key: cord-0760492-4vmmvttd
authors: Rosati, Margherita; Terpos, Evangelos; Agarwal, Mahesh; Karalis, Vangelis; Bear, Jenifer; Burns, Robert; Hu, Xintao; Papademetriou, Demetrios; Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos, Ioannis; Trougakos, Ioannis P.; Dimopoulos, Meletios‐Athanasios; Pavlakis, George N.; Felber, Barbara K.
title: Distinct neutralization profile of spike variants by antibodies induced upon SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or vaccination
date: 2021-11-05
journal: Am J Hematol
DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26380
sha: f48478dd1d01a95e0429426cb04a5f4b16999574
doc_id: 760492
cord_uid: 4vmmvttd

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). We found a strong direct correlation (Spearman r = 0.8586, p < .0001), supporting the notion that individuals with robust NAb against WA1 also strongly neutralize Delta.

vaccine-or infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 immunity 16,17 by the circulating Delta strain may occur in individuals with low anti-WA1 antibodies. Our data indicate that a WA1-based booster vaccination will greatly improve anti-Delta immune response.

To further characterize the WA1 vaccine-induced and the infection-induced Delta-specific antibodies, we compared the ratio of the respective NAb and binding antibodies in the three cohorts ( Figure 1I ). Interestingly, compared to the naïve vaccine recipients, we found significant higher ratios in the convalescent cohort and in the convalescent vaccine recipients. These data support the conclusion SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination using WA1 is being implemented in many countries to increase the anti-Spike antibody titers, and our data support its merit to improve anti-WA1 antibody magnitude and thereby increased ability to recognize Delta. However, our data also show that the magnitude alone is not sufficient to neutralize effectively current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Thus, future booster vaccinations with variant Spike vaccines, including Delta and Beta, should be considered to increase the breadth of the immune responses. The nucleic acid vaccine platform offers the necessary versatility to rapidly adapt to emerging variants of concern, which need to be considered in the future to improve vaccine efficacy.

Systemic IL-15, IFN-gamma, and IP-10/CXCL10 signature associated with effective immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine recipients

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in convalescent plasma donors are increased in hospitalized Patients; Subanalyses of a phase 2 clinical study

SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics eight months from COVID-19 οnset: persistence of spike antibodies but loss of neutralizing antibodies in 24% of convalescent plasma donors

Control of SARS-CoV-2 infection after spike DNA or spike DNA+protein co-immunization in rhesus macaques

Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals

Measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity using pseudotyped and chimeric viruses

Differential effects of the second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose on T cell immunity in naive and COVID-19 recovered individuals

Safety and immunogenicity of an mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2: a phase 1 randomized clinical trial

Two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine enhances antibody responses to variants in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection

Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants

Reduced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variant delta to antibody neutralization

Sera neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 and multiple variants six month after hospitalization for COVID-19

mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants

Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 to mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies

Covid-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated health care workers

Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infections, including COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections

Transmission event of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant reveals multiple vaccine breakthrough infections

The authors thank D. Esposito (Protein Expression lab; NCI) for SARS-CoV-2 Spike-RBD proteins; members of the Felber and Pavlakis labs for discussion, and T. Jones for assistance. This work was supported by funding from the Intramural Research Program, National