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V •■;* ■m .« •. • ir * • »• • 2 k.^ - 3 J ^^^^ _ . 2 - - ' fc . n 32X <-' 2 ' J 3 4 5 • •.• « 6 • ^ .J? ,pm. No. 14. FARMERS UNDER THE N. P. '4:4 OLD TABIFIv ^^^^ NEW TARIlP Prices of Wheat 15 to 20 cents Higher per Bushel ..^' BECAUSE OP RBDUaTION IN FREIGHT, *f^* :•?>•? 'V*^' >•• ??-«*r^ >"♦♦ *. And '!Ejkclusion of American Grain from our Market. Tim agricultural claaa in Canada baa enjoyed a very substantial prosperity un- der the operation of the National Policy. It is tvue that, producing, as tbe country does, a surplus oi' cereals and of animals and Ihoir produce, prioas are regulated BnB'.n^i' by the foreign markets, but since ^ 1878 the farmer* bavo gained control of f»it', the home market to a very mtich larger degree than before, and have enjoyed for the perishable products of the farm a much extended demand. The effect of the duty on foreign grain has beea to shut out importations from the Unitad States, without diminishing the through transportation trade, and to make prices of '^heat in Canada relatitely liigher than in Cliicago, making tlla oomparison with the free- import period. Ouo of the arguments employed hy Liberals in addressing the furming population of Ontario is tliat the k;fl'>n:t of the National Policy has been-to otlrtail llio imi)ort of foruign /lood*, re- dttlll ilie number of vessels reaching our fOtii', BUil, as a consequoncp, enhancing rates of I'reigUt by the outgoing voyage- !'ho piices of Uanadian products, of which a surplus is produced, being m.'iinly regulated by the foreign market, the farmer obtains the foreign valuo UtfH the cost of traoHpofl U»l handl- Inji, and by so much M «*<(• of ocean anU land carriage ar9 ttlifii'iriil by so nn h is the price realized by the Oana- Hiiin farmer for his cereals, dairy produce, etc., reduced. The argument is a sound one. r«t us see by the test of actual ex- perience how it applies to the National Policy period. Kor this purpo.'w we have takei^ the • ('■av 14 Bcpl. U^uU. 188U tin T« «• in IHDt ROK in fl.uo 7 lRt8 .... r'.(l« l»;j) n ■! :'li1 /ml JS12*— -^. -.^^^ ^.^..„AiJ_ atit.Hty No wonder the rate of freight from Montreal to Liverpool has declined to the advantage of all exporters, when the tonnage of vessels seeking outward freight has increased more than one hundred per cent, in eight years. Then _^ look at the enormous crowth in the ex- ,»'^^|(|- port of an'.Luala and farm produce in ''^ *!..* Canada under the protective period. The figures are eloquent of the prosperity of tha 'anning o 11,642,703 Bajr.tons 17,380 1S4,9'J8 Cheeso.lbs 88,054,304 79,068,387 The imposition of the duty on foreign grains, moreover, has bad the effect of shutting out a large quantity of American grain which came into competition with homegrown cereals, the trade returns showing the net import to have been :— 1878. 1886. I'.arley, bosh 38,ao* 14,717 Oats, bush 3,071,613 361,988 Rye.bush 110,238 63 CorD,busb 3,400,663 1,610,740 Wbeat. bnsh 1.810,70!l 373,099 Pea«,busb 0,684 1,180 7,137,794 9,161,733 Of these six cereals, therefore, five million bushels less was imported from tbe United States in 188!) than in 1878, the Canadian market for this produce being enlarged to that extent. One other evidence of the \iTOt-.'^>.tt perity of the agricultural classes undeh*--" th» operation of the National Policy may be instanced, namely, the increase in the value of farm lands, farm buildings, etc., in the province of Ontario, the figures being supplied by tbe Bureau <4 luJus- TALDB or rARH FROPRRTT. W K^^ tt^ 1880. 188«. ' '■ Farm Uudi $048,000,838 $833,343,500 BHldlngs i«;i,74H,an l»3,7n,&7» Jinp.vmentS Bu,»H0,l)3« »7,0'.ie,Ml6 UvesMOt... 107,3^ 8,0«S 80,640,720 $0811,547,011 $883,624,010 It is abundantly maiurebtt frmn the I'aate . ^» ^* related above that the farmers of tJuaCglL'T^ ada liave eiyoyed a veiy ({r<'»t degree djf pitMperiry under the proKeut Land', and lliHt ilirm^l »>l7BniaK«>s of tlie uimost vhIuh iiavu bf«n dariV^U by I hem IVoui UK i'mHt(""i. > # . i