REV. WILLIAM J. MANNING St. Anthony's Guild, Paterson, N.J. GUILD PAMPHLETS By Method C. Billy, O. F. M. Conv. Life in t h e Service By Maire Cotter A Mother and a Mystic at Home By Most Rev. Richard J. Cushing The Third Order in Our Day By William J. D oheny, C. S. C. Give U s This Day Our D a ily Bread By Very Rev. John J. Dougherty The Complete Catholic By Victor Elmer, O. F. M. By Felician Foy, O. F. M. St. B ernardin e of Siena Chris t and You , R edeemers By Rev. Rich a rd Ginder The Christian Nobility Life B egins a t Baptism P eace of Min d and H eart By F. J . Greiner , S. M. By Most Rev. W m . Griffin Mary's W ork in the World Veni, Sponsa Christi B y Ma rion A. H abig, O. F . M. Man of Peace St. Francis Solano Vico N ecchi Our Lady of the Highway B y Walter H ammon, O. F. M. The Power of Love By Rudolf Harvey, O. F. M. A N ew Birth of Freedom The Pursuit of Happiness This Nation under God Wha t I s Man? By Aug ustine P. H ennessy, C. P . God 's Trouba d our an d His Lady By Jeffrey K eefe , O. F. M. Con v. The Gospel Truth Miracles : F acts or Fantasies? By G. Krahe, O. F. M. Wha t the Mass I s for You By Giles Lawl or, O. F. M. Don' t B e Afraid T o Go to Confession B y J a mes M. Lineh an, O. F . M. A Liv ing Cru cifix B y Valentine L ong, O. F . M. The Eternal Cross F a lling Out of Love The Las t Su pper Every Day Mothers 'The Nobody Everybody Loves On Using the Brain The T roubled Mind The W ay Home Who B elieves in S in Any Mor e? Why Not T ake God' s Word for It ? Youth - Springtime of Love THOUGHTS FROM SAINT BONAVENTURE ABOUT THE MOTHER OF GOD by WILLIAM J. MANNING Priest of the ' Diocese of Bismarck St. Anthony's Guild Paterson, New Jersey Nihil obstat: Copyright, 1955, by St. Anthony's Guild THOMAS ]. DOLAN, ]. c. 1., Censor deputatus. Imprimatur: t LAMBERTUS A. HOCH, D. D., Episcopus Bismarckiensis. De Bismarck, die 25a iunii. 1955 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA To the Holy Spirit in loving memory of REVEREND PHILOTHEUS BOEHNER, O. F. M. who introduced the author to the depth and beauty of the Seraphic Doctor's writings. It was through Father Philotheus' encourage- ment, guidance and generosity that this work came into being. He was a dear friend - a true Father in Christ to more than one. He pleased God and was beloyed; and may those who loved him be consoled by the blessed truth that the souls of the just are in the hand of God. FOREWORD THE name of the Virgin Mother Mary springs forth so often in the writings of Saint Bonaventure that it appears well nigh a motif for his luminous exposition of Sacred Doctrine. The Seraphic Doctor knew well that Mary's name was shadowed with pro- found mystery; 1 hence we can assume that what he has written of it is the fruit of his most intimate and prayerful contemplation. Saint Bonaventure frequently bases his praise of the Blessed Virgin on the ancient interpretations of her simple and lovely name. Thus Mary is for him "Mare Amar- um," "Stella Maris," "Domina" - "Sea of J3itterness," "Star of the Sea," and finally and pre-eminently "Queen."2 Saint Bona- venture's considerations of our Mother pro- pose . three meditations which extend over the liturgical year. We will consider Mary in three of her most exquisite roles in the drama of our Redemption. First, we shall meet her at Calvary; then we shall await with her the' great Feast of Pentecost; finally, we shall reflect on the significance and won- der of her glorious Assumption into heaven, where the Godhead wills that she reign as Queen. This threefold consideration of the v Mother of God will enable us to meditate particularly on her singular love for each of the Divine Persons of the Most Blessed Trinity. * * * These Marian meditations are adapted from a series which originally appeared duro ing the Marian Year in The Cord, a Fran. ciscan spiritual review. The author is grate· ful to the editors of that publication for their kind permission to present this work in pam- phlet form. For the information of the reader it seems advisable to indicate the manner in which Sacred Scripture and Saint Bonaventure's writings have been used in this pamphlet. The Old Testament quotations have been taken from the Douay-Challoner version of the Bible; the New Testament from the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine Revi- sion. All Biblical quotations used in the booklet appear in italics. The definitive Quaracchi edition of Saint Bonaventure's Opera Omnia has been the basis for the translation of the Saint's mysti. cal writings in this pamphlet. Key references to the Seraphic Doctor's thoughts are shown by means of footnotes. When quotation VI marks are used in the main text, they indio cate an exact presentation of the material as Saint Bonaventure gives it. When quota- tion marks are not used in conjunction with material that is acknowledged in the footnote as deriving from Saint Bonaventure, the author has taken a thought from the Saint and developed it. The footnotes will espe- cially serve the reader who desires to go to the original sources, to enjoy in their fullness the beauty and depth of Saint Bonaventure's comprehension of the spiritual life. -W.].M. VII I SEEKING JESUS WITH MARY Sea of Bitterness Call me not Noemi (that is, beautiful), but call me Mara (tlrat is, bitter), for the Almighty hath quite filled me with bitterness. Ruth 1:20 CONCERNING Our Lady's first title-Sea of Bitterness - Saint Bonaventure counsels: "Be you also a sea of bitterness in your tears of contrition, that you may pour forth a flood of bitter sorrow for the sins you have committed; be a sea of bitterness that you may mourn from the depths of your being the good that you might have done but failed to realize; lastly, be a sea of bitterness that you may be pierced by the incessant recollection of the days you have neglected and lost."3 With Passiontide all the lovely depictions of Our Lady are veiled