CcXDovr £>e,f,*gi<s<n — 

LABOR« 
RELIGION 



THE CHURCH SAYS . . . 
For many years, spokesmen of organized religion nave 
frequently acknowledged the right of labor to organize. 
They recognize that without organization labor cannot match 
the economic strength of modern combinations of wealth 
and pow6r. 

Protestant. The Federal Council of Churches of Christ 
in America, representing two dozen Protestant denominations, 
including many of the largest, has stated: "The churches 
should stand for the right of employers and employees alike 
to organize for collective bargaining -and social action; the 
protection of both in the exercise of this right; the obligation 
of both to work for the public good." 

In 1937, Rev. James Myers, Industrial Secretary of the Coun-
cil, wrote: "The Christian attitude toward labor is one of 
identity of interest. . . . It would seem in order to point out 
to all workers that it is their moral duty to join unions." 

This attitude, emphasized and expanded in the following 
statement issued by the Federal Council in the same year, still 
holds: "It is because of the concern of religion for justice and 
for social welfare that church bodies have for thirty years offi-
cially declared for the right of employees as well as employers 
to organize . . . Such a belief issues in a demand for democracy, 
both in political and industrial relations. This leads to the 
organization of workers in order that they may have a recog-
nized voice in determining the conditions under which they 
must live and work. 

"As yet only a minority of American workers are organized, 
and it must be recognized that annual wages of many skilled 
workers are still below a comfort level of living, while the 
wages in many industries both urban and agricultural are 
grossly inadequate for a decent standard of living for an Amer-
ican family. We are convinced, therefore, that thoughtful 
Christians will welcome the contemporary gains in status and 
economic welfare on the part of labor as in line with the social 
ideals of Christianity." 

ft&Med 



Catholic. Archbishop Robert E. Lucey of San Antonio, 
Texas, has spoken as follows: "By enormous effort the Con-
gress of Industrial Organizations is lifting labor from its leth-
argy. . . . It is the duty of working people to . . . . organize 
for their own sake and for the welfare of their families, their 
community and their nation. The CIO has taken a long step 
in that direction. Only a strongly organized and well-directed 
labor movement has any hope of eliminating industrial con-
flict and economic immorality." 

1 



Pope Pius XII, in a letter to the bishops of the United States, 
in 1939 wrote: "Since association is one of man's natural 
requirements and since it is legitimate to promote by common 
effort decent livelihood, it is not possible without injustice to 
deny or limit either to the producer or the laboring and farm-
ing classes the free faculty of uniting in associations by means 
of which they may defend their proper rights and secure the 
betterment of goods of soul and body, as well as the honest 
comforts of life." 

Reverend Father Charles 0 . Rice of Pittsburgh, Pennsyl-
vania, had this to say of the CIO: "The Congress of Industrial 
Organizations is a legitimate labor union engaged in the task 
of organizing American labor. Its leaders are men of integrity, 
many of them known to me personally as decent, sincere, 
Christian gentlemen. Every sincere religious person in the 
United States wishes the CIO success. We Catholics especially 
realize that the CIO is taking a big step toward the realization 
of the goal set by the Holy Father in his Encyclical 'Recon-
structing the Social Order.' The evils the CIO fights are 
deadly evils sapping the corporate strength of our nation and 
religion; the methods it uses are legitimate and praiseworhy." 

Reverend Jerome A. Drolet, leader of the New Orleans 
ACTU, has been called "The CIO Padre". Putting theory 
into practice, he was on a picket line six months after putting 
on the cloth, saying mass for the strikers, and delivering ser-
mons which rate as rousing organizing speeches. His work 
against anti-union statutes in the Louisiana legislature has 
spread his influence beyond state lines, and his column in a 
local labor paper is widely quoted in the labor press of the 
nation. "Business Week" of July 1, 1944, has this to say of 
him: "As long as Father Drolet continues to function in the 
South, anti-union industry there knows it has more than pro-
fessional uhion organizers to contend with." 

TTiere is also an obvious similarity between the social views 
expressed in the papal : encyclicals and the well-known senti-
ments of another staunch friend of labor, Henry A. Wallace. 



Jewish. In 1928, the Central Conference of American 
Rabbis affirmed: "The same rights of organization which rest 
with employers rest also with whom they employ. Modern 
life has permitted wealth to consolidate itself through organi-
zation into corporations. Trade organizations for mutual bene• 
fit within specific industries are quite common among em-
ployers. Workers have the same inalienable right to organize 
according to their own plan for their common good and to 
bargain collectively with their employers through such honor-
able means as they may choose." 

