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1937 • • 10M 





OFFICIAL MANUAL 

1937 1 1938 

Catholic Youth Organization 
of the 

Milwaukee Archdiocesan Union 

Holy Name Society 

225 East Michigan Street 
Daly 3132 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 



Nihil obstat: 

Paul Tanner, 
Censor Deputatus 

Imprimatur : 

fSamuel A. Stritch, 
Archiepiscopus Milwaukiensis 

August 25, 1937 

Copyright, 1937 
Milwaukee Archdiocesan Union Holy Name Society, Inc. 

Printed in the United States of America 

DeseîJSfetf 



In the fall of 1934, after much deliberation and much 
investigation into what was being done elsewhere, Archbishop 
Samuel A. Stritch formally launched a youth program for the 
Milwaukee Archdiocese. The present manual summarizes that 
program, unchanged in its fundamentals, but modified and 
elaborated by the collective experience of thousands of boys 
and leaders over a three-year period. 

In launching his program, Archbishop Stritch had a two-
fold purpose in mind. Primarily, he wished to promote the 
spiritual life of the boys and young men entrusted to his pas-
toral charge. Secondarily, he wished to deepen and enrich 
the material lives of his youth. 

The program, which under his guidance was developed to 
achieve those aims, is significant in many regards. Not the 
least of these is its setting of affirmative objectives. 

While it does not minimize the grave delinquency prob-
lem, unlike many programs with kindred aims, the Milwaukee 
C. Y. O. does not set out primarily to prevent or to correct 
the juvenile delinquent. It does not regard itself as a glori-
fied reform school. Incidentally, and accidentally, it does deal 
with delinquency, but it is organized on the two-fold belief 
that the delinquent is in the small minority; and that the cre-
ation of a proper recreational environment will not merely 
achieve desirable outcomes for the non-delinquent totally apart 
from all matters of delinquency, but will at the same time 
prevent delinquency and do much to win back the boy who 
has been delinquent. Again, let it be insisted upon that the 
objective is not negative but affirmative. The pre-occupation 
is not with juvenile sickness, but with juvenile health. The 
principle is when youth is agreeably occupied in a healthy 
atmosphere, with clean companionship, and under interested 
and competent leadership, he will have neither the time nor 
the inclination to stray from the path of virtue. 

In its religious outlook, a similar affirmative viewpoint can 
be found. The loss of faith among youth is most serious. 
A Catholic program might well be aimed to prevent this leak-
age in the Church. Worthwhile as that aim might be in itself, 
the C. Y. O. regards it as making too negative an approach. 

3 



It feels that affirmative effort is worthier; that much more 
can be accomplished by trying to bring boys and young men 
closer to the Church, closer to Her sacramental richness, initi-
ating them into the sweet reasonableness of the Faith within 
them, than by merely creating barriers around. The latter 
process, it feels, produces weaklings; the former process, 
apostles. The Milwaukee C. Y. O. submits that it is these 
latter that are needed today, strong to do and to dare, to 
strengthen the lagging; counsel the ignorant, and save them-
selves. Again the objective is affirmative. The principle is 
that of so strengthening the youth in his Faith that he will 
not merely retain the Faith himself, but that he will go out 
and bring back those who have strayed, and preach the gospel 
to those who have never known Its consoling truths. 

Nor does the Milwaukee C. Y. O. regard itself as pri-
marily an anti-communistic organization, except in the sense 
that all Christian organizations must uncompromisingly turn 
their faces against atheistic communism. It feels that Chris-
tian self perfection issuing into virile action can still be made 
the most potent force in the world. Hence its orientation is 
inward; it warns its youths, it is true; it attempts to inform 
them in the Christian aspects of politics and economics; of 
human liberty and the human personality; but it aims to make 
the assault first upon the enemies in the ranks before essay-
ing the broader field of battle. Again a most affirmative atti-
tude. Instead of merely denouncing atheistic communism, it 
insists upon preaching a truly Christian democracy. 

These generic and many other special aims the program 
of the Milwaukee C. Y. O. attempts to attain by a battery of 
activities specifically and reasonably adjusted to their achieve-
ment. A survey of this program should indicate quickly, that 
the majority of these activities have been assembled with the 
average boy in mind. From this fact arise the richness and 
variety of the program; it contains one thing or another to 
attract every boy. At the same time, it embraces things to 
do for boys at the extremes. 

Another fact which deserves emphasis is the broad base 
of participation provided by the Milwaukee C. Y. O. program. 
In many of its predecessors and contemporaries in the field 

4 



of Catholic Youth Programs, the basis of participation was 
and is narrow; confined to contests, and to the selection of a 
few outstanding performers in a few fields of activity. The 
Milwaukee C. Y. O. program offers no such one-per-cent-of-
eligible boys-and-youths-one-day-or-one-week-a-year activity. 
True, it does sponsor contests, leagues, and tournaments. But 
it regards these as being of secondary importance and inter-
est, as means motivating more basic and general participation, 
as devices for dramatizing its activities. 

The present manual is intended to present in condensed 
form a summary and a calendar of all the activities of the 
Milwaukee C. Y. O. for the activities beginning September 1, 
1937, and ending August 31, 1938. It is intended for dis-
tribution to the parish and Divisional leaders of the organi-
zation. The manual was prepared by the Archidocesan Office, 
which is the servicing agency for the entire program. 

5 



T H E CATHOLIC YOUTH ORGANIZATION 

Same 

The official name of this organization is The Catholic 
Youth Organization of the Milwaukee Archdiocesan Union 
Holy Name Society, Inc. It is commonly designated by its 
initials C. Y. O. It is the official organization for youth (boys 
and young men) in the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. 

Organization 

The organization is made up of parish societies, which are 
grouped into Divisions, all joined under the Archdiocesan 
Union. 

Authority 

The Archdiocesan Union and the Divisions are under the 
immediate supervision of the Most Reverend Archbishop and 
the executives appointed by him. The parish societies are 
under the supervision of the Pastor, Spiritual Director, and 
Senior Holy Name officers, and the executives chosen by them. 

Age Divisions 

The C. Y. O. is further divided into the Senior C. Y. O., 
for members of the Senior Holy Name Society who are 
between the ages of nineteen and twenty-five years, inclusive; 
and the Junior C. Y. O., for the members of the Junior Holy 
Name Society who are between the ages of thirteen or who 
are in the eighth grade of the primary school, and eighteen 
years, inclusive. 

6 



CHAPTER ONE 

ORGANIZATION 

T H E PARISH SOCIETY 

The Parish Society is basic. Membership in the Holy 
Name Society is an absolute requirement for participation in 
the C. Y. O. Program. 

Leaders 

The success of the parish C. Y. O. depends in great meas-
ure upon the quality of its adult leaders. These leaders are 
divided into two classes; Executive leaders or Directors, and 
Activity leaders or Coaches. 

Executive Leaders or Directors 

Number 
The parish C. Y. O. has the following directors: Spiritual 

Director, Cultural Director, Hobby Director, Vocational Guid-
ance Director, and Athletic Director. These Directors serve 
for both the Senior and Junior C. Y. O. 

Qualifications 
Directors must be members of the Holy Name Society. Nat-

urally, because of their close contact with youth, they must 
be of outstanding character and pleasing personality. For suc-
cess they must possess the ability to organize and direct, and 
must be interested in youth work, especially in the particular 
activity which they direct, although they need not be experts in 
this field. Finally, they must be able and willing to devote the 
necessary time to their work. This last is no less important 
than the other requirements. 

Securing Directors 
The importance of leadership in youth work makes it neces-

sary that the best possible men be appointed as Directors. It 
is suggested therefore, that the Pastor, Spiritual Director, and 
Senior Holy Name officers study the entire parish roster and 
select those men who they believe qualified for the various po-
sitions. After a selection has been made, the Pastor or Spir-
itual Director should call these men to the rectory individually, 
explain the nature and requirements of the work, and ask 
them to accept. General or mass invitations for Directors ex-

7 



tended at meetings are unsatisfactory. A personal invitation 
adds dignity and importance to the position. It must be em-
phasized that the Directors need not be experts in their par-
ticular activity. They are executives. Their work consists in 
planning, organizing, and delegating. The basic knowledge re-
quired for this can be gained in the Leadership Training School. 
It is important, too, that no pressure be exerted to force any-
one to accept a position. Unless an individual is willing to 
assume the obligation freely, someone else should be chosen. 

Retaining Directors 
Directors have indefinite tenure of office. Successful exe-

cution of the program demands that the parish Directors be 
quasi-permanent. A constant change in leadership is a serious 
obstacle to success. Observance of the following rules by the 
Spiritual Director will help in the retention of the Directors. 

L Send the names of the Directors to the Archdiocesan Office 
so that they may receive directly all correspondence con-
cerning their respective office. 

2. Arrange a conference between your Directors and those 
of the Division. 

3. Enroll the Directors in the annual Leadership Training 
School. 

4. Have confidence in your Directors. Manifest this confi-
dence and insist that the Society respect their authority. 

5. Assist Directors to obtain sufficient help so that they can 
perform their duties without too great a personal sacrifice 
of time and effort. 

6. Express the proper appreciation for the work which the 
Directors are doing. This appreciation should be mani-
fested publicly as well as privately. 

7. Use the merit system of awards as outlined on page 130. 
This offers the Directors another incentive to continue in 
their work. This merit system acknowledges both the ex-
cellence of the work performed by the Directors as well 
as the years devoted to the work. 

Duties of Directors 
Spiritual Director 

The Spiritual Director, under the Pastor, is the chief execu-
tive of the parish C. Y. O. Specifically, he is in charge of all 

8 



religious activities, and all other activities of the organization 
are also subject to his approval. But he is not expected and 
should not do all the work himself. 

1. He attends all Divisional meetings as well as the meetings 
of the parish C. Y. O. 

2. He holds the funds of the Junior C. Y. O. in his name. 

3. He signs all entry cards for inter-parochial and Arch-
diocesan activities. 

Cultural Director 
The Cultural Director plans and directs all cultural, educa-

tional, and social activities of the parish C. Y. O., and is re-
sponsible for them. 

1. He secures the necessary activity leaders and coaches for 
the individual activities. 

2. He keeps these coaches informed on their activities and 
duties, and receives reports from them. 

3. He keeps the Society informed on all cultural, educational, 
and social activities of the organization. 

4. Entry cards for inter-parochial activities are sent to him. 
He distributes these to the C. Y. O. members through the 
various coaches. These cards, properly signed, are re-
turned to him, and checked by him to see that all eligi-
bility requirements have been met. He then forwards the 
cards to the Archdiocesan Office. 

5. He attends all Divisional meetings. 

6. He submits reports on the cultural activities to the meet-
ings of both the Senior and Junior C. Y. O. and to the 
meetings of the Senior Holy Name Society. These re-
ports may be made either in person or through a written 
report submitted to the secretaries of these groups. 

Hobby Director 
The Hobby Director plans and directs the hobby program 

of the parish. 

1. He promotes interest in hobbies. 
2. He secures hobby speakers for the C. Y. O. meetings. 
3. He arranges exhibits. 

9 



4. He conducts the parish hobby show and is responsible for 
the parish entries in the Archdiocesan Hobby Exhibit. 

5. He assists the youth in joining the hobby clubs. 

Vocational Guidance Director 

The Vocational Guidance Director plans and directs the vo-
cational guidance program of the parish. 

1. He promotes interest in vocational guidance. 
2. He arranges for vocational guidance speakers at the meet-

ings of the C. Y. O. 
3. He supplies the youth with guidance literature. 
4. He promotes attendance at Divisional and Archdiocesan 

career conferences. 
5. He arranges guidance tours. 
6. He arranges personal interviews for such as desire them 

with the Divisional or Archdiocesan Director. 
7. He attends all Divisional meetings. 
8. He presents a report on the vocational guidance activities 

to the meetings of the Senior and Junior C. Y. O. and to 
the Senior Holy Name meeting. These reports may be 
made in person or through a written report submitted to 
the secretaries of these groups. 

Athletic Director 

The Athletic Director plans and directs all athletic activities 
of the parish C. Y. O., and he is responsible for them. 

1 He secures the necessary coaches for the various sports. 
2. He keeps the coaches informed on their respective activi-

ties and duties and obtains a report from them. 
3. He keeps the Society informed on all athletic activities of 

the organization. 
4. He receives all entry cards for inter-parochial activities. 

He distributes these cards to the C. Y. O. members through 
the coaches. These cards, properly signed, are returned to 
him and checked by him to see that all eligibility require-
ments have been met. He then forwards the cards to the 
Archdiocesan Office. 

5. He secures, with the aid of the Spiritual Director, the 
facilities needed for practice. 

10 



6. He manages the finances of the athletic program, such as 
the purchase of equipment and the payment of franchise 
fees, with the permission of the Spiritual Director. 

7. He attends all Divisional meetings. 
8. He submits a report on the athletic activities to the meet-

ings of both the Senior and Junior C. Y. O. and to the 
meetings of the Senior Holy Name Society. These reports 
may be made either in person or through a written report 
submitted to the secretaries of these groups. 

Activity Leaders or Coaches 
Special Leaders or Coaches serving immediately under the 

Director are necessary for the specific activities. For example, 
in athletics, there are separate Coaches for basketball, Softball, 
track, football, and the like; in the cultural department, sepa-
rate instructors or Coaches for oratory, debate, dramatics, and 
the like. These Coaches may serve for both the Senior and 
Junior C. Y. O., or separate Coaches may be appointed for 
each group and even for every team if that is deemed neces-
sary and if a sufficient number of Coaches are available in the 
parish. 

Qualifications 

The Coaches must be members of the Holy Name Society. 
They must be older than the youths whom they direct. Their 
character must be such that they can command the respect of 
those whom they direct. For success, they must thoroughly 
understand the specific activity which they direct, and they 
must possess general leadership ability, and the ability to main-
tain discipline. Finally, they must be willing to accept their 
appointment and be able to devote the necessary time to the 
work. 

Securing Coaches 

The Coaches are appointed by the Spiritual Director and 
the other executive Directors of the C. Y. O. The method 
used for choosing Directors is recommended. 

Duties of Coaches 

1. The Coaches must be able to teach and coach the mem-
bers in their respective activities. 

2. They must attend all practices and rehearsals. 

11 



3. They must accompany the team or members whenever they 
engage in inter-parochial activity. 

4. They must report all difficulties either to the Spiritual 
Director or to their respective Director and refer all disci-
plinary problems to him. 

5. They must keep their respective Director informed at all 
times of their progress and must submit a complete report 
of their activities to him at the close of the activity. 

The Officers 

The Senior and Junior C. Y. O. each has its own group 
of officers. These officers are divided into two classes; Elec-
tive officers, and Appointive officers. 

The Elective Officers 

Number 
The Elective Officers are a chairman, vice-chairman, sec-

retary and treasurer. 

Time for electing 

These officers are elected in the month of May and hold 
office for one year. 

Manner of electing 
The officers are elected by the members of the C. Y. O. 

Any democratic method can be used. Nomination by a com-
mittee of which the Spiritual Director is a member is recom-
mended. 

Duties 
The officers perform the duties which are usually attached 

to their respective offices. In addition to these duties, the 
chairmen of the Senior and Junior C. Y. O. represent their 
groups at the monthly Divisional meetings, and each presents 
a report of his activities at the meeting. 

The Appointive Officers 
Number 

The Appointive Officers are the chairmen of the Mem-
bership, Attendance, Sick, and Entertainment Committees. 

Time for appointment 

These officers are appointed in May after the election and 
hold office for one year. 

12 



Manner of appointment 
These officers are appointed by the elective officers of the 

Society together with the Spiritual Director. 

General Duties of Appointive Officers 
All chairmen appoint members of the Society to serve on 

their committees. The number of committee members de-
pends upon the size of the Society. All chairmen report the 
activity of their committees to the Society. 

Specific Duties of the Committee Chairmen 

Membership Committee 
To solicit new members and introduce these new members 

to the Society. 

Attendance Committee 
To keep an accurate record of the Communion and meet-

ing attendance of every member. To call upon the delinquent 
members. 

Sick Committee 
To report all sick members to the Society and appoint the 

members to visit them. 

Entertainment Committee 
To arrange special features and entertainment for the 

Society. 
Membership 

Membership Recruiting 
The ideal of the Milwaukee C. Y. O. is 100% member-

ship of all eligible boys and young men in every parish of 
the Archdiocese. This ideal will be approximated only if the 
several parish societies make systematic efforts to recruit mem-
bership. While each parish is to some extent unique in its 
problems the following general suggestions should prove help-
ful. 
1. The Membership Committee compares the Society roster 

with the parish roster and the secretary of the committee 
writes on a card the name and address and the age of 
every youth who is not a member of the C. Y. O. 

2. The youth who are not members are then solicited to join 
the C. Y. O. This solicitation should be done in cam-
paign manner by the members of the Membership Com-

13 



mittee. This Membership Committee must be trained. 
They must know: 
a. How to approach prospective members; 
b. How to extend the invitation; 
c. How to present reasons why the youth should belong 

to the C. Y. O. 
3. On the Sunday previous to the actual campaign an an-

nouncement is made from the pulpit and if possible the 
sermon devoted to the C. Y. O. 

4. Another excellent means of obtaining members is by per-
sonal contact with the Spiritual Director or the Pastor 
of the parish. 

Membership Maintenance 
It is not enough that members are brought into the group. 

In order that they may derive benefit from the program their 
membership must be retained. If a group has a large turn-
over the following four suggestions as a means of making a 
start toward membership stability should be used. 

1. Keep a careful check on the activities of the members 
especially on Communion and meeting attendance. 

2. Make personal contact with those who show signs of be-
coming delinquent. 

3. Spread the responsibility of the Society as widely as pos-
sible and make provisions for all the youth to participate 
in the activities. 

4. Use the merit system. 
Dues 

It is recommended that the members of the Junior C. Y. O. 
pay small monthly dues. The members of the Senior C. Y. O. 
comply with the dues regulation which governs their local 
Senior Holy Name Society. In some cases, they may be asked 
to pay an additional fee into their own C. Y. O. treasury. 

Holy Communion and Meeting 
1. The Senior C. Y. O. receives Holy Communion and at-

tends the breakfast meeting with the Senior Holy Name So-
ciety. In addition to the breakfast meeting, the Senior 
C. Y. O. conducts its own business meeting. This meet-
ing can be conducted on Sunday morning after the regu-
lar breakfast meeting, or on an evening during the week. 

14 



2. The Junior C. Y. O. may have its own Communion Sun-
day or it may receive Holy Communion with the Seniors. 
The latter is recommended. The Juniors do not attend 
the breakfast meeting, but conduct their own business meet-
ing, preferably on an evening. 

3. Both Junior and Senior C. Y. O. conduct their meetings 
some time during the week following the second Sunday of 
the month. 

Suggestions for the Meeting 
Planning 

Good meetings seldom come about by chance. They are 
held in someone's head before they are held in the parish hall. 
A good way of planning a meeting is to have the C. Y. O. 
officers meet with the Spiritual Director and the activity Di-
rectors a few days previous to the meeting. At this pre-
liminary gathering the activities of the meeting are deter-
mined upon, placed in a definite order, and scheduled for a 
definite time. 

Perspective 
Be brief and to the point in the business meeting. Business 

is for the Society and not the Society for business. 

Order 
Most parliamentary organizations provide some kind of 

order of business for their meeting. The following is sug-
gested : 

A Typical Meeting Outline 
1. Call to order by the President. 
2. Holy Name Pledge read by the Spiritual Director and 

repeated by the members. 
3. Reading of the minutes of the previous meeting. 
4. Reports of the committees. 
5. Reports of the Directors—Cultural, Hobby, Vocational 

Guidance, and Athletic. 
6. Unfinished business. 
7. Reading of correspondence from Archdiocesan and Divi-

sional offices. 
8. New business. (It is suggested that a "stooge" be ap-

pointed in advance to present this new business and 
others to discuss the same.) 

15 



9. Introduction of speaker—a proper introduction of the 
guest speaker is important. 

10. Address by speaker. 
11. Expression of thanks by Society. 
12. Presentation of the Spiritual Director. (Whenever a 

priest is presented to the Society, courtesy demands that 
he be received by the Society standing.) 

13. Adjournment. 

Practical Parliamentary Procedure 
The following suggestions are made for a straight business 

meeting. Their order can be changed to suit individual needs. 
Their forms should never be changed. 

For the Chairman 

When the time comes for the business part of the meeting, rise, 
rap for order, and say: 

"The meeting will please come to order." 
Then when everyone is seated and quiet, say: 
"The Secretary will please read the minutes of the last meeting." 
At the conclusion of the reading say: 
"If there are no corrections the minutes will stand approved 

as read." 
If anyone suggests a correction, say: 
"If there is no objection, the suggested correction will be made 

to the minutes." 
Next say: 
"The next business to come before the assembly will be the 

reports of committees." 
Call on the chairmen of the standing committees first; then on 

the chairmen of the special committees. You can get a list of 
these committees from the constitution and the secretary. Have 
the list in front of you. 

When the reports have been considered, then say: 
"Is there any unfinished business to come before the meeting?" 

If there is, the secretary will tell you. Probably there won't be. 
Unfinished business consists of matters held over from the previous 
meeting. Deal with it in the same way as new business. After all 
unfinished business has been considered say: 

"I have the following announcements and communications to 
read." 

Now read whatever letters have been sent to the organization 
and whatever announcements are to be made. When this has been 
done say: 

"Has any member an announcement he wishes to make?" 
This is not a time for debate or for taking action on anything. 

An announcement is a brief statement of an unalterable or deter-

16 



mined fact such as a picnic or a hike that has been decided upon. 
Next say: 
"We now come to new business. Is there any new business to 

be brought before the assembly?" 
New business comes before the assembly in the form of mo-

tions. A member makes a motion by saying (for example): I 
move that" (not "I move you," or "I make a motion that, or, I 
make a move that") "we attend Holy Hour in a body." 

No motion can be made unless the member gets the floor. He 
does this by rising and saying: "Mr. Chairman." Be sure that only 
one member has the floor at one time. You give him the floor by 
nodding to him, by calling him by name, or by saying, Mr. 
Member." 

Once a motion has been made, see that someone seconds it. 
A motion is seconded by a member saying "I second it," without 
rising or getting the floor. 

After this let the members debate on the motion. Keep debate 
orderly. Give the floor to one person at a time. When debate 
lags say: 

"Are you ready for the question?" 
If there is no further debate say: 
"The question is on (for example) attending Holy Hour in a 

body. All thosei in favor say, aye. All those opposed, no." 
Always take both votes and always announce the result. 
In this fashion go through the business of the meeting. 
Sometimes members will not be satisfied with the original word-

ing of a motion. In such a case they will move to amend it. Al-
ways remember that amendments deal with words only and must 
be voted upon before the motions to which they are offered are 
voted upon. 

Sometimes members will want to stop debate on a motion. Then 
they should move the previous question. 

This is done by rising, getting the floor, and saying, "I move 
the previous question." You say, after hearing a second, "The 
previous question has been moved and seconded. All those in favor 
will please rise and stand until counted. Be seated. All those op-
posed will please rise and stand until counted. Be seated." If the 
motion is carried (it takes a two-thirds majority) you will say, 
"The motion is carried," and immediately stop debate and take a 
vote on whatever business is before the meeting. 

When there is no business before the meeting someone will 
rise and move that the meeting adjourn. If no one makes this 
motion, the chairman suggests it. When it has been made, say: 

"All those in favor of adjourning say, aye," etc., as above. If 
the motion is carried the meeting is over. 

Committees 
To save the time of the assembly and to avoid long and 

tiresome business meetings, committees are used as much as 
possible. A committee is a small group of members of an 
organization appointed for some definite work. There are 

17 



two kinds of committees, standing and special. A standing 
committee is provided by the constitution and goes into office 
with each change of officers, and remains until new officers 
are elected. The standing committees for the C. Y. O. are: 
The Membership, Attendance, Sick, and Entertainment Com-
mittees. A special committee is appointed to do some special 
work. 

Variety 

Tireless repetition of the same business routine will drive 
the youth away. Try to put variety into each meeting. Spe-
cial features can be used. 

General Participation 
Do not allow a few boys to run the meeting while the rest 

look on or do not come at all. Attempt to have all participate 
in the discussion. 

W orthwhileness 

Insist that something be accomplished at every meeting. 

Promptness 

Start on time and end on time. Stick to your schedule 
and do what you set out to do. 

Note 
The business meeting should be followed by a recreational 

program, like the low-organized game program, dramatic pres-
entations, intra-mural athletic activities, and the like. It is also 
suggested that in addition to the regular business meetings, 
special social and cultural gatherings be held. Once a week 
is not too often. A parish club-room should be provided for 
the use of the youth, even if this has to be the parish hall. 
The youth cannot be invited to frequent it too often. 

18 



T H E DIVISION 

The Division, composed of a group of parishes within a 
definite geographical area, is the intermediary between the 
Archdiocesan Union and the parish societies. It functions 
primarily to stimulate and supervise activities in the parishes, 
and to promote and direct inter-parochial activities. Every 
Division has the following officers: 

Executive Leaders or Directors 

Number and Method of Appointment 
These number six: The Spiritual Director who is ap-

pointed by the Most Reverend Archbishop; and five activity 
directors called the Organization Director, the Cultural Di-
rector, the Hobby Director, the Vocational Guidance Director, 
and the Athletic Director, who are appointed by the Archdioc-
esan Union in consultation with the Divisional Spiritual Di-
rector. 
Tenure of Office 

These officers are quasi-permanent, that is, they have no 
definite tenure, but they hold their office until they either 
resign or are replaced by new appointees. 

