key: cord-0739660-0qzldwhw authors: Wang, Huan; Chen, Yancong; Lin, Yali; Abesig, Julius; Wu, Irene XY; Tam, Wilson title: The methodological quality of individual participant data meta-analysis on intervention effects: systematic review date: 2021-04-19 journal: BMJ DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n736 sha: ba5bddfa5225a3741d0b3370b117c192a4d0f557 doc_id: 739660 cord_uid: 0qzldwhw OBJECTIVE: To assess the methodological quality of individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis and to identify areas for improvement. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Systematic reviews with IPD meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials on intervention effects published in English. RESULTS: 323 IPD meta-analyses covering 21 clinical areas and published between 1991 and 2019 were included: 270 (84%) were non-Cochrane reviews and 269 (84%) were published in journals with a high impact factor (top quarter). The IPD meta-analyses showed low compliance in using a satisfactory technique to assess the risk of bias of the included randomised controlled trials (43%, 95% confidence interval 38% to 48%), accounting for risk of bias when interpreting results (40%, 34% to 45%), providing a list of excluded studies with justifications (32%, 27% to 37%), establishing an a priori protocol (31%, 26% to 36%), prespecifying methods for assessing both the overall effects (44%, 39% to 50%) and the participant-intervention interactions (31%, 26% to 36%), assessing and considering the potential of publication bias (31%, 26% to 36%), and conducting a comprehensive literature search (19%, 15% to 23%). Up to 126 (39%) IPD meta-analyses failed to obtain IPD from 90% or more of eligible participants or trials, among which only 60 (48%) provided reasons and 21 (17%) undertook certain strategies to account for the unavailable IPD. CONCLUSIONS: The methodological quality of IPD meta-analyses is unsatisfactory. Future IPD meta-analyses need to establish an a priori protocol with prespecified data syntheses plan, comprehensively search the literature, critically appraise included randomised controlled trials with appropriate technique, account for risk of bias during data analyses and interpretation, and account for unavailable IPD. □ as a single "mega" trial □ Yes For Yes: □ the choice of one-or two-stage methods were pre-specified, AND/OR □ results from both approaches were provided ) Fisher and colleagues,(4) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Individual Participants Data extension AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both Meta-analyses of Randomised Controlled Trials: Guidance on Their Use Meta-analysis of individual participant data: rationale, conduct, and reporting A critical review of methods for the assessment of patient-level interactions in individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized trials, and guidance for practitioners Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data: The PRISMA-IPD Statement Aspirin has potential benefits for primary prevention of cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes: Updated literaturebased and individual participant data meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials Cerclage for short cervix on ultrasound in singleton gestations without prior preterm birth: Meta-analysis of trials Role of chemotherapy in 5000 patients with head and neck cancer treated by curative surgery: A subgroup analysis of the meta-analysis of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer Cognitive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation treatment in patients with major depressive disorder: An individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised, sham-controlled trials Effect of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment on clinical outcomes in intensive care unit patients with infection and sepsis patients: a patient-level meta-analysis of randomized trials Timing of enteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis: meta-analysis of individuals using a single-arm of randomised trials Impact of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart failure (ExTraMATCH II) on mortality and hospitalisation: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised trials Insomnia in Alcohol-Dependent Patients: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Acamprosate Effect: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis Optimisation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for untreated Hodgkin lymphoma patients with respect to second malignant neoplasms, overall and progression-free survival: individual participant data analysis Efficacy and safety of co-administered ivermectin plus albendazole for treating soil-transmitted helminths: A systematic review, meta-analysis and individual patient data analysis Initial severity of depression and efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy: individual-participant data meta-analysis of pill-placebo-controlled trials. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science Is self-guided internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) harmful? An individual participant data metaanalysis Microbial Preparations (Probiotics) for the Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of 6,851 Participants Effect of diet and physical activity based interventions in pregnancy on gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes: Meta-Analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials Adjuvant interferon-alpha for the treatment of high-risk melanoma: An individual patient data meta-analysis Effects of intensive glucose control on microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials Optimal timing of an invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomised trials Rituximab maintenance improves overall survival of patients with follicular lymphoma-Individual patient data meta-analysis Vitamin D supplementation to prevent asthma exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. The Lancet Respiratory medicine Antiplatelet Agents and the Prevention of Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An Individual Patient Meta-Analysis: Thrombectomy Trialists Collaboration Modifiers of the effect of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation on stillbirth, birth outcomes, and infant mortality: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from 17 randomised trials in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet Global health Efficacy of Self-guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms: A Metaanalysis of Individual Participant Data Effects of procalcitonin testing on antibiotic use and clinical outcomes in patients with upper respiratory tract infections. An individual patient data meta-analysis. