key: cord-0715164-dsbwnvtd authors: Hashmi, Ayesha; Nayak, Vanya; Singh, Kshitji R.B.; Jain, Bhawana; Baid, Mitisha; Alexis, Frank; Singh, Ajaya Kumar title: Potentialities of graphene and its allied derivatives to combat against SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2022-01-13 journal: Mater Today Adv DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2022.100208 sha: 7548075c4a2be5173fce1d3ad249bf7437a2310c doc_id: 715164 cord_uid: dsbwnvtd Graphene is a two-dimensional material with sp2 hybridization that has found its broad-spectrum potentialities in various domains like electronics, robotics, aeronautics, etc.; it has recently gained its utilities in the biomedical domain. The unique properties of graphene and its derivatives of graphene have helped them find their utilities in the biomedical domain. Additionally, the sudden outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has immensely expanded the research field, which has also benefitted graphene and its derivatives. Currently, the world is facing a global pandemic due to the sudden outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, from its major onset Wuhan city, China, in December 2019. Presently, many new variants and mutants appear, which is more harmful than previous strains. However, researchers and scientists are focused on understanding the target structure of coronavirus, mechanism, causes and transmission mode, treatment, and alternatives to cure these diseases in this critical pandemic situation; many findings are achieved, but much more is unknown and pending to be explored. This review paper is dedicated to exploring the utilities of graphene and its derivatives in combating the SARS-CoV-2 by highlighting their mechanism and applications in the production of biosensors, personal protection equipment (PPE) kits, 3-D printing, and antiviral coatings. Further, the paper also covers the cytotoxicity caused by graphene and its derivatives and highlights the graphene-based derivatives market aspects in biomedical domains. Thus, graphene and graphene-derived materials are our new hope in this pandemic time, and this review helps acquire broad knowledge about them. 147  Graphene has an excessive viral dilemma limit, consistent with previous take a look at. When 148 tiny layers of reduced graphene oxide-Tungsten oxide (r-GO/TiO2) have been altered for 149 photoinactivation of virus invading bacteria beneath evident mild illumination in 2012, the key 150 confirmation of graphene antiviral effects was discovered [7] . The coronavirus spike S1 protein 151 receptor-proscribing location can interact with heparin and exchange compliance, keeping with 152 recent studies. It provides guidance for advancing first remedial efforts by way of adapting 153 heparin and glycosaminoglycans-based antiviral agents [34] , in addition to sulfuric acid or 154 sulphate treatment of graphene oxide-based surfaces. Using near-infrared (NIR) light, sulphur 155 reacted NPs functionalized with r-GO were effectively employed to collect and photothermally 156 pulverise herpes simplex infection type 1 [35] . This information raises the possibility of mixing 240 Graphene is a hexagonal sp 2 hybridized carbon atom, and GO is an oxidized derivative of 241 graphene. r-GO is GO Figure 4 shows an efficient illustration of the noteworthy properties 253 of GO nanomaterials that make them potential candidates for fabricating PPEs kits. Fabrication of graphene and graphene-based protective cloths are prepared in many steps. [95] Further, figure 5 shows the expressive representation of a graphene-based three-layered mask to . Antiviral activity and toxic impact of graphene were tested in this 502 study, and it was determined that graphene has a non-toxic influence with good antiviral activity 503 at low concentration levels but a low toxic influence at higher concentration levels. These 504 findings indicate that graphene and its derivatives are less hazardous than other carbon materials, 505 making them viable for next-generation antiviral materials. When proteins, such as serum 506 proteins, surround these nanosheets, the cytotoxicity is dramatically reduced. As a result, while 507 they are poisonous to bacteria, they are not as hazardous to humans or other mammals. As a 508 result, they have the potential to be effective new antibiotics. 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