Duties of Directors 
Spiritual Director 

Actively directs all religious activities in the district. All 
other transactions are subject to his approval. 
Organization Director 

In co-operation with the Spiritual Director, supervises the 
organization of new branches, the recruiting and maintenance 
of members in the branches, the attendance at monthly Di-
visional meetings, and the attendance at Divisional and Arch-
diocesan demonstrations. 
Cultural Director 

Promotes the cultural activities in the Division and in 
every parish of the Division. He calls periodic meetings 
of the parish Cultural Directors and discusses with them ways 
and means of promoting the program. He plans and directs 
the inter-parish or Divisional cultural activities. 
Hobby Director 

Promotes the establishment of Divisional Hobby Clubs, 
and secures, through the Archdiocesan Office, instructors for 

19 



them. He also secures the necessary rooms and meeting halls 
for the Divisional Hobby Clubs. He arranges a Divisional 
hobby show at least once a year. 

Vocational Guidance Director 
Promotes the vocational guidance and career work within 

the Division. He arranges for periodic vocational guidance 
conferences for the youth of the entire Division. 

Athletic Director 
Promotes the athletic activities in the Division and in its 

parishes. He calls periodic meetings of the parish Athletic 
Directors and with them discusses ways and means of pro-
moting the program. He plans and directs the inter-parish 
or Divisional athletic activities. 

Board of Advisers 

The parish Spiritual Directors of the C. Y. O. and the 
presidents of the Senior Holy Name Societies of the Division 
compose the Board of Advisers. 
Duties 

The Board of Advisers approves the annual budget and 
all other expenditures of the Divisional C. Y. O. 

Officers 
Number 

The officers of the Division are: a chairman, vice-chair-
man, secretary, and treasurer. The chairman and treasurer 
are members of the Senior C. Y. O. The vice-chairman and 
secretary may be members of the Junior C. Y. O. 

Manner of Election 
These officers are elected by the Divisional delegates, that 

is, by the chairmen of the Junior and Senior C. Y. O. of 
every parish within the Division and the chairmen of the 
various Divisional clubs. (Certain activities are promoted 
on a Divisional club basis. These clubs are conducted like a 
parish Society and have their own officers. These officers 
hold the rank of parish Society officers.) Any democratic 
form of election can be followed. Nomination by a com-
mittee, of which the Divisional Spiritual Director is a mem-
ber, is recommended. In this election, every parish casts but 
one vote. If the two delegates disagree, they can divide their 
vote, each having the right to cast one-half of a vote. 

20 



Time of election 

These officers are elected in the month of September, and 
hold office for one year. 

Duties 
These officers perform the duties which are usually at-

tached to their respective offices. The chairman is a mem-
ber of the Archdiocesan Council. The Secretary sends a no-
tice at least one week prior to the meeting to everyone who 
is expected to attend the monthly Divisional meeting. He 
shall also submit to the Archdiocesan Office a complete report 
of all Divisional activities. 

Membership 

Every parish is represented in the Division by the follow-
ing members, who are required to attend the monthly Divi-
sional meetings: The Spiritual Director, the President of the 
Senior Holy Name Society, the Chairmen of the Junior and 
Senior C. Y. O. and the Cultural, Hobby, Vocational Guid-
ance, and Athletic Directors. The parish Coaches are also 
urged to attend the meetings. 

Meetings 

Divisions hold at least one meeting per month. This 
meeting is held during the week following the first Sunday 
of the month. 

Voting 

Every parish in the Division enjoys one vote in all business 
voted upon by the Division. Financial matters are decided 
by the Board of Advisers; the election of officers by the 
delegates (chairmen of the Junior and Senior C. Y. O. and 
chairmen of the Divisional Clubs); all other business is de-
cided by the general assembly. 

21 





CHAPTER TWO 

THE LEADERSHIP TRAINING SCHOOL 

T H E GENERAL COURSE 
The curriculum of the Leadership Training School is de-

signed to acquaint the volunteer leaders with the scientific 
background of a youth program; to explain by means of dem-
onstrations and discussions the content of the C. Y. O. Pro-
gram; and to demonstrate methods of promotion and execu-
tion. The Course is given in non-technical language but in-
corporates sound pedagogical principles. It is conducted by 
authorities on the various topics. 

The Course is intended for those actively engaged in di-
recting the C. Y. O. Program, such as Spiritual Directors, 
Directors, Coaches, and the officers of the C. Y. O., and also 
for those who are interested in becoming leaders. 
tees 

The Registration Fee for the Course is $1.00; including 
the Banquet, $2.50. 
Certificates , 

A certificate in Youth Leadership is awarded to those who 
regularly attend the lectures and receive a satisfactory grade 
in the examination. 
Place . . . i •»* 

The Course is conducted in the auditorium of the Mar-
quette University Medical School. 
Time 

School opens on October 11 and is conducted on nine suc-
cessive Monday evenings. There are two fifty-minute periods 
each evening, the first beginning at 7:45 P. M. The Curriculum 
October 11 

I. Youth of Today—(How does modern youth think, 
act and behave?) 

II. Guiding Modern Youth—(An explanation of the 
principles of youth guidance.) 

October 18 
III. The Directors of the C. Y. O.—a lecture and dem-

onstration. 
IV. The Coaches—a forum discussion and demonstra-

tion. 

23 



October 25 

V. Recruiting C. Y. O. Members—a demonstration. 
VI. Maintaining the Membership of the C. Y. 0.—a 

dialogue. 

November 1 

VII. Planning a C. Y. O. Meeting—a lecture and dem-
onstration. 

VIII. A Model C. Y. O. Meeting—a demonstration. 

November 8 

IX. The Study Club in the C. Y. 0.—a lecture. 
X. The Study Club Technique—a demonstration. 

November 15 

XI. The Cultural Program in Action—a lecture and 
demonstration. (The purpose of a Cultural 
Program, the content, how to promote interest 
in the program, how to coach for participation 
in the program.) 

November 22 

XII. Hobby and Hobby Clubs—a forum discussion, 
demonstration, exhibit. 

November 29 

XIII. The Athletic Program in Action—a lecture and 
demonstration. 

XIV. Examination on entire course. 

December 6 

Banquet — Presentation of Certificates — Hotel 
Pfister. 

XV. The Parent and the C. Y. 0. 
XVI. The Volunteer Leader and the C. Y. 0. 

XVII. The Priest and the C. Y. O. 

24 



INSTITUTE ON VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE 

The ultimate success of vocational guidance in the C. Y. O. 
Program depends largely on the quality of leadership found 
in the parishes and Divisions. Unless leaders and other pa-
rishioners are reasonably informed on the essentials of the 
vocational guidance program, they are attempting to do the 
impossible thing of directing youths over paths with which 
they themselves are unacquainted; the blind will be trying 
to lead the blind. 

The C. Y. O. Institute on Vocational Guidance trains 
leaders for vocational guidance activities. It is conducted by 
authorities on the various topics. Demonstrations, exhibits, 
informal discussions, and possibly field trips will accompany 
the usual lectures. While this Institute is offered primarily 
to stimulate intelligent leadership in the parishes and Divi-
sions, it is also of profit to others. Spiritual Directors will 
find in it a means of acquainting themselves with this new 
activity, and of improving the incidental guidance which they 
invariably are called upon to do. Men and young men, par-
ticularly those interested in personnel or managerial work, 
should find the Institute an asset to their own vocational suc-
cess. All should find in the discussions a means of broaden-
ing their understanding of and sympathy for youth who are 
striving to adjust themselves to a complex occupational world. 
Probably nothing which is done in vocational guidance this 
year will be more significant for the success of the program 
ten years hence than how many attend the Institute on Voca-
tional Guidance. 

Fees 
The Registration Fee for the Course is $1.00. This in-

cludes study outlines and pamphlet literature distributed dur-
ing the Course. 

Certificate 
A certificate in Vocational Guidance Leadership is awarded 

to those who regularly attend the lectures and receive a satis-
factory grade in the examination. 

Place 
The Institute is conducted in the auditorium of the Mar-

quette University School of Speech. 

25 



Time 

The Institute opens on October 21, and is conducted on 
six successive Thursday evenings (Thanksgiving evening ex-
cepted). There are two fifty-minute periods each evening, the 
first beginning at 7:45 P. M. 

October 21 
The Curriculum 

I. Recent Occupational Trends 

(Occupations that are gaining in importance: 
Reasons. Occupations that are decreasing in 
importance: Reasons. Some new occupa-
tions.) 

II. Recent Employment Trends 
(Occupations in which there is overcrowding: 

Reasons. Occupations in which there is a 
demand: Reasons. "Making" jobs.) 

October 28 

III. How to Study Occupations 
(What to look for when studying an occupa-

tion. Sources of occupational information— 
books, pamphlets, etc. Field trips, inter-
views, motion pictures, radio, etc.) 

IV. Demonstration Talk on Some Occupation 

November 4 

V. How to Study Individuals 
(Differences in ability, interests, etc. Differ-

ences in requirements of different types of 
work. The importance of fitting individual 
characteristics to occupational requirements.) 

VI. Demonstration of Tests and Forms Used in Study-

ing Individuals 

26 



November 11 

VII. Trambng for an Occupation 
(The importance of training. Trade schools, 

vocational schools, business colleges, corre-
spondence schools, etc. Training for the 
professions.) 

VIII. The Apprenticeship System in Wisconsin 

November 18 
IX. Where and How to Look for Work 

(Employment agencies, advertisements, letters 

of application, interviews, etc.) 

X. Demonstration of Right and Wrong Methods of 

Interviewing an Employer 

December 2 
XI. The Vocational Guidance Program for 1937-1938. 

XII. Examination on the Content of the Institute. 





CHAPTER THREE 

T H E ACTIVITIES 

Primarily the C. Y. O. is not an organization but a pro-
gram, and hence activities are its chief concern. Its object 
is to get its members to do things. This doing serves a two-
fold purpose. In the first place, it enriches the spiritual and 
material life of the doer. In the second, it aids him in occupy-
ing his leisure time constructively. 

In its scheme of organization, the C. Y. O. makes the 
parish the basic unit. It insists on breadth of participation, 
on getting as many youths into as many activities as possible. 
It uses inter-parochial competition not as an end in itself, 
because such competition is necessarily restricted to the more 
proficient few, but as a means of arousing the interest and 
motivating the participation on a parochial basis of the less 
proficient or unproficient many. This idea is so fundamental 
to a proper understanding of the C. Y. O. Program that it 
bears strong repetition. The center of interest in the program 
lies in the development of intra-mural activities. All activi-
ties included in this program have been grouped under one or 
another of the following seven general divisions: Religious; 
Cultural and Educational; Hobbies; Social; Vocational Guid-
ance; Athletics; Recreational (low organized games). 

29 



T H E RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES 
The C. Y. O. is basically religious. The Holy Name So-

ciety, which forms its foundation, is a confraternity of the 
Church, with very specific objectives and definite obligations, 
and enriched with special Indulgences. In order to gain the 
indulgences, the local Director in a parish must keep a regis-
ter in which the names of the members are inscribed. The 
register is simply a well-bound blank book. Any one may in-
scribe the names of the members in the register, provided the 
Director affix his signature to each page. The members of 
the Holy Name Society can gain the following Plenary in-
dulgences: On the day of enrollment, for those who, with 
true contrition for their sins, have confessed and communi-
cated. On the second Sunday of each month, for taking part 
in the procession in honor of the Holy Name, which indul-
gence may be gained on any other Sunday if the procession 
be transferred to it. Once a month, on any day at will, for 
those who spend half or quarter of an hour daily in mental 
prayer. At the moment of death, for those who have con-
fessed with true sorrow, and received the blessed Eucharist. 
Decree of the Congregation of Indulgences, August 3, 1898. 
A plenary indulgence for all members of the Holy Name 
Society when they take part in official Holy Name parades 
wearing the Society's official button or badge. For other 
indulgences refer to Official Holy Name Pocket Manual, 
pages 133-140. 

The C. Y. O. aims to aid boys and young men to grow 
to the stature of Christ. Religion is the motive power and 
final objective of all the activities which are embraced in the 
program. The program aims to make religion a vital part of 
the life of youth—such an integral part that he will take it 
with him into his home, his recreation, and his work. The 
whole atmosphere of the program is religious. Beyond this 
informal religious content, however, the C. Y. O. embraces a 
number of formal personal and corporate religious activities. 

Personal Religious Activities 

1. Perseverance in daily prayer. 
2. Regular participation in the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. 
3. Frequent reception of the Sacraments. 
4. Clean and reverent speech and thought. 

30 



The observance of all promises contained in the Holy 
Name Pledge. 

Corporate Parochial Activities 

The recitation of the Holy Name Pledge at all Communion 
Masses and meetings. 

. The monthly corporate Communion. 

3. The use of the Lives of the Saints which are sent to the 
Spiritual Director each month by the Archdiocesan Office. 
These Lives are intended to promote sanctity in the boys 
and young men by interesting them in the heroes of the 
Church and by arousing their desire to imitate these heroes. 
Saints are thosen who make pre-eminent appeal to youth 
or such incidents are culled from the lives of other saints 
as will both interest and edify. An effort is made not to 
lose humanity in spirituality. These men of God are pre-
sented as human beings with human nature and all that 
goes with human nature—human desires and interests and 
human faults'to be. overcome with the aid of Divine Grace. 
These Lives may be used in various ways. 
a. They may be read at the C. Y. O. meeting by someone 

prepared beforehand to read. 
b. They may be used by the Spiritual Director as the 

basis of his talk. 
c. They may be passed into the hands of the youth them-

selves. 
d. A live Society can convert any of the Lives into a one-

act play without much trouble. 
e. Two or three of the members may study the write-up 

and present it as a dialogue. 
f. However the Lives are used, it should be with prep-

aration so as to get the fullest benefit from the presen-
tation. 

4. An annual Triduum in honor of St. John Bosco, patron 
of the C. Y. O. 

5. An annual day of Recollection. 

6. Corporate attendance at the October Rosary devotion and 
Holy Hours. 

7. Participation in the all-night vigil on Holy Thursday. 

31 



Corporate Divisional and Archdiocesan Religious Activities 
1. Each Division conducts a public religious demonstration 

or rally four times a year. The following types are sug-
gested : 
a. A rally in some Church of the district on a Sunday 

afternoon or some evening. The following program 
is traditional: A sermon, the Holy Name Pledge, Lit-
any of the Most Holy Name, and Benediction. 

b. A rally conducted in a parish hall with a lay speaker 
on some vital Catholic topic followed by Benediction 
and Pledge in the church. 

c. A pilgrimage to some shrine like Holy Hill, the Chapel 
in the Woods at St. Francis Seminary, or a pilgrimage 
to a number of churches. 

d. A triduum conducted in some central church. 

e. A day of Recollection. 

f. Corporate Communion of all Societies in some cen-
tral church followed by a breakfast meeting. 

g. A field Mass for the summer activity. 

h. A Holy Hour service. 

i. A religious play like a Nativity or Lenten play. 

2. Participation in the Holy Name Society's Mass of Thanks-
giving celebrated on Thanksgiving morning. 

3. Participation in the celebration of the Patronal Feast of 
the Most Holy Name. 

32 



T H E CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES 
The C. Y. O. Program aims to assist youth in building a 

permanently satisfying life, a life which is warmly human 
and deeply spiritual. In addition to the religious content, 
therefore, it emphasizes those activities which tend to contrib-
ute to and perfect the cultural and intellectual life of youth. 
Besides this, the cultural and educational program is justified 
by a number of practical and utilitarian reasons, such as the 
following: 
1. It contains many momentarily engrossing things that af-

ford valuable training for adult life. 
2. To many youths one or several or all of the cultural ac-

tivities will appeal as will none of the other elements of 
the program. 

3. An adequate youth program must be capable of filling all 
the leisure time of the youth. It must not spend its use-
fulness in the few hours of the month devoted to group 
exercises or to highly organized activities. The cultural 
and educational program does provide activities which can 
be carried on in the home. 

4. It embraces activities which can be carried out by parishes 
lacking gymnasia and athletic equipment. 

The present cultural and educational program contains 
these activities: Study Clubs, Debates, Oratory, Interpre-
tation, Dramatics, Literary Work, and Music. 

Study Clubs 

The study club is a Senior C. Y. O. activity. Its im-
portance is beyond question. Many controversial issues, 
especially in matters social and economic, are everywhere be-
ing discussed ifi newspapers and periodicals, in homes, in 
factories, in offices, on street corners. The intelligent Cath-
olic youth cannot escape the problems themselves or their dis-
cussions. It is important, therefore, that he should think 
deeply concerning them. It is equally important that he be 
able to think straight. It is necessary that he be given a rich 
background of facts, and that he know the Catholic position 
on these problems in order that he may himself possess the 
truth and then, from this possession, assume a leadership 
over others. 

33 



As a means of providing backgrounds, stimulating thought, 
and making this thought dynamic through language, the study 
club is virtually indispensable. It is a convenient means for 
giving theoretical backgrounds; its discussions translate this 
background into the living experiences of its members; its 
continuity permits it to make new application of old theory 
as needs arise. 

While the study club is a "classy" activity appealing to 
the elite, one must not suppose that it cannot be popular. In 
the diocese of Great Falls, a rural diocese, for example, there 
are single parishes of only four or five hundred families with 
more than fifty study clubs each; similar reports are numer-
ous. The success of the Communist groups in this work 
demonstrates how interested the ordinary working man is in 
knowing about the major economic, moral, political, and so-
cial problems confronting the intelligent citizen in these times. 
There is not a single valid reason why the young men in the 
C. Y. O. should not be able to conduct hundreds of active 
and fruitful discussion study clubs. 

Definition and Description 
There are various kinds of study clubs; some are lecture 

clubs consisting chiefly of listeners, others are the so-called 
discussion study. The latter is more practical for the C. Y. O. 
program. The discussion study club aims directly at joint 
discussion. It is small, eight or ten members to a club at 
most, in order to promote general discussion. It is better 
to have several of these small clubs in an organization than 
one large one. One member acts as a leader—he sets the 
time and place of meetings, and attends to other arrangements 
such as chairs and lights. He is not the professor lecturing 
to the rest of the group, but acts as a sort of informal chair-
man, calling the attention of the group when they wander 
away from the main theme being discussed, softening heated 
arguments, and the like. 

Each member of a study club must have the text and out-
line of the matter to be discussed. Many excellent pamphlets, 
covering a broad range of material, are available from the 
N. C. W. C„ Paulist Press, Queen's Work Press, America 
Press, and other Catholic publishers. The usual procedure 
is to have one member read aloud a portion of the lesson, 

34 



and then have others continue until the entire assignment has 
been read. Discussion of the questions following the assign-
ment will bring out the essential points of the lesson and point 
the way to discussion pro and con. Experienced people insist 
that no study club can function properly that meets less than 
once each week, It is a wise thing to schedule a fall session 
of ten or twelve weeks and a similar period in the spring. 
Obviously it would be very difficult to run study clubs con-
secutively fifty-two weeks of the year. 

Whenever reports or papers are called for, it is essential 
that they be brief and to the point. Mere re-hashing of en-
cyclopedia articles is fatal to the enthusiasm and interest of a 
study club group. 
School 

The Archdiocesan Office maintains a school for study club 
leaders which is conducted every Friday night from Novem-
ber 12 to March 25 inclusive. The practical technique of 
operating clubs is thoroughly discussed and demonstrated. 
The Archdiocesan Office also supplies study outlines, leaders' 
manuals, and lists of reference material. 

Debate 

Debate is a Senior and Junior C. Y. O. activity. It is made 
part of the Milwaukee C. Y. O. program because: 
1. It provides opportunities for training in the investigation 

of public questions. 
2. It provides opportunities for training in public speaking. 
3. It provides opportunities for training in co-operative 

thinking. 
4. It provides opportunities for the development of leader-

ship. (The Milwaukee C. Y. O. believes that the spoken 
word is a potent and almost indispensable factor in such 
development.) 

5. It provides a means whereby audiences can receive infor-
mation on questions of the day. 

6. It builds character by teaching co-operation, self-control, 
socialized activity and the like. 

Definition and Description 
Debate is discussion pro and con on a pre-determined fixed 

subject, conducted according to definite rules. 

35 



In the C. Y. O., the debates are each comprised of six 
speakers, three affirmative and three negative. Each speaker 
is given five minutes in constructive speech , and three minutes 
in rebuttal. 

Promoting Interest 
1. Get a group of selected young men and present a demon-

stration debate on some up-to-the-minute subject. Avoid 
all dullness of presentation. Make the speeches short. 

2. Take any who want to come to a high school or college 
debate. There will be debating in your neighborhood. 
You might even invite some high school or college de-
baters to debate before your group. Warn them to make 
their speeches short and interesting. 

3. Explain to the boys what debate is. Tell them what is 
meant by affirmative and negative, by a proposition, by 
rebuttals, by proof. When you have explained some of 
these words you will have done much to awaken interest. 
People do not like and are not interested in what they do 
not understand. 

4. Show how frequently people argue and how important, 
therefore, skill in argument must be. 

5. Give debaters at least as much public favor as you give 
athletes. 

6. Get interested yourself and do not hesitate to express 
your interest. 

7. Use debate and discussion as a frequent method of adding 
interest to your meetings. Give many boys a chance to 
appear. You will find that many who do not volunteer 
are merely waiting to be drafted. They are eager to es-
cape from their public speaking limitations but are reluc-
tant to take the initiative. 

Suggestions for Coaching 
1. Conduct tryouts—possibly after much informal debating 

at meetings—to determine the squad that will represent 
the parish. 

2. Arrange a special meeting night for these. Talk over the 
question. Argue about it. When they begin to ask ques-
tions then let them begin to read. 

36 



3. When they have read and have taken notes then assign 
your members to one or the other side. Now they should 
begin to assemble arguments behind their respective stands 
on the proposition. Be sure they prove the proposition by 
means of sub-points and the sub-points by reasoning or by 
quoting authority. 

4. When the cases have been set it is always a good idea 
to have young debaters write speeches, even though they 
do not memorize them. 

5. Let them practice speaking both constructively and in re-
buttal. If the teams debate against each other the practice 
will prove doubly valuable. 

Competition 
Broad participation in this activity is desirable, but in order 

to stimulate interest and to test the ability of the individual 
members, Divisional leagues are conducted, and an Archdioc-
esan Tournament is sponsored. Regulations governing this 
competition are listed on page 103. 

Question 
The question for the 1937-1938 debate season is: 

RESOLVED: That the several states should 
amend their constitutions to provide for unicam-
eral legislatures. 

literature 
1. On the theory and art of debate: 

There are dozens of books on this subject and more 
are being constantly produced. Ask the librarian in any 
library. 

Foster, Argumentation and Debating, Houghton Miff-
lin Company, Boston. 

Winans and Utterback, Argumentation, Appleton Cen-
tury Company, New York. 

Summers, Contest Debating, H. W. Wilson Company, 
New York. 

2. On the question: 
Reference Shelf, H. W. Wilson Company, 950 Uni-

versity Avenue, New York. 

37 



Oratory 
Oratory is a Senior and Junior C. Y. O. activity. It has 

been included in the C. Y. 0 . Program because: 
1. It is a leadership activity, with functions similar to those 

listed under Debate. 
2. Power over the spoken word can become a source of great 

personal satisfaction. 
3. The preparation of a speech is excellent training in com-

position and affords opportunity for achieving thorough 
acquaintance with the subject matter of the oration. 

Definition 
An oration is a serious speech delivered to a serious audi-

ence on an occasion of some moment and on a subject of 
some dignity. 

Promoting Interest 
1. Tell the youth something about great orators. Get anec-

dotes. Tell them something about fine speakers you have 
heard. Tell them, using concrete instances, of people you 
have known who have become successful largely because 
they were able to talk. Tell them how the enemies of 
the Church rely on the spoken word. 

2. Invite an outstanding speaker to one of the meetings. At 
the following meeting discuss him. 

3. Give the youth brief information on what makes a good 
speech. Here are some clues. A good speech gets re-
sults. It "packs a wallop." It sells what it tries to sell, 
or in other words, it accomplishes its purpose. It has a 
beginning, a middle, and an end. The beginning prepares 
the audience for what is to come; the middle makes the 
point; the end concludes gracefully, generally by sum-
marizing. When young men understand that there is noth-
ing very mysterious about speech making or speeches, they 
are much less inclined to be afraid of attempting an ora-
tion. 

4. Show some real interest yourself. 

Suggestions for Coaching 

1. Select those young men who are interested in speaking and 
conduct a class for them. 

38 



2. Begin by analyzing a good simple speech so that the young 
man may see concretely the elements of a good speech. 

3. Assign subjects to all members of the class on which to 
write orations. 

4. Have them read their orations slowly in the presence of 
the class. Let them outline the orations. Gradually wean 
them from the manuscript. See that they look at the 
imaginary audience, talk to it in a tone loud enough to be 
heard, and talk with everything they have. Do not be 
too critical. Let them feel free. 

5. The secret of success in oratory is practice and more 
practice—especially practice in facing audiences. Try to 
find groups who are willing to be entertained by your 
youth. 

6. Do not bother too much about the theory of voice, ges-
ture, and the rest. Make sure your boy understands the 
meaning of what he is saying. Then help him to "let 
himself go." 

Competition 
This activity is for all Senior and Junior C. Y. O. mem-

bers in the parish, but in order to stimulate interest and to 
test the proficiency of the individual members, an annual con-
test is sponsored. Regulations governing the contest are listed 
on page 101. 
School of Speech 

The Union offers a ten weeks course in speech for those 
who seek a more thorough training in this work. This is a fee 
course. The cost per semester is Five Dollars. The course 
is conducted at Marquette University School of Speech. It 
opens on January 11, 1938. 
Literature 

Any good textbook on public speaking can be used. The 
following are recommended: 

Sarett and Foster, Basic Principles of Speech, Houghton 
Mifflin Company, New York. 

Lamers and Smith, The Making of a Speaker, Bruce Pub-
lishing Company, Milwaukee. 

Shurter, The Rhetoric of Oratory, The Macmillan Com-
pany, New York. 

