· z.t.JO 4~ ) ,.j ,j ~ 'r..---J.lT' _ I D\)~Y 1.~ COURSE FOR HOME READING The 31 History of the Christian Era Catholic Publication Society of America and 33 East 27th Street, New York City VOL UlVIE VII The Lives and Times of the Popes ~~~ 1 When Benedict XIV. was asked whether he would accept the ponti- ficate, how did he reply? 5.* 2 Upon what date was he solemnly crowned in the Vatican Basilica? 5. 3 Soon after his accession, to what did this Pope turn his attention? 7. 4 How did he declare himself to Roman prelates regarding study? 7. 5 To that end, what four academies did Benedict establish? 7. 6 When did Charles VI. die? 9. 7 Soon after his death, how did his daughter, Maria Teresa, encroach upon the rights of the Holy See? 9. 8 In some Christian countries, at this period, how had abuses crept in upon the validity of marriages? 10. 9 With what words did the Pope remind the judges of their duly? 10. 10 How did Benedict XIV. confirm the constitution of Clement XI? 10. 11 What is ascribed to this Pontiff with regard to his vast erud ition? 13. 12 Upon what subject did Philip.Y. make a decree? 13. 13 How did this prince decide, pro and con, respecting the J esuits? 14. 14 In a brief to the bishops and missionaries of the Indian peninsula, what did the Holy Father confirm? 15. 15 Who was victorious at Fontenoy? 18. *Number following quest-ion ind'icates page where answer can be found. D1edRflad 2 Course for Home Study 2 16 How did Charles Edward, son of James, endeavor to regain his rights in Great Britain? 18. 17 With what success did he meet at first? 18. 18 Who, defeating him at Culloden, crushed the Jacobite party? 18. 19 With whom did Benedict XIV. conduct a correspondence? 18. 20 How did His Holiness reply to a criticism of this great writer's work? 19. 21 In what manner did he write to the Pope? 20. 22 From time to time, why did disturbances break out 111 Syria ? 21. 23 What English prince did Benedict create a cardinal? 25. 24 Why did the Pope hesitate before making this promotion? 25. 25 How did this prince decide the matter? 25. 26 Upon what King, was the title of "Most Faithful" conferred? 28. 27 Between December, 1749 and July, 1750, how many Pilgrims were received at the Hospital of the Trinity? 29. 28 Where were Catholics cruelly persecuted at this time? 29? 29 Whose good services to this country, caused the Emperor to dis- continue killing the missionaries and Christians? 29. 30 On the 11th of January, 1753, what King signed a concordat with the Pope? 30. 31 How did · Benedict XIV. establish concord among the clergy in England? 32. 32 What did the Holy Father's acts testify, reganiing Catholicism in America? 33. 33 Why was this illustrious Pontiff appreciated and admired by all? 36. 34 How does Walpole eulogize him? 36. 35 What is recorded of John Pitt? 37. 36 Who was crowned Pope on the 16th of July, 1758? 4;0. 37 Why was he successful, when others had failed, in getting the senate of Venice to revoke an edict against the Roman court? 40. 38 How did this Pontiff give the Empress Maria Teresa, a striking proof of his esteem? 41. 39 What prince was made Bishop of Corinth? 42. 40 About this time who were persecuted by the Marquis de Pompal? 43. 41 What court was induced to support the monstrous imposture? 44. 42 How did the Genoese treat a minister of the Holy See who was sent to the Island of Corsica? 46. 3 History of the Ohristian Era 3 43 H ow did the Pope reply to the King of Naples, when he offered to mediate? 47. 44 T o what ruler was granted the investiture of the Tw·o Sicilies? 47. 45 In France, who were being persecuted ? 50. 46 Why did Madame de P ompadour seek their ruin ? 51 47 When asylums of piety were proscribed, what, until then unknown in France, began to multiply unchecked and uncensured? 52. 48 What did the French Parliament decree against the J esuits ? 54. 49 Who did the P ope entreat not to permit the Jesuits to be expelled from his States? 54. 50 How was Catholicism oppressed in P.oland? 62. 51 What King of Spain, in 1767, ordered all J esuits bani shed from hi s kingdom? 63. 52 At this announcement, what qu otation from Caesar did the Holy Father make? 64. 53 How did this Catholic king reply to the Pontiff's address? 65 . 54 Of what new affront was the Spanish King gu ilty? 65. 55 Meanwhile what did Pope Clement do? 66. 56 Ere long, who took posses,sion of Avignon and Carpentras, where the Jesuits were still in possession of their property? 71. 57 How did Maria Teresa reply to His Holiness, when he beseeched her aid? 73. 58 What is said of the noble character of Clement XIII? 75. 59 Who ascended to the pontificacy in 1769? 79. 60 At the election, who sought to control the :1ction of the papacy? 79. 61 What religious order did they desire to suppress? 82. 62 Why is it said that this Pope was elected in one of the stormiest of stormy times? 82. 63 In the midst of these tempests, to what King did the Holy Father write? 83. 64 With respect to the Jesuits, what did the P.ope say? 84. 65 While he spoke thus, what did he resolve to do? 84. 66 What Kings had written to this Pontiff, in favor of the Jesuits? 84. 