key: cord-0796432-d12eavcu authors: Srivastav, Adarsh Kumar; Sharma, Neha; Samuel, Asir John title: Impact of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) lockdown on physical activity and energy expenditure among physiotherapy professionals and students using web based open E-survey sent through WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram messengers date: 2020-07-14 journal: Clin Epidemiol Glob Health DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.07.003 sha: 2f0c8b9ca61dfe4591014e68c77cba872d24f832 doc_id: 796432 cord_uid: d12eavcu BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease - 19 (COVID-19) spread throughout the world and become pandemic. To stop and control the rapid infection of COVID-19 lockdown is the best option. Sudden lockdown implies change in entire lifestyle of the population. Social isolation affects individual's lives by greater reduction in their physical activity, which might increase chance of infection by reducing the immunity. To what extent, the physical activity is reduced during this lockdown period among physiotherapy professionals and students who propagate physical activity is not known. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on physical activity level and energy utilization among physiotherapy professionals and students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and forty three volunteered physiotherapy professionals and students participated in web based open E-survey. The survey was carried out by sending the Google Forms link for International Physical activity questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-SF) through social networking sites using Google forms, to gather amount of PA before and during COVID-19 lockdown period and analysed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: Among identified 261 potential survey participants, 143 responded reaching response rate of 54.8%. Total physical activity before and during COVID–19 lockdown period were 7809.7 (3849.7–11769.8) MET-min/week and 4135.7 (867.2–7404.1) MET-min/week; p < 0.0001. While energy expenditure before and during COVID–19 lockdown period were 8189.8 (4242.1–12137.6) kcal/wk and 4221.7 (1004.6–7438.8) kcal/wk; p < 0.0001. CONCLUSION: A significant reduction in self-report PA levels were observed among physiotherapy professionals and students were observed during COVID–19 lockdown period. infections, drowsiness, lethargic, obesity and other psychological problems due to physical 72 inactivity. Therefore, it is essential to understand the potential physical inactivity due to 73 lockdown COVID-19 among physiotherapy professionals and students who propagate physical 74 activity. We hypotheses that there will be no change in physical activity and energy expenditure 75 among physiotherapy professionals and students during lockdown period when compared to their 76 before lockdown period as null hypothesis and there will be significant change as alternate 77 hypothesis. The present study aimed to gather information regarding the impact of lockdown due 78 to COVID 19 on physical activity and energy expenditure among physiotherapy professionals 79 and students. Haryana due to COVID-19 lockdown. But we ensured that the study was performed according to The study was executed by sending the online link (https://forms.gle/cRsWuc1REDAVWRXu8) 120 to Physiotherapy students and professionals through social networking sites such as Facebook, 121 WhatsApp, and Instagram. 261 potential participants were identified and E-survey link was sent 122 to them through the messaging services. Return of completed questionnaire was considered as 123 consent for the participation in survey. The Survey was administered using the online survey 124 portal, Google forms® (Online survey services). As people are mostly active on social 125 networking sites and messengers when compared to frequent checking e-mails, social 126 networking sites were used for circulating the survey questionnaire. Reminder survey link was 127 sent to them, if response was not received within a period of two weeks. IP address of the client 128 computer or smart phone was used to identify potential duplicate entries from the same user. By contacting 261 potential participants, total 143 survey responses were recorded. Hence, the 172 response rate (RR) was found to be 54.8%. The mean with 95% CI of age and weight of the 173 9 survey participants were 23.9 (23 -24.8) years and 60.9 (58.9 -62.9) kg respectively. Physical 174 activity expressed in (MET-min/week) before and during lockdown period is tabulated in Table 175 1 as mean (95% CI) and as mean (SEM) in Error Bar (including sitting activity in Figure 1 and 176 without sitting activity in Figure 2 ). While energy expenditure (kcal/wk) before and during 177 lockdown period is tabulated in Table 2 and as mean (SEM) in Error Bar (including sitting 178 activity in Figure 3 and without sitting activity in Figure 4 ). There exists statistical significance 179 (p<0.0001) before and during lockdown period in physical activity and energy expenditure. Table 1 and Table 2 Instagram. This method was adopted to obtain maximum response within shorter timeframe. sitting. 21 The study proved alternate hypothesis as there is significant difference (p<0.0001) in 196 physical activity and energy expenditure among physiotherapy professionals and students during 197 lockdown period when compared to their before lockdown period. The study findings revealed that physiotherapy students and professionals performed more Table 1 . 216 Energy expenditure is also decreased before and during lockdown period. Energy expenditure 217 during lockdown period was (1264.7 kcal/wk), which is almost decreased (-55.8%) as compared 218 11 to the energy expenditure following vigorous activity before lockdown period (2861.8 kcal/wk). Energy expenditure followed by moderate physical activity was also decreased (-65.8%) during 220 lockdown period (722.9 kcal/wk) as compared to the before lockdown period (2110.9 kcal/wk). Energy expenditure during walking is also affected and decreased (-30.5%) during lockdown The total mean physical activity of physiotherapy students in their study is 435 MET-min/wk. Physical activity is composed of individual, task and environment factors. Social 243 isolation due to lockdown is believed to affect health behaviours through their impact on social 244 support for behaviour choices. 22 The results of our study shows that approximately 50% of 245 physical activity is reduced in the individuals, so we assume that there might be chance of 246 reduced the immunity level because decrease physical activity can lead to decrease in immunity. This findings can be supported by study that shows individuals who are stayed at home or lonely 248 are found to be less active. 23 Social isolation was significantly associated with physical activity 249 so individuals who are in social isolation are less physically active and also more likely to report 250 multiple health risk behaviours. 24 Various studies has been suggested that physical activity has 251 positive as well as negative impact on immune system. 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