key: cord-0941073-1nv94c6n authors: NaserGhandi, Alvand; Allameh, Seyed Farshad; Saffarpour, Reyhaneh title: All about COVID-19 in brief date: 2020-04-13 journal: New Microbes New Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100678 sha: e27904674d08693e68ca25cf4f74d2c193604385 doc_id: 941073 cord_uid: 1nv94c6n nan The source infection of original cases was related to seafood 45 wholesale market. Since there is similarity between the SARS-46 CoV-2 and Bat-CoV RaTG13 (a gene detected from a bat), 47 researchers supposed that bat is an initial host. Following studies 48 suggested pig or pangolin as a possible intermediate host. Animal 49 repository of COVID-19 is probably snake (6). It appears that the 50 infection was first transmitted through zoonotic agents (from 51 animal to human). Despite the sea food market being closed, 52 rates of infected patients increased, which indicated human-to-53 human transmission. 54 Respiratory droplets (related to human respiratory activities such 55 as talking, coughing and sneezing) and direct contact are the most 56 Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (4, 12, 13). The following is an 109 overview of the drugs being used or undergoing trials at present. 110 After conducting numerous tests to determine the efficacy of 111 Chloroquine sulfate (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ), 112 they are currently used as first-line treatment drugs in most 113 countries (14). Chloroquine is an old drug used against malaria 114 which is inexpensive and safe for elder patients (15). According to 115 studies, compared with CQ, HCQ has fewer side effects in long-116 term use, fewer drug-drug interactions and can be used in higher 117 doses. . It is possible that a combination of Hydroxychloroquine 118 and Azithromycin may have a positive effect, especially in severe 119 cases (14) . 120 Despite the efficacy of these two drugs in the recovery process, 121 there may be some side effects including gastrointestinal Transfusion Medicine Reviews. 2020. 158 2. The Lancet Infectious D. Challenges of coronavirus disease The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020. 160 3. Situation reports -71 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Review of the 165 Current Literature Coronavirus genomics and 167 bioinformatics analysis Patients with 2019-nCoV Infection. Available at SSRN 3539664. 2020 Emerging 171 Understanding of Etiology and Epidemiology of the Novel Coronavirus 172 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan Human Pathogenic Coronaviruses: Understanding 174 Their Environmental Survival For Better Infection Prevention And 175 Clinical 177 Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama. 2020. 179 10 COVID-19): A Perspective from China Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory 184 distress syndrome. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) 186 outbreak: a call for action Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: 192 results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has 195 shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated 196 pneumonia in clinical studies Hydroxychloroquine-induced erythema 199 multiforme COVID-19: a recommendation to 201 examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and 202 progression The epidemiology, 204 diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 Antimicrobial Agents. 2020:105955. 206 19. Important Announcement of new SSC Guidelines Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19 Clinical evidence does not 213 support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury Severe acute 218 respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus 219 disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges responses, risk of cardiac arrhythmias and risk of retinal damage; 123 especially with long term use (16, 17) . 124Remdesivir is a new antiviral agent being under examination 125 which inhibits viral replication through premature termination of 126 RNA transcription and is capable of affecting a wide range of RNA 127 viruses (9). Several clinical trials have indicated the efficiency of 128Remdesivir in the treatment procedure. The world-wide spread of COVID-19 has become a critical health 152issue. Nevertheless, more knowledge is yet to be acquired. Public 153 health efforts are most needed to restrict the outbreak of the virus 154 via human to human transfer, which seems to be the best 155 approach in the current situation ) 7 , 23 ( . 156