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine Gefitinib or Erlotinib vs Chemotherapy for EGFR Mutation-Positive Lung Cancer: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Overall Survival Safety and acceptability of transcranial direct current stimulation for the acute treatment of major depressive episodes: Analysis of individual patient data The persistence of the effects of acupuncture after a course of treatment: a meta-analysis of patients with chronic pain Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data Role of radiotherapy fractionation in head and neck cancers (MARCH): an updated meta-analysis. The Lancet Oncology D-Cycloserine Augmentation of Exposure-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data Zinc acetate lozenges may improve the recovery rate of common cold patients: An individual patient data meta-analysis. Open Forum Infectious Diseases Antiplatelet therapy before or after 16 weeks' gestation for preventing preeclampsia: an individual participant data meta-analysis Statin therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. individual patient data meta-analysis Bleeding-Related Deaths in Relation to the Duration of Dual-Antiplatelet Therapy After Coronary Stenting Glycemic Control During Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Versus Multiple Daily Insulin Injections in Type 2 Diabetes: Individual Patient Data Metaanalysis and Meta-regression of Randomized Controlled Trials Antibiotics for acute otitis media: a meta-analysis with individual patient data Hyperfractionated or accelerated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis Vaginal progesterone decreases preterm birth and neonatal morbidity and mortality in women with a twin gestation and a short cervix: an updated meta-analysis of individual patient data Does time matter? A pooled analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing primary percutaneous coronary intervention and in-hospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction patients Subgroup analyses of the effectiveness of oral glucosamine for knee and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis from the OA trial bank. Annals of the rheumatic diseases Chemotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an individual patient data meta-analysis of eight randomized trials and 1753 patients Dual Antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation in women versus men: A sex-specific patient-level pooled-analysis of six randomized trials. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions Concomitant radiochemotherapy based on platin compounds in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a meta-analysis of individual data from 1764 patients Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews The Impact of Dietary Protein or Amino Acid Supplementation on Muscle Mass and Strength in Elderly People: Individual Participant Data and Meta-Analysis of RCT's. The journal of nutrition, health & aging Adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer (individual patient data). The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Self-monitoring of blood pressure in hypertension: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis Follow-up strategies for women treated for early breast cancer. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Continuing or Temporarily Stopping Prestroke Antihypertensive Medication in Acute Stroke: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders Enoxaparin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis with or without pulmonary embolism: an individual patient data metaanalysis Systematic review of purine analog treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: lessons for future trials Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Incorporating Individual Patient Data Early supported discharge services for stroke patients: a meta-analysis of individual patients' data Effect of CPAP on blood pressure in patients with minimally symptomatic obstructive sleep apnoea: a meta-analysis using individual patient data from four randomised controlled trials Endoscopic therapy versus medical therapy for bleeding peptic ulcer with adherent clot: a meta-analysis Taxanecisplatin-fluorouracil as induction chemotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancers: an individual patient data meta-analysis of the meta-analysis of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer group Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and combined modality for Hodgkin's disease, with emphasis on second cancer risk. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews No evidence that embryo selection by near-infrared spectroscopy in addition to morphology is able to improve live birth rates: results from an individual patient data meta-analysis Adenoidectomy with or without grommets for children with otitis media: an individual patient data meta-analysis Initial management strategies for dyspepsia The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized evidence to assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic uterosacral nerve ablation in chronic pelvic pain. Human reproduction update Cerclage for short cervix on ultrasonography: meta-analysis of trials using individual patient-level data Preoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Allogeneic peripheral blood stem-cell compared with bone marrow transplantation in the management of hematologic malignancies: an individual patient data meta-analysis of nine randomized trials Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: update of a systematic review and metaanalysis of individual patient data advanced bladder cancer (ABC) meta-analysis collaboration A pooled analysis of vitamin D dose requirements for fracture prevention Chemotherapy and radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an update of the MAC-NPC meta-analysis Individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of community occupational therapy for stroke patients Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced cervix cancer. