key: cord-0888831-av4x0lv7
authors: Rahimi, Parastoo; Islam, Md Saiful; Duarte, Phelipe Magalhães; Tazerji, Sina Salajegheh; Sobur, Md Abdus; El Zowalaty, Mohamed E.; Ashour, Hossam M.; Rahman, Md Tanvir
title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food production and animal health
date: 2021-12-06
journal: Trends Food Sci Technol
DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.003
sha: 77579c12fe30e402ecd082921cc464c846267b85
doc_id: 888831
cord_uid: av4x0lv7

BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus, named the severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 originated in China and spread to other countries and continents causing a variety of respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms that led to death in severe cases. SCOPE AND APPROACH: In this review, we discuss and analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on animal production systems and food products including meat, dairy, eggs, and processed food, in addition to assessing the pandemic's impact on animal health care systems, animal health care quality, animal welfare, food chain sustainability, and the global economy. We also provide effective recommendations to animal producers, veterinary healthcare professionals, workers in animal products industries, and governments to alleviate the effects of the pandemic on livestock farming and production systems. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Port restrictions, border restrictions, curfews, and social distancing limitations led to reduced quality, productivity, and competitiveness of key productive sectors. The restrictions have hit the livestock sector hard by disrupting the animal feed supply chain, reducing animal farming services, limiting animal health services including delays in diagnosis and treatment of diseases, limiting access to markets and consumers, and reducing labor-force participation. The inhumane culling of animals jeopardized animal welfare. Egg smashing, milk dumping, and other animal product disruptions negatively impacted food production, consumption, and access to food originating from animals. In summary, COVID-triggered lockdowns and limitations on local and international trade have taken their toll on food production, animal production, and animal health and welfare. COVID-19 reverberations could exacerbate food insecurity, hunger, and global poverty. The effects could be massive on the most vulnerable populations and the poorest nations.

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In addition to disastrous impacts on human health, the COVID-19 pandemic has had 295 unprecedented impacts on animal production and animal health throughout the world. Table 3 . 

Airborne spread of infectious agents in the indoor 607 environment

COVID-19 and food safety: guidance for food 610 businesses

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus 613 disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China

Food Products 616 as Potential Carriers of SARS-CoV-2

Where did SARS-CoV-2 come from

Probable pangolin origin of SARS-CoV-2 associated 622 with the COVID-19 outbreak

Disinfect environment, equipment, and all surfaces 2. Following the all-in and all-out system for all animals 3. Separate farm animals from wild animals and limit adding new animals to the herd 4

Frequent handwashing should be required

Disinfectants should be made available for all employees. 4. Personal protective equipment use should be made mandatory. 5. Monitor workers' health and isolate employees that show COVID-19 symptoms

Avoid inhumane methods (such as inhumane culling)

Seek help from veterinary healthcare professionals when needed. 661 3. Develop risk management and risk mitigation strategies for COVID-19

Collaborate with other governments and with non-governmental organizations, veterinary healthcare professionals, and other health professionals