key: cord-0822233-q52upndx authors: Luo, Guangxiang (George); Gao, Shou‐Jiang title: Global health concerns stirred by emerging viral infections date: 2020-02-14 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25683 sha: e0f6aae30ee05e5356103a58bafc49f17934ffd3 doc_id: 822233 cord_uid: q52upndx Emerging viral infections continue to pose a major threat to global public health. In 1997, a highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus was found to directly spread from poultry to humans unlike previously reported transmission routs of human-to-human and livestock-to-human, stirring a grave concern for a possible influenza pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Emerging viral infections continue to pose a major threat to global public health. In 1997, a highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus was found to directly spread from poultry to humans unlike previously reported transmission routs of human-to-human and livestock-to-human, stirring a grave concern for a possible influenza pandemic. 1 Several other avian influenza A virus subtypes (H7N9, H9N2, and H7N3) were also associated with human disease, raising an alarm that all subtypes of influenza A virus circulating in domestic and wild birds and livestock can potentially spill over to humans, resulting in pandemics. [2] [3] [4] In 1999, a newly emerged paramyxovirus termed Nipah virus was identified as the cause of a severe encephalitis outbreak occurred in Malaysia and Singapore. 5 Human influenza A H5N1 virus related to a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus Human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus Human infection with influenza H9N2. The Lancet Human illness from avian influenza H7N3, British Columbia Nipah virus: a recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Reassortment of pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza A virus in swine Middle East respiratory syndrome Fever with thrombocytopenia associated with a novel bunyavirus in China The pathogenesis of Ebola virus disease Anticipating the international spread of Zika virus from Brazil Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan China: the mystery and the miracle Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan Updates on Wuhan 2019 Novel Coronavirus Epidemic Potential of large 'first generation' human-to-human transmission of 2019-nCoV Recent advances in the detection of respiratory virus infection in humans Emerging coronaviruses: genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis Coronavirus infection and immune responses Homologous recombination within the spike glycoprotein of the newly identified coronavirus may boost cross-species transmission to humans The 2019-new coronavirus epidemic: evidence for virus evolution A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin MERS-CoV pathogenesis and antiviral efficacy of licensed drugs in human monocyte-derived antigenpresenting cells