^Carthy's History of/ft e United States for Catholic Schools The Boy Columbus Talking with Sailors DeaeWtRer COPYRIGHT, 1919, BY AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY All Rights Reserved E VERY teacher of history in parochial schools knows that the Catholic Church has had an important part in the discovery and development of this country. But to teach this fact to the pupil, to impress him with the in- fluence of the Church in the history of America has been a difficult problem. What has been needed is a textbook which should present a fair-minded, well-balanced history of our country and, at the same time, give due prominence to matters of special importance to Catholics. Such a textbook has been prepared for parochial schools by Professor Charles H. McCarthy of the Catholic University at Washington. His wide knowledge of American history makes him an unquestioned authority. United with this scholarship is a comprehensive understanding of the adolescent mind gained from his experience in earlier years in teach- ing elementary pupils. Professor McCarthy knows how to interest boys and girls and also how to make them remember the facts which they study. The Santa Maria (1823) rHROUGH his ability to describescenes and people with vividness , Professor McCarthy ma\es the character and the deeds of Columbus impressive and inspiring to the young student. from McCarthy’s history of the UNITED STATES FOR CATHOLIC SCHOOLS Signs ofLand.— Since leaving Spain the winds had been blowing constantly toward the west. This alarmed the sailors, for they feared there were no breezes to waft them homeward. St. Peters—the first Catholic Church in 7^[ew York On the nth of October were seen a stick, a small board, and by one of the vessels a bunch of dog-roses. When all were assembled to sing the " Salve ” which was the custom of the sailors, the Admiral cautioned them to guard well the forecastle and to watch diligently for land. To him who should first see land the King and Queen had promised a yearly pension for life and in addition to this reward the Admiral had offered a silk vest. At ten o’clock in the evening Columbus saw a light on shore; two hours after midnight land ap- peared. Sails were lowered and the vessels lay to until daybreak. Guanahanu— On the morning of October 12, 1492, the weary seamen found themselves at a small island of the Bahama group, which the natives called Guanaha'ni. On it they beheld naked people. Columbus landed and, after thanking God, took possession of the country for the King and Queen of Spain. While this ceremony was in progress the natives began to assemble. By the Admiral they are described as a handsome race. Pres- ents were liberally distributed among them and in a little time trade began. Columbus named the island San Salvador (Holy Saviour). His controlling thought was the conversion of the inhabitants. "If it please our Lord,” says he, " at the time of my departure, I will take 4 In this new book. History of the United States for Catholic Schools, Professor McCarthy not only gives a vivid and compre" hensive story of the growth of this nation but he also instills in the pupil’s mind a veneration for the Catholic faith. He shows that Catholics discovered, and to a considerable extent, explored this continent, that Catholics transferred civilisation hither, that they opened the trade of the Pacific to Europe, that their mis' sionary martyrs labored and died in the work of converting the native savage tribes, and that in the great wars in which this country has engaged, Catholic patriots have always borne an heroic part. Some of the Reasons Why this Textbook is Ideal for Parochial Schools i. The narrative of Norse discoveries, and the story of the establishment of the Catholic faith in Greenland are set forth with more detail than is usual in school histories. The same is true of the Franciscan missions in China. These facts ail show the instrumentality of the Church in stimulating the spirit of progress and discovery. The account of world conditions which led to the exploration of the seas west of Europe is given in a way that is remarkably clear and interesting to young people. 5 r HE noble devotion of the Catholic missionaries , their courage in braving the perils of the wilderness in order to com vert the Indians to Christianity , and the sublime faith with which they suffered martyrdom afford invaluable lessons. Father Jogues a Captive From McCarthy’s History six of them from here to your Highnesses that they may learn to speak.” Then they were to be returned to their own country. * * * Captivity ofFather Jogues.