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 Sciences 
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 6 
 
I 
 
 REVELATION AND SCIENCE. 
 
 A SERMON 
 
 PBRAOHBD IN 
 
 $t §m^n ^mt\f ftmnMk Canak (gasl. 
 
 TULl 1, 1864, 
 
 AT THE ANNUAL OONVOOATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF 
 
 BISHOP'S COLLEGE. 
 
 J. H. THOMPSON, M. A. 
 
 Cakom of CnniST Cnciicn Cathhdual, JIontrbal, and formerly Habbold 
 
 PBOFKSSOU of DxVIMITY and UkUBHW in 13I8HOP'b Colltob. 
 
 •^•f-tTirt r * r « ^ *i 
 
 I 
 
 Pontvrnl: 
 
 PRINTED BY JOHN LOVELL, ST. NICHOLAS STREET. 
 
 1864. 
 
 
L 
 
 The MS of this sermon was ^ven me, at my request, 
 by the author; and as I conceive it to contain a valuable 
 prScis of the duties and obligations of students and scholars 
 in an institution such as ours, I have had it printed for cir- 
 culation among the students of the University, and pupils of 
 the Junior department, earnestly praying their attention to 
 its contents, and that with the blessing of God it may aid 
 their progress in becoming good Christians, gentlemen, and 
 scholars. 
 
 J. S. McCORD, 
 Chamoellor. 
 
 Bishop's Oolliok, /t/'*', 1664. 
 
 I 
 i 
 
 f 
 
REVELATION AND SCIENCE. 
 
 1 Tim. vi, 20. 
 " Oppositions of science falsely so called." 
 
 The passage selected for our text is, when rightly 
 understood, a striking example of the wide appli- 
 cability of Scripture, while it also furnishes us 
 with certain cautions much needed by the student, 
 in view of the intellectual dangers to which he is 
 at the present time most exposed. " Timothy," 
 Bays the Apostle, addressing the young and ardent 
 Bishop of Ephesus, "keep that which is com- 
 mitted to thy trust, avoiding profane and vain 
 babblings and oppositions of science falsely so 
 called." The meaning of these words is simple 
 and obvious. They declare that there is a certain 
 body of truth, divinely given, once delivered to 
 the saints, to which we must cling ; and they also 
 warn us against that pretence of knowledge which 
 would array one part of God's works against 
 another— God in the Bible against God in Nature. 
 But these words -yill strike us with much 
 greater force if we consider the exact errors they 
 were meant to combat, and the place which they 
 
 * I mi 
 
 'u 
 
4. 
 
 occupy in Holy Scripture. The Epistles to Timothy 
 are the latest written by St. Paul. They date from 
 his second imprisonment at Rome, and did not 
 long precede his death. They mark a great change 
 in the sentiments and trials of the church. The 
 early days of St. Paul's apostleship were one con- 
 tinued struggle with the Judaizing party. He 
 was compelled to defend the perfect sufficiency of 
 Christ's Atonement by every means at his com- 
 mand — by argument, by authority, by illustration, 
 by the Law and by the Prophets. This is the 
 burden of his earlier teaching : Christ alone jus- 
 tifies; Christ alone sanctifies, without the inter- 
 vention of any other thing, whether of Jewish 
 observance or of mere human eJffort. Then came 
 a period of comparative peace, when the churches 
 were reduced into order and system. Soon, how- 
 ever, new adversaries arose. The Judaizers had 
 disappeared, but, by a startling revolution, the 
 pendulum swung to the other extreme, and a 
 school arose, which, instead of outward formal- 
 ism, made their boast of superior illumination. 
 They sat in judgment upon Christianity, accepted 
 or explained away its doctrines as they pleased, 
 and proposed, in its place, a great eclectic system, 
 made up of fragments borrowed from all the 
 religions of the day. Here was the first dawn of 
 
