key: cord-0735214-o7qz4vd7
authors: Wang, Tianyi; Sun, Xiaoyu; Guo, Xin; Zhang, Jinqiang; Yang, Jian; Tao, Shouxuan; Guan, Jun; Zhou, Lin; Han, Jie; Wang, Chengyin; Yao, Hang; Wang, Guoxiu
title: Ultraefficiently Calming Cytokine Storm Using Ti(3)C(2)T(x) MXene
date: 2021-01-18
journal: Small Methods
DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001108
sha: ff1cb0c9f90a02f753ac598e4ffcebbfc4c3b0aa
doc_id: 735214
cord_uid: o7qz4vd7

During the global outbreak of COVID‐19 pandemic, “cytokine storm” conditions are regarded as the fatal step resulting in most mortality. Hemoperfusion is widely used to remove cytokines from the blood of severely ill patients to prevent uncontrolled inflammation induced by a cytokine storm. This article discoveres, for the first time, that 2D Ti(3)C(2)T(x) MXene sheet demonstrates an ultrahigh removal capability for typical cytokine interleukin‐6. In particular, MXene shows a 13.4 times higher removal efficiency over traditional activated carbon absorbents. Molecular‐level investigations reveal that MXene exhibits a strong chemisorption mechanism for immobilizing cytokine interleukin‐6 molecules, which is different from activated carbon absorbents. MXene sheet also demonstrates excellent blood compatibility without any deleterious side influence on the composition of human blood. This work can open a new avenue to use MXene sheets as an ultraefficient hemoperfusion absorbent to eliminate the cytokine storm syndrome in treatment of severe COVID‐19 patients.

The high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy survey spectra (XPS of C 1s demonstrates three peaks at 284.80, 282.40 and 286.7 eV respectively ( Figure S6a ), which can be assigned to C-C, C-Ti and C-O. 1 Figure S6b shows the spectrum of Ti 2p. Two main peaks at 455.78 and 457.10 eV contributed from 2p3/2 Ti(II) and 2p3/2 C-Ti. 2 Figure S6c shows the high-resolution XPS of O 1s. The peak can be fitted into 530.28, 531.69 and 533.28 eV three peaks. 533.28 eV is from C-O, 531.69 eV is from O-H and the 530.28 is from Ti-O. [3] [4] [5] Figure S6d analysis the spectrum of F, which spot two main peaks belonging to F-C (688.79 eV) and F-Ti (686.91 eV). 6, 7 The existence of these groups largely improves the interlayer distance of nanosheets, hence alleviating MXene's nature to aggregate. Some According to previous research, foreign materials could result in the activation of platelets especially for those without ideal hemocompatibility. This effect could induce the release of PF4 and initiate other consequence such as coagulation factors, hence accelerating the formation of thrombin and coagulations. 9, 10 In this work, we employed PF4 concentration level to evaluate the platelet activation for MXene. 

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