— In one of his journeys Father Jogues (zhog), as well as his companion Rene Goupil (reh-na' goo-pel'), was taken prisoner by a roam- ing band of Mohawks, carried to one of their castles, or fortified villages, in Central New York, and cruelly tortured. During his captivity of fifteen months he baptized many, heard a number of confessions, and, whenever opportunity offered, began to instruct the natives in the elements of Christianity. Father Jogues was eventually ransomed by the Dutch of New Netherlands; Governor William Kieft showed him the greatest kindness, and among other favors found him passage on a ship for France. Everywhere in Europe he was honored for his sufferings. But once more his apostolic spirit brought him from cultured France to what was then barbarous Canada, where he arrived in the spring of 1645. Having urged a mission among the terrible Iroquois, he was soon in New York. This time he did not, as on a former occasion, escape with muti- lated hands, for not far from the scene of his earlier torture he gained the martyr’s crown. Jj: * :)« The Charter of Maryland.— On the death of George Calvert the grant intended for him was conferred upon his eldest son Cecilius. In extent it was much greater than the present state ofMaryland, for it included 6 2. With a graphic quality rare in elementary histories Pro' fessor McCarthy has told the story of Columbus. This account of the great discoverer is based upon researches made by the author. Among many other interesting things he relates the events which led up to the equipment of Columbus’s fleet. Inch dents of the long voyage, of the landing of the Santa Maria on the shores of the island which Columbus called San Salvador (Holy Saviour), and the establishment of the Catholic faith in these islands, — -all this is described in a way that thrills the imagination of the student. The character of Columbus is depicted with unusual realism. The pupil who studies this book cannot fail to reverence the noble qualities of this intrepid leader whose devotion to his religion made him a missionary of the Catholic faith as well as the discoverer of a new world. 3. The story of the Huguenot settlements is given more fully than is usual and both sides of the massacre of the Huguenots in Florida are set forth. 7 I J\[ the story of the founding of the colony of Maryland and the rule of the Calverts there is something of the glamour of romance which will stir the im' agination of the pupil in a wholesome way. Statue of Commodore Barry, Washington, D. C. From McCarthy's History in addition the whole of Delaware, the wide strip of Pennsylvania lying south of the fortieth parallel, and some land now occupied by West Virginia. Moreover, for the government of this colony, the charter gave Calvert almost royal power— greater power than had ever before been granted to an English subject. 1 Settlement of St, Mary's,— The Ar\ and the Dove were engaged to bring Calvert’s people to America. His brother Leonard was given command of the expedition and a still younger brother, George, accompanied him. There were about twenty " gentlemen,” mostly Catholics, and between two hundred and three hundred laborers and artisans, w The company left England on November 22, 1633. On the feast of the Annunciation, March 25, 1634, they landed and celebrated their first mass in Maryland. After some exploration they settled at a place where a small river flows into the Potomac. To their new home they gave the name St. Mary’s. 1 The Proprietary, as Lord Baltimore was called, exercised in the colony powers similar to those exercised by the King in Eng- land. He could build cities and towns, and make certain places ports of entry; make war and conclude peace, set up courts of law, and appoint judges and other officials. He could not only en- force laws and pardon offenders, but, with the consent of the freemen of Maryland, could make laws. He could establish churches and chapels, have them consecrated according to the ecclesiastical laws of England, and appoint the incumbents. For his privileges the Proprietary was to deliver yearly to the King two Indian arrows and one fifth of all the gold and silver mined in the province. 8 4 In the chapter on early colonial Maryland Professor McCarthy presents an absorbingly interesting account of the founding of that colony and the thrilling vicissitudes through which it passed under the rule of the Calverts. The figure of Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore, to whom were due many of the wise and tolerant laws that distinguished Maryland, stands out impressively in these pages. It was he who directed that absolute impartiality between Catholics and Protestants should be observed, and that even a discussion of differences about religion should not be permitted. It must be remembered that there was then no country in the world in which religious belief was free. 5 . The causes and course of the