key: cord-0727463-8smfsamh authors: Giovagnoni, Andrea; De Filippo, Massimo; Barile, Antonio title: Diagnostic and interventional radiology: an update date: 2020-07-13 journal: Acta Biomed DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i8-s.9995 sha: ae49235bc7c57c06d5dde35b582fc864c36871f8 doc_id: 727463 cord_uid: 8smfsamh NOT PRESENT. In recent years, radiology has undergone revolutionary changes in all aspects of the discipline (1-10). The progressive and rapid innovation of technology has led on the one hand to ever more significant and new applications in the diagnostic field; on the other hand, it has opened up to interventional radiology therapeutic possibilities that are radically changing the clinical approach to numerous pathologies (11-15). Furthermore, the advent of artificial intelligence is unveiling a new scenario with which the radiologist of the future will have to confront, and which will undoubtedly lead to important implications in the conception of radiology (16) (17) (18) . In this context of innovation, the clinical and -above all -global approach of radiology remains fundamental (19) (20) (21) ; it is for this reason that with this Special Issue entitled "Diagnostic and interventional radiology: an update" we wanted to deal with some focuses that summarized the foundations of diagnostic and interventional radiology topics in light of the relative "state of the art". In the first part of the volume, dedicated to abdominal imaging (22) (23) (24) , the first two articles, "Hepatic tumors: pitfalls in diagnostic imaging" and "The role of imaging in surgical planning for liver resection" represent a guide to the radiologist who have to integrate the different and multimodal diagnostic techniques, to confront and being a point of reference for the clinicians and the surgeons in the patient's therapeutic management (25) (26) (27) . The third article by Reginelli et al., "MRI of perianal fistulas in Chron's disease", also deals with a very frequent pathology, for which a precise and therapyoriented imaging diagnosis is fundamental. In particu-lar, the authors provide valuable notions of anatomy and study technique, essential for the formulation of an exhaustive diagnosis (28) . Another contribution by Reginelli et al., "Extranodal lymphomas: a pictorial review for CT and MRI classification", focuses on the study of the imaging classification of a pathology in which staging and treatment are primarily clinical, but supported by careful imaging study. In the second section, we focused on thoracic and cardiovascular radiology topics (29) (30) (31) . The article "Anterior chest wall non-traumatic diseases: a road map for the radiologist" is an accurate focus on the pathology of the chest wall, a topic for which the radiologist can often find difficulties about the information to provide to the clinician, and for which knowledge of anatomy and possible pathological pictures is of fundamental importance. Following the recent tragic pandemic outbreak of Coronavirus pneumonia, Floridi et al. discuss, with a "practical guide", the fundamental role of diagnostic imaging in the approach and management of patients with COVID-19. The last article of the thoracic section is the contribution of Pradella et al., "Masses in right side of the heart: spectrum of imaging findings", dedicated to cardiac radiology, in which the authors provide an overview of the radiological characteristics -either with coronary CT and with cardiac MRI -of cardiac tumors and masses. The next section is dedicated to the great chapter of interventional radiology, of which we have collected some insights. The work by Ierardi et al., "Basic em-bolization techniques: tips and tricks" is a handy guide to the interventional radiologist, more or less expert, providing practical indications on the techniques and materials for one of the leading and most crucial interventional radiology endovascular procedures (32) . Another technique for which interventional radiology has become a fundamental prerogative is biopsy. Pagnini et al. discuss about it in their contribution "Imaging guided percutaneous renal biopsy", underlining the importance of the knowledge of imaging in such a demanding approach as that of renal biopsy. Turning to extravascular interventional neuroradiology, Negro et al., in their article "Predictive factors of volumetric reduction in lumbar disc herniation treated by O2-O3 chemiodiscolysis", present an original study dealing with a popular, effective and minimally invasive technique for the treatment of low back pain (33, 34) . The recent innovations applied to diagnostic and interventional radiology have led to significant changes also in the field of musculoskeletal radiology (35) (36) (37) (38) (39) . In the article "Advanced diagnostic imaging and intervention in tendon diseases", Bruno et al. describe the application of advanced MRI and US techniques in the study of degenerative tendon pathology, together with the description of the