39 



Interpretation 

Interpretation is a Junior C. Y. O. activity. It is made a 
portion of the C. Y. O. program because : 
1. It offers opportunity for training in the arts of the plat-

form. 
2. It gives opportunity for the cultivation of an art that gives 

pleasure to its possessor and to others as well. 
3. It serves to introduce the participant to the technique of 

the intimate appreciation of literature. 

Definition 
By interpretation is meant the reading of artistic selections. 

Formerly it was called "elocution." 

Promoting Interest 
1. Explain to the boys what interpretation is. Tell them that 

common reading is reading for ideas alone; that interpre-
tative reading makes them feel as well as understand. 
Show them the difference. Read a poem and then read 
a want ad. You do not have to be an actor to do this. 

2. Get someone who reads well to read before the boys. Be 
sure that the reading is not sissified, or artificial, or mawk-
ish. Make it brief and interesting. 

3. Give reasonable public recognition to this activity and to 
those who wish to participate in it. 

4. Show some interest yourself. 

Suggestions for Coaching 
1. Choose a selection with a particular boy in mind. 
2. Have him thoroughly master this selection by looking up 

all unfamiliar words and allusions; examining the title; 
reading something about the author and finding the occa-
sion that provoked the writing (for some selections at 
least) ; making an outline of the ideas, marking phrase 
groups, indicating speakers, and the like. 

3. Then let him practice before you. Do not interrupt too 
much. Make him visualize an audience and get his mes-
sage to them by use of his voice, his facial expression, and 
his whole body. Try to make him avoid artificiality. 

4. Interpretative readers will improve by reading before 
audiences. Arrange to have your boys give frequent ap-

40 



pearances before your C. Y. O., the Senior Holy Name 
Society, and the Home and School Association. Let them 
be put on the programs for parish celebrations. In a 
word, get them audiences wherever and whenever you can. 
If you limit this activity to a few boys who appear in a 
single contest you are not making full use of the oppor-
tunities it affords. The same holds true for the other cul-
tural activities in which the competitive element is used to 
create interest. 

Competition 
Broad participation in this activity is desirable. An an-

nual contest is sponsored in order to stimulate interest and to 
test the excellence of the participants. Regulations govern-
ing the contest are listed on page 102. 

Literature 
Clark, The Interpretation of the Printed Page, Row, Pe-

terson, and Company, Chicago. 

Woolbert and Nelson, The Art of Interpretative Speech, 
Crofts and Company, New York. 

Doxee, Practical Teacher of Public Speaking, Bruce Pub-
lishing Company, Milwaukee. 

Dramatics 

Dramatics are a Senior and Junior C. Y. O. activity. 
Dramatics are stressed in the C. Y. O. program for the reason 
that: 

1. They constitute one of the most absorbing leisure-time ac-
tivities. In them the mechanical crafts unite with the arts 
of expression. Thus the appeal of dramatics is broad. 

2. They are a means of bringing entertainment to many who 
do not actively participate. 

3. They are a powerful agent for propaganda. 
4. They constitute a rich source of culture. 
5. They are an agent for the development of speech powers. 
6. They teach valuable lessons in social co-operation. 
7. They can incidentally be used to provide revenue for other 

worthy causes. 

41 



Divisions 
Dramatics are divided into non-competitive general dra-

matics and competitive one-act plays. 

General Dramatics 

The non-competitive general dramatics include all forms 
of histrionics; the drama, one-act play, dialogue, minstrel, 
amateur night, talent night, and the like. There are parochial 
and divisional activities. 
Parochial 

Dramatics are primarily parochial activities, intended to 
fill the leisure time of those interested in the presentation and 
to offer wholesome recreation and entertainment for all the 
members of the C. Y. O. and for the parish. 

Divisional Activity 
The Divisional general dramatic activity consists of a Di-

visional Dramatic Club. Membership is open to all active 
members of the C. Y. O., irrespective of age. The Divisional 
Dramatic Club promotes and develops the dramatic talent of 
the C. Y. O. members. This dramatic club represents a Divi-
sional Little Theatre. As such, it provides instruction as well 
as actual practice in stage craft, make-up, and acting. The 
Club meets once a week in some central hall of the Division. 
The Archdiocesan Union provides the coaches for the Di-
visional Clubs. The Clubs have their own officers. The 
officers of the Clubs perform the same duties as the parish 
C. Y. O. officers and the chairmen represent their Clubs at the 
Divisional meeting. These Clubs present plays as a Divi-
sional activity. They may also present them for the benefit 
of individual parishes in the Division. 

Promoting Interest 
The very fact that non-competitive dramatic activity as 

indicated above may range from the simplest home-made dra-
matic brevities prepared with slight attention to costume and 
scenery to elaborate full length plays on the parish stage 
makes it difficult to offer specific suggestions for promoting 
interest. It may be stated, however, that, wherever possible, 
use should be made of the dramatic instinct. Meetings are 
livened, lessons are vividly brought home and opportunities for 
rich participation are offered by the frequent scheduling of 
short plays. Boys like to write their own plays, and to this 

42 



the Lives of the Saints, sent out monthly, might lend them-
selves very well. They like to dress in costume however de-
ficient in art. They like to make their own scenery. To give 
them expensive equipment in these things is frequently to 
deprive them of the joy of creation. In this matter from the 
standpoint of the participants the process is a great deal more 
important than the product. The ideal, especially for the 
older group, is a well equipped parish stage with workshop 
attached, for the presentation of frequent private and public 
performances. Such an activity will probably have to be un-
dertaken jointly with the parish young women's organization. 
(See also below under the One-Act Play.) 

Parish groups would do well to consider the staging of 
religious plays in the spirit of the Middle Ages when whole 
communities united to make public professions of faith 
through the drama, each of the several occupations making 
its contribution to it. When under competent direction, there 
are united the skills of carpenters, painters, seamstresses, 
salesmen, executives, each serving as best he may, with the 
skills of those competent in arts peculiar to the theater, then 
indeed is a religious play truly a parish activity. The spon-
soring of such a play is a splendid project for the C. Y. O. 
There is no difficulty whatever in arousing interest in it. 

Suggestions for Coaching 
See below, under One-Act Play. For small home-made 

dramatizations be sure not to let a false desire for artistic 
perfection interfere with the fun. 

Literature 
There are many books dealing in detail with all phases of 

play production. The following are typical: 
Selden, The Players Handbook> Crofts and Company, New 

York. 
Dean, Little Theatre Organization and Management, Ap-

pleton-Century Company, New York. 
Crafton and Royer, The Process of Play Production, 

Crofts and. Company, New York. 

One-Act Play 
For inter-parochial competition, the C. Y. O. limits dra-

matics to the One-Act Play. It is a Junior C. Y. O. activity. 

43 



Definition 
A One-Act Play is defined as a plotted dramatic presenta-

tion which is continuous; that is, is not interrupted by a cur-
tain. 

Promoting Interest 
The dramatic impulse is so universally prevalent from 

childhood to old age that it is not difficult to arouse interest. 
Everyone wants to act—to be someone else and somewhere 
else for a brief time. Occasionally timid persons may shy 
from public appearances. If you drag these people into your 
performance you will be rendering them real service. For the 
others: 
1. Announce your play. Tell them what it is about. De-

scribe the settings. Perhaps read fragments. 
2. Tell them how much real fun they can get out of acting 

or working on the stage. 
3. Show some enthusiasm yourself. 

Suggestions for Directing 
1. Pick out your play; read through it carefully noting the 

characters, age, appearance, type, the demands for scenery, 
and the plot sequence. 

2. Hold your tryouts for the cast. 
3. Get together your cast, read for memory, working the 

action as the reading progresses. 
4. Now take your play on the stage. See that your charac-

ters talk naturally to one another and that they move 
around naturally as they talk. 

5. Meanwhile work with another group in getting the stage 
ready. 

6. Let everyone feel that while you expect results and serious 
work, in anticipation of these the whole process is good 
fun which you are also enjoying. 

Competition 

An annual contest is conducted. Regulations governing this 
contest are listed on page 104. 

Literature 
Lists of One-Act Plays can be secured from the following 

concerns: Longmans Green and Company, 221 East 20th 

44 



Street, Chicago, Illinois; Catholic Dramatic Movement, Maple-
ton, Wisconsin, via Oconomowoc, Wisconsin; Samuel French, 
911 West 7th Street, Los Angeles, California; T. S. Denison 
and Company, 623 S. Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois; Wal-
ter H. Baker Company, 178 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass.; 
The Wetmore Declamation Bureau, 1304 S. Newton Avenue, 
Sioux City, Iowa; The Macmillan Company,. 65th Avenue, 
New York; The D. Appleton-Century Company, 353 Fourth 
Avenue, New York; The Dramatic Publishing Company, 
Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois; The Queen's Work Press, 
St. Louis, Missouri. 

Literary Activities 
The Literary activities are the Divisional Literary Club, 

Essay, and Short Story Writing. 

Divisional Literary Club 
The Divisional Literary Clubs are for the members of the 

Senior C. Y. O. These Clubs meet at least twice a month to 
discuss literature—particularly current—to promote good read-
ing, and to encourage writing with a view to publication. Di-
rectors for these Clubs are supplied by the Archdiocesan Of-
fice. Officers are elected by the members. Active member-
ship in the parish C. Y. O. is a pre-requisite for participation 
in the Divisional Literary Club. 

Suggestions for the Conduct of a Club 
1. Keep the classroom atmosphere out of the Club as much 

as possible. It is the function of the Director to suggest, 
to stimulate, to supervise, and to guide, but not to domi-
nate, to give lectures, or to assign homework. 

2. Keep the Club from degenerating into a business organiza-
tion. Make the necessary business meetings as brief and 
informal as possible. 

3. Encourage creative writing. Let the members bring their 
own compositions to the meetings and read them. Be sure 
that all criticism is constructive and not personal and carp-
ing. Offer inexpensive awards to those members who se-
cure publication. Offer a semi-annual award to the mem-
ber receiving the largest number of rejection slips. Require 
each member to write each month at least one letter to a 
newspaper. There are plenty of things to write about, and 

45 



once a young man has seen his comments in print he will 
never thereafter be the same, 

4. Vary the programs. On occasions, conduct meetings in the 
members' homes. Hold social meetings at which refresh-
ments are served. In good weather you might meet out-
doors, possibly for the reading of literature dealing with 
nature. If drama is discussed produce fragments of it. 
Hold occasional debates or discussions. Time spent on 
planning programs for interest is never wasted. 

5. Use devices such as Club book plans, joint purchasing, 
joint subscribing, to put good books and magazines in the 
hands of the members. Much can be done by submitting 
requests for selected book purchases to the public libraries. 

6. Encourage devices for disseminating whatever is gained 
to non-members of the Club. Make Club members avail-
able for brief book reviews and the like to parish and 
school organizations. 

7. Sponsor a Divisional paper. Appoint editors from among 
the Club members. Encourage all to write news items and 
feature stories. Arrangements to mimeograph the paper 
can be made with the Archdiocesan Office. 

Essay Writing 

Essay writing is a Junior C. Y. O. activity. It is made part 
of the C. Y. O. program because: 

1. By stimulating interest through awards and by awarding 
excellence, it tends to develop Catholic writers and in this 
fashion contributes to Catholic culture. 

2. Because leadership frequently is dependent in part at least 
upon the vigorous use of the written word, writing has 
value as a leadership activity. 

3. The writing of an essay is an excellent means of stimulat-
ing thought on a subject. 

Definition and D»scription 

By an essay is meant a brief, informal, personal presenta-
tion of a subject. It is distinguished from a treatise, which is 
detailed, formal, impersonal. Each year the C. Y. O. selects 
an essay subject which it feels is both timely and interesting. 
The general subject for the season 1937-1938 is the North-

46 



west Ordinance. For the several age classifications this sub-
ject has been narrowed as follows: 

"The History of the Northwest Ordinance" (Group A) . 
"The Makers of the Northwest Ordinance" (Group B). 
"The Northwest Ordinance in its Application to Catholics" 

(Group C). 

Promoting Interest 
1. Tell the members of your organization exactly what is 

wanted of them. They are to write a composition giving 
their viewpoints on the subject of the Northwest Ordi-
nance. 

2. It might be profitable for you to have the members of your 
organization discuss this subject either in open meeting, or 
by means of a panel discussion, or by means of a group 
discussion on the part of those who are especially inter-
ested. Anything that will remove unfamiliarity will increase 
interest. 

3. Give due announcement to the prizes and give reasonable 
public approval to those of the parish group who compete. 

4. Read a brief essay to the group. 
5. Show interest and enthusiasm yourself. 

Suggestions for Instructing 

1. Awaken interest. 
2. Solicit the co-operation - of the English teachers of the 

boys. 
3. Be willing to talk over the content with the boys. But DO 

NOT DO T H E WRITING. Adult's work handed in in 
place of boy's work wrongs the boy and does an injustice 
to the other contestants. 

4. Get each contestant to prepare a rough draft of his paper. 
Then urge him to clean up this draft. Be sure that the 
final essay: 
a. Has a single subject and deals with one phase of this 

subject. You can test this singleness by putting the 
whole content of the essay into a single sentence; 

b. Makes the point it sets out to make; 
c. Hangs together so that each sub-point leads to the next; 

47 



d. Has a definite introduction and conclusion; 
e. Is neatly written or typed. It is good training for young 

people to learn to prepare clean manuscripts. 

Literature 
1. On essay writing. Any text dealing with English compo-

sition will supply enough general information to enable one 
to put an essay together. The rule for essay writing is: 
"Get some material, get a viewpoint, and write down your 
ideas." You do not need a special treatise about the form 
of the essay to do this much. More you will not want to 
do. 

2. On the subject. Thwaits, Wisconsin, Houghton Mifflin, 
Boston. 

America, Volume IV (Veterans of Foreign Wars of the 
United States, Americanization Department). 

Wilson, History of the American People, Documentary 
Edition, Volumes V and VI, Harper and Bros., New 
York. 

Barrett, Evolution of the Ordinance of 1787, Putnam, 
New York. 

Short Story Telling and Writing 

Short Story telling and writing is a Senior C. Y. O. activ-
ity. It is made part of the C. Y. O. program because: 
1. It offers an effective means of introducing young writers 

to the art of fiction. The development of Catholic fiction 
writers must be a major function of any program to raise 
the level of Catholic culture. 

2. It serves as an introduction to a technique that gives pleas-
ure to its possessor and may be used as a profitable avoca-
tion or even vocation. 

3. It is a valuable means of motivating toward power over 
the written word. This, as noted above, has implications 
for leadership. 

Definition 
A short story is a brief prose narrative, primarily imagina-

tive, which by means of the adhesion of every part to one 
central purpose renders a coherent and interpretative account 
of some phase of action or mood. 

48 



'Promoting Interest 

1. Ask the young men to read some well written short stories. 

2. Encourage the young men to tell stories, or to write out 
and read stories. The interest in plotted narrative is so 
universal that little need be done to awaken interest in the 
form. All of us like to tell our experiences, real or imagi-
nary. In the earlier stages, until reticence has been broken 
down, it might be a good plan to have the young men re-tell 
stories they have read. 

3. Don't get technical or use classroom methods or sure-fire 
professional formulae. You will kill interest by surround-
ing the story telling or writing process with a great many 
rules. 

Suggestions for Instructing 

1. Awaken interest as suggested above. 

2. Encourage the first feeble efforts. Praise beyond merit if 
necessary. 

3. For contest short stories, get the contestants to pick some 
kind of plot—something must happen, although it need 
not generally be anything unusual, to arouse interest in 
the opening paragraph and then to keep up suspense by 
delaying the complete satisfaction of this interest until 
the last. See that the story is told in a straight line with a 
minimum amount of doubling back on itself and of irrele-
vancies. See that it moves, that its progress is not clogged 
with long-winded descriptions or explanations. See, too, 
that its characters talk and act like the people they are 
supposed to be and that enough backgrounds are put in to 
make the story seem reasonable. See that the story ends 
when the interest that was created in the opening para-
graph is satisfied. 

5. Be sure that the final draft is neatly prepared. 

Literature 

There are many books on short story technique. Among 
the more valuable are: 

Bennet, Weaving the Short Story, R. R. Smith, New York. 
D'Orsey, Stories You Can Sell, Harper, Stone and Baird, 

Los Angeles. 
49 



Law, Stories of Today and Yesterday, Century Company, 
New York. 

Music 
The musical activities of the C. Y. O. are conducted 

through Divisional Music Clubs and include choruses and 
bands. 

Music has been included in the program of the C. Y. O. 
because: 
1. Its appreciation is one of the keenest of the aesthetic pleas-

ures and makes for a fuller development of life. 
2. Its performance is an art which contributes to the appre-

ciation of the performer and gives him a skill by which 
he can satisfactorily occupy leisure hours and by which 
he can afford pleasure to others. 

3. The social performance of music as in choruses and bands 
teaches valuable lessons in social co-operation. 

Divisional Chorus 
All C. Y. O. members of the Division, who are in good 

standing in their own parish societies, are eligible for mem-
bership in the Divisional Chorus. The Chorus rehearses once 
a week in some central parish hall or meeting room in the 
Division. The directors of the Choruses are furnished by 
the Archdiocesan Office. 

Divisional Band 

All C. Y. O. members of the Division, who are in good 
standing in their own parish societies, are eligible for mem-
bership in the Divisional Band. The Band rehearses once a 
week in some central parish hall or meeting room in the Di-
vision. The directors of the Bands are furnished by the 
Archdiocesan Office. 

Divisional Chorus and Band Clubs 

Divisional Choruses and Bands are conducted as Clubs 
within a Division. Each Club has its own officers. They 
hold the same rank and perform the same duties as parish 
officers. The chairman represents the Club at the Divisional 
meeting. 

50 



T H E SOCIAL ACTIVITIES 
Social activities are a definite part of any comprehensive 

youth program. The normal youth is interested in and seeks 
social life. Besides supplying harmless amusement and recrea-
tion, a planned social program fits youth for society by teach-
ing him to act co-operatively with others, and thus prepares 
him for his state in life. Adolescence is an important period 
of re-adjustment. It is the transition period between the gang 
age when the child lives in a society of his own choosing and 
making, and maturity when he lives in an adult society which 
is determined by tradition and convention. The youth must 
gradually be introduced into the niceties of this society, and 
must learn to live co-operatively with the other members if 
he wishes to succeed in life. The principal social activities of 
the C. Y. O. program are Group Projects, Social Gatherings, 
and Dances. The Recreational Program which is considered 
a separate department of the C. Y. O. is properly a social 
activity. 

Group Projects 
Group projects are activities for the Junior C. Y. O. They 

are intended to fill leisure hours not otherwise occupied and 
to teach the youth to work in harmony with others. The suc-
cess of this work brings social approval which the adolescent 
seeks. It is an introductory activity. 

Conducting Project 
The group project can be undertaken by the entire So-

ciety or committees can be formed and special phases of the 
work assigned to each group. The Society may adopt one 
project for the entire year, or a new project may be chosen 
for each month. Several projects may be undertaken simul-
taneously by the Society and each separate project assigned 
to a distinct committee. 

1. Give everyone a job and make everyone feel that his con-
tribution is important and appreciated. Sometimes the 
group projects will appeal to the rare boy who is un-
touched by the remainder of the program. The group 
project is a flexible activity. Plan it to meet the needs and 
interests of as many boys as possible. 

2. Remember that the deepest fun in the group project comes 
from the social satisfaction of working together. Ac-

51 



cordingly, even in projects in which there is a decentraliza-
tion of activity, use devices for vividly suggesting the so-
cial oneness. Send boys out in pairs rather than alone. 
Have the entire group gather frequently for the making 
of reports and the laying of further plans. When the 
group is together, even working, use community singing, 
or cheering, or refreshments, as means of building group 
solidarity. 

3. Do not allow group projects to drag. Plan them in ad-
vance in outline form at least, have all necessary materials 
at hand when the workers report, be ready to assign jobs 
or to call for volunteers to do specific things, arouse in-
terest, stimulate psychological drive by putting -everybody 
to work, and finish the job before the interest has a chance 
to sag. 

4. The leaders, particularly the Spiritual Directors, should 
mingle and even work with the boys, without sacrificing 
authority to familiarity. It is fun for young people to 
do what their elders consider fun to do. 

Projects 
Community projects—Assist in community drives, safety 

campaigns, fire prevention, and the like. 
Church projects—Repair and clean church premises and 

equipment; assist in parish drives and census; help at parish 
festivals and bazaars; present plays and entertainment for 
the parish. 

Charity projects—(Note: These activities must be con-
ducted under the guidance of and in co-operation with the 
parish St. Vincent de Paul Society). Collect and repair toys 
for Christmas distribution; distribute Christmas baskets; col-
lect old clothing, paper, and the like for the St. Vincent de 
Paul Society; present programs in hospitals and institutions. 

Catholic Press project — Promote the Catholic Herald-
Citizen; sell Catholic papers, especially the Catholic Herald-
Citizen on street-corners; collect Catholic magazines and 
books, and distribute them to the poor, hospitals, and institu-
tions; collect books for a parish library; promote sale of 
Catholic periodicals in public news stands; distribute Catholic 
pamphlets and periodical literature in offices, at factory gates, 
and public places. 

52 



Mission projects—Collect stamps for the missions; dis-
tribute mite boxes for Lenten or other special alms; organize 
study clubs to learn more about the missions. 

Social Gatherings 
Social gatherings are attractive activities for the Junior 

C. Y. O. 

Suggested types of social gatherings 
A social gathering may be made part of a diversified pro-

gram or may constitute the entire program for an evening. 
Social gatherings may take the following forms: parties, par-
ticularly seasonal parties at times such as Christmas or Hal-
lowe'en; picnics; hikes; song-fests, or, more commonly, com-
munity singing; mock trials; mock elections; game evenings; 
stunt nights; amateur nights; shows; movies; home made cir-
cuses. In connection with some of these, it might add to the 
sociability to serve lunch which can be furnished by the So-
ciety or brought along by the members. 

Some rules for hikes 
1. Determine upon a definite day and place for the hike. 

Get permission from the owner or proper authority to 
use the place. Don't trespass. The place should be within 
reasonable distance—a hike means coming home as well 
as going out—and should afford good drinking water and 
adequate facilities for play. 

2. Have the boys secure the permission of their parents. Tell 
the boys what they should bring along, when and where 
they should meet, and at what time they will return. 

3. Get adequate supervision for the hike. 

4. Start promptly. If the hike is on Sunday or a holy-day, 
check Mass attendance. 

5. Permit no loitering either coming or going. This injunc-
tion does not call for lock step or military formation. 

6. When the objective is reached get into your planned pro-
gram. Do not permit independent roving and mete out 
summary justice for destruction of property. The entire 
group should swim at one time and the boys should be 
paired as a safety measure. 

7. Before the time for departure comes put the grounds in 

S3 



at least as good a condition as they were when you ar-
rived. 

8. See that the boys go promptly to their homes on their 
return. 

Dancing 
The C. Y. O. program encourages adequately supervised 

dancing as an activity for the Seniors for the following rea-
sons : 
1. Dancing conducted under proper auspices serves to bring 

together young men and women in a social way and thus 
may become a factor leading to courtship and ultimately 
to marriage. There might be less mixed marriages if more 
opportunities to meet together were supplied to Catholic 
young men and women. 

2. Dancing supplies occasion for the cultivation of good man-
ners and social graces. 

3. Dancing, properly indulged in, is a pleasant leisure-filling 
activity. 

4. Dancing is fundamentally satisfying in as much as it gives 
expression to the innate impulse of rhythm. 

54 



HOBBIES AND HOBBY CLUBS 
Hobbies are a Senior and Junior C. Y. O. activity. \ 

hobby is something in which a person is so greatly interested 
that he wants to think about it, speak about it, discuss it, do 
something about or at it every spare moment at his disposal. 
While, in a general way, every activity of the C. Y. O. can 
be considered as a hobby, the formal hobby program is limited 
to creative or handicraft hobbies. 

The cultivation of hobbies is a very important activity of 
the C. Y. O. Hobbies enrich the life of youth by creating 
new interests, and by furnishing worthwhile occupation for 
leisure time. Many hobbies possess vocational guidance value 
and assist in determining careers. The appeal of the hobby 
lies in the fact that it satisfies native instincts. Hobbies are 
fun ; they are entertaining, engaging, and stimulating. They 
are genuinely worthwhile. 
Means of Promoting Hobbies 
1. Through lectures and demonstrations by experts, and by 

arranging exhibits either at the parish, school, or at the 
C. Y. O. meeting. The Archdiocesan Office is prepared 
to supply men to give lectures and demonstrations. 

2. Through forming parish hobby Clubs; that is, through al-
lowing five or more C. Y. O. members with similar in-
terests to unite for the cultivation of a hobby. These 
Clubs meet at the homes of the members. The club-mem-
bers display their handicrafts from time to time and ex-
plain their hobby at C. Y. O. meetings. 

3. Through the Divisional Hobby Club, where boys of an 
entire Division with similar hobby interests meet. 

The Divisional Hobby Club 
These Clubs meet once every two weeks under the guid-

ance of a competent director who instructs and supervises their 
work. Directors are supplied by the Archdiocesan Office. 
Each Club has its own officers. The number of Clubs in a 
Division depends upon the hobby interests of the youth. In 
those hobbies where there is not a sufficient number of boys 
in one Division to warrant an expert director, the members 
of two or more Divisions are combined into one Club. Active 
participation in the parish C. Y. O. is demanded for member-
ship in the Divisional Hobby Club. 

55 



Archdiocesan Hobby Exhibit 
The Archdiocesan Office conducts an annual exhibit or 

show in order to: 
1. Give the youth an opportunity to display publicly their 

skill and to place their work in competition with that of 
other youths. 

2. Promote hobby interest among those who have not yet 
adopted a hobby, and to encourage every boy and young 
man to develop a hobby. Special hobby exhibits are also 
held by the parishes and the Divisions. 

The Archdiocesan Hobby Exhibit is a competitive display 
of all hobby work fostered by the C. Y. O. The regulations 
governing the Hobby Exhibit are given on page 109. 