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Cognitive behavioral therapy age effects in child and adolescent anxiety: an individual patient data metaanalysis. Depression and anxiety CNS-directed therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Childhood ALL Collaborative Group Nocturnal noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in stable COPD: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Respiratory medicine Selegiline for Alzheimer's disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Effect of B-type natriuretic peptide-guided treatment of chronic heart failure on total mortality and hospitalization: an individual patient meta-analysis Chemotherapy in adult high-grade glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from 12 randomised trials Oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: an individual patient data pooling analysis of clinical trials Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients Direct thrombin inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: principal results of a meta-analysis based on individual patients' data Inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants: an individualpatient data metaanalysis of randomized trials Alpha-interferon does Interferon as therapy for multiple myeloma: an individual patient data overview of 24 randomized trials and 4012 patients Effect of amifostine on survival among patients treated with radiotherapy: A meta-analysis of individual patient data Chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Effects of cobalt-chromium everolimus eluting stents or bare metal stent on fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: patient level meta-analysis Chemotherapy added to locoregional treatment for head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma: three meta-analyses of updated individual data. MACH-NC Collaborative Group. Meta-Analysis of Chemotherapy on Head and Neck Cancer AZT) versus AZT plus didanosine (ddI) versus AZT plus zalcitabine (ddC) in HIV infected adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Six versus fewer planned cycles of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data Immediate versus deferred zidovudine (AZT) in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic HIV infected adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Effectiveness of progestogens to improve perinatal outcome in twin pregnancies: an individual participant data meta-analysis Therapeutic effects of oral zinc in acute and persistent diarrhea in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation for Treatment of Poststroke Dysphagia: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials Protective versus Conventional Ventilation for Surgery: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis Emergency ultrasound-based algorithms for diagnosing blunt abdominal trauma. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Effects of blood pressure reduction in mild hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis Palliative chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis Effect of vitamin D supplementation on markers of vascular function: A systematic review and individual participant metaanalysis Adjuvant chemotherapy for localised resectable soft tissue sarcoma in adults. Sarcoma Metaanalysis Collaboration (SMAC). The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Corticosteroids in Patients Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Metaanalysis Drug-coated balloon angioplasty for femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis: The repair cooperation: A meta-analysis of individual participant data from 3 randomized trials Chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Effects of restrictive red blood cell transfusion on the prognoses of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Effect of treatment delay on the effectiveness and safety of antifibrinolytics in acute severe haemorrhage: a metaanalysis of individual patient-level data from 40 138 bleeding patients Quinine for nocturnal leg cramps: a meta-analysis including unpublished data Chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: four systematic meta-analyses of individual patient data from 37 randomized trials Advanced Ovarian Cancer Trialists' Group Effects and moderators of psychosocial interventions on quality of life, and emotional and social function in patients with cancer: An individual patient data meta-analysis of 22 RCTs Combination chemotherapy versus melphalan plus prednisone as treatment for multiple myeloma: an overview of 6,633 patients from 27 randomized trials. Myeloma Trialists' Collaborative Group Do guided internet-based interventions result in clinically relevant changes for patients with depression? An individual participant data meta-analysis Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists During Chemotherapy for Preservation of Ovarian Function and Fertility in Premenopausal Patients With Early Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient-Level Data Efficacy and Safety of Oseltamivir in Children: Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Single-patient data meta-analysis of 3453 postoperative patients: oral tramadol versus placebo, codeine and combination analgesics Early glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors in primary angioplasty-abciximab long-term results (EGYPT-ALT) cooperation: individual patient's data meta-analysis Interferon alfa versus chemotherapy for chronic myeloid leukemia: a meta-analysis of seven randomized trials: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Trialists' Collaborative Group Is aspirin effective in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)? Results from an individual patient data metaanalysis (IPD MA). Human reproduction update Meta-analysis of efficacy of quinine for treatment of nocturnal leg cramps in elderly people Fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention vs. medical therapy for patients with stable coronary lesions: Meta-Analysis of individual patient data Prostate Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group Early neonatal Vitamin A supplementation and infant mortality: An individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials Impact of Exercise Rehabilitation on Exercise Capacity and Quality-of-Life in Heart Failure: Individual Participant Meta-Analysis Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy--I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients Clinical research ed) Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for chronic heart failure: The EXTRAMATCH II individual participant data meta-analysis Cyclophosphamide plus cisplatin versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin chemotherapy of ovarian carcinoma: a meta-analysis. The Ovarian Cancer Meta-Analysis Project Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for antipsychotic-associated cardio-metabolic risk factors: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis Faster recovery and reduced paracetamol