I I A NEW COMMANDMENT BY REV. EDMOND D. BENARD Assistant Professor of Sacred Theology at the Catholic University of America Four addresses delivered on the Catholic Hour from November 4 through November 25, 1951. This program is heard on the National Broadcasting Company network at 6:00-6:30 P.M. E.S.T. and produced by the National Council of Catholic Men. National Council of Catholic Men 1312 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington 5, D. C. Printed and distributed by Onr Sunday Visiter Huntington, Indiana Nihil Obstat: VERY REV. MSGR. T. E. DILLON Censor Librorum Imprimatur: 4« JOHN FRANCIS NOLL, D.D. Bishop of Fort Wayne TABLE OF CONTENTS Thou Art The Man | - 5 "That You Love One Another , . ." ..... —— 10 . . As I Have Loved You" 16 The Fullness Of Christ 22 THOU ART THE MAN Talk given, on November 4, 1951 My dear friends: According to a fable written by La Fontaine, all the animals of the forest and jungle once gathered together in a great and solemn meeting. Jupiter, who had issued the invitations, called upon each of the animals to speak quite frankly. Every one was entitled to complain about any fault or failing, any imper- fection or defect he had been burdened with by nature and wished to have repaired. Much to Jupiter's surprise, every single beast declared himself quite satisfied . . . with himself. But every single beast wished also to call to Jupiter's attention some truly shocking weakness or. deficiency in some other beast. La Fontaine's animals not only speak like us, they act like us as well. Like us, they are most clear-sighted regarding the faults of their neighbors. Like us, they are blind to their own. Like us, they have small love for any one or any thing except themselves. And like us they would never admit it, perhaps least of all to themselves. This year I want to speak to you about the love of God. The things I have to say are not easy to say; or maybe—I don't know—they are too easy to say. I am afraid also that they are not easy to hear; or maybe, again, they are too easy . . . just to hear. I am not de- liberately speaking in riddles, at least not any more than I have to; for when we speak about the love of God, we have to speak about the heart and soul of man —and man is not unfairly called "the glory, jest, and riddle of the world." It is easy, all too easy, to speak and hear about the love of God as if the words were meant for someone else, and not for us. It is not easy to speak and hear about the love of God in simple honesty, to look upon ourselves as in a mirror, to measure ourselves, not others, by the commandment Christ gave us—for ourselves. Two years ago at this time on the "Catholic Hour" we thought together about Faith—the Faith, we saw, by which man lives more than he lives by bread. Last year the subject of our time together was Hope—the Hope that keeps us sure and f i rm in Christ, as an anchor holds a ship against the 6 A NEW COMMANDMENT wind and wave. We come now in this November to the third and last of the great God-centered virtues, to the climax and sum- mit of the Christian life, the virtue called charity. "Faith, hope and charity persist, all three," Saint Paul said, "but the greatest of them all is charity" (I Cor. 13: 13). Now charity, as our Lord used the word, as Saint Paul used it, as the great teachers of the Church from the time of the Apostles used it, does not mean simply the gif t of food and clo- thing and shelter to those whose need cries out to us. All these things are part of charity, signs of our charity, not the whole of it. Charity in its full and true and basic sense means simply love: the love of God above all things, and the love of our broth- ers in the world around us for the love of God. This is all it means; but all of our life, be- lieve me, is summed up in its meaning. There is nothing that can take the place of charity; there is no substitute for love. We will not be judged by the fortunes we build or the honors we wear, by the things we have or the things we know. We will be judged by the things we love. Saint Paul really meant what he said to the Christians of Cor- inth : "If I speak with the tongues of men, and of angels, and have not charity, I am be- come as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. And if I should have prophecy and should know all mysteries, and all knowledge, and if I should have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am noth- ing. And if I should distribute all my goods to feed the poor, and if I should deliver my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing" (I Cor. 13: 1-3). During the weeks to come we will try together, with God's help, to understand as best we can the meaning for us of those words of our Lord which are the supreme expression of the law of charity: "A new command- ment I give unto you: That you love one another, as I have loved you, that you also love one an- other" (John 13: 34). Here, as we shall see, in this new com- mandment, love of God and love of our fellow men are bound to- gether in that tremendous unity that we could never even have imagined if Christ our Lord had not lived and died for us. It is truly a new commandment given to us by Him who makes all things new. Before we think about this THOU ART THE MAN 7 new commandment, however, we have to think about our own hearts; we have to find the answer—or try to find the answer—to the riddle that con- fronts us when we look into our- selves. Like the eloquent animals of Jean de La Fontaine, we use a comfortable double standard of judgment. We carry a saddle bag slung _over our shoulder; in the open front pocket, where we can see them, we carry the faults of our neighbors; in the other pocket, safely behind us, we carry our own. It is perfectly true, perhaps, that we judge everyone, ourselves included, ac- cording to a scale of excellence that runs from zero (or nothing) up to a hundred (or perfect). We use the same scale, but we do not use it in both cases in quite the same way. Everyone else we criticize to the extent that he falls below a hundred; with our- selves we are satisfied to the ex- tent that we rise above zero. We are impatient with excuses for other people's failings; we are never at a loss for excuses for our own. We find it very easy simply to talk about charity. Why? Because it just does not occur to us that in every word we speak we judge ourselves, and in every word we hear, we hear our own indictment. For instance, I am sure that no one listening would refuse to admit that love of God and love of those around us as a rule of life is a high ideal—more than that, the only possible rule of Christian life, the only principle worth living by, the only guide that will not betray