key: cord-0896656-iz4av3nl
authors: Blachman, Nina L.; Lee, Yi Shan; Arcila‐Mesa, Mauricio; Ferris, Rosie; Chodosh, Joshua
title: The impact of a Friendly Telephone Calls program on visits with physicians during pandemic
date: 2021-08-07
journal: J Am Geriatr Soc
DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17403
sha: ede306d13750399831e7a0650d5fba3c0b61e4d8
doc_id: 896656
cord_uid: iz4av3nl

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During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, older adults were fearful of physicians' offices. Moreover, due to their lack of familiarity and capacity to use telehealth, they were additionally isolated from medical care and at greater risk of health deterioration. 1, 2 As these older adults became more isolated and homebound, they were also at risk of loneliness. 3 Many are likely to have suffered from social isolation, a well-known risk factor for morbidity and mortality.

Given this enforced isolation and lack of video capacity for many, telephones remain a viable alternative. Telephone calls programs have previously been shown to benefit older adults in need of befriending. 4, 5 To address this issue, some medical schools created telephone calls programs for medical students to communicate with older adults during this period of disrupted student learning. 6 But none have addressed the impact of nonclinical volunteers in telephone calls programs during the pandemic.

In spring 2020, we created the Friendly Telephone Calls program utilizing volunteers from our Empowering Elder Novel Interventions (ERNI) program, which is a modified version of the Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP). Our volunteers had previously spent time engaging in cognitively stimulating activities with older hospital patients at risk of delirium. Given that pandemic-related restrictions barred volunteers from the hospital, we sought to connect them with our community-dwelling patients to address the risk of social isolation by engaging in nonclinical social discussions. Whether engagement with hospital volunteers influences healthcare utilization is unknown.

In June 2020, the NYU Langone Medical Center Volunteer Department assigned ERNI volunteers to call and screen patients who were 75 years and older from one NYU Langone internal medicine practice. Volunteers were provided a brief script about the program, and those who opted to participate were assigned by the volunteer department to make regular biweekly telephone calls with these primary care patients. Volunteers logged all calls in an internal database monitored by the volunteer department. Of note, volunteers were not given any script to remind patients about scheduling appointments or to discuss health issues.

From June 2020 to October 2020, volunteers reached 30% of patients (n = 716), 212 of whom opted in to have regular calls from volunteers (intervention). Another 212 patients (not yet contacted) were selected for comparison (control) by choosing every sixth patient by alphabetically listed last name. We reviewed electronic medical records for patient encounters with primary care physicians (PCPs) and subspecialists dated after the first phone call to identify those who did and did not have appointments. We looked at appointments in our health system only, and did not include visits to outside providers.

Data were gathered for quality improvement purposes, and the Institutional Review Board deemed this project exempt.

The mean age of patients was 82 (standard deviation [SD]: 5.5); intervention group mean age 82.4 (SD: 5.6) versus 81.7 for controls. Sixty-four percent of patients were female (intervention 70% vs. 56% for controls). In the intervention group, 146 (69%) had at least one PCP follow-up compared to only 95 (45%) of those in the control group (p < 0.01) (Figure 1 ). Intervention group patients visited subspecialty clinics more often as well (142 [67%] compared to 102 [48%]; p < 0.01). Out of the intervention group, 35 (17%) had neither PCP nor subspecialty clinic visits compared to 81 (38%) in the control group (p < 0.01).

We observed that patients who participated in the program were more likely to have had an outpatient visit, either virtual or in person, after enrolling in the program. Similar to other programs created during this global pandemic, we enlisted some medical students to assist with the initial screening calls, but most of our volunteers were not enrolled in a health professions program. 7 Our study had several limitations, including the inclusion of a single academic medical center practice, and that visits outside our health system were not explored. The number of calls per patient was not prescribed and varied based on patient preference. We also do not know the actual content discussion during these calls.

To our knowledge, this is the first report exploring the impact of a volunteer telephone calls program on patient healthcare utilization. A volunteer program representing a medical center with outreach to its patients may be an innovative approach for keeping patients connected to their healthcare providers both during the pandemic and afterward. We encourage other hospital-based medical practices to create similar programs to maintain contact with older patients between visits and to ensure that these patients remain engaged in their medical care.

The effects of COVID-19 among the elderly population: a case for closing the digital divide

Health risks associated with social isolation in general and in young, middle and old age

Video calls for reducing social isolation and loneliness in older people: a rapid review

A review of social isolation: an important but underassessed condition in older adults

The use of telephone befriending in low level support for socially isolated older people -an evaluation

U R E 1 Number of patients with physician visits in intervention versus control groups

Medical students' motivations to help older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

Reducing social isolation of seniors during COVID-19 through medical student telephone contact

The impact of a Friendly Telephone Calls program on visits with physicians during pandemic

None to report.

All authors listed have contributed significantly to study conception and design and/or data acquisition and/or analysis and interpretation of the data. Nina L. Blachman, Joshua Chodosh, and Yi Shan Lee contributed to the manuscript's preparation.

ORCID Nina L. Blachman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4560-3417 Joshua Chodosh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7784-4306