 C 
 
rimothy 
 ate from 
 did not 
 b change 
 h. The 
 one con- 
 ty. He 
 iency of 
 lis com- 
 stration, 
 is IS the 
 one jus- 
 le inter- 
 ' Jewish 
 en came 
 shurches 
 on, how- 
 zers had 
 ion, the 
 ;, and a 
 
 formal- 
 lination. 
 accepted 
 pleased, 
 I system, 
 
 all the 
 dawn of 
 
 those errors which, under the name of Gnosticism, 
 inflicted such terrible injury on the Church for 
 above one hundred years, and which the later 
 books of Scripture, the Epistles to Timothy and 
 Titus, and those of St. John and St. Jude, seem 
 especially calculated to meet. 
 
 We see then in the space of about forty years 
 an almost entire change in the tendencies of re- 
 ligious error. The new heresy was even more 
 dangerous than the old. The former associated 
 certain legal observances with Christ, but the 
 latter reduced him to a mere emanation from God, 
 an aeon, a phantom. It denied the literal truth of 
 the Resurrection (2 Tim. ii. 18), and said that it 
 was already past. It discredited the Scriptures, 
 and offered instead a mass of fancies and theories 
 and shreds of other systems, as a substitute for 
 the Word of God, and for that simple but sub- 
 lime Creed " with which the Church was born." 
 
 And have we not here, my Brethren, a lesson 
 the meaning of which was by no means exhausted 
 in the Apostolic age ? It is not once only in her 
 history that the Church has had to struggle against 
 superstition on one liand and Rationalism on the 
 other. Has not our own history as a Church dur- 
 ing this century some strong points of resemblance? 
 Sixty years ago she was buried in formalism and 
 
 f 
 
a barren outward morality. The Evangelical 
 party first aroused us from our slumbers, as St. 
 Paul opposed the Judaizers. They preached and 
 taught and wrote till the whole Church was awak^ 
 ened. But their teaching was mainly subjective. 
 The work done needed to be fixed and established. 
 Then came the great Oxford movement, to which 
 we are indebted for the revival of the true spirit 
 of Churchmanship, for the great extension of the 
 Episcopate, for the consolidation of the Church on 
 its true principles of Evangelic truth and Apos- 
 tolic order. This may be paralleled with that 
 second stage of St. Paul's labors, when he revisited 
 the Churches he had founded, and established an 
 uniform ecclesiastical system in the chief scene* 
 of his success. And now, when all seemed to 
 prosper, and a prospect more glorious than any she 
 had yet seen was opening before the Church, a 
 new class of trials and dangers rises to view. As 
 the Gnostics and Gnosticizing Jews arose to 
 trouble the flourishing and united Church of 
 Ephesus ; so have we in the midst of our energy 
 and success been startled and crippled by the out-» 
 break of a new and subtle infidelity. Cliristianity 
 is denied or explained away, the light of Human 
 Reason, the verifying faculty as it is called, i» 
 exalted as a judge over all that God has declared 
 
m^'. 
 
 agelical 
 , as St. 
 Led and 
 jn awak" 
 ►jective, 
 blished. 
 3 which 
 le spirit 
 L of the 
 urch oa 
 d Apos- 
 th that 
 e visited 
 ihed an 
 i" scene* 
 med to 
 any she 
 urch, a 
 w. As 
 rose to 
 irch of 
 energy 
 ;he out- 
 itianity 
 Human 
 lied, i» 
 eclared 
 