Revolutionary War, and especially the extent to which Catholics took part in it, are set forth with admirable clearness and fullness. Information seldom found in even the more complete histories ofthat era is given. For example, the daring exploits of the O’Briens of Machias, Maine, are given their due credit in the war on the sea. And there is an extremely interesting account of the heroic deeds of Captain John Barry, the first commissioned officer of this country to cap' ture a ship belonging to the enemy. The extraordinary feat he Benjamin Fran\lin in Paris 9 ~IE famous letter which Washington wrote in December , 1789, in response to the congratulations of leading American Catholics on his election to the Presidency. From McCarthy’s History WASHINGTON’S LETTER " Gentlemen, " While I now receive with much satisfaction your congratulations on my being called by a unanimous vote to the first station in my country, I cannot but duly notice your politeness in offering an apology for the un- avoidable delay. As that delay has given you an oppor- tunity of realizing, instead of anticipating, the benefits of the general government, you will do me thejustice to believe, that your testimony to the increase of the public prosperity enhances the pleasure, which I should other- wise have experienced from your affectionate address. "I feel, that my conduct in the war and in peace has ^ met with more general approbation, than could reason- father Gibault . * , c . . . consider that fortunate circumstance, m a great degree, resulting from the able support and extraordinary candor of my fellow-citizens of all denominations. " The prospect of national prosperity now before us is truly animating, and ought to excite the exertions of all good men to establish and secure the happiness of their country, in the permanent duration of its freedom and independence. America, under the smiles of divine Providence, the protection of a good government, the cultivation of manners, morals, and piety, can hardly fail of attaining an uncommon degree of eminence in literature, commerce, agriculture, improvements at home, and respectability abroad. " As mankind become more liberal, they will be more apt to allow, that all those, who conduct themselves as worthy members of the community, are equally entitled to the protection of civil government. I hope ever to see America among the foremost nations in examples of justice and liberality. And I presume, that your fellow- citizens will not forget the patriotic part, which you took ably have been expected; and I find myself disposed to 10 performed when with twenty^seven sailors and four rowboats he surprised and captured a British schooner and four transports is described in an impressive manner. 6. A very important chapter in the book for parochial schools is the one on “The Beginnings of the Catholic Church in America.’' The chief events from the time of the con- firmation of the Right Reverend John Carroll in 1784 as Prefect Apostolic till his death in 1815 are given succinctly and clearly. These include the establishment of the first Catholic Church in New York whose dedication was celebrated by a dinner given by the minister of Spain to President Washington; an account of the first Synod in this country; of the growth of the Catholic Church in Boston; the noble work of Catholic missionaries in Kentucky; the creating of the sees of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Bardstown. The chapter ends with Washington’s patriotic letter to his Catholic countrymen. It would be diffi' cult to imagine a more masterly summary than that of the early important events in Catholicism in America presented in this chapter. 7. With dramatic vividness Professor McCarthy shows the imperishable quality of the Catholic faith displayed in the lives The Constitutional Convention IX T is important that every Catholic should \now something about the history of the Catholic Church in America. From McCarthy’s History in the accomplishment of their revolution and the establishment of their government, or the important assistance, which they received from a nation in which the Roman Catholic religion is professed. ” I thank you, Gentlemen, for your kind concern for me. While my life and health shall continue, in what- ever situation I may be, it shall be my constant endeavor to justify the favorable sentiments you are pleased to express of my conduct. And may the members of your society in America, animated alone by the pure spirit of Christianity, and still conducting themselves as the faith- ful subjects ofour free government, enjoy every temporal and spiritual felicity.” La Salle at the Mouth of the Mississippi An American Superior.