Literature 
Recreation—a monthly magazine published by the National 

Recreation Association, New York. 
Leisure—a monthly magazine published in Boston. 
Jackson, Hobbies for Boys, J. B. Lippincott Co., Phila-

delphia, Pa. 
Lampland, Hobbies for Everybody, Harper and Bros., 

New York. 

The Hobby Program 
While it is planned ultimately to have the C. Y. O. pro-

gram as extensive as the major hobby interests of the mem-
bers, the present formal program is limited to the following 
classes of hobbies: Collecting, Model Building, Home Work 
Shop, and Art. 

Collecting 

Collecting as a hobby gives pleasure because it satisfies 
the acquisitive instinct. It is profitable because collections 
gathered at small cost frequently prove valuable. It is edu-
cational because it leads to study regarding the objects col-
lected. It develops artistic skill because these objects demand 
artistic arrangement if the collection is to give the fullest 
satisfaction. The C. Y. O. recommends collecting as a valuable 
leisure time activity. Officially it makes an effort to sponsor 
the following types of collections: Stamps, Autographs, and 
Botanical and Zoological Collections. 

56 



Stamp Collection 

There is romance in stamps. To turn the pages of a stamp 
album is to dissolve time and space. History, geography, art, 
drama, and adventure all are wrapped up in the humble 
postage stamp. 

Materials Needed 

Album 
A loose-leaf album is recommended. A convenient album 

of this type can be made from an inexpensive loose-leaf 
binder, preferably one having three rings, and containing 
either blank or quadrilled pages. The pages in such a binder 
are readily interchangeable and thus can be made to fit any 
changes or additions that are later to be made in the collection. 

Hinges 
Stamps are never glued to the album page, but are mounted 

on stamp hinges, consisting of small pieces of glassine paper. 
These hinges are folded, moistened on both sides, and then 
applied to both stamp and page. In this way, the stamps are 
securely affixed yet are removable at will. 

Tongs 
Stamps are never picked up or handled with the fingers, 

because the oil of the skin soon soils them. A stamp tong 
or tweezer is used instead to assure a better preservation of 
the specimen. 

Stumps 
Finding the stamps is the biggest, yet the most enjoyable 

part of stamp collecting. Old letters in attics and trunks are 
a fertile source. Foreign stamps can be secured by purchasing 
mission mixtures at stamp stores. Trading duplicate stamps 
with other collectors increases one's collection. The United 
States Government maintains a department where many 
stamps no longer on sale at local post offices are sold at face 
value plus return postage. Drop a postcard to The Philatelic 
Agency, Division of Stamps, Post Office Department, Wash-

. ington, D. C., giving your full name and address and asking 
for the list of available collector's stamps. The address of a 
similar department of the Canadian Government is, Philatelic 
Section, Financial Branch, Post Office Department, Ottawa, 
Canada. Only unused stamps are sold by these departments. 

57 



Arrangement 

The stamps are usually arranged according to country. 
Interesting specialty collections may be obtained by collecting 
and mounting together ships, birds, animals, buildings, re-
ligious and commemorative stamps issued by the various coun-
tries. The collection may be decorated or illustrated. Always 
choose stamps that are in the best condition available. If pos-
sible avoid placing faded, torn, or heavily cancelled stamps in 
your collection. Meter markings used by large companies are 
not regarded as stamps although government envelopes, post 
card stamps, and postage due stamps are regarded as such. 

Catalogues 

Advanced collectors usually provide themselves with a 
catalogue which lists and even illustrates almost every stamp 
issued. With such a book one can learn to what year, coun-
try, and issue a stamp belongs, what it commemorates, and 
what its approximate value may be. 

Literature 
Kimble, How to Collect Stamps, Gross?tt and Dunlap, 

New York. 
Stamps—Description of United States Stamps, Superin-

tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Wash-
ington, D. C. Price 25c. (This publication may be obtained 
by writing to your Congressman.) 

Butler, The Young Stamp Collector's Own Book, Bobbs-
Merrill, New York. 

Devereux, The Stamp Collector's History of the United 
States (Blue Ribbon Book). 

Rothschild, Stories Postage Stamps Tell, G. P. Putnam 
Sons, New York. 

Periodical Literature, Stamps, H. L. Lindquist, New York 
City. 

Autograph Collections 

Autograph collections consist of the signatures of well-
known and famous people. Having an autograph of a person 
is the next best thing to having acquaintance with the person. 
Autograph collecting is an easy and inexpensive pastime, 
particularly if your tastes do not run to obscure signers of 
the Declaration of Independence or Kings four hundred years 

58 



dead. Interesting collections can be made of the signatures 
of local notables, of members of athletic teams, distinguished 
visitors, lecturers, singers, writers, actors, or of the stars of 
the local radio station. In collecting autographs it is well to 
collect with a single idea in mind rather than at random. 
Autographs are mounted in a loose-leaf binder and classified 
according to the field of achievement for which the individuals 
are known. 

How to secure autographs 
1. By meeting the people whose autographs are sought and 

asking them to sign. 
2. By writing such people and requesting their signature. 

When writing, a stamped return envelope is enclosed. 
3. By purchase. 
4. By exchange of duplicate signatures with other collectors. 

hiterature < 
Madigan, The Lure of Autograph Collection,, Frederick 

A. Stokes Company, New York. 
Jolline, Rambles in Autographs, G. P. Putnam Sons, New 

York. 
Botanical Collections 

Botanical specimens reveal the nature interest of the col-
lector. In addition to offering good wholesome outdoor recre-
ation, the project of collecting and classifying botanical items 
touches upon the field of nature study. It is educational, re-
vealing, and interesting. 
Specimens 

Botanical collections consist of wood, bark, leaves, blos-
soms, fruit, plants, and flowers. 

Arrangements 
These specimens are mounted on wooden boards or frames 

in an orderly fashion. A complete explanation of the speci-
mens is given with each item, showing the research and study 
involved. An interesting exhibit can be made by collecting 
and mounting together the bark, wood, leaves, blossoms, and 
fruit of a single specimen. 
hiterature 

W. W. Bailey, Botanical Collectors Handbook, G. A. Bates 
Co., Salem, Mass. 

Botanical Fine Art Weekly, G. H. Buck and Co. 

59 



Zoological Collections 

There is a certain appeal of adventure—of search and 
chase—in the gathering of zoological specimens. The ma-
terials for the cultivation of this hobby fill the great world 
of nature that surrounds us. As a result interesting and 
valuable collections may be made at very little cost. 

Specimens 

Zoological specimens consist chiefly of beetles, butterflies, 
and moths. 

Localities 

These specimens can be found in any woodland, marsh, 
or countryside. A few days spent on the farm will supply 
the collector with a large variety of exhibits. 

Killing the specimens 

Specimens are usually killed with chloroform. A cyanide 
bottle is sometimes used, but great precautions must be taken 
since it is a very deadly poison. 

Arrangement 

These specimens are mounted on wooden boards or frames. 
They are fastened with ordinary pins. 

Literature 

Publications of the Department of Agriculture, Washing-
ton, D. C. 

Textbooks on Zoology. 

Model Building 

The universal interest in model building springs as much 
from the desire to possess something of miniature excellence 
as it does from the creative instinct which makes the average 
boy or man take pleasure in making thiflgs. Model building 
teaches the crafts of the home workshop; it broadens the 
mental horizon, particularly when the models are miniatures 
of things distant in place or time or fact. It sharpens the 
powers of observation. 

Classification 

The C. Y. O. classifies model building under two cate-
gories, Model Airplanes and Model Boats. 

60 



Model Airplanes 

We live in an age of man made wings. The daily papers 
are filled with the news of the world of aviation, of thrilling 
flights, of broken records, of hazardous ventures, of scientific 
achievement that belittles gravity and makes man and metal 
soar. 

The youth of today is fired with the thrill of this conquest 
of the air. He too builds his craft—in miniature it is true— 
and in this way he shares the knowledge and the adventure 
of his elders. His hobby carries him out of the workshop to 
the airport where he studies the latest designs in ships; it 
takes him to the library where he reads of the feats of in-
ventors and aviators; it takes him to the open fields where he 
flies his model. It is a consuming interest. 

There are several kinds of model airplanes: Solid Scale, 
Flying Models, and Built-up Scale. Regular kits for the man-
ufacture of these may be purchased. 
Literature 

Day and Vincent, Miniature Aircraft, Leisure 683 Atlantic 
Avenue, Boston, Mass. 

Much information regarding the building of models can 
be found in the following magazines: 

Model Airplane News, Jay Publishing Company, New 
York. 

Popular Aviation, Popular Aviation Publishing Company, 
Chicago, 111. 

Flying Aces, New York. 
Aero Digest, New York. 

Model Boats 

Akin to the interest in model airplanes is the interest in 
model water craft. Here the romance lies in the salty flavor 
of the sea that comes to the maker of the miniature boat. 

Classification 
Model boat building includes sailing boats, yachts, steam-

ers, and power boats. The materials for model boat building 
are usually purchased in kits. 

literature 
Cavileer, Model Boat Building, The Bruce Publishing Co., 

Milwaukee, Wis. 
61 



Horst, Model Boats for Juniors, The Bruce Publishing 
Co. 

Horst, Model Sail and Power Boats, The Bruce Publish-
ing Co. 

The Home Workshop 

The home workshop, because of its proximity to the hearth, 
offers many attractions to the youth who likes to make things. 
It converts the spare corner of the basement into a veritable 
home manufacturing center from which issue many useful and 
many decorative articles. Not the least of its advantages is 
its convenience. Here one can go at odd moments and in 
the friendly atmosphere of well used tools and odds and ends 
of things find calm pleasure in the handicrafts. 
Classification 

Under home workshop activities, the following are classi-
fied: Metal Work, Tin Work, Leather Work, Wood Work, 
and Bows and Arrows. 

Metal Work 

Although the working of metals is among the oldest of 
the arts its appeal to the craftsman has lost none of its fresh-
ness. Metal working fascinates as much because, the objects 
created have permanence as because they have great utility 
and beauty. Many of the creations of the metal workers can 
be used in the home and thus become a source of pride to 
him. 

Classification 
Metal work embraces articles made of copper, brass, 

bronze, aluminum, and pewter. 

Objects which can be made 
An innumerable amount of practical objects can be fash-

ioned from these materials. Among the more popular are the 
following; lamps, candlesticks, letter openers and desk sets, 
bonbon dishes, bowls and vases, tankards and drinking cups 
and mugs, plates and platters of various kinds, ash trays, 
brackets, cigarette boxes, tobacco boxes, bracelets and orna-
ments, book ends, door knockers, mail and match boxes, 
weather vanes, and the like. 

Tools needed 
Ball -peen hammer, mallet, tin snips, wood forms, stakes, 

and planishing hammers. 
62 



Literature 
Lukowitz, Interesting Art Metal Work, The Bruce Pub-

lishing Co.., Milwaukee, Wis. 
Petersen, 101 Metalworking Projects, The Bruce Publish-

ing Co. 
Ballinger, Elementary Wrought Iron, The Bruce Publish-

ing Co. 
Tin Can Work 

Tin can work is a preliminary stage of real metal work. 
It is very popular because of the inexpensiveness of the ma-
terials that are used. 
Objects which can be made 

The same objects that are made with other metals can 
also be made of tin. 

Tools and Materials needed 
Empty tin cans, can opener, hammers, mallets, tin snips, 

and wood blocks. 
Literature 

Lukowitz, 55 New Tin Can Projects, The Bruce Publish-
ing Co. 

Leather Work 

There are few young men who would not like to have a 
half dozen things which they themselves could make out of 
leather in a home workshop. In the simplicity and ease with 
which leather can be worked lies no small part of its appeal 
for the amateur craftsman. 
Types of leather used 

Calfskins and split cow hides are generally used, and, in 
some cases, soft suede leathers. 
Objects to be made 

Bill folds, brief cases, purses, belts, hat bands, knife cases, 
knife and ax sheaths, moccasins, arm braces, arrow quivers, 
coin purses, book covers, and the like. 
Tools and Materials needed 

Leather punches, mallets, fasteners, embossing punches, 
leather, and leather bindings. 

Literature 
Biggart, Leathercraft and Beading, Camp Fire Outfitting 

Co., New York. 

63 



Mickel, Leather Work, Manual Arts Press, Peoria, 111. 
Griswold, Handicraft, Lester Griswold, Colorado Springs, 

Colo. 
Snyder, The Leathercraftsman, Worcester, Mass. 

Wood Work 

Wood working as a leisure time occupation for the home 
has been given much impetus by manual training classes in 
schools. By means of it an endless variety of objects can be 
produced. Wood working is a hobby that once cultivated is 
seldom relinquished. No better recommendation can be 
wanted for it. 

Classification 

Wood working is divided into Scroll Saw Work, Archi-
tectural Building, Carving, and Furniture Making. 

Scroll Saw Work 

Scroll saw work takes its name from the saw used in the 
work. Wooden toys of all sorts, and odds and ends like shelves, 
and magazine racks, are made. 
Tools and Materials needed 

Basswood or pine is generally used for the material. The 
tools are hand or power scroll saw, hammer, brads, glue. 

Architectural Models 

While it is not new, the building of architectural models 
has recently seen a tremendous growth in popularity. This 
hobby makes for an appreciation of design in building; it 
awakens interest in the men and movements that created 
homes and cathedrals; it informs the eye and adds to the joy 
of living. The model builder need not confine himself to 
construction of a single model. The history of the architec-
tural changes of American living quarters from the earliest 
log cabins to the modernistic residences of today can be traced 
in wood by the model builder. Or he may find pleasure in con-
structing models of the living quarters used in different coun-
tries. These projects are all alluring and interesting. 

Carving 

The art of carving can be traced from the dawn of civili-
zation. Most boys love to whittle. The whistles and pipes 
whittled in youth often lay the foundation for artistic and 

64 



sculptural carving in later life. Pictures and emblems can be 
portrayed in wood by the skillful carver. The work, though 
it requires application, is not difficult. 

Tools and Materials needed 
Oak wood, walnut, mahogany, or even basswood are used. 

Knives, chisels, and gouges are the required tools. 

Literature 

Sowers, Wood Carving Made Easy, The Bruce Publish-
ing Co. Furniture 

The hobby of furniture making does not necessarily re-
quire anything but hand tools. However, in the home where 
a father is equipped with a few of the popular power ma-
chines, the art of furniture making will readily take root. 
Tables, chairs, desks, cupboards, bookcases, and the like are 
all popular articles made. 

Literature 
Kernow, Easy to Make Toys, The Bruce Publishing Co., 

Milwaukee, Wis. 
Wright, Toys Every Child Can Make, The Bruce Pub-

lishing Co. 
De Vette, 100 Problems in Woodwork, The Bruce Pub-

lishing Co. 
Milton and Wahlers, Course in Wood Turning, The Bruce 

Publishing Co. 
Shaver, Furniture Boys Like to Build, The Bruce Pub-

lishing Co. 
Shea and Wenger, Colonial Furniture, The Bruce Pub-

lishing Co. 
Lukowitz and Madsen, Problems in Furniture Design and 

Construction, The Bruce Publishing Co. 
Califf, Permanent Bird Houses, The Bruce Publishing 

Co. 
Bows and Arrows 

Archery, once the sport of kings, is being rapidly revived 
as a popular hobby through the making of bows and arrows. 
Equipped with a few basic tools and materials, the hobbyist 
can produce excellent bows and arrows. 

65 



Materials needed 

Lemon wood or hickory staves, birch shafts, linen thread, 
glue, and feathers. 

Tools needed 
Scraper, spokeshaves, fletcher, and file. 

Literature 
Hunt and Metz, The Flat Bow, The Bruce Publishing 

Co., Milwaukee, Wis. 

Decker, Bows and Arrows for Boys, The Bruce Publish-
ing Co. 

Stemmler, The Archery Workshop, L. E. Stemmler Com-
pany, Queen's Village, Long Island, N. Y. 

Art 

Under the art hobbies are classified photography, pen and 
pencil drawings, painting, and clay modeling. 

Photography 

In almost every American home pictures are taken, de-
veloped, and printed, and thus the hobby of photography is 
practically universal. Anyone who cultivates this hobby should 
remember, however, that it can be developed with great profit 
and pleasure beyond the rudimentary stage at which it is 
generally practiced into a fine art which is akin to painting and 
which offers inexhaustible opportunities. 

Classification 
The hobby of photography in the C. Y. O. program in-

cludes : 

1. Taking the picture. 
2. Developing and printing the picture. 
3. Enlarging the picture. 

Literature 
How to Make Good Pictures, Eastman Kodak Company, 

Rochester, New York. 

Pen and Pencil Drawing 

Pen and pencil drawing offers a variety of interest to the 
up and coming young artist. It is the type of hobby that can 
be practiced at no cost beyond a few cents for materials. 

66 



Drawing paper, even the best of it, is relatively cheap, and the 
garden variety of pens and pencils serves very well for the 
beginner. 

Literature 
Books on pencil drawing: 
Guptil, Sketching and Rendering in Pencil, Pencil Point 

Press, publishers. 
Johnson, The Technique of Pencil Drawing, Pitman Pub-

lishing Company. 
Remis, Drawing in Lead Pencil, Birchman Publishing 

Company. 
Books on ink drawing: 

Lutz, Practical Pen Drawing, Charles Scribner's Sons. 

Painting 

Painting is another of those artistic hobbies wherein talent 
is the primary qualification. To a youth gifted in this art, it 
offers a world of pleasure and wholesome recreation. 

Literature 
O'Hara, Making Water Color Behave, Minton-Balch. 
Droust, A Manual in Water Color Drawing, Frederick 

Warren. 
A. T. Laurie, Simple Rules for Painting in Oils, Winston 

and Newton. 

Parkhurst, The Painter in Oil, Lathrop Co., Boston, Mass. 

Clay Modeling 

Clay modeling is a preliminary hobby for the youth in-
terested in sculptoring. It is a personal hobby wherein the 
individual artistry of the modeler is the sole guide. Clay 
modeling usually takes for its subject figures and statues. 
The clay can be purchased from any art store. 

67 



T H E VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE ACTIVITIES 

Vocational guidance is commonly defined as any help given 
to an individual in choosing, preparing for, entering upon, and 
progressing in an occupation. There are a number of im-
portant reasons for including vocational guidance in the C. Y. 
0 . program. 
1. Many Catholic youths will not have adequate vocational 

guidance unless it is part of the C. Y. O. program. In 
fact, many will have no vocational guidance whatever. It 
is true that various agencies such as service organizations, 
schools, libraries, industries, and the press are carrying on 
guidance activities. Still there are many youths who are 
not reached at all, or whose individual problems are not 
touched by such programs. 

2. Often the guidance that is given is not based on a sound 
consideration of values. Seldom does one see in ordinary 
guidance programs adequate consideration of motives other 
than financial; seldom are the religious vocations men-
tioned at all; seldom are youths impressed with their obli-
gation to utilize their time and their talents for other than 
selfish purposes. If youths are already being reached by 
vocational guidance programs, much can be done in our 
program by overcoming present weaknesses. 

3. Guidance relating to religious vocation is most effective 
when youths have already been made "guidance-minded." 
Boys and young men who have been stimulated to think 
of their future; who have been helped to formulate a sound 
conception of success; who have formed the habit of ana-
lyzing their abilities, their interests, their opportunities, and 
their responsibilities—these youths are much more ready 
to give intelligent consideration to the religious vocation 
than are those who have been living only in the present. 

4. The typical activities of the C. Y. O. guidance program 
offer excellent opportunities for group guidance on the 
religious vocations. There are boys and young men, too 
reticent to seek individual counsel regarding the religious 
life, who welcome an opportunity for such advice when 
it is less conspicuously given. 

5. Assistance given to the youth in the solving of their vo-
cational problem arouses gratitude and loyalty. If the 

68 



Church, through its youth program, really becomes a force 
in solving one of youth's most perplexing problems, the 
choice of an occupation, the loyalty and friendship toward 
the Church is immeasurably increased. 

6. The C. Y. O. program must be as broad as the needs of 
youth. No program can satisfy this principle and not rec-
ognize a need so basic as that of helping youth to plan 
and make adjustments for their life's work. 

The Scope of Vocational Guidance 
The Importance of a Correct Vocational Choice 

Sooner or later a young man must answer certain ques-
tions: For what type of work am I best fitted? What fields 
of work offer the best opportunities? Where should I train 
for the occupation of my choice? How and where should I 
seek employment? How may I make progress on the job? 
Through what occupation can I best serve my God and my 
fellow man? These are but a few of the serious questions 
which normally confront a youth before he is - twenty-five. 
Upon the answers to such questions hinge, to a large extent, 
the future pattern of a young man's life. For, when he 
chooses his occupation he goes a long way toward determin-
ing the answers to other questions: Will he work primarily 
with ideas, with persons, or with things? Will he work in 
the open air, in a factory, or in an office? Will he be able 
to maintain his health, physical and mental? Will he be able 
to work during the entire year, or just during certain seasons? 
Will he be an asset or a liability in his community? Will his 
home life be agreeable? Will he be a happy, upright citizen? 
One's occupational life is intimately tied up with all of these 
problems. Work is not everything in life. In fact, what one 
does during his leisure is equally as important as what he does 
during his working hours. But, unless a person has a career 
about which to integrate his leisure-time activities, they are 
usually empty, sterile, and quite meaningless. 

Evidences of Lack of Guidance 
Ideally a choice of a life's work should be made only after 

a careful study of one's abilities, interests, and opportunities. 
This choice should come only after the individual has studied 
a number of different occupations, and it should be based on a 
sound analysis of values. From the upper grades on, boys 

69 



and young men should be studying themselves and the occu-
pational world, and should be testing tentative occupational 
choices for relative values. Then the choice of an occupation 
becomes a process, as it should be, and not an net, as it too 
often is. 

One may observe, in everyday life, many violations of 
those steps and principles. Some boys and young men are not 
even thinking seriously about their future work. Some who 
have chosen their work have done so on questionable bases. 
Many are rushing to certain "popular" occupations, and are 
avoiding less spectacular but more promising fields of work. 
Some are victims of vocational "quacks" and unethical ad-
vertising. Many are seriously endangering their possibilities 
for service and happiness by inactivity or by misdirected ac-
tivity of one kind or another. Human resources, far more 
precious than natural resources, are being wasted, because 
youth are too young and inexperienced to make their choices 
and adjustments unaided. A positive program to help youth 
solve these problems is the answer. 

Specific Aims of Vocational Guidance 

Formerly vocational guidance activities centered about the 
act of helping a person find a job. Now a broader interpre-
tation is given to the work. The following specific objectives 
reveal this broader outlook on the process of vocational guid-
ance : 

1. To help the individual to develop a sound philosophy re-
garding vocational success and its place in individual and 
social welfare. 

2. To develop in the individual an appreciation of his re-
sponsibility for developing his natural gifts, and for utiliz-
ing them for social as well as for individual welfare. 

3. To develop in the individual a realistic optimism regard-
ing the occupational opportunities of the future. 

4. To counteract the influence of "quacks" who offer short 
cuts to the solution of guidance problems. 

5. To develop in the individual a habit and a sound method 
of analyzing occupations. 

6. To acquaint the individual with pertinent information re-
garding occupations and occupational trends. 

70 



7. To develop in the individual a habit and a sound method 
of analyzing his own abilities, interests, and opportunities. 

8. To assist the individual in ascertaining his greatest 
liabilities, interests, and opportunities. 

9. To assist the individual to secure information relative to 
the available training facilities for the occupation of his 
choice. 

10. To assist the individual to utilize effectively the employ-
ment agencies of his community. 

11. To assist the individual in adjusting himself to an occu-
pation, or in the re-choice of an occupation. 

12. To develop in the individual an interest in and a knowl-
edge of the literature of vocational guidance. 

13. To make more meaningful and effective the education of 
those individuals who are now in school. 

What Vocational Guidance Is Not 
A clear understanding of the scope of guidance is essen-

tial for those who engage actively in the work. Thus far the 
approach to the scope of vocational guidance has been posi-
tive, i. e., through showing what vocational guidance is. 
Another approach is through showing what vocational guidance 
is not. 
1. Vocational guidance is not dictation. Final choices must 

be made by the individual himself. The purpose of guid-
ance is to help individuals to help themselves. 

2. Vocational guidance is not a panacea which provides suit-
able work for every individual who wants it. Many occu-
pational problems of youth may be attributed to national 
weaknesses which are primarily economic, or social, or 
political, or educational. Vocational guidance directors 
must face conditions as they are. Reform is another 
problem. 

3. Vocational guidance is not an exact science. Human be-
havior can never be predicted with the same accuracy 
which characterizes prediction in the physical sciences. 
However, we can predict vocational success with con-
siderable accuracy. We can improve upon mere chance in 
determining whether or not a person can succeed in a cer-
tain occupation, or in a certain training program. 

71 



4. Vocational guidance is not new. There always have been 
individuals who realized that individuals differ, that oc-
cupational requirements differ, and that youth are too 
immature and inexperienced to plan their futures unaided. 
Undoubtedly there always have been sympathetic parents, 
priests, and teachers who interested themselves in adjust-
ing boys and young men to the occupational world. While 
organized programs of guidance are largely a matter of the 
present century, incidental guidance is centuries old. 

5. Vocational guidance is not completely separated from other 
types of guidance. Moral guidance, educational guidance, 
health guidance, and social-civic guidance are intiipately 
related to vocational guidance. 

6. Vocational guidance is not a substitute for Divine guidance. 
Many adults who are happily adjusted to their work at-
tribute their good fortune to the Grace of God. The 
C. Y. O. vocational guidance program is one means of 
encouraging youths to co-operate with Divine Grace. 

