key: cord-0986161-51u5mzcb
authors: Singh, Yogendra; Fuloria, Neeraj Kumar; Fuloria, Shivkanya; Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan; Meenakshi, Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan; Chakravarthi, Srikumar; Kumari, Usha; Joshi, Navneet; Gupta, Gaurav
title: N‐terminal domain of SARS CoV‐2 spike protein mutation associated reduction in effectivity of neutralizing antibody with vaccinated individuals
date: 2021-07-14
journal: J Med Virol
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27181
sha: dcf06a65b51b483827b6db0ada3e005a2f0c9ba9
doc_id: 986161
cord_uid: 51u5mzcb

nan

N-terminal domain of SARS CoV-2 spike protein mutation associated reduction in effectivity of neutralizing antibody with vaccinated individuals Antiviral immunity also relies on adaptive cellular immunity, with the antiviral effectors being cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes that identify infected cells expressing viral proteins rather than antibodies. In contrast to antibodies, viral proteins are identified as protein fragments (peptides) associated with major histocompatibility complexes and T cell receptors.

Recent investigations demonstrate that the present mutant versions of SARS-CoV-2 have a negligible effect on T cell-based immunity, which may compensate for the crippling effect these mutations may have on parallel humoral response. 14, 15 In addition, CD8+ T lymphocytes specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein were not found in the previous study of peripheral blood from nonvaccinated or two-dose-vaccinated donors. However, many immunocompromised individuals, immunodeficient individuals, or individuals with a disease that suppresses immunity, such as those receiving chemotherapy or immunotherapy, may not generate adequate cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 following vaccination ( Figure 1 ).

These above findings conclude that the combination of COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells may be a potent tool for developing T cell-based adoptive cellular immunotherapy of COVID-19 in the NTD of SARS CoV-2 Spike (S) protein mutation associated with a decrease in neutralizing antibody effectivity in vaccinated individuals.

The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests. 

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