us in the end. But be careful, I beg you. Love of God and love of neigh- bor are not words to be lightly used, to be glibly spoken or non- chalantly heard. These words are not a sentimental common- place. They cut to the vitals of our selfishness and pride like the cold and shining steel of a surgeon's knife. To pledge our- selves to live our lives by love of God and neighbor is not like taking a drug store sedative, but like submitting to a major oper- ation. This is why it is not easy to talk about charity, or to hear about it, when we realize what charity means. Did it ever strike you, in read- ying the Gospels, that our Lord gave us a standard for judging ourselves and others? It is a double standard, too. But it is ex- actly the reverse of the one we find, in our blindness, so com- forting to our pride. In the Gospel of Saint Luke 8 A NEW COMMANDMENT we read how the Master, know- ing the thoughts of His hearers, and knowing how some of them rebelled in their secret hearts against His teaching, said to them simply: "He that is not with me, is against me" (Luke 11: 23). In another place in the same Gospel we read how the Apostle John came to Jesus and said: "Master, we saw a certain man casting out devils in Thy name, and we forbade him, be- cause he followeth not with us." And Jesus answered: "Forbid him not; for he that is not against you, is for you" (Luke 9: 49-50). "He that is not with me, is against me." "He that is not against you, is for you." There have been some com- mentators who looked at these words of our Lord too quickly, and who saw (or claimed to see) a contradiction in them. But, of course, there is no contradiction. Christ has given us His double^ standard. When He tells us "He that is not with Me, is against me," He is telling us to look in- to our own hearts, to judge our- selves fairly, and honestly, and strictly. We can see into our own hearts, and we can know, if we have the courage to face the facts, whether we are for Christ or against Him. On the other hand, however, when our Lord said "He that is not against you is for you," He was speaking, remember, to John concerning the judgment John should make about someone else. Christ is telling us, in effect, "God alone sees into another man's heart. You can not. You can only judge by outward appearance. Judge then in charity, and give to your brother the benefit of the doubt." This is Christ's double stand- ard ; tand it is a direct rebuke to the one we ordinarily prefer to use. When I was thinking about this series of broadcasts, there was a sentence from the Old Testament that constantly sounded in my mind. You re- member, I am sure, the story of David and Bethsabee from the Second Book of Kings. David, King of Israel, became lost in the beauty of Bethsabee, wife of one of David's captains, Urias the Hethite. David took Bethsa- bee secretly into his palace, and Urias her husband he sent into the forefront of a suicidal attack on an enemy fortress. All worked out as David planned. Urias the THOU ART THE MAN 9 Hethite died fighting for his king. Then God sent to David Na- than the prophet, and this is the story Nathan told. A rich man and a poor man, Nathan told the King, lived in the same city. The rich man had great flocks of sheep; the poor man had only one small lamb. A visitor came to the rich man's house, and the rich man spread a splendid feast before him. But instead of using a sheep from his own abundant flocks, the rich man seized the lamb the poor man cherished and slaughtered it and served it to his guest. David listened to this tale of selfishness and brutality with growing wrath, and when it was finished he rose up in anger and cried: "As the Lord liveth, the man that hath done this is a child of death." And Nathan said to him: "Thou art the man." "Thou art the man." When we hear attacks upon our brothers, and hasten to join in them our- selves; when we sit in the chair of the Pharisee and raise our hands in horror at the rumor of our brother's fault; when we are tempted to condemn our brother by that stern and rigid rule we keep for others; then, then, if we are honest, we will hear in our own hearts the words of Nathan, words that are meant for us: "Thou art the man!" If our eyes are opened as Da- vid's were; if we have something of David's greatness of soul; we can say, humbly, as David said: "I have sinned against the Lord." And Christ's new com- mandment will break like the dawning upon a new heart. God bless you. THAT YOU LOVE ONE ANOTHER Talk given on November 11,1951 My dear friends: One day while the human race was still young in years but al- ready old in evil, God said to Cain: "Where is thy brother Abel?" And Cain answered: "I know not: am I my brother's keeper?" Then God said to him: "What hast thou done? the voice of thy brother's blood crieth to me from the earth" (Gen. 4:9- 10). "Am I my brother's keeper?"^ These words are not an inno- cent question; they are not even simply a poor excuse. They are hateful words, and death is in them, and man's history is bleak in their shadow. In hundreds of tongues, in thousands of forms, and millions of times; in accents sullen, defiant, revengeful, and cynical, they have sullied men's lips. And whenever, wherever, men say them, behind them the voice of a brother's blood cries out to God from the thirsty ground. This is a sombre background against which to speak about charity, about the love of God above all things, and the love of our brothers for the sake of God; but the love that Christ brought us to light up the world shines best against the dark. It was in the black hour of His be- trayal that our Lord gave us His last testament of love. While Judas Iscariot was hurrying through the night to a traitor's rendezvous—at that very time our Lord was saying to the elev- en Apostles still around the Sup- per table: "A new commandment I give unto you: That you love one another, as I. have loved you, that you also love one another" (John 13:34). This was truly a new commandment; in all the world's recorded history, no words like these had ever been spoken before. It was also Christ's own commandment, particularly and entirely His. A few minutes later He repeated it, for there must be no mis- understanding or mistake. "This is my commandment," He said; —"This is my commandment, that you love one another, as I have loved you" (John 15: 12). This week and next, we will try together, relying humbly on His help, to face in simple hon- esty what our Lord asks of us in His new commandment. It is "THAT YOU LOVE ONE ANOTHER..." 