Some Principles of Guidance 

Any one who participates actively in guidance work is con-
stantly thrown back to fundamental concepts and principles. 
The following are statements on some fundamental outlooks 
in the field: 

1. Vocational guidance is not an act; it is a process. It 
should be started early in the. life of the individual, and 
should be continued until he is vocationally adjusted. 
There are, however, certain strategic points at which vo-
cational guidance should be stressed. Some of these are: 
a. At the end of the compulsory school age. 
b. On entrance to high school. 
c. On entrance to college, or some other educational in-

stitution. 

d. On graduation from high school. 
e. On graduation from college or some other educational 

institution. 

f. When transferring from one school to another. 
g. When considering withdrawing from school. 
h. When failing in school or at an occupation. 

72 



2. There are permanent and transitory aspects of vocational 
guidance. A discussion of what constitutes success is an 
example of the former; a discussion of what occupations 
are now overcrowded is an example of the latter. A 
good guidance program should maintain a balance be-
tween these two aspects. Over-emphasizing the perma-
nent aspects will result in an impractical program; over-
emphasizing the transitory may result in many individuals 
not having vision regarding the place of work in their 
lives. 

3. Oftentimes the first choice made by an individual is un-
satisfactory. A guidance program is concerned with re-
choices as well as with initial choices. 

4. Some individuals think that it is a reflection on them-
selves if they do not have definite vocational plans. The 
important thing is not whether or not a person has made 
a choice, but whether or not he is thinking about his 
vocational future and trying to reach a decision. 

5. Individuals should have impressed upon them the fact 
that an indispensable requisite for vocational success is 
character. An employer may be willing to overlook weak-
nesses in training; few indeed will tolerate weaknesses in 
character. 

6. Too much emphasis should not be placed on chance occu-
pational interests which a young person may have. Often 
what is thought to be an interest turns out to be but a 
passing fancy, brought on by some accidental experience 
of the individual. There are real interests which should 
be considered. But care must be taken to ascertain 
whether or not apparent interests are real, and whether 
or not the individual in question cannot develop other in-
terests if there is a conflict between his abilities, his in-
terests, and his opportunities. 

7. There is no short-cut to the study of an individual. 
Graphology, phrenology, physiognomy, and the like have 
little or nothing to contribute to the making of a wise 
vocational choice. Most workers engaged in those pseudo-
sciences are interested primarily in the financial reward 
which they reap as the result of preying on credulous 
youth. There are tests which help in analyzing an indi-

73 



vidual's strengths and weaknesses. But even they must 
be interpreted by one who is familiar with such measures. 

We must not be deceived by the popular notion that every 
individual has one occupation in which he can succeed. 
Probably most of us could succeed at a large number of 
occupations. This does not mean that there are not certain 
classes of occupations for which the qualifications re-
quired are similar, or that some individuals cannot do 
better in some types of occupations than they can in 
others. 
It is easier to predict negatively than positively. That is, 
it is easier to tell what an individual cannot dp than what 
he can do. There is much room for service in the nega-
tive aspects of guidance alone. 
A fundamental attitude that should be developed is that 
all honest, serviceable labor is honorable. 
There is a tendency for individuals to think of their vo-
cational choices only in terms of their own welfare. They 
should be made conscious of their social responsibilities 
as well. 

Since times change so rapidly, occupational opportunities 
and requirements are far from stable. Many individuals 
are called upon in later life to make adjustments to 
changed conditions. Youth should expect this, and 
should prepare themselves for such conditions. The best 
training for this adaptability is a broad, liberal background 
of training. 
An individual should not cease his studying of occupa-
tional opportunities because he thinks he has made his 
final choice. Often a rechoice is necessary, and the in-
formed person will always meet such an emergency better 
than one who has lost interest in his occupational sur-
roundings. 
Some one has said that during one's working hours he 
makes a living, and during one's leisure hours he makes 
a life. This is undoubtedly an exaggeration, particularly 
for those who like their work. However, a vocational 
guidance program should not be a force toward accent-
uating the typical utilitarianism now too characteristic of 
American thought. 

74 



Guidance Activities 

To formulate sound aims for a vocational guidance pro-
gram is difficult but very important. To plan and execute 
activities which will lead to the attainment of those aims is 
even more challenging and interesting. A complete program 
cannot be formulated in advance, but the following activities 
can be successfully used in achieving the goals of vocational 
guidance. They constitute the present C. Y. O. vocational 
guidance program. 

Individual counselling 

Representatives of occupations are willing to make them-
selves available for individual conferences with those who 
wish to come for information and advice. This intimacy of 
relationship between boy and adult has possibilities for good 
in character development as well as in vocational guidance. 
Every parish has representatives of various occupations who 
can give counsel on their type of work. Directors should com-
pile a list of these men, indicating the following information: 
occupation, name, address, telephone number, and most con-
venient hours for appointment. In occupations where no local 
representative is available, this service can be secured through 
the Archdiocesan Office. 

Religious services 

An important objective of the C. Y. O. guidance program 
is to train youth to pray for assistance in making their voca-
tional choices. Arranging special religious services are an 
effective way of doing this. Some parishes set aside special 
weeks for this purpose. 

Tryout and exploratory experiences 

Many adult members of a parish are willing to allow boys 
to observe them in their work for a few hours each week. 
In some instances the youth can actually participate in some 
of the simpler aspects of the work being done, and can earn 
a small compensation. The personal nature of this activity is 
invaluable, particularly when the adult is really interested in 
youth. Essential to the success of this method is a leader who 
schedules hours, informs boys and adults on the purpose of 
the work, keeps records, and takes care of other details. 

75 



Talks by members 

Self-activity is essential in any youth program. One means 
of encouraging this self-activity in vocational guidance is 
through having an individual or a committee study an occu-
pation and report the findings at the C. Y. O. meeting. Read-
ing of occupational literature, interviewing workers, and 
visiting places of work are used as means of gathering infor-
mation. The actual report on an occupation should follow the 
outline found on page 82. Other topics, such as those found 
on page 80 may be reported on in like manner. 

Talks by adults 

There are, in most parishes, men who can make a contri-
bution to guidance by discussing their particular work before 
a group. Employers, educators, and representatives of dif-
ferent occupations are suggested. This type of activity is 
easily administered. Leaders must guard against reports that 
are given without some study, or which do not follow an 
orderly method of presentation. When properly given, such 
talks are invariably successful. When carelessly prepared 
and administered, they are seldom worthwhile. The Arch-
diocesan Office co-operates with any individual who wishes 
to develop a talk on a guidance topic. Parish directors of 
guidance should make this service known to men whom they 
ask to speak, and they should hand prospective speakers copies 
of "Suggestions for Speakers" which may be obtained in quan-
tity from the Archdiocesan Office. Special speakers can also 
be obtained through the Archdiocesan Office. 

Reading guidance 

If adequate reading materials on guidance are easily avail-
able, boys can learn much through reading. It is well worth-
while to provide a guidance shelf in a school library, or in 
some other central place, where these materials may be found 
without the usual searching. The use of public library fa-
cilities should be encouraged. 

Study Clubs 

Few topics are more suitable for study clubs than is voca-
tional guidance. General topics can be discussed or particular 
occupations can be studied. Study outlines and lists of refer-
ence material can be obtained from the Archdiocesan Office. 

76 



Adequate reference material is an essential to this type of ac-
tivity. The study club procedure as given on page 33 should 
be followed. 

Guidance tours 

Trips to industries, educational institutions, work projects, 
and the like are effective for acquainting individuals in a 
general way with a large number of occupations. These trips 
arouse interest which leads to further study. Certain pre-
cautions should be observed by those using this type of activity: 

1. Groups should always be accompanied by some responsible 
adult. 

2. There should be a discussion on what to observe previous 
to the actual trip. 

3. During the tours, boys should be encouraged to ask sensible 
questions of the guide, and to note significant facts. 

4. There should be a discussion of observations after the visit. 
5. Care must be taken to maintain the good will of institutions 

and plants visited. Tours should be scheduled in advance, 
and the time elements rigidly followed. Boys should be 
cautioned against doing anything which might jeopardize 
future visits by others. 

Moving pictures, slides 

Films and slides related to guidance are available free, or 
for rental at a nominal fee. This method makes it possible 
to acquaint individuals with a broad sampling of occupations 
with a minimum of effort. Parishes with the necessary equip-
ment are given assistance in selecting films and slides by the 
Archdiocesan Office. 

Newspaper articles 
A number of newspapers are now giving space to voca-

tional guidance, either weekly or daily. Much information 
related to guidance can be collected and filed by one who is 
"guidance-minded." The C. Y. O. members should be en-
couraged to read this material and even to clip the same. 
These articles can be discussed at meetings. 

Individual testing and counselling ' 
Individual testing and counselling are very valuable, but 

difficult to carry on unless there is available a staff of trained 

77 



guidance workers. The Archdiocesan Office gives this service 
only to those boys and young men who are recommended by 
their parish Directors. A service can be rendered in parishes 
and Divisions by calling attention to any services of this nature 
which may be available in the community. 

Contests 

There is always a place in a youth program for an activity 
which challenges the competitive nature of youth. Essay con-
tests, scrapbook contests, and booklet contests are possibilities 
in guidance work. These contests make it possible to corre-
late youth work with what is being done in the schools. They 
are a means of centering attention on problems which might 
otherwise go unheeded. The Archdiocesan Office conducts an 
annual Career Booklet Contest. Regulations governing this 
contest are given on page 112. 

Correspondence service 

Boys can get much information through corresponding 
with leaders in industry, in education, in guidance, and in 
specific occupations. Authorities are surprisingly co-operative 
in rendering this type of service to deserving boys. 

Career conferences 

A typical career conference consists of a general meeting 
and a number of sectional meetings. At the general meeting 
there are one or two talks on topics of general nature, such as 
"The Importance of a Correct Vocational Choice." The sec-
tional meetings have to do with specific occupations or guid-
ance problems. The magnitude of such events, the attraction 
of outstanding speakers, and the usual publicity all serve ad-
mirably to attract large audiences. The amount of informa-
tion and inspiration possible from a career conference is in-
calculable, particularly if speakers are carefully selected and 
guided in the preparation of their talks. An auditorium and 
several classrooms are' needed in carrying out this type of 
activity. 

Radio broadcasts 

Guidance through radio broadcasting has been widely used. 
Sometimes talks are on occupations, sometimes on related 
problems, such as "How to apply for a job." This approach 
has the advantages of convenience,. speakers with authority, 

78 



and large audiences. Every year there are national programs 
on vocational guidance, which may be unknown to boys unless 
called to their attention. These broadcasts can be discussed 
by the members in a study club or at the meetings. 

Placement service 

Ultimately a guidance program should directly assist indi-
viduals in finding work. This type of service necessitates a 
staff of trained personnel workers. The C. Y. O. program 
cannot sponsor this complete service at the present time. It 
does assist members to use effectively the employment facilities 
now available. This service is conducted through the Arch-
diocesan Office. 

Archdiocesan Activities 

The program of activities sponsored by the Archdiocesan 
Office includes the following: 

A series of radio broadcasts over station WTMJ. 
An Institute on Vocation Guidance. < 
A Career Conference at Messmer High School on April 

25, 1938. 
A Career Booklet Contest. 
A section on vocational guidance in the Holy Name sec-

tion of the Catholic Herald-Citizen. 
A testing and counselling service for a limited number of 

members specially recommended by Spiritual and Vo-
cational Directors. Appointments may be made by 
calling the Archdiocesan Office. 

A correspondence service for leaders and others wishing 
assistance. Communications should be addressed to 
the Archdiocesan Office. 

A loan service for those wishing to borrow pamphlets on 
occupational information for a limited time only. 

Miscellaneous services through special bulletins. 

Divisional Activities 
What activities are sponsored by Divisions will depend 

largely upon the needs and the leadership in each Division. 
Any one Division should not attempt more than three or four 
activities. The following activities, discussed fully in an 
earlier part of this section, offer possibilities: 

A general Career Conference. 

79 



A Career Conference on a limited number of occupations. 
Contests, essay, booklet, scrapbook, etc. 
Forum discussions. 
Talks by adults. 
Religious services. 

Parish Activities 

As in the Divisions, the nature of guidance activities in 
particular parishes will depend upon needs and leadership. 
The minimum time allotment for guidance activities in each 
parish should be (a) the major part of at least two meetings, 
and (b) a minor part of at least three meetings. It is assumed 
that a great many boys from each parish will participate in 
Divisional and Archdiocesan activities such as radio broad-
casts and Career Conferences. The following activities, de-
scribed fully in an earlier section, are listed to assist parish 
leaders to select a few definite activities to sponsor during 
the year. 

Talks by members Tryout and exploratory experiences 
Talks by adults Vocational guidance through scouting 
Individual counselling Study clubs 
Forums Guidance trips 
Religious services Moving pictures, slides 
Reading guidance Newspaper articles 

List of Topics for guidance programs 

What is Success? 
Present Employment Opportunities 
How to Apply for a Position 
How to Interview an Employer 
How to Study Your Own Qualifications 
How to Study an Occupation 
The Cultural Benefits of Studying Occupations 
Are There Opportunities for Youths? 
Where to Find Information about Schools and Colleges 
Crowded Occupations 
Pseudo-Guidance: Phrenology, Graphology, Physiognomy, 

etc. 
The Value of a Broad General Education 
Why Plan One's Future? 
The Cost of an Education 

80 



The Plight of Youth 
Suggestions for Choosing a Career 
The Money Value of an Education 
Self-help for College Students 
Scholarships 
Legal Restrictions on Employment of Youth 
Opportunities in . . . (any occupation; aviation, law, etc.) 
Sources of Occupational Information 
Occupational Information in Books of Fiction 
What to Look for When Visiting an Industry 
Are Tests Helpful in Choosing an Occupation? 
Guidance in the Press (newspapers, magazines, etc.) 
Why Men Succeed 
Is it Necessary to Have an Occupational Choice in High 

Schools ? 
Make Yourself a Job 
Are all Occupations a Service? 
Present Economic Trends and the Future Occupational 

World 
Are There Too Many Workers? 
Apprenticeship in Wisconsin 
Are Correspondence Courses of Value? 

Suggestions for Speakers on Vocational Guidance 

Talks to groups of young people by men in different types 
of work are widely used in vocational guidance work. Some-
times these talks are very successful, sometimes not so suc-
cessful. The success of a particular speaker depends largely 
upon his approach. Therefore, the following suggestions are 
offered to those who plan to help the C. Y. O. through giving 
talks on guidance topics. 

1. The speaker should acquaint himself with the vocational 
guidance program by reading the material on vocational 
guidance found in this manual. 

2. The more a speaker knows about his topic, the more good 
he can do the boys to whom he talks. The Archdiocesan 
Office co-operates with speakers in finding literature on 
the occupations on which they intend to speak. 

3. It helps greatly if speakers inform boys on where to find 
out more about the occupation discussed. 

81 



4. It is well to allow at least one-fourth of the total time for 
questions. 

5. It is well to distribute one's time over the entire outline, 
in order that no important point will be neglected. Speakers 
should guard against the common habit of spending too 
much time on personal experiences which are not related 
to their topics. 

6. Boys and young men are sometimes more difficult to talk 
to-than are adults. If one holds their attention, it is to 
his credit. If one does not, perhaps the approach should 
be changed. 

Suggested Outline for Speakers 

1. What types of work are done by workers in this field? 
2. What are possible advantages and disadvantages with re-

gard to each of the following? 
a. Financial returns 
b. Regularity of employment 
c. Working conditions 

Hours of work 
Place of work 
Near home or away from home 
Associates 
Effect on health 
Nature of work 

d. Opportunities for growth 

e. Other advantages or disadvantages 

3. What are the requirements of this occupation? 
a. Personality and character traits, health, etc. 
b. General education 
c. Special education (how obtained) 
d. Experience 
e. Other requirements 

4. How does this occupation help one to be of service to 
society ? 

5. What is the demand for workers in this occupation ? 
a. Opportunities in the past 
b. Present opportunities 
c. Probable future opportunities 

82 



General Works on Guidance 
Selected Bibliography 

1. Achilles, Psychology at Work, McGraw-Hill. 
2. Allen, Principles and Practices of Vocational Guidance, 

McGraw-Hill. 
3. Brewer, The Vocational Guidance Movement: Its Prob-

lems and Possibilities, Macmillan. 
4. Brewer, Case Studies in Educational and Vocational 

Guidance, Ginn. 
5. Cohen, Principles and Practices of Vocational Guidance, 

Century. 
6. Davis, Vocational and Moral Guidance, Ginn. 
7. Earle, Psychology and the Choice of a Career, London: 

Methuen and Co. 
8. Edgerton, Vocational Guidance and Counseling, Mac-

millan. 
9. Hatcher, Guiding Rural Boys and Girls, McGraw-Hill. 

10. Hennrich, Boy Guidance, Benziger Brothers. 
11. Husband, Applied Psychology, Harpers. 
12. Jones, Principles of Guidance, McGraw-Hill. 
13. Kitson, The Psychology of Vocational Adjustment, Lip-

pincott. 
14. Koos and Kefauver, Guidance in Secondary Schools, 

Macmillan. 
15. Mardin, Round Pegs in Square Holes, Crowell. 
16. Myers, The Problem of Vocational Guidance, Macmillan. 
17. Neuberg, Principles and Methods of Vocational Choice, 

Prentice-Hall. 
18. Proctor, Educational and Vocational Guidance, Houghton 

Mifflin Co. 
19. Occupations: The Vocational Guidance Magazine. Pub-

lished by the National Occupational Conference, 522 
Fifth Avenue, New York. 

20. White House Conference: Sub-committee on Vocational 
Guidance: Vocational Guidance, The Century Co. 

21. Vocational Guidance for Those Out of School (Bulletin 
1936, No. 18, IV) . This pamphlet may be ebtained by 
sending ten cents in coin to the Superintendent of Docu-
ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 

Occupational Books 
1. Bennett and Older, Occupational Orientation, University 

of Southern California. 

83 



2. Occupational Index (New York, National Occupational 
Conference). 

3. Barrett, What About Jobs? George L. Hasseltine. 
4. Bennett, Occupations and Vocational Guidance: A Source 

List of Pamphlet Material, H. W. Wilson. 
5. Brewer, Occupations, Ginn and Company. 
6. Cooley, Rodgers, and Belman, My Life Work, McGraw-

Hill. 

7. Crawford and Clement, The Choice of an Occupation, 
Yale University Press. 

8. Greenleaf, Guidance Leaflets, Washington, D. C., Superin-
tendent of Documents, 1931. 5 cents each. U. S. Depart-
ment of the Interior, Office of Education publications. 

Each leaflet describes the nature of the occupation, 
opportunities, compensation, state examination require-
ments, educational requisites, where professional training 
is offered. Leaflets on the following professional occu-
pations have been published: Art, architecture, chemistry 
and chemical engineering, civil engineering, dentistry, 
electrical engineering, forestry, home economics, jour-
nalism, law, librarianship, mechanical engineering, medi-
cine, music, nursing, optometry, osteopathy, pharmacy, 
veterinary medicine. 

9. National Occupation Conference. Appraisals and Ab-
stracts of the Available Literature of Various Occupa-
tions, New York, National Occupational Conference. 

10. Commonwealth Educational Research Bureau. The Com-
monwealth Vocational-Guidance Monographs, Common-
wealth Book Company, Chicago, 111. 

11. Gardiner, How You Can Get a Job, Harper Bros., New 
York. 

12. Institute for Research. Careers, Institute for Research, 
Chicago. 

13. Parker, Books About Jobs: a Bibliography of Occupa-
tional Literature, American Library Association, Chicago. 

14. Proffitt, Private Proprietary and Endowed Schools Giving 
Trade and Industrial Courses, United States Government 
Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 

15. Rosengarten, Choosing Your Life Work, McGraw-Hill, 
New York. 

84* 



T H E ATHLETIC ACTIVITIES 

The C. Y. O. recognizes that athletics form an integral 
part of a comprehensive youth program. They contribute very 
directly to the physical welfare of youth and offer opportuni-
ties for mental, moral, and social development. Team games, 
rather than individualistic or purely competitive athletics into 
which no team work enters are emphasized, although the latter 
are also included in the program. Athletics are not over-
emphasized or made the be all and end all of the program. 
Athletics, when properly supervised, provide opportunities for : 

1. Vigorous exercise of the primary muscles which is re-
quired for the proper physical development of the ado-
lescent ; 

2. Development of respect for authority; 
3. Promotion of a spirit of sportmanship and altruism, loyalty, 

courage, mental resourcefulness, coolness of temper, self-
control, determination, co-operation, and fair play; 

4. Promotion of clean language and correct bodily habits; 
5. Wholesome entertainment and a congenial topic for con-

versation for contestants and spectators alike. 

The present athletic program includes football, basketball, 
free throwing, swimming, wrestling, baseball, softball, tennis, 
track, bowling, table tennis, and horseshoe pitching. The intra-
mural or parish,' rather than the inter-parish or league, aspect 
of the various activities is emphasized. The rather universal 
knowledge of athletics, manifested by the wide participation, 
makes it unnecessary to give detailed information on the indi-
vidual activities. Some important facts are re-asserted and 
literature listed which will help the coaches to gain a more 
thorough knowledge of the various activities. 

LiteriUnre 

Hammett, Major Sport Fundamentals, Chas. Scribner's 
Sons. 

Griffith, The Psychology of Coaching, Chas. Scribner's 
Sons. 

Griffith, Psychology and Athletics, Chas. Scribner's Sons. 
Berry, The Philosophy of Athletics, A. S. Barnes & Co., 

New York. 

85 



Bickley, Handbook of Athletics, A. S. Barnes & Co New 
York. 

Murphy, Athletic Training, Chas. Scribner's Sons. 

Football 

Football is an activity of the Junior C. Y. O. It is a 
strenuous game and demands careful training and able coach-
ing. The coach must thoroughly understand football and 
preferably have played it himself under a competent high 
school or college coach. A physical examination of all players 
is necessary. Local physicians are willing to render this serv-
ice gratis. 

Equipment 

Football is an expensive sport. The dangers of physical 
injury are so great that no team should be allowed to take 
the field unless properly and fully equipped. 

Practice facilities 

Football fields in the various city and county parks are 
available and can be secured by applying to the City or County 
Recreation Departments. 

Competition 

Inter-parish leagues are conducted in this sport. The rules 
governing league competition are given on page 113. 

Literature 

Rockne, Coaching| Devin Adair Company, New York. 
Lowman, Practical Football and How to Teach It, A. S. 

Barnes Company, New York. 
V Zuppke, Coaching Football, Bailey and Himes, Champaign, 

Warner, Football for Coaches and Players, Stanford Uni-
versity Press, California. 

Bachman, Manual of Football, Kansas State College, Man-
hattan, Kas. 

Crisler, Practical Football, Whittlesey House, New York. 

Basketball 

Basketball is an activity for the Senior and Junior C. Y. O. 
It is perhaps the most popular sport at the present time in the 
Archdiocese of Milwaukee. It is a strenuous game although 

86 



it does not involve as much bodily contact as football. It is 
more exacting, however, upon the heart, and consequently, a 
physical examination of all players is necessary. For this 
reason, also, no youth should be allowed to play on more than 
one team, otherwise, there is possibility that he might be 
obliged to play two games in one day. 

Coaching and Training 

Basketball is a team sport and it demands competent coach-
ing and conscientious training. Frequent practice is necessary. 
The coach must thoroughly understand the game and prefer-
ably have played it himself. 

Practice facilities 

Parishes without a gymnasium can rent one at a small 
cost from some neighboring parish, or secure the use of public 
facilities upon proper application. Arrangements for private 
facilities can be made through the Archdiocesan Office. 

Competition 

Inter-parish leagues are conducted in this sport. The rules 
governing league competition are given on page 115. 

Literature 

Meanwell, Science of Basketball, Democratic Printing 
Company, Madison, Wis. 

Veenker, Basketball for Coaches and Players, A. S. Barnes 
Company, New York. 

Allen, My Basketball Bible, Smith-Grieves Co., Kansas 
City, Mo. 

Ruby, Coaching Basketball, Bailey & Himes, Champaign, 
1 1 1 . 

Lambert, Practical Basketball, Athletic Journal Publishing 
Co., Chicago, 111. 

Free Throwing 

Free throwing is an activity of the Senior and Junior 
C. Y. O. It is a phase of basketball and it permits those 
youths whose physical condition or whose skill will not permit 
them to engage in a regular league game to participate in at 
least one phase of the game and to match their skill with 
others. It is purely an individualistic sport. 

87 



Competition 

Divisional and Archdiocesan tournaments are conducted 
in this sport. Rules governing this competition are given on 
page 116. 

Swimming 

Swimming is an activity of the Senior and Junior C. Y. O. 
It is primarily an individualistic activity. Its principal draw-
back lies in the lack of adequate facilities. The public natatoria 
can be used for practice. Arrangements can also be made 
through the Archdiocesan Office for the use of private facili-
ties. 

Competition 

Annual Archdiocesan and Divisional swim meets are con-
ducted. The rules governing the meets are given on page 117. 

Literature 

Corsan, Sr., The Diving and Swimming Book, A. S. Barnes 
Company, New York. 

Cureton, How to Teach Swimming amd Diving, Associa-
tion Press, New York. 

Daviess, Swimming: Its Teaching, Managing and Program 
Organization, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia. 

Goss, Swimming Analyzed, A. S. Barnes Company, New 
York. 

Wrestling 

Wrestling is an activity for the Senior and Junior C. Y. O. 
members who are under twenty-two years of age. While it is 
a strenuous activity, it is considered a body building sport. 
It is a truism that while the boxer loses weight, the wrestler 
gains weight. Only amateur wrestling is tolerated in the 
C. Y. O. program. This is distinctly different from profes-
sional or hippodrome wrestling. 

Coaching and Training 

Coaching and training are important phases of this activity. 
The coach must understand thoroughly the rules of amateur 
wrestling. A physical examination of all wrestlers is necessary. 

Facilities 
Some parishes have their own mats. The various high 

schools offer training opportunities to their own boys during 

88 



their gym or after class periods. The Archdiocesan Office 
maintains training facilities with a competent instructor. 

