key: cord-0910428-89d5qnbw authors: Pagano, Ester title: Phytocompounds and COVID‐19: Two years of knowledge date: 2022-02-16 journal: Phytother Res DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7420 sha: 1e90971656e7837ef63079b7077796e96870d04b doc_id: 910428 cord_uid: 89d5qnbw nan Traditional medicine is believed to be an opportunity in the fight against COVID-19. Data from traditional medicine may serve as a rich data bank and as a guiding principle for researchers involved in COVID-19 research (Adhikari et al., 2021; Ali et al., 2021; M. N. Islam et al., 2021; Jadhav & Karuppayil, 2021; Jalali, Dabaghian, Akbrialiabad, Foroughinia, & Zarshenas, 2021; Merarchi, Dudha, Das, & Garg, 2021; Mukherjee et al., 2021; Sangtani, Ghosh, Jha, Parmar, & Bala, 2020; Shah et al., 2021; N. A. Singh, Kumar, Jyoti, & Kumar, 2021; Tan et al., 2020) . Concerning Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), a systematic review concluded that TCM combined with conventional Western medicine was a potential treatment option for increasing clinical effective rate, improving the clinical symptoms, and preventing disease progression in COVID-19 patients (Jiang et al., 2021) . Also, a network pharmacology analysis was used to explore the active ingredients, targets, and potential mechanisms of Yinqiao powder in COVID-19 . Also, another study showed that Xiyanping injection (a Chinese herbal medicine used in the clinic to treat respiratory infection and pneumonia) was safe and effective in improving the recovery of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 (X. Y. Zhang et al., 2021) . . The antiviral properties of Andrographis paniculata were reviewed in a different report (Jadhav & Karuppayil, 2021) . Brazil has been a global epicentre for COVID-19. A review of secondary metabolites related to Brazilian herbal medicines followed by in silico evaluations indicated 19 potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds, mainly triterpenes and phenolic compounds. The indicated compounds showed a high affinity with proteins considered as the main molecular targets against SARS-CoV-2 (Amparo et al., 2021) . Traditional Persian medicine (TPM) has recommended potential functional foods candidates to manage COVID-19. A clinical study demonstrated that Persian medicine herbal formulations (capsules and decoction) plus routine care significantly decreased duration of hospitalization, accelerated clinical improvement and decreased symptoms in the treatment group compared with standard-care group (Karimi et al., 2021) . A virtual screening among phytochemicals contained in plants used in traditional medical systems identified several compounds (e.g., ginkgolide, mezerein, tubocurarine, gnidicin, glycobismine A, sciadopitysin, gnididin, glycobismine A and sciadopitysin) as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Sisakht, Mahmoodzadeh, & Darabian, 2021) . Also, Garcinia kola and garcinoic acid suppress SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1-induced hyper-inflammation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells through inhibition of NF-κB activation (Olajide et al., 2021) . Many alkaloids possess antiviral effects and, accordingly, they have been proposed as candidate for COVID-19. Pseudoephedrine was found to antagonize wild and mutated SARS-CoV-2 viruses by blocking virus invasion (Yu et al., 2021) . A placebo-controlled study showed that a syrup containing propolis and Hyoscyamus niger L. extract ameliorated the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 (Kosari et al., 2021) . Finally, Chelidonia majus, a plant of the Papaveraceae family containing isoquinoline alkaloids, was believed to be a promising approach for the treatment of COVID-19, based on a 20-case series (Gardin & Braga, 2021) . Overall, it appears that the field regarding the potential use of plant-derived compounds in COVID-19 is advancing and thus far supplying the scientific community with its resources. The virtual issue is freely available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/toc/10.1002/ (ISSN) 1099 -1573 . The Author declare no conflict of interest. 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