67 How was the Duke of Gloucester, brother of the King of England, welcomed at Rome? 84. 68 In what manner did George III. show his appreciation of the Pope's kindness to his two brothers? 85. 69 What Catholic country obstinately cherished its hatred of the Jesuits? 85. 4 Course for Home Study 4 70 At this time, why was Clement alarmed about Catholic interests in the States of the Grand Seign or ? 86. 71 What is the tribunal of the Rota? 87. 72 \~ho presented his resignation as Secretary of State in France? 92. 73 In 1771, what King founded the order of the Immaculate Con- ception? 92. 74 How did Clement XIV. protect and patroni ze the arts? 94. 75 What is said of this Pope losing pontifical authority? 95. 76 At this moment, what great religious body did the Holy Father suppress? 95. 77 Upon what date was the document, destroying this Society, drawn? 122. 78 When was the brief published and communicated to th e J esuits at Rome? 122. 79 How was it executed? 122. 80 In what year had this Society been organized and appro ved by Paul III? 124. 81 On May 10th, 1774, what French King died? 128. 82 How did the Pope regard this monarch? 128. 83 What celebrated sCl11ptor, relative to the tomb of Clement XIV, executed a great work? 132. 84 Under the name of Pius VI, who became Pope in 1775 ? 134. 85 How did this Pope show he was conversant with financial abu ses? 137. 86 Animated by a sense of justice, how did he show his interest in the Jesuits? 137. 87 What distinguished members of royalty visited Rome and were received with cordiality by the Holy Father? 140. 88 Where did a minis~erial revolution take place, in 1777? 142. 89 How did this benefit the Jesuits? 142. 90 At this moment, what Empress solicited the erection of two new sees in Hungary? 142. 91 How did the English government gladden the heart of the Holy Father? 146. 92 What work of this enterprising Pontiff threw most lustre on his reign? 146. 93 Why was Naples envious of the Pope's great enterprise? 156. 94 What celebrated road was restored, as a means of communication ' between Naples and Rome? 156. 95 Who sent de Prony, a French engineer, Jo examine the work of Pius VI, that had converted marshes int~ rich fields and created many other benefits? . 157. 96 Who su<;ceeded Joseph I, King of Portugal? 158. 5 History of the Christian Era 5 97 What did Gustavus III, King of Sweden, write the Holy Father he bad granted the Catholics of Stockholm? 160. 98 Who, in concert with the Turks, commi,tted a thousand horrible excesses on the faithful? 160. 99 Who granted Catholic missionaries en tire liberty to preach in hi s States? 161. 100 Notwithstanding the brief of supression, what Queen main tai ned the Jesuits in White Russia? 161. 101 What prince, after the death of his mother, Maria Teresa, inst ituted reforms among the religious in Germany? 163. 102 Where did the Pope decide to visit, in 1782? 165. 103 How was the Holy Father received by the Emperor? 158. 104 What is said as to the result of the negotiations of t.he Pope wilth this Emperor? 169. 105 By what city had Pius promised to pass, on his return to Rome? 173. 106 How was he received there? 173. 107 Upon his return to Rome,_ what was affixed to the praying desk 0'£ His Holiness? 174. 108 How did he reply to it? 175. 109 To what motives did the Empress Catharine ascribe ber energy for favoring the Jesuits? 181. 110 How did the powers hostile to the' Jesuits regard her co rrespondence with the Pope? 181. 111 What action did Pius VI. take, after Catharine had approved his determination? 182. 112 Till that moment, what had Rome refused to the Russian princes? 183. 113 How was the apostolic nuncio received at St. Petersburg? 183. 114 What singular mistake occurred, when Gustavus III., King of Sweden, had set out for Rome? 185. 115 How did it happen that the Emperor Joseph was taken for the King of Sweden? ' 185. - 116 In what way did Gustavus show the most kindly regard for the Holy Father? 187. 117 How did the- count of Naples continue to harass the Holy See? 188. 118 What British colonies in America, established a republic at this time? 191. 119 In their new State constitutions, what did many of the late colonies cast aside? 191. 120 How were the Catholic settlers in Maryland deprived of their civil rights? 191. 121 At the outbreak of the Revolution, what cause did the , Catholics ardently espouse? 191. 6 Course for Home Study 6 122 Who was highly esteemed by many of the foremost statesmen of the new republic? 192. 123 What new troubles arose in Germany? 196. 124 How was the league of Ems destroyed? 199. 125 To whom was Pius VI. warmly attached? 200. 126 When did this Pope promulgate a bull on the better government of the Holy Land? 201. 127 How was the concord between the Holy See and Versailles well- nigh broken? 202. 128 What Cardinal was implicated in this case? 202. 129 Where was a new system of ecclesiastical discipline introduced by Joseph II.? 204. 130 Meanwhile, with whom did the Pope continue to remonstrate? 205. 131 What two sovereigns continued to senathe Holy Father great marks of their respect? 209. 132 Although professing another religion, what King of , pj'ussia re- cognized the Holy See? 209. 