key: cord-1015257-hz7q6tis authors: Zhang, Wen-jin; Zhao, Zhen-yu; Chang, Li-kun; Cao, Ye; Wang, Sheng; Kang, Chuan-zhi; Wang, Hong-yang; Zhou, Li; Huang, Lu-qi; Guo, Lan-ping title: Atractylodis Rhizoma: a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control date: 2020-09-28 journal: J Ethnopharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113415 sha: 0bdea9d14d1234ff4f6676792c58ff147fe77988 doc_id: 1015257 cord_uid: hz7q6tis ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Atractylodis Rhizoma (AR), mainly includes Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (A. lancea) and Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. (A. chinensis) is widely used in East Asia as a diuretic and stomachic drug, for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, digestive disorders, night blindness, and influenza as it contains a variety of sesquiterpenoids and other components of medicinal importance. AIM OF THE REVIEW: A systematic summary on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and quality control of AR was presented to explore the future therapeutic potential and scientific potential of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the literature was performed by consulting scientific databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, Springer, PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, etc. Plant taxonomy was confirmed to the database “The Plant List”. RESULTS: Over 200 chemical compounds have been isolated from AR, notably sesquiterpenoids and alkynes. Various pharmacological activities have been demonstrated, especially improving gastrointestinal function and thus allowed to assert most of the traditional uses of AR. CONCLUSIONS: The researches on AR are extensive, but gaps still remain. The molecular mechanism, structure-activity relationship, potential synergistic and antagonistic effects of these components need to be further elucidated. It is suggested that further studies should be carried out in the aspects of comprehensive evaluation of the quality of medicinal materials, understanding of the “effective forms” and “additive effects” of the pharmacodynamic substances based on the same pharmacophore of TCM, and its long-term toxicity in vivo and clinical efficacy. relax muscle and induce perspiration. It can dispel the cold and pathogenic wind on the 168 surface of the skin. However, the effect of sweating is not obvious. AR is most suitable 169 for treating cold and dampness because it is good at dehumidification. According to the 170 Yaopin Hua Yi (Jia, 2015) , AR is the main drug from the treatment of the syndrome of 294 determined the absolute configuration of compounds 33 and 34 via circular dichroism. 295 Endo et al. (1979) isolated atractylenolide II (37) from A. japonica for the first time and 296 analyzed its structure. Atractylolide Ⅲ (38) was isolated from A. Japonica for the first 297 time by Yosioka et al. (1959) . And both atractylolide Ⅲ and atractylone had acaricidal were reported to be contained in AM (Table 3 , 86-122). As shown in As seen in Table 7 , AR has been used as TCM for several thousand years, and According to TCM , the adverse reactions of AR are mainly manifested in "dryness". The "dryness" of AR is not only a pharmacological action for treating diseases but also a 734 factor causing adverse reactions. Unprocessed AR has strong "dryness" and is easy to In the case of Yin deficiency and heat injury to the body, the "dryness" of AR is 743 particularly prominent. Therefore, Bencao Jingshu recorded that "AR should not be taken 744 for diseases that belong to Yin deficiency, blood deficiency, essence deficiency, tidal 745 fever, dry mouth and lips, cough and spit, spitting blood, sore nose and throat, and Table 4 The aromatic glycosides and its structure of Atractylodis Rhizoma. Nos. Compounds name Structure Origin and Ref. Aromatic glycosides J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Table 5 The acyl sugar compounds and its structure of Atractylodis Rhizoma. Chinese materia medica Transcriptomics analysis investigates 978 sesquiterpenoids accumulation pattern in different tissues of Atractylodes lancea Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive constituents of Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi Studies on the chemical constituents of Atractylodes lancea and Angelica chinensis A new 9-nor-atractylodin from Atractylodes lancea and the 986 antibacterial activity of the atractylodin derivatives Antagonism by β-eudesmol of neostigmine-induced neuromuscular 990 failure in mouse diaphragms Acetylene 992 compound isolated from Atractylodes japonica stimulates the contractility of rat distal