key: cord-0945236-wnjxcph5 authors: Zhang, Che; Huang, Li; Tang, Xiaoshi; Zhang, Yuxin; Zhou, Xihui title: Pulmonary sequelae of pediatric patients after discharge for COVID‐19: An observational study date: 2021-02-09 journal: Pediatr Pulmonol DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25239 sha: 29672004a6bb46308e8ea2c9c36e7de560e5fcaa doc_id: 945236 cord_uid: wnjxcph5 nan recruited from our previous study 3 ; however, follow-up data were reported only in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients and their guardians before data were obtained from patients' medical charts. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 20.0 (IBM). Statistical significance was set at p < .05. The following were the inclusion criteria for this study: (1) diagnosis of COVID-19, 4 (2) discharge based on specific criteria and, 5 (3) completion of computed tomography (CT) and other study- Chest CT images were independently reviewed by two radiologists and were evaluated based on a score system that was described in the previous study 6 (Table S2 ). The lesions were defined based on criteria utilized in a previous study. 7 A complete radiological resolution was defined as the absence of potential infection-induced abnormalities on chest radiography during followup visits. CT scores observed during follow-up were significantly improved compared with those observed at discharge (p < .05, Table S3 ). Pulmonary sequelae were observed in seven patients (7/14, 50%), 29.0 (26.0-33.0) days post-discharge. These included spots or patches of opacities (3/14, 21%) and fibrosis (4/14, 29%, Table S3 Table S3 ). The dyspnea grades were evaluated during follow-up using the Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure 8 (Table S4) days post-discharge. 10 Fibrosis was reported in 9% (14/149) of patients at the 21-day follow-up 10 and in 44% (14/32) of patients at the 9-day follow-up. 11 In our study fibrosis occurred in four (4/14, 29%) patients. The disparities in patient characteristics (e.g., age and general health condition), as well as different follow-up periods across various studies, may have contributed to the differences in pulmonary sequelae observed between pediatric and adult patients. Notably, fibrosis was detected in pediatric patients, approximately 30 days post-discharge. Fibrous stripes were detected at sites other than the original lesion in some patients ( Figure 1B We acknowledge the hospital staff for their assistance in data collection and all the patients for their participation. The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests. Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults The National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. National recommendations for rehabilitaion of discharged patients with previous COVID-19 Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections in China: a multicenter case series Pediatric Branch of Hubei Medical Association, Pediatric Branch of Wuhan Medical Association, Pediatric Medical Quality Control Center of Hubei. Recommendation for the diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus infection in children in Hubei (Trial version 1) The National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Chest CT findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): relationship to duration of infection Pneumonia recovery: discrepancies in perspectives of the radiologist, physician and patient Clinical scores for dyspnoea severity in children: a prospective validation study Early rehabilitation in post-acute COVID-19 patients: data from an Italian COVID-19 rehabilitation unit and proposal of a treatment protocol. A cross-sectional study The pulmonary sequalae in discharged patients with COVID-19: a short-term observational study Prediction of the development of pulmonary fibrosis using serial thin-section CT and clinical features in patients discharged after treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia Detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in patients with coronavirus disease Patient follow-up after discharge after COVID-19 pneumonia considerations for infectious control Pulmonary sequelae of pediatric patients after discharge for COVID-19: An observational study