In 1934, the Rabbinical Assembly of America was even more 
emphatic: "We believe that the denial of the right of workers 
to organize and form group associations so that they may treat 
as economic equals with their employers is tantamount to a 
curtailment of human freedom. For that reason we favor the 
unionization of all who labor. We demand legislation to pro-
tect labor in its right to bargain collectively with its employers 
through representaives af its own choice, without any pressure 
or influence to be exerted by the employers on the organization 
of the workmen for such purposes, or on the choice of their 
representatives 



CIO AIMS 
The Congress of Industrial Organizations is primarily con-

cerned with three major tasks: 

1. Organizing the working men and women of America— 
regardless of race, creed, color or nationality—into labor 
unions for mutual aid and protection; 

2. Establishing sound collective bargaining and wage agree-
ments; 

3. Securing legislation to safeguard economic security and 
social welfare, and to extend democratic institutions, civil 
rights and liberties. 

In order to implement the basic program of the CIO, the 
Political Action Committee has been formed as a non-partisan 
organization for the election of a progressive President, Con-
gress and state and local officials. PAC has developed a pro-
gram to bring full employment at home and lasting peace the 
world oyer. Starting out as a CIO activity it rapidly grew 
into a; people's movement, with enthusiastic support from farm-
ers, business men, housewives, civic and religious leaders. A 
group of religious leaders of all faiths have joined in a fel-
lowship of religious social action, as Religious Associates of 
PAC. To quote from a statement of the RA: "To work for 
brotherhood is religious; to work for brotherhood through 
political action is religious common sense." 

Since the task of winning military victory has been com-
pleted, PAC looks to the task of planning a peace which will 
ensure the objectives of the Constitution of the United States, 
the Four Freedoms, the Good Neighbor Policy, the Atlantic 
Charter and the United Nations Declarations. On the domestic 
front, our goal is to plan for an economy of plenty, so that 
all our people may participate in the national wealth which 
is their birthright. Education for their children, security in 
their old age are rights due the members of a modern civili-
zation. These, plus the others mentioned in Franklin Roose-
velt's message to Congress on the new Bill of Rights, are the 
goals of CIO and of PAC. 

4 



Union Security. Since 1936 the CIO has given more than 
five and one-half million workers the benefits of union security. 
Industrial workers cannot individually bargain to protect their 
rights with the huge corporations which employ them. In 
unions there is strength. Hours, wages and working condi-
tions conform more closely to the popular idea of an American 
standard of living as industrial unionism puts down roots. Only 
about fourteen million American workers are organized. Un-
organized workers are most in need of the protection which 
organization with their fellows can give them. This is particu-
larly true because of problems arising from the entrance of 
millions of new workers into industry during and since the war 
—women; Negroes being employed in large numbers for the 
first time in other than unskilled jobs; white collar workers on 
production jobs; farm workers in factories. 

We have had a striking demonstration of what cooperation 
can do in war time. We have learned that generous and open-
minded cooperation, through union-management committees 
and in government agencies, pays real dividends in production. 
Even with 12 million of our best workers in the armed forces, 
we more than doubled prewar production. 

7 



Peace. With the war over, strong unions will be needed 
more than ever before to assure the full utilization of our 
industrial productive capacity, and to secure steady jobs at 
fair wages for all who wish to work. More jobs also than 
were ever available before will be needed to keep our war 
manpower, and our men and women demobilized from the 
armed forces, and our machines at work. 

The CIO argues that an economy which can abolish unem-
ployment during war must provide jobs for workers and vet-
erans during peace. The fruits of labor must not be limited 
to destruction. 

Many Americans fear peace. They wonder what is going 
to happen to the millions of uprooted workers and their 
families who have moved to war production centers, to the 
millions of workers new to industry, to the eleven million 
demobilized soldiers. Will competition for scarce jobs shift 
labor back from a buyer's to a seller's market? Will the 
wheels of industry go on turning, or will depression, unem-
ployment, or even revolution be our lot? Only security can 
exorcise that fear. 

Job Rights. The efforts of all men of good will are needed 
to translate abstract concepts of justice into the living experi-
ences of men, women and children. Justice for the worker 
means not only a secure job at a living wage, but the accept-
ance by law that a job right is as important as a property right. 

The Central Conference of American Rabbis caught this 
principle when they stated: "Modern Judaism takes the stand 
that the worker has an inviolable right in the industry in 
which he works, a right which is equal to that af investors. . . 
Modern Judaism stands for the moral right of the worker to a 
living annual wage... | We believe that the right to work is not 
only an economic necessity but a spiritual necessity—that it 
is the duty of society to provide work for all those willing 
and able." 