Competition 

An annual Archdiocesan wrestling tournament is conducted. 
The rules governing the tournament are given on page 119. 

Literature 

Otopalik, Modern Wrestling for the High School and the 
College, Chas. Scribner's Sons. 

Toombs, How to Wrestle, American Sports Publishing 
Company, New York. 

Meyers, Wrestling, The Author, St. Louis. 
Prehn, Scientific Methods of Wrestling, Bailey & Himes, 

Champaign, 111. 

Softball and Baseball 

Softball and Baseball are activities of the Senior and Junior 
C. Y. O. The details of these activities are well known. The 
use of city and county park diamonds can be secured upon 
proper application. 

Competition 

Inter-parish leagues are conducted in this sport. The rules 
governing league competition are given on page 122. 

Literature 

Wardlaw, Fundamentals of Baseball, Chas. Scribner's 
Sons. 

Charnley, Secrets of Baseball, O. Appleton Company, 
New York. 

Ruth, Babe Ruth's Own Book of Baseball, G. P. Putnam 
Sons. 

Berry, Baseball Notes for Coaches and Players, A. S. 
Barnes Company, New York. 

Harris, Baseball, How to Play It, Fred. A. Stockes Com-
pany, New York. 

Ruth, How to Play Basebatl, Cosmopolitan Book Corpora-
tion, New York. 

Track 

Track is an activity for the Senior and Junior C. Y. O. 
It is a highly competitive and at the same time an individualistic 

89 



sport. It demands constant practice. The only available prac-
tice facilities are attached to high schools or colleges. .Where 
the parish campus permits, some elementary facilities can be 
arranged at the parishes. 
Competition 

An Archdiocesan Track Meet is conducted. The rules 
governing this meet are given on page 124. 
Literature 

Wegener, Track and Field Athletics, A. S. Barnes Com-
pany, New York. 

Jones, Track and Field, Chas. Scribner's Sons. 
Olds, Track Athletics, A. S. Barnes Company, New York. 
Robertson, Modern Athletics, Chas. Scribner's Sons. 

Tennis 
Tennis is an activity for the Senior and Junior 'C. Y. O. 

Tennis court facilities are quite generally available in public 
parks and playgrounds. 
Competition 

Divisional and Archdiocesan tournaments are conducted 
in this sport. The rules governing these tournaments are 
given on page 125. 
Literature 

Tilden, The Art of Lawn Tennis, George Doran Company, 
New York. 

Wills, Tennis, Chas. Scribner's Sons. 
Paret, Mechanics of the Game of Lawn Tennis, American 

Lawn Tennis, Inc.,- New York. 
Beasley, How to Play Tennis, Doubleday, Garden City, 

New York. 
Danzig, The Racquet Game, Macmillan Company, New 

York. 
Minor Sports 

In addition to the more highly organized games which 
quite generally are restricted to the proficient few, the C. Y. O. 
maintains a minor sport program. These minor sports might 
be termed recreational or social activities. They are Bowling 
for the Senior members of the C. Y. O., and Table Tennis 
and Horseshoe Pitching for the Junior members of the C. Y. O. 
These activities permit wide participation. 
Competition 

Divisional and Archdiocesan contests are conducted in 
these sports. The rules governing these contests are given on 
pages 114, 121, and 126. 

90 



T H E RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIE S 

There are a great number of youth who are not in-
terested in or who lack the ability to participate in the 
athletic and cultural activities, but who are looking for some 
recreation within the program. They are inclined toward what 
might be termed a more passive recreation rather than a highly 
active program. Many youths, too, prefer a variation from 
the very strenuous activities. It is to accommodate and attract 
all youth that a program of pure recreational activities is incor-
porated into the program. The recreational program is for the 
masses. The present recreational activities of the C. Y. O. 
include checkers, chess, and low organized games. 

Checkers 

Checkers holds a prominent place in the recreational 
field. I t appeals to those youths interested in an activity 
that is passive in physical action but active in thought—-
an activity that calls for individual effort and prowess. It 
adapts itself to an after meeting entertainment and stimu-
lates a clubroom atmosphere. A few checker boards dis-
tributed as a recreational and entertainment feature will 
attract players. The interest developed here spreads to the 
home and results in the carrying on of the activity within 
the shadow of the family hearth. To stimulate, this interest 
the C. Y. O. places checkers in the competitive field. 

Competition 

Divisional and Archdiocesan contests are conducted in 
this activity. The rules governing these contests are given 
on page 127. 

Chess 

A game equally as popular as checkers but demanding 
more concentrated mental effort is chess. Strategy plays 
an important role in life. It is a wonderful asset to a young 
man. Chess develops and demands a unique type of strategy. 
While it is a recreational activity, it improves the powers of 
concentration. Like checkers, it lends itself to after meet-
ing and clubroom entertainment. I t attracts young and 
old alike and finds its way into the realm of home recrea-
tion. The field for chess is enlarged in the C. Y. O. by 
inter-parochial and Archdiocesan competition. 

91 



Competition 

Divisional and Archdiocesan contests are conducted in 
this activity. The rules governing these contests are given 
on page 128. 

Low Organized Games 

The Low Organized Game program has universal ap-
peal. I t is for all; Senior and Junior; skilled and unskilled. 
It includes games, contests, relays, races, and meets which 
involve individual effort only. There are no stars. The 
more that enter inj:o the spirit of the game the greater is 
the enjoyment and the more successful the activity. No 
team play is needed. No practice sessions are required. 
No expensive equipment is used. A willing and competent 
game leader is the only requirement for the successful con-
duct of this activity. This is an activity for after meeting 
entertainment in the parish hall or meeting room. I t is also 
adaptable to public demonstrations and inter-parochial con-
tests. 

Materials 

A complete packet of Low Organized Games can be se-
cured through the Archdiocesan Office. This packet contains 
all rules and regulations governing the conduct of the games. 

Assistance from Archdiocesan Office 

The Archdiocesan Office sends to the parishes trained 
leaders to inaugurate this activity. This leader conducts- a 
full session of games and instructs parish leaders in the routine. 

Equipment 

The equipment needed for the various games can be made 
at home. The Archdiocesan Office is equipped to sell this 
equipment at cost. 

Hints to Leaders 

1. Secure a copy of the Low Organized Game packet from 
the Archdiocesan Office. 

2. Study the games carefully and have the information at 
your immediate disposal. 

3. Plan your program ahead of time, 
4. Allow only sixty seconds to teach any game or relay, then 

begin to play. 

92 



5. Never allow the interest in the game to lag. If it does, 
start a new game. 

6. It is important to keep all the boys playing some game or 
other. 

7. Gain the respect of the boys by model leadership, yet be a 
play leader among them, not above them. 

Competition 

Divisional and Archdiocesan mass meets are conducted in 
this activity. The rules governing these mass meets are given 
on page 128. 

93 





CHAPTER FOUR 

REGULATIONS GOVERNING COMPETITIVE 
ACTIVITIES 

AGE CLASSIFICATIONS 

CLASS AGE 

Senior For entrants who 
Class have not reached 

their 26th birthday 
on 

•Minor For entrants who 
Class have not reached 

their 22nd birthday 
on 

Junior For entrants who 
Class have not reached 

their 19th birthday 
on 

Cadet For entrants who 
Class have not reached 

their 16th birthday 
on 

D A T E 
Fall and Spring and 
Winter Summer 

Activities Activities 

Sept. 1, 1937 Mar. 1, 1938 

Sept. 1, 1937 

Sept. 1, 1937 Mar. 1, 1938 

Sept. 1, 1937 Mar. 1, 1938 
•Minor Class applies to Wrestling only. 

Fall and Winter Activities 
Cultural: 

Oratory, Interpretation, Debate, One-Act Play. 
Hobby: 

Hobby Exhibit. 
Athletic: 

Football, Basketball, Free-throwing, Indoor Swimming, 
Bowling, Wrestling, Table Tennis. 

Recreational: 
Checkers, Chess. 

Spring and Summer Activities 
Cultural: 

Essay, Short Story, Spelling, Arithmetic. 
Hobby: 

Model Airplane Flying. 
Vocational Guidance: 

Career Booklet Contest. 
Athletic: 

Baseball, Softball, Track, Tennis, Horseshoe Pitching. 
Recreational: 

Mass Meet. 

95 



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GENERAL ELIGIBILITY RULES 

These General Eligibility Rules Govern All Competitive Activities 
Membership in Holy Name Society 

Each entrant must be a member in good standing of the 
Holy Name" Society (Senior or Junior) of his own parish. 

Entry Cards 

1. Individual entry cards are required of every entrant in 
every Divisional and Archdiocesan competitive activity. 

2. Each entry card must bear the entrant's own signature. 

3. The entry card must be signed by the Spiritual Director 
of the Holy Name Society of the entrant's own parish to 
the effect that the entrant is a member in good standing 
of the Holy Name Society. 

4. Each entry card, properly filled out and signed as required 
above, must be filed at the Archdiocesan Office, 225 East 
Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on or before the 
closing date for entries for each particular activity. 

5. No entry cards will be accepted at any time following the 
closing date for entries. 

Age Verification 
Each entrant, in order that he may be eligible to partici-

pate in any Divisional or Archdiocesan competitive activity at 
any time during the entire season must have on file at the 
Archdiocesan Office, on or before the closing date for entries, 
an acceptable verification of his age. 

Valid Age Verifications 

1. A birth record, baptismal record, health department rec-
ord, or register of deeds record is acceptable. 

2. In unusual cases, where none of the above types of records 
is available (which only happens rarely), a sworn state-
ment by one parent or legal guardian before a notary 
public or parish priest will be acceptable, provided, the 
document bears the legal or church seal and gives the place 
of birth and the names of the parents. 

Forfeiture 

A parish will forfeit all contests in which an ineligible con-
testant has participated (or signed the sign-up card in athletic 

99 



contests). In team contests no competitor is eligible unless his 
name appears on the team eligibility list for that activity. 

Suspension 

All ineligible contestants and all managers, coaches and 
directors who allow ineligible contestants to compete will be 
subject to suspension from C. Y. O. activities. 

All individuals guilty of unsportsmanlike or ungentlemanly 
conduct on or off the scene of any contest will be subject to 
like suspension. 

Participation 

A contestant may enter only one class of competition and 
with only one team in any competitive activity. A contestant 
may not be shifted from one class to another or from one 
team to another after the closing date for entries in any 
competitive activity. Entrants in the track or swimming meets 
may enter events in their own age class and in a higher class 
as well, but may not enter the same event in two classes. 

100 



SPECIFIC RULES GOVERNING INDIVIDUAL 
ACTIVITIES 

Cultural Activities 

Oratory 

Junior Contest—Under 19 years of age on September 1, 1937. 
Senior Contest—Under 26 years of age on September 1, 1937. 
Entries Close—December 21, 1937, at Archdiocesan Office. 
Divisional Contests must be conducted no later than January 9, 
1938. 
Archdiocesan Contest—January 16, 1938. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply. 

Subject 

The subject must be of current Catholic interest, like 
Capital and Labor, The Church in Spain, Mexico, Germany, 
Communism, State Aid for Parochial Schools, The Catholic 
Press, and the like. 

Composition 

The oration must be an original composition. 

Length 

Each entrant is limited to ten minutes speaking time. 

Basis of Judging 

Orations are judged on content, that is, the subject mat-
ter and its development | and on delivery, that is, on the poise, 
posture, voice, and the general effectiveness of the speaker. 
Staging the Contest 

1. Parish Representatives 
The parish cultural director is responsible for selecting the 
parish representatives. This selection must be made on 
or before December 21. Each parish is entitled to two 
representatives in the Junior contest, and two representa-
tives in the Senior contest. Entry cards for these repre-
sentatives must be sent to the Archdiocesan Office no later 
than December 21 (postmarked). It is recommended that 
the parish representatives be selected by means of a con-
test. This conest should be conducted before an audience. 
The breakfast meeting of the Senior Holy Name Society, 
a C. Y. O. meeting, or some parish gathering are suggested. 

101 



2. Divisional Representatives 

The Divisional Cultural Director is responsible for con-
ducting the Divisional contest and for sending the names 
of the Divisional representatives to the Archdiocesan Of-
fice. This contest must be held no later than January 9. 
The names of these representatives must be sent to the 
Archdiocesan Office no later than January 10. Each Di-
vision is entitled to be represented by two members in the 
Junior contest, and by two members in the Senior contest. 
It is suggested that the Divisional contest be conducted 
before an audience. The monthly Divisional meeting of 
the C. Y. O. or the breakfast meeting of some Holy Name 
Society within the Division are suggested. 

Awards 

In Archdiocesan Contest — medals to first, second, and 
third place winners in each class. 

Interpretation 

Cadet Contest—Under 16 years of age on September 1, 1937. 
Junior Contest—Under 19 years of age on September I, 1937. 
Entries close—January 19, 1938. 
Divisional contest must be held no later than January 30, 1938. 
Archdiocesan Contest—February 6, 1938. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply. 

Subject 

Any poem, play, or literary work may be interpreted. These 
selections must be memorized. 

Length 

Each entrant is limited to eight minutes speaking time. 

Basis of Judging 

The interpretations are judged on the degree of excellence 
shown by the speakers in making the thought and emotions 
of the author live. 

Staging the Contest 

1. Parish Representatives 
The parish cultural director is responsible for selecting the 
parish representatives. This selection must be made on or 
before January 19. Each parish is entitled to two repre-

102 



sentatives in the Cadet Contest, and to two representatives 
in the Junior contest. Entry cards for these representa-
tives must be sent to the Archdiocesan Office no later than 
January 19 (postmarked). It is recommended that the 
parish representatives be selected by means of a contest. 
This contest should be conducted before an audience. The 
breakfast meeting of the Senior Holy Name Society, a 
C. Y. O. meeting, or some parish gathering are suggested. 

2. Divisional Representatives 
The Divisional Cultural Director is responsible for con-
ducting the Divisional contest and for sending the names 
of the Divisional representatives to the Archdiocesan Of-
fice. This contest must be held no later than January 30. 
The names of these representatives must be sent to the 
Archdiocesan Office no later than January 31. Each Di-
vision is entitled to be represented by two members in the 
Cadet contest, and by two members in the Junior contest. 
It is suggested that the Divisional contest be conducted 
before an audience. The monthly Divisional meeting of 
the C. Y. O. or the breakfast meeting of some Holy Name 
Society within the Division are suggested. 

Awards 

In Archdiocesan Contest — Medals to first, second, and 
third place winners in each class. 

Debate 

Junior League—Under 19 years of age on September 1, 1937. 
Senior League—Under 26 years of age on September 1, 1937. 
Entries Close—January 25, 1938, at Archdiocesan Office. 
Competition Begins—February 6, 1938, in Divisional Leagues. 
Competition Ends—March 27, 1938, in Divisional Leagues. 
Archdiocesan Tournament—April 3, 1938. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply. 

Subject 

Resolved, that the several states should amend their con-
stitutions to provide for unicameral legislatures. 
Teams 

Three debaters constitute a team. A parish may enter as 
many teams in the league as it desires. 

103 



Time 

Each debater is restricted to five minutes in constructive 
argument, and to three minutes in rebuttal. The first af-
firmative opens the debate, and thereafter the speakers alter-
nate. The first negative opens the rebuttals which are closed 
by the third affirmative. 

Choice of Sides 

The Divisional cultural director draws up a regular league 
schedule and assigns sides, each team defending each side an 
equal number of times. 

Deciding Winner 

Debates shall be judged by three competent judges. Their 
votes shall be scored as points for the teams. In a unanimous 
decision three points shall be scored for the winner and no 
points for the loser. A split decision merits two points for 
the winner and one for the loser. The team scoring the highest 
number of points during the league competition shall be de-
clared the Divisional champion and shall represent the Divi-
sion in the Archdiocesan tournament. 

Principles of Judging 

The judges shall without conference cast their ballots af-
firmative or negative, basing their decisions not on the merit 
of the question but solely on the merits of the debating. In 
reaching a decision they shall take into consideration the 
analysis of the question, including research, organization, and 
the like; the effectiveness of refutation; and the delivery, 
including composition and the physical and vocal elements of 
speech. 

Awards 

In the Archdiocesan tournament,—team trophies to first, 
second, and third place winners, and individual medals to 
the debaters of the same teams. 

One Act Play 

Junior Contest—Under 19 years of age on September 1 1937 
Entries Close— March 3, 1938 at Archdiocesan Office. 
Divisional contests must be held no later than March 20, 1938. 
Archdiocesan Contest—March 27, 1938. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply. 

104 



Entry Cards 

Entry cards for each member of the cast must be filed 
at the Archdiocesan Office by the closing date for entries. 
In addition to this the parish must file the name of the play, 
a manuscript of the play, and the cast of characters. 

Number of plays 

Each parish shall be allowed to enter only one play in the 
Divisional contest. 

Types of plays 

The contest is restricted to one-act plays properly so-called. 
Cuttings from longer plays are not eligible. 

Time limit 

No play may exceed twenty-five minutes in length. No 
presentation can be interrupted by the closing of the curtain 
even momentarily, or the extinguishing of the lights. 

Scenery 

All plays are staged against a neutral colored background. 
Major properties such as tables, chairs, and the like, will be 
furnished. All other properties must be provided by the indi-
vidual parish'. 

Make-up 

For the Divisional contest, the parishes must furnish and 
apply their own make-up. In the Archdiocesan contest, a pro-
fessional make-up man will be furnished. 

Judging 

All one-act play contests are judged by a panel of three 
judges. The judges of the one-act play contests, without con-
sultation, rank the contesting plays according to their esti-
mates of their respective performances. These rankings are 
then added together and that play which receives the smallest 
sum is the winner, subject to the exception, that any play 
which receives two firsts is thereby considered the winner re-
gardless of its third ranking. In ranking the plays the judges 
consider the choice of the play as indicated by its suitability 
to the cast; the acting, both individual and ensemble; the di-
recting, as expressed in grouping, tempo, and the like, and the 
staging as revealed in the use of costumes, properties, lighting, 
and the like. The estimates of the judges, while based on the 

105 



foregoing elements, are not to be distributed into specific per-
centages. 

Determining Divisional winners 

The Divisional cultural director is responsible for con-
ducting the Divisional elimination, and for sending the name 
of the Divisional winner to the Archdiocesan Office. Each 
Division is entitled to one play in the Archdiocesan contest, 
and the name of the winning parish must be sent to the Arch-
diocesan Office no later than March 21, 1938. 

Awards 

In Archdiocesan contest,—trophies for first, second, and 
third place winners. Individual medals to members of the 
cast of the same. 

Essays 

The usual age classification is not followed in this activity. 
In its place, the contest is divided into the classes listed below: 

Group A—Boys in eighth grade and Freshman year in 
high school. 

Group B—Boys in Sophomore and Junior years in high 
school. (Boys not attending high school—15 and 16 years of 
age.) 

Group C—Young men in Senior year in high school or 
those who have completed their high school education, but 
who are under the age of 19 on March 1, 1938. (Young 
men not attending high school—17 and 18 years of age.) 

Entries Close—April 9, 1938, at Archdiocesan Office. 

General Eligibility Rules will apply. 

Subjects 

Group A—The History of the Northwest Ordinance. 
Group B—The Makers of the Northwest Ordinance. 
Group C—The Northwest Ordinance in its Application 

to Catholics. 

Length 

Essays will vary in length according to group. 
Group A will submit essays of 750 words or less. 
Group B will submit essays of 1000 words or less. 

106 



Group C will submit essays of not less than 1500 words 
and not more than 2000 words. 

Manuscript 

The essays must be written clearly, preferably typed, on 
one side of the sheet, and the sheets fastened at the top. The 
group designation must be placed on the top right-hand corner. 

Identification 

On the back of the last sheet of the essay, the writer must 
securely fasten a sealed envelope containing a properly filled 
out and signed entry card. 

Procedure 

The parishes are allowed an unlimited entry. All essays 
must be submitted directly to the Archdiocesan Office. They 
must be postmarked no later than April 9, 1938. 

Judging 

The essays will be judged according to their literary value 
and upon the general worthwhileness of ideas. Handwrit-
ing will not be an item of the judging, but neatness is strongly 
recommended because of its effect on the judges. 

Awards 

Group A—First place—one year high school scholarship 
and gold medal. Second place, silver medal. Third place, 
bronze medal. 

Group B—First place—one year high school scholarship 
and gold medal. Second place, silver medal. Third place, 
bronze medal. 

Group C—First place—one year scholarship at Marquette 
University and gold medal. Second place, silver medal. Third 
place, bronze medal. 

Short Story 

Senior Contest—Under 26 years of age on March 1, 1938-
Entries Close—May 7, 1938, at Archdiocesan Office. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply. 

Subject 

The plot must be original. It may be a true story or 
fiction. 

107 



Length 

A short story must contain not more than 2500 words. 

Manuscript 

The manuscript must be clearly written, preferably typed 
on one side of the sheet, and the sheets fastened together at 
the top. 

Identification 

On the back of the last sheet, the writer must securely 
fasten a sealed envelope containing a properly filled out and 
signed entry card. 

Procedure 

The parishes are allowed an unlimited entry. All short 
stories must be submitted directly to the Archdiocesan Office. 
Stories must be postmarked no later than May 7. 

Awards 

First place—A one year scholarship to Marquette Uni-
versity, or a selection of books, and a gold medal. 

Second place—Silver medal. 
Third place—Bronze medal. 

Spelling and Arithmetic Contest 

Cadets—Under 16 years of age on March 1, 1938. 

Entries Close—April 22, 1938. 

Divisional Contest—Must be conducted no later than May 6. 

Archdiocesan Contest—May 13. 

General Eligibility Rules will apply. 

Rules 

The contest will consist of a written test of words and 
problems. General study lists can be obtained from the Arch-
diocesan Office. 

Judging 

Contest will be judged on accuracy and time needed to 
complete the test. 

Awards 

In Archdiocesan Contest—Medals will be awarded to first, 
second, and third place winners. 

108 



Hobby Activities 

Archdiocesan Hobby Exhibit 

Cadet Class—Under 16 years of age on September 1, 1937. 
Junior Class—Under 19 years of age on September 1, 1937. 
Senior Class—Under 26 years of age on September 1, 1937. 
Entries Close—February 24, 1938, at Archdiocesan Office. 
Exhibits must be delivered to the Archdiocesan Office no later 
than 8:00 P. M. March 18, 1938. 
Archdiocesan Exhibit—March 21, 22 and 23, 1938. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply. 

Identification 

An identification tag containing the name, age, and parish 
of the exhibitor must be attached to each exhibit. 

Awards 

Trophy to parish scoring the highest number of points in 
the exhibit. Trophy to parish having the largest number of 
exhibitors. Merchandise awards to the individual exhibitors 
winning first, second, and third place in each hobby group 
and in each class of the group. 

Stamps 

This is an exhibit of frames and not of albums. 
Collections are mounted on cardboard or wallboard frames 

24x36 inches, with glass or cellophane protection. 

Classification 

1. United States Stamps (new, used, pre-canceled, com-
memorative, and the like). 

2. Foreign (general, any country). 

3. Specialty or Miscellaneous (airmails, special deliveries, 
ship stamps, religious stamps, animal or bird stamps). 
Entries can be made in one, several, or in all classifications. 

The entries must belong to the personal collection of the ex-
hibitor. 

Autographs 

The exhibit is again one of selection and not of albums. 
The selection must be mounted on 24x36 inch frames and 

protected by a glass or cellophane covering. 

109 



Basis of Judging . . 
1. On the value or the interest of the individual autograph. 

An autographed letter signed is rated higher than a mere 
signature. 

2. The significance of the collection as a whole. A collection 
unified by a common theme is considered of more interest 
than a mere aggregate of signatures. 

3. Neatness of the mounting. 

4. The size of the exhibit. 

Botanical and Zoological Specimens 

Exhibit must be mounted on wooden boards or frames. 

Basis of fudging 

1« Completeness of the collection. 
2. Neatness of the arrangement. 
3. Explanations that are given. 

Model Airplanes 

Solid Scale Models—for Cadets only. 
1. Models must have solid wings, fulselage and tail. 
2. Models may have any wing span. 

Built-up Scale Models—for Juniors and Seniors. 
1. Models must be of built-up construction. 
2. Models may be of any wing span. 
3. Models must be of exact scale in every detail. 

Basis of Judging 

1. General workmanship and accuracy. 
2. Covering and finish. 
3. Fidelity to scale. 

4. Amount of detail. 

Model Boats 

All types of Model Boats are eligible. 

Basis of Judging 

1. General workmanship and accuracy. 
2. Covering and finish. 
3. Fidelity to scale. 
4. Amount of detail. 

110 



Home Work Shop 

Separate exhibits will be conducted in leather work, scroll 
saw work, architectural modeling, furniture, metal work and 
tin can work. 

Basis of Judging 

1. Design. 
2. Workmanship. 
3. Detail. 
4. Usefulness. 

Bows and Arrows 

This exhibit includes complete sets and separate exhibits 
of bows and arrows. 

Basts of Judging 

1. General usefulness. 
2. Accuracy. 
3. Design. 
4. Workmanship. 
5. Detail. 

Art 

Pen and Ink Drawings are combined in one exhibit. 
Painting is a separate exhibit. 

Basis of Judging 
1. Value of idea. 
2. Accuracy in copying original. 
3. General excellence of work. 

Model Airplane Flying 
Juniors—Under 19 years of age on March 1, 1938. 
Entries Close—June 9, 1938, at Archdiocesan Office. 
Archdiocesan Contest—June 18, 1938. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply. 

Events 
Glider Event 

For all wood gliders of twenty inch span or less. 