— In 1783, when inde- pendence had been acknowledged, the Vicar Apostolic of London declared that he would no longer exercise spiritual authority in the United States. By this de- cision American priests were cut off from communication with any part of the European church. It was then that delegates of the Maryland and Pennsylvania clergy met at Whitemarsh, Maryland, and appealed to the Pope for a superior. The Congregation of the Propaganda named the Right Reverend John Carroll, a native of Maryland. On June 6, 1784, he was confirmed Prefect Apostolic by the Holy Father and later given spiritual jurisdiction over the thirteen original states. This was the first step in the organization of the Catholic Church in the United States. * * * Catholic Population .—As we have seen, about 70,000 Catholics were to be found in the United States toward the close of Archbishop Carroll’s career. In 1918, a little more than one hundred years later, its Catholic population had increased to 17,416,303, a num- ber of persons far greater than in the beginning of the 12 yond question 'the ideal text for Catholic schools o > ct w p H> H* B P H« o ct ct CD H» CQ Hj CD p P 02 ct (0 P H* O 02 H* O a 4 P CO M ct P o « ct CD pu p, 02 CD CO ct C+ O P> H H* CO O a' CD wi— * ct H* HJ to B S o P ch < ct 1 CD o ct 02 CO Mt. St. Mary’s Seminary Mt. Washington Station Cincinnati, Ohio January 9, 1920 and work of such great missionaries as Father Jogues, Father de Smet, Fathers Le Jeune, Brebeuf, and Lalemont. The important work of La Salle, Marquette and Joliet in founding New France is also narrated with interesting details. 8. One of the periods in our country’s history that proves most puzzling to the young pupil is the rise of political parties in the first decade of the 19th century. In this book the devel- opment of the various political parties and their distinguishing principles is made remarkably clear. 9. The Civil War is treated from an absolutely unbiased point ofview and is presented according to its main movements. The critical period of reconstruction after the war is also cow ered more clearly and adequately than is usual in elementary textbooks. 10. The outline of the war against Germany is based almost entirely on official publications and is both brief and clear. The addresses of President Wilson, General Pershing’s report of the American Expeditionary Force, Government publications, and contemporary periodicals are the sources ofProfessor McCarthy’s material. He has taken the utmost care to provide a compre- hensive, well-balanced account not only of the great struggle Captain O’Brien Capturing the Margaretta *3 From McCarthy’s History nineteenth century obeyed many of the rulers of Europe. The Catholic Church in this country had not only grown in membership, but its organization had devel- oped wonderfully. The spiritual needs of its millions were the immediate care of 20,477 clergymen connected with 15,817 places of worship. There were in 1918 ninety-three bishops and thirteen archbishops, of whom three were cardinals, his Eminence, James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore, his Eminence, John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York, and his Eminence, William Cardinal O’Connell, Archbishop of Boston. Catholic Education.—Altogether, American Catho- lics support more than 200 colleges for boys, while the number of academies for girls is over three times as great. Many orders of priests, the Jesuits, the Congre- gation of Holy Cross, the Paulists, the Marists, and other societies maintain colleges which offer splendid courses of instruction. For generations the Christian Brothers, of whom many are able educators, have been graduating young men trained in religion and well fitted for the duties of citizenship. Various communities of nuns likewise conduct excellent colleges. Corner Stone Laid by Archbishop Carroll, 1806 SEE HIM THROUGH 1ELP US TO HELP THE BOYS 'MOTIONALCATHOLIC WAR COUNCIL KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS United War W«* Centpelgn - VWseft of November 11*19 Poster Used in 1918 14 but also of the important welfare work undertaken by civic and church organizations including the Red Cross and the Knights of Columbus. Each chapter in the book is followed by questions; a list of reading references is also given. Throughout the book footnotes supply much additional and interesting information. For the benefit of younger teachers a topical analysis of the country’s history is given in the Appendix. By Charles H. McCarthy, Ph.D. (U. of Pa.) Knights ofColumbus Professor ofAmerican History, The Catholic University of America. Illustrations in black-and-white and color 51*2 pages AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY of the United Catholic Schools INCORPORATED New York Cincinnati Chicago Boston Atlanta 830 +30