key: cord-0875263-phsdybpc authors: Soares, Ana Raquel; Kikkert, Marjolein; Kellner-Kaiser, Stefanie; Ribeiro, Daniela title: Editorial: Viruses and Epitranscriptomes: Regulation of Infection and Antiviral Response date: 2022-05-09 journal: Front Cell Dev Biol DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.917894 sha: 42eeac4b379a278e5e329726274160337f7ab952 doc_id: 875263 cord_uid: phsdybpc nan role of tRNAs in translation, it is possible that altered tRNA modification levels will condition tRNA availability and stability, which ultimately affects translation levels. In addition to these findings, the authors were also able to identify additional modifications in the SARS-CoV2 genomic RNA. Figueroa and colleagues have specifically addressed the m6A modification and studied its impact on the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection (Figueroa et al.) . They have particularly analysed the importance of m6A writers, erasers and readers on HRSV genomic RNA accumulation and inclusion bodies assembly during viral replication. Their results suggest that m6A, through the YTHDF1-3 reader, induces a decrease in intracellular levels of viral genomic RNA and alters the dynamics of inclusion body assembly, consequently affecting viral replication. These data clearly illustrate the importance of the interplay between RNA modifications and inclusion body assembly in the context of viral infections. In a comprehensive review, Lu and colleagues explored the relationship between viruses and extracellular vesicles (Yang et al.). Viral infections have been shown to modulate the number, composition and function of extracellular vesicles to increase propagation and pathogenicity. On the other hand, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules are often targeted by viruses and have been identified as the main functional cargo of virus-related extracellular vesicles. The authors hence present and discuss the recent research progress concerning virus-regulated extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, due to the similarity between extracellular vesicles and some virus particles in terms of size and density, isolation of pure extracellular vesicles from infected cells poses important challenges. The authors address this important topic and present an informative discussion on the isolation strategies applied to virus-infected samples. In the future it will be interesting to evaluate modification levels in the ncRNAs found in the extracellular vesicles. This Research Topic brought together different perspectives on the role of the epitranscriptome in the context of viral infections. This exciting convergence of fields sheds a light on the relevance of viral epitranscriptomics, host epitranscriptome alterations in response to viral infection, contribution of epitranscriptomic marks to viral replication, and the relevance of the epitranscriptome to other regulatory mechanisms. It is expected that an increasing number of studies focused on viral-and host-mediated epitranscriptome modulation and on the identification of the factors that regulate this phenomenon will be available in the next few years. These studies will be critical to understand gene regulation during viral infection, and likely identify the epitranscriptome as a druggable target. All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication. From a to M6a: The Emerging Viral Epitranscriptome N6-methyladenosine and Viral Infection N6 -Methyladenosine Negatively Regulates Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication. Front Positive-sense RNA Viruses Reveal the Complexity and Dynamics of the Cellular and Viral Epitranscriptomes during Infection Emerging Roles of tRNAs in RNA Virus Infections Epitranscriptomic Regulation of Viral Replication Translational Control in Virus-Infected Cells RNA Epitranscriptomics: Regulation of Infection of RNA and DNA Viruses byN 6 -Methyladenosine (m 6 A) The Epitranscriptome beyond m6A The authors acknowledge support from the European Union thought the Horizon 2020 program (H2020-WIDESPREAD-2020-5 ID-952373). The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.