key: cord-0712875-fwqoympk
authors: Ahmad, Shahnawaz; Mehfuz, Shabana; Beg, Javed; Ahmad Khan, Nadeem; Husain Khan, Afzal
title: Fuzzy Cloud Based COVID-19 Diagnosis Assistant for identifying affected cases globally using MCDM
date: 2021-01-29
journal: Mater Today Proc
DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.240
sha: f36a6cf47076168250564c3e5cbf71fca520ff28
doc_id: 712875
cord_uid: fwqoympk

The COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019, emerged as a hazardous disease that led to many causalities across the world. Early detection of COVID-19 in patients and proper treatment along with awareness can help to contain COVID-19. Proposed Fuzzy Cloud-Based (FCB) COVID-19 Diagnosis Assistant aims to identify the patients as confirmed, suspects, or suspicious of COVID-19. It categorized the patients into four categories as mild, moderate, severe, or critical. As patients register themselves online on the FCB COVID-19 DA in real-time, it creates the database for the same. This database helps to improve diagnostic accuracy as it contains the latest updates from real-world cases data. A team of doctors, experts, consultants are integrated with the FCB COVID-19 DA for better consultation and prevention. The ultimate aim of this proposed theory of FCB COVID-19 DA is to take control of COVID-19 pandemic and de-accelerate its rate of transmission among the society.

The COVID-19 formerly known as 2019-nCoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was first found in Wuhan in late 2019 as a case of untraceable pneumonia [1,2]. The World Health Organization named 2019-nCoV as COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) on February 11, 2020 [6] . COVID-19 was neither detected nor reported in humans before [3, 4] .

The reported cases of COVID-19 reached 74,167,013 as on December 17, 2020 [22] . COVID-19 is a communicable disease which transmitted through close contact with the infected person or even with the infected surface. As per the reports, it is highly contagious and period of its incubation can be 2 weeks or more than that [7] . It infects the lung. Severely infected patients faced problem in respiration which leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome and finally caused death [8, 9] . Hence it is necessary to detect this problem at the early stages so that its expansion can be controlled. Current viral nucleic testing of COVID-19 is having only 30% -50% of accuracy. Due to this fact, many suspected or suspicious cases got unnoticed and undetectable which are left out from treatment [10] . Initially, "Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for Pneumonia of COVID-19 (Interim Version 5)" [11] , was adopted by National Health Commission of China, which was based on the chest imaging while proposing Version 6 [12] . Despite of adopting the aforesaid proposed Version 6, few cases still remains untouched or misdiagnosed due to different level of diagnosis through different doctors in different regions. Also, the detection of COVID-19 goes untraceable in its initial stage. Bernheim A et al. [13] revealed that detection of nucleic acid test can be done by observing the changes in computed tomography (CT). It is much more important to diagnose the suspects and isolate them to prevent the further dispersion of the infection among the society.

In this paper, we are proposing FCB COVID-19 DA (Fuzzy Cloud Based COVID-19 Diagnosis Assistant) based on Li Bai et al. [23] . The FCB COVID-19 DA will diagnose and helps in early detection of COVID-19 and also provide the treatment based on the condition of the patient. This will be really helpful for the suspects who are not able to visit any hospital or clinic. It also prevents unnecessary visits to hospitals in such hazardous scenario.

With the help of the proposed method patients will be able to diagnose themselves, because all the relevant consultation will be easily identified by the proposed system.

Rest of the parts of this paper are as follows (See Fig.1 ): Section 2 gives overview of cloud computing, Section 3 explains Fuzzy Set Theory, Section 4 contains related work and proposed methodology is given by Section 5 and finally, Section 6 will have conclusions and research directions. 

The processing of heterogeneous data and delivery of computing services like storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, computing power, and intelligence via the remote servers hosted on the internet is called cloud computing [25, 26] . This brings many advantages, including data ubiquity, flexibility of access, and resilience. The cloud computing, upsurges the capabilities of the hardware resources by optimal and shared utilization. The innovative technology enables businesses and enterprises to store applications, develop software solutions, manage business infrastructure and utilize the platform as per their expectation using the tools and development options available. The convenience of the cloud platform is to reduce the dependency, investment, and liabilities of on-premise business infrastructure [27, 28] . Paper also introduces the benefits of cloud computing (as shown by Fig. 2 ) in the market related to scalability and flexibility with existing software solutions which can be overcome using cloud computing platform and gives brief highlights of the advantages using the cloud platforms under COVID-19 pandemic.

