key: cord-0703862-kcuo3scg
authors: Farias, Luís Arthur Brasil Gadelha; Cruz, Eberson de Alcântara; da Silva, Angélica Maria Holanda Pascoal; de Almeida, Tássia Ívila Freitas
title: Renal infarction in a patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019: another rare thrombotic event
date: 2021-03-22
journal: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0038-2021
sha: 1864db8e7821be5ca96764791b667694c595b894
doc_id: 703862
cord_uid: kcuo3scg

nan

A 37-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of nausea, vomiting, fever, and sudden low back pain in the left lumbar region that improved upon administration of 2 mg morphine every 4 h. Ten days before admission, he presented with cough, odynophagia, fever, and dyspnea, and tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 through nasopharyngeal swab test. Physical examination revealed a pain facies, no respiratory distress, respiratory rate of 20 rpm, heart rate of 118 bpm, and body temperature of 35.4 ºC. Abdominal examination revealed a positive Giordano sign in the left lumbar region. Normal vesicular breath sounds were recorded in both the lungs. Because of the history of sudden lumbar pain and fever, with high suspicion of vascular events or infectious complications, an enhanced abdominal computed tomography was performed, which revealed left renal arterial thrombosis with a marked reduction in renal perfusion, with only a minimal uptake foci in the lower and middle third of the kidney (Figure 1) . After investigation, thrombophilia was ruled out. The transthoracic echocardiogram was normal. Blood culture samples were negative. Anticardiolipin immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG, β 2 -glycoprotein, and lupus anticoagulant tests were negative. Anticoagulant therapy was initiated with a 5-day regimen of 60 mg enoxaparin every 12 h followed by 5 mg/day warfarin without further adjustments.

Venous and arterial thrombosis and coagulation parameter abnormalities are well-known complications in the late phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 1 . Few cases of renal infarction in COVID-19 patients have been reported 2,3 . It is hypothesized that the hypercoagulable state phenomena related to COVID-19 occur mainly through two mechanisms: disseminated intravascular coagulation and endotheliopathy, which generate thrombin, fibrin, and coagulation factors 3 . Further studies are necessary to understand the complete role of COVID-19 in vascular events.

Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia

Case Report: COVID-19 Associated renal infarction and ascending aortic thrombosis

Renal infarction in COVID-19 patient