key: cord-0772592-u5hfkjv8 authors: Xu, Mengchang; Zhou, Wenhu; Chen, Xuncai; Zhou, Ying; He, Binsheng; Tan, Songwen title: Analysis of the biodegradation performance and biofouling in a halophilic MBBR-MBR to improve the treatment of disinfected saline wastewater date: 2020-10-22 journal: Chemosphere DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128716 sha: ce0b1f5e70bdf050fa0a6cd8c341e83676372960 doc_id: 772592 cord_uid: u5hfkjv8 Disinfectant-containing wastewaters have been generated from many places, including marine industries. The synthetic NaClO-containing wastewaters have been effectively treated in a saline MBBR-MBR (moving bed biofilm reactor & membrane bioreactor) system containing marine microorganisms. A low concentration of NaCl (below 100 mg/L) is not enough to kill the microorganisms, but can affect their bioactivity and induce membrane biofouling. A linear relationship has been obtained for the half-life of membrane biofouling as a function of the NaClO concentration (10-100 mg/L): [half-life] = 25－0.12×[NaClO concentration]. The COD and NH(3)-N removals are the highest at a salinity of 30 g/L for the marine bioreactors. The behaviour of the typical biofoulants, measured real-timely by fluorescence spectroscopy, can indicate the levels of membrane biofouling and microbial activity, responding to the NaClO and NaCl influences. Based on the behavior of biofoulants, this work has also proposed a novel strategy of biofoulants monitoring for membrane antifouling, where antifouling responses can be carried out when the concentration of biofoulants significantly increases. EPS and SMP are key biofoulants that require to be monitored for membrane antifouling. degraded to be smaller molecules with less biofouling tendency (Tan and Li, 2016) . Following 68 the above antifouling strategies, however, a proper monitoring system is required to warn us 69 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f about any biofouling situations in MBR for timely antifouling responses (Flemming, 2003) . 70 Transmembrane pressure (TMP), read from a pressure gauge, has been widely used as an 71 indicator in practice for real-time monitoring, where a high TMP over 52 kPa means a significant 72 membrane fouling (Liang et al., 2007) . However, the increase of TMP lags behind the changes in respectively, as shown in Figure 5a . As a novel strategy of biofoulants monitoring for membrane 299 antifouling, antifouling responses could be carried out when the detected fluorescent intensity 300 significantly increased. As shown in Figure 5b , the intensity of biofoulants significantly 301 increased at the 10 th day and the 20 th day responding to the environmental shocks. As soon as the 302 warnings observed, the NaClO and NaCl shocks were removed for antifouling when the novel 303 strategy was used. Subsequently, the intensity of biofoulants gradually decreased. The TMP then 304 had a slower raising rate, showing a smaller tendency of membrane fouling. The antifouling 305 response was carried out when the intensity of biofoulants suddenly increased. The recovery of 306 bioactivity of bioreactors took about 2 days (from 10 th day to 14 th day; from 20 th day to 24 th day). Overall, using the novel strategy of biofoulants monitoring the membrane biofouling rate was 308 approximately half of the rate when the conventional strategy of TMP monitoring was used. It is 309 suggested that the spectroscopic monitoring of membrane biofoulants has anti-biofouling 310 advantage in the saline MBBR-MBR system for the NaClO-containing wastewater treatment. The NaClO-containing saline wastewaters were effectively treated. The MBR was not sensitive 314 to low NaClO concentrations under 5 mg/L. A linear relationship was noticed for the half-life of 315 membrane biofouling as a function of the NaClO concentration. The synergistic detrimental 316 effect from NaClO and NaCl was found to be higher than their toxicities simply acting alone. 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