11 not easy. But then, He never said it was. I think that for today we should recall what Christ has told us about the love of those around us, our brothers under God. Now to speak of love of neighbor first does not by any means imply that love of neigh- bor can be separated from the love of God. Neither one can ex- ist without the other, and there is no delusion more dangerous than to imagine that it can. Do you wish to have it said more bluntly? Then listen to Saint John: "If any man say, I love God, and hateth his brother; he is a liar. For he that loveth not his brother, whom he seeth, how can he love God, whom he seeth not? And this commandment we have from God, that he, who loveth God, love also his broth- er" (I John 4: 20-21). Saint Augustine too was faithful to his Master's teaching when he wrote: "Never say—never!— when you sin against your brother, 'I have offended only a man.' It is not so. When you sin against charity, you sin against God." It is a sad commentary on the sincerity of our Christian pro- fession that the basic obligation of the Christian life, the one our Lord most often emphasized, is the very-one in which we most often fail. For a ribbon in his coat, for a handful of silver, for an acre of ground, a man will betray and attack his brother; sometimes, even, when there is no personal advantage to be gained, when the only motive is envy, he will try by calumny and by slander to destroy his broth- er's reputation. And yet, at least twenty times in the four Gospels Christ pleads with us, urges us, commands us to love and help and forgive and show mercy to bur brothers under God. There is no other commandment—none whatsoever — that is repeated anywhere nearly so often. To take only one example, how could our Lord have spoken more plainly than in the great de- scription of the Last Judgment in the tweney-fifth chapter of Saint Matthew? Here the Son of Man, the King of Heaven, Christ our Lord in the glory of His angels, says to the just men standing at His right hand: "Come, ye blessed of my Father, possess you the king- dom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. For I was hungry, and you gave me to eat: I was thirsty, and you gave me to drink: I was a stranger, and you took me in: naked, and you covered me: sick, and you 12 A NEW COMMANDMENT visited me: I was in prison, and you came to me." Then the bless- ed ask our Lord in wonder, when did they do all this to Him? And He answers: "As long as you did it to one of these my least brethren, you did it to me." The tone of judgment changes, and the Lord of justice turns to those on His left hand: "Depart from me, you cursed, into everlasting fire which was prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry, and you gave me not to eat: I was thirsty, and you gave me not to drink. I was a strang- er, and you took me not in; nak- ed and you covered me not: sick, and in prison, and you did not visit me." The same question is asked again, this time by those who may have saved, in the world, much time and goods and money^by their lack of charity, but who have lost their souls: "Lord, when did we see thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister to thee?" Once again the answer is the same: "As long as you did it not to one of these least, neither did you do it to me" (Matt. 25: 31- 46). There are two things that strike us immediately about our Lord's foretelling of the Last Judgment. First : those who are condemned are not accused of having gone out of their way to do positive harm to their broth- er, but simply of having refused to help him in his need. We do not satisfy Christ's command- ment of love merely by going our own way through life, ourselves to ourselves, and ourselves for ourselves, "looking out for Num- ber One," "paddling our own canoe," "refusing to fight other people's battles,"—and all the rest of the shoddy cliches in the vocabulary of selfishness. The question Cain asked, and that we have atked so many times, is no escape. It has only one answer: "Yes. You are your brother's keeper!" Second, Christ's de- scription of the Last Judgment is not so much remarkable for what it includes, as for what it leaves out. We are not astonished to have the Lord of Judgment insist on love of neighbor. But have you noticed that He insists on nothing else? Indeed, in the whole tremendous scene of judg- ment, He mentions nothing else. What does this mean? What can it mean but that our love of neighbor is the touchstone and the index and the proof of all our faith, of our devotion, and of our service to Almighty God? "He that loveth his neighbor," Saint Paul wrote to the Romans, "THAT YOU LOVE ONE ANOTHER..." 13 "hath fulfilled the law" (Rom. 13: 9). If we seek the measure of our love of God, we need only ask ourselves an honest question, and have the courage to give our- selves an honest answer. Our love of God is in exact propor- tion to our love of those who share with us this earth God made. How do I love God? is the same question as, how do I love my neighbor? If we seek to know what we think of Christ, and how we treat Him, we need ask ourselves only what we think of and how we treat the least and the poorest and the weakest of His brothers and ours. These are tests that are easy to make. Do we dare, really dare to make them? As we continue to read through the Gospels, we find that Christ has given us careful guidance on how to live our lives in love of neighbor. He has left nothing uncertain. He has left nothing to our whim or fancy. He has left nothing to chance. He has given us three things. The first is a warning; the sec- ond is a privilege; the third is a command. First, the warning. It comes to us, as many of Christ's lessons do, in a parable. Our Lord once told his disciples a story about a king whose servant owed him a great sum of money—ten thou- sand talents, about sixty million times the average daily wage in Gospel times. The servant could not pay the king, and the king had pity on him, and forgave him the whole enormous debt. When the servant who had just been forgiven through the king's mercy had left the palace he met a fellow servant—one who owed him money. The amount was relatively trifling— a hundred pence: only one six-hundred- thousandth part of the debt the king had just forgiven. But now the tables were turned. The debt- or had become a creditor. He brushed aside all pleas for mercy and had his fellow servant seiz- ed and thrown in prison until the last penny should be paid. When the merciful king had heard of this he called the first man back into his palace and spoke to him in righteous anger:. "Thou wicked servant, I forgave thee all the debt, because thou be- soughtest me: Shouldst no thou then have had compassion also on thy fellow-servant, even as I had compassion on thee?" And then the king revoked his for- giveness of the debt, and treated the wicked servant as his selfish heart deserved. When the par- able was finished, our Lord said: "So also shall my heavenly Fa- 14 A NEW COMMANDMENT ther do to you, if you forgive not every one his brother from your hearts" (Matt. 18: 23-35). Has any one of us failed to recognize himself? Have we failed to see our fa- vorite excuse for lack of love de- molished? We say to ourselves: "Well, I may have been a little bit uncharitable in such and such a case, if you want to be technical about it. But is was such a little thing, so unimport- ant, so—what's the word I want?