6 



The United Steelworkers of America pioneered in the field 
of job security by requesting an annual wage guarantee in 
their new contract for their half million members. The rest of 
the organized workers of America support them unanimously. 

The Four Freedoms will be attainable only when the worker's 
right to a job is as clear as the right of the independent 
farmer to his land, the civil servant to his status, the merchant 
to his business, the doctor to his practice. Once the worker 
feels that the job is his own, it will be to his interest to 
make it produce at a maximum. Abundant production of 
needed and desired goods is to the advantage not only of work-
ers and management but of all members of society. 

Better income means better food, housing, health, transporta-
tion and education. The whole community benefits from the 
raising of individual standards. 

7 



Income and Profit. National income exceeded $160 billion 
a year during the war. A comparable income geared to peace-
time production and fairly distributed to all groups in the 
population would eliminate poverty. 

The emphasis may be moral as well as economic. Having 
demonstrated our productive capacity, poverty in the midst of 
potential plenty must be recognized for what it is—sin. 

The combined friends of labor and the church must there-
fore unite to bring about a plentiful peace. 

8 



Efforts are made by the powerful enemies of labor to play 
off veterans against others, minority against minority. The 
great corporations which dominate our economic life sponsor 
restrictive legislation in an attempt to crush labor and wipe 
put social gains. 

They are well prepared for this struggle. By the end of 
1945 their working capital totalled some $50 billion, com-
pared to less than $25 billion in 1939. Average annual cor-
poration profits in the war years were $9.4 billion, after taxes, 
or 2y2 times the prewar average. Even with repeal of excess 
profits taxes, conservative sources predict the continuance of 
huge profits. 

Compared to such staggering profits, the reserves of the 
workers are puny indeed. A U.S. Department of Labor study 
shows that even in 1944, our most prosperous year, more 
than 1/3 of American families had net income, after taxes, 
of less than $2,500. Today over 10 million workers earn less 
than 70$f an hour which, on the basis of a 40-hour week, gives 
the full-time worker only $1,456 a year, before taxes. 

Yet, in 1945, the experts of the Heller Budget at the Uni-
versity of California recommended $2,900 a year minimnm, 
after personal taxes, for efficiency and decency for a family 
of four. Since then the cost of living has continued to rise. 

Brotherhood. The CIO is doing much to create an Amer-
ica in which democracy and brotherhood for all men truly 
exist. 

Philip Murray, President of the CIO, has said: "1 am re-
minded that basically the precepts of all religion and God 
Almighty are predicated upon the assumption that there shall 
be an equality of treatment for all of the people" 

The CIO annual conventions have each year passed resolu-
tions condemning racial discrimination and directed toward 
breaking down prejudice within the unions as well as within 
industrial management. 

9 



Resolutions and protestations, however, do not produce free-
dom and equality of opportunity. The beautiful sentiments in 
the Declaration of Independence have not, through much repeti-
tion, achieved full reality. Men may become nearer equal 
when they receive equal pay for equal work and comparable 
food, housing and medical care. When they may walk in dig-
nity, not two steps behind but shoulder to shoulder with their 
fellows, they will be free. 

Mordecai Johnson, President of Howard University, in an 
address in Pittsburgh in February, 1944, said: "The CIO has 
done more to break down discrimination than has the clergy." 

But of approximately 13 million Negroes in the United 
States, only about 10 percent are as yet members of unions. 

True Religion. Democracy firmly rooted in the industrial 
structure, resting securely in strong and independent unions, 
will be able to withstand not only the attacks of those who 
would turn back the clock of progress, but, with the coopera-
tion of its friends in the church, can put through an enlightened 
legislative program in the interests of the entire nation. 

Unfortunately, most socially enlightened, formally trained 
young ministers locate in middle class communities, far from 
the centers of the greatest need. There they become isolated 
from struggle by the very nature of the life around them. 
Ultimately, administrative duties take all their energy, and 
religion loses its vitality. 

On the other hand, there are many untrained preachers who 
are workers themselves and who sincerely preach the love of 
God and man to fellow workers. The leadership of these men, 
however, is limited due to their lack of formal education. 

In the meantime, instead of preaching Jesus' gospel of love 
for their fellowmen, other thousands of misguided cultist 
ministers are uniting workers in hate, fear and intolerance of 
minority races, creeds or nationalities. These false religious 
teachers also work side by side with those they would influence, 
or preach from churches located in working-class neighbor-
hoods. Some are subsidized by reactionary industrialists who 

10 



j 

unscrupulously seek to divide the workers in any way they can. 
But whether these preachers are sincere fanatics or are paid 
disrupters, they are a menace to the hope of a better tomorrow. 
Those who preach hate to the frustrated are sowing the seeds 
of Ku Klux Klanism and our own brand of American fascism. 