colon via 993 inhibiting the nitrergic-purinergic relaxation Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China Advances in studies on 998 chemical compositions of Atractylodes lancea and their biological activities Chinese materia medica A review on plant-derived natural products and 1001 their analogs with anti-tumor activity A new cytotoxic prenylated dihydrobenzofuran 1003 derivative and other chemical constituents from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea DC Editorial Committee of National Chinese Medical Manage Bureau Chinese 1006 Antiinflammatory 1010 principles of Atractylodes rhizomes ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice fed a high fat Western-style diet Two 1015 new thiophene polyacetylene glycosides from Atractylodes lancea A study on the medicinal plants of the genus 1018 Inhibition of STAT 3 signalling contributes to the antimelanoma action of 1021 atractylenolide II Shen Nong's herbal classic. Peking, China. People's Medical Publishing House Research on ecological factors affecting the quality of Atractylodes lancea. China 1027 Academy of Variation rules and chemotype classification of 1029 Atractylodes lancea essential oil based on bio-information science Analysis of the volatile oil composition characteristics 1031 of authentic herbs of Atractylodes lancea Inhibitory effects of atractylone on mast cell-mediated allergic reactions Biotransformation of 1037 hinesol isolated from the crude drug Atractylodes lancea by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus 1038 cellulosae Studies on the constituents of atractylodes. IX. structure and 1040 autoxidation of atractylon Atractylodes spp.: in vitro culture and the evaluation of micropropagated plants for 1042 sesquiterpenes and acetylenic compounds, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants V Sesquiterpenes from Atractylodes japonica and their inhibitory 1044 activities on nitric oxide production in macrophage RAW264. 7 cells Induction of apoptosis and differentiation by 1046 atractylenolide-1 isolated from Atractylodes macrocephala in human leukemia cells Structure elucidation of acylsucrose derivatives from Atractylodes lanceae rhizome and 1049 Atractylodes rhizome Acidic polysaccharides from rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea as protective principle in 1052 candida-lnfected mice Antibacterial activity of phytochemicals isolated from Atractylodes japonica against 1055 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Anti-inflammatory activity of atractylenolide III through 1057 inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in mouse 1058 macrophages A new polyacetylene 1060 glycoside from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea Atractylodes lancea in dabie mountains Atractylodes lancea Lipase inhibition and antiobesity effect of Atractylodes lancea Studies on the chemical constituents of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz Pharmacological effects of medicinal components of 1072 New 1074 sesquiterpenoids isolated from Atractylodes lancea fermented by marine fungus Polyacetylene compounds from 1077 atractylodes rhizome Comparison of the outer morphologies, growth and the components in the 1079 rhizomes of Atractylodes plants cultivated in Kyoto and Bejing Atractylone, an active constituent 1081 of KMP6, attenuates allergic inflammation on allergic rhinitis in vitro and in vivo models 5R)-5-Ethyl-6 -methyl-2-heptanyl 3S,8S,9S,10R,13R 17-dodecahyd ro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenan thren-3-ol] (4E,6E,12E)-1-acetoxy-3-is ovaleryloxy-4 →6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (8S,9R)-2E,10Z,12-trideca diene-4,6-diyne-1 9R)-2E,10Z,12-trideca diene-4,6-diyne-1 12-tridec atriene-4,6-diyne-1,10,11-tr iol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosi de 153 (10R,11R)-2E,8E,12-tridec atriene-4,6-diyne-1,10,11-tr iol-1,10-O-di-β-D-glucopyr anoside 154 (10R,11R)-2E,8E,12-tridec atriene-4,6-diyne-1,10,11-tr iol-10-O-β-Dapiofuranosyl-(1→6) -β-D-glucopyranoside 155 (10R,11S)-2R,8E,12-tridec atriene-4,6-diyne-1,10,11-tr iol-10-O-β-D-glucopyranos ide 156 (10R,11S)-2E,8E,12-tridec atriene-4,6-diyne-1,10,11-tr iol-10-O-β-Dapiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-Dglucopyranoside (10S,11R)-2E,8E,12-tridec atriene-4,6-diyne-1 -furyl)-(7E)-non-ene-3, 5-diyne-l,2-diacetate Other alkynes and their glycosides 2 Table 6 The other compounds and its structure of Atractylodis Rhizoma. Reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the plasma and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory mediators iNOS and NF-κB in jejunal segments in both CP and DP rats. Autonomic nerve activity