key: cord-0729354-n37j3019
authors: Lin, Kuan-Yin; Wu, Pei-Ying; Liu, Wang-Da; Sun, Hsin-Yun; Hsieh, Szu-Min; Sheng, Wang-Huei; Huang, Yu-Shan; Hung, Chien-Ching; Chang, Shan-Chwen
title: Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination among people living with HIV during a COVID-19 outbreak
date: 2022-05-05
journal: J Microbiol Immunol Infect
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.04.006
sha: 577cb7724e89581ea31b192f1042c8846e1776f5
doc_id: 729354
cord_uid: n37j3019

COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for at-risk populations, but the vaccine effectiveness in people living with HIV (PLWH) remains incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccination was clinically effective among PLWH during the outbreak setting with a low endemicity of COVID-19 where non-pharmaceutical interventions were strictly implemented.

higher risk for poorer COVID-19 outcomes. 1 Although COVID-19 vaccination is recommended 35 for at-risk populations, the vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy in PLWH remain 36 incompletely understood. Delayed and suboptimal serologic responses to some vaccines (eg, 37 against hepatitis A) have been shown among PLWH; however, vaccination was still highly 38 effective during an outbreak setting in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). 2 39

Previous studies on COVID-19 vaccine responses in PLWH only included medically stable 40 individuals, which demonstrated that antibody and cellular immune responses seemed to be 41 similar between PLWH and those without HIV. 3,4 However, individuals with profound 42 immune deficiency may fail to mount adequate antibody responses after completion of 43 vaccine series. 5 Therefore, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a 44 supplemental dose for PLWH with CD4 count <200 cells/mm 3 . 6 Since the booster vaccination 45

was not widely rolled out due to shortages of vaccine supply and overloaded public health 46 infrastructure during the outbreak worldwide, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 47 followed by mRNA-1273 (595/2639, 22.5%) and BNT162b2 (162/2639, 6.1%). Since the vaccinated group, and 236 contributed 12,011 PDFU to the fully-vaccinated group (Table 1) . 106

The baseline characteristics were generally comparable between the 3 groups. Because 107 various vaccines were available in different study periods, participants in the fully-vaccinated 108 group tended to have received BNT162b2, Sinovac, and Sinopharm vaccines and have not 109 (Table 1 ). The incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 6.4 per 100,000 115 PDFU in the unvaccinated group, which decreased to 2.9 and 0 per 100,000 PDFU in the 116 partially-and fully-vaccinated groups, respectively (Table 1) In conclusion, we found that COVID-19 vaccination was effective in preventing SARS- 

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