key: cord-0823307-mlug3m02
authors: Ferrandis, Raquel; Llau, Juan V.; Quintana, Manuel; Sierra, Pilar; Hidalgo, Francisco; Cassinello, Concepción; Gómez-Luque, Aurelio
title: COVID-19: opening a new paradigm in thromboprophylaxis for critically ill patients?
date: 2020-06-11
journal: Crit Care
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03052-9
sha: 01f5357756c4a40efd0745c78a0efeae3bec2a55
doc_id: 823307
cord_uid: mlug3m02

nan

To the Editor:

The novel infection caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 determining COVID-19 disease causes alterations mainly in the respiratory system. Many reports have postulated a procoagulant state accompanying the respiratory distress with thrombosis at both venous and arterial levels [1] . The procoagulant pattern is characterized by hyperfibrinogenemia and elevated D-dimer levels, with mild thrombocytopenia and a moderately prolonged prothrombin time [2] . Although D-dimers are not specific indicators of clot formation, in combination with the other parameters, its elevation may suggest a systemic coagulation activation with an increase of thrombin generation and fibrinolysis.

A complex physiopathology has been proposed trying to explain this profile. Coming from the thromboinflammation concept, thrombin generation appears to be the key determinant of the thromboinflammatory response extent. The damaged endothelium, many blood cellular elements, and other activated hemostatic components are involved in this prothrombotic picture [3] . Microvascular thrombi impair the blood flow all over the body, with a vascular shunt due to capillary obstruction. This determines hypoxia and tissue dysfunction at several organs, being the lung the more affected one.

Many reports have highlighted the consequences of the pro-coagulant state, but evidence on how to prevent or even treat it is scarce. Prophylactic doses of lowmolecular-weight heparin (LMWH) are recommended in most medical patients admitted to the hospital. Nevertheless, COVID-19 patients are probably out of these recommendations, and a new paradigm for the consideration of doses of LMWH could be open. Recent studies suggest the beneficial effect of the anticoagulation in severely ill COVID-19 patients, with an important reduction in mortality [4] , opening the door to a new proposal increasing the dose of LMWH in this scenario (Fig. 1) . Although the potential benefits of an increase of anticoagulation dose must be weighed and individualized, thromboprophylaxis management should consider the next proposals [5]: 

COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up

Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China

Thromboinflammation: challenges of therapeutically targeting coagulation and other host defense mechanisms

Association of treatment dose anticoagulation with in-hospital survival among hospitalized patients with COVID-19

SEDAR-SEMICYUC consensus recommendations on the management of haemostasis disturbances in severe patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

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