key: cord-0972067-44b49s7f
authors: Ateya, Areej Mohamed; Sabri, Nagwa A.
title: Zinc supplementation for males during COVID-19: Is it beneficial ?
date: 2020-11-20
journal: Med Hypotheses
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110403
sha: ceffd41b3459b3229cb57aa1ebcd89a4c38aab71
doc_id: 972067
cord_uid: 44b49s7f

nan

Kumar et al. discussed the role of zinc in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 [1] . This is one of multiple manuscripts providing evidence of zinc benefits as intervention for COVID-19 patients. We greatly appreciate the suggested mechanisms and we want to propose an additional effect for zinc in COVID-19 infected males.

It is now well known that ACE2 is the key receptor for the viral entry into human cells. This process is also mediated by TMPRSS2. As both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in the testes (spermatogonia, Sertoli and Leydig cells) and in the prostate, an interesting topic that emerged in COVID-19 era is the impact of the virus on the male reproductive system and its ability to induce infertility. Several studies have been conducted to determine if the virus is present in the semen of infected patients, however the results are limited and conflicting [2] . Recently, Bendayan et al. declared that even with the absence of the virus in the semen, COVID-19 can result in the dysregulation of spermatogenesis due to fever, a symptom observed in 80% of infected patients [3] .

Zinc is one of the essential nutrients for proper spermatogenesis. It plays a key role in the production, storage and secretion of numerous enzymes involved in the function of spermatozoa and the protection against sperm damage. Zinc deficiency is associated with impaired spermatogenesis, and a daily intake of zinc is necessary for normal function of the male reproductive system [4] .

Individuals with zinc deficiency are also at increased risk for severe SARS-COV-2 outcomes and multiple studies supported the potential benefits of zinc for COVID-19 patients [5, 6] . Kumar et al. recommended the use of zinc in COVID-19 for its antiviral properties, represented by its ability to generate innate and acquired immune responses and inhibition of both viral entry and replication.

Our hypothesis is that zinc supplementation for males during COVID-19 will provide an additional benefit besides its antiviral effect by protecting the male reproductive system from the possible viral attack and ensuring adequate spermatogenesis. As male gender is an established risk factor for COVID-19 and the relationship between the virus and male infertility has not yet been understood, zinc supplementation seems to be necessary for males, especially those with zinc deficiency while facing the second wave.

Potential Role of Zinc Supplementation in Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19. Medical Hypotheses

Male fertility and the COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review of the literature. The world journal of men's health

COVID-19 in men: With or without virus in semen, spermatogenesis may be impaired

Effects of zinc deficiency on impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility: the role of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis

COVID-19: Poor outcomes in patients with Zinc deficiency

The potential impact of zinc supplementation on COVID-19 pathogenesis

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper