key: cord-0919525-nt3qcqxk
authors: Pang, Xinghuo; Ren, Lili; Wu, Shuangsheng; Ma, Wentai; Yang, Jian; Di, Lin; Li, Jie; Xiao, Yan; Kang, Lu; Du, Shichang; Du, Jing; Wang, Jing; Li, Gang; Zhai, Shuguang; Chen, Lijuan; Zhou, Wenxiong; Lai, Shengjie; Gao, Lei; Pan, Yang; Wang, Quanyi; Li, Mingkun; Wang, Jianbin; Huang, Yanyi; Wang, Jianwei
title: Cold-chain food contamination as the possible origin of Covid-19 resurgence in Beijing
date: 2020-10-23
journal: Natl Sci Rev
DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa264
sha: eb778af54d4444033e5f283163ace4bef93d74da
doc_id: 919525
cord_uid: nt3qcqxk

nan

These findings suggested a single outbreak source in Beijing ( Figure S1B ).

Retrospective epidemiological investigation revealed the earliest symptom onset of a patient on June 4 ( Figure S1C ).

To probe the origin of the infection, we analysed the spatial distribution of which is significantly higher than those of other areas in the market (1.7%, 47/2727, χ 2 =363.29, P<0.001). Meanwhile, their symptom onset dates were also earlier than other employees' in the market ( Figure S2 ). The infections demonstrated spatial clusters in the basement, and highly clustered cases were identified in the seafood section (Table S1, Figure 1A and S3).

We further identified 14 booths ( Figure 1A Booth #S14 employees were also among the ones with early symptom onset time ( Figure 1C ).

To further investigate the origin of this outbreak, we sequenced 110 samples [5] [6] [7] and obtained 72 high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences ( Figure S5) . Notably, all genome sequences shared eight mutations ( Figure 1D 

World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard

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Relevance of SARS-CoV-2 in food safety and food hygiene: potential preventive measures, suggestions and nanotechnological approaches

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MINERVA: a facile strategy for SARS-CoV-2 whole genome deep sequencing of clinical samples

A dynamic nomenclature proposal for SARS-CoV-2 lineages to assist genomic epidemiology

Seeding of outbreaks of COVID-19 by contaminated fresh and frozen food

An updated min-review on environmental route of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission

We thank the health workers who contributed to the epidemiological survey, sample collection and transportation. We thank Ms. Chenyang Geng, Ms. Jing Sun, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG) and Biomedical Pioneering