—picayune. And anyway, I was within my rights, wasn't I? I had good reason, didn't I? I have to show people that they can't make light of me, don't I ? Oh, but why should I bother to think about it, even? It was such a trifling, unimportant matter!" This is what we say to our- selves. We may not say it in just these words, but we say it. My dear friends, my brothers in Christ, the whole point of the parable is that the wicked ser- vant acted uncharitably in a trifling, unimportant matter. He refused to forgive his brother servant when his king had just forgiven him in a matter six hundred thousand times as great. How could the lesson be clearer? As we treat our broth- ers in small things, so God will treat us in the greatest, This is the warning. Our Lord Jesus Christ al- so gave us a privilege. He in- vited us to pray to God to treat us at His judgment seat as we treat our brothers on the earth. The words in which we exercise our privilege are as familiar to us as our own name. They are in the prayer Christ gave us when one of His disciples begged Him: "Lord, teach us to pray." How often, how many times a day, a year, a lifetime do we plead with our Father in heaven to "for- give us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us"? "Forgive us," we say, "in the manner, in the mea- sure, that we forgive our broth- ers in the world." "Forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us." Unless we forgive our brothers for their faults against us, for- give them with a full and open heart, how can we nerve our- selves to ask God that He treat us as we treat them? How can we act in hatred and revenge, and speak to God as if we were acting in love? But this is our glorious and dangerous privil- ege: to fix and determine by our mercy towards others the mercy we dare to ask of Him. A warning, a privilege, and at "THAT YOU LOVE ONE ANOTHER..." 17 last a command. The command, of course, is that we love one an- other as Christ has loved us. How has He loved us, and how must we love in turn? How are love of God and neighbor here united in a divine simplicity that reflects the very unity of God? All this, God willing, we shall think about next week. Until t h e n . . . May God bless you. . . AS I HAVE LOVED YOU' Talk given on November 18, 1951 My dear friends: Some years ago, I saw for the first time the "Sand Hills" coun- try of North Carolina. As every visitor there does, I suppose, I a d m i r e d extravagantly the beauty of the magnificent long- leafed pine trees. I remember telling everyone who would listen that they were different, completely different, from any pine tree I had ever seen be- fore. After a few days in Carolina, I came back to Washington; and the first thing that struck my eye on the University campus, almost directly in front of the building I live in, and right be- side a path I travel every day, was one of those same long- leafed pines. It had not been planted while I was away, either. It had been there for years. Probably most of us, at one time or another, have had much the same sort of experience—an experience that makes us real- ize that just to look at some- thing does not mean necessarily that we see it. Sometimes the things we are most familiar with are those of which we are least aware. It is possible, for instance—we spoke about this last week—to say the Lord's Prayer thousands of times, and not to realize what we are ask- ing for, what we are committing ourselves to, when we ask our Father in heaven to forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us. I said it was possible. It must be possible that we just do not realize what these words mean, or we could not go on saying the Lord's Prayer and acting to- wards our brothers the way we do. The same thing is true of the Gospels. We can read them over and over again; they can be, as they should be, part of our lives. And then suddenly one day a word or phrase will strike us in all its tremendous meaning, and we will discover that, although we have looked at it times with- out number, we have never really seen it before. Often, during the past few weeks, I have felt that what I have just been saying is true for many of us about those ". . . AS I HAVE LOVED YOU" 17 wonderful words that make up our Lord's last testament of love. "A new commandment I give unto you," He said, "That you love one another, as I have loved you, that you also love one another" (John 13:34). First of all, what is "new" about this new commandment? Our Lord had spoken many times about the love of neigh- bor, fa r more frequently, in fact, than he had spoken about anything else. In the Sermon on the Mount, He had recalled the "Golden Rule"; while teach- ing in the Temple at Jerusalem, He had reminded us of the two great commandments of the Law. Why had He saved His new commandment for that Last Supper with His apostles on the night before He died? I think we can understand the reason why, when we re- member that the Son of God came to earth not only as our Redeemer, but as our Teacher too. He came not only to make the Kingdom of Heaven reach- able, but to show us how to reach it. The last few days of Christ's life on earth are the climax not only of His work of redemption, but of His work as a Teacher as well. Now Christ our Lord was a great Teacher, beyond compare the greatest that the world has ever seen. He was a careful Teacher, and a prudent one. He knew that men must be pre- pared for truth, and that the higher and nobler a truth is, the longer and more difficult is the preparation to receive it. He knew too that a man's mind per- ceives the truth, but it is man's heart and will that act upon it. This is why our divine Lord did not teach His people every- thing all at once. Gradually, patiently, He explained who He was and why He lived among us—the Son of God our brother and our fellow human being. Gradually, patiently, by His charity towards the poor, His mercy for the sinner, and His compassion on the sick and wounded of the world, He moulded and formed men's hearts. From the very begin- ning He acted and spoke as the Messias announced by the prophets, and with the wisdom and authority of the co-equal