The worldwide COVID-19 widespread has constrained us to reevaluate how we work, how we learn, offer assistance, lock-in, and socialize. Cloud computing has played a significant part in empowering businesses and governments to rapidly apply arrangements to reply to the emergency and keep up coherence. "Cloud computing represents the catalyst and the enabler of the important technological shift that was already well underway before COVID-19," said by Doreen Bogdan-Martin, Executive of ITU's Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) during a current cloud for COVID-19 response webinar. "And it's likely to be key to business resilience in the aftermath of the pandemic." "Every time we use an App on a smartphone or hit important Web App, chances are high that the back-end that powers this App is a Cloud. The Cloud is becoming the new invisible power thar drives many of the IT systems and Apps that we consume on a daily basis. Every day, we touch multiple Clouds multiple times without even noticing," said Nasser Kettani, Rapporteur of ITU-D Study Group 1 Question 3/1. We are using cloud computing concept in our proposed method because cloud-based system is based on pay as go price model which means there is no limitation for space while using cloud computing. [29, 30] . In our proposed method we are using triangular fuzzy number to calculate the weight of questionnaires based on DM's.

Our proposed method will provide the optimal treatment to the COVID-19 victim at home through fuzzy assessment calculation by TFN. In fuzzy system, we can only provide the linguistic values like (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1) to each question based on DM's expertise. Once we get the linguistic values from DM's, then we apply TFN to each DM's decision, and calculate the weight accordingly. MCDM (Multi Criterion Decision Making) method could be a sub-discipline of operations investigate that unequivocally assesses numerous conflicting criteria in choice-making (both in existence and in settings such as commerce, government, and medication). In our proposed method, we are using fuzzy set theory for identifying the vague vales from the questionnaires.

The detection of COVID-19 disease at early stage is very much important to contain its dispersion. Researches has been done for the same and many more are still going on. There is no method proposed based on fuzzy set theory till date. In our proposed method, we used MCDM method for the detection of COVID-19 and also provide the treatment based on the condition of the patient. This will be really helpful for the suspects who are not able to visit any hospital or clinic. It also prevents unnecessary visits to hospitals in such hazardous scenario.

This section presents a cloud based COVID-19 diagnosis assistant (FCB COVID-19 DA) for the treatment of any patient with recommender systems. The proposed method is presented in the following (see Fig. 3 

Registration will be done by a new patient using FCB COVID-19 DA by giving a modern username and comparing password. The patient then creates a public-private key pair with KMS (Key Management Systems) in FCB COVID-19 DA is overseen by means of an OAuth2 stream utilizing the asset proprietor password credentials grant (see Algorithm 1). Therefore, the first step of our proposed method is to get registered into FCB COVID-19 DA. Oauth key, Refresh Token

Once the patient is successfully registered into FCB COVID-19 DA, the page will show questions (see Algorithm2), and the patient chooses the reply button, which exchange the information back to the cloud online.

Consultation Based on Questionnaires by the DM's evaluated fuzzy assessment for each category and assigning scores to questionnaires according to DM's. After getting the cores from each DM's we have to calculate the weight for each DM's and find the ranking by sum of weights. Based on the testing by the different DM's scores, we will provide the optimal treatment to the patients. 

Patients identification is an important activity to elicit patients based on category of patients. For this first the patients have to register into the proposed system i.e., FCB COVID-19 DA. 6. Else patient range i ε (0.9-1) → Cat 4 (Critical)

In this step, we have to provide the treatment to COVID-19 victim category wise. Relevant guidelines about COVID-19, determination and treatment details, master addresses, research papers, and links are provided.

Furthermore, FCB COVID-19 DA can also be used by visualization techniques. After the establishment of the conclusion, the case will be naturally detailed and transmitted to the Cloud. The proposed method also makes specialists and patients communicate in an increased reality way, hence diminishes cross contamination. Questionnaires the DM's will provide the optimal solution of COVID-19 through FCB COVID-19 DA. I used the rough data for the same.

We designed 10 system generated easy-to-use questionnaires for profound mining and intelligent processing for the registered patients. The treatment recommendation and diagnosis are naturally produced and transmitted to specialists (DM's) or domain specialists for reference. Domain experts and physicians can use FCB COVID-19

DA software to participate according to their needs [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] .

In this paper, we proposed a method based on Fuzzy Cloud Based COVID-19 Diagnosis Assistant. The proposed method includes the following steps: register into the proposed method, consultation based on questionnaires by the DM's, identify patient for different regions, level identification of patient, category wise treatment identification, calculate fuzzy assessment for each category, negotiation and prioritization for treatment and protection. FCB COVID-19 DA helps in distinguishing volunteer specialists for master discussion (help in inspection the outpatient time of attentive specialists in each healing center), online interview (master discussion of volunteers, as it were restricted to the questions of the specialists teaching), and address preparing, counting preparing direct agreement, conclusion and treatment innovation, science instruction, and master gathering. In our proposed method, we used MCDM method for the detection of COVID-19 and also provide the treatment based on the condition of the patient. This will be really helpful for the suspects who are not able to visit any hospital or clinic. It also prevents unnecessary visits to hospitals in such hazardous scenario. With the help of

because all the relevant consultation will be easily identified by the proposed system. Future research directions include the following: 1. To expand the proposed strategy by utilizing Multi-Criteria Decision-Making strategies like AHP

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