ; yet the iron required for the mining operation is imported, being conveyed a distance of 3000 miles. It is brought in the rude state, and is smelted on r nberland, authority i of Nova 3/ Mining ', or here- o accom- wajs and le officials strings of ested and ivay Com- h passing [lay is not ral Union measures lifax har- narkets of lir surplus tn market, mate mar- is in each ) them this V, villages le farmers Boston and Itural pro- ild supply send them s we may ! America" id by any It reliance he Halifax he basis of :alize more guine. reading the IX, who, it louncil the The Ho- icork some th of Nova view. But thin twelve of 36 feet n), said to ired for the distance of smelted on r i,v ( I I the very ground where the iron exists in abundance. Why h this? Tne company who work the coal mines have already e\ jended on these Irom ^£400,000 to ^£500,000 in the Pro- vince, and that has not been found sufhcient." It is an old saying, that those who fabricate wondrous tales, and relate them, should have good memories. I will not charge the Hon. Mather Byle Almon with stating what he may not possibly know to be untrue ; but I will state Jacts and Jigures too plain to be disputed, and which may probably assist him from falling into a similar error on a future occasion. The whole capital of the General Mining Association is limited, both by the Deed of the Association and the Royal Charter, to ^€400,000 sterling ! ! ! Can the Hon. Gentleman plead igno- rance of that fact ? Will the Hon. Councillor, then, explain to the people of Nova Scotia how it happens that the shares of the General Mining Association are now quoted in the Mining Journal of London at £\B per share, if they have expended from j£400,000 to jfiSOO.OOO, when their capital is limited to j€400,000, more especially when a few yearc ago (when they had the chancery suit on hand) the shares were selling from £3 to £5 per share. Since the Hon. Gentleman has volun- teered to give the country information as to the expenditure of this Company, perhaps he might condescend to answer the fol- lowing questions, having some bearing upon their receipts : — What are their dividends, and how declared 1 How often do they hold general meetings of the shareholderc, and submit an account of profits and loss ? How happens it that a general meeting of the shareholders had not been held since 1842, until June, 1849, if their affairs were in such an unpropitious state as alleged by him? And why refuse the Reporter of the London Mining Journal, or any other representative of the London Press, admission to the meeting held in June last ? If their operations are legitimate, why have recourse to secrecy ? Let Mr. Almon rest assured, that the Jinesse of parading ex- penditureSi without the offset of receipts, will no longer deter colonists from a searching investigation, or scare them from undertaking mining operations commensurate with their means and prospects of success. If the statement already made be correct, that 131,565 tons of coals were exported to the United States for the year ending the 30th of June, (and the return is an official one from the Custom House Books of America), then that Company must have pocketed (of which the Hon. Mather Byle Almon is said to be one) the sum of 197,330 dollars from the exports ; and if one-fourth be added for the quantity consumed at home, the amount would be 246,681 dollars I 1 Great as this sum is, to a poor country like Nova Scotia, to contribute yearly to the millionaires of 52, Old Broad-street, yet the sum is but a tfifle when compared to the injury inflicted upon the country, when the price they charge for coal is such (hat no manufacture can be started with any prospect of sue-. B ' 4! 8 ) ^ Will the people submit to such imposition with pawive inFfference? If hey will, let them cease to consider themselves Sh. or worthy of the privileges which Lord John Russell decfurea pertains 4 th.". as British subjects, and which, he .avs!s a cardinal point in his colonial pohcy-take h.m at h.s word sLrt the Railway, and before the Erst m.le is laul, he Tea e'and charter of the'monopoly will be as detunct as he Corn Laws and Navigations Acts. In conclusion, the opinion «iven bv The English llailway commissioners, as expressed by Cwf Harne"! "that rhe ^Halifax and Quebec Radway, as a comme crar speculation, would be an impnident undertaking, nalTes strongly of the desire too generally diffused among fnterested manuLturers in England, to keep those Colonies as a rre " bTeTkwater" (to use the signiacant phraseology of the irJon r^mes) to repel the annexing propensity of their most formidable rival, must^e repudiated by every enlightened mind wl/a has^i^^ the spllndid elements of sustentatmn which te„o^^rs to this grand and now indispensable under- '* Affer die most searchmg and impartial investij,ratipn, the wrUer i^ convinced, that in Tess than ten years alter its comp^e- Uonkwill pay handsome dividends, and in ^ss than half a centunsNova^Scotia and New Brunswick will occupy, in Nor h Ame ick a similar position to )^hat Great Britain now does in E^o^ with respect to manuHictures of hardware and cutlery. LetXw Brunswick and Canada produce their Cogswells, re- snectiveTv. with competent colleagues as commissioners, and Sch an amlnt of British capital and sk ll wdl be infused into he Provinces as no other project could induce across the At- antic This is what is wanted to give confidence m England, and vou w H soon have m?n to visi. the country who under- stand and c|n estimate !• vflue of the resources which tW country offe* to investments, dne success wdl lead to another, TdlLountry would soon be ^^^^f^^^^^^^,^^^^^^^^ •nunts of interesled partes *ho magnify the diBicult esot mm roperatrons i„ the^ Colonies, to "deter the mhab.tants ro.a Sthe sheets they now enpy "-.f ^^f^^^^S' cord b- continual deference to one side of the ledger, wnicn recoru l:^^ture of twenty-four years without deigning to give the remotest hint of the receipts on the other ^»de. ^ Once for all, let the Colonies call to mmd thr umtea liun dleofSt^ls" The Railway is the girdle that wdl bind toge- tr{wo'mniionsof BrmshLl>jects, animated w^^^^^^^^^ of the stock from which they spring, who ^^^P f^^/° '?^, J'_! LLr what they believe belongs to them as a matter o^rtghtj iltZ upon the impulse which inspire those who a^opt as their ^i;;jl'f. Those who wpuld be free, themselves J^^^sl^t^^^^^'^^- blofr." ' PrlDted by H. CUubb * Co. St. John, N. B. \ •1- ;#iKjf5Si-is»»= ?.