in our churches. Yet Holy Mother Church does not thereby imply that we are to forget Mary; rather, these veils are her invitation to turn within ourselves and with the eye of the soul to consider ~ell the great mystery of Christ's Passion and Death. It is Mary who leads us to a deeper appreciation of her Son's tragic end. Saint Bonaventure's first counsel, then, leads us to ponder the Sea of Bitterness and to beg of her a participation in her sor- row, that we may be purged of our past faults and cleansed of all our evil pro- pensities. With great courage and devotion we will attend and hear the lament of J eru- salem's daughter, through whose heart there passed the sword of Christ's Passion. She will lead us to embrace the Cross in penance and tears, lest we endeavor to compassionate her naked Son while yet clothed in the luxury of our own wills; lest while pitying the Crucified in His death-white pallor we be darkened with worldly satisfaction, pleasure, and comfort.4 The immediate prelude to Golgotha is the Via Dolorosa. It is on this narrow way that we first behold the sorrow-filled but sinless Mother of God silently weeping for her tom and bleeding Child. He, who knew nothing of sin, is on the way to pay the price of sin as it could never be given to another to pay; and it is she - the Sea of Bitt~rness - who 2 so compassionates Him in His suffering that it can be said that while He journeys up to Calvary, there to redeem us by the flow of His Precious Blood, she attends Him on the way, there to co-redeem us by the flow of her bitter tears. So beholding the tearful Virgin, we may pray: 0 Sorrowful Mother of Christ, give water to our heads, and a fountain of tears to our eyes, and we will weep day and night for the Lamb that goes to be sacrificed, and for you who met Him on the way. We, too, have met Him on the way, only to cower behind the jostling, jeering crowd. Yet you are there, the Valiant Woman, the shadow of the Cross resting heavily on your heart. You alone, with your Son, know the secret part we have played in His Passion; for how often we have fallen and how often we have arisen to show ourselves still hypocrites of sin. We have assiduously sought the way of virtue, but only insofar as to appear virtuous in the eyes of men. Well does Saint Bona- venture remind us, grief-stricken Virgin, that we have only feigned to follow you, so deep within do we fear to wrench ourselves from ourselves. We pretend your humility - yet how smug we are; we pretend your kind- ness - how merciless we ar~; we pretend 3 your meekness - how rebellious we are; we pretend your devotion - how sanctimonious we are; we pretend your generosity - how niggardly we are; we pretend your temper- ance - how avaricious we are; we pretend your chasteness-how wanton we are.5 These are our failings, our leanings, 0 Sorrowful Virgin, and they must be purged in the sea of your bitter tears; that sea of sweet bitter- ness which permits not the slightest stain of sin to survive its waters;6 wherein is mirrored the Passion of your Son by which we are redeemed. Take the hands of your children now, 0 Mary of the Sorrowful Way, and touch them to His Cross, that that same Cross may free us of all our evil inclinations. Let our tears mingle with the Precious Blood that already trickles down the furrows of that holy wood. We do not hear the shouting rabble, for we have grown hard of hearing; we do not see the milling, mocking mob, for our eyes have failed with weeping. What have they for us, 0 Woman, who see only Jesus and you! We cannot speak, but only weep and beg you to understand that we would thus compassionate with you your Son's derision. Grant that we may hate our sins, not alone for their indes~ribable iniquity but even more 4 because of the part they have taken in bringing about the terrible torments of your Son. May this picture of your meeting along the way encourage us forever to embrace discipline, lest we crucify again for ourselves the Son of God and make His a mockery with this cruel crowd. We have seen enough, 0 Virgin, and therefore is our heart sOHowful; therefore are our eyes become dim. The way is now made known to us wherein we should walk, and we will no more make excuses in our sins. Mary, we love you, for you have poured out your heart like water before the face of the Lord, . . . in the beginning of the watches for us: now lift up your hands to Him for us, for ... your little children, that have fainted for hunger at the top of the Via Dolorosa. Pray that this Blessed Tree may be cast into the waters made bitter by our penances, so that henceforth from within us there shall flow rivers of living water. Secondly, Saint Bonaventure would have • us become a sea of bitterness in our tears of contrition, that we may mourn from the very depths of our being the good we might have done but failed to realize. For by neglecting opportunities to increase in virtue, we again increased the sufferings of Christ's 5 Passion, and laid the chastisement of our peace . .. upon Him. Well then are we dis- turbed in contrasting our neglect' to the at- tention of the Sorrowful Mother, who, weep- ing, has wept in the night, and her tears are on her cheeks: there is none to comfort her among all them that were dear to her. Her eyes have sent forth springs of water, because we have not kept the law of her Son; because He who has borne our infirmities, and carried our sorrows has be- come despised, ... a leper; while we, settled in comfort, loathe the necessity of mortifica- tion and discipline. What price our neglect, our comfort, that it should be requited in Him who was wounded for our iniquities and bruised for our sins. Were we to stand on Calvary and see the grossness of the scene as it actually took place, there is no doubt but that we should faint at the first blow that battered the fair face of Christ as He was measured to the Cross; at the first clang of the mallet's requiem toll as it drove the nails through His hands and feet and fixed them to His bloody throne; at the first creak of the wood as the Tree of the world's Redemption was planted in the ground, in order that the Root of Jesse might become an ensign of the 6 people. 