 and revealed; and out of the vast complex of 
 creeds and sects and religions we are led to hope 
 for some Church of the Future, the creation of 
 human wisdom, and of the progressive ameliora- 
 tion of our race — a Church more united and com- 
 prehensive and enlightened and glorious than 
 anything which our fallen earth has yet witnessed. 
 Such is the danger which menaces us, such the 
 tempting prospect set before us, by men whose 
 eloquence and ability and learning should have 
 adorned a better cause ! And how is their end 
 to be carried out? By persuading the student 
 that the idea of the peculiar inspiration of Scrip- 
 ture is a calamitous mistake, which cripples the 
 spirit of free enquiry, and leaves nothing for the 
 mind but to accept, without doubt or question, 
 whatever claims Inspiration for itself. And 
 having reduced Scripture to the level of an 
 ordinary record, they next seek to establish a 
 hopeless contradiction between the discoveries of 
 Modern Science and the ar^^ent popular phrase- 
 ology of the Bible. They er. ggerate the divisions 
 and shortcomings of Chri^ ii us, and exalt what- 
 ever traces may be found u ;i iigst the Heathen of 
 that Light which lighteth o '* /y man that cometh 
 into the world. And thus, by alternately pulling 
 down our faith in the historic truth of Christianity, 
 
 
8 
 
 and by exalting the efforts of mere Human Reason 
 unaided by Revelation, in its search after religious 
 truth, the ground is gradually cleared for the 
 realization of that gorgeous but cloudy vision 
 which they have held before our eyes. 
 
 And what is the safeguard to protect us in these 
 temptations, so powerful with the ardent and en- 
 thusiastic student ? We must remember that the 
 first, the earliest part of a Christian's duty, is to 
 believe what is delivered, not to investigate what 
 is revealed. We are to keep that great deposit 
 of Faith and Practice committed to our trust. 
 We are to believe it with all our hearts, love it 
 with all our strength, project our very selves into 
 it, and live for it as our chief end. Thus guarded 
 we are safe. No one who has felt the inward 
 strength and peace of the Gospel will seek to 
 quench his thirst at the broken cisterns of man's 
 devices, however fair and beautiful they may 
 appear. " If any man will do His will, he shall 
 know of the doctrine whether it be of God." A 
 student thus armed may safely encounter the diffi- 
 cult problems of Science. He may pursue his path 
 unshrinkingly, with no lurking dread lest in the 
 long run an impassable gulf should be opened 
 between Nature and Revelation. He need not 
 fear, for Truth is mighty and shall prevail, though 
 
 f^ 
 
M 
 
 a Reason 
 
 religious 
 
 for the 
 
 y vision 
 
 in these 
 
 and en- 
 that the 
 ty, is to 
 ite what 
 
 deposit 
 ir trust. 
 
 love it 
 ves into 
 guarded 
 
 inward 
 seek to 
 f man's 
 3y may 
 he shall 
 )d/' A 
 ;he diffi- 
 tiis path 
 b in the 
 opened 
 ied not 
 though 
 
 all the blasts of error be let loose into the sky. 
 Humility will keep him from dogmatizing on un- 
 certain grounds and undecided issues ; Faith will 
 triumph over the perplexities which arise from 
 difficulties yet unsolved ; and the blessing of God 
 will rest upon him who has conscientiously devoted 
 his toil and his talents to the elucidation of the 
 works of God, whether of Nature or of Grace. 
 
 Would we mark the real analogy between the 
 visible and invisible worlds, between God and 
 Nature, we would bid you take especial heed of 
 the peculiar character of our Saviour's teaching. 
 The sceptical philosopher would set up antitheses, 
 oppositions between Science and Religion. But 
 our Lord's delight was to teach by Parables, 
 in which He sets alongside some great spiritual 
 truth its earthly counterpart. His are no casual 
 coincidences, no arbitrary illustrations. They are 
 linked together by a law of secret affinity. We 
 have learned by the prismatic spectra that the 
 same metallic bases exist in the sun and moon as 
 in the earth, and thus conclude that the vast uni- 
 verse is homogeneous, made up of similar materials, 
 and obeying the same fundamental laws. Not less 
 certain is the harmony between the natural and 
 spiritual worlds. The earthly Tabernacle was 
 made after the Pattern of things in the heavens 
 
 ^a 
 
10 
 
 (Heb. ix. 23); and in that glorious Psalm of 
 Nature, the 104th, the Psalmist describes the 
 beauty of the material world under images bor- 
 rowed frorri the Sanctuary. He that is really a 
 seeker after truth will readily perceive and ac- 
 knowledge these mysterious harmonies; and, as 
 Archbishop Trench somewhere observes, the ques- 
 tion suggested by the Angel in Milton will often 
 be forced upon hie meditations : 
 
 " What if Esrth 
 Be but the shadow of Heaven, and things thereiu 
 Each to other like, more than on earth ig thought." 
 
