key: cord-0965963-l4knr3qm
authors: Stafford, Emma G.
title: Highlighting the Role of Veterinary Pharmacists in Zoonotic Diseases Including COVID-19
date: 2020-07-02
journal: J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)
DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2020.06.021
sha: 63abcb8ee48db52bc8fd5dde64b0f2698f8b63af
doc_id: 965963
cord_uid: l4knr3qm

SUMMARY Veterinary pharmacy is an often unknown and therefore, underrepresented career path for pharmacists. Uniquely, pharmacists—even untrained in veterinary medicine—are the only healthcare professional legally allowed to provide care for human and non-human patients 1. The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is a peculiar situation that, not only highlights veterinary pharmacy as a career path, but stresses the role veterinary pharmacists, trained in both human and veterinary medicine, can play in zoonotic diseases. Specialized training in veterinary medicine allows the pharmacist to serve as a resource for both physicians as well as veterinarians during zoonotic events by helping to ascertain feasibility of therapeutic options given the species. Additionally, veterinary pharmacists involved in translational research would be vital for the drug development process as they would be aware of biologic nuances between the species and how they may affect the ultimate therapeutic outcome 2.

veterinary pharmacy as a career path, but stresses the role veterinary pharmacists, trained in both 23 human and veterinary medicine, can play in zoonotic diseases. Specialized training in veterinary 24 medicine allows the pharmacist to serve as a resource for both physicians as well as veterinarians 25 during zoonotic events by helping to ascertain feasibility of therapeutic options given the species. 26 Additionally, veterinary pharmacists involved in translational research would be vital for the 27 drug development process as they would be aware of biologic nuances between the species and 28 how they may affect the ultimate therapeutic outcome 2 . survey found that, while 22% of responding pharmacy schools offered a veterinary pharmacy 46 elective, a mere 4% of graduates from those schools completed the elective 6 . This educational 47 deficit is further depicted by a survey of more than 13,000 licensed pharmacists in North

Carolina that showed 77% of respondents routinely fill veterinary prescriptions yet 61% felt less 49 than confident in their ability to verify the appropriateness of veterinary prescriptions 5 . This The importance of the relationship between humans, animals, and the environment is highlighted 98 by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) One Health initiative, which has a "goal of achieving 99 optimal health outcomes recognizing the interconnection between people, animals, plants, and 100 their shared environment" 9 . An unfortunate but epitomic example of the significance of One pharmacists on the drug development team would be able to elucidate that the toxicity has 162 9 occurred due to differences in metabolism and not due to drug failure, a contribution that could 163 be invaluable to the pharmaceutical company developing the drug. 

The Current Landscape of 177

Veterinary Compounding in the Pharmacy Setting

Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in 180

National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. Veterinary Pharmacy Education

Frequency of interactions between 185 veterinarians and other professionals to guide interprofessional education

Mapping the 188 Literature of Veterinary Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Veterinary Pharmacy Education: Prevalence and 191

Poster Presented at: Society of Veterinary Hospital Pharmacists 34th Annual 192 Meeting

Veterinary Pharmacy for Practicing Pharmacist

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel 200 coronavirus in Wuhan

Bat coronaviruses in China

Seven more big cats test positive for coronavirus at Bronx Zoo

COVID-19 and veterinarians for one health, zoonotic-and reverse-208 zoonotic transmissions

Testing in Animals (Rodent and Non Rodent Toxicity Testing)

Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus 213 macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2

Can the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Affect the Eyes? A 215 Review of Coronaviruses and Ocular Implications in Humans and Animals

Companion animal models of neurological disease

Emergency Use Authorization of Remdesivir: The 221 Need for a Transparent Distribution Process

Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both 224 epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses

Pharmacotherapeutics for Veterinary Dispensing