key: cord-0892036-bphdjwfv
authors: Cai, Qingxian; Chen, Jun
title: Reply to “Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with abnormal liver tests”
date: 2020-05-06
journal: J Hepatol
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.042
sha: 8b8741ec73028c49b46cfb1bc0d70c4108b4d8e0
doc_id: 892036
cord_uid: bphdjwfv

nan

The authors declare no conflicts of interest that pertain to this work.

Author's contributions: J Chen designed the study, received the grant supports and had full access to all data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. J Chen, QX Cai contributed to the writing and statistical analysis of the report. All authors contributed to data acquisition, data analysis, or data interpretation, and reviewed and approved the final version.

To the Editor:

We thank Chen P. and Zhou B. for their interest in our manuscript and for their thoughtful comments.

Concerning selection bias, as our study was not a multi-center, randomized controlled clinical trial with a large, real-world sample, we aimed to minimize selection bias. The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen is the only government mandated referral hospital in Shenzhen, China for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, thus all infected patients in the region would present to our Hospital and would generally be representative of COVID-19 patients in the city. Bias in the estimated association of an exposure on an outcome that arises from the procedures used to select individuals into the study was avoided.

We agree that data on pre-hospital medication history can be an influencing factor of liver tests, however, as described in the paper, because the accessibility of medical resources in our city are quite different from that in Hubei and other epidemic regions, over-the-counter medicines are rarely used to self-treat. Additionally, during this unique pandemic period, all medical staff and the general population are well aware of the disease. Once individuals presented any COVID-19 related symptoms, they would receive confirmation testing. Once the diagnosis was confirmed, the patient would be referred to The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen for further treatment as soon as possible. Medications such as antipyretics (acetaminophen), antibiotics (macrolides, quinolones), or steroids before admission were very unlikely and thus, any effect of these drugs on the results would not be substantial.

We agree that ischemia, hypoxia, and reperfusion are important factors related to liver injury. As we have reported, severe cases of COVID-19 are defined by the official clinical practice guidelines of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society, and respiratory abnormalities are a key criteria of diagnosis. Mechanical ventilation was usually needed in severe cases, which has been reported in a recent study. Furthermore, in ours and other studies [1, [3] [4] [5] , severe cases consistently showed a higher percentage of severe liver abnormality than non-severe cases. As Remdesivir was not used in our hospital, we could not assess its effects on liver function.

In addition, our data showed that 5.04% of patients with COVID-19 had liver comorbidities, which was consistent with the prevalence of 2-11% reported by Zhang C et al. [6] . We agree that the question of whether intensive immunotherapy may minimize COVID-19 related inflammatory response may be useful. Actually, some related experimental studies in our Hospital are ongoing and hope to give answer to these questions. Inspired by the current study, we will conduct more in-depth studies in the future to better enable our understanding of the mechanisms and treatment for this disease.

Last but not least, ACE2 expression was reported in various human organs but the results were controversial. For example, a recent study failed to replicate the expression of ACE2 in the alveolar type II (AT2) cells or in the AT2 lung carcinoma cell line A549 [7] . Similarly, our study showed that patients treated with ACE-inhibitors/ARBs were not at increased odds of progressing to severe disease compared to patients taking other antihypertensive drugs. These results indicate that the expression of ACE2 in the human respiratory system may be limited, and thus the expression of the receptor in lung or respiratory epithelia on the protein level is yet to be confirmed. Most concerns above have been discussed in our discussion section.

COVID-19 in a Designated Infectious Diseases Hospital Outside Hubei Province

Diagnosis and treatment of Adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An Official Clinical Practice Guideline of the

Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China

Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series

Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China

Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges

The protein expression profile of ACE2 in human tissues