0 God, what men are we to fear to meditate each tragic happening on that hill- would that our sins froze us so icily! Mary stands there, weeping but not wailing, her heart turned within her, full of bitter- ness; standing for all of us who, in the per- son of one or the other of the intimates of the Master, have failed with trembling to follow Him to the end. Have we not often, like them, tasted His goodness and sweet· ness: the . thousands fed bread; the guests at Cana; the lame, the blind and the deaf; the sinners forgiven? But more than these, and sorrow of sorrows, only one who sat at the Supper and ate the Bread is at the Cross. Where are they? Where are we? We cry to her: 0 daughter of Jerusalem, to what shall I equal thee, that I may com- fort thee in this sad hour? She answers not, for the irony of our words is that she is to comfort us. The first and last and only word spoken by her Son to the Mother of Jesus throughout the Passion makes her our Mother. Her heart so close to breaking would not bear that loving word, and for this reason Jesus says: Woman, behold thy son. But to the disciple: Behold thy Mother. This word completes her sorrows. Who is this John, and who are we whom he repre- 7 sents, in exchange for her Son, Jesus? Mary is emptied, and now becomes so poor that she is nothing - absolutely nothing! This is how she becomes everything to us. How can it be otherwise? Her Son gave all, even to the last drop of His Precious Blood; can Mary then reserve anything of herself? This is poverty of spirit, preciously complete, com- pletely precious. Although not able to ap- proach the sufferings and emptiness of her Son, nevertheless the Mother has given all that she could give for Him. No other mother, regardless of her love, ever gave, gives, or will give as Mary gave for her Son; no other mother, regardless of her anguish, ever knew, knows, or will know, sufferings to compare with these. This love - this suffering? A mystery beyond our most pro- found comprehension. Saint Bonaventure somehow found the secret of imitating Mary on Calvary, and with characteristic brevity and loftiness of phrase he gives it to us as: "Cor in cruce- crux in corde!"7 This is to say that Mary's heart throughout all the Passion, through every moment on Calvary's hill, pulsated in constant unison with the throb of her Son's heart. God knows, by that very fact, that the Cross has pierced no heart, nor will it 8 ever, as it pierced Mary's. Because Mary's heart was on the Cross, and because the Cross was in her heart, the last of Simeon's sorrows becomes the crown of the martyrdom of the Queen of Martyrs. Into Thy hands I commend My spirit! Je~us is dead! The earth is dark, for the Orient has burned out for man. The soldiers have had their sport, and are too sated now to taunt the little group that re- mains by the Cross. The two Marys and the beloved disciple are dazed and deadened, so blunted their senses are by the sight .of the tom and battered Body hanging from the crimsoned wood above them. We have failed so often in ~ur small participation in bringing the fruits of the Redemption to souls, but Mary does not fail. Now that it is over, she does not quiver, or retire, or moan. Joseph and Nicodemus appear on the crest of the little hill bearing their linens and ladder, and with soft-spoken words of deference seek Mary's approval of the burial plans. From the arms of the Cross the sacred and lifeless form of her Son is lowered into her loving outstretched arms. She washes each wound with her tears, em- bracing and kissing her Child times un- 9 numbered before surrendering Him to the disciples. The tragic day is spent and the little group must move down to Jerusalem. One artist has touchingly captured the Return with the Woman of Sorrows supported by the arms of the beloved disciple and the holy women. Affecting as the picture is, there does not seem to be any tradition demanding our assent to the artist's impres- sion. Perchance that is how they did return ; perchance, too, and more probably, it was Mary who gathered the pathetic little group together and it was she who guided their faltering steps back to the Holy City. Such does not seem incongruous, for when her Jesus died on the Cross the last dregs of bitterness welled forth from Mary's Im- maculate Heart. She was filled now with joy and love. Mary knew above all that all things . .. written by the prophets concern- ing the Son of Man had been accomplished. She knew that this sacred and precious Death had conquered sin; she knew that this merciful and saving Death had opened heav- en to all. 8 Because she understood the pur- pose of this death, it was uniquely in keep- ing with her role in the Passion that she 10 should become the Mother of all the sorrow- ing, the sweet "Consolatrix afHictorum" -and the return from Calvary already necessitated that the afHicted should know her comfort. So she sends us forth with mourning and weeping, to learn the horror of our ways in her Son's Passion; yet she knows all the while that the Lord will bring us back to her with joy and gladness !oreyer; for the bruised reed He will not break, and smoking flax He will not quench. God alone knows the uncounted souls that have resolutely turned to Him from sin and begun to do good be- cause of one last glance, one last hope, in the Sea of Bitterness. Our tears are truly bitter, and well may we be pierced by the incessant recollection of the days we have neglected and lost, as Saint Bonaventure counsels us lastly. Yet this same recollection is a source of great hope to those who love the Virgin Mother. For if we have neglected to