Son of God; but He made no general, startling public claims until He had taught His people carefully, by His words and His example, what the Messias' mis- sion really was; until He had prepared their minds and hearts to realize that it was not strange or peculiar, but supremely and 18 A NEW COMMANDMENT divinely right that the Son of a village maiden and the foster- Son of a Nazareth carpenter should at the same time be the world's Saviour and the eternal Son of the most high God. In exactly the same way our Lord made ready men's minds and hearts for the complete and perfect way of life and love He gave them on the night before He died — for His new com- mandment, that we love one an- other as He has loved us. Early in His public life, in the Sermon on the Mount, our Lord said to the multitude gathered around Him: "All things there- fore whatsoever you would that men should do to you, do you also to them" "(Matt. 7:12). Now this is a rule and a good one, otherwise Christ would not have pronounced it; but it is a pre- liminary rule, and an introduc- tory one; it is not His final and personal word. It appeals to our reason, to our human nature and human discretion. And it was not new. In its negative form, "Do unto no one what you would not have him do unto you," we find it in the writings of the ancient pagan Stoic philoso- phers; and we find a similar expression in the Old "Testa- ment. It is a logical rule, since all men have the same nature. It is a discrete rule, since we should not expect other men to treat us any better than we treat them. It is a "Golden Rule," as fa r as it goes; but it does not go as fa r as Christ was to go and as fa r as we as Christians must follow Him. Later on in His public life, towards the end of the last year, our Lord was approached one day in the Temple by a Phar- isee, a doctor of the Law. Whether this man was fully sin- cere or not is difficult to say, but at any rate he asked a clear and simple question: "Master, which is the great command- ment in the law?" Jesus ans- wered: "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with thy whole heart, and with thy whole soul, and with thy whole mind. This is the greatest and the. f irst commandment. And the second is like to this: Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself" (Matt. 22: 35-39). Here too we have a rule of life, and a fuller and more perfect one than the "Golden Rule." Here the love of neighbor is bound up closely, as it must be, with the love of God. The f irst great commandment our Lord recalled to the Pharisee is part of that noble prayer of the Jewish people called the Shema. It was well known to our ". . . AS I HAVE LOVED YOU" 19 Lord's hearers since it was re- peated twice a day, morning and night, by every son of Israel grown to man's estate. The second great commandment, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself," is found also in the Old Testament. Neither one could be called completely new. I say "completely" new for two reasons. First because some competent scholars believe it probable that our Lord was the first one in the history of His people to bind these two com- mandments so closely together; and second because our Lord did enlarge and broaden the hor- izons of his hearers, teaching them that by their "neighbor" was meant not only the members of their own family, tribe, or race, but also the strangers who dwelt in foreign lands, and even their hereditary enemies. So even the most familiar words of the ancient Law, when spoken by our Lord, took on a new and deeper and wider meaning from Him who makes all things new. Now even the great command- ment that we love our neighbor as we love oursqjves is not the final and personal command- ment of our Lord. He who came not to destroy but to fulfill the Law and the prophets was to fulfill beyond any human meas- ure the law of love. The measure of love Christ gave us is not only the "Golden Rule" of doing to others what we would wish them to do to us; it is not only the great commandment to love our neighbor as we love ourselves. We do not find Christ's measure in the pagan philosophers; we do not find it in the ancient Law. Christ's own command- ment, the one that includes and fulfills and makes perfect all the others, is to love one another as He has loved us! All this we are led to think about when we see, and do not just look at, the little word "new." We see now too why Christ re- served His new commandment for the night before He died. Who could understand the mean- ing of Christ's love for us, until He had lived His life for us? Who could ever understand the meaning of His death upon the cross, unless He Himself had told us, in the same breath in which He gave us His command- ment: "Greater love than this no man hath, that a man lay down his life for his friends"? (John 15: 13). To see the dying Christ on Calvary is to see not only what He has done for us, it is to see what He has com- manded us to be ready and will- 20 A NEW COMMANDMENT ing to do for Him. And remem- ber too, remember, that what we do for the least of His brothers on earth — that is what we do for Him. The love that could say to the penitent thief: "This day thou shalt be with me in paradise" (Luke 23:43), is the love that He expects of us. The love that could say about those who crucified Him: "Father, for- give them, for they know not what they do"' (Luke 23:34)— that is the love He expects of us. The love whose pain and cost is God's body dead upon a cross —that is the love He expects of us. Please believe me, there has been no exaggeration in what has been said about the supreme obligation of Christian charity and the lesser obligations it in- cludes. Saint John has said it in very simple words, and Saint John saw his Master live and die, and listened to Him when He taught. This is what Saint John said: "God has proved his love to us by laying down his life for our sakes; we too must be ready to lay down our lives for the sake of our brethren. And now, suppose that a man has the worldly goods he needs, and sees his brother go in want; if he steels his heart against his brother, how can we say that the love of God dwells in him? My little children, let us show our love by the true test of action, not by taking phrases on our lips" (John 3:16-18). These words of the Beloved Apostle are so gentle and childlike that we have to look at them closely to see how they glow with the light and the fire and the flame of Christian love. Once the Master has given us the proper master-key, all doors come open at our touch. Why, for instance, could Saint Paul say that "He that loveth his neighbor, hath fulfilled the law" ? (Rom. 13: 8) Why did he not mention also here the love