133 H ow did the Pope show his gratitude to this monarch? 209. 134 When did the French Revolution begin its violent and tempestuous course? 210. 135 To what King did the Holy Father address a letter, July 10th, 1790? 213. 136 How did the year 1791 begin? 223. 137 What act was passed in France, which really annihilated the Church in that country? 223. 138 Who was Louis XVI. urged to consult by His Holiness? 228. 139 Where was the episcopal see fixed in the United States? 23'0. 140 Who was chosen Bishop? 230. 141 What large part of the United States was embraced in this new diocese? 231. 142 How many priests attended to the Catholics scattered in this vast extent? 231. 143 What was one of the Bishop's first ,acts? 231. 144 ' How were the agitations in France viewed by the countries of Europe? 232. 145 Who sought consolation at Rome for their Catholic subj ects? 232. 146 Where did the King of France now languish? 232. 147 In 1792, to what Emperor did Pius send a brief? 232. 7 History of the Christian Era 7 143 After abolishing religious worship, what did the French National Convention prepare to do? 232. 149 With this object in view, who did they send to Rome? 232. 150 How did the Romans resent this? 234. 151 What unfortunate King of France met with death at this terrible period? 237. 152 How did England dis,tinguish herself? 237. 153 When did the republic of France declare war agaigst Spain? 240. 154 To save what Queen were international negotiations being' carried on with France? 240. 155 When was this Queen executed? 241. 156 Learning that Catholic worship enjoyed greater freedom in Eng- land, under George IlL, how did the Pope instruct the bishops in that Kingdom? ll43. 157 Whose brilliant triumphs in Italy lent new terrors to the French name? 244. 158 By what was Rome thunderstruck at this time? 244. 159 What was the attitude of the French? , 245. 160 How did the Pope reply to Bonaparte, through Cardinal Mattei? 251. 161 What did this General decide to .do? 252. 162 To put an end to uncertainty, how did the Holy Father endeavor to treat with Bonaparte? 255. 163 In the treaty of peace, among other points, what exactions were made? 256. 164 For whom was the French embassy near the Holy Father intended? 258. 165 How was the French general, Duphot, killed? 260. 166 Who was ordered by the French Directory to declare war on Pius VI.? 263. 167 When did he enter, with his troops, into the capital of the Catholic world? 267. 168 What edicts were imposed by the French? 268. 169 How long did the temporary Roman republic last? 269. 170 Under what circumstances was the Pope informed that the Roman people did not recognize him as sovereign? 270. 171 How did the Holy Father reply to General Cervoni, when urged to show himself with the national cockade? 271. 172 When counselled to renounce his state and all temporal authority how did the Pope reply? 271. 173 What was confiscated, not for the benefit of the Roman, but of the French, republic? 272. 8 Course for Home Study 174 When was Pius VI. compelled to leave the · Vatican? 274. 175 How was the exiled Pope received at Sienna? 276. 8 176 On learning that the Pope had been carried off, what did the people of Rome do? 277. 177 What prince visited the Holy Father secretly in his sad exile? 277. 178 Why was His Holiness compelled to leave Tuscany? 287. 179 Why did the French Minister oppose the proposition to convey the Pope to Sardinia? 288. 180 When was ' the Pontiff brought to Grenoble? 295. 181 During his stay there, what event occurred calculated to convince tIre Directory of the superhuman importance of the powers they despised ? 297. 182 At Valence, what preparations had been made by the French Direct- ory? 298. 183 How was the Pope's health during his captivity? 299. 184 Who, the minister of Charles IV., came to see the declining Pontiff? 299. 185 Where was it now decided to transfer the Pope? 300. 186 On learning of this cruel measure, how was His Holiness overcome? 300. 187 When did Pius VI. die? 303. 188 How long was his pontificate? 303. 189 What does Picot say of this virtuous Pope? 304. 109 How many cardinals had he created? 304. 101 After the death of Pius, how were his enemies forced to confess. his greatness? 304. 192 What epitaph, enclosed in a leaden pipe to escape the eyes of the French, was composed in honor of this illustrious Pontiff? 305. 1D3 Who was created Consul, in France, on the 9th of November, 1799? 305. 194 What did he declare against the Directory in a published decree? 305. 195 How did the consuls of the republic hold a deliberation in regard to Pius VI.? 306. 196 On the 2d of January, 1800, who proceeded to execute the decree of the consuls? 306. ·. 197 What document was drawn up on the 30th of January? 307. 198 What was the state of Catholic worship in France? 310. 199 What celebrated minister of fore ign relations wrote on the subject of the disposal of the Pope's remains? 311. 200 vVhat are the chief events of the long pontificate of Pius VI.? 312. 1006422-001 1006422-002 1006422-003 1006422-004 1006422-005 1006422-006 1006422-007 1006422-008