key: cord-0893593-7hgp6vxp authors: Wang, Wenjun; Huang, Baoying; Zhu, Yanping; Tan, Wenjie; Zhu, Mingzhao title: Ferritin nanoparticle based SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine induces persistent antibody response and long-term memory in mice date: 2020-12-23 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.22.423894 sha: 73e9b6cd4caad5f14b623acf7f604f067c048fea doc_id: 893593 cord_uid: 7hgp6vxp Since the outbreak of COVID-19, over 200 vaccine candidates have been documented and some of them have advanced to clinical trials with encouraging results. However, the antibody persistence over 3 months post immunization and the long-term memory have been rarely reported. Here, we report that a ferritin nanoparticle based SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine induced in mice an efficient antibody response which lasts for at least 7 months post immunization. Significantly higher number of memory B cells were maintained and a significantly higher level of recall response was induced upon antigen challenge. Thus, we believe our current study provide the first information about the long-term antibody persistence and memory response of a COVID-19 vaccine. This information would be also timely useful for the development and evaluation of other vaccines. Since the reported outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- 38 CoV-2) infection in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has quickly spread over the world. 39 To date, more than 70 million infection cases have been reported with over 1.6 million 40 deaths (World Health Organization). So far, there is still no effective treatments 41 available. A safe and effective vaccine is highly demanded 1 . reached to about 10 6 antibody titers (Fig. 1c) . Thus, RBD conjugated to ferritin-NP Live SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay 190 The experiment was conducted in a BSL-3 laboratory, as previously reported 25-28 . 191 Briefly, the sera were 2-fold serially diluted using 2% FBS-DMEM and mixed with the Developing Covid-19 Vaccines at Pandemic Speed Immunological considerations for COVID-19 vaccine strategies Rapid Decay of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Persons with Mild Covid-19 Seasonal coronavirus protective immunity is short-lasting A Universal Design of Betacoronavirus Vaccines against COVID-19, MERS, and SARS Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 -Preliminary Report A Single Immunization with Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines Elicits Strong 258 Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice Nanoparticle Vaccines Based on the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and Heptad 261 Repeat (HR) of SARS-CoV-2 Elicit Robust Protective Immune Responses Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques A vaccine targeting the RBD of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces protective 276 immunity A Thermostable mRNA Vaccine against COVID-19 Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored 280 COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomised, double-blind, 281 placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial Dual-targeting nanoparticle vaccine elicits a therapeutic antibody response 284 against chronic hepatitis B Ferritin nanoparticle-based SpyTag/SpyCatcher-enabled click vaccine for tumor 287 immunotherapy Hemagglutinin-stem nanoparticles generate heterosubtypic influenza 290 protection Self-assembling influenza nanoparticle vaccines elicit broadly neutralizing 292 H1N1 antibodies Mosaic nanoparticle display of diverse influenza virus hemagglutinins elicits 294 broad B cell responses Rational Design of an Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccine Targeting the Receptor-297 Lack of antibody-mediated cross-protection between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV 299 infections Development and effectiveness of Pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 system as 301 determined by neutralizing efficiency and entry inhibition test in vitro Both Boceprevir and GC376 efficaciously inhibit SARS-CoV-2 by targeting its main 304 protease Growth and Quantification of MERS-CoV Infection. Current 306 protocols in microbiology 37