of God? Can a man love his neigh- bor without loving God? Ah, but Saint Paul knew well that we cannot love one another as Christ wills us to love, unless we love one another in and for God. Why is no human motive sufficient? Because we love one another as Christ has loved us, and His love for us was not only human but divine. No human motive is strong enough to make us live, to make us willing to die not only for our friends and im- mediate family, but for the least of all Christ's brothers in the world. No human vision is clear ". . . AS I HAVE LOVED YOU" 21 enough to see through the smoke of earth's battles, to pierce through veils of hate and iron curtains, and find among those who act as our enemies the souls Christ died to save. There is no" other way to see all our brothers but through the eyes of God. We are allowed to hate no one; there is no one we can deliber- ately exclude from our charity, however a stranger, however afar. Humanly this is impos- sible; but all things are possible in God. In God. The love of one another Christ commanded is bound up with the very inner life of God. For our Lord has told us that we must love one another as He has loved us; and He has told us also that He loves us even as His Father in heaven loves Him (cf. John 15: 9). One final word. If anyone should tell you that to think as we have been doing together about the love of God and neigh- bor is "impractical," "remote from our daily lives," or "far- fetched," do not believe him for an instant. Possibly within the next few minutes, probably within the hour, certainly with- in the day, every one of us will be faced with some choice — to speak or be silent, to act or not to act; and the choice we make will witness to God how real our charity is. May the Christ who loved us even unto Calvary help all of us love in turn. God bless you. THE FULLNESS OF CHRIST Talk given on November 25, 1951 My dear friends: On the twenty-fourth of August, in the year 410, the barbarian armies of Alaric the Goth captured and plundered the city of Rome. It was the f irst great disaster in the long trag- edy of the fall of the Roman Em- pire, and the news ran like an earthquake tremor through the world. For a thousand years Rome had been the triumphant symbol of earthly stability, pow- er, pride; and even the bitterest critics of its luxury and corrup- tion were shocked to see the Im- perial City trampled in the dust. From far-off Bethlehem we hear the words of Saint Jerome: "A terrible rumor reaches me from the West, telling of Rome be- sieged, bought for gold, besieged again, life and property perish- ing together. My voice falters, sobs stifle the words I dictate; for she is a captive, the city that held the world in thrall." In northern Africa, the Bish- op Saint Augustine pondered long and deeply over a curious contrast: despite the power of its once mighty legions, Rome was falling; while the unarmed, defenseless Church of Christ lived on. Why was the one dying, why did the other live? These questions Saint Augustine ans- wered in a book that was thir- teen years in the writing, a book he called "The City of God." "Two loves," he said, "built two cities. The earthly city was built by the love of self carried even to contempt of God; the heavenly city was built by the love of God, carried even to con- tempt of self. The earthly city glories in itself; the heavenly city glories in the Lord. . . In the one, the princes and nations it subdues are ruled by the love of ruling; in the other, the princes and subjects serve one another in love. . . The one de- lights in its own strength, rep- resented by the persons of its rulers; the other says to its God, 'I will love thee, 0 Lord, my strength. '" Not long after Saint Augus- tine finished writing "The City of God," his own home city in Africa fell to the barbarian hor- des. He lay on his death-bed while the Vandal armies were drawn up around the city walls. THE FULLNE Augustine died, and the city he lived in was destroyed; but his words did not die and they can- not be destroyed. As Cardinal Newman wrote of him: "His voice is gone out into all lands, and his words unto the ends of the worid. He needs no dwelling- place, whose home is the Catho- lic Church; he fears no barbar- ian or heretical desolation, whose creed is destined to last unto the end." For Saint Augustine, the City of God was both a symbol and a reality. As a symbol it was timeless; its citizens were all those who since the making of the angels have carried on the battle against the Prince of Evil for the love of God. As a reality, the City of God was that city of love that dwells in time and on the earth, and is known to men as the Catholic Church. During this past month, we have been trying to understand together the meaning of that love of God and neighbor Christ gave us as a rule of life. "A new commandment I give unto you," He said at the Last Supper: "That you love one another, as I have loved you, that you also love one another" (John 13: 34). We saw last week that to love one another as Christ has loved us means simply that we must be 3S OF CHRIST 23 ready to live and willing even to die for the least of Christ's brothers on the earth. We saw too that such love is impossible unless it is founded on the love of God. Our Lord's new commandment is the key to many things. It opens up to us the meaning of His life and death for us; it unlocks for us the riddle of our own existence on the earth. I t is also, I think, the key to an un- derstanding of the Church Christ founded to be His living voice forever among men. The Church is truly the City of God, and built by the love of God, as Saint Augustine wrote so many centuries ago. Had it been an earthly city, built by selfishness and lust for power, it would long ago have vanished in the mist of centuries, like the empires of Assyria and Babylon and Rome. Had the Church been an earthly city I would not now be speaking these words, nor would you be listening to them. There would be no "Catholic Hour," because there would be no Catholic Church. The love that built, and builds . today God's City is the love Christ had for us — that love for God His heavenly Father and love for us His fellow hu- man beings that Christ com- 24 A NEW COMMANDMENT manded us to have if we pre- sumed to use His name. The love by which the Catholic Church today works and lives, and in the blood of martyrs dies to rise again, is the love Christ had— and has!