key: cord-0701542-zg257ihb authors: Mace, Emily M. title: Profiling natural killers in COVID-19 date: 2022-01-17 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.01.002 sha: 68f7610cc66a83461b5a2a814b2448e6e5e78f2e doc_id: 701542 cord_uid: zg257ihb nan Disease severity was described using WHO classifiers and patients treated with 51 dexamethasone were excluded from the study. As has been described by previous studies, moderate COVID-19 disease but continued to decline in severe disease. scRNA-Seq analysis 56 identified 6 distinct NK cell subsets aligning with previously defined NK cell peripheral blood 57 subsets (5) that were universally identified in all 4 cohorts from all treatment centers. These 58 subsets included "inflamed CD56 dim ", marked by interferon (IFN)-related genes, "proliferating 59 CD56 dim ", "cytokine producing CD56 dim ", marked by IFNG, CCL4 and CCL3, HLA hi CD56 dim , 60 CD56 dim and CD56 bright subsets. Strikingly, there was a strong association between COVID-19 61 disease severity and the expansion of NK cell subsets that were found at minor frequencies in DNA COVID-19 The differential immune responses to 126 COVID-19 in peripheral and lung revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing A 129 single-cell atlas of the peripheral immune response in patients with severe COVID-19 Diversity of 132 peripheral blood human NK cells identified by single-cell RNA sequencing Natural 135 killer cell immunotypes related to COVID-19 disease severity Abnormality in the NK-cell 137 population is prolonged in severe COVID-19 patients Untimely TGFbeta responses in COVID-19 limit antiviral functions of NK cells Time-resolved 143 systems immunology reveals a late juncture linked to fatal COVID-19