compassionate her Son, we may still now learn from the Sea of Bitterness one great lesson, and that lesson is filled with holy hope. We learn from her that the Cross must wound and break our hard hearts, in order that they may send forth their torrent of tears. But when we are emptied of ourselves by the cleansing 11 virtue of the Cross, we know the meaning of the hymn with which we salute that same Cross on Good Friday, and it truly becomes for us "Dulce Lignum" - the Sweet Wood by which our wounds are healed. As for the well left emptied by our tears, that, says Saint Bonaventure, will be filled to over· flowing by the rain of graces which Jesus pours on us through Mary.9 Proving our· selves now with these tears of repentance, we may know that we have recompensed our Saviour as best we can, and thus we may look more confidently to that day of blessed expectation when God will wipe away every tear from our eyes. And death shall be no more; neither shall there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain any more, for the former things have passed away. II SEEKING THE HOLY SPIRIT WITH MARY Our second meditation happily leads us to the great Feast of Pentecost. There is much profit for us to reap in considering the Mother of God in her unique and mysti. cal role as Spouse of the Holy Spirit. Saint Bonaventure's second interpretation of Our 12 Lady's name reveals her particularly as an exemplar for us who seek to carry the Spirit as a pledge in our hearts, for it was given to no other wayfarer on this earth to shine with the brightness of eternal light as did the Immaculate Virgin, who was all radiant from the manifold graces of the Spirit of God. Star of the Sea 1 am the Mother of fair lo'Ve, and of fear, and of knowledge, and of holy hope. In me is all grace of the way and of the truth; in me is all hope of life anrJ of 'Virtue. Come o'Ver to me, all ye that desire me, and be filled with my fruits. - Ecclus. 24:24-26 The first great chime of heaven's Angelus announcing that the Holy Spirit had hovered over a youthful Virgin, overshadowing her with the power of the Most High, has echoed down the ages, keying a melody that sings from the carilloned hearts of Christendom even to this moment. This, because the Maiden of Nazareth had so perfectly co- operated with the workings of divine life in her soul that God raised her up over the sea 13 of Christian souls to sparkle as the great Star above that sea. Thus exalted, she is more beautiful than the sun, and above all the order of the stars: being compared with light, she is found before it! She is more beautiful than the sun, because her soul magnified with blazing willingness the designs of God for her; she is above all the order of stars, that is, above all the elect of God, because with benign meekness, which is the soul of nobility, she softly sang that her lowliness had been regarded; being compared with light, she is found before it, because with manifestly luminous wisdom her soul found its only joy in God her Saviour.lO No wonder, then, that Saint Bonaventure envisions the Star of the Sea as our Illumina- trix, to whom we must pray with great devo- tion if we are to be illumined and become ourselves as lights shining in God's Church on PentecostY It is with great confidence, then, that we beseech her in her Litany; Stella Maris, ora pro nobis! - Star of the Sea, pray for us - because your thoughts are more vast than the sea, and your counsels more deep than the great ocean on which we are tossed. Give us to share in your thoughts; grant us the grace of your counsel, as you granted it to the first Christians gathered 14 about you in the Upper Room a~aiting the Flame sent from heaven; for we know that you have not labored for yourself only, but for all that seek out the truth. Teach us, Mother of God, that we may become lights illumined by the power of the Holy Spirit. Teach us to shine with lucid love, that by the goodness of our association men may truly love God. Teach us to burn with flaming faith, that the virtue of our fulfilling the obligations of holy religion may lead men to believe in God. Teach us to glow with holy hope, that we may encourage men to hope confidently in GodY We ask these graces of the Paraclete, through you, because you are the Mother of fair love, and of knowledge and of holy hope, shining gloriously in the firmament of heaven; be- cause you were wrought in the grace of the Holy Spirit poured forth. Saint Bonaventure would first have us be- come a light in the goodness of our associa- tion with our fellow men. To accomplish this we must show all who behold us that the charity of God is truly poured forth in our hearts by the Holy Spirit who has been given to us. Mary teaches us that love; for her soul was so inflamed by the Fire of Love brought forth by the Holy Spirit who over- 15 shadowed her, that nothing save the Divine Power could sustain her. The ardor of her love fans that of the flaming seraphs who hover around the throne of God.13 o chosen Tabernacle of the most pure Spirit of Love, give us to reflect on the end- less hours you spent in prayer and medita- tion, striving ever to return love for love. How often our prayers are mechanical mut- terings, our meditations mere worldly preoc- cupations which smother rather than enkindle the grace of the Holy Spirit which has been poured forth in us. How often we oppose the Holy Spirit by conduct which is far from upright, and by words which kill rather than encourage, thus dimming the light of love which should beam forth from us as a beacon to those who walk through the world seeking in us a ray of love to guide them into the harbor of Holy Church. How often we are engaged in making great dis- plays of love, by which we pretend to hate all that would separate us from holy things, when actually our pseudo-love is nothing but a self-righteous desire to reform others. How often we pretend