—for us. It is not a love like that of Christ, it is not an imitation or an echo of that love. It is the same love. In the love of the Church, Christ loves; in Christ's love, the Church loves. Please let me explain what I mean, because it is very import- ant. Unless we understand it, we cannot understand the Church. Paradoxically enough, t h e Catholic Church would not be the City of God unless it were more, even, than the City of God. For the Church our Lord found- ed to be His heavenly city was to belong to Him in a manner fa r more intimate and wonder- ful than any city, even a heaven- ly one, could ever do. His Church was to be His own living body, in a supernatural and divinely mysterious sense. This is what we mean when we speak of the Church as the Mystical Body of Christ. Do we realize what it means, do we dare to face what it means, to be a member of the Church of Christ? Listen to what Saint Paul wrote to the Romans: "For just as in one body we have many members, yet all the members have not the same function, so we, the many, are one body in Christ, but sev- erally members one of another" (Rom. 12: 4-5). Here, too, is what Saint Paul wrote to the Christians of Corinth: "For as the body is one, and has many members, and all the members of the body, many as they are, form one body, so also is it with Christ. . . And if one member suffers anything, all the mem- bers suffer with it, or if one member glories, all the members rejoice with it. Now you are the body of Christ, member for member" (I Cor. 12: 12, 26-27). Surely the meaning of all this is clear. Obviously the Church is not the human, physical body of Christ, which is present only in heaven, on His Father's right hand, and on earth in the Holy Eucharist under the appearance of bread and wine. But the Church is Christ's body — as we said a moment ago—in a supernatural and mysterious sense. The members of the Church are bound together and act together as a human body acts; each member depends upon the others, and what affects one of them affects all. As the hu- man mind directs and rules a hu- THE FULLNE 3S OF CHRIST 25 man body, so Christ our Lord, the Head of the Church, directs and rules the members of His Mystical Body. And like human blood the grace of Christ courses through the veins and arteries, the sacramental channels that nourish His Mystical Body, the Church. This is why we are able to -say, this is why we must say, that when the Church acts, Christ acts; and when the Church loves, Christ loves — not with a similar love, not with a parallel love, but with the same love! Is it so very hard now, when we realize this, to love one an- other as Christ has loved us? When He gave us His new com- mandment, He did not leave us to shoulder its burden alone. He did not leave us orphans, with- out help, without a guide. He left us with a Church that is His body, with a living voice that is His own, with a work of love to do that is His work, with a life of love to lead that is the life He leads on earth. I said unless we understand all this, we cannot understand the Church. Why does the Church teach, and insist upon its right to teach ? Because Christ taught, and in His Church He teaches still. Why does the Church stand humbly yet fear- lessly before the tyrants of the world? Because Christ so stood before tyrants, and in His Church He stands before them still. Why is the Church so mer- ciful to unfashionable sinners, and so stern towards fashion- able sins? Because Christ was merciful, and Christ was stern, and in His Church He is the same way still. I shall not belabor the point by listing the Church's works of charity towards the poor and the sick and the unfortunate of every land. Our Lord once said: "The works which the Father hath given me to perfect; the works themselves which I do, give testimony of me, that the Father hath sent me" (John 5:36). And in His Church He says the same thing still. When we think about Christ's new commandment of love, we cannot help recalling the great-- est gift of all He left us. We think about them together, be- cause they go together. He willed to live in us, and willed that we should live in Him, in His Mystical Body the Church. But He did even more than that. On the night He gave us His new commandment—on that same night before He died, He willed and He accomplished that 26 A NEW COMMANDMENT the love by which His Mystical Body lives should find its vital center and its living food in His own body and. blood, soul and divinity in the Blessed Sacra- men of the altar. He took bread and blessed it, and said:. "This is my body, which is given for you"; and He took in like man- ner the chalice of wine and said: "This is my blood of the new testament, which shall be shed for many unto remission of sins." He said, too: "Do this for a commemoration of me." (Luke 22: 19; Matt. 26: 28). So, as He had promised, He gave to His apostles and through them to us forever, His body and blood as the food of eternal life. When our Lord commanded us to love one another as He has loved us, He did not hide from us what that love means. "Great- er love than this no man hath," He said, "that a man lay down his life for his friends" (John 15: 13). In the Holy Eucharist, His body and blood, the body that was bruised and beaten for us and the blood that was shed for us, He gave us a commemor- ation for as long as the world shall last, of how He has loved us, and of how we must love in our turn. Remember what Saint Paul said about the Holy Euch- arist? "For as often as you shall eat this bread, and drink the chalice, you shall shew forth the death of the Lord, until he come" (I Cor. 11: 23). Every moment of the day, in some corner of the world, the bread and wine of the Sacrifice of the Mass are changed into the body and blood of Christ. And every moment of the day, in great cathedrals, in village churches, and in the secret places hidden from the persecutions of a brutal century, there rests upon the altar the sacramental proof of how Christ loves us. Is it so hard, so very hard now, when Christ Himself comes to us in the Eucharist, to love one an- other as He has loved us? The love He asks of us is stronger than death is strong, and wider than the world is wide. It knows no barriers of race or color; no oceans limit it, or rational boundaries; it em- braces those who believe as we do, and those who do not; no man is a stranger, no man stands alone; all men are our brothers, because Christ died for all. And whatever we do, how- ever small, for love of God and our brothers, helps in some way to show to the world the fullness of Christ. THE FULLNE 3S OF CHRIST 27 And so, for you and me, an- other month together has come to an end. I have tried to recall to you — and to myself — a little of what Christ our Lord has told us about the love of God and of our fellow men. I am deeply grateful to'you for list- ening; grateful to those of the Catholic Faith that in God's mercy is mine as well and grateful to those who do