use -A meta-analysis of EPs 7630 in children with acute respiratory tract infections Drug-eluting stents Drug-eluting or bare-metal stents for percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and individual patient data metaanalysis of randomised clinical trials Artesunate combinations for treatment of malaria: meta-analysis Delivery or expectant management for prevention of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: an individual participant data meta-analysis Effect of Xpert MTB/RIF on clinical outcomes in routine care settings: individual patient data meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health Analysis of 14 trials comparing sirolimus-eluting stents with bare-metal stents. The New England journal of medicine Deterioration rates in Virtual Reality Therapy: An individual patient data level meta-analysis Meta-analysis of randomized trials on drug-eluting stents vs. bare-metal stents in patients with acute myocardial infarction Tissue sealants for the prevention of lymphoceles after radical inguinal lymph node dissection in patients with melanoma: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis Long term effects of inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis Effects of dietary and physical activity interventions on the risk of type 2 diabetes in South Asians: meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials Adjunctive vitamin D in tuberculosis treatment: Meta-analysis of individual participant data Vitamin D to prevent exacerbations of COPD: Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials Risk Trade-Off during Anti-Platelet Therapy: Individual Patient Level Landmark Meta-Analysis from Seven RCTs. Thrombosis and haemostasis Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: Individual participant data meta-analysis Tudur Smith C. Carbamazepine versus phenobarbitone monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review Tudur Smith C. Carbamazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review Sodium valproate versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review Topiramate versus carbamazepine monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review Lamotrigine versus carbamazepine monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review Meta-analysis of two randomized phase III trials Cognitive -Behavioural therapy does not meaningfully reduce depression in most people with epilepsy: A systematic review of clinically reliable improvement Individual virological suppression: GeSIDA study 9717 B-type natriuretic peptide-guided therapy for heart failure (HF): a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data (IPD) and aggregate data Focused psychosocial interventions for children in low-resource humanitarian settings: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. The Lancet Global health Immediate Delivery Compared With Expectant Management in Late Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis Effectiveness and treatment moderators of internet interventions for adult problem drinking: An individual patient data meta-analysis of 19 randomised controlled trials Vaginal progesterone for preventing preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton gestations with a short cervix: a meta-analysis of individual patient data Repetitive sessions of tDCS to improve naming in post-stroke aphasia: Insights from an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis Effect of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment on mortality in acute respiratory infections: a patient level meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious diseases Acupuncture treatments for infantile colic: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of blinding test validated randomised controlled trials The effect of vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation on routine haematological parameters in older people: an individual participant data meta-analysis Lactobacillus reuteri to Treat Infant Colic: A Meta-analysis Renal replacement therapy intensity for acute kidney injury and recovery to dialysis independence: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis Vasopressin in septic shock: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials Platinum versus platinum-combination chemotherapy in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis using individual patient data Vitamin D with calcium reduces mortality: patient level pooled analysis of 70,528 patients from eight major vitamin D trials Carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials of central nervous system directed therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia Vaginal progesterone in women with an asymptomatic sonographic short cervix in the midtrimester decreases preterm delivery and neonatal morbidity: a systematic review and metaanalysis of individual patient data Preoperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: Systematic review with meta-analysis combining individual patient and aggregate data Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Carboplatin-or cisplatinbased chemotherapy in first-line treatment of small-cell lung cancer: the COCIS meta-analysis of individual patient data Effect of daily aspirin on long-term risk of death due to cancer: analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials Short-term effects of daily aspirin on cancer incidence, mortality, and non-vascular death: analysis of the time course of risks and benefits in 51 randomised controlled trials Effectiveness of electronic fetal monitoring with additional ST analysis in vertex singleton pregnancies at >36 weeks of gestation: an individual participant data metaanalysis A quantitative review of the profile and time course of symptom change in schizophrenia treated with clozapine Individual patient meta-analysis of exercise training effects on systemic brain natriuretic peptide expression in heart failure Intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation (IABP) for myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Acupuncture for chronic pain: individual patient data meta-analysis. Archives of internal medicine Early glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors in primary angioplasty-abciximab long-term results (EGYPT-ALT) cooperation: Individual patient's data meta-analysis Safety and clinical outcome of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of individual patient data Selective serotonin 3 receptor antagonist treatment for schizophrenia: meta-analysis and systematic review Preoperative chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data Individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluating IL-2 monotherapy as remission maintenance therapy in acute myeloid leukemia Hoz Caballer B. Safety and efficacy profile and immunological changes associated with oral immunotherapy for IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy in children: systematic review and meta-analysis Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Postoperative glaucoma following infantile cataract surgery: an individual patient data meta-analysis Types of parental involvement in CBT with anxious youth: a preliminary meta-analysis Effect of sirolimus on malignancy and survival after kidney transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data Gender as predictor and moderator of outcome in cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy for adult depression: an "individual patient data" meta-analysis. Depression and anxiety Drug-eluting vs bare-metal stents in primary angioplasty: a pooled patient-level meta-analysis of randomized trials. Archives of internal medicine Evidence-based periodontal plastic surgery An individual data meta-analysis for evaluating factors in achieving complete root coverage Cardiovascular outcomes during treatment with dabigatran: comprehensive analysis of individual subject data by treatment. Vascular health and risk management The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Drug-eluting stents in patients with anterior STEMI undergoing primary angioplasty: A substudy of the DESERT cooperation Effects of cardiac contractility modulation by non-excitatory electrical stimulation on exercise capacity and quality of life: an individual patient's data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Effects of lixisenatide on elevated liver transaminases: systematic review with individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on patients with type 2 diabetes Efficacy of device-guided breathing for hypertension in blinded, randomized, active-controlled trials: a meta-analysis of individual patient data Acute infective conjunctivitis in primary care: who needs antibiotics? An individual patient data meta-analysis. The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Individual patient data meta-analysis of enoxaparin vs. unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism prevention in medical patients Yokukansan in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Hyperfractionated or accelerated radiotherapy in lung cancer: an individual patient data meta-analysis Clinical effectiveness of elective single versus double embryo transfer: Meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials Oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Disease-free survival as a surrogate for overall survival in adjuvant trials of gastric cancer: A meta-analysis Early revascularization is beneficial across all ages and a wide spectrum of cardiogenic shock severity: A pooled analysis of trials Add-on fluvoxamine treatment for schizophrenia: an updated metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience Blonanserin for schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, controlled trials Efficacy and safety of noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor augmentation therapy for schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of double-blind randomized placebocontrolled trials Acamprosate for alcohol dependence: a sex-specific meta-analysis based on individual patient data. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers are beneficial in normotensive atherosclerotic patients: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials Phenytoin versus valproate monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Compression for venous leg ulcers Clinical benefit of statin pretreatment in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a collaborative patient-level meta-analysis of 13 randomized studies Follow-up strategies for women treated for early breast cancer Did the review authors perform study selection in duplicate? Item 6, Did the review authors perform data extraction in duplicate? Item 7, Did the review authors provide a list of excluded studies and justify the exclusions? Item 8, Did the review authors describe the included studies in adequate detail? Item 9-2, Was the quality of time-to-event-outcome data checked? Item 10, Did the review authors report on the sources of funding for the studies included in the review? Item 11-2, Was the choice of one-or two-stage analysis specified in advance and/or results for both approaches provided? Item 14, Did the review authors provide a satisfactory explanation for, and discussion of, any heterogeneity observed in the results of the review? Item 16, Did the review authors report any potential sources of conflict of interest, including any funding they received for conducting the review? Item 17-1, Were IPD obtained from a large proportion of the eligible trials? Item 17-2, Were the reasons for not obtaining IPD provided? Item 17-3, Were there any strategies taken to account for unavailable IPD? Item 18-1, Were the data checked for missing, invalid out-of-range, or inconsistent items? Item 18-2, Did the author check any discrepancies with the trial report (if available)? Item 18-3, Were any issues queried and, if possible, resolved? Item 19-1, Were the methods of assessing whether effects of interventions vary by participant characteristics appropriate? Item 19-2, Was the choice of participant-level characteristics and methods of assessing participant-level interactions specified in advance? Item 20, If there was no evidence of a differential effect by trial or participant characteristic MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews; IPD, individual participant data Neoplasms 67 (21) Diseases of the circulatory system 64 (20) Mental and behavioral or neurodevelopmental disorders 31 (10) Diseases of the nervous system 26 (8) Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium 23 (7) Diseases of the respiratory system 19 (6) Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases 13 (4) Diseases of the digestive system 11 (3) Diseases of the musculoskeletal system or connective tissue 10 (3) Symptoms, signs or clinical findings, not elsewhere classified 8 (2) Diseases of the genitourinary system 6 (2) Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 2 (1) Diseases of the skin 1 (0.3) Unclear which methods it used 5 (2) * 144 IPD meta-analyses were used as the denominator; †75 IPD meta-analyses were used as the denominator; ‡96 IPD meta-analyses were used as the denominator. Appendix 8 The methodological quality according to item on the 323 IPD meta-analyses overtime