Once humanity becomes the measure of both organized reli-
gion and organized labor, we can push forward together to-
ward the good life. Together we must strive to organize a 
world based on love and order instead of force and rancor. 
Both labor and religion put their faith in the people, believing 
in power with, not over, them. Both believe in education, not 
exploitation. 

11 



Religious seminaries should train their best men to serve 
industrial workers. The fields are "white unto the harvest." 
American workers have often been apathetic toward religion. 
It is up to the churches to work with them more, to preach 
to them less. Working with them will back up the texts of 
sermons which preach a social as well as a personal religion. 

Jesus announced the purpose of his ministry when he said: 
"The spirit of the Lord is upon me, because He has anointed 
me to preach the gospel to the poor, He has sent me . . . to 
set at liberty they that are oppressed." 

From those who profess to walk in the footsteps of the 
Carpenter of Nazareth, workers have, sought bread and often 
received a stone. 

12 



WAYS TO COOPERATE 
1. Labor Sunday—The Sunday before or after Labor Day 

may be reserved for inter-faith union services, with 
prominent guest speakers from each faith and from labor. 

2. Conventions—During labor conventions, a luncheon may 
be held at which local ministers, priests and rabbis are 
guest speakers to the union. 

3. Periodic get-togethers—An informal group of minis-
ters, priests, rabbis and labor leaders may meet regularly, 
perhaps at lunch, to discuss current economic and social 
issues as they affect the community. 

4. Cross-Representation—Acceptable qualified labor rep-
resentatives should sit on the Boards of church social 
service committees, ministers' associations, and inter-faith 
organizations, as should acceptable qualified fraternal 
delegates appointed by church councils and ministers' 

13 



organizations attend union meetings. This interchange 
will promote mutual action on matters of general com-
munity concern. 

5. Social Legislation—Church or parish social action com-
mittees, city-wide or district denominational organizations, 
councils of churches, can support social progress in in-
dustrial relations, consumer cooperatives, social security, 
public works, child labor laws, working conditions, wages 
and hours, by working with unions on proposed legislation. 

6. Education—Bible classes, church youth societies and 
women's groups can educate their membership, through 
labor speakers, field trips to workers' homes and factories, 
and other means, on local conditions of health, housing, 
juvenile delinquency, race relations. 

Special courses in public speaking, labor law, economics, 
trade union history, etc., are offered to congregation mem-
bers in the various churches of many American cities, and 
also to union members in workers' education schools. 

Visiting speakers from government, industry, labor and 
the church can do much to train men and women in all 
these groups in their joint responsibility to their church, 
their union and their community. 

14 



CHURCH LITERATURE AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION 

O N LABOR AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS 

INTERDENOMINATIONAL 
National Conference of Christians and Jews 
381 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 
(RELIGION AND THE GOOD SOCIETY, 25c) 
National Religion and Labor Foundation 
106 Carmel Street, New Haven, Conn. 
(ECONOMIC JUSTICE, 25c a year) 
International Council of Religious Education 
203 North Wabash Avenue, Chicago, 111. 
(SOCIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS, 25c) 
(CHRISTIAN YOUTH AND THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM, 20c; 
THE CHRISTIAN CENTURY, $4.00 a year 
407 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111. 
Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America (Industrial Division) 
297 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 
(INFORMATION SERVICE, $2.00 a year) 
(CHURCHES IN SOCIAL ACTION, WHY AND HOW, 10c) 
(NOTES FROM THE DIARY OF A MODERN CIRCUIT RIDER, 5c) 
United Christian Council for Democracy 
457 West 123rd Street, New York, N. Y. 
DO YOU KNOW LABOR? by James Myers, $1.00, paper; $2.00, cloth 
John Day Company, 40 East 49th Street, New York, N, Y. 

METHODIST 
Methodist Federation for Social Service 
150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 
MOTIVE (Methodist Youth), $1.00 a year 
Board of Education 
810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. 

PRESBYTERIAN 
Presbyterian Fellowship for Social Action 
80th and Ridge Blvd., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
SOCIAL PROGRESS, 50c a year 
156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 

EPISCOPAL 
Church League for Industrial Democracy 
135 Liberty Street, New York, N. Y. 
A CHRISTIAN APPROACH, 5c 
Forward Movement of the Episcopal Church 
Sharon, Pa. 