not share that Faith and of whose kindness and sympathy I have in many ways been made aware. No words of mine, I feel, would be a fitting close, but from the great heart of Saint Paul there comes a prayer for all of us: "May Christ find a dwelling- place, through faith, in your hearts; may your lives be rooted in love, founded on love. May you and all the saints be en- abled to measure, in all its breadth and length and height and depth, the love of Christ, to know what passes knowledge. May you be filled with all the completion God has to give. He whose power is at work in us is powerful enough, and more than powerful enough, to carry out his purpose beyond all our hopes and dreams; may he be glorified in the Church, and in Christ Jesus, to the last gener- ation of eternity. Amen" (Eph. 3: 17-21). God bless you and goodbye. THE PURPOSE OF THE CATHOLIC HOUR 'Extract from the address of the late Patrick Cardinal Hayes at the in- augural program of the Catholic Hour in the studio of the National Broadcasting Company, New York City, March 2, 1930.) Our congratulations and our gratitude are extended to the National Council of Catholic Men and its officials, and to all who. by their financial support, have made it possible to use this offer of the National Broad- casting Company. The heavy expense of managing and financing a weekly program, its musical numbers, its speakers, the subsequent an- swering of inquiries, must be met. . . . This radio hour is for all the people of the United States. To our fellow-citizens, in this word" of dedication, we wish to express a cordial greeting and, indeed, congratulations. For this radio hour is one of service to America, which certainly will listen in interestedly, and even sympathetically, I am sure, to the voice of the ancient Church with its historic background of all the centuries of the Christian era, and with its own notable contribution to the discovery, exploration, foundation and growth of our glorious country. . . . * Thus to voice before a vast public the Catholic Church is no light task. Our prayers will be with those who have that task in hand. We feel certain that it will have both the good will and the good wishes of the great majority of our countrymen. Surely, there is no true lover of our Country who does not eagerly hope for a less worldly, a less material, and a more spiritual standard among our people. With good will, with kindness and with Christ-like sympathy for all. this work is inaugurated. So may it continue. So may it be ful- filled. This word of dedication voices, therefore, the hope that this radio hour may serve to make known, to explain with the charity of Christ, our faith, which we love even as we love Christ Himself. May it serve to make better understood that faith as it really is—a light revealing the pathway to heaven: a strength, and a power divine through Christ; pardoning our sins, elevating, consecrating our common every-day duties and joys, bringing not only justice but gladness and peace to our search- ing and questioning hearts. 127 CATHOLIC HOUR STATIONS Alabama- Arizona In 42 States, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii Mobile _...._WALA Montgomery WSFA* California- Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia- Florida -Douglas KAWT Globe KWJR Phoenix ...KTAR Prescott . KYCA Safford— KGLU Tucson . . .KVOA Yuma KYUM Bakersfìeld .KERO Fresno KMJ Los Angeles KFI Sacramento . „.. KCRA San Francisco .___ KPO Santa Barbara . ; KIST _ Denver : , KOA Georgia.. . Hartford WTIC* -Washington.... ; ..WRC -Jacksonville ...... ... ..WJAX Miami WIOD Orlando WORZ Pensacola WCOA Tampa... .. ... ...„ • .....WFLA . Attnntn . ..WSB A u g u s t a . — : .WTNT Savannah.... WSAV Idaho— Illinois... ..K1DO* Indiana- . Elkhart Iowa Kansas- Kentucky.. Louisiana- Baton Rouge— ...WJBO Maine Maryland- Massachusetts.. Michigan Lafayette. 8 KVOL Lake Charles KPLC Monroe..... KNOE New Orleans WSMB Shreveoort.. .... i . KTBS* ..Augusta WRDO Bangor .... .... WLBZ» .Baltimore .WTBO Cumberland /.: :............ ¿._.......WBAL ,. Boston WBZ Springfield....:. WBZA Detroit- Flint— WWJ ..WTCB Minnesota Montana.. - 1 4 1 0 kc -1440 kc -1450 kc ...1240 kc _ 620 kc ...1490 kc -1450 kc .1290 kc —.'.—-.„.1240 kc 1230 kc ... 580 kc «40 kc 1340 kc 680 kc 1340 kc 850 kc _ Boise ^ _ Ch icago WMAQ Peor ia .—• .....__..., WEEK 10»0 kc 980 kc 930 kc 610 kc 740 kc 1370 kc . 970-620 kc 750 kc 1230 kc 1340 kc _ 1 3 8 0 kc - 670 kc .1350 kc ...WTRC .-WOWO ..WIRE* Fort Wayne Indianapolis Terre Haute WBOW .. Davenport— _..WOC* Des Moines WHO „Hutchinson .... KWBW Wichita - — ; _ _ — _ . . .KANi .Louisville WAVE* -Alexandria...... KYSL 1340 kc ] 1190 kc 1430 kc 1230 kc -1420 kc .1040 kc -1450 kc .1240 kc - 970 kc 1400 kc Saginaw ... .......WSAM* Duluth-Superior WEBC -Hlbbing WMFG Mankato KYSM Minneapoils-St Paul ...........KSTP Rochester (CROC -Billings KGHL Bauman . . KRBM 127 CATHOLIC HOUR STATIONS In 4 2 States, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii Butt« . KGIR 1370 ke Great Falls KXLK 1400 kc Helena K X U 1240 ke Nebraska North Platte. KOOY 1240 kc Omaha WOW - 590 kc Nevada. Reno. KOH* 630 kc New Hampshire Manchester S WFEA 1240 k* New Mexico Albuquerque KOB 1030 k c New York Buffalo. ... WBEN »30 kc New York WNBC «60 ke Schenectady :.WGY 810 ke North Carolina Asheville WISE» 1230 ke Charlotte. WSOC 1240 kc Raleigh WPTF 680 ke Winston-Salem WSJS 600 ke North Dakota Bismark KFYR 350 ke Fargo l WDAY 970 fcc Ohio Cleveland WTAM 1100 ke Lima — W L O K 1240 ke Toledo WSPD» 1340 kc Zanesville WHIZ 1240 kc Oklahoma Oklahoma City _ _ . W K Y » 930 ke Tulsa KVOO 1170 kc Oregon Med ford _ . . .KMED 1440 kc Portland ....: ..KGW» ' 620 kc Pennsylvania Altoona WSAN 1470 kc Erie . WFBG 1340 kc Johnstown ; ...WERC 1230 kc Lewistown WJAC 1400 kc Philadelphia WMRF _ _ _ 1 4 9 0 kc Pittsburgh KYW _ 1 0 6 0 kc Reading .KOKA 1020 kc Wilkes-Barre WRAW 1340 kc Williamsport WBRE 1340 ke Allentown WRAK 1400 ke Rhode Island Providence WJAR 920 kc South Carolina. .Charleston— : WTMA 1290 kc Columbia .W'iS* 560 kc Greenville WFBC* 1330 kc South Dakota Sioux Falls KSOO-KELO ..1140-1230 kc Tennessee Memphis ; WMC* 790 kc Nashville— , WSM* 650 kc Texas Amarlllo KGNC* 1440 kc El Paso KTSM* 1380 kc Fort Worth WPAB* 820 kc Houston KPRC* 950 kc San Antonio WOAI 1200 kc Weslaco KRGV* _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 9 0 kc Utah Salt Lake City __..~KYDL» 1320 kc Virginia i Harrisonburg • » WSVA ; 550 kc Martinsville .....WMVA 1450 kc Norfolk : WTAR» 790 kc Richmond WMBG 1380 ke Washington Seattle KOMO* 950 kc Spokane KHQ* 590 kc Wisconsin Eau Claire WEAU 790 kc La Crosse. WKBH 1410 kc Marinette v̂maM* d/o Hawaii ! 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