Outdoor Commercial Event 
All models shall be of N. A. A. specification. The wing 

area must be from 150 square inches to 200 square inches. 
Model must be R. O. G. and wheels must be 1J4 inches in 

111 



diameter or over. Rubber motor must be enclosed and mini-
mum area of the maximum cross section of the fuselage must 

L2 

correspond to the formula j— where the L equals the over-all 

lengths of the fuselage. 
Flying Scale Event 

Models to be flying scale not over thirty-six inch wing 
span. 

Single Stick Tractor Event 

Wing area must be from 150 to 200 square inches. A 
model of the stick type has a body composed of a single stick 
or Open framework. Models using tubes to enclose the motor 
and not up to fuselage rules are classed as stick models. Only 
one propeller and one set of rubbers may be used on this 
model. 

Vocational Guidance Activity 

Career Booklet Contest 

The usual age classification is not followed in this activity. 
In its place the contest is divided into the classes listed below: 

Group A-'-Boys in eighth grade and first year in high 
school. 

Group B—Boys in sophomore and junior years in high 
school. (Boys not attending high school—15 and 16 years 
of age.) 

General Eligibility Rules will apply. 

Entries Close—April 25, 1938, at Archdiocesan Office. 

Nature of Booklets 

The booklet may be on any occupation or field of occupa-
tions (medicine, carpentry, civil engineering, farming, den-
tistry, and the like). 

Booklet Content 

1. Information in essay form not to exceed 1,200 words in 
length. 

2. Any other material (pictures, graphs, clippings, and the 
like) which will add to the value of the booklet. 

112 



Manuscript 

It must be clearly written (preferably typed) and should 
follow somewhat the outline referred to below. Sheets should 
be bound in an appropriate cover and the Group A or B desig-
nated on the top right hand corner of the cover. 

Identification 

On the back of the last sheet of the booklet the writer 
will securely fasten a sealed envelope containing a properly 
filled out and signed entry card. 

Judging 

The booklets will be judged according to their originality 
and literary merit, and their general worthwhileness of ideas. 
Hand writing will not be an item in the judging, but neat-
ness is strongly counselled. 

Awards 

Medals to the winners of first, second, and third place in 
each Group. 

Suggested Outline for Career Booklet 

1. See suggested outline for vocational guidance speakers as 
given on page 82. 

2. Why I plan to enter this occupation, or, Why I do not 
plan to enter this occupation. 

3. Sources of information for this booklet (show authors and 
titles of books, pamphlets, and magazines. If interviews 
were used, include names of persons interviewed). 

Athletic Activities 

Football 

Cadet League—For players under 16 years of age on Sep-
tember 1, 1937. 
Junior League—For players under 19 years of age on Sep-
tember 1, 1937. 
Entries Close—September 23 at Archdiocesan Office. 
Play Begins—October 2-3 in Divisional leagues. 
Play Ends—November 7 in Divisional leagues (including play-
offs of ties). 

113 



Archdiocesan Tournament—Starting week-end following con-
clusion of Divisional play, but not later than November 13-14. 
Open to winners of regularly organized Divisional leagues. 

Seventeen Players or more must be entered to constitute a 
team. 

General Eligibility Rules will apply to all league or tourna-
ment games. 

Football Rules 

National Collegiate Athletic Association (not High School 
Rules). Exception—Quarters will be of ten minute duration. 

Franchise and Forfeit Fees 

All teams must meet the franchise and forfeit fees set for 
the league or Division in which they play. 

Awards 

In Archdiocesan Tournament—Team trophy to winning 
parish in each class. 

Bowling 

Senior Class—For bowlers under 26 years of age on Septem-
ber I 1937. 
Entries Close—October 22 at Archdiocesan Office. 
Divisional Leagues Open—On or after November 1. 
Divisional Leagues Close—March 20. 
Archdiocesan Tournament—March 27 (tentative). 
Tournament Teams—The winning team in each of the reg-
ularly organized Divisional leagues will be eligible for the 
Archdiocesan tournament. 

Five-Man Teams—Leagues will consist of five-man teams. 
No Archdiocesan singles competition will be conducted this 
year. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply for Divisional and Arch-
diocesan leagues. 

Unlimited Entry 

Teams may enter as many bowlers as they may care to, but 
a bowler who was not entered on October 22 is eligible to 
bowl in any Divisional or Archdiocesan game. Where a parish 
has two or more teams the members of each team must be 

114 



specified by the closing date for entries and no shifting of 
members may be made after the closing date for entries. 

No Cash Prizes 

There shall be no cash prizes competed for or received in 
C. Y. O. leagues. 

Awards 
In Archdiocesan tournament—Team trophies to parishes 

placing first, second, or third. Medals to five members of the 
same teams. 

Basketball 

Cadet League—For players under 16 years of age on Sep-
tember 1, 1937. 
Junior League—For players under 19 years of age on Sep-
tember 1, 1937. 
Senior League—For players under 26 years of age on Sep-
tember 1, 1937. 
Entries Close—November 26 at Archdiocesan Office. 
Play Begins— December 11-12 in Divisional leagues. 
Play Ends— February 27 in Divisional leagues (including play-
offs of ties). 
Archdiocesan Tournament—March 5 to 13. 
Eight Players or more must be entered to constitute a team. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply to all league or tourna-
ment games. 
Basketball Rules 

National Collegiate Athletic Association (not High School 
Rules). Exception—Quarters will be of 8 minute duration in 
all classes, 1 minute between quarters, 10 minutes between 
halves. 

Franchise and Forfeit Fees 

All teams must meet the franchise and forfeit fees set for 
the league or Division in which they play. 

Players Must Participate 

In three or more regularly scheduled C. Y. O. basketball 
league games this season in order to be eligible to play in the 
Archdiocesan Tournament. 

115 



Tournament Teams 

Winners of the regularly organized Divisional leagues will 
be eligible for the Archdiocesan tournament. 

No Entry Fee 

Will be charged to teams entering the Archdiocesan tourna-
ment. 

forfeit Fee 

A substantial forfeit fee (to insure appearance) will be 
charged each team entering the tournament. This fee will be 
returned if the team appears for all their tournament games 
with a full team on time. 

Awards 

In Archdiocesan tournament—Team trophies to parishes 
winning first, second, or third places in any of the three classes. 
Medals to the members of the same teams. Medals to five 
players picked on the all tournament teams in the three classes. 

Free Throwing 

Cadet Class—For players under 16 years of age on September 
1, 1937. 
Junior Class—For players under 19 years of age on September 
i 1937. 
Senior Class—For players under 26 years of age on September 
1, 1937. 
Entries Close—February 11 at Archdiocesan Office. 
Dizrisional Eliminations must be held between February 20 
and March 4, inclusive. 
Archdiocesan Championships—March 19 (tentative). 
General Eligibility Rules will apply for Divisional and Arch-
diocesan contests. 

Rules 

For Divisional and Archdiocesan Contests. Cadet entrants 
will take 25 throws. Junior and Senior class entrants will take 
35 throws. In case of ties the contestants so tied shall again 
take the number of throws required for their class. 

First Place Winners 

In each class in each divisional elimination are eligible to 
compete in the Archdiocesan championships. Only free throw-
ers who so qualify in regularly organized divisional elemina-

116 



tions are eligible to compete in the Archdiocesan champion-
ships. 
Awards 

In Archdiocesan championship—Medals to first, second, 
and third place winners in each class. 

Swimming (Indoor) 

Cadet Class—For swimmers under 16 years of age on Sep-
tember 1, 1937. 
Junior Class—For swimmers under 19 years of age on Sep-
tember 1, 1937. 
Senior Class—For swimmers under 26 years of age on Sep-
tember 1, 1937. 
Entries Close—March 18 at Archdiocesan Office. 
Divisional Meets must be held between March 25 and April 4, 
inclusive. 
Archdiocesan Meet—April 9 (tentative). 
Swimming Rules—Amateur Athletic Union. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply for Divisional and Arch-
diocesan meets. 

Swimming Rules 

Amateur Athletic Union. 

Archdiocesan Qualifiers 

Winners of first places in all events in Divisional meets 
qualify to compete in those events in the Archdiocesan meet. 
Only swimmers who so qualify in regularly organized Divi-
sional meets are eligible to compete in the Archdiocesan meet. 
They may compete only in the events in which they have 
qualified. 

Events 
The following events will be held, and held in the order 

given below, in Divisional meets and in the Archdiocesan 
championship meet. 
Cadet Class 

1. 50 Yards Breast Stroke (or 40 yards in 20 yard pools). 
2. 50 Yards Back Stroke (or 40 yards in 20 yard pools). 
3. 50 Yards Free Style (or 40 yards in 20 yard pools). 
4. Diving 

a. Compulsory Dives—Plain front dive, running; 
Backward dive. 

117 



b. Optional Dives—2 dives, no restrictions, except that 
neither of the required dives may be duplicated. 

5. 75 Yards Individual Medley Swim (or 60 yards in 20 
yard pools)—Breast Stroke, Back Stroke, Free Style. 

Junior Class 

6. 200 Yards Free Style Relay—4 men (or 160 yards in 20 
yard pools). 

7. 100 Yards Breast Stroke. 
8. 50 Yards Free Style (or 40 yards in 20 yard pools). 
9. 220 Yards Free Style. 

10. 100 Yards Back Stroke. 
11. 100 Yards Free Style. 
12. Diving 

a. Compulsory Dives—Plain front dive, running; 
Backward dive ; 
Backward jack-knife; 
Front dive with half twist, run-
ning. 

b. Optional Dives—4 dives, no restrictions, except that 
none of the required dives may be duplicated. 

13. 75 Yards Individual Medley Swim (or 60 yards in 20 
yard pools)—Breast Stroke, Back Stroke, Free Style. 

Senior Class 

14. 100 Yards Free Style. 
15. 150 Yards Back Stroke (or 140 yards in 20 yard pools). 
16. 220 Yards Breast Stroke. 
17. 220 Yards Free Style. 
18. Diving 

a. Compulsory Dives—Plain front dive, running; 
Backward dive; 
Half gainer, running, straight or 
pike ; 
Backward jack-knife; 
Front dive with half twist, run-
ning. 

b. Optional dives—5 dives, one from each of the follow-
ing groups : 
1. Forward dives. 
2. Backward dives. 
3. Gainer dives. 

118 



4. Cutaway dives. 
5. Twist (screw) dives. 

19. 400 Yards Free Style Relay—4 men. 

Scoring 

Archdiocesan Meet—Four places (including relays) will 
be scored in each event as follows: Firsts, 5 points; seconds, 
3 points; thirds, 2 points; fourths, 1 point. 

Divisional Meets—5 for firsts, 3 for seconds, 1 for thirds. 
Parish championship will be decided on the combined score 

of the three classes. 

Special Entry Cards 

Are required for this sport. Kindly make application for 
same to the Archdiocesan Office. 

Three Events 

Swimmers are limited to entering three events (including 
relay). These events must be noted on the entry card. No 
changes in events may be made after the closing date for 
entries. 

Awards 

In Archdiocesan meet—Team trophy to winning parish. 
Medals will be awarded for first, second, and third places; 
ribbons for fourth places in all events (including relays). 

Wrestling 

Junior Class—For Wrestlers under 19 years of age on Sep-
tember 1, 1937. 
Minor Class—For Wrestlers under 22 years of age on Sep-
tember 1, 1937. 
Entries Close—March 24 at Archdiocesan Office. 
Archdiocesan Tournament—April 2-3. (Tentative.) 
General Eligibility Rules will apply. 

Weight Classes Weight Classes 
Junior Class 

106 lbs. and under 145 lbs. and under 
112 lbs. and under 155 lbs. and under 
118 lbs. and under 165 lbs. and under 
126 lbs. and under 175 lbs. and under 
135 lbs. and under Heavyweight (unlimited) 

119 



Minor Class 
112 lbs. and under 
118 lbs. and under 
126 lbs. and under 
135 lbs. and under 

- 155 lbs. and under 
165 lbs. and under 
175 lbs. and under 

Heavyweight (unlimited) 
145 lbs. and under 

Rule Books 

Copies of the C. Y. O. Wrestling Rules will be sent with-
out charge to any parish spiritual or athletic director who 
makes a request for same to the Archdiocesan Office. 

Stripped Weight 

Athletes must enter their approximate stripped weight on 
their wrestling entry card. All wrestlers will be officially 
weighed by C. Y. O. officials on the day of the tournament. 

Length of Bouts 

Bouts shall be eight minutes in length, except under cer-
tain conditions specified in the rules. 

Bout Scoring 

A fall immediately terminates a bout, except in a "split 
period" bout (fully explained in C. Y. O. rules). When the 
outcome of a bout is not determined by a fall the following 
scoring system decides the winner of the bout: 

1. Bringing the opponent to mat and going behind, 5 
points. 

2. Getting out from underneath and going free, 3 points. 
3. Getting out from underneath and going behind at once, 

5 points. 
4. Aggressiveness on mat (only once in each bout), 1 

point. 

Elimination 

The Archdiocesan tournament will be run on an elimina-
tion basis. However, the two defeated semi-finalists in each 
weight class will wrestle for third place. 

Team Scoring 

First place in each weight class shall count 5 points, second 
place shall count three points, third place shall count one point. 
One additional point shall be scored for each bout won on a 
fall throughout the tournament. The parish championship will 

120 



be decided on the combined points of the Junior and Minor 
classes. 

Weight Allowance 

No overweight is allowed. 

Amateur Wrestling 

All contests will be held strictly according to amateur rules. 
All contestants using professional tactics will be immediately 
excluded from the tournament. 

Ring 

The mat will be on the floor and not on a platform. There 
will be no ropes. 

Awards 

Team trophy to winning parish. Medals will be awarded 
for first, second, and third places in all weight classes. 

Table Tennis 

Cadet Class—For players under 16 years of age on September 
1, 1937. 
Junior Class—For players under 19 years of age on September 
| 1937. 
Entries Close—January 14 at Archdiocesan Office. 
Singles only. 
Divisional Tournaments must be held between January 22 and 
February 13, inclusive. 
Archdiocesan Tournament—February 19-20. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply for Divisional and Arch-
diocesan tournaments. 

Rules 

U. S. Table Tennis Association. 

Elimination Tournaments 

Divisional and Archdiocesan tournaments will be strictly 
eliminational. Two out of three games to decide each match. 
First Place Winners 

First place winners in each class in each divisional tourna-
ment are eligible to compete in the Archdiocesan tournament. 
Only players who so qualify in regularly organized divisional 
tournaments are eligible to compete in the Archdiocesan tour-
nament; 

121 



Awards 

In Archdiocesan tournament—Medals to first, second, and 
third place winners in each class. 

Baseball (Hardball) 

Junior League—For players under 19 years of age on March 
1, 1938. 
Entries Close—April 26 at Archdiocesan Office. 
Play Begins—May 7 in Divisional leagues. 
Play Ends—June 20 in Divisional leagues. 
Archdiocesan Tournament—June 25-26. 
15 Players or more must be entered to constitute a team. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply to all league and tourna-
ment games. 

Baseball Rules 

Official Baseball Rules adopted by the National and Amer-
ican Leagues. Exception—Games will be less than 9 innings 
when game is not completed in specified time allotted for game. 

Franchise and Forfeit Fees 

All teams must meet the franchise and forfeit fees set for 
the league or Division in which they play. 

Tournament Teams 

Winners of the regularly organized Divisional leagues will 
be eligible for the Archdiocesan tournament. 

So Entry Fee 

Will be charged to teams entering the Archdiocesan tour-
nament. 

Forfeit Fee 

A forfeit fee (to insure appearance) will be charged each 
team entering the tournament. This fee will be returned if the 
team appears for all their tournament games with a full team 
on time. 

Awards 

In Archdiocesan tournament — Team trophy to winning 
parish. 

Softball 

Cadet League—For players under 16 years of age on March 
1, 1938. 

122 



Junior League—For players under 19 years of age on March 
1, 1938. 
Senior League—For players under 26 years of age on March 
1 1938. 
Entries Close—CADET and JUNIOR class—April 19, at 
Archdiocesan Office. SENIOR class — May 11, at Arch-
diocesan Office. 

Play Begins—CADET and JUNIOR class—April 30-May 1 
in Divisional leagues. SENIOR class—May 21-22 in Divi-
sional leagues. 

Play Ends—CADET and JUNIOR Divisional leagues on 
June 19 (including play-offs); SENIOR Divisional leagues 
on July 31. 

Archdiocesan Tournament—CADET and JUNIOR class— 
June 25-26. SENIOR class—August 6-7. 
15 Players or more must be entered to constitute a team. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply to all league and tourna-
ment games. 

Softball Rules 

Official Rules of Softball as approved by the Joint Rules 
Committee. NOTE—12 inch, smooth-seam (in-seam) ball— 
60 foot base lines—40 foot pitching distance—10 players—no 
team can start game with less than 10 players—7 inning games. 
EXCEPTION—Where conditions demand, 12 inch out-seam 
ball, 45 foot base lines, 37 foot Sy2 inch pitching distance will 
be permitted. 
Franchise and Forfeit Fees 

All teams must meet the franchise and forfeit fees set for 
the league or division in which they play. 

Tournament Teams 

Winners of the regularly organized Divisional leagues will 
be eligible for the Archdiocesan tournament. 

No Extra Fee 

Will be charged to teams entering the Archdiocesan tour-
nament. 
Forfeit Fee 

A forfeit fee (to insure appearance) will be charged each 
team entering the tournament. This fee will be returned if 

123 



the team appears for all their tournament games with a full 
team on time. 

Awards 

In Archdiocesan tournament—Team trophy to the winning 
parish in each of the three tournaments. 

Track 

Cadet Class— For athletes under 16 years of age on March 1, 
1938. 
Junior Class—For athletes under 19 years of age on March 1, 
1938. 
Senior Class—For athletes under 26 years of age on March 1, 
1938. 
Entries Close—June 30, at Archdiocesan Office. 
Archdiocesan Meet—July 9 (tentative). 
Unlimited Entry is permitted from any parish. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply. 
Track Rules 

Amateur Athletic Union. 

Events 
Cadet Class 

100 Meters Run 
200 Meters Run 
400 Meters Run 
800 Meters Run 

Junior Class 

100 Meters Run 
200 Meters Run 
400 Meters Run 
800 Meters Run 
1500 Meters Run 
110 Meters High Hurdles 
200 Meters Low Hurdles 
1500 Meters Walk 
Running High Jump 
Running Broad Jump 
Running Hop, Step and Jump 
Putting 12 lb. Shot 
Throwing the Discus 
Pole Vault 

Running High Jump 
Running Broad Jump 
Putting 8 lb. Shot 
Pole Vault 

Senior Class 

100 Meters Run 
200 Meters Run 
400 Meters Run 
800 Meters Run 
1500 Meters Run 
110 Meters High Hurdles 
200 Meters Low Hurdles 
1500 Meters Walk 
Running High Jump 
Running Broad Jump 
Running Hop, Step and Jump 
Putting 16 lb. Shot 
Throwing the Discus 
Pole Vault 

124 



Scoring 

Four places will be scored in each event as follows: Firsts, 
5 points; seconds, 3 points; thirds, 2 points; fourths, 1 point. 
Parish championship will be decided on the combined score of 
the three classes. 

Special Entry Cards 

Are required for this sport. Kindly make application for 
same to the Archdiocesan Office. 

Three Events 

Athletes are limited to entering three events. These events 
must be noted on the entry card. No changes in events may 
be made after the closing date for entries. 

Awards 

Team trophy to winning parish. Medals will be awarded 
for first, second, and third places; ribbons for 4th places, in 
all events. 

Tennis 

Cadet Class—For players under 16 years of age on March 
1, 1938. 
Junior Class—For players under 19 years of age on March 
1, 1938. 
Senior Class—For players under 26 years of age on March 
1, 1938. 
Entries Close—April 29, at Archdiocesan Office. 
Singles only. 
Divisional Tournaments must be held between May 21 and 
July 10, inclusive. 
Archdiocesan Tournament—July 16-17 (tentative). 
General Eligibility Rules will apply for Divisional and Arch-
diocesan tournaments. 
Rules 

U. S. Lawn Tennis Association. 

Elimination Tournaments 
Divisional and Archdiocesan tournaments will be strictly 

eliminational. Two out of three sets to decide each match. 

First Place Winners 
In each class in each divisional tournament are eligible to 

compete in the Archdiocesan tournament. Only players who 

125 



so qualify in regularly organized divisional tournaments are 
eligible to compete in the Archdiocesan tournament. 

Awards 

In Archdiocesan tournaments—Medals to first, second, and 
third place winners in each class. 

Horseshoe Pitching 

Cadet Class—For players under 16 years of age on March 
1, 1938. 

Junior Class—For players under 19 years of age on March 
1, 1938. 
Singles only. 

Entries Close—May 20, at Archdiocesan Office. 
Divisional Tournaments must be held between May 28 and 
June 5, inclusive. 
Archdiocesan Tournament—June 11-12. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply for Divisional and Arch-
diocesan tournaments. 

Rules 

National Horseshoe Pitchers' Association. (40 foot court.) 

Qualifying Round 

In Divisional and Archdiocesan tournaments—Each con-
testant will pitch 100 shoes in the qualifying round. He will 
pitch alone on the court, throwing two shoes and walking. 
His total score will be the sum of ringers and single points 
made, counting all shoes within six inches of the stake. He 
must throw according to the regulation pitching rules. The 
SIX HIGHEST SCORES (determined in the qualifying 
round) will play a round robin, each pitching the other play-
ers one 50 point game. The player with the most games won 
at the end of the round robin will be declared the champion. 

First and Second Place Winners 

First and second place winners in each class in each divi-
sional tournament are eligible to compete in the Archdiocesan 
tournament. Only pitchers who so qualify in regularly or-
ganized divisional tournaments are eligible to compete in the 
Archdiocesan tournament. 

126 



Awards 

In Archdiocesan tournament—Medals to winners of first, 
second, and third places in each tournament. 

Recreational Activities 
Checkers 

Cadet Contest—Under 16 years of age on September 1, 1937. 
Junior Contest—Under 19 years of age on September 1, 1937. 
Entries Close—November 9, 1937, at Archdiocesan Office. 
Divisional Contests must be held no later than November 21, 
1937. 
Archdiocesan Contest—December 5, 1937. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply. 

Rules 

1. One parish representative in each class represents the 
parish in the divisional contest. 

2. The divisional winner of each class represents the divi-
sion in the Archdiocesan Contest. 

3. The tournament will be a round-robin. Each player plays 
one game with each and every other contestant. The win-
ner of each match is credited with two points, while both 
contestants score a point in the event of a tie or draw. 
The contestant who has the greatest number of points at 
the end of the contest shall be declared the champion. In 
the event of a tie, a play-off is necessary. 

4. Boards are placed so that the bottom left-hand corner 
square is black. 

5. Checkers are placed on the black squares. 
6. Each player plays alternately with black and white check-

ers—the black checker must be first to move at the open-
ing of every game. 

7. A play is made and completed when a player properly 
moves one of his men across the line and releases hand 
from checker. 

8. A huff or blow does not constitute a play. 
9. A player has the right to huff, compel the take, or allow 

the checker to remain on the board, as he thinks proper, 
when his opponent fails to jump. 

10. A draw is declared when neither player can force a win 
or jump after forty moves of his own. 

127 



11. A player moving a single checker into his opponent's king 
row to be crowned cannot move the checker again until 
his next turn. 

12. In any dispute, players must abide by the decision of the 
referee. 

Awards 

In the Archdiocesan contest—Medals to first, second, and 
third place winners in each class. 

Chess 

Cadet Contest—Under 16 years of age on September 1, 1937. 
Junior Contest—Under 19 years of age on September 1, 1937. 
Senior Contest—Under 26 years of age on September 1, 1937. 
Entries Close—November 9, 1937, at the Archdiocesan Office. 
Divisional Contests must be held no later than November 21, 
1937. 
Archdiocesan Contest—December 5, 1937. 
General Eligibility Rules will apply. 

Rules 

1. The tournament will be a round-robin. Each player plays 
in the divisional contest. 

2. The divisional winner of each class represents the division 
in the Archdiocesan contest. 

3. The tournament will be a round-robin. Each player plays 
one game with each and every contestant. The winner of 
each match is entitled to one point, while in the event of a 
draw, each player is entitled to one-half point. The con-
testant who has the greatest number of points at the end 
of the tournament is declared the champion. In the event 
of a tie, a play-off is necessary. 

4. All other play is governed by the Rules and Regulations of 
the American Chess Code. 

5. In any dispute, players must abide by the decision of the 
referee. 

Awards 

In the Archdiocesan contest—Medals to first, second, and 
third place winners in each class. 

Archdiocesan Mass Meet 

Cadet Meet—Under 16 years of age on March 1, 1938. 

128 



Entries Close—March 29, 1938, at Archdiocesan Office. 
Divisional Mass Meets must be conducted no later than April 
8, 1938. 

Archdiocesan Mass Meet—April 22, 1938. 

General Eligibility Rules will apply. 

Events 

A Mass meet consists of the following four events: 
1. Basketball throw—backward, overhead. 
2. Stick the peg. 
3. Round the bases relay. 
4. Standing broad jump. 

Rules 

1. Six men constitute a team. 

2. All six men must compete in all four events. 
3. The parish team winning the divisional mass meet repre-

sents that division in the Archdiocesan Mass Meet. 

Scoring 

1. The best team score in any event receives 100 percent. 

2. Other teams score percentage in proportion to winning 
team. 

3. The team having the highest percentage wins the meet. 

Awards 

In the Archdiocesan Meet—Trophies to the first and second 
place teams. 

129 



C H A P T E R F I V E 

AWARDS 

The prevailing system of awarding only successful com-
petition in certain activities is psychologically unsound. The 
program which limits its awards to successful contestants says, 
in effect, to the winners: "You have done a good job, here 
is your reward, you are finished." Such a recognition is a 
graduation and not a commencement. It fails to challenge the 
gifted individuals, and to the less fortunate it lacks all appeal. 
Restricting awards to the competitive activities serves to over-
emphasize a phase of the program which is, at most, a drama-
tization of the whole program. Worse than this, it fails to pro-
mote, and perhaps even discourages, a broad participation. 

The Purpose of Awards 

In addition to the prizes offered to successful contestants 
in competitive activities, the C. Y. O. has developed a merit 
system. By means of this system it aims: 

1. To confer merited public recognition upon certain non-
competitive activities in its program. 

2. To encourage all members to take part in all the program. 
3. To make public acknowledgment for active service by 

leaders. 
4. To make public acknowledgment of exceptional services to 

the C. Y. O. or to Catholic youth whether these take the 
form of active leadership, or of exceptional contributions 
in thought, or inspiration. 

Types of Awards 

All awards made by the C. Y. O. are divided into three 
classes: 
1. Activities awards (for members). 

a. Membership awards. 
b. Achievement awards. 

2. Service awards (for leaders). 
3. Honorary awards (for special service). 

Honor Night 

All awards are conferred publicly at Divisional and Arch-
diocesan Honor Nights. 

The Divisional Honor Nights are held once a year, in the 

130 



month of January. At these Honor Nights the two and three 
year membership awards, and the awards of merit and excel-
lence, are conferred. In order that the fullest results may be 
obtained from the award system it is strongly urged that mem-
bers, including boys who are not recipients, and their parents, 
be prevailed upon to attend. 

Annually, at one of the large public functions of the 
C. Y. O. or of the Milwaukee Archdiocesan Holy Name So-
ciety, the major awards are conferred. 

Membership Awards 

Membership awards are conferred on those who have 
served satisfactory membership as follows: two years; three 
years; five years; ten years. Satisfactory membership is taken 
to mean: 

1. Attendance at eight regular monthly Communions a year, 
unless excused for a good reason by the Spiritual Director. 

2. Attendance at five regular monthly meetings a year. 
The membership awards are as follows: 
Two year award, an inscribed certificate; 
Three year award, a certificate and the privilege of wear-

ing a bronze button; 
Five year award, a certificate and the privilege of wearing 

a silver button; 
Ten year award, a certificate and the privilege of wearing 

a gold button. 
The two and three year membership awards are conferred 

at the Divisional Honor Night; and the five and ten year 
awards at the Archdiocesan Honor Night. 
How to Keep Membership Records 

In order that the membership awards may be fairly and 
justly conferred, it is necessary that attendance records be 
accurate. Accordingly, the following suggestions are made: 

1. Secure special master record cards from the Archdiocesan 
Office. The Spiritual Director keeps these cards in his pos-
session. 

2. Pass out attendance cards at Communion (obtainable at 
the Archdiocesan Office). The secretary then transfers the 
attendance record to the master record cards which remain 
in possession of the Spiritual Director. 

131 



3. In the event of the transference of a member from one 
parish to another, the Spiritual Director of the first parish 
sends, upon request, the card directly to the Spiritual 
Director of the second. 

4. In a similar way, the record of attendance at monthly meet-
ings is transcribed to the master record cards. 

Method of Applying for Membership Awards 

The application for membership awards is a duty incum-
bent upon the Spiritual Directors of the several branches. 
These shall submit, prior to December 1 of any year, the 
names of those eligible for the several membership awards for 
the twelve-month period ending on the preceding September 1. 
Application blanks for these awards are obtained from the 
Archdiocesan Office and returned thereto. 

Achievement Awards 

The achievement awards are conferred upon the C. Y. O. 
members who receive the following points: 

Award of Merit, an inscribed certificate, for 50 points. 
Award of Excellence, a certificate and the privilege of 

wearing a bronze button, for 150 points. 
Award of Distinction, a certificate and the privilege of 

wearing a silver button, for 300 points. 
Grand Award, a certificate and the privilege of wearing a 

gold button, for 500 points. 

How to Keep Achievement Records 

In order that Achievement Awards may be fairly and justly 
conferred, the following recommendations should be observed: 
1. Every activity director keeps accurate records of all par-

ticipants in his activities. This record indicates length of 
participation, type of participation, and, in the case of 
competitive activities, success in participation. 

2. The records in Divisional and Archdiocesan activities are 
sent by the Archdiocesan Office to the parish Spiritual 
Director in August each year. 

3. Once each year, preferably in late August, the parish Direc-
tors meet with the Spiritual Director and compile the 
master record. 

4. These record cards are kept in possession of the Spiritual 
Director. 

132 



Method of Applying for Achievement Awards 
The same procedure as outlined on page 132 for Member-

ship Awards applies to Achievement Awards. 

Scoring System for Achievement Awards 

Parish Participation 

General—Ten points are annually awarded to members who 
participate in at least six different types of activities dur-
ing the year. These six activities must represent three fields 
of endeavor (cultural, hobby, vocational guidance, athletic, 
recreational, or social). 

Special Points 

Participation in study clubs 

Essay Contest 
Short Story Contest 
Career Booklet Contest 
Officers and Standing Committee 

Chairmen 
Exhibiting in Archdiocesan Hobby 

Show 

Divisional Participation 

Active membership in Literary Club.. 
Active membership in Hobby Clubs.. 
Active membership in Dramatic Club. 
Active membership in Chorus or 

Band Clubs 
Officers in Division 

Successful Competition in Divisional Activities 

In individualistic activities — Oratory, Interpretation, Spell-
ing, Arithmetic, Tennis, Free Throwing, Checkers, and Chess: 

First place winners, 7 points; Second place winners, 5 
points; Third place winners, 3 points; Fourth place winners, 
1 point. 

In Swimming Meet (for each event) 
First place winners, 3 points; Second place winners, 2 

points; Third place winners, 1 point. 

133 

5 points (per session) 

3 points 
5 points 
5 points 

2 points (annually) 

1 point 

.10 points (annually) 

. 2 points (annually 

oo
 

points (annually) 

5 8 points (annually) 

4 points (annually) 



In Table Tennis and Horseshoe 
First place winners, 3 points ; Second place winners, 2 

points ; Third place winners, 1 point. 

In team activities—One-Act Play, Debate, Football, Basket-
ball, Softball, Baseball, and Mass Meet—the following points 
will be awarded to every member of the team : 

First place winners, 5 points; Second place winners, 3 
points ; Third place winners, 1 point. 

In Bowling 
First place winners, 3 points ; Second place winners, 2 

points; Third place winners, 1 point. 

Successful Competition in Archdiocesan Activities 

In individualistic activities — Oratory, Interpretation, Spell-
ing, Arithmetic, Hobbies, Career Booklet, Wrestling, Free 
Throw, Tennis, Checkers, Chess: 

First place winners, 15 points; Second place winners, 10 
points; Third place winners, 5 points; Fourth place winners, 
3 points. 

In Track and Swimming Meet 

First place winners, 7 points ; Second place winners, 5 
points; Third place winners, 3 points; Fourth place winners, 
1 point. 

In Table Tennis and Horseshoe Pitching 

First place winners, 7 points; Second place winners, 5 
points; Third place winners, 3 points; Fourth place winners, 
1 point. 

In Essay and Short Story Contests 

First place winners, 20 points; Second place winners, 15 
points ; Third place winners, 10 points ; Fourth place winners, 
5 points. 

In team activities—One-Act Play, Debate, Football, Basket-
ball, Softball, Baseball, Mass Meet—the following points will 
be awarded to every member of the team : 

First place winners, 10 points ; Second place winners, 7 
points ; Third place winners, 4 points ; Fourth place winners, 
2 points. 

134 



In Bowling 
First place winners, 6 points; Second place winners, 4 

points; Third place winners, 2 points; Fourth place winners, 
1 point. 

Service Awards 

Service Awards for active leadership shall be conferred 
upon Divisional and Parish Directors and Coaches for one 
year, two years, five years and ten years of service. 

The Service Awards shall take the following form: 
One year award, an inscribed certificate. 
Two year award, a certificate and a bronze button. 
Five year award, a certificate and a silver button. 
Ten year award, a certificate and a gold button. 
Special Service Awards for longer periods shall be con-

ferred at the discretion of the executive committee of the 
C. Y. O. 

Method of Applying for Service Awards 

The same procedure as outlined on page 132 for Member-
ship Awards applies to Service Awards. For Divisional lead-
ership awards the Divisional Spiritual Directors will apply 
to the Archdiocesan Office. 

The five and ten year membership awards; the three, five, 
and ten year leadership awards; and the Award of Distinction 
and the General Award are retroactive to September 1, 1934. 

The Honorary Award 

The Honorary Award of Distinguished Service to Catholic 
youth is, upon unanimous vote of the Executive Council of the 
C. Y. O., given to such Catholic men, both clerical and lay, 
who have rendered exceptional and outstanding service to the 
cause of Catholic youth by their contribution of time, sup-
port, active leadership, or of such other nature as the Execu-
tive Council deems worthy of the honor. The recipient of this 
award is elected a life member of the Archbishop's Club. The 
symbol of the award is an emblem of the C. Y. O. suitably 
engraved and affixed to a ribbon banded with green and 
white. This decoration is to be worn at all formal public 
Holy Name Society or C. Y. O. functions. Together with a 
certificate stating the basis of the award it is conferred with 
a solemn public ceremony. 

135 



C H A P T E R SIX 

THE CALENDAR 

September 
10. Meeting—Division Two. 
13. Meeting—Division Four. 
23. Football entries close. 

October 

2. Football play begins in Divisional Leagues. 
3. Football play begins in Divisional Leagues. 
4. Meeting—Division One. 
4. Meeting—Division Three. 
4. Meeting—Division Four. 
4. Meeting—Fond du Lac Division. 
6. Meeting—Division Five—Racine. 
7. Meeting—Division Six—Kenosha. 
8. Meeting—Division Two. 

11. Leadership Course opens. 
18. Leadership Course. 
21. Vocational Guidance Institute opens. 
22. Bowling entries close. 
25. Leadership Course. 
28. Vocational Guidance Institute. 

November 

1. Leadership Course. 
1. Divisional Bowling Leagues open. 
4. Vocational Guidance Institute. 
7. Football play ends in Divisional Leagues. 
8. Meeting—Fond du Lac Division. 
8. Leadership Course. 
9. Checker and Chess entries close. 

10. Meeting—Division One. 
10. Meeting—Division Three. 
10. Meeting—Division Five—Racine. 
11. Vocational Guidance Institute. 
11. Meeting—Division Four. 
11. Meeting—Division Six—Kenosha. 
12. Study Club School opens. 
12. Meeting—Division Two. 
13. Archdiocesan Football Tournament. 

136 



November 

14. Archdiocesan Football Tournament. 
15. Leadership Course. 
18. Vocational Guidance Institute. 
19. Study Club School. 
21. Divisional Checker and Chess Tournaments. 
22. Leadership Course. 
25. Mass of Thanksgiving. 
26. Basketball entries close. 
26. Study Club School. 
29. Leadership Course. 

December 

2. Vocational Guidance Institute. 
3. Study Club School. 
5. Archdiocesan Checker and Chess Tournament. 
6. Meeting—Fond du Lac Division. 
6. Banquet—close of Leadership Course. 
8. Meeting—Division One. 
8. Meeting—Division Three. 
8. Meeting—Division Five—Racine. 
9. Meeting—Division Four. 
9. Meeting—Division Six—Kenosha. 

10. Study Club School. 
10. Meeting—Division Two. 
11. Basketball play begins in Divisional Leagues. 
12. Basketball play begins in Divisional Leagues 
17. Study Club School. 
21. Oratorical entries close. 

January 

3. Meeting—Division One. 
3. Meeting—Division Three. 
3. Meeting—Division Four. 
3. Meeting—Fond du Lac Division. 
5. Meeting—Division Five—Racine. 
6. Meeting—Division Six—Kenosha. 
7. Study Club School. 
7. Meeting—Division Two. 
9. Feast of the Most Holy Name. 
9. Divisional Oratorical Contests. 

11. Speech Course opens. 

137 



January 

14. Study Club School. 
14. Table Tennis entries close. 
16. Archdiocesan Oratorical Contest. 
18. Speech Course. 
19. Interpretation Contest entries close. 
21. Study Club School. 
25. Speech Course. 
25. Debate entries close. 
28. Study Club School. 
30. Divisional Interpretation Contest. 
31. Patronal Feast of St. John Bosco. 

February 

1. Speech Course. 
4. Study Club School. 
6. Debate Leagues open in Divisions. 
6. Archdiocesan Interpretation Contest. 
7. Meeting—Division One. 
7. Meeting—Division Three. 
7. Meeting—Division Four. 
7. Meeting—Fond du Lac Division. 
8. Speech Course. 
9. Meeting—Division Five—Racine. 

10. Meeting—Division Six—Kenosha. 
11. Study Club School. 
11. Free Throwing entries close. 
11. Meeting—Division Two. 
15. Speech Course. 
18. Study Club School. 
19. Archdiocesan Table Tennis Tournament. 
20. Archdiocesan Table Tennis Tournament. 
22. Speech Course. 
24. Hobby entries close. 
25. Study Club School. 
27. Basketball play ends in Divisional Leagues. 

March 

1. Speech Course. 
3. One-Act Play Contest entries close. 
4. Study Club School. 
5. Archdiocesan Basketball Tournament. 
6. Archdiocesan Basketball Tournament. 

138 



March 

7. Archdiocesan Basketball Tournament. 
7. Meeting—Division One. 
7. Meeting—Division Three. 
7. Meeting—Division Four. 
7. Meeting—Fond du Lac Division. 
8. Archdiocesan Basketball Tournament. 
8. Speech Course. 
9. Archdiocesan Basketball Tournament. 
9. Meeting—Division Five—Racine. 

10. Archdiocesan Basketball Tournament. 
10. Meeting—Division Six—Kenosha. 
11. Archdiocesan Basketball Tournament. 
11. Study Club School. 
11. Meeting—Division Two. 
12. Archdiocesan Basketball Tournament. 
13. Archdiocesan Basketball Tournament. 
15. Speech Course. 
18. Hobby Exhibits must be at Archdiocesan Office. 
18. Swimming entries close. 
18. Study Club School. 
19. Archdiocesan Free Throw championships (tentative). 
20. Divisional One-Act Play Contest. 
20. Divisional Bowling Leagues close. 
21. Hobby Exhibit. 
22. Hobby Exhibit. 
23. Hobby Exhibit. 
24. Wrestling entries close. 
25. Study Club School closes. 
27. Debate Leagues close in Divisions. 
27. Archdiocesan One-Act Play Contest. 
27. Archdiocesan Bowling Tournament (tentative). 
29. Mass Meet entries close. 

April 

2. Archdiocesan Wrestling Tournament (tentative). 
3. Archdiocesan Wrestling Tournament (tentative). 
3. Archdiocesan Debate Tournament. 
4. Meeting—Division One. 
4. Meeting—Division Three. 
4. Meeting—Division Four. 
4. Meeting—Fond du Lac Division. 

139 



April 
6. Meeting—Division Five—Racine. 
7. Meeting—Division Six—Kenosha. 
8. Divisional Mass Meets. 
8. Meeting—Division Two. 
9. Essays must be submitted to Archdiocesan Office. 
9. Archdiocesan Swimming Meet (tentative). 

14. Maundy Thursday Vigil. 
19. Softball entries for Cadet and Junior classes close. 
22. Archdiocesan Mass Meet. 
22. Entries close for Spelling and Arithmetic contests. 
25. Vocational Guidance Career Conference at Messmer High 

School. 
25. Vocational Guidance Career booklets must be submitted 

to Archdiocesan Office. 
26. Baseball (hardball) entries close. 
29. Tennis entries close. 
30. Softball play for Cadet and Junior classes begins in Divi-

sional Leagues. 

May 

1. Softball play for Cadet and Junior classes begins in Divi-
sional Leagues. 

2. Meeting—Division One. 
2. Meeting—Division Three. 
2. Meeting—Division Four. 
2. Meeting—Fond du Lac Division. 
4. Meeting—Division Five—Racine. 
5. Meeting—Division Six—Kenosha. 
6. Meeting—Division Two. 
6. Divisional Spelling and Arithmetic contests. 
7. Short Stories must be submitted to Archdiocesan Office. 
7. Baseball (hardball) play begins in Divisional Leagues. 

11. Softball entries for Senior Class close. 
13. Archdiocesan Spelling and Arithmetic contests. 
20. Horseshoe Pitching entries close. 
21. Divisional Tennis Tournament begins. 
21. Softball play for Senior Class begins in Divisional 

Leagues. 
22. Softball play for Senior Class begins in Divisional 

Leagues. 

140 



June 

6. Meeting—Division One. 
6. Meeting—Division Three. 
6. Meeting—Division Four. 
6. Meeting—Fond du Lac Division. 
8. Meeting—Division Five—Racine. 
9. Meeting—Division Sixjjs-Kenosha. 
9. Model Airplane Flying Contest entries close. 

10. Meeting—Division Two. 
11. Archdiocesan Horseshoe Pitching Tournament. 
12. Archdiocesan Horseshoe Pitching Tournament. 
18. Archdiocesan Model Airplane Flying Contest. 
19. Softball play in Cadet and Junior Classes ends in Divi-

sional Leagues. 
20. Baseball (hardball) play ends in Divisional Leagues. 
25-26. Archdiocesan Baseball (hardball) Tournament. 
25-26. Archdiocesan Softball Tournament for Cadet and 

Junior Classes. 
30. Track entries close. 

July 

9. Archdiocesan Track Meet (tentative). 
10. Divisional Tennis Tournament ends. 
16. Archdiocesan Tennis Tournament (tentative). 
17. Archdiocesan Tennis Tournament (tentative). 
31. Softball play for Senior Class ends in Divisional Leagues. 

August 

6. Archdiocesan Softball Tournament for Senior Class. 
7. Archdiocesan Softball Tournament for Senior Class. 

141 



INDEX 

Achievement Awards, 133. 
Activities, 29. 

Athletic, 85; Cultural and, Ed-
ucational, 33; Hobbies, 55; 
Recreational, 91; Religious, 
30; Social, 51; Vocational 
Guidance, 68. 

Activity Classifications, 95. 
Advisers. 

Divisional, 20. 
Age Classifications, 3 and 95. 
Airplane Building, 61. 

Rules, 110. 
Airplane Flying, 111. 
Architectural Models, 64. 
Arithmetic Contest, 108. 
Art, 66. 

Clay Models, 67; Exhibit, 111; 
Painting, 67; Pen and Pencil 
Drawing, 66; Photography, 66. 

Athletic Activities, 85. 
Baseball, 89; Basketball, 86; 
Bowling, 90; Entry Dates, 97; 
Football, 86; Free Throwing, 
87; Horseshoe, 90; Minor 
Sports, 90; Softball, 89; Swim-
ming, 88; Table Tennis, 90; 
Tennis, 90; Track, 89; Wrest-
ling, 88. 

Athletic Director. 
Divisional, 20; Parish, 10. 

Autograph Collection, 58. 
Rules, 109. 

Awards, 131. 
Achievement, 133; Honorary, 
136; Membership, 132; Scor-
ing System, 134; Service, 136. 

Bands, 50. 
Baseball, 89. 

Rules, 122. 
Basketball, 86. 

Rules, 115. 
Boats, 61. 

Exhibit, 110. 
Botanial Collection, 59. 

Exhibit, 110. 
Bowling, 90. 

Rules, 114. 

Bows and Arrows, 65. 
Exhibit, 111. 

Calendar, 137. 
Career Booklet Contest, 112. 
Career Conferences, 78. 
Carving, 64. 
Catholic Youth Organization, 

6. 
Checkers, 91. 

Rules, 127. 
Chess, 91. 

Rules, 128. 
Chorus, 50. 
Clay Models, 67. 
Clubs. 

Band, 50; Choral, 50; Dra-
matic, 42; Hobby, 55; Liter-
ary, 45. 

Coaches, 11. 
Collections, 56. 

Autograph, 58; Botanical, 59; 
Stamp, 57; Zoological, 60. 

Committees. 
Parish, 12. 

Cultural and Educational 
Activities, 33. 

Debate, 35; Dramatics, 41; 
Entry Dates, 96; Essay, 46; 
Interpretation, 40; Literary 
Clubs, 45; Music, 50; One-Act 
Play, 43; Oratory, 38; Short 
Story, 48; Study Clubs, 33. 

Cultural Director. 
Divisional, 19; Parish, 9. 

Dancing, 54. 
Debate, 35. 

Question, 37; Rules, 103. 
Directors. 

Divisional, 19; Parish, 7. 
Division, 19. 

Band, 50; Board of Advisers, 
20; Chorus, 50; Directors, 19; 
Dramatic Club, 42; Guidance 
Activities, 79; Hobby Clubs, 
55; Literary Club, 45; Meet-
ings, 21; Membership, 21; Re-
ligious Activities, 31; Voting, 
21. 

142 



INDEX 

Dramatics, 41. 
Clubs, 42; General, 42; One-
Act Play, 43. 

Eligibility Rules, 99. 
Athletic, 113; Cultural, 101; 
Hobbies, 109; Recreational, 
127; Vocational Guidance, 112. 

Entry Dates, 96. 
Athletics, 97; Cultural, 96; 
Hobby, 96; Recreational, 98; 
Vocational Guidance, 97. 

Essay, 46. 
Rules, 106. 

Football, 86. 
Rules, 113. 

Free Throwing, 87. 
Rules, 116. 

Furniture, 65. 
Group Projects, 51. 
Hobbies, 55. 

Airplanes, 61; Architectural 
Models, 64; Art, 66; Auto-
graphs, 58; Boats, 61; Botani-
cal Collections, 59; Bows and 
Arrows, 65; Carving, 64; Clay 
Models, 67; Clubs, 55; Entry 
Dates, 96; Exhibit, 56 and 109; 
Furniture, 65; Home Work-
shop, 62; Leather Work, 63; 
Metal Work, 62; Model Build-
ing, 61; Painting, 67; Pen and 
Pencil Drawing, 66; Photog-
raphy, 66; Scroll Saw Work, 
64; Stamps, 57; Tin Work, 63; 
Woodwork, 64; Zoological 
Collections, 60. 

Hobby Director. 
Divisional, 19; Parish, 9. 

Holy Communion, 14. 
Home Workshop, 62. 

Exhibit, 111; Leather Work, 
63; Metal Work, 62; Tin 
Work, 63; Woodwork, 64. 

Honorary Awards, 136. 
Horseshoe Pitching, 90. 

Rules, 126. 
Institute. 

Vocational Guidance, 25. 

Interpretation, 40. 
Rules, 102. 

Introduction, 3. 
Leadership Training School, 

23. 
Leather Work, 63. 
Literary Activities, 45. 

Essays, 46; Literary Club, 45; 
Short Story, 48. 

Low Organized Games, 92. 
Mass Meet, 128. 
Meetings. 

Divisional, 21; Parish, 14. 

Membership. 
Divisional, 21; Parish, 13. 

Membership Awards, 132. 
Metal Work, 62. 
Model Building, 60. 

Airplanes, 61; Boats, 61. 

Music, 50. 
Band, 50; Chorus, iO. 

Officers. 
Divisional, 20; Parish, 12. 

One-Act Play, 43. 
Rules, 104. 

Oratory, 38. 
Rules, 101. 

Organization, 7. 
Organization Director, 19. 
Painting, 67. 
Parish, 7. 

Coaches, 11; Committees, 12; 
Directors, 7; Dues, 14; Guid-
ance Activities, 80; Holy Com-
munion and Meetings, 14; 
Meeting Outline, 15; Member-
ship, 13; Officers, 12; Parlia-
mentary Procedure, 16; Relig-
ious Activities, 30. 

Parliamentary Procedure, 16. 
Pen and Pencil Drawing, 66. 
Photography, 66. 

143 



Recreational Activities, 91. 
Checkers, 91; Chess, 91; Entry 
Dates, 98; Low Organized 
Games, 92. 

Regulations for Competitive 
Activities, 95. 

Age Classifications, 95; Entry 
Dates, 96; General Eligibility 
Rules, 99; Rules for Specific 
Activities, 101. 

Religious Activities, 30. 
Divisional, 31; Parochial, 31; 
Personal, 30. 

Rules. 
Athletic, M3; Cultural, 101; 
General Eligibility, 99; Hob-
bies, 109; Recreational, 127; 
Vocational Guidance, 112. 

Schools. 
Institute on Vocational Guid-
ance, 25; Leadership Training, 
23; Speech, 39; Study Club 
Leadership, 35. 

Scoring System for Merit 
Awards, 134. 

Scroll Saw Work, 64. 

Service Awards, 136. 
Short Story, 48. 

Rules, 107. 
Social Activities, 51. 

Dancing, 54; Group Projects, 
51; Social Gatherings, 53. 

Softball, 89. 
Rules, 122. 

Spelling Contest, 108. 
Spiritual Director. 

Divisional, 19; Parish, 8. 
Stamps. 

Collection, 57; Exhibit, 109. 

Study Clubs, 33. 

Swimming, 88. 
Rules, 117. 

Table Tennis, 90. 
Rules, 121. 

Tennis, 90. 
Rules, 125. 

Tin Work, 63. 

Track, 89. 
Rules, 124. 

Vocational Guidance, 68. 
Activities, 75; Principles, 72; 
Scope, 69; Specific Aims, 70. 

Vocational Guidance 
Activities, 75. 

Career Conference, 78; Con-
tests, 78; Correspondence, 78; 
Individual Counselling, 75; In-
dividual Testing, 77; Movies, 
77; Outline for Speakers, 82; 
Placement Service, 79; Radio 
Broadcasts, 78; Reading, 76; 
Religious Services, 75; Study 
Clubs, 76; Talks, 76; Tours, 
77; Tryout and Exploratory 
Experiences, 75. 

Vocational Guidance Director. 
Divisional, 20; Parish, 10. 

Vocational Guidance 
Institute, 25. 

Voting. 
Divisional, 21. 

Woodwork, 64. 

Wrestling, 88. 
Rules, 119. 

Zoological Collections, 60. 
Rules, 110. 

8 

144