key: cord-0908321-h680tvgr authors: Nili, Hassan; Bouzari, Majid; Attaran, Hamid Reza; Golab, Nader Ghaleh; Rabani, Mohammad title: Topic: Hyper immune Bovine Colostrum as a Low-Cost, Large-Scale Source of Antibodies against COVID-19 date: 2021-05-20 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.20.444932 sha: d2fc980b6fef65ef7d3250198e55cd1d9d5779d5 doc_id: 908321 cord_uid: h680tvgr Many different strategies have been used to fight against COVID-19 pandemic as a therapeutics or prophylaxis approaches. However, none of them so far have used, passive immune transfer using products from immunized farm animals. Hyper immune bovine colostrums (HBC) have been used against many different respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts infections during past decades. Six mixed Holstein X Semental dairy cattle’s in their 6-7 months of gestation period years were chosen for hyper immunization with COVID-19 vaccine. An isolated and very well protected site was selected and equipped according to animal husbandry code of practice, used for animal experimentation. Specific IgG level against SARS-CoV-2 virus was measured before and after vaccination in the sera, and in the colostrum following parturition. Very high specific IgG level was detected one week following second vaccination in the sera and in first colostrums after parturition. Safety of the product was approved following phase 1 of clinical trials in 40 healthy volunteers. Phase 2 of the clinical trials is underway. Early results show effectiveness of the product in reducing sore throat and cough in early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. level against SARS-CoV-2 virus was measured before and after vaccination in the 23 sera, and in the colostrum following parturition. Very high specific IgG level was 24 detected one week following second vaccination in the sera and in first colostrums The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 33 has caused severe human respiratory infection and has become more 34 than global health crisis (1, 2). It had devastating effects on all aspects of life, from 35 increasing family violence's and abuses, to having catastrophic effects on world 36 economy (3). On January, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that 37 outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 is a public health emergency with international concern 38 (4). Coronaviruses belong to the family of Coronaviridae, an enveloped virus with patients, there is no report on the efficacy of HBC in treatment of covid-19 52 patients(8). By hyper immunization of pregnant dairy cows in the late gestation 53 periods using specific antigens, the concentration of specific immunoglobulins in 54 the sera could be increase. Passive immunity from ingestion of colostrum and milk 55 is essential for the survival of newborn animals. Therefore, it has been proved that 56 vaccination of pregnant cows before calving can effectively prevent infection of 57 newborn calves. Antibodies level specially IgG1 will be reduced in the blood stream 2-3 wks before 59 partition and actively will be transported through receptor mediated mechanism to 60 the lacteal secretion, following parturition (9). The total amount of IgG1 obtained 61 from each lactation could be as high as of 500 grams (9, 10). Oral HBC and milk 62 not only can increase the mucosal immunity in the oral cavity, pharynx and upper 63 respiratory tract of human, even could have immunomudulatory effects on the host 64 immune system. Passive immunity caused by immunoglobulin transfer is a well 65 known concept adopted by most mammals. IgG is one of the main components of 66 immune activity found in milk and colostrums which can bind to many Could Intravenous Immunoglobulin Collected from Recovered Coronavirus Patients 324 Protect against COVID-19 and Strengthen the Immune System of New Patients? International journal of 325 molecular sciences Hypothesis for potential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection-a review 327 of immune changes in patients with viral pneumonia. Emerging microbes & infections An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening 329 community collaborations to save lives World Health Organization 331 declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) Structure, Function, and Evolution of Coronavirus Spike Proteins. Annual review of virology Genomic characterization and infectivity of a novel 336 SARS-like coronavirus in Chinese bats. Emerging microbes & infections A familial cluster of pneumonia associated 338 with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in 341 severe COVID-19 patients Serum and colostral antibody 344 production in cows immunized with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor 10 -Bovine milk immunoglobulins against microbial human diseases Dairy-Derived Ingredients Passive immunity against 349 human pathogens using bovine antibodies Prevention of rotavirus infection 351 by cow colostrum antibody against human rotaviruses Antibody to human rotavirus in cow's 353 milk. The New England journal of medicine ColoPlus, a new product based on bovine 355 colostrum, alleviates HIV-associated diarrhoea Claes-Henrik Florén. Management of HIV in Children 358 Using a Bovine Colostrum-Based Food Product-An Observational Field Study The effect of dietary bovine colostrum on respiratory syncytial 361 virus infection and immune responses following the infection in the mouse Prevention and treatment of influenza with 366 hyperimmune bovine colostrum antibody Hyperimmune 368 bovine colostrum as a low-cost, large-scale source of antibodies with broad neutralizing activity for HIV-369 1 envelope with potential use in microbicides Perspectives on immunoglobulins in colostrum and milk Fc receptor but 376 not complement binding is important in antibody protection against HIV Treatment of diarrhoea 381 in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with immunoglobulins from bovine colostrum. The 382 Clinical investigator The detection of rotavirus specific antibody in colostrum and 384 milk by ELISA. Annales de recherches veterinaires Annals of veterinary research Oral administration 386 of immunoglobulin G-enhanced colostrum alleviates insulin resistance and liver injury and is associated 387 with alterations in natural killer T cells Bovine immunoglobulin 389 concentrate-clostridium difficile retains C difficile toxin neutralising activity after passage through the 390 human stomach and small intestine Survival and digestibility of orally-administered immunoglobulin 392 preparations containing IgG through the gastrointestinal tract in humans Prevention of influenza 394 episodes with colostrum compared with vaccination in healthy and high-risk cardiovascular subjects: the 395 epidemiologic study in San Valentino. Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the 396 International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis Utilizing drug repurposing against COVID-19 -Efficacy, limitations, and 398 challenges Immunoglobulin diversity, B-cell and antibody repertoire development in large farm 401 animals. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Bovine milk antibodies for health. The British journal of nutrition Can Drinking Microfiltered Raw Immune Milk From Cows Immunized Against SARS-405 CoV-2 Provide Short-Term Protection Against COVID-19? Frontiers in immunology Immune milk-A historical survey Analytical approach to determination of safety of milk ingredients 408 from hyperimmunized cows. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP Emerging health properties of whey proteins and their clinical implications. 410 Journal of the American College of Nutrition Ultra-sensitive viral glycoprotein detection NanoSystem toward accurate tracing SARS-CoV-2 in 413 biological/non-biological media Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for COVID-19 research Syrian 417 hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development