key: cord-0968785-cx9chr89
authors: Miyazaki, Keizo; Tsunoda, Akira; Kumasaka, Mitsuro; Ishida, Nakao
title: Presence of Neutralizing Antibody against the 229E Strain of Coronavirus in the Sera of Residents of Sendai
date: 2013-11-14
journal: Jpn J Microbiol
DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1971.tb00580.x
sha: 7927d0e910529793e7ce3382c889c2b842caf0f4
doc_id: 968785
cord_uid: cx9chr89

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Coronaviruses of man, recently recovered from patients with colds using tissue cul ture or organ culture techniques [7, 10] , have emerged as one of the major etiol ogical agents of upper respiratory illness [3, 5, 10] . These agents were all shown to possess a similar morphology [1, 6] which resembled that of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) [2] and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) [9] . The virus particles were spherical or oblong, measured 100 to 160 m,u, in diameter, and surrounded by a fringe of club-or pear-shaped surface projections, about 10 mp, wide at the outer edge, and approximately 20 mil in length. In 1966, Hamre and Procknow described the re covery of 229E strain, one of the corona viruses, from several students with colds using standard tissue culture techniques [4] . Chanock and his associates [5, 8] The 229E strain was supplied from Dr. Kapikian, NIH, Bethesda, as lyophilized WI-38 cell culture fluid. It was passed sev eral times in WI-38 and human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells in our laboratory. Sera were collected over a period from January 1969 to September 1970 from 139 subjects living in the city of Sendai, and were tested by neutralization test procedures. Neutrali zation tests were performed by the conventional test tube method using HEK cell monolayers. Equal volumes of 32TCD50 virus suspension diluted with Eagle's mini mal essential medium and 2-fold serial dilu tions of serum in Earle's balanced salt solu tion were incubated at room temperature for 2 hr.

All sera were inactivated at 56 C for 30 min before test. After incubation, 0.2 ml of each mixture was inoculated into HEK cells, and the tubes were incubated on rotating drum at 33 C. The cultures were examined for CPE at 2-to 3-day intervals 276 for a week. As shown in Table 1 , 12 sera. neutralized the virus at 1:8 or higher dilu tions. Judging from the positive neutraliz ing antibody level (1:10) proposed by Tyr rell et al. [3] , 8.6% of residents of Sendai, so far tested, were shown to possess neu tralizing antibody against 229E virus. As shown in Fig. 1 , about 4%, 15% and 9% in the age groups, 6-20, 21-40, 41-50 years, respectively, were found to possess detect able amount of antibody, but none of the children, 0-5 years of age, had antibody.

These observations indicate the dissemi nation of 229E virus or antigenically re lated virus in Sendai. The antibody inci dence, however, was very low in both adults and children as compared with that previously reported in England [3] and the United States [5] , a fact indicating a very limited virus dissemination in Sendai. (1969) (1970) .

Morphogenesis of avian infectious bronchitis virus and a related human virus (strain 229E

The structure of infectious bronchitis virus

Effect of a "new" human respiratory virus in volunteers

A new virus isolated from the human respiratory illness

Isolation from man of "avian infectious bronchitis virus-like" virus (coronavirus) similar to 229E virus, with some epidemiological ob servations

Letters to Nature

Recovery in tracheal organ culture of novel viruses from patients with respiratory disease

Seroepidemiologic stud ies of coronavirus infection in adults and children

Direct electron-microscopy of organ cul tures for the detection and characterization of viruses

Cultivation of a novel type of common cold virus in organ culture