to love in little things, not caring for the really great obstacles that we ourselves have laid on the path leading to our sanctification.14 16 Teach us, then, Mother of Fair Love, to appreciate the great gifts which are all about us, which seeing we see not - the miracle of our Redemption, renewed before our eyes each morn; the wonders of creation, free and pure, unlittered by the trash that mars the beauty of the world; the gift of our voca· tion, which means that we have been named by God as His ambassadors; the promise of our Resurrection, which means that this mortal body ... puts on immortality. We do not love sufficiently, because we are ingrates; because we fail to realize the priceless worth of God's gifts to us.15 Do thou, our Mother, pray for us, that this Pentecost we may be filled with holy l~ve, and that our gratitude may impart itself to all with whom we associate. Grant that henceforth we may open wide our hearts in fraternal love to the needs and sufferings of all with whom we cotne into contact, that as the Spirit of God is Father to our poverty, so we may love to aid His poor; that as He is the Giver of gifts to us, so we may love to give ourselves to the friendless; as He is the Light of our hearts, so we may love to illumine the ignorant; as He is our rich Comforter, so we may love to console the saddened and oppressed; as H e is the gracious Guest of 17 our souls, so we may love to welcome all who turn to us; as He is our Refuge, so we may love to care for the helpless and miserable. May we become guiding lights to all who are lost on the vast ocean of this world, leading them into the safe harbor of Holy Church, under the heartening beam of your light, o Star of the Sea! Secondly, Saint Bonaventure would have us become a light by the virtuous fulfillment of the obligations of holy religion, thus lead. ing men to believe in God. In considering this counsel of the Seraphic Doctor, we do well to recall the preface to the history of Holy Church. It is written in the few, yet intensely significant words that after Christ's death all, with one mind, continued stead· fastly in prayer with ... Mary, the Mother of Jesus. The words reveal the longing that filled the hearts of the first followers of Christ, and we cannot reflect enough upon the fact that they were gathered around the Bride of the Holy Spirit, waiting in prayer, until suddenly there came a sound from heaven, as of a violent wind blowing, which filled the whole house where they were sit- ting. And there appeared to them parted tongues as of fire, which settled upon each of them. And they were all filled with the 18 Holy Spirit. Lo! thus the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father has sent in Jesus' name, is visibly manifested in the in- fant Church. The happenings of the first Pentecost are still so vivid that the whole world is yet aglow with the fiery coming of its Sanctifier. The reign of the Holy Spirit began, and it has not ended, nor will it end, until the last whose name is written in the book of life of the Lamb is gathered into the New Jerusalem. As of old the Spirit of God moved over the waters of the earth, so this very day, and every day, He breathes out His spirit of holiness into the Church. This is a glorious mystery, the coming of the Holy Spirit; and she who was there is better able to illumine us with its significance than any other; for the advent of the Holy Ghost especially manifested the singular place of the Mother of God in the Church. We may ask of her, the Mother of fear, and of knowledge, fear which will strengthen us to fulfill our religious duties, and knowledge which will make us firm believers of every revealed truth. o glorious Virgin, the words of the ancients are on our lips: Now therefore pray for us, for thou art a holy woman! Pray for us in order that we obtain from the 19 Holy Spirit grace and wisdom: wisdom to know the truth, and grace to do the truth. Weare dull and lazy, and we need your intercession, good Lady, that through your prayers we may be constant in imploring the divine aid of the Spirit, who will teach us to relish, and delight in, all things having to do with God.16 Beholding you, we are abashed at our small knowledge of things divine, and our willingness to compromise the little we know, fearing lest we upset the fictitious prudence of our times, or lest we ourselves be upset. Grant us to savor the fruits of the vision that was yours on the first Pentecost when, filled with the Holy Spirit, twelve poor mortals like ourselves went forth and preached Christ with such courage and conviction that the true faith was made known to men from every nation under heaven. Give us to speak with solid and firm assertion that, having heard us speak, no man may excuse himself by in- credulity, nor be led by us to hesitate in the things of faith. 17 Mother of God, your venerable place in Holy Church is not least among the truths which separate us from false brethren. Lying men shall not be mindful of you, but men that speak truth shall . be found with you, 20 and shall ad'Vance, e'Ven till they come to the sight of God. Grant us ever to stand proud of our faith in you, for it is the Spirit Him- self whom we await who has inhabited our hearts and enkindled in them such great devotion for you. He has made you our love and our Mother.ls We come to you now, your children, your Magdalenes and your Johns, and implore you to obtain for us a great love for each and every truth of our faith; great courage in defending the faith against ridicule and falsehood; great strength in propagating the faith among all the nations. Let your sublime and secret sanctification inform us that the Holy Spirit is most desirable because He shares with us the abundance of His grace; most delightful because He communicates to us His glory; most refreshing because He fills our desires with His presence; most noble because