main imaging-guided interventional techniques (40) . More focused on diagnostics, the contribution of Acanfora et al. on the spectrum of synovial pathology describes the most frequent inflammatory, degenerative, and pseudotumoral pathology (41, 42) . Dual-energy technology in CT imaging has been introduced recently (43); one of the most interesting and useful applications is the study of joint gouty crystals, described by Carotti Despite the difficulty in the exhaustive treatment of such vast and complex topics, we believe that the proposed works can be essential and useful targeted insights for radiologists of different subspecialties. A heartfelt thanks to all the authors who made the realization of this project possible. Authors declare that they have no commercial associations (e.g. consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangement etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. A new technique for biopsy of soft tissue neoplasms: a preliminary experience using MRI to evaluate bleeding Percutaneous cholecystostomy as the sole treatment in critically ill and elderly patients Ultra-low profil polymer-filled stent graft for abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment: a two-year follow-up Endovascular stent graft treatment of thoracic aortic syndromes: a 7-year experience Delta-radiomics increases multicentre reproducibility: a phantom study Artificial intelligence: a challenge for third millennium radiologist Artificial intelligence: Who is responsible for the diagnosis? Dynamic measurement of patello-femoral joint alignment using weight-bearing magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) The many faces of aortic dissections: Beware of unusual presentations Circulating tumor cells and microemboli can differentiate malignant and benign pulmonary lesions Role of plain radiography in the assessment of ingested foreign bodies in the pediatric patients Usefulness of triphasic CT aortic angiography in acute and surveillance: Our experience in the assessment of acute aortic dissection and endoleak Importance of radiological detection of early pulmonary acute complications of liver transplantation: analysis of 259 cases Does Enhancement or Perfusion on Preprocedure CT Predict Outcomes After Embolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma? Diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging in the prediction and assessment of chemotherapy outcome in liver metastases CT findings in acute, subacute, and chronic ischemic colitis: suggestions for diagnosis Radiation exposure related to cardiovascular CT examination: comparison between conventional 64-MDCT and third-generation dualsource MDCT Coronary computed tomography angiography in the evaluation of intermediate risk asymptomatic individuals How much do GOLD stages reflect CT abnormalities in COPD patients The role of endovascular treatment of pelvic fracture bleeding in emergency settings T2 shine-through phenomena in diffusion-weighted MR imaging of lumbar discs after oxygen-ozone discolysis: a randomized, doubleblind trial with steroid and O2-O3 discolysis versus steroid only Does evaluator experience have an impact on the diagnosis of lumbar spine instability in dynamic MRI? Interobserver agreement study Treatment of focal benign lesions of the bone: MRgFUS and RFA An unusual localization of chondroblastoma: The triradiate cartilage; from a case report a reconstructive technique proposal with imaging evolution Imaging of postoperative shoulder instability Mini-incision direct lateral approach versus anterior mini-invasive approach in total hip replacement: results 1 year after surgery Present role and future perspectives of interventional radiology in the treatment of painful bone lesions Magnetic-resonance-guided focused ultrasound treatment of non-spinal osteoid osteoma in children: multicentre experience Relationship between magnetic resonance imaging findings, radiological grading, psychological distress and pain in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis New advances in MRI diagnosis of degenerative osteoarthropathy of the peripheral joints Trends in radiation dose and image quality for pediatric patients with a multidetector CT and a third-generation dual-source dual-energy CT Radiological strategy in acute stroke in children Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: sonographic evaluation of dysphagia High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging at 3T of pituitary gland: advantages and pitfalls 320-Row Detector Dynamic 4D-CTA for the Assessment of Brain and Spinal Cord Vascular Shunting Malformations. A Technical Note Dosimetric Predictors of Acute and Chronic Alopecia in Primary Brain Cancer Patients Treated With Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Dynamic MRI in the evaluation of the spine: state of the art MRI DWI/ADC signal predicts shrinkage of lumbar disc herniation after O2-O3 discolysis Thoracic spine trauma: advanced imaging modality