 How little, again, does the great Apostle of the 
 Gentiles shrink from the appeal to Natural Re- 
 ligion. He blames those who shut their eyes to 
 its teaching, and refase to learn the invisible 
 things of God from the things that are seen. He 
 instances the grain buried and dying in the earth, 
 yet upapringing in new life, as an example of our 
 Resurrection. He sends us to the Vineyard and 
 to the Field, to the mystical relation of man 
 and wife, to the union oi the members in the 
 body, to learn therefrom truths of the deepest 
 concernment. He at least was cognizant of no 
 contradiction between the Worlds uf Sight and 
 Spirit. Heaven and Earth wore to liiin as parts 
 of one grand harmonious whole, in which the one 
 God uf Order and of Love was carrying out His 
 
 
11 
 
 great designs, now according to a higher law, and 
 now according to a lower. It is no derogation to 
 the Supreme Being to suppose that He should 
 sometimes supersede the lower by the higher law. 
 Even man himself, God's vicegerent upon earth, 
 has this power in a limited degree. The stone 
 which would fall to the earth by the power of 
 gravity, can be supported or hurled upwards by 
 the free will of man. And so surely can the 
 Almighty Author both of Nature and of Grace, 
 reveal to us what He pleases and as He pleases, 
 and support that Revelation by Miracles and by 
 Prophecy, without any real opposition or contra- 
 diction to those general principles on whicli His 
 natural government of the world is at other times 
 carried on. 
 
 Permit me now to apply what has been said to 
 the studies of this place, and to the tone and tem- 
 per in which they should bo pursued. 
 
 It has been the constant desire of the Church 
 of England, that the clergy and laity should be 
 educated together, until they enter upon the 
 studios appropriate to their respective lines in life. 
 Up to that point indeed, their studies and aims 
 ought to bo tlie saino. Th(;ol)jectof all education 
 worthy of the name is to teach men to think logi- 
 cally and correctly, and to clothe their thought* 
 
12 
 
 in suitable language. Hence comes the need of 
 classical and mathematical studies, the two might- 
 iest auxiliaries to Right Thinking and Right 
 Speaking. Hence the value of a thorough ac- 
 quaintance with history and the writers of the 
 past, that the mind may be stored with ideas, and 
 may reap the fruits of human experience. A man 
 thus trained and matured is equal to the require- 
 ments and difficulties of any profession, whether 
 in secular life or in the arduous and responsible 
 position of a minister of the Church of God. 
 
 Nor is it only general principles that the 
 clerical and lay students have in common. The 
 rudiments of Theological knowledge should be 
 tauglit equally to both. Every educated layman 
 ought to be familiar with his Bible, to know the 
 reasons of his faith, the doctrines, discipline and 
 history of the Church, and I might also add, be 
 able to read the Greek Testament for himself. 
 The clergyman's studies are only a further ad- 
 vance in the same direction, with especial reference 
 to his ecclesiastical vocation. 
 
 It is a matter of very evil augury when any 
 great divergence of scnitinient and opinion exists 
 or is thought to exist between the Ch»rgy and Laity. 
 And that in the great cities at least, such diverg- 
 ence does often exist is undeniable. Now, it is to 
 
13 
 
 this Institution that the country has a right to 
 look for a healing of the breach — for a spirit of 
 reconciliation between Religion and Science, as 
 well as of charity which should make all work 
 together for the common good. 
 