He makes us partakers of His nature; most efficacious because He strengthens us in His power. Grant us to know, 0 Lady of the Cenacle, that He who filled the hearts of the Apostles with the abundance of Himself is the same Vivifier who pierces our intellects, inflames our affections, directs our intentions, enlightens our understanding, and makes 21 known to us hidden things even as He did for them.19 Keep ever before our minds and hearts the precious verity that the manifesta- tion of the Spirit has been given to us for profit. Saint Bonaventure's last admonition is that we become a light by encouraging men confidently to hope in God. The glorious Virgin, styled the Mother of Holy Hope, in whom is all hope of life and of virtue, is refulgent with this eminent virtue. She it is through whom God showers down the sweet dew of courage, confidence, and consolation which falls into every comer of this parched earth where the hearts of men lie open to the grace of God. In addressing her, we invoke her aid not only for ourselves, great though our need, but for all her children who need their Mother, and know her not. o Mother of Good Hope, in whom the Holy Spirit fulfilled the expectation of Israel, show us how to cultivate the Spirit as a pledge in our hearts. In thinking about you may we come to perfect understanding of the disappointments and heartaches which like thorns and briers come up in this life to entangle our efforts. In our watching for you, may we meet you and quickly be secure when the ways 22 are made desolate under our feet. Meet us with all providence ... in the ways of life's journey and turn our eyes to Jerusalem, the rich habitation of heaven where we are destined to abide forever. Give us, Star of the Sea, the holy hope of gladness in our hearts when the land of our soul is desolate and impassable. Teach us to rejoice in the wilderness of this world when men are small and mean and contemptible to us. Pray that holy hope may grow in us during this season of Fire, 0 Immaculate Virgin, flour- ishing as the lily. Help us to tell all what Pentecost means: that the waters are broken out in the desert, and streams in the wilder- ness. And that which was dry land shall become a pool; and the thirsty land, springs of water. Turn to us all, Mother of God; strengthen ye the feeble hands; confirm the weak knees. Say to the fainthearted, " Take courage, and fear not." Let the eyes of the blind be opened, unstop the ears of the deaf, let the lame . .. leap as harts, free the tongue of the dumb. Tell us all that God Himself is coming and that He will save us! W hatever our failings, however many our falls, however miserable our fervor, point out to us now the most generous Spirit who comes to impart to the young visions of 23 greater strength and virtue, and to the old, dreams of promise for a life well lived. Impress deep in our hearts joy that the Church of God is filled today with holy hope, even as it was filled with the consola- tion of the Holy Spirit in its infancy. Instruct us concerning the three offices of the Paraclete which particularly fill us with holy hope. Lead us to the Divine Physician who is possessed of eminent knowledge in both the spiritual and corporal arts, even as Ezechiel spoke of Him: Come, Spirit, ... and blow upon these slain, and let them live again. We desperately need this Physician who is so learned that He vivifies the spirit- ually and physically dead, healing all wounds with neither knife nor drug, curing only with a word - His gracious: So be it! Be- seech Him, Star of the Sea, to raise us from the death blow of sin with the healing art of grace, for we know that just as our bodies are dead without our souls, our souls are dead without this Spirit. Bring us to the Divine Teacher, who is endowed with eminent wisdom which will instruct our ignorance. We know that He is the only Font of knowledge, and without Him we 24 can never understand the truths of faith. When we long for illumination in the study of things sacred, show us the words of Wisdom: I wished, and understanding was gi'Ven to me; and I called upon God and the Spirit of Wisdom came upon me. Pray that this same Spirit may reveal Himself to us as the King whose treasury abounds with overwhelming riches, with which He will fill our emptiness even as He filled the emptiness of the Apostles, and sent them forth filled with the Holy Spirit. Such are our desires to become lights of the Holy Spirit, who overshadowed the Handmaid of the Lord in Nazareth, filling her with such goodness that the Handmaid of the Lord in the heavens shines as the Star of the Sea, being transformed into His 'Very image from glory to glory, as through the Spirit of the Lord. In love, and with firm faith and hope we pray to this Virgin, that with faces unveiled, we may on Pente- cost morn reflect as in a mirror the glory of the Lord - the Holy Spirit, our Sanc- tifier. Our prayer will be heard, and we will become great lights of love and faith and hope, if we but continue steadfastly in prayer 25 with . .. Mary, the Mother of Jesus, and with His brethren! III SEEKING OUR FATHER WITH MARY Our last Marian meditation based on the writings of the Seraphic Doctor Saint Bona- venture brings us to the month in which we sing of the Mother of God - "Mary ever Virgin has been taken to heaven," there to reign as Queen, a crown of gLory in the hand of the Lord, and a royaL diadem in the hand of . .. God.20 There are many facets to Our Lady's queenship, and that displayed by Saint Bonaventure in his third interpretation of her name is particularly pointed to our age. Queen of Virgins For she is a 'Vapor of the power of God, and a certain pure emanation of the gLory of the ALmighty God: and there- fore no defiLed thing cometh into her. For she is the brightness of eternaL Light, and the unspotted mirror of God's majesty, and the image of His goodness. - Wisdom 7:25-26 Saint