key: cord-1036665-dgv7y5ub authors: COLSON, Philippe; PAROLA, Philippe; RAOULT, Didier title: The emergence, dynamics and significance of SARS-CoV-2 variants date: 2022-02-01 journal: New Microbes New Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.100962 sha: e5fae294c9111534182bf6f8e46fad4bc15d4e70 doc_id: 1036665 cord_uid: dgv7y5ub nan the Alpha variant [6] . Since 2021, the WHO has defined variants of interest and of concern 21 [7]. We defined the variants as clades whose emergence is caused by the appearance of an 22 original combination of at least five mutations including at least 30 members [8] .The variant 23 that we called Marseille-4, for example, a subclade of which presents one of the hallmarks of 24 epidemic viruses that is the knock-out of the ORF8 gene as found in the Alpha variant[9], has 25 been detected in more than 10,000 patients in our laboratory with more than 7,000 genomes 26 obtained [8, 10] . This illustrates its considerable spread. Overall, the molecular surveillance 27 carried out in our laboratory led to genotype the virus from more than 44,000 patients and to 28 obtain the viral genome for more than 25,000 of them, and this The figure is comprised by screenshots from the CoVariants website (https://covariants.org/) The two faces of mutation CoVariants: SARS-CoV-2 mutations and variants of interest Untangling introductions and persistence in COVID-19 resurgence in Europe Introduction of SARS-CoV-2 mutants and variants in the Marseille geographical area through travel from abroad Introduction 113 into the Marseille geographical area of a mild SARS-CoV-2 variant originating from 114 sub-Saharan Africa: An investigational study Emergence and outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 'Marseille-4' variant Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020 Southern France of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant of probably Cameroonian origin 132 harbouring both substitutions N501Y and E484K in the spike protein The emergence, genomic diversity and global spread of 135 SARS-CoV-2 A 137 perspective on potential antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection-enhancing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 140 recognize both the original Wuhan/D614G strain and Delta variants. A potential risk for 141 mass vaccination? Neutralization of SARS CoV-2 Omicron variant by sera from BNT162b2 or Coronavac vaccine recipients Online ahead of print Reduced 146 neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 by vaccine and convalescent serum Recycling of chloroquine and its hydroxyl analogue to 153 face bacterial, fungal and viral infections in the 21st century Heterogeneity in 156 susceptibility to hydroxychloroquine of SARS-CoV-2 isolates disease and diplomacy: GISAID's innovative 159 contribution to global health