 For first, the Church has certainly a right to 
 expect that such of her children as have passed 
 through this College, shall bear a definite stamp, 
 liberal indeed and large minded towards others, 
 but warmly and intelligently attached to their 
 own Communion ; in the words of good old Jeremy 
 Taylor " contending earnestly for the faith, but 
 not to the breach of charity, or the denying each 
 otlier's hope." 
 
 Again, tlie Church also looks to this place for 
 instruction and guidance in the impending con- 
 flict between Faith and Scepticism — if not for 
 the actual solution of difficulties, at all events 
 for the spirit in which they are to be met. Here 
 alone in this portion of the world can freedom of 
 thought in scientific matters be combined with a 
 reverent regard for Antiquity, a firm l)elicf in a 
 definite body of revealed objective truth, a care- 
 ful retention of the Nicene Creed, and of all that 
 is essential in the Nicene discipline. These are 
 surely the conditions under whicii, if ever, Chris- 
 toudom can be visibly reunited, and the respective 
 
14 
 
 claims of religion and science fully reconciled. 
 For each of these glorious ends the Church of 
 England has peculiar advantages. In her religious 
 aspect she is, like the last day of the Athenian 
 month, at once old and new. In her ministerial 
 succession, in her creeds and her liturgy, she stands 
 on common ground with the other great branches 
 of the Catholic Church in the East and West. In 
 her reformation, she has also certain sympathies 
 and affinities for the Protestant bodies which 
 shook off the yoke of Rome at the same time as 
 herself, and is thus a medium between both Catho- 
 lie and Protestant, being herself both Catholic and 
 Protestant. And in her literary and scientific 
 aspect, she has ever been the patron of sincere 
 and sober investigation and of sound learning, 
 though never of the uncertainties of mere theory 
 and conjecture. Bacon and Newton among her 
 laymen, Barrow and Buckland and Scoresby among 
 her priests, are but representatives of a vast host 
 who have from age to age sought to unveil the 
 works of God in the material universe. And 
 when the time comes for those groat discoveries, 
 tipon the brink of which, say some of the scientific 
 JournalH, we now seem to be hovering, which sliall 
 reveal " the very springs of the machine" of the 
 world, and combine and harmonize the hints and 
 
 i?i- 
 
15 
 
 onciled. 
 urch of 
 eligious 
 thenian 
 listerial 
 3 stands 
 ranches 
 5st. In 
 pathies 
 
 which 
 time as 
 
 Catho- 
 lic and 
 ientific 
 sincere 
 irning, 
 theory 
 ig her 
 among 
 Jt host 
 ill the 
 And 
 veries, 
 entific 
 1 sliall 
 af the 
 ts and 
 
 conjectures and fragments of knowledge on which 
 we are now working and theorizing, surely those 
 discoveries will be due to the laborious, con- 
 scientious toil of men who have been nurtured 
 in institutions like the present, where Learning, 
 untrammelled by vexatious fetters, shall be proud 
 to lay her brightest laurels at the foot of the 
 Cross. 
 
 And now, in conclusion, let me say a few words 
 to you, my young friends, some of you once my 
 pupils, who are here preparing for the work of 
 the ministry. The time here spent is, to you 
 even more than to others, the most important 
 period of your lives. " The child is father to the 
 man." It may seem to you of trifling importance 
 whether you spend this day or that, more or less, 
 in careless idleness, or, worse still, In self-indul- 
 gence and dissipation. Every day is shaping your 
 character and fixing your bias; and as the tree 
 is, so will be its fruits. I know that with many 
 of you the desire of learning needs rather to be 
 repressed than stimulated — that you need a regu- 
 lar system of relaxation and exercise, in order 
 that the mind may digcHt and assimilate its food. 
 If the body break down and become unfitted for 
 the work of life, the mental training will be 
 thrown away. "Mens sana in corporo sano" 
 