Bonaventure proposes that we best imitate our Blessed Mother as Queen if we 26 ourselves become rulers. Rulers of our senses, our passions, our every thought, in order that we may act according to the dictates of reason, thus obtaining our own salvation and the edification of our neighbor; for it is by so acting that we indicate our desire for, and merit the praise and glory of, God Himself.2l It would seem that we best ap- preciate Saint Bonaventure's tripartite ad- monition if we consider it directed to what for him was the virtue of virtues - holy purity, which is the first pillar which needs be raised by any soul that would make itself a temple of God. Indeed it is impossible in his mind to attempt the work of sanctifica- tion without this virtue.22 Saint Bonaventure's words are particularly meaningful to us if we but recall that our holy Father Francis had uncommon care for that purity which should be maintained in both the inner and the outer man. It is deeply significant, too, that the place which Saint Francis loved more than any other place on this earth, the precious Portiuncula- Saint Mary of the Angels - was built up by him and chosen as the ~pot to begin, perfect, and co~summate his mission on this 27 earth, precisely because of his reverence for the heavenly messengers of purity, and espe- cially because of his burning love for the all-pure Mother of God.23 If the most beau- tiful title which our Saint confers on his and our Father is Amator castitatis -lover of chastity - we know that in giving us the Queen of Heaven as the model of purity, Saint Bonaventure does no more than convey to us the wish of our Seraphic Father also for chastity on the part of his brethren. If the flame of holy purity has grown dim in these our cold days, it is because we do not appreciate deeply enough the brilliant example given us in Mary's being taken up to heaven to be its Queen. And it is particularly the Franciscan heritage to see that her emblem, the fleur-de-lis, is em- blazoned on the standard of the world, for she alone is the Lily of this Valley. It is our sacred duty and seraphic trust to re- awaken the hearts of men to the salient truth that the Flower of manhood, Jesus Christ, stemmed forth from the virginal womb of her who this day is led to the throne of heav- en, a most beautiful Virgin .24 Without in any way depreciating the honest efforts of sincere men and women who 28 seek to free men's minds from illness, it is up to us to tell the victims of the un- scrupulous to rise from the analyst's couch with its plush enticements for releasing the libido to false love, and to ' get down on their knees and release their hearts to true Love. It is for us to silence the disgraceful din of a world gone mad with egos and libidos, and intone the litanied praises of her who reveals the thoughts of many hearts to God alone. This charge becomes more real to us if we but realize that the silent but centuried motto of Franciscanism is "amor," and love cannot be but it proceeds from a pure heart.25 The world is waiting for us, and God knows that we need have no fear in coming to it. All the world is crying for its Mother - its Queen - to whom it can pour forth its heart. The very evil of the day proves this beyond doubt. If woman is today glorified as a goddess it is only because man is searching for that woman who is the Mother of God. In going to the world with the message of purity, Saint Bonaventure would have us prepare ourselves well lest we be contam- inated by the very vice we are commissioned 29 to destroy. For him our hearts are our homes, our castles, but it is the castle that is well fortified that does not have to fear attack. And what is the fortification of our hearts? The wall of chastity and continence, enclosing and defending the heart against the unceasing and bitter onslaught of Satan.26 In a word, Saint Bonaventure re- minds us that our love is totally God's, and nothing - above all, love - is able to come near to God unless it be pure. Nothing· so unites us to God as the love of purity, and it is because she was all-pure that our Mother, Mary, was so especially and singu- larly loved by God.27 Even as there was nothing between the heart of Mary and the heart of God, so there can be nothing of this world between the heart of those who invoke her as Queen and the heart of the King for whom she rules.28 It is in imitat- ing Mary, then, that the Franciscan heart becomes a true heart of love; and its love will bum and beckon to men precisely and only insofar as it is fed on the fuel of holy purity. The cry of the world is the glorification of the human body, and the human body will be glorified, but only according to God's 30 design in eternity. The assumption and en- thronization of Our Lady in heaven is a great reminder to us of this eternal design. Today she is all-refulgent with the gdTments of salvation, only because on earth she was chaste enough to become the incomprehen- sible Vessel of Election, beautiful enough for even God to take humanity onto Himself therein. She is the Lily of the Valley, the Mystical Rose, only because the garden of her soul was cultivated in purity. She is the Queen of Heaven only because she reigned totally for God on this earth. Realizing this, we may pray to her with all our hearts: o Virgin, Queen of the Order of Friars Minor, give us to be saints by following you, heaven's Glorious Virgin, in the holiness of purity, and the purity of holiness. Give us to know that in following you we shall become precious to God - saints; and in following the world we are only made chil- dren of Eve - evil and vile.29 Guide us in keeping the will of our Father in heaven, and let us forsake not the law of you, our Mother - that we may be all-chaste and beautiful in the eyes of heaven and earth. Open your lips now to the sons of men, for we would hear you speak of the great 31 things which lie in store