key: cord-0959271-gfgyaquj
authors: Eshrati, Babak; Baradaran, Hamid Reza; Moradi, Ghobad; Dehghanbanadaki, Hojat; Azh, Nima; Soheili, Marzieh; Moetamed Gorji, Nogol; Moradi, Yousef
title: Evaluation of Reinfection in COVID-19 Patients in the World: A Narrative Review
date: 2021-11-01
journal: Med J Islam Repub Iran
DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.144
sha: b9e386b97bac69de6fea05d4525ec48a0129e370
doc_id: 959271
cord_uid: gfgyaquj

Background: The evaluation of reinfection and the genetic structure of all human and virus genomes could help to develop programs and protocols for providing services and ultimately to prevent the disease by producing more effective vaccines. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence and occurrence of COVID-19 reinfection through a narrative review study. Methods: We searched the Medline (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Ovid, and CINHAL databases. Inclusion criteria included all studies whose main purpose was to provide information about the occurrence or presence of reinfection in patients with COVID-19. An independent samples t test was used to compare the continuous outcomes between the 2 groups. Results: The mean duration of the first episode in the group with mild or moderate COVID-19 was 24.42±1.67 days, and it was 21.80±3.79 days in the group with severe COVID-19. The mean duration of the second episode (reinfection) in patients with mild or moderate form was 15.38 ± 5.57 days, and it was 19.20±2.98 days in patients with severe form. In both episodes, the duration of the disease did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (p=0.484 in the first episode; p=0.675 in the second episode), but the interval to the occurrence of reinfection in patients with the mild or moderate form was significantly longer than those with the severe form (p<0.001). In this instance, the time interval in patients with the mild or moderate form was 36.63±5.71 days while in those with the severe form of the disease it was 29.70±5.65 days. Besides, the genomes of the viruses isolated from the first and second episode were different. Conclusion: According to the results, all patients should be very careful about the severity of the second episode because of the more need for medical interventions for saving the patients. The interval between the first end and the second episode as well as the duration of each episode is highly important for better management of the disease.

This study conducted in and literature extraction, an results (7) (8) (9) . PERO and co to time constr

In this stud as COVID-19 the synonym MeSH and E next step, the and in accord strategy and bases include Web of Scien such as tho (https://www. coronavirus-2 vention (https coronavirus-2 tion and /en/geographi medRxiv.org, were searched to November pendently con ferred to a th studies whose on the occurr with COVID- The important poi ses are tested either in cl gradually lost after CO curs in these people. In patients with COVID- 19 The results showed that t infection. The signs w showed that the genom nomic groups and lineag parison of viral genomes cally closely associated ode virus genome was c atient's CRP was 8.8 in antibodies in the patient ient stimulation of the im er treating a patient wit h, chills, headache, exc s, re-infection was much g the immune system, o of the infection due to were different. ain findings of the study al attack from COVID-1 27.6% showed other sy eral health, while 2.1% d ve mune response despite essary training should be ecessary advice. In patie e prepared in order to per n the first period and mil It is recommended that int in this study is that linical or more exposure OVID-19 in people, but n this study, genome seq 9 was performed. PCR, t the second episode of were increased levels of me affecting the first an ges, indicating that the s showed that the first e with strains collected closely associated with the second episode with t's body can be justified mmune system. th COVID-19, he return cessive fatigue, chest pa h more severe than the obtaining a more pathog a person's re-exposure 9, re-infection occurs in ymptoms. 96.7% of th died.

myelodysplastic syndro e given to people and he ents with re-infection, a rform appropriate studie ld or asymptomatic symp t the concept of re-infe selection bias is mentio . t it remains unclear wh quencing analysis of res IgG, and IgM results w f the disease occurred 1 IgG and C-reactive prot nd second episodes belo genome varied in diffe episode of the virus geno in March/April 2020 w strains collected in July hout symptoms. http://mjiri.iums Med J Islam Rep ngs of the study rly women with COVID etes, heart disease, and were milder and the res ve for one of them, whi All three patients had co red to the hospital with m ated and all were positiv de. Although they receiv D-19 confirmed patient In the second admission ults were negative for th rmal te=Normal tive nts were discharged, but cle.

-old man with COVIDfter two negative PCR t he second episode, the p sions from the first episo negative for him and h al discharge was perform dy, 4 of 11 patients were maining 7 patients had a ll symptoms such as feve ptoms were more severe the elderly had received rawal of symptoms of th -old man was infected w y treated for 3 weeks. A al again with signs and s point was the high load so showed that viruses his difference resulted in -old female nurse was r as well as respiratory sy e. After the treatment pe al and returned to work. his person was referred s.ac.ir pub Iran. 2021 (1 Nov D-19 and underlying di chronic respiratory dise sults of CT scan were p le for a person with a n mplete treatment. Two more severe clinical sym ve. Clinical symptoms w ed the treatment, none o ts were reviewed, of wh n of these patients, there hese patients. 

Als World Health the 2019 nove

Agraw affect the eyes humans and an

Stew rapid reviews, Central

Systemic an patients eithe serovars. India 12

Xie presentation fo with a history COVID-19. D 20

Is recurre Case series an