 MfHAM^ 
 
16 
 
 should be the great object of every student. But 
 there are always some who think out lightly of 
 the responsibilities before them, who have no love 
 for their work, no conscientious desire to master 
 it, no wish to excel. And there may be others 
 who love knowledge merely for its own sake, and 
 not as fitting them for increased usefulness. Let 
 me then remind you that your choice of the eccle- 
 siastical life is entirely your own, and that you 
 can yet withdraw from it, if you so please ; but 
 that if you proceed you will be called upon, ere 
 you are admitted to the lowest order in the minis- 
 try, to answer that most solemn question, *^Do 
 you trust that you are inwardly moved by the 
 Holy Ghost to take upon you this office and minis- 
 tration, to serve God for the promoting of His 
 glory and the edifying of His people ?" How can 
 you answer that question, if you have never 
 seriously thought upon or felt what it was you 
 were about to undertake till a few weeks or days 
 before the examination ? The life of a clergy- 
 man in this country has little of the sunshine 
 of worldly prosperity. There are few positions 
 in which you can hope to make a figure in the 
 world. If you would retain your own self-respect, 
 if you would enjoy any happiness and satisfaction 
 in the life you have chosen j above all, if you 
 
 ■X 
 
 
nt. But 
 ightly of 
 3 no love 
 3 master 
 & others 
 ake, and 
 ss. Let 
 le eccle- 
 liat you 
 se; but 
 )on, ere 
 3 minis- 
 1, *^Do 
 by the 
 
 minis- 
 of His 
 ow can 
 
 never 
 as you 
 r days 
 ilergy- 
 ishine 
 dtions 
 n the 
 ispoct, 
 iction 
 [■ you 
 
 17 
 
 would bring forth for God any fruit that may 
 remain, and be yourselves owned by Him at the 
 Great Day, you must realize the work that lies 
 before you as the noblest in which man can be 
 engaged. You must seek to acquire such habits 
 of thinking and acting, as will make you good 
 soldiers of Jesus Christ. You must aim at influ- 
 encing not merely by pulpit teaching, but by the 
 energy and weight of your character. You must 
 not bring yourselves to think that mere outward 
 routine, however conscientious, is sufRcient. The 
 work of the ministry, to be done effectively, must 
 be done with a certain force; nor, surely, is that 
 *' ardent, rejoicing might of labour," which en- 
 sures success in any other profession, less necessary 
 or less likely to achieve its end in this. 
 
 For ten long years I have been more or less 
 intinuitely connected with this University. Dur- 
 ing that time new buildings have been erected 
 again and again— the (Chapel, the School, the 
 Dining Hall, tlie Rector's house. A new depart- 
 ment has been iidded— newprcfessorships founded, 
 generation after generation of its students have 
 come and gone. Many of its alumni are now in 
 Canada and elsewhere fully engaged in the work 
 of life, and Alma Mater has every reason to thank 
 God for her chiklren. Let us not however shut 
 
 B 
 
18 
 
 our eyes to the work yet to be done. Our num- 
 bers, as a University, are far below what they 
 ought to be, after making allowance for every 
 drawback; there is much needed for our full 
 equipment, and there is also wanting, permit me 
 to say, amongst the graduates a stronger feeling 
 of interest in the welfare of one another and of 
 the University, without which its future progress 
 and usefulness will be materially checked. 
 
 It only remains for me to express, on this last 
 occasion when in all human probability I shall 
 have the privilege of addressing you, my sincere 
 and fervent wishes for the prosperity of this 
 College in both its departments. Within its walls 
 may Science and Religion ever walk hand in hand ! 
 May its alumni ever be found in the foremost 
 ranks, in the halls of the Legislature, in the marts 
 of commerce, wherever trained skill and energy 
 and public spirit and high uu)rality are required ! 
 And, more especially, may there proceed from this 
 place a constant succession of earnest, enlightened 
 and devoted ministers, who may not only build up 
 the Church of this country in unity and strength, 
 but may also extorul and pi^petuate its blessings 
 wherever, throughout the wide regions of the 
 North and West, Conunerce or Agriculture, or Sci- 
 ono(\ or Arts, or Arms may assemble the sons of 
 
 men 
 
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