for the clean of heart. As all your words are just, and there is nothing wicked nor perverse in them, give us holy tongues that our mouths may medi- tate truth and our lips hate wickedness. Give us the pure words of your Magnificat, on our lips and in our hearts when we are before men, and turn us from any com- promise, any word, with the serpent who enticed poor Eve in Paradise. Let us realize the venomous effect of unchaste words and vain babblings which rot the heart of speaker and listener alike.30 0 most upright among all women, who hatest every wicked way, deliver us from any speech which be- trays a double tongue, corrupting and cor- roding the most pure vessel which God would have us to be. Mother most pure, give us learned thoughts in which you are present to over- come the temptations which beset us. Teach us that evil thoughts are an abomination to God Himself, who thinks concerning us only thoughts of peace, and not of affliction. Give us to know that by thinking on you and God, who so triumphantly willed your glori- fication in heaven, we can conquer all the 32 wiles of Satan. Lead us to follow in the path that you have traced to heaven, keeping in mind all the good and beautiful things said of you, ever pondering them in our hearts. Mother most chaste, show us the beauty of giving the very substance of our being for love of God, and teach us to despise it as nothing. Under your patronage may we cast off all the subtle and not-50-subtle in- fluences of the world, which insidiously draw us away from integrity. Let us inspire great love among our people for your singular purity, so that once again a great legion of Mary-men and -women, may fall behind the ensign that leads to heaven. Pattern our hearts according to your own Immaculate Heart, that they may be all-embracive, totally inclusive, as they go out to reconcile men to God. With your seal upon our hearts, they will be closed to all encroachments; with your seal upon our arms, may men know us for what we are - friends of God, made such by you. Teach us, in the fight against the allurements of the world and of the devil, that love is truly strong as death--and death immeasurably preferable to compro- mising the angels' very boast-purity. 33 Finally, 0 Queen of our Order, give us to shine with Seraphic candor before all men, that they may know that the lamps of our hearts are fed with the flames of blissful dedication to your singularly lovely virtue, and the virtue that you singularly love. Guided by you, 0 Queen of the Universe, may we, on that day appointed for us to fall asleep, come to that }erusdlem whose streets are all pd'Ved with the white md clem stones of the chdSte generdtion and awaken to your smile - who so loved us here on earthY 34 REFERENCES For the convenience of the reader, who may wish to refer to the skeleton thoughts of these meditations in the writings of the Seraphic Doctor, the following citations are offered. The Roman numerals within paren- theses refer to volume numbers of the definitive edition of Saint Bonaventure's Opera Omnia, popularly known as the Quaracchi Edition, and the arabic numbers with letters which follow refer to the page and column of the particular volume. 1 Comm. Evgl. Lc., c. 1, n. 45 (VII 22a). 2 Ibid. Cf. also, D e Purif. B. M. V, sermo 2 (IX 640b-641a) 3 De V Fes/iv., Festiv. 2 (VIII 91b). 4 D e Dom. infra Ocl. Epiph., sermo 1 (IX 172b). 5 De Epiph, sel'mo 1 (IX 150b-151a). 6 D e P1Irif. B. M. V., sermo 1 (IX 641a). 7 Laudis de S. Crtlce, Opusc. 7, Rhyth. V. 4 (VIII 667a). 8 Rhythmica De Sept em Verbis D omini in Cruce, Opusc. Dubia 7, Rhyth. III (Oratio ad Verb. Sept.) - (VIII 676b) . 9 De Nativ . B.M.V., sermo 3 (IX 713a). 10 D e Assump. B. V . M., sermo 2 (IX 691a ) . 11 D e Purif. B. M. V., sermo 2 (IX 640b). 12 D e V Fesliv., Festiv. 2 (VIII 91 b) . 13 D e Vigilia Na/iv., sermo 11 (IX 98b). 14 III Pent., sermo 9 (IX 342a ) . 15 I bid. ( 342b). 16 De Donis S. S., collatio 6 (V 483a). 35 17 Sermones Seleeti, sermo 1 (V 537b) . 18 Sent. III, d. 3, p. 1, a. 1, q. 1 (III 64ab). 19 In Pent., sermo 6 (IX 336b-37a). 20 D e Assumpt. B. M . V., sermo 5 (IX 699b). 21 De V Pestiv., Festiv. 2 (VIII 91b). 22 D e D onis S. S. , collatio 9 (V 501a). 23 Legenda S. Franeisei, c. 2, par. 8 (VIII 509a) . 24 D e A nn. B. M . V ., sermo 2 (IX 660ab). 25 Sent. II, d. 38, dub. 2 (II 895a). 26 D e Sanetis, de S. Bm·tholomaeo, Ap. (IX 572a) . 27 Ibid., D e Sanete Agnete, V. et M ., sermo 1 (IX 503a) . 28 D e A ssumpt. B. M. V ., sermo 5 (IX 695a). 29 D e D onis S. S., collatio 6 (V 485b). 30 Ibid., collatio 9 (V 502a). 31 Opus II, Soliloquium, c. 4 (VIII 62a). 36 GUILD PAMPHLETS By Cuthbert Malone, O. F. M. St. Paschal Baylon By Most Rev. Timothy Manning T he Grey Ox (Junipero Serra) By Rev. Wm. Manning By Rev. C. J. McCarthy Thoughts from St. Baptism Bonaventure about Boy Wanted the Mother of God By Boniface McConville, O. F. M. Peace for Troubled Souls A Picture of t he Man By Owen F. McCormack, O. F. M. The Catholic Family By Noel F. Moholy, O. F. M. Our Last Chance By Very Rev. James H. Murphy The Bread of Life The Church Matrimony When You Go to Confession Who Are Catholics? By Rev. John L. Murphy By A. Nimeth, O. F. M. Life Values of the Mass St. Francis and the Eucharist By M. Noe, O. F. M. Cap. By Eric O'Brien, O. F. M. St. Bonaventure Apostle of California By Isidore O'Brien, O. F. M. Blessed Are the Clean of Heart Brides of Christ Christ the Physician The Chu rch Our Mother Compensation Hands L et Us Look at Life Light of the Cross Loneliness and Con solation Lord, Teach Us to Pray Meaning of Christmas Member for Member Our Dead Our Father The Plain T ruth Resignation (also in French) St. Anthony St. J oseph Sculpturing Truth Shadow of the Cross Soldiers of Christ T en Commandments of Reason The Third Order The Parables (4 pts.) The Sacraments (2 pts.) By Rev. John A. 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