CONGREGATIONAL 
Council for Social Action 
281 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 
(SOCIAL ACTION, $1.00 a year) 

15 



UNITARIAN 
Unitarian Fellowship for Social Justice 
25 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 

BAPTIST 
Rauschenbusch Fellowship 
Box 227, Campbell, Ohio 

CATHOLIC 
National Catholic Welfare Conference (Social Action Department) 
Catholic Conference on Industrial Problems 
1312 Massachusetts Avenue N. W., Washington, D. C. 
(CATHOLIC ACTION, $2.00 a year) 
(BISHOP'S PROGRAM OF SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION, 10c) 
(RECONSTRUCTING THE SOCIAL ORDER, 10c) 
(HUMAN RELATIONS IN INDUSTRY, 5c) 
THE CATHOLIC TEACHING ON OUR INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM, 

by John A. Ryan, 10c 
Huntington, Ind. 
NEW GUILDS: A CONVERSATION, 5c 
THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL ORDER, 5c 
THE CITIZEN, THE CHURCH AND THE STATE, 5c 
BALANCED ABUNDANCE, 5c 
Paulist Press, 401 West 59th Street, New York, N. Y. 
THE POPE'S PLAN FOR SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION, by Charles 

Paul Breuhl, $3.00 
Devin-Adair Company, 23 East 26th Street, New York, N. Y. 
THE CHRISTIAN SOCIAL MANIFESTO, by Joseph Husslein, $2.50 
Bruce Publishing Company, 540 North Milwaukee Street, Milwaukee, 

Wis. 
CHURCH AND LABOR, by J. A. Ryan and Joseph Husslein, $2.50 
Macmillan Company, 60 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 
THE CATHOLIC WORKER, 25c a year 
115 Mott Street, New York, N. Y. 
COMMONWEAL, $5 a year 
386 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 

JEWISH 
Rabbinical Assembly of America (Social Justice Committee) (Con-

servative ) 
3080 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 
Central Conference of American Rabbis (Commission on Justice and 

Peace) (Reform) 
5003 Washington Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 
(ANNUAL REPORTS) 
American Jewish Committee 
386 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 

October 1944 
Revised July 1946 

16 



C I O Publications 
T H E CIO NEWS. Official weekly newspaper of the CIO. Subscription, $1.00 a year ($1.50 in 
Canada). Special rates for bundle orders, group subscriptions and special editions upon request. 
UNION NEWS SERVICE. A weekly dipsheet for editors. 
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No. 90. For the Nation's Security (Revised). 
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No. 93. Political Primer for AU Americans. 
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No. 99. Labor and Education. How mem-
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No. 111. Labor and Religion. How they 
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No. 112. Union Hall Bookshelf. General la-
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No. 114. A Society of Free Men. Speech of 
Bishop Bernard J. Sheil at 1944 CIO Conven-
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No. 121. Substandard Wages. An argument 
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No. 124. Guaranteed Wages the Year Round. 
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No. 130. Letters to Dad. A labor union man 
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No. 131. For CIO Stewards. A handbook 
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No. 135. Your Civil Rights. A handbook 
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No. 136. Resolutions o{ 8th CIO Conven-
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No. 138. The Drive Against Labor. An 
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No. 140. The Case of the Vanishing Pay-
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16 pp., 10c a copy, 100 for $7.50, 500 for 
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No. 141. Fight Discrimination. Speech by 
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8 pp., 5c a copy, 100 for $2.50, 1,000 for $20, 
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No. 143. For American Youth. Resolutions 
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No. 147. Crisis. Excerpts of speechs by 
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No. 150. To Abolish Discrimination. Report 
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No. 151. The Closed Shop. Statement by 
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FACTS FOR ACTION 

ECONOMIC OUTLOOK (Monthly Survey) 

FOR THE NATION'S SECURITY (Revised) 

POLITICAL PRIMER FOR ALL AMERICANS 

LABOR AND EDUCATION 

LABOR AND RELIGION 

UNION HALL BOOKSHELF 

RE-EMPLOYMENT 

SUBSTANDARD WAGES 

GUARANTEED WAGES the Year Round 

LETTERS TO DAD 

WHAT'S AHEAD? A Survey of Current Economic 
Trends 

THE BIBLE AND THE WORKING MAN 

UNIONS AND COOPS 

Department of 

Research and Education 

KERM1T EBY, Director 

Katherine Pollak Elliclcson, Ass't Dir. of Research 

George T. Guernsey, Ass't Dir. of Education 

Stanley H. Ruttenberg, Ass't Dir. of Research 



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